Islami Bisshowkosh Part 05 PDF

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Contents
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^ ^ ^ ^
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ISBN : 984-06-1102-0
t^T^Tl^ ^s?r!w*f
8 (tho.oo "Sftlfl
Islami Bishwakosh (5th Volume) 2nd ed. (The Encyclopaedia of Islam in Bengali) Edited by the Board
of Editors and published by A. S. M, Qmar All oa behalf of Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, Baitul
Mukarrarm, Dhaka-1000. Phone : 9551902 J^J|BB''006
web site : wwwJslamicfoundation-bd.org
E-mail : info@islpijlGfoundation-bd.org
Price : Tk 590.00 ; US $ 30
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^ . f?. 51. iHij^Bi ^ 3fef'i^
^g *tîcf5 ^
'SRt^ '^pft^ Hl>l^>1
v5. g^^ v 5 i t ^ ^ I P m
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#^ ^ i r ^ - i i ^ M ^ . ^fTw I ^>i=ilcw?i l<fb()jsij ^R>^lw ^TOt

'flt^nf^ ^sHt ^R^'^tj I
W o t ? ^R><IC>l ^>l1i W5) ^ % ^ I # ^ <3 ^R>^l W i ) ^ 'iR^ t f ^ f W H ^>l=1l
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^>isiilii<ij ipi^swH ^??rtm
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twTf 1 c w r 1%!^ ^â#^ wfwtit -ii^^^ti^ î^fcf c^^Rc^ t%f^>il^l^j<i^lft i

<m^ >[M^ ^3 ^ r a ^ ^5Tf%^-^|^^t1%T, ''ftf^-^rtM)^, ^ ' ^ - ^ ^ i f ^ ^ - s i M fSnsW -g^w^
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^7iTm ^yp'î^ ^sitoj^^ ^sn^ft, - s p m ^ ^ s ^ f f f ^

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(i^ ^t) ^ 'sf^ (cj.?! ^n) ^ ^ ^ I s i ^ M ? w ^ ?tf%%rm ^sfrj ^ i f t ^
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^t%m csfffe tm ^^^"=1 %rn:^ swPt^ t i ? ^3TS[5fii ^ f^g^^tt^^ ^c^s "sl^rm^ i
=i^?l1^ ^tl^wTf ^5ft5T^ ?j|hB # ^ ^'gi:^ sf^c^ c?,:?, 'siTQ #^,1^^^^;^-^? ^ ^ '^'^
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f t # r f ^ '=#'$f îp^'^f ^sfmnM 'sttsjf -ink^ ^ ^5t%?rt fes ^ f f l ^simt ^'^-'^51^1%^
^ ctm 4Rc^f^ I
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^vssTW ^srm^ w%f, gt^^mf .<*w<t>î ^ ^ a ^ "=3^, t^*^ ^^r^:^ ^ ^ s ^ i [ ^ m ^?rt<p^ 'rmi?
pftoi:^ t^=T^ f^^?R:^ twl^'^
(M^'^-^^ ^ %nwt ^ ^^t^ 'itk^ i f k ? 1 ^ WRT '=it^-'=t(fî^ t ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^
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"f^f^c^ 1km
1 =â 3=^z ^ ="51 m

t =
1 =:t i E=^c 3=?i-zh ^ = ^ 0 =^ n

1 =Û ^ = ^ f 6=^ h
k.q J = w
j = ^d
^ = ^- s k c5=^ y
J=T dh ^ = ^-Z^- d ^ =^ g ay
J=^ 1
J = ^r
im+1^='^, J-J='^fra^, Lt .1 ,.7, = ^tnmt,
f^X < ; f ^ 't^ I ^^'f^ i<i5i^>* J = ^ i_fJJ = 5rt#, <?ra^ J = 1^ = -R-^, J = ^
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(^)
t = '^
1= ^
^51^'^ c^^rm <jrbiii ^sjtf^ ^rein t^îcK
(^) (?r 'n?ff, ^ ^ <ijiîM^ w=T liRsgT t#ro ^ h h tfet^ ^ît?itc5, c 3 t ^ % ^ 3Tttimi^ ^tsRvo
^snt^T, ^snf^mrs, ' a r m , ^m^, t s r m , ^^r><)>m, % h , ^?rrtiT, ^^î^n^, ^lifH, ^ /

^^t^, ^ ^ t l ^ / feim^, ^5^^, ' t ^ ^ , ' m , f ^ ^ , '^-a^, -^^s^n^, - s ^ ^ , ^ô^tf^, ,otf^r?t,
ôtf^, p f o ^ ( o T l ^ ) , f?m, Tem, m ^ ^ , 'm, i^jf^, w i t r , i i i R m ,
fro, ipi.|Rr|| / (?i:i<mr=ii, -gxotfw / cii^K<if, ^ p f t f ^ , c^Tîft, :^^g?it, ^^^piH, if^, itmw, *t%, ^ m ^ , f w n ,
(71, lilt ^î^ ^ "^snîft, m ^ ^ i ^ f%wt ^ft% Tsjiit^ <^ ^^r^ ^
^'81 ?t ti ^ ^ i g f ^ i wu t St ^ ^ f ^ ^ sr ^ Ti ^ ^ ^ ^
^ I ^ ^ , ^Sf^f^
"îmft
'ini-d.sjiR^
^ -oIlR'oH
C^) '>i(HI)R>l-Tt^
t twtiw
ts3t#
ib. ibid, ^LiS ^ j
It f ^ , |t%tw, ^
f^l? .
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iS? WJi
^. wB^ (R^gl^.i^. t^sTti^)

^ . ^8 > 5 t ^ (f5fte?R5)
^. ^^tf^^ n.d.
f cf.
5 a^, q.v., s. V. jjL, d j
No.
t. s q . s q q . f. ff.
ift -"tflPtt, suppl supplement

tt^ tt#(Pl, MS.
% ^. .................'j:^ltrfrs op. cit. jj^l^ ^Li^
% ' J i ^ i ^ f S t ^ ^ , loc. cit. j ^ i *
^.^
1^1^^
1., ^'=\
1, *n sirs
^ T^, W = f
(^). '^HiîR
(^) ? i t w t g i ^ "ÎT^
Ct) ^'tmt^ '*iMi?iR. 'Qiiwigiii
^^wt
*i'*llfiô, ed.
1^1%^^^, passim, 6 j J J ^ J
R %ift, %fftoo,
Inira
(?Jf^ id. Idem, a-. ^ j
section mark, J . ^
tet, PlWHIW, SJL. J ^ i ^ s.v.
t55?5 fols.
^tt Sc.
, IT Sic." # ^RH âi^l)
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^ a
b
i't. 8 o 8o (stc^ cwm)
s 1 wrat^ 1 (^>aiH (^m)

8<?o/io<tV 1^. Sdo 5H ^[lf^ io<?V ^Cgt'ST^ C=p=n?T) C ? ! ' ^ >Sf^ ^ ^ ^ F R ^SRaT
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f[?wi? ^ w^5?ni?s^c='i? ^ 5 i 1 % ? ^
^ . W R g s ! 5 T t ^ 8<Jj^
t'MN ^>ii'5^, ^ti>^, Novbr, e i o '5.'S#^5JT5T^'!fH g S H o , 8Hi
^.^.51. * l N i j < ! g^J^H s <f'bS> \. -^mS^ ^ 8 8<?, i ^ O i , i S > 8 , ^<?b-, < f i ^ , eÔ^s,
^|ip\oH C W H S Opb-, <H(2-o HovS
^. -Jp. '51. C^tC'R 8 - b ^ . 'HÎP <^5JH 8 '!s8

^âtr?^ 8 8 b - , H\5, H>l3, ^<!-8, ^-Js^, 8 i o , S i f f ,
^ 5 i H ^ 'singff g 8iH, 8<!5<2-, 8 ' b H , 8 H o , 8 H H , >!jS>^0, H W
it^'fn?!^ 8 es. 5 5 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 8 i S i i i , ^'Jj'Jj, 8^0H, 8<?^0, 'JjÔ'Jj
v S g ' S T R p p i S t % [ g >!jlr, H i , 8(th, ^tr^, H i e , HHff

^ 5 l t ^ ^tTTPS 8 ^ o H , ^ 8 i . , kVS, iOrd, ^brH, ^b-b-, 5(^NW W t ^ m t ^ ^ ' ^ ' f t S H 8 H
ilSiH, ^JS>, O o v s , vooH, 8o<j3, hii'b, 5(^NW ^tH>tl< 8 8 H 8 , 8c>b-
' 5 ^ p F f W ^ 5 5 f W t # ^ 8 Hff
^58 ^5fl^ <J^<p.vq|^(.>J1 o ^>l30 539^ ^ ^ f W ^ 8 v S ^ 8 , 8H.'J3, H b r i
^ ^ M ^ l ^ l ^ h g HS> ^39^Wm^5fn?RS S HH^^), H H 8
\% ^^ntf^ "^^m^ s ho, H i , 8<j3h, 8'bb-,

>l3b-8, <bb-<b, - b S i i , H i 8 , H H o , HHC^, s p j ^ t 5 r t ^ [ ^ 8 Hb-, iS>^, v o o e , ^55., 8:^>l3, lj, 8 i H , H i H ^ 3 9 ^ ^ 8 8 ^ , H H , ô^, 8 i < f , 8 H i , <JsS.^^)
^ W 1 = 5 5 i T i ^;t^ 8 Sôe, eii 539^ (?Tl^5(1iT ( S j ^ f l t ^ 8 <K?b-
il. ilt5. 'il5t. 8 8b-b-, 8b-S> 5[^N:tT *tR3W Wt^Prttt S 8 iNO
iil.cW.45J C ^ M ^ 8 (tbtr 5^WttS^8 0Si(?

iil.f^.ipf. " S t H ^ ^ 8 < f , ^"JsCf C5n8 ^ fet 8 H o
il.f^.iPI. W t ^ ' f T fet 8 ^Hi csns i t ^ wt^?fm g H o
ii.ira.ii-5f t$rai^ t^^mm 8 Hb-'b C5n8 5 1 1 ^ g ^-J58
58 <5.C^.<iI5I. - o n t p 8 v s ^ , b r o , ô<!5, ^ o H , C5ng ^ s r t ^ ^ r i l ^ s ^-ê
^<?v3, o : ^ , 8'J3<J3, 8'JsH, S-bSi, 8 H o , Csrtg o f t ^ Î=Tl5f ^ 5 f t ^ 8 b - i , i ^ S > , i \ 5 i , iHti>
8Hi, 8 H ^ , 8 H , 8 H 8 , 8 H e , 8H'Js, C5n8 W m r ^ F ^ 'fH 8HH8

8VCt, <fio, <Jjb-8, <Jjb-(2-, "Jsb-H, "bb-b-, C5n8 t W o f t ? i5St _g e>b<!-
b^ff, H b - 8 , Hbr!i>
l i l . C ^ . ' i R . î||<Jil?ll< 8 ^ O i CSJtg volcq-q ' s r t ^ g ^ b r o , H 0 8

CSJfg 5 ] f ^ ^ \^<A\A g 8 o \ S , 8HS>, bV(t, <bh.o, H ^ ^
(v58) '^51 n5pg5T 8 iS.S.
(v58) iiJ5i >3)|<iij=l m m 8 8 H H , eoh., Hi-b,H i H Csns C5JHW5I ^5?!^ 8 Ôo^L
c f R . (5. ^Wt%St ' f H 8 HS>o CSftg W St 13=1 ^ ^ f e g iisi
ifj.1^.iR. 5 [ ^ M ^ 8 >l3ii Csng ( F ^ ^ C W H S HbrH
( v 5 8 ) ^ ^ ^ [ ^ 8 8S.o csTtg Prai^ t^prm c^wt^ g hov

(v5g) C ^ . ' i R . C S I 1 ^ % 8 ^ O i i , e<Js^, (tb^ Csrt^jTIPf o r t ^ ^ g l C T a 8 VS8, ^0<b, <b<Js,-bH, "bts, H 8
' f H C5Jl^C=l!^ W t 5 5 p i 8 ;^4>^ CSn^pUl ^3|H(j=1 T I I ^ g <?brbr
^|W5|| 'Stl^ 8 >I30, <iii, i o , ^ 0 ^ i , 8 W , 8 b r H , H b ^ Wl^WH 8 8 ^
^<\\< ^5n?5npf 'oTp'Rrt^ s h^, 'Jsc*^ v5g CTKlMIH rt<[g=^ >ÎC1ii>, " b V i , 'bS>8, Hi<J3
TRPTf C^'Tsr 8 ^ H , ilb-, i ^ , vs^vs, ^ 0 ^ 8 , HÔbr
C5rt^m (Spnt=T % 8(^b-, (2-oi
Ml^^H % He
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1 % ? r t ^ W l # S 8(?b-, 8(2-ti>, Svbff, 8 H i , 8 H , ^bSiff fTRdigf ^k^lH 8 8 o V , S-h-h, H i ^

"tt^rg^ 8ioo ^ j l ^ ' t T J W i!J"?lH 8 (?(?, H ^ , 8^Si
*ff?It <)iJ,i)IH S vSff, l i b , H ^ o 8 bhS
^8 *lt^ S 8vb C 5 ? T t ? n ^ t ^ ^ ^ 8 8lr5}, H o i
* I R 5 [ 5 ] ^ ^jft^l 8 vs^, (2->b8 ^ ^ n ^ t T H 8 H , V i , ^ o ^ , ^ o 8 , ^VSS., ^ 8 e , ^ > b i , vSvSo,
Cft C 5 n 8 ^ # P W l H 8 8 o ^ , 8o>b, 8 i 8 v S H i , 8 o i , 8 0 S . , 8 i i , 8 v s e , 8vS>b, S f f i ,
> | | M , % ^ >o(lî|H 8 ( ? H V , >b^(2- (2->b(2-, H i ^ , H H , H ( ? o , H<vS
'^^#1, g?H=g^T!pI * o l H < l H , E. G. Browne, ^ T ^ - ' ^ f f e ^ iS>ovs-i5o\b 1 ^ ^ 1 ^ Wsfgt^ "amt*=
Tables=Tables Alphabetiques du ft\sll=1 redigees par 1. Guidi, Leiden i c > o o ^. i

Brunnow=f%ôt^-^^, Ci.i t., R. E. Brunnow, ^rfe^ ib-^rô ^. i
W l ^ - f ^ , ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ' 5 ^ - < p ^ , ^ i ^ . J.-T. Relnaud 'mi. M. de Slane, -tifm i V 8 o \
^ M - f ^ , ^ " ^ ' ^ , ^ . = G e o g r a p h i e d'Aboulfeda, traduite de I'arabe en francais, i f . , 5,t., I by
Reinaud, "llrt?^ i b - 8 V ; by St. Guyard, ib-^rô ^. i
"Sfl^G^tW, 51ti)lPl<t>-t ' ^ ^ s n M l ^ ^ o l f N 'Gin ^ - l l f e n iOi-iH/ib-S.(2--ti. 1

5ttft%l=Descriptlon de I'Afrique et de I'Espagne, W^. R. Dozy ^ M. J. De Goeje, îfe^b^t
f ôTfRt, 1%^'>1-ft'l
ôtM, ^ - - p f ^ t z z t ^ De Goeje, ^rltro^ i S > o o ^. i
" t i ^ , %m=t%ôn5=r-%m m ^m^'^-\<^M' <m'^-'=m^ t ^ o j t f ^ , f i i ^ i ^ v 8 1 ^ . i
" # 1 1 5 ^ , 5^lR5rf=Prolegomenes d'Ebn Khaldoun, ' i ^ . E. Quatremere, t n l ^ ib-(2-b--vbV (Notices
et Extraits xvl-xviii) i
fHii^=The Muqaddimah, Trans, from the arable by Franz Rosenthal, o n:3,
5ft=Ti|n-de Slane=Les Prolegomenes d'Ibn Khaldoun, traduits en francais et commentes

par M. de slane, Paris 1863-68 (anastatic reprint 1934-38) i
1lf?l<)>H=?]m?ir5'^-^'?fH m ^ H O I S o j m t t ' ^ - i t W J ^ , F. Wustenfeld, Gottingeri 1835-50
(quoted after the numbers of Biographies),
'ftlt^, fs^=the same, '=Ti. ^^'^^ ^- '
'sflfii'MH, de Slane=ft^H <3lp|vllf*'=1-^'TfH, Baron MacGuckin de Slane, 8 'tlâ, tltf^
i V 8 ^ - i V H i ^.1
M. J. De Goeje,
f p t ' T l ^ ^ ' S f m - ^ i W l ^ <3-?rH-il|i)lPl<l>, i b - V S . % (BGA VI) i
^f51R<l^, <M^Ml=^-'g^yi-'!ll%f "ft "sn^ f5pT"l ^BUM-^l^t, W. Popper, Berkeley-Lleden
1908-1936.
^^-ftfe^, li1?lM=the Same, i o 8 b - R ^. i
t ^ ^ - f vo-1=Voyages d'Ibn Batouta, Arabic text, W^. Wt^ C. Defremery ^ B. R.
Sanguinetti, 8 t T t l ^ ib-ffvs-ev i
^ -gMf>s?Il51=1%^'^- -t^"^ wmm W l t ^ M - w m t g ^ , F. Codera, 5I#T ib-bô ^. (BHA 11) i
^g57ivot='5rpT-^'?(Tf '5T--5Tr%m, M.J. De Goeje, ^f^jOS^ i v s . ^ % (BGA Vll) i
t^7n'ii=^-'-vo-WTg5l-^j^, H . Sachau an4 others, 'îtw i 5 o ( ? - 8 o ^. i
^ ^'iw-1=1=1%^ ^ - ^ M - W t ^ ' , J. H. Kramers, ^ T f e ^ iS.ôb--^^î> (BGA 11, ^ T I ^?,) i
t ^ t l ^ = ' 5 f t ^ - % t , ^ . F. Wustenfeld, Gottingen 1859-60.
t?ig'5I-on^%=1%ôT<p-^^lfet^ô-\stftf, C. J. Tomberg, ?Tltc^ i V f f i - H ^ b ^. i
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Contents
trad. Fagnan=Annales du Maghred et de I'Espagne, E. Fagnan. Algiers 1901.

^^-Msrri}<)|^=f%vsH 's!4!vii|R)"^--f5fc=n,^. F. Codera, ib-b-'i-lrS. ''t. (BHA V-VI} I
tw^-'t^,^-H^='^'Hrs'^-TKt^#t^'f?l5^Tt^, i<?o-ei f^. (quoted according to years
of obituariep}..
^ ^ . ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ' s l ^ - H f t v B H v s i H - ' I s i ^ , ^ftr. De. Goeje, "II^C^bH ib-b^b'^. (BGAV) i
rdf-^, ^TTt^=t^tl5^-^5nfk ^-srf'ravlFi^l-^srt^, d . S. Margollouth, Leiden 1907-13 (GMS VI).
^\o=i[''Sfl^-<pFTR, F. Wustenfeld, Leipzig 1866-73 (anastatic reprint 1924)
in'f-ft=\5|t'!f, M. Th. Houtsma, Leiden 1883.
^f-^, ^ a ^ = ^ . M. J. De Goeje, Leiden 1892 (EGA VII).
%vs-r#=on5T-iJ1>llPl<t= 'GH--5Tt^#W, M. J . De Goeje, ^Tfes^T ib-'lo (BGA I) t ^ ' f i^^'l 1-) I
^?n^=^'!t-^ feR ^-m^-mM, ^ntc^ iS)o>i5-vDs ( g m s xvi)

(ta), ^ o T ^ - ' o f i ^ , ^^-rsjfi'ggî t^'^^'Mi^-^n^fitô i
^Ktlt=ô#|?-^g^ -QTlFr-^, M. J. De Goeje and others, Leiden 1879-1901.
^ ' ^ - t 'S%f=^'ll'i?lK ^nsf-s^ ^ - ^ - f l f t ^ , ^ ' f - t "sftwt, f^rt. in Facsimile by E. G. Browne,
Leiden-London 1910.
volt'sf ^ ^ = v 5 t M - ' ! f t ^ ^ o r R - ^ ^ TotfH ^ ' W T , i 8 ^ ^ r a i8^/iS.v5i I

tTfv3=flô-"^r^-ferT^-^^sjM, 5iwfT. E. G. Browne, ^TS^-^Tltro^T iJsoi ^. i
Tfi^=^?pn^--^pivst1^^^stfH^^5n^ F. Codera J . Ribera, ^^1% ilrb-e (BAH III).
i#)ft=^|?n^-^^S!IH (quoted according to title of articles).
i^j^-jvotzr-sp^riw ^"tf'rsi t ^ & f o t , - s ^ p ^ - t t ? ^ i t t ^ , 9m., c^wt. i i r o ^ ^. i
^H>iH=^H>tl'J<^-wrraT5p, 8-^., d . , M. Schlossinger S.D.F. Goitein, C^^nr^Tsf
^Hl^rft, f^-rz^^-^r-ipwR, M.J. de Goeje, <=lRc^'l ilrbîi I

sff^s^, Analects=^7l^'*^-^#>S'J^-'snÎ'Tlg1%-?t^ (Analects surj'histoire et la littereature
des Arabes de I'Espagne), iRt^'l ib-ee-'bi i
sjm^, vom% = t ^ ^ o t f o - v o t ^ t^-tf3t^, M. J. De Goeje, Lieden 1894 (BGA VIII).
sft^*^, = ^5i^---JI-Kt^, C. Barbier de Meynard et pavet de CourteiUe, ' ' W l ^ %1
^Klft=^-^y[1g^-^1%?"ft^'S^Ftf^-^"'I%I, M. J. De Goeje, ^1%^ ib-'i'i (BGA III).
?pt?lft, ^f?mH=^- ^ ^-^pt?lft, If-^gm, E. Levi-Provencal, "^mm iêô '^f. 1

R (LA)=%^-'^tt^ I
^l<^l>l\sl^=^-1^^ 'GTJH-I^-H, W. Cureton, ib-s^b 1
:yfm^5#=^-:yfm^5tt^, ofR-^rt^, In facsimile by D.S. MargoUouth, Leiden 1912 (GMS XX).
>ii^^^>i=^^siiTp=r ^ ^ ' ^ rR-'wi?[tf%r, ^mt^ iô8^b/is>^b-1
'?l1%in=^ttft--^^,^. S. Yaltkaya and KilislI Rifat Bilge, %?tyf iS.8i-8v5 %1
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Contents
ft%F!, Flugel=^n*!^- ' C ^ , Leipzig 1835-58.

^li)m^= ft-Tpl^ <Stl^<)|Ri=1 'wMi, 3fwtT. D. H. Muller, Leiden 1884-91.
^ " m ^ ^ F n o t ^ , ' ^ = ^ ? I ^ t ^ ^ ' ^ , fMT. G. Le Strange" Leiden 1913-19 (GMS XXlll)
^Tjg^l 'vSTt^Tm^The Regions of the World, ^ . V. Minorsky, London 1937 (Gms, N. S. Xi).
Abbreviated Titles
Of Some of The Most Often Quoted Works
Babinger=F. Babinger, Die Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen und ihre Werke, 1st, ed.,
Leiden 1927.
Barkan, Kanunlar=Omer Lutfi Barkan, XV vc XVI inci Asirlarda Osmanli
Imparatorlugunda Zirai Ekonominin Hukuki ve Mali Esaslari, I. Kanunlar,
Istanbul 1943.
Barthold, Turkestan= W. Barthold, Turkestan down to the Mongol invasion, London
1928 (GMS. N. S. V).
Barthold, Turkestan^=the same, 1st edition, London 1958.
Blachere, Litt.=R. Blachere, Hlstoire de la Litterature arabe, i, Paris 1952.
Brockelmann, 1, II=C. Brockelmann, Geschichte der Arabischen Literatur, zweite den
Supplementbanden Angepasste Auflage, Leiden 1943-49.
Brockelmann, S. I, II, III=G. d. a. L., Erster (Zweiter, Drifter) Supplementband, Leiden
1937-42.
Browne, i=E. G. Browne, A Literaiy Histoiy of Persia, from the earliest times until
Firdawsi, London 1902.
Browne, ii=A Literaiy Histoiy of Persia, From Firdawsi to Sa'di, London 1908.
Browne, iii=A Histoiy of Persian Literature under Tartar Dominion, Cambridge 1920.
Browne, iv=A Histoiy of Persian Literature in Modem Times, Cambridge 1924.
Caetani, Annali=L. Caetani, Annali dell'lslam, Milan 19.05-26.
Chauvin, Bibliographie=V. Chauvin, Bibliographie des ouvrages Arabes et relatifs aux
Arabes, Lille 1892.
Dozy, Notices=R. Dozy, Notices sur quelques arabes, Leiden 1847-51.
Dozy, Recherches^=Recherches sur I'lristoire et la litterature de I'Espagne pendant le
moyenage, third edition, Paris and Leiden 1881.
D o 2 y , Suppl.=R. D o 2 y , Supplement aux dictionnaires arabes, Leiden 1881 (anastatic
reprint, Leiden-paris 1927).
Fagnan, Extraits=E. Fagnan, Extraits inedits relatifs au Maghreb, Alger 1924.
Gesch. des Qor.=Th. Noldeke, Geschichte des Qorans, new edition by F. Schwally, G.
Bergstrasser and O. Pretzl, 3 vols.. Leipzig 1909-38.
Gibb, Ottoman Poetiy=E. J. W. Gibb, A History of Ottoman Poetry, London 1900-09.
Gibb-Bowen=H. A. R. Gibb and Harold Bowen, Islamic Society and the West, London
1950-1957.
Goldziher, Muh. St.=I. Goldziher, Muhainmedanische Studien, 2 vols., Halle 1888-90
Goldziher, Vorlesungen =1. Goldziher, Vorlesungen uber den Islam, Heidelberg 1910.
Goldziher, Vorlesungen2=2nd ed., Heidelberg 1925.
Goldziher, Dogme=Le dogme et la loi de I'islam, tr. F. Arin, Paris 1920.
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
Hammer-Purgstall GOR=J. von Hammer (Purgstall), Geschichte des Osmanischen

Reiches, Pest 1828-35.
Hammer-Purgstall Gor^=the same, 2nd ed.. Pest 1840.
Hammer-Purgstdl, Histoire=the same, trans, by J. J. Hellert, 18 vols., Bellizard (etc.),
Paris (etc.) 1835-43.
Hammer-Purgstall=, Staatsverfassung=J. von Hammer, Des Osmanischen Reichs
Staatsverfassung und Staatsverwaltung, 2 vols., Vienna 1815.
Hammer, Recueil=M. Th. Houtsma, Recueil des textes relatifs a I'histoire des
Seldjoucides, Leiden 1886-1902.
Ibn Rusta-Wiet=Les Atours Precieus, Traduction de Gaston Wiet, Cairo 1955.
Idrisi-Jaubert=Geographie d'Edrisi, Trad, de I'arabe en francais par P. Amedee Jaubert, 2
vols., Paris 1836-40.
JuynboU, Handbuch=Th. W. Juynboll, Handbuch des Islamischen Gesetzes, Leiden 1910.
Lane=E. W. Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon London, 1863-93 (reprint New York
1955-6).
Lane-Poole, Cat.=S. Lane-Poole, Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British Museum,
1877-90.
Lavoix, Cat.=H. Lavoix, Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes de la Bibliotheque
Nationale, Paris 1887-96.
Le Strange=G. Le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate, 2nd ed., Cambridge 1930.
Le Strange, Baghdad.=G. Le strange, Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate, Oxford 1924.
Le Strange, Palestine=G. Le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, London 1890.
Levi-Provencal, Hist. Esp. Mus.=E. Levi-Provencal, Hlstoire de I'Espagne musulmane,
new ed., Leiden-Paris 1950-53, 3 vols.
Levi-Provencal, Chorfa=E. Levi-Provencal, Les Historieiis des Chorfa, Paris 1922.
Maspero-Wiet, Materiaux=J. Maspero et G. Wiet, Materiaux pour servir a la Geographic
de I'Egypte, Le Calre 1914 (Mifao xxxvi).
Mayer, Architects=L. A. Mayer, Islamic Architects and their Works, Geneva 1956.
Mayer, Astrolabists=L. A. Mayer, Islamic Astrolabists and their works, Geneva 1998.
Mayer, Metalworkers=L. A. Mayer, Islamic Metalworkers and their Works, Geneva 1959.
Mayer, Woodcarvers=L. A. Mayer, Islamic Wookcarvers and their Works, Geneva 1958.
Mez, Renaissance=A. Mez, Die Renaissance des Islams, Heidelberg 1922.
Mez, Renaissance, Eng. tr.=The Renaissance of Islam, translated into English by
Salahuddin Khuda Bukhsh and D.S. Margoliouth, London 1937.
Mez, Renaissance, Spanish trans.=El Renacimiento del Islam, translated into Spanish
by S. Vila, Madrid-Granada 1936.
Nallino, Scrltti=C. A. NalUno, Raccolta di Scritti editi e inediti, Roma 1939-48.
Pakalin=Mehmet Zeki Pakalin, Osmanli Tarih Deyimleri ve Terimleri Sozlugu, 3 vols.,
Istanbul 1946 ff.
Pauly-Wissowa=Redenzyklopaedie des Klassischen Altertums.
Pearson=J.D. Pearon, Index Islaniicus, Cambridge 1958.
Pons Boigues=Ensayo bio-bibliografico sobre los historiadores y geografos,
arabigo-espanoles, Madrid 1898.
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
Santillana, Istituzioni=D, Santillana, Istituzioni di diritto musulmano malichita,

Roma 1926-38.
Schwarz, Iran=P. Schwarz, Iran in Mittelalter nach den arabischen Geographen, Leipzig
1896.
Snouck Hukrgronje, Verspr. Geschr.^^C. Snouck Hurgronje, Verspreide Geschriften,
Bonn-Leipzig-Leiden 1923-27.
Sources inedites=Comte Henry de Castries, Les Sources inedites de I'Histoire du Maroc,
Premiere Serie, Paris (etc.) 1905-Deuxieme Serie, Paris 1922.
Spuler, Horde=B. Spuler, Die Goldene Horde, Leipzig 1943.
Spuler, Iran=B. Spuler. Iran in fruh-Islamischei Zeit, Wiesbaden 19052.
Spuler, MongoIen^^B. Spuler, Die Mongolen in Iran, 2nd ed., Berlin 1955.
Storey=C.A. Storey, Persian Literature : a Bio-bibliographical Survey. London 1927.
Survey of Persian Art=ed. byA.U. pope, Oxford 1938.
Suter=H. Suter, Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber und ihre Werke Leipzig
1900.
Taeschner, Wegenetz=Franz Taeschner, die Verkehrslage und das Wegenetz Anatoliens
im Wandel der Zeiten, Gotha 1926.
Tomaschek=W. Tomaschek, Zur historischen Topographic von Kleinasien Im
Mittelalter, Vienna 1891.
Weil, Chalifen=G. Weil, Geschichte der Chalifen, Mannheim-Stuttgart 1846-82.
Wensinck, Handbook=A.J. Wensinck, A Handbook of Earl" Muhammdan Tradition,
Leiden 1927.
Zambaur=E. de Zambaur, Manuel de Genealogie et de chronologic pour I'Histoire de
1'Islam, Hanover 1927 (anastatic reprint Bad P)nmont 1955).
Zlnkeisen;=J. Zlnkelsen, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches in Europa, Gotha 1840-83.
ABBREVIATIONS FOR PERIODICALS ETC

Abh. G.W. Gott.=Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wlssenschaften zu Gottingen,
Abh.K.M.=Abhandlungen fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes.
Abh. Pr, Ak. W.=Abhandlungen der preusslschen AKademir der Wlssenschaften.
Afr.Fr.-Bulletln de Comite de I'Afrique francaise.
AlEO Alger=Annales de I'Instltut d'Etudes Orlentale de I'Universite d'Alger N.S. from
1964.
AlUON=AnnaIi dell'Istituto Unlversltario Orlentale di Napoli.
Anz. Wlen=Anzelger der (Kaiserllchen) Akademie der Wlssenschaften, Wien.
Philosophisch- historlsche Klasse.
AO=Acta Orientalia.
ArO=Archlv prlentalnl.
ARW=Archiv Fur Religionswissenschaft.
ASI=Archaeolpglcal Survey of India.
ASI, NlS=dltto, New Inperlal Series.
ASI, AR-ditto, Annual reports.
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
( ^ )
A U D T e F D = A n k a r a Universitesi Pilve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi Dergisi.

