bDdhloha lnh esa fp=dyk ds {ks= esa

VsDuksykth dh Hkwfedk

vkt bDdhloha lnh ds izkjEHk esa fp=dyk ds

fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa dEI;wVj rFkk vU; rduhdh ds

iz;ksx us ,d Hkwpky&lk yk fn;k gSA fp=dyk vk/kkfjr

fofHkUu {ks=ksa tSls ,fues'ku] O;oklkf;d

dyk@foKkiu dyk] fMtkbfuax] LFkkiR; fo"k;d

MkbZax] byLVs'ku] ,fpax] fizaVesfdax vkfn esa

VsDuksykTkh dk bruk izpyu iz;ksx gksus yxk gS fd

bldh lgk;rk ds fcuk bu {ks= esa dk;Z djus ds fo"k;

esa lkspuk Hkh vlaHko gks x;k gSA ;gh ugha fp=

fuekZ.k ds fy;s Hkh vc VsDuksykth dk O;kid iz;ksx

gksus yxk gSA 1

1
 1960 ds n'kd ls dEI;wVj dk iz;ksx gksus yxk

Fkk fdUrq vkjEHk esa dEI;wVj esa iz;ksx ls dksbZ

fo'ks"k gypy ugha gqbZA ,d rks ml le; dEI;wVj cgqr

fo'kkykdkj gksrk Fkk nwljs bldk ewY; bruk vf/kd

Fkk fd cM+h&cM+h dEifu;ak gh bUgsas [kjhn ldrh

Fkha ifjek.kr% cM+s oSKkfud rFkk bathfu;j gh bls

iz;ksx djus dh lqfo/kk ikrs FksA dEI;wVj ds iz;ksx ls

lEcfU/kr ,d leL;k ;g Hkh Fkh fd dksbZ vkdkj cukus

ds fy, blesa izksxzkfeax djuh gksrh Fkh ftls lkekU;r

% fp=dkj Lo;a ugha dj ikrs FksA bl leL;k ds ckotwn

dqN fp=dyk izseh oSKkfudksa us dEI;wVj ls fp=

cukus ds fy, izksxzkfeax vkjEHk dh rFkk fp= cukus

dk iz;kl Hkh fd;kA tkWu fOgVus (John hitney) pkyZ~l

lwjh (Charles Csuri)] ysllh estkbZ (Lesllie Mezei)

2
sfM;kj ukds Frieder Nake vfkn ds uke bls gsrq

fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; gSaA 2

1961 esa MIT ds ,d Nk= vkboku lnjyS.M us

Ldsp iSM (sketchpad) uked dEI;wVj izksxzkfeax izLrqr

dhA bl izksxzfeax ls ,d fo'ks"k izdkj ds ykbZV isu }

kjk dEI;wVj Lhu ij vkd`fr cukbZ tk ldrh Fkh] mls

;akf=d <+ax ls Le`fr esa lajf{kr dj ldrs Fks rFkk

iz;kstukuqlkj iqu% ns[kuk Hkh lEHko FkkA vusd

oSKkfud fp=dkjksa us bl i)fr ls dqN fp= rS;kj fd;s

,oa dEI;wVj }kjk cuk;s x;s bu fp=ksa dh izn'kZuh

dk vk;kstu fd;kA 1968 esa yUnu esa lkbZcjusfVd

lsjsisufMfV iznZ'kuh gqbZA vesjhdk ds mVk (Utah)

