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BS 8110-1:1997

5.4.6.4.3 Approximate value of differential shrinkage coefficient for building in a normal environment
In the absence of more exact data, a value of 100 106 may be assumed for the differential shrinkage in
computing T-beams with an in situ concrete flange.
5.4.7 Ultimate limit state
5.4.7.1 Horizontal shear force due to design ultimate loads
At the interface of the precast and in situ components the horizontal shear force due to design ultimate
loads is either:
a) where the interface is in the tension zone: the total compression (or tension) calculated from the
ultimate bending moment; or
b) where the interface is in the compression zone: the compression from that part of the compression zone
above the interface, calculated from the ultimate bending moment.
5.4.7.2 Average horizontal design shear stress
The average horizontal design shear stress is calculated by dividing the design horizontal shear force
(see 5.4.7.1) by the area obtained by multiplying the contact width by the beam length between the point
of maximum positive or negative design moment and the point of zero moment.
The average design shear stress should then be distributed in proportion to the vertical design shear force
diagram to give the horizontal shear stress at any point along the length of the member. The design shear
stress vh, should be less than the appropriate value in Table 5.5.
5.4.7.3 Nominal links
When provided, nominal links should be of cross-section at least 0.15 % of the contact area. Spacing should
not be excessive. The spacing of links in T-beam ribs with composite flanges should not exceed four times
the minimum thickness of the in situ concrete nor 600 mm, whichever is the greater. Links should be
adequately anchored on both sides of the interface.
5.4.7.4 Links in excess of minimum
Where the horizontal shear stress from 5.4.7.2 exceeds the value given in Table 5.5, all the horizontal shear
force should be carried on reinforcement anchored either side of the interface.
The amount of steel required Ah (in mm2/m) should be calculated from the following equation:
1000bv
Ah = -------------------------h- equation 62
0.95f y

5.4.7.5 Vertical shear


5.4.7.5.1 General
The design of composite members resisting vertical shear due to design ultimate loads should be carried
out in accordance with 3.4.5 for reinforced concrete and with 4.3.8 for prestressed concrete.
For prestressed members, no shear calculations are necessary for the serviceability limit state.
5.4.7.5.2 In situ concrete between precast prestressed units
In such cases, when the composite concrete section is used in design, the design principal tensile stress
should not exceed 0.24 fcu anywhere in the prestressed units; this stress should be calculated by making
due allowance for the construction sequence and by taking 0.8 times the compressive stress due to
prestress at the section considered.
5.4.8 Differential shrinkage between added concrete and precast members
Differential shrinkage between added concrete and precast members need not be considered for the
ultimate limit state.
5.4.9 Thickness of structural topping
The minimum thickness recommended is 40 mm nominal with a local minimum of 25 mm.
5.4.10 Workmanship
Workmanship is important in providing a good shear connection. In general, the topping should be well
vibrated onto a surface that has been dampened but is without standing water (see 6.2.2 and 6.2.3).

BSI 06-1999 121

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