BAH=Bibliotheca Arabico Hispana.
BASOR=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
Belleten=Belleten (ofTurkTarih Kurumu).
BFac.Ar.=Bulletln of the Faculty of Arts of the Egyptian University.
BEt. Or.=Butletln d'Etudes Orientales de I'lnstitut Francals de damas.
BGA=Bibliotheea Geographorum Arabicorum;
BlE=Bulletm de I'lnstitut d'Egypte.
BlFAO-BuUetln de I'lnstitut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale de Caire.
BRAH=:Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia de ESpana.
BSE=Borshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya (Large Soviet Encyclopaediai), Ist ed.
BSE^=the same, 2nd cd.
BSL(p)=BuUetin de la Societe de Linguistiguede Paris.
BSO (A)S=Bulletin of the School of Oriental (and Africari) Studies.
BTLV=BiJdragen tot de Taal, Land-en Volkenkunde (van Nederlandsch-Indie).
BZ^Byzantinische Zcitschrift.
COC=Cahlers de 1-Orient Contemporain. '
CT=Cahiers de Tunisie. : ;
EI ^=Encyx:lopaedia of Islam, 1st edition.
EIM=Epigraghia Indo-Moslcmica.
ERE=Ehcy(>lopaedia of Religions and Ethics. r .
GGA=Gottiger Gelehrte Anzeigen.
GMS=Gibb Memorial Series.
Gr. I. Ph.=Grundriss der Iranischen PhUologie,
IA=Isla:m Ansiklbpedisi.
IBLA=Revue de 1' Institut des Belles Lettres, Arabes, Tunis.
ICÎslamic Culture.
IFD=nahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi.
IH9=Indian Historical Quraterly.
I9=The Islamic Quarterly.
Isl.=Der Islam.
JA=Journal Asiatique.
JAfr. S=Joumal of the African Coeiety.
JAOS=Joumal of the American Oriental Society.
JAnthr.I=Joumal of the Anthropological Institute.
JBBRAS=JoumaI of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
JE=Jewish Encyclopaedia.
JESHO=Joumal of the Economic and Social Histoiyt of the Orient.
J(R)Num. S.=Journal of the (Royal) Numismatic Society.
JNES=Jouranal of Near Eastern Studies. ;;
JPak. HS.=Joumal of the Pakistan Historical Society.
JPHS=Joumal of the Punjab Historical Society. .
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
( ^ )
JQR=Jewish Quarterly Review.

JRAS=Joumal of the Royal Asiatle Society.
J(R) ASB=Joumal ind Proceedings of the (Royal) Asiatic Society of Bengal.
JRGeog. S.=Joumal of the Royal Geographical Society.
JSFO=Joumal de la Societe Ftnno-Ougrienne.
JSS=Joumal of Semitic Studies.
KCA=Korosi Csoma Archivum.
KS=Keleti Szemle (Oriental Review),
KSIE^Kratkie Soobshceniya Instituta Etnografiy (Short communications of the
Institute of Ethnography).
LE=Literatumaya Entsiklopediya(Literary Encyclopaedia).
MDOG=Mitteillungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft.
MDPV=MitteiIungen und Nachrichten des Deutschen Palastina-Vereinsv
MEA=MiddIe Eastern Affairs.
MEJ=MiddIe East Journal.
MFOB=MeIanges de la Faculte Orlentale de 1' Universite St. Joseph de Bejrrouth.
MGMN=Mitteilungen zur Geschichte der Medizin und Naturwissenschaften.
MGWJ=Mbnatsschrift fur die Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums;
MIDEO =Milanges de I'Instltut Dominicain d'Etudes Orientales du Caire.
MIE-Memoires de r Institut d'Egypte.
MIFAO=Memoires publics par les membres de 1'Institut Francais d'Archeologie
Orlentale du Caire.
MMAF=Memoires de la Mission Archeologique Francaise au Caire.
MMLi\=MadjaIIat al-Madjrna" al-IImial-'Arabii Damascus.
MO=Le monde Oriental.
MOG=Mitteilungen zur Osmanischen Geschichte.
MSE^Malaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya (Small Sovite Encyclopaedia).
MSFO:=Mcmoires dc la Societe Finno-Ougrienne.
MSL(P)=Memoires de la Societe Linguistique de Paris. r .
MSOS Afr.=MitteiIungen des Seminars fur Orientalische Sprachen, Afrikanische
Studien.
MSOS As.=MitteiIungen des Seminars fur Orentalisehe Sprachen^ Westasiatische
Studien.
MTM=MiIli Tetebbu'ler Medjmu'asi.
MW=Thc Muslim World.
NC=Numismatic chronicle.
NGw Gott.=Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wlssenschaften zu Gottingen.
OC=Oriens Christianus
OLZ=Orientalistische Literaturzietung.
OM=Oriente Moderno.
PEFQS=Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement,
Pet. Mitt.^Petermanns Mitteilungen.
QDAP=QuarterIy Statement of the Department of Antiquities of Palestine.
RAfr.=Revue Africaine.
RCEA= Repertoire Chronologique d'Epigraghie arabe.
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
(Rt)
REJ=Revue des Etudes Juives.

Rend. Lin.=Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Classe di scienze morali,
storiche e Mologiche.
REI=Revue des Etudes Islamiques.
RHE=Revuede I'Histoire des Religions.
RlMA=Revue de I'Instltut des Manuscrlts Arabes.
RMM=Revue Monde Musuknan.
RO^Rocznik Orientalistyczny.
ROC=Revuede 1" Orient Chretien.
ROl^Revuede 1'Orient Latin.
RSO=Rivista degll Studi Oriental!.
RT=Revue Tunislenne.
SBAk. Heid.=Sltzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akadekemie der Wlssenschaften.
SBAK. Wlen=Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wlssenschaften zu Wien.
SBBayr. Ak.=Sitzungsberichte der physixalisch-me Bayrischen Akademie der
Wlssenschaften.
SBPMS Erlg.- Sltzungsberlchte der dlzlnischen Sozietat in Erlangen.
SBPr. Ak. W.=Sitzungsberlchte der preusslschen Akademie der Wlssenschaften zu
Berlin.
SE=Sovetskaya Etnograflya (Soviet Ethnography).
SO=Sovetskoe Vostokovedenle (Soviet Orientalism).
Stud. Isl.-Studla Islamica.
S. Ya.=Sovetskoe Yazlkoznanie(Soviet Linguistics).
TBG-Tijdschrift van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen.
TD=Tarih Derglsl.
TIE=Trudl Instituta Etnografiy (Works of the Institute of Ethnograpgy).
TM=Turkiyat Mecmuasi.
TOEM/TTEM=Ta'rlkh-l 'Othmanl (Turk Ta'rlkhi) Endjumenl medjmi'asi.
Verh. AK. Amst.=Verhandelingen der Koninklljke Akademie van Wetenschappen to
Amsterdam.
Versl. Med. AK.Amst.=Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklljke Akademie van
Wetenschappen te Amsterdam.
VI=:Voprosl Istoriy (Historical Problems).
Wl=Die Welt des Islams.
Wl'n. s.=The same, new series.
Wiss. Veroff. DOG=Wlssenschaftliche Veroffentllchungen der Deutschen Orient-
Gesellschaft.
WZKM=Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes.
ZA=Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie.
ZATW=Zeitschrift fur die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.
ZDMG=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft.
ZDPV=Zeitschrlft des Deutschen Palastinaverelns.
ZGErdk. Birl.=Zeltschrift der Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde in Berlin.
ZS=Zeitschrlft fur Semitlstik.
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
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45RT;^ f4T;4t C 4 4 I ^j:^ wiw îlR^-^l4 t%Rrt 5(^4 The history of the Nizam Shahi Kings of
45RT?R I R s ^ R'STI4 t1^ if]^ >l^<P<ll%; 45f'!t^ 4 t 4 R 4 t Ahmadnagar, in Indian Antiquary, i c s ^ o - o ;(.;
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Contents
jprarg^ iQ<iiW5i ff% w^^n;^ i f w t w ^si^ S. Naflsi, 8 o - ^ ; (>s) ^ . H^^-b-; ( 8 ) ^n^-t
TttfU^^ # ^ ^ ^ ^ s ^ I t5P5g9f5 f%|5t > i H j ^ < f <)|'St>i>o|*j (^rf'tiiFi ib-/iS.<?fe>, (ff) spPTf^'^-'srPfsiH (^.
Blochet, Catalogue des manuscrits persans de la
blbliotheque Nationale, t , ' ' W f ? ^ iS^^b- >{., do
H t ^ ^ , % 2f.); ('b) W l f R ^ ^ - S I T T "SilW C^^^H
f|i?H Eldiguzid W I ^ ^ f l f 2 ^ - ' = T t ^ ' Q T r R (ff Ho-b-b/ i8o/iS6bi, (H) c<m ^5rr?rra, ^stmmtm,
iiHff-lr<5s)-| ^ ' ^ ^55=(^-'R T I ^ ' t f ? ^ (ff-Hi-S>o/ bH/iS'ffb- ^ . i i H , i o H , ^ô; ( b - ) f ^ - ^ ^
f^tmirs,-simi^-f^, iC^Siff/ib-Hb-, i"!, >0<to-^; (fe>)
S. Nafisi'^'%^-t-^^'n-'5[mH, s^8 t.); ^ Ch. Rleu Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts
lii^ ^^wr R'O'sicuttT ^ I ^ra^ in the British Museum, ^ = 1 ^ , i b - b - i -^t, ffcs-b-;
( i o ) ^'^'Î-ÎRR fîTTFm^, Sukhan wa sukhan-
t f e r a stlin>c., i^-b-HH CWlR
iffo/iiHi, ( i i ) Dh. Safa. ^^-t-îmR*lj|
^ t ^ , C^?lH iViSô, H8>S-<to; ( i A )A .
i<5IT # ^ % ^ 5 t ^ < ^ ^'it^sttfe^ ^ k i < j f ^ i ^ ^ f % t îia^t Munzawi, f ^ ^ f ^ - ^ ^ n ^ - ^ n f t t ^^Ra^, C W R
"^PTi^^w^ ^*iTTH < r ; ^ I ^ (?i'sf?5 o i ^ v i H ^5?;^ CT, J. T. P. de Bruljn (E.I.2, suppl.)/(?n8 cnmr-T -'\-mm
(^9i<ft i m ) ^ T m i ^ ^ ( g . ) -g?*! s i f ^ i r s t ^ (5.)

'tt^Ht? ^îf^ f^'TC^ 5W=f ^ ^ I
;grf?r?ra sksjj ' s t w ^ g ? K ^ <(.mm^ ^^wrc'TO ^
fijsfli^ >ixal<$.Ri (\>iic ^ ^ # c T
^ s t g f t m ^ s t f ? ! ! ^ ^ 1%t% <ij^ trar^ra ^^#CT ^ s i t ^ i "i^m srm^ ( 5 . ) - ^ ^ f t w ^Tfft ^^s?:?R 1 cmf^ ^^rftô
^sf^ôm ^ J W s f t f ^ ' f o ^'Rffi::^ wtsfftf^^ (Transcen-
l^-gpMWct 1%f^ ^ 5 1 ^ t 1 ^ ^ STTgiTtft ( 5 . ) - ^ W^^W
dental) w.f t^<1 f f % ^ ^5r^ (t^ ^ t^"?!-
ffwtwtw ^ <fRirw (^. ^ w m ' ^ t wmraft, ' W t f W l f t ^ 'Q ^\mC^ sifbW-!) ^^rf5>s ^ s T ^ ^TÎW?
tTv3t f ^ t m ^ , ^ ^r^TR. ?rmift ' s f m t ^ , <ihiw
(^3T5i^'^ (fH) I ^ - ' x r a R f vfi'^sR f^'Qinft^

(?ittn?t 2iwftf<^ w ? t ? # ? n "I'^'jit^W'i, ^ k R \ s
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'~^vj|i^<l ^ ^ 5 ^ ^ t f ^ ^ ^ W T . ^ o m r a >1<l=1\sl< "^mi
f%t5r ?Tfn;^ ^spfsisf - 3 ^ 1 totvos^ra f % f ^ ^ v s t ^ ^ t
^tm^TSfR ( g . ) ^ ' f ^ 5 t f ^ ^ P l C S t W 5 W t J f%C5tft

siRjI^vs ^ ^ c ^ (v5Ci.i/S6;!,) I
^% Or. 298, "?rt^^ i S o o m ^5{m Wi <R^\t^; Xaiw
(5.)-^ ^ ' ' f ^ ^ "spt^ 'st^sm twfg
5i<MR=il*i 1%f^ ' ' t ^ F m -sift (g.)-^ T^j^
m<rH-m ^swm îwtft fiff% ^ I^ s T s t f%f^
'sj.; (^) 'srrva^, Browne, 3T=nr.
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Contents
^ ^ . - ^ P t ^ iRRi.R'i) ^'alWl iI?f^^ 5#C4^ f i^<PiC^Htl<Q5rt 4 5 ^ 1 1^ 5 l | t 4 14 ( 1 ^ 4 1 4 1 ' ^ - ^ ee^/41#-'irf2t?r i i ' b S
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t4^%4 ^*m;4 454''#44 Ct4 ^ C 4 4 I e^b^/iiHO ^4R5T
t % 'SKf? R'dfbvs ^ ^ 5 4 l f 4 ^ I iflt^tW ^ < Q 4 T C 4 "iVm t t
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2|J1<]^4 45C44 I PlR^lJI 1%R StlRcvs. 11C44 C4, 4 M I ^ - ' ^ - % T R[R?n
414 1:4, ^ ffe CT4l4lf^ -sn:4J f 4 W i : 4 4 W f 4 % C ^ t t ^ 'srniOTll It445^ <>Rc>eC^'l l cmt^ 4]f^ 4 4 4
4 f ^ ^ 44^1314 ^ ^ 4 * 1 4 45f44l 4 1 % 4 5 % ^ I i^ 4 4 4 ^ 4 4 1 " ^
(bakji^â) t R 4 4 4 <>Rm'( ^ ^ ^ 4 ' ^ 4 1 ^ * 4 - ^ "it^su^ 45R^
t ^ 7n44> ' i r ^ c i l ^ ' g R 'sfl4 ^ # 4 f i r l I C4 ' ^ l ^ i|,4p|4
Z : ^ 4 1 ^ Cfif44 45C44 I i f l t ^ 1%t4 ^ t l ^ % 1 ? I R^pl 2 ^ 4
2 t f ^ % 4 4 4^54134 ^ I 5 % 5 ' 4 - 4 1 ^ 4l4'4lC4 'ST^^HTI?
R ^ 45C44 mi \sT5l4 ^r4^ a|R>41W "^Ti^lW 4 ^ 4 1 4 ^ X 4 ^ ( I
W 1 Wt?(45'545T4t4:'1^tX^4ft^45fW 1 t ^ ^ 4 X g Rf.'SlW
^H^'f-^fll 141^ ^ 5 1 ^ 4JRP4^ # 4 ^ 4
((J-brS)/iiS>0)
^ft^ 5m44't4,lhW lR<^lW5l 2f4I44iC4 ^ ^Rr4 I
f ^ R 4 l ^511144 Rcstc^ 'srTij^j ( ( f S > V i ^ o i ) T t f w ^
sn[r#t 8 l[4t4tf'14 R 4 ^ C4t4 I ^ sroRr -^^414 1 4
Rwllst^ 4lCt4 I
^ 4 l 4 4 n ; 4 ^ 4 l 4 t f 4 t e r 4 R4ra C4^ ^C44Sft4l 4 ^ 4 1 4 4 4
f%R bi/i^^ ''51144 ^ f 4 W 4 S l 4 flft4t^'^-^-T4-4
2WRr ^ ^ 4 ! ^ I ' S R i f J iiltf^ ' t 4 1 ^ - 4 T ^ T O ^ C454^ W
4t 'Stl5lh|\s.'3rRRr>t-'wr44 ( t ^ '3r?,*tRct4 f W . ^^14C41
2t4W ^ f ^ 4 K ^ I l i i t 'J'S'^'I'iC^'s) 4 1 4 l i i t ^ 4
^4145, 414TTf4 i S > * * ^ . , prfWf, 4ll4*r45, 5rlfR4, f^^R^
4 t % 'fici 8 ( i ) The Buwayhid djniasty of Baghdad,
iS.'i'b ^ . - ( 5 4 % 1 4 ) 41445 i]^ Rxfl^t >||f^\sj ^545^14 smi 45^44 I
^ f 5 I 4 4 ^ iS.'bS 4 t 4 ^ 4 R " ^ I $ , 4 s f t a l 4 2 t 4 # t ^ 4 ^ ; (i.) J .
^ vsrt^-.-^t'voiiPt^ (g.)-l H | v o l 4 l ^ ' 4 - 4 l < p - i i l 4 414r4(%5vs| |
C. Burgel, Die Hofkorres pondenz Adud al-
W4J14J 45414 4 412t*tT4C44 ^14^^ 4 % ( I a i l ? l f ^ ) - C 4 4
Dawla, Wiesbaden, 1965 %;('!)) C. E . Bosworth,
( ^ 4 J % r F t ' 5 [ p j - - ' r i f ^ - % f t ) ^ f R 4 i f t irB^-^^
Military Organisation under the Buyids of RRfg URiCvs 1%^ St^t4^ t4t5'4-^ ^ S t ^ I l I ^ ^ J 4 ? < ^ t45i*f
Persia and Iraq, Oriens-ia i b - - i S > f (iS.'bH ^.), 45C44 I i S F ^ I1R>C^ R ^ l R > i M I^R ' 1 ^ ^ 1 4 ^ : 1 ^
i S o - ' J u H ; ( 8 ) H. Busse, Chalif und Grosskonlg, Die ^'inTII'tJ 4541 ^ - 4 4 ^ o ^ - ' 5 f - f ^ f t f^'^-45r5l^'^-14^
Buyiden in Bagdad, 1968; [0Sf4'4l??r4 WCm ^ 1 4 f % 4lfftpo1 ^tt^l 5.), 4 ^ .
^44
CI. Cahen { E . I . 2 ) W r r C444 Landbei-g, Leiden i b - i y b '^.; '5iR45^ ^spmtll i o c ^ ^ % (H.
Masse-^ 4^41^ 4 W ^ ] 4 5 ^ ^^r44 1 1 ^ 5't4^ ^ f t f ^ l ^
îTn54ift e b - o / i o 415 i i b - H i4n?i4 ^fra^ 1 % t 4 4 5 4 1 ^Rx
t 4 4 t ^ l W lil'^ ' W t ^ iR'tllW ^ ^ 1 ^ I ftfirs 4 4 f ^
4 5 45C44 I ( ? f f W 4 M^'3;< s)Ml31R> aM??#4
^-'^5rtft4 lilt <lf44t4f^ 4 1 ^ # 4 ^ 41 H H

ft^ 45Rrt C4, 4 T 5 4 f H % , ^ - H ^ S l W ^ StTi5=1^| (de
slane, H. O. C , iv, v.->ii4,4i:^) Rrai4M5;45l4,
Wustenfeld 5 f ? ^ 4 , ^ 4 4 f llil'*H, 4lMÎ(:vo C4<3?rt ''ssm. (^.
2rtft4 2t45Tr5ft
4JfC4l445 ^gl^ftfe, ^5[^f444Wl445 ''^fft^,
iilWT?3Fl^, Houtsma, Recueil, ii, ' 5 f 4 ^ , 1.) I
SfWPt^ ' 4 T e p P l ^ i S ^ G J ^
1 C 4 t ^ 4 5 4 T 4 R ^ , 4<'H|5i5l<l> X3
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14'{|ia5l4
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Contents
4W^' 4m atc^ ^ 4 ^ R?ilc^'iCT,Ho<J-/io<!-

3flt3 4 f 4 ^ 5 1 ^ t l F s ' P h ^C44''R 1 ^ '3 ^ 5 t ^ l i R S ^ t ^
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fl4^1l|-4 iil4SR ^ f ^ I t W 4tf4^ 1 ^ 4 ^11444
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^5lf^4l^.'^4tf|511 4t5rt^ " I K ^ 4*f4T *I^4IM H H o / i O H i - ^
^sn^TFt^^t-T'ffR^- (i^,-'J. AOO-8<f) 1%C4R^^ TTtstt^-ll. 1%i4tHR4>H 4SC44 I 44^ (^. Sprenger, Oudh
14 (?) <J-S*\ R. v|l3'lH^5t .ilWlCslf catalogue, 45Rr^ iV<J-8 'J. 8o>!s-lr) ^ 5 t ^ ^ 'R
Hs.o/ioSi.i 4 ^ ^ f 4#?rn:i41 f^, t ^ ^^vs^n? tr^
ar^Tilt r ( i ) Brockelmann, i f , oi8-<j-, t!?f*!t i , ' j . ^4St44T 454 I Si.4/i<J^ *t^5ir#t4 Ct4 1 4 W S ^ f R ^ ' l i ^ - C ^ ^S
<?8V-{; ( ^ ) % 4 f # ^ , 4^ Hi<?; ( o ) H. O. G., iv, PP. t4T5"'i-^tlR4 )l*tlw 5SRp?i4 ' S I T I ^ I
iii-v; ( 8 ) Wustenfeld. Die Aka:demien der t 4 1 ^ ^ - % ? f 4 31lf^^j<>Sf 41^ fT^Wf f?mit^^t^ ' s r f i ^ S . ^
Araber, 4^'Js-s,; (<?) H. A. R. Gibb, ail-Barq al- 4514^511 45f44m^4ti:4l^ t 4 t 4 1|4 4S4 t4t4-t^'^
.Shami the history of Salatlin by the Katib Imad 4i4^l4 4SC44 ^ÎlW^'^fFS 4"T4l5l ^ 5 ^ ^ ' ^ 4 t C ^ I
'^"tf4W4 # 4 4 4 4 ^ '4414^ ^4114 C4 1 4 ^ '9414441 ^
al-Din at Isfahan!, WZKM-â lli (iS.<?v5 i^.), s>o-ii<j;
I M C c f ? $5454 Tfsrc^^ I4t ^ f W f l J ^ ' s r f ^
('b) J . Kraemer, P e r Sturz des Koriigreichs
4#m <lI^4lC6il f f * ^ % n % ^ ^ 4 1 4 )|^RjS:^-ll4s^- 5 C4 $C4 "if^ Ti?? < i f ^ 4J%C44 ^ ' 4 1 4 ^
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ffjtJ^f ^ 4 4 4 ^ îlPW"! i|=t44 4 # i r ^ 1 'srlg t41r44
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Contents
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1mm 414 C4, t % R ^5^4 44tr f^*TO4 "srm ' S f l ^ ^ f p f ' ^ T O ^5rt4-^[54f'84l4#l' (for a list of the ten
4sRrT 4 T 4 ^ 4R(;^4 1 K. Stolz [Der Diwan des chapter headings, 04^4 Munzawi, 8 f , ^Ji>H>8-Ji><f)
Imaduddin Faqih. WZKM-^sra xiix (i5>8^ %) 'J. its' ''5I1'Q<)lfiif'fff-^'^lR?l> 5 } ^ , 4 1 ^ - ^ "^Kt^ (^.
O i - H o l t 4 l C 4 4 fl4H^r5:"4 f 4 ^ ^ 4 T t ' W T J , ^ m i t M l Ho<^/ioo8-(^)-Y ' F t ? ^ 'sig^m l4i-47?'5i-t^4t4i-4 1545!^
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4541 ^ I ^%1T:44 4 " ^ 4R\slI^4 ^ '24fl'Sj4\Ci^4 4T:4J <i!^ \ R444f^ ^5ti%5^ ^ a(44Rrf(4 iR^t: 'sKra Rsf
^ 1 ^ t ^ 4 H , Oriental College Magazine, (^-b'f, 1?,'IT^ ^ 1 ! 4 ( ; 4 4 $tW?^ t^lf't '43[14# ^ÂSI'Oi'^'* <>R4l ^
(iH.^H.-0^ 'Sj.) -^tym ^ 4Rin5 3 f f l 4 4 l ^ 2t<PH 4SC44 I R 4 4 4 ^ 1R4VS4 '4144 ^Rillf^W^ I T. Ganjei,
^ I ^^4^5 4 T 4 R 41 ^ i f f ^ - T S - t ^^4^0 "4m, Tt^! The genesis and definition of a literary
^34^-iil4 ' S T p t ^ 4!5^ I H O i / i O O o - i ^ t ^ 4541 composition, the Dahnama (Ten love-letters),
I 4>R^t!^ ^sjvffp^ ^ft41?^'4tf *4-%f sp'Wf ^44 4 l ^ ' 4 - % f in IsL, xlvii (1971), 59-66.
444'^[^-<54 41W ^ V l f f ^ I t*,lC^ 4*ri^ ^514111:4 '41^ 444#f ^f1#'sRR;v5 ^41X44 45414^:
4jl^, l f ^ 4 J % , ' J ^ ^ , ^Wft, ^ 5 l 1 ^ - t - f ^ 4 M , tCvf, 4R'S ^513^4 " 4 4 ^ $^:.'0|<UlR l ^ s S CT^Qfe 4C4t
^Pi4-^5=4ft, C2fl445-C2tl4^ <3 4lTr^-?[T445W4 ^?14 4'l4f m^ % t srr5il4c<P4 -^cm m. i r g i ^ i ? 4 ( ^ ^t4R:^ i