fo'ofo|ky; ds ,d Nk= us dEI;wVj tujsVsM ,fues'ku

izksxzke rS;kj fd;k fdUrq bu iz;klksa ds ckotwn

3
dEI;wVj&fp= vkfn dk rRdkyhu fp=dyk txr esa

dksbZ LFkku ugha cu ik;kA 3

1980 esa ilZuy dEI;wVj (PC) ds vfoZHkko] rFkk

fofHkUu izdkj ds lkVos;j ;k dEI;wVj izksxzfeax ds

vkus ls fp=dyk txr vkUnksfyr gks mBk A PC dk

NksVk vkdkj] de ewY; bls tufiz; cukus esa fo'ks"k

lgk;d gqvkA fp=dkj dks vc Lo;a izksxzkfeax djus

dh t#jr ugha Fkh D;ksafd cktkj esa bPNkuqlkj

izksxzfeax gsrq lkVos;j miyC/k Fks A ,Mksc

QksVks'kkWi] ,Mksc byLVsVj] DokdZ] dksjy Mk

vkfn us fp=dkj rFkk fMtkbZuj ds fy, ekuks ,d ubZ

nqfu;k ds }kj [kksy fn;s FksA dqN gh le; esa

fp=dyk ls tqMs fofHkUu {ks=ksa tSls foKkiu rS;kj

djuk] dEI;wVj] xzkfQDl] ,fues'ku vkfn esa iw.kZ #i

ls dEI;wVj dk vkkf/kiR; gks x;kA vkt dh vusd

4
cgqpfpZr fQYesa Hkh dEI;wVj }kjk izkIr fo'ks"k

izHkkoksa ls cuh gSaA

bDdhloha lnh ds vkrs&vkrs dEI;wVj rFkk

lkVos;j ds {ks= esa lSdM+ksa u;s vkfo"dkj gq,A

VscysV tSlk NksVk dEI;wVj cuk ftls bPNkuqlkj dgha

Hkh ys tk ldrs gSaA bldh lgk;rk ls fp=kdau djuk]

jax Hkjuk lHkh lEHko gSA dSuokl tSlk dEI;wVj Hkh

miyC/k gS ftlesa fp= cuk ldrs gaSA ;g ijEijkxr

fp=kadu i)fr ls bl izdkj fHkUu gS fd bl midj.k esa

jax&cz'k vkfn leLr fp=kadu lkexzh dEI;wVj ds vUnj

gSA ftls bysDVkfud flxuy nsdj iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk

gSA 4

ijEijkxr i)fr ls jax&cz'k ysdj dk;Z djus okykas dk

vkjEHk esa ;g rjhdk mruk lqfo/kkiw.kZ izrhr ugha

5
gqvk fdUrq 'kh?kz gh ;g vR;Ur tufiz; gks x;kA bl dh

lgk;rk ls fp=kdaau dh ijEijkxr i)fr ls vufHkK O;fDr

Hkh fp= cuk ldrk gSA

fp= fuekZ.k izf;k ds nks i{k gSa& ,d ekufld

(Psychological) rFkk nwljk nSfgd (Physical) A fp=kadu

dk fo"k; fu/kkZfjr djuk] fpUru dj mls ,d fcEc dk #i

nsuk] dYiuk ,oa Le`fr esa lafpr vkd`fr vkfn ls fcEc

dks e'k% lqLi"V cukuk ekufld izfd;k dk vax gSA

nSfgd izf;k esa ekufld fcEc dks js[kkadu] jax vkfn

dh lgk;rk ls ewrZ #i nsus dh ps"Vk vkrh gSA

dEI;wVj fp= fuekZ.k dh ekufld izf;k ugha dj ldrk

gS fdUrq nSfgd izf;k dks vR;Ur lqpk# #i ls lEiUu

dj ldrk gSA fdlh&fdlh {ks= esa dEI;wVj ;g dk;Z

ekuo ls dbZ xquk vf/kd O;ofLFkr #i esa] vR;Ur

foLrkjiwoZd rFkk nzqrxfr ls lEiUu dj ldrk gSA ;gh

6
dkj.k gS fd orZeku le; esa dEI;wVj vkVZ] fMftVy

vkVZ] dEI;wVj xzkfQDl vkfn dk izpyu rsth ls c<+rk

tk jgk gSA vkt baftfu;fjax Mkbax] foKkiu dyk vkfn

fp=dyk fuHkZj fofHkUu fof'k"V {ks=ksa esa iw.kZ

#i ls dEI;wVj vk/kkfjr dk;Z fd;k tkus yxkA 5

fp=dyk txr esa dsuokl tSlk dEI;wVj dk fo'ks"k

LFkku cuk;k gSA fp=dyk txr esa gypy epk nh gS

rFkk fMftVy isfUVx dh Hkh fo'ks"k ifjfpfr gks xbZ

gSA bl ;kfU=d vkdkj esa dSuokl ijEijkxr dSuokl ds

leku fo'kky gksrk gSa rFkk mls btsy esa j[kdj fp=

cuk;k tkrk gSA blesa bysDVkfud rwfydk ;k cz'k ls

dSuokl ds Lhu ij isfUVax djrs gSA bysDVkfud

rwfydk ds lw{e] e/;e rFkk LFkwy rhu eksM gksrs

gSA blesa lHkh izdkj ds jax muds oSfo/; lfgr feyrs

7
gSA dEI;wVj }kjk ladsr nsus ls Lhu ds mij

bPNkuqlkj isfUaVax dh tk ldrh gSA

bldk lcls mYys[kuh; i{k isfUVax eksM gS bls

tyjax fp=.k dk ;k rSy jax fp=.k eksM nsdj gh

izHkko ik ldrs gSa vFkkZr~ rSyjax ds eksM ls fp=

rSy jax esa cuk;k x;k yxsxk rFkk tayjax ds eksM ls

tyjax esa cus fp= tSlk vkHkkl gksxkA vPNs fizUVj

ls bl fp= dk vPNk fizUV fy;k tk ldrk gSA

;gka ;g tuuk t#jh gS blesa jax feJ.k ds lEcU/k

esa dqN lko/kkuh j[kuh vko';d gS D;kasfd blds jax

lkekU; fp=ksa esa iz;qDr gksus okys jaxnzO; ds

leku ugha gSaA ;s izdk'k ;k bysDVkfud rajx fufeZr

gSA lkekU; jaxnzO; esa yky] ihyk] uhyk feykus ls

8
/kwlj jax izkIr gksrk gS fdUrq ;gka yky] ihyk] uhyk

feykus ls lQsn jax gks tk;sxkA 6

dEI;wVj dh eseksjh esa bls j[kk Hkh tk ldrk gSA

bl dSuokl esa iz;qDr jax vkfn dEI;wVj ds vUnj gksus

ds dkj.k izkjEHk esa fp=dkj dks dqN ekufld vlgtrk

izrhr gksrh gSA ijUrq vkt fons'kksa esa vkt loZ=

,slh dSuokl isfUVax dk cgqr foLrkj gksus yxk gSA bl

fn'kk esa vU; izdkj ds ;a=ksa dh [kkst gks jgh gSA

bl vkys[k dk lekIr djrs gq, ;g dguk vko';d gS

fd ;a= vkSj VsDuksykth lEcU/kh bruh izxfr ds

ckotwn ;g /;ku nsuk pkfg, fd fp= dk jpukdkj ekuo

gS rFkk jpuk dk vk/kkj ewy fp= ewy rRo og ekufld

fcEc gS tks dykdkj ds efLr"d esa curk gSA fp= esa

n`f"Vxr gksus okyh vkd`fr] #i] jax ewyr% ekufld

9
fpUru dk Qy gSaA VsDuksykth ds iz;ksx ls fp=dkj

dk 'kkjhfjd ifjJe cgqr de gks tkrk gSA blls igys dYiuk

dks #ikf;r djus ds fy, vR;f/kd ifjJe rFkk iz;ksx

visf{kr ;k vkt dEI;wVj }kjk fp=kdau us dykdkj dks

ml ifjJe ls eqDr dj fn;k gSA vkxkeh le; esa foKku

vkSj VsDuksykth ds {ks= esa u;h&u;h [kkstsa

gkasxh ekuo ds fy, xzgkUrj ;k=k lqyHk gksxh

xzg.kgkUrj rc fp=dyk dk Lo#i D;k gksxk] ;g dguk

lEHko ugha gS fdUrq ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd rc ekuo

dh ekufld foLr`fr ds lkFk&lkFk dyk Hkh vR;f/kd

foLrkj izkIr djsxhA 7

Reference
1. Lopes, Dominic McIver. (2009). A Philosophy of Computer Art.
London: Routledge

2. Lev Manovich (2002-03-07). The language of new media. The

MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-63255-3.

10
3. Rainer Usselmann. (2003). "The Dilemma of Media Art:
Cybernetic Serendipity at the ICA London", Cambridge,
Massachusetts: The MIT Press/Leonardo Journal - Volume 36,
Number 5, October 2003, pp. 389396.

4. Computer Art Congress [CAC.2]: Mexico, March 26 - 28, 2008,

organized by and held at Tecnolgico de Monterrey Campus
Toluca and Campus Estado de Mxico. Chairs: Khaldoun Zreik
and Everardo Reyes Garca. Exhibition at: Museum of Modern
Art, Toluca City, Mexico.

5. [Neogroponte, 1996] .Neogroponte, Being Digital, First Vintage

Book Edition, 1996.

6. [Ross et al. 2003]S.Ross, M. Donnely, M.Dobreva, New

Technologies for the culture and Scientific Heritage Sector
(Technology Watch Report1), ISBN 92-894-5275-7, European
Commission, 2004, 214 pp.

7. Open Canvas 5.5 was relesed on july 2,2012

OS: Windows XP/Vista?&

HDD: More than 10 MB Free Capacity

CPU: x86 Compatible Processor corresponding to SSE2

RAM: Recommended Memory Capacity by Operating

System

Resolution: More than 1024X768 Pixel

Color Depth: More than 32 bit (16,770,000 colors)

11
 Peripherals: Wacom tablet

'kks/kkFkhZ

vEekj [kku

fp=dyk foHkkx] Jhuxj

ifjlj

gs0u0c0x0 dsfUnz;
fo'ofo|ky;] Jhuxj
x<+oky
mkjk[k.M+

12