5^411:1 1 Sti%f& ^4J1C4 '545 iiRS|%S I ^ e f s | 5 ( ^ 4 5 1 ^ ' f ? ^ 5451^ (Madjlis 4?, ôioo)- 'Si??!? Rrf^ ^^tc l i r a I
W t '^tyU^ I H. W. Duda 4 5 # ^ ARO, i s f . (iH.o8 'sj.),
^^^-^8-15 Imaduddin Faqih und die Futuwwa i<t'^ ^tôT^ 2(143 -îrsra (?fm44 4!:,4j t 4 ^ - T ^ '5n4ift
R4W ^ *RÎ<1 ^<34 ^4Jl4fS >l**1tRvs, ^^R^ <3 a|^lP^5 I
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t ^ 2fl4r8 ^ f t ^ $ % fl-e^mi ^lR>\|.i^-#f? % t ^ 4tW >P*ttf4 ^'e4l4-t ^414-^ " ^ " ^ - t fewt^, CSW.^ i 0 8 V /
^STfff l^f^pyraRpS ^ i f y ^ 15^X^5^^54^)451 ^511?;^ I R ^ ? 5 t iH.'bH., 414^ l l ^ - i i l "f^^ ^4t^-4m RtC4t4T4
4 3 4 ^ î?44 414 ^t4rsi-t-l4Nl4-t I l^f4 ^^^WCg WfB i545t& <)>R^l4^f*llfs ^JRI^T^R^ ^-flRwrs,
CSR:44 C4 ^pRf \i>l^>|ttH ^4lt^, >5t ^5t^ 'SIM ih'Vr %; (^) t S ^ ' J ^ 1Tl%flRl4 R44144 iSt4T
4^41154^ *5)^'Sr4, $1%4 Sft% ^5lC4 'o)>3^5> 1%^ *|gR<> Sir G. Ouseley, Biographical notices of Persian
4T:4J 4tf^ 45ft^pt4 ' 5 4 # 'St^ppsj i!i)t<.tC4 'JXtWiHt W poets, ib-8'! "J. iH.(}--ôo; ( o ) Sachau-Ethe,
^t4lC^ I CTtat ftfjrs CStf4^ ^ t ^ I W ? C 2 r 4 - 4 4 f l ^ -iStC Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts in the
1 ^ $4t3?4T5fl45 4^414^ 'fsSPltfes ^ 4 1 1 : 5 ( f . H . W . Duda, Bodleian library, i-4 f e , ib-b-> ;eols.
Ferhad und SchJrln, Prague i&>svs'^., ^5. Sibr-ioo, m : H V ; ( 8 ) TTfvsmft ''5rt4^'i-^545^5lf44,. Catalogue...,
Bankipore, Persian poets: Ferdausi to Hafiz,
t*t*tt5t Rflt<J>l4
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Contents
Oi
ifS^r i t s o v % '!.î<H-t>; ((}) Blochet, Catalogue des 544 n4Jtf%^ f 4 4 4 ^ 1 t f 4 ^ ^ liR^ 4 ^ 4 t41l^
manuscrlts persans de la Bibliotheque ^MM< 'srf^Rstft ^ I ' s p s g l l f%f4 4S.%r i&f%^4t4f4 iSt44^44
Nationale, 'IJtRl i S s ^ V of, 1. ^ i l - i V ; (b) H. W. 41141 m?^ f 4 ^ <StH4=1JlC4 ^ I 4 t ^ # 4 4 îRxIlt^'*
Duda, Ferhad und Schirin, Prague i t s o o ^C44 I îKI4 ^ 5 1 ^ <t>l4l4l^ % 4^141 Wt41 414 I WîC'^l f f 4
(1) i ^ (?tf^, in ArO, ( i t > 0 8 ^.), ^. (v)
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r^t#t 8 ( i ) 45-1114 1^l4pot, ^ f - t - 1 ^ l 4 ^ ,

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atîw %f^'5r-vi=ici>4 * f f ^ ? m % f % ? cfTf m^ c*m ^ T T f ( j ^ L o l ) S 'snPpF, 'ft4, 'ft4-'5t 1%4 4f!4Rft * f 4 ^

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VS8
v r t w I ^ P j ^ i ^ i^y^ ^ ^ w ^ TsiW'e tsrm ^

^prsf, m%^^[^, i ' ^ , ' t o t . , i.s t.; ( 8 ) wt^-?tPN "sm-
s i M l ^ ' 5 T - f^ g ^ , ^stmm i < l 8 1^., vs(?8, b ^ ; (vl>)

^^C5 'RrfsK 'St^^f ^ (iii'Sjiii' RîR'^T-^rRs^rt?,
îmt^, ^ - I t f ^ , ? f R R : ^ i v s c ^ 8 - i i (b-) ^ iPff,
^^t^ irc^ra '^Fpti^wf ^'Wei " ^ 1 ^ ^ t t f ^ i ^ '5?ra^ "^sn^ RiitJt^'5f-si'StVsiR,ti, c^'st, 8 8 J 'J.; (;) ^ n ^ , ^-sf^lKut,
( ? n ) ' s t ^ ^s^ti^tt^m atsm >iiTi? isn^? i't, 8 ^ ; ( i o ) ^ - ^ K H f ^ , - ^ p p f ^ ^5lR)ll^lt%'5l- f ^ ,
<cPi4'iî >>vbi. % 8 8 i ; ( i i ) ^rm f ^ n ^ ^ - t ^ rR,
^mim ^ st^m f t w ? tsrm-^ '^stnt' ^'nf^r f i t ^ ^fm ic^s8 R ; ( i : ^ ) D. Herbelot, Biblio-
Orientale, tTtl?^ i<\1S c^-^>l>; ( i ^ s )
s n m I ^Kicviî ^ ^ t 5 i i ?! ^ i i t w a w ^ mf^ Goldzlher, Vorlesungen, % \ri. t., :^vo t.; ( i s )
2 W f t -^c t t r a 1 ifli^t fiwc^tt (Jt) 2tr5i Macdonald, Development of Muslim Theology,
g . t ^ M . ; ( i ( ? ) E.I.2, C^'St, 8 ' \ - 8 ' \ 8 I
t^?TR ^5n% ?M 'I'tfr'ft t1^^ (^.^.^.)/5. Hiet^.liM ^
Pi's)C*Jl'5 ^ (Dr. Serajul Haque, Imam Ibn
Taimiya and his projects of Reform, Dacca
1982, pp. 100-01) i^''5iTXil^(.<p^]1*t^ CttC^RJ'ît^'s^Co t'JTsr ^ ^ t ^ i ^ i ^ i L , (.L,i) s ^TO?:<
? t c ? <i1%?rT ^ 5 1 ^ ^ ^ I t s t l t w t ^'W?Rt -sir^

^ i t l ' s i k ( ^ ) - ' i r a ^^Ri-Mwo ra 5?sRr
(?t) I ^ ^ t i s i ^ - s r r s ^ ^(ii(:vo\^c<^ li^tRR (?n)-iira *ti*.|iii\o
c*n^fttt ^ 5 n ^ w I iiR5f& voi^vgi^' 2 t 1 ^ ^ I
^ ^ f ^ 5ii'Q?n ' i j ^ ^ ^îWii B R j I R s | biR^Sfi ^sftrsra

st'tl'i^R:^ ^w<Ms?^ ?"io5rR (i*[^lR<)i ^R^' t st^^f ^ i >il*p<il^
( i < \ o b - - ( ? 8 '^.) f ^ f t r o 5^"'t?RrW 'SRJ >fl?sf5 >|SlPl<W

Î'l'îQiiJl, ^ ^ % i t c^PH-Q c ^ - Q ^ \mcRsi& ^^lPl1>l
^ C ^ " (^-îJllPl^, -SpHlTf, Sftî.J' j CîvSvS ipf^ ^?,'U^
^5n?It*JJRt ^ ^ S T f R t l ^ W.*^ ?!>St' t^%'=R et?^st (?nT
^5rw5 ^^tf^ ('f)-'^*f
(^5^^^5T-5J^ <n)T'5T.'isrt??T) fîf^c i t s f W p s ^ ^

Rnfhl ^?s?t^^WC^ W I ^ ^ t ^ ""^^ W d^lW^
^ [ s ^ "S^'M'! 'î^jij^ '^5n5i-f?5ft^'5T.'55rt^' s ^ ^ t ^ ?R?[t?
<ifîiic^'H ^ ^ f ^ tîPRm:^ CT, ^ M m atwm
(*i^^-5i, i o ) 1 ^pfipf T f H ! ^ t r >gRj ^jTîtf^^ a n r f i t 8 ( i ) W. Knighton, The private life of an
Eastern King together with Elihu's story,
%, ^. S.O t.; (^) G. A. Herklots, Islam in
India, '*\^-m -^^-t %.>\'^\i\-m ^S5ra# 'sfspr^f,
% , % i S ' b ; ( ) J. Fergusson, History of
^5tW5, >l>; ^ - s m r , v ^ l M h , O ' t , c^br, 'b'^, c^8; Indian and eastern architecture, ib-ji
ssstl^'?llR.'5T-?t^mt, ^swat i:^b^1^. cj.'t, i>l>o t . ) 1 bo(t; ( 8 ) (R'N f l ? ^-ptR '^rt^, Observations on the
a r ^ t i t T j f i f^!^ ar^R^ R w i * sf^t?^ Mussulmauns of India, ^ ' S ^ i b ^ A % , i ' ^ , ^ - { ; ( * )
H. G. Keene, Handbook of Lucknow, ^'Pi-^l^l ivne
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Contents
t4R4l4I^ Off
1. i o c ^ - o ; (^) J. H. T. Walsh, Histoiy of the 144141^ 4 4 1 5t41 fn35 lilt 414114 ( 3 , % W 4 - 2 f f e 1 ^

Murshidabad District, 1 4 i i s o c ^ -^^ ^. n^b-H i s M i t4l44T:l4 2tf% 1 ^ 2t4'*fc44t *1lt41 I lilt f 4 4 t 4 K J 5 4 ( 3 4 4
K. A. Nizami (E.1.2)/WKlMH *4)1<in=l ^tCT^s 1 4 4 5 f?f^-f?*ni C4V341 ^ l i t ; ^ ^ H J H J ^ [ i R r w ? ^ n i H
i44l4tr54'4' iiI4^ felW lilt 1451'4t4t4<3 l44l4r 45?n'54 I
^rW^ j (i_<.i) s 4f%r ^''srt t^tcsra
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sttfli^m ^ ' ' s n i g f t $ 4 1 w 4 i 4 (m<m t4i4W4 1. iil4^ A. Houtum Schindler, Eastern Persian
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'sj., 8:^0, D. M. Donaldson 4 5 ^ The Shiite
Religion, London 1933, 258-iil 1^ f%f4 lilt 4^ t4mt4l4 4411C54 *ICllf44 ftci4 1 1 4 ^ 'sm;^
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Contents
^5ii?5'cT-'i4i|i^cvHi Tf?in^t<lW5t Sim i g f t f w tîPral^K- 'I'^lf^'tl' CtMti:'=l4 lR?5 1 4 1 1 = 4 4 ^ S r f t 4 t 4 4 C 4 4f4<3 $ 4

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l 4 ' W % t l t 1 t X 5 4 t l 1 8 2 ( M l 4 1 7 : ^ 4 ^ C H ^ra^lC^M I i ^ 1 4 S f ^ l i t ' 8 ( i ) H ^ I - I T ^ n i - i r % 1)1-114414, ' $ ^ ' 4 -
2^34 1741 l l f C l ^ $7g1C41U <3 1411 IwttH 11% 145:11,1t. 1411 Haraccioglu 1309, 1314 i-(?i; (^) 114-
' i t f l H 4 1 ^ 1411 (a.) ' t r a i l H - l ^ t l W 'avl'1-tlt^*1-'$S1'11 114tli1,1wlf 1-^*11,111. H. Rltter, t ^ %;
(iS):^- % ) % 4 4 5 S t 7 : i l t l l l l ^ ' S tllifr 14444 l^fRf (o) 1H-1M'11%, 1l4-1l1'5*1-tl1lfl?%l, 1^. H. Rltter,
11^(^45^5141% 16^41414 C4 "ijl l 4 4 1 9 l l 4 % [ T ^ C1Q11775 I3t1*f t^Slfl iS)^.*--- 4D1I11 H. Brentjes, Die imama-
5jî1%1%45 ('S41 g . ) PKIMRSI^* i n t i n ^ t t m 2f%te tslehren im Islam nach der Darstellung des
litiHtg $114 4Pl4t $ 7 : ^ 1 454tAt4l211 24 %1%Rr 4 1 1 ^ Aschari, Berlin 1964; (a) W. Madelung Der
iflilCI 15^5173 H l l 4 l 2 1 C i s l l 4l1f 17:14 i f f 4 l f t ^ 1'tlW7754 Imam al-Qasim b. Ibrahim und die Glauben-
HVHtT^ 4 4 ? 1 4 4 # 4 l 7 ? r 4 Wt^tblH 1vllW7754 ' J l l t l l 4 l ^ <3 slehre der Zaiditen Berlin 1965.
isitis tmr5 i ? a ^ ^ 5 ; l % i - i ^ $2914t54tcM
t i l f l 1^541114tT 1<l<f<MM $ ^ Ftfl45Jl1 414111l (b) A J. Wensinck, Handbook, imam (s) 1
t p t " ^ HR<lf*' 4lfl4l211 H l / i O l 1^5t%4 ^154117:^ t l 1 % ^ W ^ - s r s D l 8 ( a ) t ^ D % I t ' l l , -14l4-1^'l-^5l'llR?11,
1^5411 I t l f ^ H l ^ ^ t m * ^ atl73 # ? 1 < 3 1 4 ^ 5 ^ 4 1 1=11. ^ . 5;1111 m - f ^ f t , 414731 i f e f f ^ f. I
12^ I t4l4l2^<l fbtl'aiH l^sj^st 4151245 1 ^ 114141^ 4 l l T 4 l ^lirfl I ' S l t l 8 (V-) A. J. Wensinck, The JVIuslim
f51l24'$2f1 4541 -54 $5l24 f|^S4l7754 ^ 1l4 t5,4lW ITtiTt '441 Creed, Cambridge 1932. I l l - 1 - l 4 t % ( 4 ) 1 4 % ^
541 liit^tw tm735173 4541 -^TTs 1124 1%1i 'îrm 21I1 1^541244 H i t 4Jl1It-l47:?l47:l4 2 ( 1 % f l l 4 ^ ^ 1?5tt54; (S>)
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1 % ^ 414 473 1 15^^1^1111114)4 2411%gt24tl4WllS? H.S. Nyberg, 411731 ife^(? %, I47?t4v5 {. isH-io;^; ( i i )
1^5411 4 ) 1 6 ^ 4 ) 4 ) 1 % ) (75)73 I ^'lIMt t l H ' ^ l l "^-ft ^5n4^'l-iStl<Ml4 111-1)11lT4f%, 111--5l-^%, ô 1., I ' ^ .
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'1l7:i4 f ^ ^5)514 1 t 1 ) % 2 1 4 lit' 1 l 414 1I44I Strothmann, Das Staatsrecht der Zaiditen
#141711 1 i5t 1^54124 t l t % ^ 24,1-l44t' 1 ^ 4 1 1 4 % f 2 ^ ^Sl5l Strassburg 1912.
>l.R!ii^l24 srsjlUll ^ 1^41211 '^1^1244 t m 1)41)1^ titfiîi'I'siti ( i 8 ) iii-^fii4%, im-$^'i liifi-ifft,
mtlRl 4 5 - l t i l 1 ^ 1 4 i % t l 4 J % t m * ^ t 3 14t1 l ^ l l t f t 1 f t . 1 ) ^ U l s i t a D l - 1 1 * p * d % , C554I1 i O V i 1^., i i .
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f % ^ ' l - ^ - ^ ; ( i f f ) i M - H f t J l ' l - -^rmX 1 M - 1 T ^ 1^*1- < l R t 4 l W , "CT 1 J 1 ^ ÎIHIW I f U C t SJÎ C I '^l<%C4

t m t , c w t i i v s o i f t ; ( i ^ b ) H i ^ t ? ^ ir--^-ft, ra>tHR 15.1 W I C 5 : m t ^ ! C I U l ^ ' H % 4 IfîCl 15.14C4,
^ : ^ I ^ I C 4 I f ^ K I t^1 4 f l ; H 4 C I u f e # t ^ sff%
iWDff R ; (i<H) W . M. Miller ( i g . ) , i m - 4 R [ ' l - ^ - T % I M H . . . C l f 4 l 1C4, ^ l l \B|5I<1 2t1% l 3 P 5 t C l f 4 l 1" ^t^l'IS? R'OQI^si
by.... t 4 5 ' l - ^ 1 5 ? [ R r m - l 5 " # , t w - l t W - t ^ F l f l ' l - m - R f t ? 1^577515i%ic^ I t m t 4 i '^stiHit ( ? ) - ' i r a
1=17:4 ^ i f R t i ^ - ' i i i
1775'51%1-1& i t l ^ H I
t m ' ^ f ^ n m spsim 'PTl^-ft i ^ s i t m s t f ^ f ^ ^ r ? ^ 5115 'il# (4t)-iira 1 ? 1113FC1 t m ^ - t i t i ( ^ . ffo/'b'io),
^stipi^ 8 ( i v ) i H - ^ ' m t ^ i ^tm, 1m ^ t l i l P i V ^ ^ f k , t m ^ - 1 1 1 1 ( ^ . ' b i / ' b v o ) t m i i i 5 ' i - * ^ i R % H m-m-i-t?
itt. I t . ôtfe, i J s ' D o '^.; ( i j ) - ^ p r w i t ^ i t # i t i - H w t i t ^ ^ - i r a i ( ^ . j8/<Hi^)-iira tmt^ liitlw
m - ^ , i m - i - T f l m ^ i - ' ^ f e t f , i = i t . I t . ^stfe, T T t l i { 4 - i S i f f f f 5 t 4 t ? R173 ^ 1 t 1'ait731 tltllirt $ 1 4 1 <141^ H i 1 1 ^ 8 1 1
'[., 8 i - 1 i ; ( ^ o ) W . Madelung. Das Imamat in der C 4 C 4 t m H e n c i t H 1 7 3 $ ^ $ 1 1 C 1 1 H1^ I t l t l 17:47
fruhen is'mailitischen Lehre in Isl., xxxvii WSUm C l l t C 1 4 I t l t 1 l 4 t $ 1 1 7 3 4 1 4 % I t l t l 17:47 t ^ ' l f
(1961)1 'ititRit ( g . ) n t ^ t c ^ c i i f 4 4 ur 1 lilt n i t i i t s s r a
I t M t W T t W 8 ( ^ i ) E . A. Salem, Political theory 4 l 4 S f 1 t 4 t 4 7 3 5 t m 4 l l 4 t f 1 l f 4 4573 I 1rt1%4 I w 5tC5 l 4 l S f
and institutions of the Khawarij, Baltimore 141734 C 4 4 4 t 1t4-t47t ( 5 . ) 1 i S t C 4 4 4 f l t ^44^ ' l 1 # ( 4 t )
1 9 5 6 , 1 % n 8<f i*(Tf?t (4t5tx5 ^1-511% gRatci); (^^) 5 t 7 7 5 ^ 4 4 ^ 'SPrt H 1 - ^ 4 f e l ( ^ . i W S S ) 1 4 % C 4 # 1 l i S t 4 C 4
A. de C. Molylinski, L Aqida des Abadhltes, in t m 4ll4r f t ^ 4 7 3 1 lilt C^P44t W ^ i t i - ^ t f w - i 7 : 4
Recueil de Memoires et de Textes public en 1 t 1 - 4 - l t T [ ' l - 1 t 3 | % 4 t ^ 1t2C% 1 7 3 4 C 4 I t W 4tl4-l447t
I'honneur du XIV^ Congrfes des Orientalistes, (<_ii.2l j ) 1t7:i l l 4 H I 4 4 4 1 t 5 f 7 7 l 4 1775 t m t ^ ^ 4 1 5 "Ît
Alger 1 9 0 5 . 1 t 1 - 4 t 1 s f - 1 1 4 S i t f l l t C*I4 5 t 4 f fertCl I i S t C444t^ ^ 5 4 4 ^ "Îf
m t N n t s n t î^tm i t [ f % i l ^ i t ^ r 8 (^) h . a . r . 1 t 1 - 4 t 1 W - 1 - i i r a 1 4 1<C*t4 t i t C I I 1 t 1 1 7 3 4 I C l H l f l ^ l C ^ I

Gibb, Some considerations in the Sunni theory C^'C^ 11414 t m ^ ^ t l - ' i s f f s f l - i i j l 1 4 ^ s T ^
of the Caliphate, in Archives d'Histoire du Droit i t ^ - i i i 7 : 4 t m iRrat f l 4 t 4 4 C 4 1 mmn t m i i # l 4 i - r (^5.

oriental, ill ( 1 9 3 9 ) , 4 0 1 - 1 0 ; ( ^ 8 ) M. H. Kerr, ^ O I S / l r i V ) - C 4 ^ 1 t 4 f l 4 t f l l t s i W I t I t m 1 1 ^ l 4 1 - t 4
Islamic reform, the political and legal theories t 4 t W l 7 3 4 1 4 5 4 4 ^ I t l - ^ - H t l H l - ' l t 1 4 l f t l i R l ' Q H l t H l I
of Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida, i t m 111-5:t1t1 I t l - l t l ^ t H l t 4 l % 4 4 7 3 4 1 4 C 4 ^ C 4 ^
Berkeley 1 9 6 6 , ftms ffnîm i i5ft'fl<l(.4 t m 4 l l 4 1 "ft444 4>S4 I I ^ l % ^ l f l 4 H l - 4 t 1 1 t % t U l l I t
(^ff) tilft m ^ s (^to) H. Gorbln, Hlstoire de la $ 1 1 7 3 4 l l W t v ^ C5liT15 C V > ^ 4 H H i $ 7 : 9 1 4 9 4 1 0 ^ 4 8 ( i )

Philosophic islamlque, Paris 1 9 6 4 , i 5 3 - 1 0 9 . 4 l ! v | P t 4 i l ; (*L) '55'l'^lR4j|; (IS) 4 t l 4 - l 4 4 7 t ; ( 8 ) I t e f l I T t ; ( f f )
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1 5 . H. Corbin in Trilogie Ismaelienne, (Ts^^t? (^) I T I 4 t 4 1 1 t 1 - 4 t 1 % , f 4 ^ ' l - 4 t 4 t ' S t l t ' ^ - ' S t f t l , ITtlll
issibi ''f., 8<f, i*m?i; (^Si) 9mm fenft 'q<3 ^ - ( ^ o ) m . iVSsSs % , 1 4 4 ^ ; (IS) 'lt4l1-4-lf54111-4t1-1t%,ltl-4444,
G. S. Hodgson, The Order of Assassins, The 44473t i i s ^ V H., ill., ISIR-ff8; (8) Itl-llXî^l^, I t l - H l t l
Hague 1 9 5 5 , 1 6 0 - 7 5 . '3411-^5:11, ^411731 i i s i l H., i i ,Aib-; (ff) 1 t 1 - ^ ^ ,
W. Madelung ( E . 1 . 2 ) / l t w l 4 C^tm 1 t i 5 - ^ f l T P I v 5 , ^ I 4 7 3 t i i s ^ i H.; (vb) t i l 5;-T4l; 1 I 1 - f 4 5 1 - t 1 ,
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8i
W I S 5 t i 7 s 'A'^'s i f fen s t i 7 4 4 1 iv^'b iVOi 1 1 7 1 4 'Jj C4 41117417&4 1 4 1 1 7 1 H f l T I 1 1 7 ^ i f f i

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Contents
''sroRj W F 'Stmt ^ '5Hj9tc^ ( j ) ^ ? r i l T T m s t ^
f ^ > t ^ ^smr ?JT ' i i ^ ' f f^t^ iR<^'< t?r tsneit sttit^ 'SfRf ^ 'i^ra? ^ l^f^'f, ^
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^ ( w * TPrca t ? M i^?n i R I . Grammar of the Arabic Langtaage, ib-S8
S; W. Wright, Grammar o f the Arabic
Language, C?#sf,iS.ei M, % ; ( f ) Max Th.
^-liRT C T O I t ' l W ' ^ R t I ^SR*tJ lilt (?r, t ^ l W ? : C<PR u!Rsf& Gruriert, Die Imala, der Umlaut imArabischen,
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umlautes im Afabischen, Mitt. a. d. Samml. d.
Pap. Erzh. Rainer- -a i% (t>>-^\; (io) J. Barth A.
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Fischer, Ursemit, e, etc., Zeitschr. der Deutsch. immsiti i s i f i fif^fe 4ift?ii^ ( 2 4 t f e W

Morg. Gesellsch-*il j. (tKb'o^^^s b<\y, ( i i ) Ghr. fw?ll2^-l Prokesch Texler, ii)t R l 2 ? Korte,- Mitt,
Sarauw. Die altarablsche Dia: lektspaltung, des Deutsch. Arch. Iristituts, <iic1l C!,8 1. ias>b--8oS>);
Zeitschr. f. Assyr- (flîf, vsi-SJ*; (i^!,) A. Schaade, . .iite1i2^ 3l5jgi2i 1^ iiHi! R m C5141 A V H ipg^ms ^
Sibawaihi's Lautlehre, 1 ^ iJii j. Texier i <ilt 4 f % 1 ^ (W3I imir#lt25l3 ^ f H m Leo III
the Insaurian-'iRr.<l'Stv^<Ml Jûsim 5t?ltil1 liHl t%fl
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Contents
t4%4 (t8 t4%4
snwi ffti TOT fSai ctife % r I '^spTfiii 2ng^4S4t^t^ (Oktay Aslanapa, Pottery and kilns
^H53%?|41C4T t ^ l t f4*Hl (Otto-Dom J. .ô-O'ffl, from the Iznik excavations J . ^8o--b) 1 i'Ô'Jj 'Q
left's, J. V i i , mf 'Js/o-i'l; "fm, J. 'J3i-,#3I ff^-<l) I t ^ f t4%1--<a ^ 111^ si^ (Otter, Voyage en
n w i % 1 - < 5 v p stt%f|\5 < t | f l e i ( g . Djandarli) i ^ 1 Turquie, i i , 8 8 ) , t l f t 5 l l H r a f 4 ^ < 3 5^41414 1 1 ^ 114
im ^^jft^ 1%f^ n W ; i ^lf% %I173 -^-Tslt ^m m ^ C4, ^jsit44t t 4 % 1 - W t l l f 4 l kutahya-C5 - s f i i t
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cm ^ 1 ft'Sit i m H , Otto-Dorn t l M >I^<MC<I ti14#f4^ 1 R 4 I 4 i S R I atC5T 5 l 1 l t 4 l H l I
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4?rat f ^ 1 ^ - 1 5 4 ^ Otto-Dom, J. oo-ff, 1?, Î, ^ - f f ; ( ) t l . 15. ^ I , o ^ ' S - f f ; ( o ) t ? . 15. Î,
j. i ^ , i t ? % i i > - ^ o ) I sn^-^ c K i f i i ^ t ^ iîfi'Vi) 8 e ^ - 8 ; ( 8 ) Busbecq, Epistolae. ed. Plantin i f f b - e
aR*ilc^ l i R ? t5t4 f t l t ItlS? i f g f 'a %f ? i c ^ 5tH 1t?IT 1311 oi; (e) Grelot, Relation nouveUe d'un Voyage
^ g i f e r s , Otto-Dorn, J. t?,fl5, J. i o - i e , m ^ a Constantinople, J. 8(f-<\; (b) H ' s t l l T CbCl%,
î-.^) I <5t f m R f ^ t l f e s p j e ^ ^ 1C*)T 1 t f r t 1 4 l W t 4ift I1HI5"I4IC4, 1 , H-io; (s) n1%4 C5C1%, i S f l ^ t ^ , J. 'Js'Jj^ 1.;
i g f t H t Î's i i H s Clt*imt? jfllfS (Complex) W âif? (br) Paul Lucas, Voyage dans la Grece, I'Asie
c t t ? ^ iftifB ^m (ftut^) itit I stiarM Mineure etc., H 1 % m i 5 T l i S i S i i , ^(t-li.; (s>)
m?t14tW4 ^ 14t ^ 5 1 % Rfl i ^ o 4,ira I M #1ls Pococke, Description of the East, ^ l , i'î-o;
% n ( ' i W i ^ ' l ' ^ - b-ii/i8i>o) I # 5 t ^ <5l1tai %HW(i5, ( i o ) Sestini, Voyage dans la Grece asiatique,
cf'smT^Ts^ m 1?[c*t4 'a ti^'fiH<(>s= f i ' ^ ci'sml^ 4 j # s 1 T # 4 i S b r i s ^t-, 1- î-^p; ( i i ) v. Hammer, Umbhck
atrat # ^ 5^41 f^tmci (Otto-Dom J. oi>-8b-, 1?.f^,

auf einer Reise von Constantinopel nach
i'Js-iV, m % ^ o ) I b - l / i 8 l : > m ^ C l 4 H c i 1 W i > 1 / i f f 1 Bmssa, C l % ivib- sf., % s>i-iê; (^k) ^ C I H , Gesch
1^51%! tii % i t 4 % i - - < 5 [f%f^ c i t ii?st<i*ifii4 itrjf% d. Osm. Reiches, i i , i o i - b r ; (io) Kinneir, Joumey
m ^ t ^ i R n t i f&fi?n ?it?nci, 5'T# 5:1511 ^ - t i i i through Asia Minor, J. ô-i; ( i 8 ) ^ - n n l l % 4 ,
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8-e) I von Osten Denkwurdigkeiten und Erinnerugen
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iis'b'Js 1timi 1^4îlC411C1 S R l H ^ ^t?itCl Voyage de lAsie Mineure, J. O'ii-88; ( i s ) Texier,
CI, ' S l U f S i ^ "PlC'l'Gli I H g u ' (Miletus ware) t l % 1 ' - ' 5 Descr. de I'asie Mineure, i i , 0 0 - f f b r ; ( i b r ) Ausland
I ilt 11]g41. I l l (5C5l I I H ^ i f e 5 t (51 1855, ^. btr^ 1.; (ii>) 1t14t1t-t 't4t'4tlfl1l4, i ^ l , 8 i 8 - ' i i ;
% 1 - ^ , 'S c i % flf%g I t H t ^ 1 4 t "^t^ (Oktay ( ^ o ) v. d. Goltz. Anatolische Ausfluge, ^. 8o'ii-8ff;
Aslanapa, Turkische Fliesen und keramik in (î) ' S l ^ n i H l T I l , Iznlkte Sultan Orhan Imaret
Anatolien, 1. is.f^, 8-ffb-, 1t4% Camii Kazisi, in Sanat Tarihi Yilligi, t s T f l ii>'Js8
1H1) 1 1 " ^ iifeal 2ltci ftlt H H H n i c a i i iil4 mt's J. i'Js-oi; (^;j,) 1^ C l U , Turkische Fliesen und
<M<i<M<viB^ i i 3 i t i lilt H i 4i?if4 lugipngi^^ ^ Keramik in Anatolien, t ^ l ^ iis-toff % ; (ô)
it#siitw H I i H i i C14 rî%i--iim >iit 1^1iti4ci C l U , Pottery and kilns from the Iznik
^,1M1\5C4 Arthur Lane s t U ^ f%lf& f C l excavations, in Forechungen zur Kunst Asiens
iRltHjn (Later Islamic Pottery^ 1 ^ t-, 1- in Memorian Kurt Erdmann, ^ ^ 1 % >>h1o J.
8o-<bo; c m , The Ottoman Pottery of Lznik, Ars 8 o - i 8 ' b ; ( ^ 8 ) " I t l a ^ ^ 5 ^ , The Mosque in Early
Orientalis- ii|, .^1, ^ f f 8 - b - i ) 1 Instil l C l ftlt sfl1 Ottoman Architecture, ft1lCll I ' S l iis^bb- (^ff)
iHjFUîci s f i t g i i i 5 3 , it3?f 1 8 1 5 i > i / i < M *rr%4 ciiHci Kathrina Otto-Dom, Das islainische Iznik, 4 l f ^
>iii? i o i / i - b i 1^51^ s t u f i c i H I S -^tmHi I 'raiUfitei iS>8i (5^'b) Views and plaus in Pococke, de
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General Otto Llman von Sanders-'iR Mô^ m^ ^ft? C^sRSnt (Somerset Arthur Gough-
atl^H Îil5p F^*Pf'îlW i h i I Calthorpe)-iii? wo? tf^?R PiVWIl
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an t44t H i t
l i t i t n i ] ^ = f l i t %n3 i r a i i is.ô-ira 4 ^ H i t 8 ( i ) Denkwurdigkeiten des Marschalls

fero
HOT HH's ^ - ^ w i mm ^ IzzetPascha, 15.'S 1=41. Karl Klinghardt, Leipa-
SFTim - S R ^ H l l O T I lHM-in3T5H4 1T?4t4H zig 1927; (^) Ibnulemin, M. K. Inal, Osmanlf
i s t r m i i f i c<rf%#i c(4=f 4 4 ! I f%f i t m tsifci devrinde son sadrazamlar, Istanbul 1940-1953,
CW{ 4 W t C 4 4 S t f e R f e l f t f f e lll4l<l i34? # 3 4 fasc. 13, 1973-2028, consisting largely (to p.
C4^4T4TO4C45 4 T f 4 t % f4#4f 4 % ' 9 4T4t f4T4 4SC44, 4 4 ? . 2 0 0 1 ) of Izzets, autobiographical sketch
4 4 4 t 3 ^ 5 K i W 4 W 1t?444t3 IT'^'l 1 7 4 4 i^lt 11114 C 4 , undertaken a Inals request; ( ) Mushir Ahmed
l T 4 R H t l X 4 4 514441 1T4m-'il4 ( 3 ^ % 4 i f i u l l 'J474J4 Izzet Pashanin Khatirati, in Aksham (Istanbul)
i34? ^ 4 T f t % f445C^<3 1175 s r m i l f l 5 ^ 4 1 1^1141 i f e ^ b - - ^ itsC^b-; (8) ^ 4 4 1 H 1 1 4 t p J . , 4 7 4 1 4 ^-14114
't^l^ll'oW # 3 4 i C I '=IH4^ ^QC'o 11^1 tw^ l f % f l1%f4f411 imH5-(14 1 # 5 irsFl114, t^lfl, 1^1141 )>hb(t I
14tll4 2 R ? H fWt'tJt4 1414 1 4 7 1 C 4 itsCî. 1 7 4 4 1 t 5 1174 (ff)Ferox Ahmad, The Young Turks... 1908
t44l H I T <3 #T514 15lt(744745 iflt tfe!Ff%7 t?Fl|C1 #1441 1914, Oxford 1969; {b) W.E.D. Allen and P.
4 % i:4<34T C4, # 1 ^ t^?r|1 C45f47475 1 4 4 @ l i t % 1 7 4 Muratoff, Caucasian Battlefields, Cambridge
(3T1114 45741, f % f 4 451111 H 1 T 4 f l H ' J ^ C#iart1 H t i T ''344tf 1953; (<^) (Mustafa Kemal Ataturk), Buyuk
e t f e f F f % 4 1 4 T l f t l T 4 45744 4 f t 4 4 ? # f 4 ( 1 T 4 C#14444lt%4 Ghazinin khatiralarindan sahifeler, first
1^51 C M 4145I44T frSC4 4714 C4, ^fC47l4 4144 Ht%74 Published in the Newspapers Hakimiyet-i
l i t 1 ^ CTTimi 4sf44T714 I ^441 H i t itsC^Cl 1 7 4 4 4 7 * ^ 4 Mllliye (Ankara) and Milliyet (Istanbul), 13
I t C I ^51"T744 1 4 H 4 H 5 7 4 4 ^ ' g ^ 1 W ' f t 4 H ? T 4 5 l 1 % 1 4 I March\12 April 1926, also French tr. by Jean
'tl41 l i l l S R H t l K J W \S $E511T C1172(1l45 t ^ R * Deny (R^fevue des Etudes Islamiques, 1927) and
% 1 4 I ' $ 1 - 4 T % lTlf445 4T^Stt4l%1 1^434 f l c ^ T I T l T various Turkish editions by Falih Rifki Atay;
H 4 7 4 W i : i 4 14T1 ^<m 1 ^ 4 T 4 i T l R l iSTTtTft' (b-) C 1 1 4 Nutuk, 1927 (1934 ed., ii, 5 3 - 1 2 4
Pomiankowski {p.38) itsiS 1744 4 4 1 171 t i l t passim); (&) Tevfik Biyiklioglu et al., Turk
H114 HTTT744 4 W 7 1 # 1 ^ 1 ^ W 4 J 4S744 8 # ^ 4 4T4T4 istiklal harbi 1 Mondros mutarekesi ve
1 P T 4 -^Î^T? 174f,Yg 4 1 4 1 ^ t1t4 4=74 C 4 , fell ifI1<St1 tatbikati, Ankara 1962 (an official history
M 4 T 7 l H n ^ ^ l f % ^ ' S l f 4 4 i34? 1 4 7 4 4 1^45113! C41H published by Genelkurmay Baskanligi Harb
4515431 H l f l l C n t l t # 1 1 7 4 1^TT744 H 3 I # C 1 4 Tarihi Dairesi); ( i o ) C 1 l 4 Ataturk Anadoluda
(damals der einzige tuchtige turkische 1919-1921, i, Ankara 1959; ( i i ) R. H. Davison,
Heeresfuhrer angeschen) 1 #f%^ 1 ^ ^ -ÎT #15T4 Turkish diplomacy from Mudros to Lausanne,
41tlt445 -3 ^ f B t 4 # 4 s ' e H 4 % I 4 1 1 4 H - G I l 414 I # f f % f 4 H # 4 4 in G. Craig and F. Gilbert (ed.) The Diplomats
i m f l 4 m & 4 # 4 5 C l t H 1541 4 5 I 4 7 5 4 1 mm ^ H C4, # f 4 1 9 1 9 - 1 9 3 9 , Princeton 1 9 5 3 , 172-209; (ic^)
igi^ ;iiio ^ mf445 ijpf ^ sri 4 5 # 4 T # C 1 1 4 4 1 Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz, Denkwu-
4TîS4#45 'Q m # 4 u n t i l \3C41t74 ^ ^ 4 t H ^ l t H l I rdigkeiten, Berlin 1929, 170.312SF; (13) J. C.
C I T i l 14451744 ^t#5tl41, 3FlT44f% -3 '24741*145 IFE^ 5T744 Hurewitz. Diplomacy in the Nêar and Middle
11474 Hgrsfl *4?714 l ^ f t l - ^ t H l l I 1 1 # T H 1 7 4 # ^ 4 i f t i East, Princeton 1956, ii, 3 6 f. ( W texl of the
i g 4 l ^ 4 4 4 7 4 # f 4 C i t l H l l ^ ' ^ ' f H T 4 5 4 ^Qc 4 m Mudros armistice); ( I 8 ) Ismet Inonii, Inoilunun
4 7 4 1 l i t i i R ? f l 4 1 t ' S I T T l i m i ! ? 451474 HT%4ll4 Hatiralari, ed, Sabahattin Selek, Istaiibul 1969,
m ^ & l t l T 4l1vt74 I T I 1 7 1 4 1 4 1 4 # 1 4 # ^ 4 *}714 l 1 # o ^541 1, 8 7 ff.; ( i f f ) Muharrem Mazlum',(Iskora),
1 4 J 7 4 4 1 H J 4 l f 4 7 C4741 ^1. l u f f c 15T744 ^ Erkamharbiye mektebi (harp akad,emisi)
1?7H4744 # r a 7 4 t 1 1 ^ 14T ^ 1 #1514 4 T S ^ 4 # 1 4 4 1 tarihi, Istanbul 1930, 2 0 9 ; ( i ^ ) G. Jaschke
111 \s l i s f ? 1 1 1 ^ lf44Ta 4l4ll45T410T4 #15174 t ^ f e t l l ^ Beitrage zur Geschichte des kampfes der "rVrkei
\3 ^ # 4 4 f 4 7 4 T % 7 4 4 1 C 4 J H l i 4 j f e 7 ^ H l l ^ l ! 4 4 l % T (34? 1%f4 umihre Unabhangigkeit, in Wl, ns., v. (1957),
4 4 1 t 1 H f -3 1t11ll474l5t714 14n ' l 4 1 t U 4 1 4 1147 11< 1-64; ( i ' ^ ) C 1 1 4 Turk Kurtulus savasi lie '|iîli
^ 4 T % 1 1 I " ^ I - I T ^ 1 t g T 7 ^ ^"^m #^1411 l i W l Ingiliz belgeleri, Ankara 1971; ( i b - ) M. LarcheX,
# 4 1 7 4 t u r H I T ^54^ 4Sf|7a4 1 % 4 t ^ l f C I f l 4 ' J 7 5 1 4 1 4 La guerre turque dans la guerre jnondial, Paris
# 1 7 l l H l 1741 I 1926; ( i S i ) Josef Pomiankowsi, Der ZusammeS-
tlH% #874r4
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Contents
nbruch des ottomanischen Reiches, Leipzig 1 % 4 1 4 l t 4 lfijilHWH (lilt 1"171 f4i1117115414 ^ 5. A .

1928; ( ^ o ) D. A. Rustow, The Army and the H. Tanpinar, xlx, Asir Turk Edebiyati Tarihi,
founding of the Turkish Republic, in World t^lll iS'ff'Ji %, (t^, flu b ) 1 ^p4ra ^ - 1 1 1 7 ^ 4 W T o R t fell
PoUtics. xi{1959), 513-52; (^b) Glen W. Swanson, b^'S'ii/blrô 1 1 7 1 4 M I W H f l fepjs ^t4l1|C14 I 4 l 4 ^ - 1 1 1 7 0 4
Mahmud Shewket Pasha and the German 44lHKlR 4Cl5 1 1 4 fell C 4 l f 4 4 l 4 R-^'lflô ^ (145; 1 7 4 414 mm
Military Mission to Turkey, in War, Technology 2I1144 1 4 1 -54 (b^'S'ii/blrCô), 11 # 1 ^ ^ W 4 7 1 4 1741 iil11|31
and Society in the Middle East, ed. M. Yapp # ^ 4 l l i ^ 12141131 't44lt l f e 7 4 l 4 ^ fell I 1lf 4 1 % 1
(London 1973); (^^) Charles V.F. Townshed, My l4Hllil fell #1514 l^^fm 2 M ? 1 1 (14?. 1 3 F 7 4 4 2tfe
campaign in Mesopotamia, London 1920, ch. C 1 t 4 l 7 4 l 1 1 4 1 4 2 t 7 1 1 4 C4t4 l f 4 C 11741 lit I (flt ll472(1%U5
xx; (^) All Turkgeldi, Mondros ve Mudanya # 1 5 1 4 4 l 5 i i l 4 # 17*fr1 CS145t (0Sf'Q74, ^ S l D l , b ^ l , b<\-^
mutarkeleri, Ankara 1948; ( ^ 8 ) Ulrich $ ^ ) 1S4 i f 1 7 ^ ?475f4 C14 %im l t 4 1 4 l 4 1 % t fell
Trumpener, Germany and the Ottoman, Empire, T4?. cgi^ # 1 4 1 1 7 4 4 (Rodosto) 1ll5lff i M l l - ' f l llllfl
1914-1918, Princeton 1968; (cê) All Fuad ^ C 1 4 I C l t l t 7 4 1%1l 2fra (11 4 6 1 4 ( b ^ l r - S . / i V ^ - 8 ) I I ^ R
Turkgeldi, Gorup isittiklerlm^, Ankara 1951; J>ra*llHw*l iI4? i 9 t l l 7 4 4l1l4lt fell t514 CS^ 1 4 1 1 1 f 4 5 4 l
(^'ii) Manfred W. Wenner, Modern Yemen, im (Mihnet Kashan) 4 5 1 1 i f 4 4 1 % 1 l i ^ 4411 $ %
1918-1966, Baltimore 1967, 47ff. ni1l4 I t H ill's fell'IJ^ ^-MTa? iit4^ 4 4 H 1 1 ^
D.A. Rustow and G.W.Swanson (E.1.2)/^|1ist tm 4I1 4 t l l f 1 l l 4 l l 4 4 l 1514 Rl5 > i l 4 H 1 1 % f l 1 T ^

14 fefl ^gi1C44 I4455 # M C 1 S f l i l 4>Q<1|4 ^ 1*1T11
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(bôo/i'\b-(?-i^8(?/ilrî5>) l i R S ^ f#f i R , t ^ f f C I 'SfÎ, t^m^-ill C11 cm 15l44lt 54 lit I fell 141I*C4 1^
'iPum 55:NIK I ' l f l ^ ' - i f R t p ! I c<p|Ri)l (Konya) 5 t c mm ( b ^ 8 i / i 1 y ^ * ) (54 1 7 4 t^mi ( b ^ 8 V i S > ^ ' ! s ) - ' i l 4 H f l (14?.
lir^Rt $^11% ^ t l l H l ( i l l v ( T o t i m CTitm ( T o p r a k ^1414141 ( 1 ^ 1%11)-'14 l f 4 l i l (inspector)
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fm n iRrn n f ) A t ^ i i ^ M ^ c i r m ^ $ i w t % C4t441141 1 l 4 l lilt 1 l ^ 4 ^ 4 4 ^ 1i1l 54; C 1 4 4 1

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ir^ 1l1li-iii C M I 4R<1H #l5tC)>filliisetm 1 C 4 1 1 1 l 4 l t 4 - i i I 4 C4441*11^ (Treasurer of the Defterdar)
1l^ l f l H l ' l t T 1 4 l 1 % 111*1 W i # 4 1 iT'tm SToln H71 lillH =4141 131 (Layiha) 4 5 H 1 7 4 1 iil4^ fell 1 ^
t44l ^ ' ^ 4 1 1 7 5 4 154? #15141^ 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 l ) ^ # f 1 l 1 l 5 1 1 4 nH-iill H 4 1 7 1 ^ p T l 7 4 4 I4l5 C H 1 C 4 4 I 2WD174
4t1^ 1^ln%11 $ W l t 4 T C 4 1 I l i l t 1 1 4 7 4 ' H l l 1 7 1 4 lPl<p| tin 4 1 ^ i f t t H ^ l t 4 C 1 H , t 5 l 7 n3t fell l R ' l 4

t t 7 r a 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 I 4 I i f i t 1 1 ? 1 15141ll4gj-'%1$ # 4 7 4 4 4'=fH l l 4 4 l 7 1 4 I ^ iRbtm 1 4 1 C 1 1 *l?lb1l 4 7 5 1 ^ 4 l l 4 4
1I5 if|#f 1^171 ?44l7n4 SflC i t n 414 'f|4?.1%f4 1 1 4 1 fell t ^ liltHHTn I 14#4 ini-51 t 5 j 7 1 ]
1^515^11 l f 4 4 1 4 1 l ^ 1744 I C i t 1 4 1 1 iRf^RjC^ ^ 5 t 4 1 linH a i f e - ^ M " * (countermemorial) [reddiyye]

4 ^ I S l H ^ t C H t O o H l iiI4?. t 5 l 5 t 7 Î5ICP C H I lt44l H 4 1 i^ ' s f t n s r s j i i m iRm C 4 i lim? c i t 1 7 1 t 4 4 i 7 i
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?srTO ^5[1%s[!;^ CJjt ^S^m#R5 stK#t^ *TÎR? ?#t^
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TOî \s ?TOt 1 igw 1 ^ -^Pf ^MfisR st<^ ^c^^s Istanbul-iil? af^fRR ^Ttf^ f?.st^ ^rtf^ ff'gW'f
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%, g. FTET.; (-b) in^ft^t aR?ii lA-cs g.; ( i )
mi >i|<ltlW W K t g ^ ?<fl? ^'^ IJVO<llWJ5 ^ âftPt I A. H. T a n pinar, XIX, Asir T u r k Edebiyati
%?LVO i g ^ S R T r t > s ^ ^-tf^-T?^ ^ IIJ^R mi (Tit ^-tf^s-R Tarihi2 iS-s-b %, iS f.;.(v) Hammer-
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(fto^rtsmPl ^l. t^sll^t i^>!5<t fl.); (8) f ^ - ^ - ^ H R (5^CI^, F u a d P a s c h a s , Vater u n d d e s s e n Tristia, Leipzig
T h e sufferers ^^KR ^<1? C#?s ?T^TO 1863.
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-Q "srt^n^ 5pl^'^?tt, 1?1%j| t^mws (secular) C'KItnft nnamen, in ZDMG, cx (1961), 43-54 (Flugel and
? j f e t t (?sf%, Rcvfl'î, f 5 f % , 5 T ^ , s m t f t ) 2 j f f % I ^ypq?- Kramers ô#m? ^'if^ i^flJTO ^^jiRm^m);
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t? ^ f t f t l ^ f^b^viw ^ r a ^ T R s f r s i#rt ^rani i H. Busse {E.I.2)/5R?TO
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Ersch and Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopaedic CT1^ ^ '*4)ii?ic^5) TO ?5rai?, -îwra
der Wissenschaften, und Kunste, ^, ^s?1
( ) F. Babinger, Schejch Bedr ed-Din, der Sohn ^ 0 5 1 : ^ t r o TOt# ^sfi^^fiRiTO'itîft I
des Richters von Simaw, in Isl., xi (1921), 20, n.
3; (8) J. H. Kramers, Les noms musulmans
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jLJiVlj j l L i j J I j ) , ^ ^ i W t i&ff'^ A. Dietrich,
Diemit ad-din zusammengesetzten Persone- >iRs15 ^ t l R ^ R s M ^ I m % ^ csftgcsi "HWM îra
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fiWwti i?i lio^t i ^ 0 > A ) ; ^vWiHt (,8) Rvmdfunk vmd Femsehen, Hamburg 1964; ( 8 ) G.
l i R ^ t t # , ^t)?ifi H s ^ i r t t ^fitfeHmm (i,'^) i*5f, im A. Coddling jr., Broadcasting without barriers,
io Hlis ii4? C4H $im4 <?m iRit wHit# mm UNESCO 1959; (ff) BBC Yearbook (now
2f5t4imT"54 I Handbook), London (annually from 1928); (b)
fiw*f ^^c citl f s f ^ M iHiH T j t i ^ Rfm #^1!:^ BBC Monitoring Service daily digest of World
^ 'Q-^ 5mi#i ^s, iRR'f m\ i m i ?jj I t t % broadcasts 1939-1947 and Summary of world
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('i) N. Barbour, Broadcasting to the Arab World,
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%Mt?1'^ %M t^ m-fl^
(8btr/>>o'\<t-<tS'i>/>>>>sh), HR msi (?)-? H ( i ) 44T73 W H 5 . ( i ) Brocklemann, I,
(94? S S s O / i i o o l t d C1W t?"3T' 5ftf5 8(t(t-b S I, ' b o o - ; ^ ; (;^) M. Talbi, Biographies

154 Hlfl 4 4 3 4 ; im Hdl atUt ?-"t%l-f44 H ^ 1t^ aghlabides extraites des Madarik du Cadi lyad,
feSRi iSs'bV (fi-V; (vs) l[^t11, t?"1f'1-It1tf'^-
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1 111^ 1Ji4l ' S i n 4^74 I 1?t4 >9t 14t1f H i '^lltft 1 1 7 ^ 8 i - 8 ; (lb) A. Merad, Abd al-Mu'min a la conquete
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t m t i T <1i
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I m ^M^, 4T=f ^êfg ( j ^ ) 7[f|v5 f^Tit?! Jahrhundert, Bon 1967; (:;,) B. Lewis. Race and
(B. Wensinck) lltm ifeH % < It^ggH iH: color in Islam, New York 1971.
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(race)-4 4 t 4 l l 4 l f l 1 ^ , 0405^ t 5 j 4 0 ^ f l 3 W F ^ 5 1 I kanakis, Altsabalsche Texte 1, Sitzungsb. Akad.
t 5 t ^ f l f l 04, 4 t f t 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 15J044 4 ? 1 f S t ^ ( ' ^ i f ^ , 5 . Wiss, Wien, 106/2, Vienna 1927, 123-4; (^)
4l1t4)-4 f l S W l l 4 f (9t 1 v ^ H 0 4 1 1 i f t 04, 1 1 # 4 Hamdani, Sifa, 96; (^s) Admiralty, Naval
^ 4 1 # f ^ O I H40t404t 414 l f 4 I 4 0 ^ f 4 W l Intelligence Division, Western Arabia and the
4l?t044 4 l f 4 1 1 1 t O t t?l4l 0 4 % i H f l f l l I 415141 I g l W Red Sea (London), 1946; ( 8 ) C. Landberg,
^ WT104 1^ l f 4 0 1104 I t , 415141111-1%5:- 9m), Arabica IV, V, Leiden 1897-98; (ff) 0114, Etudes
41115:14- ( ^ A ^ iflflJt) 1?1044 l T l t 1 % 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 151044 WZ sur les dialectes de I'Arabie meridionale 11:
1 ^ l f % ^ H t t 4 15ltOt "^ I H % 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 4 0 4 Datinah, Leiden 1905-13 i
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Die Stellung der Negers in des islamisch- t i n f44tf5 -54 1 C l t H ^ 4jf%^ Cj,ts8/tso(b-1 H I 1 1 3 1144
arabischen Gesellschaft bis zum XVI.
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Contents
m-t3fitl% 18
fW4 ^ tfei4 ij^ im;Hm%m' n?-?n m-t?^n% t<f^>Stl* (g. H ^ t ? T t )
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M. Ullmann, Untersuchungen zur Ragazpoesie,
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(Q H % ? t
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i b r i ; ( 8 ) T. I--ewicki, Etudes ibadites nord- ?H ?5t?j u t i H ? ^ 5t?ic^ ( t ? t ? ?ife3Fii5t?? g.
africaines, i i 1?-1, Tasmiya suyuh Gabal Nafusa $111^ l l l - l ^ ? l R t 6 5 1 1 ^ (S t?1 f 1?H, Rf?, i S b - ) I .(9t
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<m (94? ^^354 ^ i i i m ^ T : ? ? w t H w t?tw4 1 % ^ i r a 1 ^fg;?, ( S i , 4447?1 m , f?., f l l ^ ; ( i 8 ) fl? t i j ' l - Wl(Sft,
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So-b-'^cj.; (Jsi) (^ C l U , Chronography, 1^. Budge, 1S4 Wensinck, Handworterbuch des Islam, 214 ff.=
itso;;. f l 4 ^ ; ( i o ) i& c i H , Chronicon syriacum, Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, i'lii 1. 1 R<l^fi3c^
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t l 1 1 % flStC114
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. tl>ilfigjl'^ Ct1??5) 7^ csjRB ^ I clcm'0=115C<f

( V ) I. Friedlaender, Die Chadhlrle- gende und der t^TTfroit tlflwf^l ((g(tw?s C?sMTO), ?stM ?STt!CTt ^ v W ^
Alexanderroman, 1. s.^bJs t.; (S>) H. Speyer, Die tifRt TftW vslRsf^M) ^ -S^va m%. 2tMf*t?s <I7WI? l^-iWll
bibischen Erzahlungen Im Qoran, 425 i (Ra^ (^^ftfew) tfert*t ?sTO t? 2fR1^ 2ni:fffr^
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t3T1 t?T1
Hlfk t r n l f t l T t
S (b) ^ ^ J H (94? 1 4 4 R 'ni3T% l ^ m i e U llR i T H f f l , H o l t l t H l
4lK'%3 R<alR^Rm nf-a-m s(i)
S.J. Shaw. The Clf5T5f5lci 4tftl CICHIcSf^H HSfl f ^ l l t l f ^ I
financial and administrative organization and ( i ) ^sTff^ 8 t H C I ? l i n M b t a i ? CltflWT T S
development of Ottoman Egypt, 1517-1798, R r a t f i s t ^ i w t c i (fltltci CI, t?t7 f i f t ^ c # ; l # t i i n
Princeton- New Jersey 1962, 283-315; (^) (^ C l l l , f l H l ( f l H l t l 1?11 (fit C1C11 H*ft11 (91? H 1 H H
Ottoman Egypt in the age of the French ' i m - f l f l 1H51 W f f i H H s T H f ^ , H H ( 9 t C I C H
Revolution, Cambridge- Massachusetts l f ^ c f - l f % 1 41^%ft1H11 H f l I I H f l C I $^--11 f i c i ?
1964,152-3; (^s) (^ cm. The Budget of Ottoman u s t ^ T t H J l ^ t ^ t l f ^ ( # I H ? ^111lt11? 4tfl fSTffe
Egypt, 1005-1006/1596-1597, The Hague and I t H M^fIlf, ( 9 t 11HH 1 ^ $5.1^ ^ 1%t t n c ^ s i 1*1]
Paris 1968, 13-14, 202-5; ( s ) ^ ^ ^ . H.A.R. Gibb f ^ S t i t f t I f l ^ ( 9 t ^ . 1 % (91?1% f % < f fl#4l1ffl ^gsftfti
and Harold Bowen, Islamic society and the 111 ^C C1CH1C5flH H C I lf?f5 ( 9 t c n l ^ C I Cl'?#f?lH1
West. I vol. in 2, I'QI fR? R$%^ i S > f f o - f f i , i i . , 411 i#5nci tH n f f m ? I
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Uzuncarsili, Osmanli devletinin saray flt1 $?tt H H I Clf5r#tC1 t H l ' H H f t t H l 11(611%
teskilati, I t s i m i ii^se v5S>i; C l U , Osmanli H C I i f l f S fit1 ijtn3c4'a f g f ^ R?ilc^ 1 f%^ (fltsfi H^t-a
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(5 1C, I t S i r a r iSiS'Jj-e'Jj ^^f, C!,1, b-i-cs,; ( b - ) L . Fekete. ClltCI 1%W l R < i f ? If1115H I R H 4Hft 5 t H C l 1 ( 9 t
Die Siyaqat-Schrift in der Turkischen ^ ^ ^ i H o ltT:? 4t1 H4H"aHC'a 4 f l f l 5 t H c i i
Finanzverwaltung, ^.l, ?|1TC1% ii^ffff '[.,. i i . , 1 8 1.; H ' s l R l 1 ^ 1 t lfl=1T?Cl-C11tC1 H 3 J (to f l f l f l 5 m , $ ^ ? c l
(S>) Uriel Heyd, Ottoman documents on c i i t c i OOO f i R i f i 5 i i I (fit ^ 1 1 3 1 H 1 H 1 ( f n t i m (9HC1
Palestine, 1552-1615, W I C I I ih^bo 114n., f l f ^ l C l , (ltltC4t f l ^ -a -^ptl 1 % 1 1HC1? 4HC?? 411
T18n., i ^ ( 5 - 8 ; ( i o ) Omer Lutfi Barkan, i o b - S > - HC11 1 131C43 i f f i i 5 i f t t H i r i , i t m i W T
i o v o ( i ' j j ' j j J s - i ' j j i o ) Mah yilina ait bir butcesi ve c i f - i R i ? c H i r H % m ^ t i H U H 4fin i ^ 5t?iici mx
ek'leri, in Istanbul Universitesi Iktisat - 4CH5f% C l f - H H I H -a 1?CH1 ^ 1 1 ( S i s i ? t H c l i (fRsfici
Fakultesi Mecmuasi, xvii (Ekim 1955- J I - D H 1 f f l -a 1 H J 1 ! ^ ( 9 1 ? 1 1 l f l C l $ t 5 CICHlcSflHâ
Temmuz 1956), cs.cs.ff-vsovs; ( i i ) ( cm, i o i o - i o i i f l ^ CICHlcSfiH (9t 1411^ ft1 I t H f b % s - ^ n i I C I C4lf5?
( i ' j j ' j j o - i ' b ' b i ) , Tarihli Osmanli butcesi ve bir H ^ s i i i t ? t H c i t H e n 3FnHC(5i H^-tIRh(.<p
mukayese, in Istanbul Universitesi, Iktisat W g t i H l C i m |V|1'11C1-(91 1 1 5 ^|1^:0H11 ^C
Fakultesi Mecmuasi xvii, v 5 o 8 - v 5 b - , f i c l w \5;!,8, $ ^ (ilf^tH 1 W (91? 11?lf5 l f % 1 - ^ l -^tc t? I H H H
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f i l T I t c i , I T ? i l l 1 ^ 3 5t?T 11f1 3R5lt $11t1C?? 1lC1 c i i i t ? t c i i i^ff i i ? i i t e H i f f o f i c n f i S t c ? ? f i ^ n , t ? t 3151
1*3111??? ( ? t e , l R l 1(? ^ fi51?) I $1111? '|?t 1 1 # ? , n m i % ? c H ? H ^ c 9msn (9?i cii5 h ? i % ? i f s n c i ?
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^ 1 ^ 4 , t ? t i cicitic5li?t ?tc c? msi st?t1t ?? f?t H f l ^ ( 3 H 1 ?tc C ^ H f f l 1 W c i d ? , i f l f t d 4 3 ^
1]^ a|?1,1t??t(S?l 1 ] ^ $ ^ , ClltJ|? 1i?t11 IC?, ?f5 m - ^ | 1 1 H i t C l H t l t C S I V o H H I U S H 4t? 8bo ^ d l f l & l ? 1 ( i t
?lt?l? i t l s i t l l i i i c ? t ?1t?tci, w?
i ITTSF? etc?l 1 1 i j i t n i ^ i i c ? ( 9 i f i c i n i - ' ^ I I T ? i i f i H 113C1 t?ic4? i t H s (9??.
(9??. f?1(Si11 I 1tfl 11111C? 'Sl?l*tI?J^ I C ? I H i e ? 1 1 ? f H 1 m - ^ g H ? H l i H ?tc H C H I l f ? H f ^ ^ (3 "f?t-(9?
H I , '1?11, ^ ( H f l H? C?% I C ? ? f l H 1 1 ? ? 1 1 H ( 8 ^ I t S R l ) i ? ? i f l ? n c ^Hc? (511 t i i f i f ? ? i ? c s i f f i ? ( j s o f e i t f i ^ r ?
(9?? i c l i i f ? 'ci? i f i ; t H ^ (9it?i f c ? (9?? tf^t^tei? i M 3 i ? f l ( i t ^ ltc4? H ^15, $?J? f ^ n i l r
H f i 1 ? . 3 m 1 1 1 T t ? # ? $ 1 C ? 1?IH f ? C l ? 1 C 4 1 C H 1 f l ? t C 1 4 I
2 i i f i 41H c?f% I i f ? e i w 1C1 H H 2tc?mi c i , i t g f i i
f C l t d ? i j l l o ^ ^ C $1111C?? H i l l $ ^ H 3 f ? ? 1 1 ^ I C l H i m C111C1 H f i ? i t ? f l l , R s f H i l i s f i ? ^ 5 i f f 3??
1C41 c ? ^ ^ i j < H 1 $ i m ? f 5 m c i CTcHiclJtviÎ^t ?H m , m - $ ^ ? t i ? -^c cit?>i? i f ? H H f i H H 11HIH U d , H f i
t ? i ^ 2 f t 5 j (Q t? $i5i5ichci? i n cit-Hlî^ i c i ? H^SH H t g t 1 5 1 % (9?l$?tC1? $ 1 1 % H g ? ^ C , H ? H i
(9?5l5 stt(t1 1 1 , ?1?tC (9H1 t t C H11t15[ft Hf^tTSfJ? ?tc I l i t e m ? ^ l 4 H I f l l H ? ? ^ - t i ? t f t , T J S F T N ,
C H I t e H I l l l i f H o ?ft?llc^, -^HC? 'ft? I H ? ? C?111(8 H f ^ H ? H H 1 , H f i l , H?? * t l 1 , H ? ? H ? 1 1 ? , H ? ? P 1 - 1 l f i l , H??
I H ? ??1 l f ? H I t c i I 1H 111 f l ^ 1%1C1(8 ?lftel H H f H (9??%1 ( N i l ) I

?tH'^11C35l C1l15 c? f ? f ^ 1 1 3 C 1 f?(!? f l l 1?t? i f l i m ?'=fH 4 H 1
i m f C l M f ^ i i l C ' t ? ? 5 H ? t H l 8 ^ i f l l 1HT[C1 t?lC1? i f l H e n Hi-fmBFtit Cj. ii8-ff) I i?r? c l e i t ^ 1 ^
c i t - 1 1 (3 1%? H l l ? 1 f ? ? ? 1 1 ^ ? T i t ? l , f l ^ , f ^ H I t (9??. i^[?lft t ? R i ? (9if5 ( j s t e l t l i i H51 f l l , $ ? l f l l (9if5 4eFfi
^ H ^%4i 2t?c^ i t d i f s ? t H n I ? H i mm t m ( t ? P % I ) , ?l(5t*t# f l l H I H e i I H S j C1l15 l ? f 5 1 1 3 C 1 ( f (3?t3,
c i i f 5 1 ^ i i c i t ^ H i H ? t c ? I m - ^ [ i p ? t % ? IC t m II?? (9. ?. f H ) f?^ f l l , d t s f l ? 4*111 4*111 3 ? ? (-551, (9. ?.
(91t1t?t U l R c H , t ? l 15ff mm, H t f l l C I ? C I t P i C I lf?f5 i t f l H ) f l l m - f i t , 111-HiH, ( 3 ? t f i , HIH1, ^ H i (3
(9?i1tf%t?31t?H~Q?l, i f l H f l l c H ^ t f ^ l (3 $ ^ Hlfilr3 i l i t ? H I c i e i ? (fit c? f ? i l c i H i ? t ? i e i 1H 11? (9i15
(StH f?Hi I t?t? ?4tt 4*111 Riiit<p c i g i R h fifi, H f i f?iei? i t H e ? H e 4 ( 3 i j 4 f i ^ i e ? h 1 c i t c ? H ( i t i T f i ?
(1%1!i? (S H i ) (9?l ?n5f*tl% 4 3 s H , 1 ? H ? t ^ * t l % 1C4? C I , c i i f 5 , 1 3 cfTci? ie?T? i i 3 i f 5 i f ? l ^ f f i H e ^ s if
1 H ( 3 fH f?11lC? ?'=fH ?s1??tC^ I lt 1tf?f]1 ^ft% ?tC H J ^ f l l (9?? Cit'SfH $?t? H I ?? H 8 H 1 H H t H # 1 I # 1 ?
t?tft $ 1 # ? J 41?H C H l - ( : t # ^ R l H l l 1 C ? 1 H s ? H ( i i ? M ) 4?ei? I d i?ie?iei? R ^ # i (iit%gf,
t m i i i H 41H n ? ? f c i M R w i i <)itsic<I R ^ c i c H i c 5 f i ? t c i (9. ?. t ^ ^ ) H11?1 t ? l f t H i m i f S f ^ . ? ? (9???1t?111T
<|lftC1 I l a i n t?lC1? $ ^ S 3 ( 9 ? ? f i f t H f ? C ^ f l f f l l Clt"sfl t l H l - 1 ? l t f H I I m - 5 , 4 1 ^ n l % , C 1 - 1 1 1 H I ,(9ttC?
i s 3 (Sti5l?l (g.)-? ot(s!(^-* f l l 1 (9ic? # 1 1 ? ^ t ? t d ? $ ^ ifsit $ e ^ 1 l f ? ? l e i f l 8 11(3H1,:311^?11, ? 1 ? 1 t f l # t , f ? ? f H ? ,
fll (ol3<l(of 1l1? 1131 (9??. f ? t # ? ? ^ fl-(9? 1 1 1 - 1 f ( 3 H ; 1 1 ? 1 1 % - H ? 1 t 4 , H?31<1?, 3 l 1 ? l t l R , m 1 1 ,
I t l t H $1C?? mm I C I H I ?tc i f ^ l - I I ^ C I % i l N C ? H 3t?l?5? (3 i l i - H ? a i ( 3 ? t H 11^ l H d l f S : i l i t R ? 1 4 W ? 5 ?
C S H g f l ? l f | H ( 9 H l t *(f?H n ? t - i i ? , i i i - i t f i f i ? i r , ? t e t i i e i H H i f i f ? i i e l ? (9if5 1111^ i H H ?
H l - f l H (9?? H H ? i f ^ l ? 1131 ?f?H 1 4 1 ? ?? I l f 1 ? i s R 4 f 1 ? , H s n e i ? $ 1 ? iie?ifi H s i H i ? , , f i i F ? i ? (9??
113C1 t ? l 4*(t1 t m t H C I ? 1ir?f ?(o4H % f f 3 C?H ? ! ^ ?5? I

l ^ p n f t t f l l , C? l f % C l 3 t ^ - ' l f ? l C ? ? I t l # s l *(f?H 11?(3 c i R c?ii d i d ? d H ?tc *ftf? f C i t c i ? ? ^ ; i^*rt?i
1t1Clf?^fll 1 I H H ? 1 1?IH $e?I1 3>[??lt^'l CT, H | % H ' f S l H I f?111?H1?
,TIIL% R'Jiem
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Contents
t m
m 4#5, $PTtm^ Hi I t'sild #'ikt!.<Ki%, % ^^b), îi^s direction of P. Vidal de la Blache and L. Gallois,
ii-ic5i Hi m i m^tcnâ "ife Hi I im immToTci Paris 1929; (ii) W . I . I t l - H H I , 5^timt ^1?lfl?Itf1-
ilic C1C1 H t im, H i >m?ifsfe5#i5 i ^ i 5 tnc^m. t?tfl-t%t?It (3?tl-tlf1lH?Tt (3?tl- ?tHl??It, i!,? 11.
41 i?cgt n^î 'J#fj % t I Ligue des Etats arabes 1961; ( ) S. H. Longrigg,
t%i i?,iji i j i ^ i ^ (iMti) m%. ?mti H ife D C 4 ? Iraq, 11 i>S.ev %; (8) y. Sarkis, ItltH? t?lHmit, i i ,
c?W H I P H I I iicii ^caiciTU. c5fin-'im cmi (tîm itnti is.8v (.; (a) ?t#H, Hsfit, Hitn f?t ^%ii
f i H t ) , <iiiRiC'i3 sisimcn (nHi), î? l t ^ (It) iiis.tiii 4?^15^C5<1 4 l l l t ; (b) Iraq and the Persian Gulf,
iitu (?t)-i it^m, iti-%m *i?imcm, mift wiHracfra m%. September 1944, Geographical Handbook
mtîm s?iticii, fitc t?it%5i (m)-m if^^cs? 'itt' ifmi Series of the Naval Intelligence Division,
H c i c i fit. H i t (Q itiHcn Hf^ 51111 < 3 i t # - i m Oxford 1944.
fB^rfRiici? itm I t ? t C 1 ? ^4tftl I t c i ? t1HC1? W H 5. (1) M. Besnerl,
ft5m-im?m 111%!? i^'l C4 Hii% lit n*ttRtc? Lexique de geographie ancienne, Paris 1914;
1 C 1 $H ?? t?t 1 ? , ^ I t i^, ^tiit*tt?ci? itiHi # 1 1 (3 ^pHi i H ^ l ? W H ^ $%R 4?îi^c5? 4 i i l t 5. mi ( V )
i t < R i ^ 1 ? îci? ^ ^ 5 ^ nn? nftit? iH^citc?? lit I G. Le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern
c? 41R itcitw Hi? m iic?t u?if-?H3fj, ItH i??^? Caliphate, 2nd ed., Cambridge 1930; (S.) îl.
4c?t^t%? >S?JTH?, fH c3#f HifeiHcitlii $,itici? ic*(j
iti-t?ii fi'i-it?itfi-?i%it, itnti is>es> <{. I 'im?
? 5 1 l ? ^ 41R 4?m $ s i H^l ( i o ) 1t(S?lHfI%,
s ititUT, c i ^ ( Q 1 1 5 1 , Hn? if??t it^? I iîtu, iR (s 1C?lCltfillCl?lm ^^?lfe'l-1t?1, m . von Mzik, Leipzig 1926 ( ? i t l
ctwr 'ci? (Sesame)-iil? ^cfl icillf n It^sit Hai^H, i^'bo ^.), 1. iîi 1.; ( i i ) t ? i t4?ti1?f??, 1.
im I ?n t%stt B?jtH? cTOi cHtim c?, ?i?t5tc.1iH?3r, ff-iff; ( i ^ ) Yakubi-Wiet, 4ff., 449 ff., 132 ff.. 16ff.;
t?1t1 Il1t (lH5^), (flt^lH <3, %1<l>(^ (litharge) ? 1 t % ( i ) t ? 5 1 - 1 t f t ? , {. <b, iM3i 1.; ( i 8 ) Ibn Rusta-Wiet,
^t I 'ir4rt( im^s ?wt% ^t cititi ItH, tc?tci& <3 104-8, 120-1, 189-91, 202, 208. 210, 212-6; ( i f f )
c^m H ^ I c? i%Hi'8?^1< ?tH^f3g?i iiiit Hi ci^ I fimt,fttl1-1t?tW(SH filt1tf1-flt?t, l i t . De Goeje,
i t i H W G Hm mSt (m?.H3? ?i?itcii Hi, 1 1 ? linH a?j 1ltC1 i V V S > ( . , % i V f f , .:îM3-1, .^^^ff, .^^^1, .:^ff 1.; ( i M a )
Hi ? I wit iisci itg? <iici? ^ H itiist wnSm îpm, fim 'irsfttHi-itit^tHi-imit, nt. von Mzik,
$iiim 4 ^ 1 R 1 T C I $,i^ 5t r1i1? nci? ^ Hut Hi, HtlHl i & o '^t., f . '^v, o , J s ' b - i i V 1.; ( i i ) 1t1^, 1^.
<3?iti ( l i i i t H m I t c i ? $,itii 'ssi'^l^'f Hi) c?ftim ?m 1911 Pellat, f. i V S > , . : ^ ^ V - & , c?.ff,c?.S>-8o, C^lo, S>b^; ( i V )
il^sfi^5?itH? f i t tc?li?# ^?fci? Hiti m i itifm t i t i f t , H t . i9i. Hi. i m ^ 111-111%%, it?r?t iJs'bi %
% (tb-^y, ( i f e ) tllH^m, Kramers-Wiet, 225-40;
i I ? H t 1 - $ ^ ?3 (31 4fc? ^ Hut % I I
i i - f f ; ( ^ i ) ltl-1tfm 111-11111%,
itiîfc? ific cici, isffjci? 5 1 H 1 c i m i t?m5ci ( ^ o ) 5<'t'nt%, %
1%1?111t1->il? fHit, H I . Salmon, HfHl i S . o 8 %, D-;
i?D icin itiHi ^Hftct c?% cifmtficii I 'tH?t
(^^) tl%#-Jaubert, ^ 1 . , i8^-V, iffff-'b^; (^) "55%
cnH? clT:itfii iHm, cn?T%? #?i iHitci itH (1t?1% ?tc), R>^Hl wfltlwt, H I . M. Hadj-Sadok,
411C5? ic^ i?1^ I H H c^HilHcii CI, 1 1 H Hi CICI? I l l
B. Et. Or., xxi. ItHÎ ih-bV % % i'bV-s., c^8S., c^ff8-ff,
imt-itHcsn? ^ I im (fit itH? 's?^^^ 1?i?Hci i?tf?i ^S>i; (ifi) Hf, 5'Wt5'l ^gilH, ^[1 1?. i o i ' b / i & f f i , 81,
m,i? 'Hm ?5j??t ir^cii? ic5f cif%?tHcii iti-'sifFtit, HH s.-ff; (^ff) t i l ^11??, 1^. M. Gaudefroy-
8f/ioi ici (fit ??C5m ?5im irs fiit i # i iRitHcn 1 Demombynes, HlHl iS.SS.-'bff % ^8o-bV; {i,b)
Hstit 1 % 1 ^ fH Hfmtcii, "tH itc? $i, i%? $sftci ^3 ir5I%%, ItlU'l-Hltl ( H I . Wustenfeld, Kosmogra-
(OIIJTO H ? ? B ? 1 1 ^ CItHt Citit 51t51 l1?CCl 1 tilt 1 ? ^ phie, ii), Gottingen 1848, % i v v - s . i , côc^-o, côff-cô,
cititci if??t C11C1 unci I t c i , itnti 3^c ? ( 8 ? i i t -ît im ^ f f - 8 i , i.8d-b, ^dH-bi ^btr-Ho, ^1S>-Vff, C^&V-fe,
It 1 % it?tim ?? I (fit H I ii?i^m 1 C 1 c? citiciti ?? o i , v S o - f f , o V - S > , i o - i i , i 8 - f f , i ( b , ^ o - C ? . ; (c?.l)
t?tc ? i c 4 tit H H H ?m I intci? H I itiî? Hi tci? It^-Hlt, 11%1, ->[. C^S>i-oS>; {i)r) t ? 1 H ^ , H I .
^ tit cut ?m i%? 1iitc? 1" tiim I t i t it?ci itiHici Defremery-Sanguintti Monteil, HlHl i&^bv % ,
H S m t S ! # 1 3 1 1 % iHlf Itlltl? 1?t ^t I ^Hf? 41>3 ^1., V 1., S>-(5>, i o o - ^ D. I
113C1? dtitic? t?tci ^jt'^'? $itinci iHH ?mi ?? I A. Miquel (E.I.2)/iimi
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Contents
t m t m
I w w i i t i f 4 H f i ' n : i 3 f?3?ff 8 f w n <3 ^m i % $(5? t?lC35? HlWH 1?C? ?t%%11 ( 5 . ) - ^ '^'^ I t I t ' ^ HilH
I s i f H %I m ? JTSiffsra 4Tt?t, H I 4 ^ l i e l ? (P'Wste't itHfkf^HgHc??iH?t1iici?ic?i I
4 T t H b|4iH|t7 > 8 w m f e ? $ t W t % mi- m m HR llRWb ?tc ITC? C?, \ e H - 1 t l 3 F ^ flHHlftl' Hffsj?
ffffe? H i t H l f I tmt 112(151 H H H l f I H H H I C I ? 1 H 1 T W H H ^ f e ? W H m^ C!CltH?s i t H C ? H
ffii^t5i ICH u r n ifilt i^feHfiwtw ftf ' ? H H C I I cmiH (9?5H 1 1 = % ? Hi? ^tcci ( 9 t c?, " 1 1 ? % HH,
5tc t ? t d ? wieitfm t f e H T i IiiiM<i t f e H i H i m H H c?^ $iwtt? Ilfe%fe, (911 fe c s i f f i ? M^îtjTfs; D'fm ( 9 t
$<5? t H C I ? f % H ( 5 t % I t H mt Ht%
w H i Q C l 1 1 ( 3 t 1 l 4 191?, I & H W I i t i t c i Hsi (fit m i e l C I , 1?t 1 1 3 C 1 (9??
fs(3HC3< " ^ l H H i m t H d l 1 % 1 ^ f l i a l I H t 1 W 5 1 (fllS, I t ? ? H H H 1 1?C? I t l W C l H f i H ?ê, C H ?tH f?t?tCl 1
m lilt rnici^s C I , 111C41 feffii mi i m f%ii Myres (9t H H H (9lH 4T^ lH?t1 Hc Cbtt ?#?tn4
1 1 3 1 i t m c ? f H i p i i m t i i c i ? i c i ^ $Hc i f e i H iRbM^r (9ttc? CI, ' ^ - H ^ ^ t ? f i ? i H i % ? ' c i t % ? CI i ? ^ H % cm-
c i t i i i Tjii?, t i l c i ? t i ^ n f f i 1131 c i t ? i i I C ?i m $?tH ^ 113C1 H H I ?>f?c c i d mi ? i ^ HtHc i t s F t ^ mi,
fii#5f5t i m CI, ifiifici f i ^ - t H d i iiRcib 1ic4t 1 1 3 1 1 1 5 4 t f f e ? 5 f i f f 5 i c ? 1?H% D%1 l f l H % l ? T ? 1^5 m
(91? mitWI C??1 1 1 3 1 (91? i n f i c i W t l C H i iHointi
iH?t f?r?tn (9??tHci? I C H 4fec?t? -îm W H H fîHci i
men, ( 9 t g f m i I C H c m i s t i f f H 2jfe<)^4 H t I # s t m c i
t i t e r s ? tfemci iHm?tr?t Hfi iftHci c?, t H c i ?
mitl (s (Sfifm l i H i ^ i i i 113C11 c i ^ i ^ i H 4 1 1 Iki? 1%'sfi t H C I ? H j f % ? I c i t e f i fiiai ? H t ? t d ci5
H f i c g t I t H fiCll $ 1 T m - H 1 1 f t i ? 4f H f t ??t, H H I
?i?D41HH1 ?td tHCI? wii?Ht H05 t m HJîr%
% 5 m c i wtic?tcii $iwthi d t c i H mHc4i HHffi mti ?? I I H i%fi? Hiai <3 c i 5 ? ] ? i t i ? c # r ? t d ffiwfi
if%?n i f f f i c i t $ijim? H i m f ^la-? n f f i ii3ci
W H f f i C 1H1 ^ ^ H H ? 11 cit H I wH I ' S ^ miffic
ItflHHCI I
1H1 ?td(S (gfii?Ht mi It?I ii/i(s1 lci? i n t i
t H c i ? fis ii3cig i H i t f i i c i i ^ H 8t!fti i H i c i r f t i
H3F1115C?? ?5d'8 %1mi?lt% W11?,lTtmi I t ? 1 cit H C ?
i c n i m i H t H I îRSfiilHa ^ II^RM) I I 3 C I i c i i i 3 i
1Hffi(8fl? I t f H l H 4*lt1 f l l mill (8 Wt%m ? ?(5 C<^'\
iStC H l l H C l 1HC& H I H , H l H i m c ? H m 1C11 ' f l s f l H l f t l '
CHîHJC?? HC, f?Cl? l f ? H I t H H (S ITH? (5.) Cl1%rci?
Wife; I H imft 1131 ?tc H l i H e i W t ^ H I H , 1 ^ I W H
HC 1 ?itci? D% if??tHii (911 i w ( 3 $ i w t f f ? Hti-m^
' i t i n t i ' $^!5Hfimc?? if?iHfiii c m H i i t H ^geiftii i HfiH K 1 (9?? C?'a*f'l HtCW? ICSft tHC1? I ^ H l l (S H g i j
fti cj3% w i l l ^ c m i ' f i H H i f i ' citfHt i d t - H ^ f t i f t ? i ? i f ? H 5d I I H i?mc?? m ?tc H?m cstt if?H(s
i H i t f i i i , I H 5f f D% f f H t C I ? 4 f e W l H ? t ? C l ? I H m ? 'S?^l4 (9??
c j 3 % 1HC& i(5ci4 m 5 i 5 f l a p c b ^ t m 4t?1t#
CJ3%I11 ? t c m : i f i e H H Veddoid-11; Keith tm? i m ^ i?nsi CI i % ? H H ?ft?tcit?t i?f H ? Itt I T j ?
bi'smi HTO5 t H C I ? i H l 03% H l H l l f ? H c i l , Keith-(9? H H ? $ 1 , W11?Ht1 lf?1?1111 ?tc mtt ^ H ? CI,

C i t 1C?11t Field-(9? iSxsff t?tft C l H H c H c l l CI ^ 1 i^siti it#c, f ? m i f ? H ffft? fi8^[c^ 1? ?tc t m
HHI d mm? 1 ^ ^ ? t ? t e i I Buxton, Field and ^5tC? H j f ^ ? ( 9 1 ^1 "5C14C?115f?HCl, $ H ? ?tl ^[1
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4 t f t H 5 i i??5^tiH5p5? i H i t i H H f t $ i m ? l ? I H H H I C I ? cm? W11?lTt f l l W 115; v,!â8 ^. W11?1It 4 H 80 1C15
fo\\^<^ c 3 % ^ 4 t f t i m i ?tc i ^ ^ H i n ? i # i ? r t i H ? f e C%1H; i!ffo $H mi 8V115; v,v^(jn ^_ OIJ^; xsrt? iis-b* %
?tHCl, I t H s l 1 1 3 1 ?tc H I W11C1? 1?lTt H H H ^ 1 t 1 1 H % C $ ^ ? 1^ 4?1 i m 1C?t C l H f ^ I H t l C I ,
Htaicii W11?Ht mtt ?Clt ^ IttHCl, I H (9t ^f%C35 (91113! mif?i
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^ ^ s n M H 4,tct t ? t ? s ^ ? ? t , I t ? H T w ?
^tcmtr mi ^ T O ^ TO ?w!f -OIIRNSIM'SI < 5 ? î.C'at i?lCt? t 1 M ^"TO^ "^TO? TTt^T? t j l t

^ TO I ^>8f% ^TOeps ^ W 5 R P # ^nsm ^ r R 5 < i5<R ^ =iîjv3lc? TORtW? ^ f i R l ^ ^ I tK?^ i 5 5 n ? 5 p i ^ ? ^ ?5c? TOSL *rtTO5t'=t

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W ^ T f ^^3I?ra " w r a ^ W ? (Marsh Arabo) R ^ s l R . ^ I I C ^ , ^ T I T O T 'snUFit'n W t T O T C s n T T f R J e M i ^ i s T m ? ^ ? 5 f ? r ? I bt
^ T O^?Pfim R s f ^ D F a ^ ! ^ ^ i # f % i % n r 5 1 cw^ "rr^ 51*0 '^5rt?c?? M ^"^^r^ ctl3!, itft?t^ ? t ? R t ? ^

^^-=31?? tt#j ^ t 3 i ? i ? ' i i T O * " S R ^ t f , f % * R ^Rm ?lt^t^ C?5R KtW? 'SftRf
( g . ) W t ^ s f e f ^ ^ l ^ ' C C i i . ^
^ p T t m t f e u l ? "b^l'^tP^?^ ^ s t J f C ^ T ^ <iJif ^TO R<ll*l ' J I t ? K ^ T t t t f i i i c ^ ^ ( s s t ^ f e s ^nMr ? ^ ^'R
m^m 'Sit mmu^ ^ f t ?i:fg ^fflwrr'^ ^ >i5?i c^rws? ?5c? I wr^tw? t r ? w t f t s i ( g . ) c ' n r a ? R ^ c T O s ^ 5 i ^ ' = t
^ffara T t M m ^flwpsi ^? T # 5iflt ^ ' ^ 3 I ? r t ^

t I I t T O T ÎFW ^ W R R ? M s? H 1 ? ^ mi
^ t w t M a(TO ^?.*fTO! SîcHfi ^ ? , t T i (i:*-}}!? ^.) ^srfRpnM

? s c ? , mi ''strc?? c i C T t t t B M ? ^ t t t i j T ? j5r?!^'fl5P?
aim ^ ^ ^ ^ W f o TO ^strra 1 M^ti'=t? ^s3c^ i T O ^ M ? ^ ^ ' R ?5r^ I ^ i t i M ^ t t H f j n t M
srcîT?fenr^ yi^^t^, îtnn an? (}->b,ooo TO;,

l ^ w s f U R ? ^^tw? M 1^ ^'t 4 M % f ?ft?t TOT? ' 1 ' ^ < ? n ^
(Mandaean) ? t ^ fmt'n i t ? 1 ? 5 1?>si? ? s ^ ^ ? ? (?1)-ifl?
t^t#t 8 ( i ) F. von Luschan's Huxley Lecture in I ^?? ' 5 j t | ? I ^ (?t)-ig? s t C b t l ? TOst " ^ T O ? ^ t C Q
J. Anth. L xli (1911), 241 f., t ^ J Î^WÛTO^TO^tc? t ^ ' ^ l i ) s i R M t i M l ? ^ - ? t % i ( ? t ) ( g . ) M ? ^ ( g . )
f s r f v l i f i ^ # 1 5 ? # 5 TOTO I (^) J. L. Myres, Who were c t ? ? 5 ^ , ^ ' f t ' ^ fttjt ^tiK? T 7 t % f i ? t ' = t mi -^ms e f m i R
the Greeks? Berkeley 1939, chap. 11, esp. pp. ^ 5 r M t ? ? s t l t cnT3R^^ W 5 R ?5r?? I w ^ R ? t ^ c ' 1 T f t ? ' t T : t ?
60-65, iâmR ^ R^jiifi; n? M M s t c ? îwlfS^ ^t^tr^; WDR5 ( R t , ^ - ^ - 1 ^ t ? ^ ^11?^1 ( t t M ( ? l ) - c ^
(^) L. H. Dudley Buxton's The Peoples of Asia, mm^ w R R c ? ^ i % f ^ t T O OTtTO ?5c?^, ? r a r ^ c ?
1925, chap. ^-'A '^ÎTO C s f t M II ^ % l c ^ ; ( 8 ) Henry ^ ^ i f t M ^ t c ? oif t ? t ^ ^ <j>Rc. nrm 1 i V ' ^ w ^mi?i?
Field i f l t M R ? ^tr? ^5ri?R5 M ? i R t t T a f ^ ? M f ^ M r ^ , ? ^ ? i I l ' i 4 i w " T t M ( ? i ) m^ ( ? R m ^ferr ^ - f t r o
W W ^ t M t r s Arabs of Central Iraq... (Field
Mus. Nat. Hist., Anthrop. Mem. 4, Chicago iva/ij}vo8 ' s p r t r o ?iR^w ^ - ' ? ^ l s [ t ? ^ % = t ?tM t i M ? t J f
1935{; ( u ) The Arabs of Iraq, in Am. Journ. f 3 # ? r t M r a ^ M t TO <R ^ [ r ^ t f % ^ I ^ p # R TO^
Phys. Anthro., xxi (1936), 49-56; (b) Mountain ? r ^ % ^ * 1 T ^ ^ i R ^ TO! ? t ? M ^ R S T O n ? ^ ^ ( R ? # ^ I
peoples of Iraq and Iran, N. S. ix (1951), 472-5; a(R;5[ ' ( T T j ? - ^ i s i ' t ? t f s f s ' n R ? ? ? ! ? f ! ^ ? t ? t ? ^ - i g ?
( 1 ) The Anthropology of Iraq, Pt. I, Chicago; (br) mm^ ? 5 ^ , R ? M r a ? 'TC?^ w r r o 1
Pt. II, Camb. (Mass), 1951-2; and Ancient and K t ? - ^ ^ T t 1 % M * l ? ? ^ ^ [ 5 # W ( T R T l R , 2 t P J ^ s c ? ? ^TOf?T

Modern Man in Southwestern Asia, Miami t ? ^ ^ 'Q-mm ( ? i ) ( g . ) - c ? s ib/^jjvo'i ^^m?!? i > 5 ! < f ! | M ^ T O #
1956; ( i o ) Sir Arthur Keith-ifl? T ^ M f ^ S f t c T O i f ? 5 ^ - i i ? ^ s t r s w i ? ^tCo ^ I TOM
? 5 T O # , Field's study of 1935 of Arabs of Central ? i f ^ ^ p i T O R i T i ? 2 ( 1 ? M ' 9 4i<)f^vo vstH-^tf^Mt ( g . ) - c ^ ? ? 1 ^ ^ M fe? M
Arabia Felix, New York 1932, App. I, pp. ? # ? j t ' ^ ? ^ ! ? ^ c * t ? i w y , > i P i * i < l f ^ ^ M f t ^
3 0 1 - 3 3 - > 5 ? ' 5 r s ^ ; ( i i ) W. C. Brice-^g? South West lilt M r ? i ? t ? t ? 5 w t ^ j w ? M c 5 - ^ t ? ! TO I a t s t r s t
Asia, ^ ' 9 ? i^s'b'b a f ^ t l M a TO? Ctfit? t M P f ? M c5f5pq5i^ ô(R^ ^ g ^ t ? ^rs^st ( T f ^ k k l ^5iMt? ?5M ( R ? ;
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-sjU^ el's?! ^snr^ I ^ i p i f t i ^ l ? ^ T O t c ^ r f ^ M m i ^ l f t , Kt?T ' ' s r t ? ? ^ p r f T O ' ^ ' R : ^
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it>?mnc"H c n ( t m c i sprs i r s f f e i i m ) c? m r ? f i H ^ H71, H H ^5iii H i i (gO-'î i m t i c i H H m

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m^ 113C1 i R i 511 lilt H f k i c i ? (1S15 tuft) i5h?^ g. ( i ) F. Gabrieli, Muhammad and the
H H c i t i m i m c ? f T m i 2t7ici - ^ n ^ i ^ h i ^ c * , ? conquests of Islam, l-ai ife^v fj. biv-^^Js iil?i4l,1
s f k H H H if?c I T C H (g. 5 [ H p T 5 i ) ; t m i c i ? ci h %, ^8(M
i t m % i c i H c i tmt c i t l R i t i " t l i R i i i i c ? i (5.111m) 1 H < M l i ] l 7 l ? tfH71? W H g. (^) D. Sourdel, Le
H ^ ^ W l H l H C I ? m 5tC lilt R1!HH51 ttC 1174, vlzirat 'abbaside, 1 l f i 3 4 ifeffS.-'Jso '^.; ( ) i^ C114, La
H l R c i ? ic*(j 1%4T t m Rc?iRl 4 c ? i (g. H i - 4 - l R ? ) 1 politique religieuse du calife abbaside
g i R u r n (5.) Wfl? W U H f t l 1 l C 4 C1.33lf llWIt ai1R?t? al-Ma'mun, in REI, 1962, 27-48; ( 8 ) i^ C 1 l 4 Le
^ ? i c i ^ ^ i t t l i tH m f R 3fi4ci? m m d t l i f ? i s i politique religieuse des successeurs d al-
1 C 5 H t , 111? mHCII $17?t, HS H i , C i t 113C1? H i Mutawakkil, in S I, xiii, (I960), 5-21.
Ra%Tfli I f ^ m t t t ? l 7 H W H g . (ff) M. Kabir, The Buwayhid
t m fîHci? Hi-Hiiitft (s.ym cic^ iRtiliô dynasty in Baghdad, i f l H ! iS>'5s8 'sj., lil?? (b) H.
Hlfft 11<4 tlCgtC?? H?71 H ^ C511 4 7 ? , 1MJ4 (g.)ci4 Busse, Chalif und Grosskonlg, Wiesbaden 1969.
H1174? W ? CIHCI l i l l H ^1 H H 1 S 7 1 1 ^ 51 lil??, tH H 1 H l - i i l ? W H g . ('\) G. Makdisi, The Topography of
17H1 i t ^ m i i 1^ i # D % ^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ^^^1^ % eleventh century Bagdad, in Arabica, vi (1969),
C I , r m i CIHCI ^ i m ii?2tffife ceti h ^ i I H ^ lilt 178-97; 281-309; (V) J. Lassner, The topography
csti? W l i?qT? ^ 51, iii4Rc4 l % F l mi ^giiil7ii of Baghdad in the Middle Ages, Detroit 1970.
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11? flC4 H U l t l i m l c i ?;lT3t? H H ^ I I " m t ^ l 7 l ? 17*U m 8 (h) H . H . -(ift, t ' f t ' i i - t m i i i - t 4 f i i % f i ' i -
(5. iM-ltRs^, 1 1 1 - l H H R ? J t , 111-HHRlt) I l i i t H l l l f t c H ? f i ? - ? l R ' , H 1 H l iS.8ff ^.; ( b o ) CI. Cahen Quelques
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(<tcs>o/ms,S) CIHCI i m 1=1!? f l l ; f l f tct1C1]t t H C H ( 1 ) i^ffV-iff>S8 8 ICmi f?W? $ 1 H % f?W?
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t m f l Hsc4H
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f c i t m ( H H - c i i c?i^, m - c H i i ^ , i w i f t ) idhricn H H H ^ k l ? icsf ( b - o v 3 / i 8 o i ) f . Arabica, ix/2, 1962)
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5tcc^ 'S^v)i% i * r p # i 3Ttm iij??3w?m f ^ r ^ t i g ^ i c n i (i) 'H??t1 Hl-'H^*ll%, mftlpl t m H ? H t ? H H H ? 1 , 8-b-
iiî-is? H i m f f $^s?iHiiHH=f $HSfi#?i iH<ii%ch? ^ i c ? 1., H I H I i^8^-(Mr (^) S. H. Longrigg. Four cen-
T51HC4? 1 ^ sfHtiT i H m f??c? " s r r s i ^ t H W i c m i H i turies of modem Iraq. HPCIt^' i^î.* 'I., 1 1 ^ 1 l ^ i
u s i ^ i i l i H c H c m i t I i3t H w ifeiiic?? i H i s i ^^Ho iSj-Js^ (vo) t^ C l H , Iraq 1900 to 1 9 5 0 , 1 S 1 ''f.;
H i m f t m H o i ? H m t # i (ivîs^-'tc!, ^.), m HHttcii? (8) A. T. Wilson, The Persian Gulf, 1 1 i^^b- 1
$1? HitC? n t l (ib-JsS) lfl?? f H H t l (ib-ffb- P. M. Holt (E.1.2)/ m
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5. I t . $it?t? i w m H 3 C 1 3 f i f i $ i t m 4ci 3ft?ii7i s

ffft' (C?5? C?5? $m?1 I C ? 4l1C<), c?i-1^; (?. 'f?5ft' H .
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$ 3 G 3 % t 1 C H f 5 $HmiC H f t i H 3 (ill? H - S s i t i 3fl=
cms ^ f i ? I l f ^ ^ $ ^ 1 ? ? I H>s C H H H C I t , ' H i H
? t i t c i I f%^ c i t ' s f i i t H ? i i f l ^ ? >Q mt f i f i $mfi ' l ^ ' - i f l ? f i m ?[. H . CHH, ' H I H I f^RTtHl? cms H H ? 1
Cj,3 - I t l t ^ l 1 U 1 ^ R f i c I
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tm tm
G3%1lt ^ t l t I t n , 8 < (2f%fi1 H I T W o mt I, i i (2f%1Cl '^mcH'; (intransitive) I C i t l 'tl'; m 'lldicil',
m ifl<in5t, t i H i f i l l ( c m f S i ira cmH mHum (transitive) ' I t H t t t 'Toi', i H m ' W 4 1 H ' 'S44t
fii I t i ) - 1 1 f i f i $itm i T w s mi, iit, fimi c i 'n^'; Itm lm iH', m, ^ ' i n ' (m? t i ? '^jim');
f i f i H f l i ' ifli f i i f t m c i mf*' mt i f m r i f i i , c i t l c m C44 'rSfil'; C4(aH ' H ' ; fim (Hâ mil) 'dâH'; H i l ( H
f i i f $imiti iflif^ mi mrni ii?;i, i m t i j $imm WiK f (3H1) 'mi-Cmi' mi1 ' H ' I 1HC44 I C H 11=%! I t f
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f i i f t 1 1 fifii t i m i f M t f l i 1 itâ ifli? 5. It. I l l mtl ficHl H felt ficHi m '^'; m^sitJit '1C41 ( 1 R H I H i i l r t ) '
5 itmi i d i $m3i cim s lf%1t13C1 ( 4 l H f 1 ) ; m ( H ) 'iflltCl' ( H C?|R); ?4im 'CHtCI'
it#ii (:sjyp) (vp#m H i m ) (Hâ c?tfil, ^1^); ftf 'iflt^lW (Hâ h H ) , ^4t4H '1111'
$5(51 S\, 3. itmi mifei fwtji (Hâ. ^5C1H), Hf54 'itHftmi' ( H . H H ) ; f w w i m t H fi^
îm tt (fl. 1. f%ili R\s|R i%if%^ 'CI'; fig Ii'; ^ ^ 3 . I t i ) ; c m 'R5tC4' ( H . i n . cm); C44
1*01 ft i|. 1. ibRjvsRH 'cmm' ( H . iflii4), f i m i , 4,5if444i ihci? cwm t , Hfi
m lfl. 1. I t m xsRsffii H m trt', 1t^ ( c m i 4fffe 15H 14C4^1 I t ^ - I l 'vflt C4 ffi'),
m ft lfl. 1. Hm fei!%i X O (1111H 14m f444 <[4fttc C?l H m^-C?, Hit H C l H t ,
$^1.1. limit flfls limit R i # i m t i R ? t c 4 R "4clt ^ H c i 1"
i m 1.1. filial Itm? 4î#t 8 ijft'js^ % 1C4 44ifi 4c^ mfim wh s. ( i )
m 1.1. urn fRsff? Hm t i i f i i H. Blanc, Iraqi Arabic, in H. Sobelman, ed.,
ifift Arabic dialect studies, Washington 1962, and
Imperfect iflfl 1 1 1 1 4 m s c n t îRfe, $ H i r i t ^ i some addenda in JAOS, Ixxxlv (1964),z^. o 8 1
mtcmfim ifli?$ic4fiDci iflt MiBj 111 I H m 1411 H i m HCW 8 (^) W. M. Erwin, A short reference
H 3 C 1 1 fiRt^ $iiiii5i^c53 c i ^ (ifli? ?[. H.-ifli cm wt) grammer of Iraqi Arabic, Washington 1^63; ( )
fsRlH (Pron suff)-ifl? 1 1 T 1 ^ H i 11C13 113R1?
ifll? 1 1 N. Malaika, Grundzuge der grammatik des
iciRiicOT4ciTjtmt i f i i f $iim C T O l i ^ t i f i g T H t I Arabischen Dialektes von Bagdad, Wiesbaden
1il1 indicative-ifll ?i1 ( 1 H , m. m- H. ?[. H-) 1963; ( 8 ) R. J. McCarthy and F. RaffouU,
iRltsI $1lHCt 1 1 4 1 H m I Spoken Arabic of Baghdad, pt. I, Grammar and
H H RHiii 8 ifim?,i i i 3 c i t i f i c i f i f i c i H hhsi exercises, Beirut 1964, pt. Ila, Anthology of
4 t f t i 'mft 5tc'{tt ^ i m . f 5 f ^ , i i i i ( ^ . H . i i ^ , texts', Birut 1965; (ff) H. Xlanc, Communal
l l f l l ) fic#t icH cTOi, fif^ $ir4t H m i s f i i ihc dialects in Baghdad, Cambridge Mass. 1964; {'b)
f4f^ fiimifem iflif^ i H t i i mî ic^ i (J) f^ mt, S. J. Altoma, The problem of diglossia in
i H , ?[. H. fi-im it|i 'mfi cmm itci c i f i m f i i t i i iflt Arabic-A comparative study of classical and
n s d 4f?pi m ^ ifeftfi 1 C I T <ift4ici vflt G3%i H m , c m , Iraqi Arabic, Cambrige Mass., 1969; iflllRrafifi
âmm t i c H t ^ cici'îit'^ iflii ^ rnitsi h h ifmH3? 8 ( 1 ) wtiti m-^-titft, ^'wisji-^nfei-'itfiHi
Ritfio f i c i t m "ICI 1 C 1 ifli?.HJ^ f i c i i ^ i H i j t s i mt I m - H H i f i H t , i i i ? i , m i m - i t f i i , H i m is>w ^.i
H. ('f&ti Him)-ifli f i c i l Miti-ifi^s 1 1 mHtmfim 1?1 H 4 1 m - H , Him iS.'Js'J} %; (V) B. E. Clarity, K.
tHC t5l 1 ^ i H m^ccitimm^HiTt?,if!?iiD Stowasser and R. Wolfe, A dictionary of Iraqi
(Postposed copula)-ifl1 H i m , 1 H , mt f i ' i m t l t g ^ Arabic (English-Arabic), Washington 1964.; (h)
Ctm H t m I H-m4 " H ic m ? l i (Postposed) l^-fi^l D. R. Woodhead and W. Beene, A dictioneiry of
l' fS^ m i m mt, m H-mi Imperatlve-ifl? C l ^ H Iraqi Arabic (Arabic-English), Washington
Hws'mt I 1967; ^ H C ^ W H Itstâ 5. 8 ( i o ) J. Lecert," Poesie
mt-^WRr 8 Hlfat1tW I C H ' s R t f i n t iflt 113^1 dialectale iraqienne dans les rnilieux
Miij; c i t ^ f i i I C H iftn^ f ^ f mif tH 5tc 4 t 1 l H baghdadiens, in Arabica, tx (1962), 435-6; ( i i )
f i l l i i j i 1 1 1 fiîfi H H j ? t . H. $iiiic m ^ 5 t i t C l H , Ani urnmak ya Saker.je suis ta mere, o
11C1, l f l i m i H i i ficifi H mt, mtfi "nf^, <ij!Rcii'; Saker-Piece de Yusuf al-ani in Arabica, xii
m ^ ( I t ) 1i1l', H I 1R mt'; f t f i , 1t% H. Hft'; f l i t (1965), 225-43. lârafH I H t H $1tm W H 5. 8 ( i ^ )
H t c i l ' ; fm m$1'; flstfl t^'; mtl 'ifll--6fit?1', mtl B. Meissner, Neuarabische Geschichten aus dem
iW; ?rtfii "^1'; mi '14'; ?:tfii'm' -^t^H 'mu'; ftm
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Iraq, Leipzig 1903TO?(iô) F. H. Weissbach TOff=#^ iRIli^R) f ^ ' f S R ^ Î^Rfl sjw <t^lc^ 5 R t ^f^ (2f%
^ >1ÎWlHl ZDMG-C, Iviii (1904), 931-48; ( i 8 ) F. CTt^ < 3 t f % ' t = t t w r H R T O "gîPrsi (T^TiR
H. Weissbach, Beitrage zur Kenntniss des ^PraT ferret i ^ T O ^^n ^rttc ^ c?, ssf/io-sr f t ^
Irak-Arabischen, i, Leipzig 1908, ii, Leipzig ^ ^ f t m tTORi?5 T F U g i r a ] ? TOTRJ strffCTO ^ c ? ^
1930; A. Denz and D. O. Edzard, Iraq- ^spfen sif*?fî ^^R: i i , t ? ) t f ^ < ^ t r o ^ ^ R TOtcsJt
Arabische Texte nach Tonbandaufnahmen aus M I ( R ^ i J H ^ R i tfTOi:*0t M M ^ ' T H ^ ^ f f ?
al-Hilla, al-'Afac und al-Basra in ZDMG, cvi ^ I V M ^ g s ^ o T O TOi ir^Mw? ^t^tTO (J^1 % W H M T O Oltt TO,

H. Blance (E. I.2)/^?tt^ TO w i liiwîw ij9*r * t T O s t w TOit^ snw i R S T O O T t<m
( t ) %tft St^tTOr^ 8 ^'^ti:=t? M s t R g "^Met ^ t t t M s t ^ ^ T O T t ' f f t ? ^ i M i f c i m ^ r ^ TO^
<p|f!<ihl I <pll<srij|<j') < 3TOttl^p?i5lf??tf%tl?t? R?f& ^?,*f ^ F t ^ ^ t T O eriTO) TOTO^f '(ir^, M M ? M g r r o t ? ^tc
^<!n ?rf5n?T^ t r o ^ st^M atTO t?T^ ^ mT i
t^fTO ' 3 ? ? s H ^ct t?Ti!:^ '^l?l! ?M <3 iiMifbô
M t ? ^ M wm-ft?Tc ( g . ) / ^ t ^ TOW ia?s1^ ''TO?
? C 5 T I l5(>sm, <K^'ti^ ^tmt TOT ?iTO?.-r,''TOr?? ^ 5 [ f t ? t ^ ^ ' T e t r ^ TOm ^^Ms^, C ? T O ,
'^simr, '^mnfwt, ^ c r o mi ?tt, "^rtt^^t^Mo, ^ irosm:?!? ^ - R i M ^ - ^ [ ? i ? # M ? t ^ i t % , M t ? ^spM fTOOT? w
jftft^Tfcf - j , ^ ^yf^Rs ii?sl^ rot I i H t R w mi ^5tc ^ | R > ^ o H H C ^ ^ < l 'TOJ stMt f?^'^ >1^R\s| <t>Roo^, S ^ | ( ; ^ I <
fefHt-? TO^ ^ S P W T f % ^ ? P ^ R T a f 5 f t ( g . ^5^'^ M ) I sfc?? '^5r# t ? ^ ? i w 5TOt-'t?i^ M r ? ^ t t ? t t T M R I
' S T ' ^ ^ ^ t ? l ^ i o N l t M t ? ^pMf OTtT TO C?, ^ - ^ ^ l l C o C? ^ ^ M : M H sfl
TOfHt^^M^ It?!^ ( B . T O t l T O ) TO?.i?f'Q?tÂoRT#^TO ^ ^ M M c^'sft M ?t? #?w? '^Mi, c^'sMs
TOTO ^ ) l t < i R<pb-a^ ^ .<lWf'n; JtOT ^siR^tPl'ti:^ TOtlt B M , M Ctt stmt's t ^ t W ? TOTTO M ' t ^ M I
m.^ arsft (B. ^ < 3 T O I H , - S T O , mT) I TO^t t?t^ tTO ^*)J ^rttfl ?iTO?rt? iiR? (iboc^ '^.);5'?Mt ' r a t fTO ^
(rqtl^ tTO TOfM M N f ^mwn^ Xs'sR lilt '^Mt? t R '8?^??ti:?t ? T ? T 2 t J 4 ^ , M ( 5 . )
5 P i i c t ^'iRf^ <p|{)Piojwf lilt wrro w " T O T I ^ (g.) ffM ^tl?f 1^ : C 5 r c ^ 1 C B I i | * l l t V 0 ' ' 5 f t ? ? 'TOT'Tft^
stt'Jit 8 ^fc? ^ t l M 2|?^>iî^g. 8 ^ ^ ( i ) D. N.
Mackenzie, Kurdish Dialect Studies, ^ tc,
iS.>!}i-vb^ '^.; (^) <?Tt^, The Dialect of Awromean,
Copenhagen 1966.
D. N. Mackenzie (E.I.^)/^?!!^ TO
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.^C 5F ^ I t??? atPfTOMtl ( R , ?Rt * J % I <3 ?TOflrI
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T M T M
.ill? t [ 4 t 3 ! m i - ' i i K i i t 4 ^ m?-m (^. mg. iho/voctym

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t T O 4 ( R ^ - ^ n f t M n r o ^ t r ^ ^ n M kf % t snMt^'^T-'^TOR-'iR 2(1 t M ? ^ ) RtW? l i l ^
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Contents
tm tm
a p r n i f e iHmmw M^%?i .mi 8</io|i Hoi 5tc, 419-34; (^) G. Troupeau, La grammaire a Bagdad
VIWMCM I F T M 'i|<IWl*I (S s??i1tC6l? ((l)(?^/i^ffV) H 3 i f i l ? du IXe au XIII^ siecle, (5S>l-8off; (o) J. Lecerf,
^ M T ??i I 5fH "mif H H o T m :yi4?jt ^?|V|H 1 4 ^ 1 ^ Poesie dialectal^ 'iraqienne dans les milieux
^ n t H d m ^5%<imTt^ Hsfmo snei i mm bagadiens, 80ff-8(ii, mi ciHCI 413 4^l|t (S HciiRtm;
ci%i i?îfe? Hi^m m=TC^ 5<piRiii '*ii3% i t , ^ ( 8 ) Ch. Pellat, La prose arabe a Bagdad, i^, 801-iv;
m?(s i f % w im#o ? ? i R? Hij 3611iRm? m 3 [ f i ^ (a) ^ C l H , Milieu, D-; (^) tw. mH?, ltl-Rt'1'1-
t?TfR m H-e?!! cid^s (irmt a t m s Rw cm? ?tftc?t mRm itHft H ' 1 - t m (sH HiiH'i-'mmi H'l-'ifj-H'i
?miR?t%w I Hm? cwt cm?$cîc?TiT45H(G?tmil, H i m ijsxiii (s) 1-tH^mi, H%'i-imti'm", (t-)
iRm? fSit? 'm?fl 'm?ff $tmm imr? 3R??m lt?gl-i-iH? m-Hotft iti-iK?Hi%, m?H?t^l-?s'mH',
Rrcc4? 1 C 1 m? s t i n m wm .^fe^jHomim ? j ? ^ l[?m H i m i5(0(ii %; (h) (91. (91. H i - ? p ^ , mn^'i-tm
?mff mRii i i 4 n i 5 t ?mi? ? j ? ^ 5tc H C I , i s m iti-itiiH?itH'i-it?R'-mli' 'mm. H i m i58(i) '^.; (io)
' i t # m?-fm%, iii-Hi?tH?Tt Hi-'itHHiTt H'1-tm,
CTt'sRf voHl %f (flC1?TC?t C<2t?HtH 11? H?!? mem (flt
i^mmci w i c i ^ iRm $ c w t 3 t t?r^TI?tmt ^piRn 1t?e?t iJsxil '^.1
cmci? WIT mit i ? m ?tfi?i%fcit cm? isff?, ^giRn Ch. Pellat (E.I.2)/^mi H i
cmci? mii i5i?i I C ? m\ i f e i ? w i ? it?T ?Mib i i - $ i i i 8 i%Ft itf H I ? (H)-(9? m e i (ii/(ii(o^-
I C ? ?i I C ? ( i t w H , iT?iRim, T i m o , RNI^sit-im, fit, i(o/(!3(08) t m Hw? m?s mi mi l i t m "^m (H)-(ii? m e i
i ? ? i i t t ? ) , >9t l?ic?? $ i c ? itfi^'g-%1 mi-tt-ft (^. mg. (i(o/ij(08-^(o/(ii88) Hw?i^<f mi 1 ciiHHsfc?? 1? i ? t , cit
sffo/iv585) mi-'mfei mi-5:Tit ( 3 ? f i - ^ i H i - mi-i-T# miHi ^1 t H C I Hfe^ I C I ? I C H m m ? W H ? m i?i?
(imt. Hoenerbach, Wiesbaden 1956) tr^ fll mi I i#m '$im ( H ) (c5.(o/i58 8 - o ( 5 M f f ) - ' 9 ? H I H H ?te(ot
mcmm iRitcn i ifit (flit iR, f?R i w o i^t m ftimi l i t m Hc?t% :mi '(Sii?itlei?(s Hc?t% (9?5H H tm, Hei?
?Ttit l l t C i m $ C 5 l C ? t l T ?lf%5^ % 1 1 (iBltSFCI tm H C W I R H fite HH I I R H $ei 1 mmi? I H I 1^ H1H1 cim
i f e itimt ^ m)fetiticwci m - i F t l i i i t i H i H H I m - i t i m (g.) i i f m c? Rctjic*,? iHiiiH mi
c i H i c i ? i m i ?Ri?t mtl ?5c?i m% u r t i i D ^ iRici? (9?? Hm i c i t l i t m 'SiiH (H) H m i ? ?cs H H W ? ? I
ITT? fefi^s ? T ^ (i)-ifi? imei i t ? i ? 6 i t ic?i ( I t H 5tc fm ic?i, cmi e m ?Ht ie cit Hcgie?? W H m - i t i m f m
m c?, iiitiRi R??tR? ?H? l i c i t 111 I t ) 1fe?mm-iRm 5te ^ m ? i H H H itHnHi, $mT Hi? ^tc mi
mm mfai? R???^ i ? m mi ifti 1 1 tc?tci?(G^^tT3 Hegtftei? iei c H i m iHmHi; ci Hew l % p t ? 1?
m?t m; $511? t?ic4?t'2?fitT Hii ciH^sitHiei? (wpt^) ^ ^ ci^ CI? mnei lilm
^mftltld (58Vi(?8-iViî''-) 1 1 ^ 5 1 ^ I R H I iHi ?mT4ift(s ? H H iten I
H I {3t 1111 ms ih i m i ? ciimcit m aiisii ?iw*n% 11m ' I t i t t ? i mft mH? (H)-(9? timmwtei {â/bab-
lo^f 'w? 5 t ? t c i mgfii c?ci% H I iRrnci, i t ? So/bbi) t?Tei f i ^ i t i H? ^ji Rfe.:^(oHi%ch? ^^nt
5t?iiHi I ( 9 i f i e i t i l ttwmtfiii, itmi H? H d t i%Ft
c i t w H .15 ffe^ it?--?tH% Ci'^'5^-i^'5 %) '-^1 n'm
'Hit (H)-(9? iiH Hi (fl??, i i ? f i e i t i l IiR?i?i!ili HHei?
i t ? - ? i l ^ (ib-iff-iiftSff ^ . ) - i 9 ? l i t ? iRici? I mm " ^ 1 ,
HsR I t i H 5itf?H (H) I t m I R H CSR rmi? 'mtm ( H ) ,
tm i ? c i t i c?t?l5ii Ricg? IC? i i l t f e i 4 i f S r i t c m r c i miH (H) (9?? m-f?t?? (H) ?i?T?tliiei? HsH m
cmm i ? t le^^s c i i t c i m 'it?ftc w i t m iRm ?m I R H H C H , T H C I ? Hftft- cit i?c?? tiiest l i t m i t i t
i s m ^ 1 ? i m i Rm? ii5i?ici I ^ s m ?ft?tci i (H)-(9? irftft? ie^ fc^ f i mi 1 (9t f^ $e5? 1 ^
fm? I R H Hft? fi^fc^ 1 ? 5tc t?tci c? iiHm IFE?t (lT1-mf'l-WtHl g.) l i e i HT (9?l t H llllt ?? iff
$H?tci mm ijiTtici? H ? sm^s i t c i H t , H? âiH Hi? (^HH-^, ^b/h 1C1^, (iifflj I C I I (9t f?m1%i? fC^ tiH
1 1 1 H H $f5 CI, I H t H ' i t # miimt C11 H S P M ^pim tm i t ? - ^ m f C^) ^ H ^ - i f t mi? 'mtm ( H ) - C I
(911(3 Hi5t I M I H I it ClHfit??t%eii f t m H^sttit ci(s?t ?? I
tî#t 8 itHcm? i t c i T s H Hmn c? c i t i ?t, tmpfH (g.)-(9? iitH?H f m ie? mi? 'Hit ( H ) i n
m m ^ 5 . 'itHHiit Sim mi (st 4?cw $Hrfi c i H i c i ? îrffmn (H) stmt?, ittiit H H H c n (oiMi) iit
Hie? sm I 1t?(3 g. Hell I H H (i) R . Blachere, La H ( S H R W (g.) H H î (91 îfii 1 C 1 ? ^ mi I (9t iei?
poesie arabe au Iraq et a Bagdad jusqu'a, tfem- c m , $'s,9|t%(G eiit gcjs? 1 iiTtei? 1 6 H m m i #
M a r u f al-Rusafi, in Arabica, ix/3 (1962), mi; mi? " 1 1 ^ (H) i t ^ m i i H if?H f?ic C I i f m
tmittiscm
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Contents
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i c n $m w r \sTm i H n s f i w s T t i IC?I ^Hsf? t n H f t ' $ H ? i (gO-'S? f?egte?? i e ^ f ^ f i i . i i i

H-QittMt H Hra? ic*ot tfliH i i s i m I R H n , i5?i<T^ m ? t H , ^ n t e m i i i cit i^gtftmHft m ? i m ^
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îCT^ H f i c H H ? t c i i f ? i t ? i t ' w s i t % ' ?ft?f m, W f m i t i t e f i ? n i l Hiie?ra e5ti I C ? I ? i m 1 ^ t ? ^
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H4-mHHC4? p; (g.) i??f^ Hfi *ift? mS5#i lilt f?egt%f? i f i ^ i e ? i I
H f C H n ftTfC? H H # m H I ' f *R??f mf H t I m?ilfi?ils ( g . ) H cif&t^[f?le? liit n e ? t w i l e i ? iie?t

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t n sRwTsf (g.)-'^? ?c^ HHm He? w ifrnm g#=f m I lilt i f f ? I C I ? iii?#'2?figj f l l lilt c?, mra i t i t ( H ) - ?
f?w? ^ H H: I 2r#f " 5 i f H *iifiic\s? f??5mfgH:'i? H : H tmt im i i 5 ^[?tmi t ^ ' i - ? - i H f i ? i i
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t m 4ftlf ' H ? ^ ^ t ? g ' 1 - H H ' ( g . ) t i m afHil? i c ? f?^ ? t H m, C?'Qfi? I C H H H e i t 'm-'il? Mws
1? f l t H i t îllWI H f % f i c n (g. H . Laoust, cilfi?! 1(^=11 t H e n i f f ? i l i i i f f e s ^ f i f i i H tHen
Schismes, 15-6) I mitf?H:=t? (f?1?f??Tl, mf??lt, H H f l H l ) 1?,H11 f l l 1H
^'Hfnt (H)-(fi? H n r n i (8o/'bbi-bo/bvo) t?ti fif%ie? f i i ? I H m H I f f i/'ii^ H H t ? g ' i - ? i H f i ? T i ?
srciif^ ^ f i H i i c ? i c ^ f^ I H ? ? , ?i5f?tft Dtfi ^ n tm 1 3 J H f H f i l t i m e H n H f t ' m m i t itflm
H f s p i c i , fif tH gt f?cH% if%=, i f H mi Hf?#icn ^[mm t ? i ' H i t ? ??t?e? H?ni i c n iimrfi ^
f?c?if?m c i g H f i H m 1 mtei 'î<Mi%HH?H i m imH-e m i e ? i n liit I 5 H
f i f e i t ' H stfc?ic?? C H f ? i c n i-m ^ '^ffft ( g . ) i ic51 i t u i i l i e i ? H i m ^mm-c m i c n n liit I 5 H
ffi a f H i mc?? l n Hi-^%H t n ' H (g.)-'^^ icsf ie& I l l ^ i i l n lilt 1 5 H C 1 iHe4? $ I I ? T I f i e n f t s f m H c w
iw? f i ^ n mi i ^ f i c i ? i c i i t f?m t n H f t f t ( g . ) - * ^ mm lit?? b - i / i s i '*ti i w t n ?stft?-iii? H T ? i ^ f e H f i i
a t i i H i;,?c? H e n I i m - ^ f i g t e ? ? mcHl H H ? ? mi tm i T m "ft?!!? ? 5 c n I f i f fiirmc? ^ H T H H m i ,
i H e i c s f i m i f e t H f i i e i ? "Rice H I S T ' H n t ' e a t m ^ IHS H1-HH?ft H H^'1-H'Hit HI-^-sHlft, f?1?f^
ci^Hmfi 1i?^n i e ? i lit I
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cHf? ?5cn m-'spjH'sfn til?? m .i?5f^ ? ^ 1 < ficgte??

atî i f i e i C I H C I g s i m m e ? i H e n i i c i ? t ^ mi i îit
f?egt? t ? l c i m i H ? t c i f i f i l i ic? l i m t^tiiei- c i H
ciîenm^'QHe4?^Hi4?titt^?if^; ît c l e m
c n I l i t m ^? H i - ? l i t e i ? i t i H i e i c i t fiegte?? c i ^
f?egt?mf ^ ' H f ? H ( H ) - ? H w e p c*t?f4C41
ie?i?t5:H t n H ? i ; ^HwH-iii im mi? i t g t ifmi
bo/b\ro iei ^ ' H f n t ( H ) - ? im ^ ?litg-.ii?
lf?l 5? I m i t n "Hit? i e ^ i e ^ i f m i f l l e i ? I C H i ^ H f t
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io T[?t??ti, î/io m e ^ , bb-o i t ? H H ( g . ) stTse? t H i H 1 1 3 H e m i e i ? ( H ' H lii?? f w m ) mim m i t t c i i ^
m-im^ (H)-*9? c H i t ? ? m t i t e ? i 5 H $ H ? i t n i ^ n ^tt'fHlie? im $ i e ? ?ite? i
mi H ^ ( i ) - i i i ? H??tc?? n H t e n I H I I ? f?ei ^lfc? t m H H H m i i e ? c i t f m e t m-s linf^ f?egt? c i H
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H m ? m I (H)-'i]?t m it mi? w f i t ? H-i?ii? ( H ) (g.)-'sra 4?i*i?
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ôff/brffo g.), m ? - H ^ m f t r n i m i - f ^ m f f c^. m g . Laoust, Les Schismes dans I' Islam, Paris 1965
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fiitci 1 CTtfi cmt i m i r w f i ? m ? m i c ^ WH c m 4îlt if^fit ? f t H c i , ic^ rniH m? n ?5c??# H53
^spajig i t ? s ? % ? , c s n t iT'i^=f C I , c? m i t m cit'sfi i s j i t f w if?is ( i ) O. Grabar - f ^ ife itiiim 4 ? ^
$,itfi ?t?tfli $m m i5f f l l i m c? m f ? i ? ifim Umayyad "palace" ifl? The ' Abbasid
c i t s f i '2ft i f ? ? t f l i T?tH 3 ! H t i c ? 1 ^ m m t H i w i "Revolution", in Stud. IsL, xviii (1963), 5-18; (^)
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?? ' i m f s H H ' , f l ? a t f o i c i ^ $ H f l l m fijf H t c w ? of Islam, Studies in Honour of Ph. K. Hitti,
IHH, 1t??fit ^ ^ r p l ? C? fbifl<Ml $ H ?tc t c m i C H I C H London-New York 1959, 99-108; ( ) t ? t l t t t m
f^? " ^ H i f H f i i ) mm 2iffififm%'s?^!^ fi^ f^ HHC?? fH^ fimi ?tc fif^ mmi imn i m
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^jm H:H c m i H i 'J?fiii f s f ^ ? ? H t ) i c i t m m Sourdel-Thomine, L'art de Bagdad, in Arabica,
mT3? mTf?4 # ? c i ? - a t f e m H H m ? i c i i ^ c i i ^ f i ? ix (1962), 449-465; (ff) Peinture arabe et societe
1] tmt?.iti? f R 3 j ? i c ? i I i i t ' s f i ? I C H f i ? t t f i i i t musulmane a props d'un liver recent, in R. E. 1.,
f 5 3 ! i m (Miniature Paintings) mpTt I C ? , H H 1 ? 1 o t xxxl (1963), 115-21.
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I T H RraT*f c H t c n I T H C H f H c n ^^H3 H i f i l t i ICH m e i ? rni-rnHfiHT; rni-mim (cHit) (aim
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fi?rim iRici? i<f!t^ fim iifi?t ci? i m o m f i t f i i bo W l i t i t f n m fi? mr i

i f i f i ?Tftit i i fi? ^^c ?ftmc?? 1? t m t 1 i c i T liifsti is>s>i 1. f i t PUK cim w t m i s i f e
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s f l ? c m i i t e ? i i e ? 1 f i ? f t i ? e i n n t e n i t i e ? ? stf
tntftfiicm
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tm t m
nit Sn i m (Umm Q a s r ) m T - 1 ^ 3 Siftt (Al-Faw (t ci, c ^ o o o 1. wmmm wtfi?ci? f i d ? t ^ ntcitm

Peninsula)-(aF5l fn^l at?1 ifnrtli i Hfm f ^ H l o if?H.?cii d , tm 1C14c?twim ?w4tf? mtitit H?tsm
f ^ m m i H m % t , m m itit mam i f r a t ?<3m t H C H f i ' f l i 4f3imt fif| ?tcci 1 i t f i i i i i t H
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i i s i s s f S*tmfm ^[c^ i%t% I h I h CTi^fi d , t H c 3pm H f i m i f t *((*?icS? Scwrt ^ H t c
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ff? mn I d , mt fll citl H f t % mitf irnrn cror msm Hmitd t H C I ? ci#?i H t i i ?tc i f i f i n i t f i i
i m i s t I i r ? j # 5 I t f i i c n o ^ f i istnm cift H f t % vsm I t m t ic?i I fitH m ? tmtn? ît?m i f i t CTt
f i i ? t n f f t r o m itwf'^fi'm utti 2tfcmt a t i t f i ?ir 1 f t i t d m i 4 m f if?c Hem 1 tm i m t i t H i m ' m m
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f 5 t cimt H f m fiw? H H d i f o f t I H ?? (f. 4., f. #?t^ H m m f i i icg? i m itc i m n H t I
io iîtt, \oo^ t H C H ^ff i H i l i H t i f ? m H i f ? n
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m m i t i c ? i I 4?iif it?ifc? 4 t m i?inm? m n n imei? U K ? HH?? ostite?i n i t n ? m m - i i # i ( m m
cFfDiti iifmi citl Hftft? hc ?^ n i i c i , ÔOVS 1- n I fH H m i t f ^ f m R ^ m n i ' iHm if^fe
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tm ic?i f i i 4? 11 ( a m H H (imm irf^ f?itfid fiit^ n i l 4e?tel tm f H m if?ei fH fiH ? i I
'c^mHi 4H11' ftitd tm fifft mmitc?? ^ ^ f f % f i ^ ciis m%, ^ 0 0 0 i t i ^ i f i it'll l i t ? cit mn^wt?
1 H ?? (Histoiy of Iraq Time Line events 6 7 5 0 ^smiti Hdm m i - H ^ iff ?jH=i? itwiei ( i j i lift c h h
B C E 2 0 0 4 CE, P. 3 8 1 1 ) I H r m e i R? ? i 1 tfi f i c n t?t^ t i H i t f??ten f 4 t i
tntit fiêm
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4i5f5i-w? (Rt 1 1 ^ "^m^ T H w ? M M ?ffw? ra 0 ;ioo<? 'sj. ^TOW ?TOw? Rbiw^ ^ t M M t ?

Stt^JTOTO W I T , t ^ M ? ^ TO-STTO'TO^ TO?t^ TO?
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? t M 5 w n ? i t iv.'b M R R SrtM '^s^m^s t r o t ^ ' ^ M t ? ^ 1 M ? ^ M ^ I (R, ti^TOif^ Mra?
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c s t W R ' T s . W f CI?ra -i^flT 8 % T t ^ f m (Rusi Iraq
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Timeline of Events, 6750 BCE - 2004 CE) 1
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t s R T O ^stgcstPrt ^ (Iraq Energy Chronology : 1980-
RpitMstW Wt^tW? '^tR't t f l W t ' tTO(RtltW Qf^

November 2005, p. 34) 1
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t m t m
I t f 11% istmtra t n ^ i % n i%T iH cmiT fiTO (fiiH mtD 4mi m m mm 1 dtcw? (fit ^cuici
cit?5tn tilurit afstm 1? t%% st^mw H R T O mf I tfefti Sm f n t ^ icB ( c i t l m? mc, ii, b- wtfiiH, \oob
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H R r l i d ifTd c#r<P'?m > 4 i ? ! if?mT f?rcnt f H i f i fsrît . T t i H ( 3 i i m wn
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Contents
t m î>b t m
t m ?tc c m r m m ginH? m t ^ n m
fra I K I of the Iraqi Jews (1986); ( i i ) Committee Against
mn? mn? ? i tft mm, itHmft c n , f i m c?nT, si^f? repression and for Democratic Rights in Iraq,
t m t f i I ifrw#s t?Tif m m f w " ^ m , f ^ a n t u m i T i f ? i Saddam's Iraq : Revolution or Reaction ?, new
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Professor Juan Cole, Informed Comment, of Iraq : Recent History, Future prospect,
Thoughts on the Middle East, History and American University Centre for Global Peace
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Levine, Why Don't Hate US : Globalization in a Richard Falk and David Krieger, Iraq and the
post-9/11 World, California 2004; {8b) CIA- The Faileeres of Democracy, Princeton 24 February,
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search, 2 0 0 6 ; ( 8 1 ) Islamic History of Iraq, in the Slaughter of Muslims in Iraq, at the onUne Islamic
internet google search, 2006; (8br) The country Journal, Khilafah, com, 2 February, 2003; ('bi)
and people of Iraq, in the internet "http://www. Dr. Imran Waheed, Colonialism, Iraq and Islam,
hejleh.com/countries/iraq.html", 2006; ( 8 ^ ) Art St. Annes College, University of Oxford, 29
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Contents
i m I HH v^îw i f f ??ra Hnt l t d H t f o Hm <iHsira iii?.ft?i i t i ' i t f t 'Siiti- Itm I t 'mmt' tm Sctsfcm m t
m i mj'S'ii-iH itnHiJTi-? < M j i d Hit? i m I t m ic *fjiH icn I msn H H i t f i i i - - i i m icn i -iititci tm f 5
3^,^ T S f i p n i d i 1 Tm m i t f t i ' i - i H i m i i t f t i ' 1 - i H n mr n itim ?tc tm fii? sfnt men i
mf'S'1-iH mrRrajt t?id f H i^nH^r (as.iiHiivS') iHir H H m i t s f i i iff itfim n \r f'i-mms, bvb/ia
emit i l M l m IH^ mi-lira tiHifm 1 ? tm ^ ^ 1 1 1 ? fwcrn, i ^ i i m i t i f i t i icn I i t f i f c H i-tfiH'iit
5RU wHdm? f H mi I lilt iticit 'lirit ?m cm^ f^H'i-iH t?g'i-'mititi mte?? imc t?tci itn
( ^ ^ ^ / i c ^ ^ b - ) fiôH ttci H m iHm 'Sm ? t i t m ^ i?t ?? I tm I t m Hsrtt m imiH stnt? i w fiitm f l i ,
^ w c i T wt m i d i I litm n^sH fmtd? t i i t m s ? i? f i ^ l o i t c i tm cm f s ^ i!t I t?t#t? itm-'ii? f i?cf ?t?t
tH I t i m citcn I m o s i ? n cici (iim f ? ^ ) m icn it?r 1 ^ imit? mes m m cm ?^ Hs?t m c i ? Hen
mi citimti I C H H mc?-iif ci'ttilt mâi'ti (m^si-t i t mi 'Sim- mt-? 'sie ?t?t stem m?e?ft 4mi ifnten
t(3i-i) citsH c i t f i i f >s it^siti-iii? imf "^tci H H lii?;, -i]tte? -ilt H ? w m 4 i t f i -iit 'fft?if'--ii ?t?r tm
itii'tfft H 3 C 1 m p ( I t itfi)-'5, Hfiti n ^ t d ? n #n-^5^ finmc? fifiw i?t 'sîtei i
Yi3itii ^ i f c i m i l i f i c i t d i I i m m m ^ ^ HH mn'i-iH t?t#t Hwtt 1 - 3 1 imit? f^ftiteia lieat f - f t
ititi ^ ^ w i utHm mi-ifn itHiF m icn i s t i c i HH ^gsfiw? 1 ^ ^ ; fH -flt cait? S ^ lifcn ifien leu
it^sitit wHif'i-iH 1 % (<jj nffS'i-.m^siH, <jso\s-ff ^mfi- i H i f ^ I mfiit fimn ifim ? n t ? fH flcn moi
mfin -jsiVî mtStn, i A o < j j - i i fcm i A i ) fiw miif I tm m?jtf%i ifim fli stfiw i fH i-ti-'^tit ( i t i
^ i f ^ ?(sm citmu it ic?i i HH tm ift iciim ifim), i-im ( 4 1 ? t ? # ' m , itH), H--'m (is ifim)
I t m icn mi mm mitm isi 4?cii w m ci-iRitc mi ?mt?Tt (sfmit)-ici 8,\xoo^ c m ? n t ?#?ten i
^ i f ^ flcn I f f f t n iTf% flcn m i i-mi-iH m<['i-it'm^ -it^rit i t i ' H f t ' m i t m ' ?t 'Sim- mm' tm ^ " ^ H ^ i
^[mti t n t i ? - i i t n -gmi citm"^ (^. (jai^s/iîs-ff); ^fii finm mei i it?t fH btro/i^\xi-^ i c i ti'ti--fl m f i - i H
f 1 i w tm w?cn i c i f t?tci m I H ?t I i T t n r i f m-^mrt?it? ^c^fcir ? n t ifntficn i t?te io-jssH .citi
f ^ t^'i-'mitit (mf I t m mfit m*^ ?f??tei I t i - t S i f i ? ? i tm m m^ ?Bit ?teei
m-nifil [ ( 1 m t m , ff-jso-itif^'i-mfiH - j s o i r / i b - ^^mt, 'fsim' I ^ 4?itH fH t m mt^ (?)-? mm m<['i-it?
ii-jss-m^^st?? iiL8o)i-ii? \5fii-ff?if " 1 - i t f i u t mmH'i- m?m t f i f ? t m m-itmit? (f.ffio/ic^c^^-Js)'fitf'i-
itfifim 'sm'i-fiifimt arîtH (itm mt-mi HH i-tm it?tR? ^ it'mHi-tii'-'fi? m i ? e i -jsio/iîs icn fm
<js;!,i/ir^ i^^si I t n i m s [ iHitflcn) tm fiis i^jn ci-ifim ?m i e ? i i t?t tiiSei? m j i 4 f i w -4^ i tm
icn I fH f'^'1-iH mfim ^ m m t n 'ptm f m m ie?iltH tij Hit ?t?tei, iieu fiîfifi mirsH t?tei?
t n fmm'1-iti '^'itit mmit (fi? "jsiff/iî-js-i) fiH msl i-ttg'i-iH 'mit if?ms tiii?tit ( i r o f f / i 8 o i - A ) - f
m^smt I t c i ififS, tm ifti^s mm mn mi bab/iiibo mi-jft; irai m 'mit it?tit-f m-m?-T #t ii?Hi-
ttc -jsiff/iîi 1 1 iti^ft m^'iti 8sf i m t w fi'm (tr^b/isi.^-^) mi itft (3 f??tfi-ifi . i t i i i t
mwiti-'ira S%n ici ifiH flcn i fH i t i t i minfm ( v s . o / i 8 b - i ) itmit (b-i(s/i8c^c},-o)-f I t ? ? ?t m i m
f^lcn mo] <5 ficn i fH titfH mt m'Qi"ti-iii liiiH -ii^j#o fîtf--iffi--i)? 4 e i m mitl Itit tft " i f i
mm? f i i t i mtit cn i ^ mmci tmft ffi f i t i cmi?tft? mm b-off/isocj, i e i , mfi'mf 1-fi'm mei
' f i i l t ^ ' ci'tfiit m m ^ ^ 4 m icn i it?j f'ît-iH f ^ l - i H m^'?-?r?iR.miH mm itm H H irirs./i8ir8 i e i
m ^ s m t - i ?Jt mi i t f i i t ifticn liil^f? miH? n n t ^ iRiten I
"jsiff/iî-js-i;^^ '!si>53/i^'ii-ir I W HH fin H ? icn 4tî# 8 ( i ) ?-ii^m? mi-fim-s-#t, tfti-t ^sitit?
mi t m in i m m f=raîtft (b<i\r ?tc ( G i b b Memorial Series); ( A ) W t i t , ltm?1f1-S5ff,
bHb/iMh-bo ttc i c ^ ' i ' i - n r ) t?rci mifi-fi-(fli n ifimm iî-js/iirffi5>;((s) mâit i t ? , m - f i ? t f ' I - ' Q I M ' ,
l i i icn I 'jsi'js/iA'i'i-iv I C I mrni-iiii tifmtcn n mtesi; ( 8 ) limit?, ?-if<['i-fim; (ff) itmHfi-'îm-',
'titit -itfiit ititd 4Ttii icn mi fiimm wm mf? i-aiS/itrfe-Jj; (b) ^ 'm?f*i-iiit, mi?-t ititit,
m^smi-iii m m mn i b\xo/i^\xi-vi, i c i m imf m - i i i i mitm, mem io8ff/ij!.A'!s; ( i ) it?t 3em, it^titf'i-
m f g mifnm (^. 'jst-o/ic^b-i-':^) iîis SiH mf"i-iH m^sfnt', i s , leit i^b-Vit-i^; (t-) ci? m emit, fi?'mf "i-
f?tm t ^ m f S i - i t i f?tm m-^^smiti ift (fiH s f i i t i , c?t?it i^s^s/is-o-js; (s>) f?-im f - n t m c i t i i f * ^ ,
ifm, "jsb^/i-js mc&m, i ^ t - s cmm fi? ? i ) -itfiit ittic? ittt'^'i-mim, itgtw i^fffe/ib-s-s; (io) f i 'mit c?i
m m irai 1 f ^ rnif "i-iH m i ^ - s m i t ? i f ^ mm i t ? i m - t ? , mti mm, c ? t ^ i^^^Vii^b-i; ( i i ) i t f i i i fmti
t n t i t Hjiem
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Contents
im-%ti^
m m m, mr'-t I H ^ , f m i^Wib-<Hb; (i^!,) f w t ?m m?ci fH srmciT li^bi? if?c itf?T:i i t , ^^m

f # m % i m , flm'i-'mlMi, i-aoo-/ i>b-b-<H; ( i > ) fm m m fll i t r n w 1 m?t itt f i t 'mfiiii tm ?i
m m^sm mc?tfl, Hftitf'i-m-Hmt', i-s-s-s/iisiiis; fimt wtfic if??t T?iei i t ^ Tti if?e i t n i m ici 1
( i > 8 ) f w i f # m Hmt, mfit'S'i-fi-Ki', co^m i>^s>a-/ fH mts-ifl atmriis^ i m I tm fi^lHtti ?iie? it?ci,
i>b-<Hb-; ( i f f ) H t ^ ' i - f f a m f i I t i t m^%fft, -i?Ttf "i- HH 11m it?m I^SJ^^Q m n f?t?.fH iifm f s t n
1
A t i i t i - , c^fsui m. f ? . ; (ib) t n t ^ T tim itmit, Hfetf "i- f s ?tii-ixi? fg m i"tfii-iii? i f t m t l ifim W I T m

i t H f t i , tmipt i<Hi/is>ffi; ( i < H ) f^trnii-ttw- itî miftft, >)Hi(Cl ??tif ? i I
îf^-n m f t i T , i t # i f i c i i d ? m^; ( i t r ) miti m?-m m-ifl i ? m ^ mif1-iH fic m c?, fH it^tHic^
?tit, m^ t f i t i f t # t f i , 9m (is>) i w m^'i- ^îc i t ^ iHitflcn, tmt f n t ? t?tcn ?iir
n f i i t n mf? ? - i f n 111^ f?f?iit m m f , g^tf"i- itit'o?!, fifnt firnen "^m fH m i-tfii-iii? S I O T C I m # g
1
m#ffi, C I H I ? fnsr?m^; ( ; ! , o ) f m t i I t f ? ? ? ? t i i ' ^ , SiTii? fici ??M ^c n ^ iHen ?tft'S'i-m?ti 1
imt'^'i-fi'tm', m#ifi, C I H I ? m??nc?; (î) m^-m s>oVcic&w? i f f o i I t c i fH m Tti i m fH itim- 1
'm# H ? ? m?tif, ?5-ti'?-t m ' f?m? (f?c?%=t ?sciw m m t f i H , itntm-'^pTmi !5t?t fmtwt^m? 1 1 fiit iffo^!, % ?isitci
mem), ih'bct 1.; (^^) mftt-t f?5f?im (^) mfi'mf'1- it%?tc?iim I HHîc?mmifnf ttimim 'mit
f5t^m, cs^m, m. f ? . ; ( ^ s ) Dr. Arberry f i f i 4 ? ^ iT^n?ci w mm i m I f i f tm mitit? itf^ irf^cn
c?t?m-tit-'ii, it, iiisHt; (^ff) 4. ' m i f ' i - ^ m i i t ^ t ic?T liicim ' i f f i flcn f m ? m i t f i r ?t?it, fiH
f i f i 4 ? ^ mm-'fl, s i ?i, -bi I H I ; (^"b) ?5-Tfii-i--tit, tm itmci tmci n i l i m mi ^ i m mf^fiti-ifl
mftt-t mii-aSi m t n t i ( t n t c s t ? ?tc ?tfw-ifi? f 1 imt? (a.) f i i t i ifie i i tm ? j m fi^ fiiim 1
n?3). c?m i>a^^ ft., miit; ( ^ 1 ) ffl?it-t %tft, item mfiiiei? mi :gimi fmti m-ifl? sit? iif?n f?tmi
m. f?.; ( ^ b - ) m n ' i - i t i t ? t i t , % i m - i r m , C I H I ? ?t??fft? fie?ifim? ?i?el HH it#? Tti i m - 1 HH S>g?-f^
# # 1 ? , Arberry 1 ^ i m t f i , t n t f i i f?1tb - g c i t f i c i m it%;?? itifmei m i m mi c?i mm? iH tm c?tw
fif?w, b - 1 i i H i , iffVis>s>; ( ^ S ) ) f?eti m n ' i - i t i ifi?lifeme?T ?iajbie?<i mwmti 1 tsii/iffoff iteiitfiii
t??t%5j mmtit ?sf? m t ? T f t , fl%?ji (?i?t f f i n , it-am, ^tmtllt??!^ (g. 11?m^ 1 t % 1 , Sic?) 1 ? t W ? -a fl? ? ? !
m i ' t i , f?5'-'m, i?it?T, m?#'m, I ' t f t i i r t , i w m fH ^ I t e n m ? i i t i m?m "^^r 1 tclieiT fit
?m't?Ti, 'Sim-Itm H m m t ^ f l i t ig? tiiSi-iii? ?t?m f i m if^mit ?t?T %f^?tfien mi mm m w i
H?t?ti?,'flt '^fii?jt' m'^Hfi mpffi^ i f ^ f m t m??t Itif"i-iH ;5tiie? sfTtin i m fit ?t?m Sit? mtîiti
1
cim 1? mftit? sirBtt? im f f i m m i ^ Q - ft. n ?'si?iti ne? i t i f 1-iH fiit ?t?T? tm itiimi mitit
cf5fti'^c sfmfi ^?Tci I m I i#5i >s miTtiT I f t 51C1? tm mftm itfi= ?>sm
m*^ iTflit (IT. IT. t.)/cmc?? m^n i ? H fH (^tm mw i s ? if?e m i ? ? 1 ^ ?t?tflen 1
rr^-*^<n^, "msr^'Tf--^
( ^ .
t e m i e i T ^ ?tifi?Tt mftm m H?fs i f n n irfi ?? 1
I t i t f t t?ten ttei l i t mftm 3 m if^ im 4 ? i I C ? ins

j>-iJi) s m%? i i s t m ?ic? ifap? <s!^m *iif?
cim I fH f i c n isftii T j i t f t m f m t ? ? t % i ? f g I ? i i i t e i ? fflotw t i m ?te if ftfiim i n ic? i t i f i - i H 1
?im? c??tci? H i s i ? f | ^ - ^ ^ - t j ; m i iflif? cit^.mc? HcwQ l i t stm m ^ m n ig?s.mm tut 'mitR?Tt i?tci?
f ^ mjsrî i c n f f i f f i m m i m mi ncit
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( b - i v s - J s i i / i S ' b ^ s - i f f o ' b ) t?rci Hcsf? i f t c i ? i m t c i ficitfif
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Tfti'T? i t f m s i m I lift i?tiH f l i f # t i r i m m mt Ross, iflis N. Elias, 1^1 ib-S.ff 1.; ( f m ? fmf,
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tm
Kashmir under the Sultans, ihH8 %; (b) m s s l ? i8 ? , 1 ? m i t?1C111 H fll, f i f i V l i HCI tHH
Oriental College Magazine, Itrm ( c w a l f t CT mit? u HC ffiH 1? mi cits' H t i H i m m c ? m 4 ? i
I d , d f i c t j t f t i i t?t m i f i c firi mi i i t ( i ? H S f
f i t ' l l l - A ' H H (E.I.2)/5. IHPI I W T i?it? wnf. miwiH'S|?^) I
t ? n ^ (IRATEN) ( 1 t W > m tesi; I f . s
sr^l^ 8 ( i ) ItfifiH' 2t?CWi SflHt 4"^H3?; il'^J(ol
t?1C11^ficl1tdg.; ( A ) S. Boulifa, Le K'anoun
^<5,1'lRPmi (fliim iiiH H i t ? c i t a j - m H H H w ? H W I ? i t H
d'Ad'ni, in Recueil de memoires et de textes
f i d CTH>s i w lfl??. i f t i f i d ?nft i i t i t (?nft m i t ) .
public en I'honneur du XIV^ Congres
>flt n t i t % i i n t t ? t f i i d m c H j f i ^ t r * ?#Hn,
international des Orientalistes, rniHlti i ; o f f <[.;
i f ^ l f i d H ^ itlS f i f i d I t t 3lSc5H I t ? t ITHit
(o) Carette, Etudes sur la Kabylle (Exploration
<sm\ H H ? Stb! o o o o ^tc o f f o o f B i w 1 1 ^ "^td S<?.1^
scientifique de I'Algerie, Sciences historiques et
?? W l H t , f f ? t i l H H I H 1 i t t i f l H l t ? l f ? ? l f i l 1 f?f^
geographiques), HlHl iV8v %, A H , "^J. (8) E.
aiTCi ?if i f ? H n , i9tfi? i i H S e ^ H H i i m f i
Carrey, Recits de Kabylle, Campagne de 1857,
(Adni). tf?? (Tawrirt), m w H ? (Amekkran),
Algiers 1858; (ff) Clerc, Campagne de Kabylle,
S H t l ? ( U s a m m e r ) ^ m i f l (Agemmun) i I H i t
Paris 1857; (b) Devaux. Les Kabailes du
mH<t>lC1 t^llC^'lll 1Ht? Hi H H W t d ? 1; t ? I H 11 d t i
Djerdjera, l l ? H t i V f f J * f ; (H) (Marechal) Randon,
H T 1 H 1 (Forth National)-"^? I f R f i # " (Commune
Operations militaires en Kabylle. Rapport au
iiiixte)-ia? l ( ^ f l l I
ministre de la guerre, H i f i i i V f f 8 ^.; (v) Hanoteau
m i H t ? i r i d ? tfHi f i i t ^ ITI ^ 'fiifi
(ills Letoumeux, La Kabylie et les coutumes
(Berberes, 1^. de slane, i i . , % ^db) t H d ? 1 ^ % g l kabyles, HlHl ivho 1., o 1>a, i i . , l . A v - 8 i i m .
i H l t r n d, tH? f i m t (Bldâya H Bougie) 'fl?^ t?tc1C1? misfil 1H 1 ^ g. (S) Hanoteau, Poesies
C w i t i (Tedellys H Dellys) (flt ^ l i e ? l l j l r l i t n l ? populaires de la Kabylle du Jurjura, H i f i i i\rb'\
l f ? ? t i t I t?tH I t c i H3I Bougie-(fl? ll-îWl'si 1 ? t d f l l "fl?" %, % iAo-8'i; ( i o ) S. Boulifa. Recueil de poesies
HltiSf HtC<i? lfiHtf^ f l l I d slflC1^ tHH H f t i t f%^ t kabyles, mifwHi i S o 8 1.; ( i i ) (^ CIH, Methode de
t f f t f i H c H f t i t i d t ? m - H i t d ? H l H l ifiid? n ?
langue kabyle 2e annee, m i f W H l iJio (iA) (&
t H H ' H l i t ' H f t m I H H ? H l H f H f l l I -flt I H H f i c i l
CIH, Recueil de compositions, mifwHl i S i 1.,;
m t f l - H H l I R H C ? ? 1 t?td? H s f H U I ^ a f|ci1 (ilt i H l l ?
( i o ) A. Basset (il?^ A. Picard, Elements de
?tc m I
grammaire berbere miHniti i;>8v 1.; (i8) & ( ClH,
f f f miei? i ^ l i n HlfiH tHeiii i?tHi?^
Sur berbere y i r 'mauvals' chez les Irjen, in Rafr.,
fiHim t?lci? H f t i t I f jf ? t f i ? t f l l I tHH ? l R H ? 1 ? itif? ;o 1. (i;8; ^.), A5i>i-i; (iff) A. Picard, Textes
iH i f ^ i t i t C 5 m c ? f i 1 ^ I d ; t H ? i#f f l l % l ? I t n berberes dans le parler des Irjen,mifw?Ti i t s f f V 1.;
s ( i ) m i t^CW-t; (\) m i f i t ; ( o ) S i t n ? ; ( 8 ) m s l l t H (fi
(i(!5) ^
( CIH, De quelques faits de stylistique dans
(a) ^ H f I c i l c ? i i l k i ? 1 ? t H H ^voo c l t d ? iiiH
le--parler berbere des Irjen, mifSfIti i S x b o f i
? i H i i f w c w i cst?ci n i ?? I i H i t l i i T i t i t t i
(Randon)-it? C l f t ^ i V f f 8 f . I t f i i t ? 1t?lt13C1 2tC?1 . G. Yver (E. L 2 ) / l t C 1 H H f l
l f ? H ? f ? I W tHH H^tlt I f J{ H C I I tHC111 t H d ? ( f t f , Irade = j l j l ) ? Hfii l i t ^ H men i
?tWl m p l l 4f? lf??l? W H 2fff 1 ? 2IHC1 ims ? ? i 1 ^ ivoA H I ^c 'Siiifl mte?? iid fimei? HCI
i t f i iHci? i n m H i H i f m t c i ? f??i;w H S I C ^ ? i t i t f H w i f t f s i i ? i t i f i e i ^ ? t ? WH H ? ^ ^^ I mîH^ iwHfli
itHH H? I i c i H C I ?fi i H f i 1 d i ^ i i i c i i n i?t? (ilt CI, iff (Q i?iift 4sfbil?ii menHH? iit mt if?H f H
f i m at?i i c ? i I i H i t ^ i H n ^ 8 C I fH-Sc?iS ifge?? (ci?iif?-t HtRitft) fiis ii^ltci fiH fimiei ^
(Tizi-Ouzou) ?tc l f H l m s ? # ? t 1?1? llsH i t f i i Iti if?H Htei m\ tH? imi fifiiw iHei i fH
sfti w ? I d I t H H C I tf?ci f p r - m ? N t ( j j . ^ ifeitn iHei f H iff? stm ift? fii? fimei?
f U - . j V 1) H i f f i c t?teci? 2 t H ? m H f t f t S H ? f i i a i i d mcnHHiei ^ C2i?i if?ei iisH?in[iifti??stft times
i H H f I d I igi? t H f i l e i m i e ^ H f i H ? S e R t r m ? t i fimei? itf?^ itfi fll i f m i Hd i t?iiiiH^5imei? (&
i f i i c ? t?tci (iiHit? c i g ^ c i c i t f i ? i f i ' (i??(oTc c m ? HsiH (Sstiei? WH ?H5 Site Hd I
1TPW11) fi5fti m ? s ?rc?, t?it ^ t i ?if?fi?i? cstci? l O t I i m m t i f l n (E.i.2)/mf3 ? ? H i
tmitHsem?
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TO^^'lM ^ 5 5 ^ ^ ^ ^ T>tRfTO;R f t r o - g i i l f R R T O ? T O ?
( i ) TO S t^lCH<l ^miR^ ifl^sf? TO M ' T O M ' (Persis) 5^Rt 'sflpK.ioî I s t ^ f ^ 1WfT<?% 1 T O S
'ST'iRt ' T O M I ' (Persia) i a P T O o ( R t T O ^f^Fo)4 ? f l ^ t m
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^tMrtti:^ ' T R f r o R ' (Persians) W 'srsft?, sfTft? ^ ' R

^trro TOTO^^^."f fT^ ' p ? tt'SlTt TO R t (Spiegel,
Eranische Altertumskunde, itrîi ^.,; Darme-
'TOTTW' ^ W T O ^ ' R '-JPTM' i f l ^ I ^ T O f T O T O T ?
steter. Etudes Iraniennes, ilrvo i RHST
"5t I R ^ srtSTOsiM ^ c t t s T ^ s f i R ^ T s M s
^*tt%t t r o ^ t f R t t Mf^î^ t ? i ^ ?Mt 'STTtnM ?#TO
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TO R ? T O t 3 t SRstPt I ifeoe ^.TO?stftt!R( R (RCR'
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TO t r o ?lTOt fTf ^ I 'iq'sR t5T t r o R t W t f R M (S.
Encyclopaedia Britannica., I r a n R ^ ) i
5 f C ^ T?T ?T ( ^ f t T R R l f ? T I ^ - f f n^ t ^ ,
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?R:t ?f=f ^ t ^ i t ^ , TOR '5t''f t r o (?f*\ (^. î^', 3 ^ iMr I 'siM M K M ?ttc ftra iR,
Wustenfeld, it., 'J. Si'i) i
^TO R|fM ?TO t r o , WF^tMR, (R^[M^ TO?.t^lW<l
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t R ^ M : ^
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tm tST'T
R ^ ^ # 3 c%;iRt; <iiTOi3i TOf ^^'R^sM 2tf%?wTO ^ ^f?r RT ^rtM's '5if?Rsi?,-f T T O ? ?i|T5i % M

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R i w I t r o ^ T O ? f " ^ c r ^ c ^ ^ ' s J H , R f t ? ' s -snrotR I ' ^ ' S T O a ( R t t ?5C? 1 C 4 H ( ? t t 3 J ' g ^ f ^Mt'Q a t M , ^ t ^ ' Q
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i m I llHfa m ?t?n HH mtH?it ( T h r a c e ) w? i m i t m a t H l i t H f H > s H H ?te C I H I ^ m m i f n t f i i mi
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tHen m m f i i i m i f i i r m f l i 1 ifiî tnei i i H f m f n m M f c i mîHi i f i m H i m (-mn f m t e n itim
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H f f ^ ( 1 ) (ii/'bo^ym m I W i f i ^ i ' m n ititit i^tH i*t f l l (= mm i t i i t mi tm ititm; f . H f ) , -
m m e n f i i i e i itei 1 mra 'Sm (mym fiim mei l i i t w H t 'mmi ^ M W H f l m (m---THi-î H., 1.)
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Ai; n w l i t , 8 1 , i8Ss) t H i t 15,11 ? ? I I C ? TH?1 ;flit?n ifl?s ?tii 1 ? ? w ? i f ? H i H ? ? I i f l t H i ?te
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Hrrm ?-Mnm m n ^m? i f ? i t n i n i ?t?Hf%i ifefi ? j ? m mm egiemu I itii 4f^ i m

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HC m s m i?t ?tcfii i Hfssfti t?titti H H % i ? i i ? i t ? 3 t i t m w ? t H i f H f l i I tm # i m ^ t H t i t ? t t i n
f t c n I tm ^jfT? 1 ? it? f ? m ' f i I'liirft (isvv/ssssb-- i f ^ I f iti ? t t mr HH mm '^ft? 1 ? ifln ifli ?t^sSifi
8î/ioiSo) t ? 1 H t 1 i f l l f t m f i H i |fMt? f C l t l I t I t n I fifsstm m i ^ t H i t f i ? c?, ci?i m m l t c i ? fiwc?? itit S h
ffi < i i t i H i i - c i tm ?tw?tit i c n ; t m 1 ? t ? t t i i t m fif^mr I -
ms. f ? m - f m i i w ^ttmi^ atf^ ? ^ t n i mH?t'i- f f f Him m ? t i f f f m t m i t ? t t n m i f l n H I i s t i
m ? lfl?;, i ? ? t ? ffi c? I W f i w ? It i c ? i m I C I t ? t c i c i t f l H f i H f l i c ? H i m 11^ i s t u i ? ! ^ v s K i C H ? # n H i c n
im i f i i n j ^H m I m"!3i H i H c n l i t m H i t c n I f f i f l l I i f l t H n t t i I C H f i i ^tc ' i t ? ? t n Him
H f t ? n m m i H i c n ( f i f i t H c i i t i t f ' i - f i m iflis l f l f l H I H Ittc l i t ? , 1 8 l ? tm I t i H-'sHHS'l-m?
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Iflis iflfiH H t i t ? ? H i f t t m ifliH f ^ 1H1 ?tc
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'^R^-iiT? bh'v;M5? sftR ^'St? ? T M R - i i l ? i t ?

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Contents
i8
faMCT m i i H m e t ifiist3i t?iw^ t m i t m w R i ?fiHt c?t? mi i itftci? iflt îcn isei isei
ijfisff? c m n P i t H d H I TifH C I , l i t t n H f n ?if? fwtmâfiimfimi i h??i m m n e n i e i ?
HsfSiHi i t H H%H<*d? t m i t (dgmjr?? itt ( f m gfHf? tii(3i-ifl? itmfti 4td 4tfi mi i fHitei
[ili?ii siff) t m c n i m i f i i i f e t I <P!?i 1^ c n s f i ii H??tmci? Htite? i?e?ien f f i m ?twtiHi m i t H mfiH
1111 ifci f:^ fi^ f l l I ifl^T# t n f ^ if^ fm's.iift lev? I iflt cHjgva iflfiH i t t i d ? ift m m| i t ^ f f l mi s
iit y I fll its, ?[ m I W ^ i i i t m i d i m i t i m mi SmenmiiâSi c m ^ i e ? ? ciiei? i c h itfi f n i m
t n t i t f i m 4f i t p i w d l i t d f n i c i f B i i r ii tmit m fwtmt? 4 m i ift Hftci? miiei, h ^ste m i H
f # [ i i i m i ^ i ^ fgi? n m lfl iiBitcftcii fifs[ *i?ei? fwt?m i m itte itf? i
(ills t?tfim 1C1J11 f i i l t f i t fwimm m m iftmfli i i 8 i iei? ( f ) c i d m?f3-ifl? t m fiwc?? it?ei i f l i
cit f c i t i-imfi-it citcsra 4 m m i i - t f i g T ^ (bao/ikak- m i ?rsSifi tffapm Sig? mi I t H f n mâ iflift
q8/i^(t) mitfi-ifl m ^ ificflcii I ifl^fic^^ t m r a ?ft?i3jHi, H m W f cmtc?? 1 t?iei? wtf? i ? m tfin?
m i l l bHb1'^ (3 llfi^f^ m i i ' t # t ^ >ii|,>ssM f^ . m ^ f o i f s i I C I H m fft n I fiwc?? H?iei i h iflfim iflift ?@ 4fin
iftm ( c i i t i m i f i f ) - c i m^t m?c i t c i - m t e n i c i j i f i m 1? t ? f 3 ( l 1 i / i ' b S > - V o V J ) 8 o 8 ) C5#fl m - i f l ? ?si??
i3t? iti^titi mimH i w c i t f l m cititm H i r m f n i cit ?.(S?i? itite ns} t?tci? H n t ? i f f m n i i v V i ^ i o licit
n c i t m t ? 1 1 i f n ( c m mit) mfiti I C B i f l i s ^ i i i t ffi H i i w? ifiHfien; V J > v o itei H f i f m m , i t m
m n i t l l i'bas/ikd'b-Hao/iosh) t n t i t f i m isff? i t f i H m f i i f i m l e n , vrd-nvb/i^v^-iova iei
( I p f t l ^ ) 4f ?tc I t C H I mH?H?wti t m "m'wti w? l e n ifl?s i d fwtimfnt
m f m^T-ifl? tifitcn ('^vs'to/iooff) i? ^ i t f t citcara citcaf? i i I t l t H m ? i i f i m i H h n ('^s.ff/i^s.^) i
mrttSt fitit dtcaj? fntcn n m icB i mismf m%Tci iflifitd t m t m fiw? i f ? f i m i t ?5d i i t ? r m ? i i
m m m s n i ^ n a m i m ?tfic mi mgfim i f i t i (11rvD/iiDlri)-cm f m t fisHlW ^ t H f n ; I f e i / i o i r f e I d
?tc mi I iflt Htitc? f m citcat? 4t?iiit mite?? ift tm f t m lfl? f? clteara's i i let I iflt H I fiwen i c h
f?e?t? isit f?ei?te? cîeitlj i i?f i?itf îtftli<3 i H e i m iitf%i i t n f n 'iirS)/iiDir'^ i d t i i t m - > f l ? c m f ?
iflei? n Ifli 1 ? m f i m e i ? f f i m m i ?t?t 4?i i f n t ii I \si?f5i c?if f n t ? f d *)?-a(H ie?i ift i c n t i m i t H w j
mfieficn i S i t n i ^ i ftm-^fl? f ? citcat? (bs^/ikSd- ffi ^(ajcn He HfH cn, f i c n i f ? H m i i d voo/ioh'\
qs>i/iiDvs.) m Seî i ? t m i f m t e i c m iflt ? i??ftt n ?tet f?tiTi i t m - i f l m m i m ^ê l t d i
mmffen f ^ s^siitm ?te ?m m i iflirit îtitci? m m m m - i f l H W f ifie i t e n i t m m ; fi? mif^ m m
ifte^ m^t? ifîtif cntifii m f m'^-ifl? t i H u e i ? i? iflt fcaj? 1? fiei? 1 ^ f l c n H i m i f ^ - i f l ? tifiti
1 ? f m ne? m f i m m e n fciti it ic? i m?ten I C H (b-o V i 8 o 8 ) - i f l ? 1? m i l - i f l ? n d (b-oVi8o8-b-(to/i881)
l i t e m c?it i m n ^tiifli m i f i m t c n fsf-timlt cieiitiHifd ?fisltifi i ^ m H i i m f n i f m f i m n d
citas I t?fen i t n m ? m f i t f i i 'îo/ioio n ?tc 'i mt f^-fiste?? m c?, s^sns Hfi <5t?ffli, ffi m m i s m
Iflis ivsi/i^vi I C I Itci? n ? ifiî t m iflis f i f fiei? W H H*iei? w u m m cstt ie?i i m m tififei? i? t?fs ?sit?
t m - t m'wti ( m - f w m ) iflis m m ? t ? m i w f^-iim m u l l t H c n fif^ i s e i i t i m f i i ^ - m e ? fi<3 mt i
msen n mm? m m t ? mite itei i t m mâ ie? i i ? f i d b-(t8/i8(to i c n 1? if%i f l l ?te i t H f f i f
mii??t?m mâ ' m i f i ?f'-ifl? it's?t%i? (bî/ i^^s- (lVo/i(S'lib--b-18/i8'bS>) t?fC1? ^ ^ S l i f i l t c n W H I t ^ l
ho'^/iao^), m m m i t n t e n wtmtft fitien w i ?sc? I t?tei? iTtHH (oi*ifll f i m i i i t n f?5?t (?i?i?t) ?t?t?
?te l t d I f ? t?ten c?it? m i t f%fi f ? citai iflis Hwitf f n H?f, t ^ t m , i t i m mwti-ifl b^8/i8'bo h i
it??tmen ie?i, itHcn cia f n m i i t m , fi^ f n i iflt ?te hiîdob H 1 1 ^ H W f 1C?11
f i f n t c i t i d t i f i n d n m m f n ?t?t ifefli iflt n d ?if5i ? i <3 m t e n fft mi i S m i c h iflift
n t?id wiiei? m f i m i m e i ie5i ^ t m f ? i fciti ?tcci ?-i?i#t fi?m I (flt f i ? m Ifli i f i t f bîi/is^b l t d
if^ mi I f?1s[ "i?c?? itfimii 4 f ^ m i i e i ? ift m f i ftHc m i l d m f t ? C5tt I d 1 mic?? 115 ^tc iflt l i f ?
ftfit! n m i d i iflfiit iftie?? wntmidâ mfime?? I t c m n 4f25 i?t mt; f i f I H t H itemci? Hf? tH? 4tia
iflt I t f f t n ifie cut m ; f i f ifti t?tei? ?? ffie, if%ci im If I d I iif'5,Hm?f?H?iwfi'^?t iflfiH i i t i d
itftiisff? ci^cai m m iflnmd m^sifieiti i d c?, i 8 i citeii ciitd 'SiiiH i s i t ? f f f i i tint? Hwf ite?i i?f3 n
i ( t " i i d cimmitft!. ifli it^îti m e m Sigtfi'^?t t m ?tc mi lit? 4 m ? i ^ 4H? ifnt? wm fiewen
ri; 1 t H iflift c m atfifi ?fsftifi i f i e n if?f^[fe i f ^ ^ . ? # c f n I ifltne?t i f ^ t ? t e n B B i t e n i t f t c m
t n t i t fisiem
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Contents
i88 tm
hib/idio m I W ffi i f % i tm, m?eifi?t, m-wtitm ifl?s
iflis. tiitit HfstCT's tmcnitft! îsff f#tci tiiti il t m ifim i f i i t n (itim his/ictob- i d ifim icn)
I d I Hftlttl ftmsl ^ ^ ddj-SS,M 1 1 fft ^1tt d i t d mm Iflis it??tm ?i tmen ifiai IT?T? fimm
1 1 % ^ f i l t l i c B I ^5nit ci? it^sift f%ttc ntn i t i H i t - i f l i ?ft?tei I tm 1? ffi f? t?tci? 4f leitficn ie?i, m i I t
i?ilt? iflt itftm-is^ff? S,i< 5f|?i ic?i I tntf t ? t c i ? (smiSi-it^ ?tc n iflift fi itapiei? itfsm ciit
f t f i t f % Iflt 1 1 ^ I f l i t m l i i t a t m fim i f i c i t f i c i ^ fiitfli I i i t , ft?tc? f i m n t n ?t??im-ifl? f f T ?
11-tm ^ 1 % W I C l t f t ? ftC1 l t S ^ f 1 f l l ?tc l f % 1 t l H (hiijiao'b) 1? mitit I t i Cs>0'bMoo--s>i'b/i(tio)-m
<5tc i n ?tit Ittc I t c i I iflt n ^ , i^ fci iflfiit ittn, 1#ciii4"si^ I C H i f ^ ^mi ie51 miiit m fatm itapii
iii-wtit?t (cicificsfiit) (s t ? t c ^ "mit tittitcii i f l i i m ifim ifiitflcn I ffi mi-^ f d ; (hib/iaio) m
CI its^fi i f ? i i iSiH mt t?t?t 1 ^ fn I tnftei? m o H? m ?tei t ? t i d i u iflfiit ?te Sfi
I t i t i t 11W1SC11 Ssiffci? I d cm itit i s i f t ? ? m Ifli fiw? mten i f ^ <5tc i tm i? ^ ^ o / i j i s
m t n t i m f l l m f i c n S-s.iH ^ i iflt m c i t mt f"gig I t e i mHm-ifl? 4 f i ^ f^ mt, tms m tnt%i ii i t i t s i
i f n t c ? ? 1-Hf f ^ i voh/i8o<h I d mfti W l i f i i t mn i t | (jib-/i(2-i^-ji)î5j/i(2-ô)-ifl? tiuitftit? flit emit? i?tw?
2tftt i c n I mi tm ^ i t f f i ^ i i Iflt m ? d 5 imm? m ie?i I I C I fiue itmit ?t!|? itmt i " ! ? i w i t f i d ,
?tW*ftitC I f i i 1 d 1 I W l H i m ? (br8i/i81-b-lVi8'5sl)-'fla t?tif?m?t?fm I ifteiitm?t?m?teitititen4f
f c i Iflt ? t w f 2fti n s t i f % i t m (flis I d ftm 1 1 % i ^ i f ? itgiem 0^ ^ ifl? ff^ iflfiit I t t i ? I W S?t itt?t ie i
mstmfi mt i mmmmcnt ici S^r ?-Tm (b-'iViSibib- H^ ntft mull i]is ?>elt?td H i ? i f i <p[5<ii ? t e i i i
b-b-/i8'ib-), f i f i mi f f ^ citc3i? c i m ftcn, mm m^ci
m mfim-ifl? 4 m i i d d , ifltfid t?tei? ?twj fim?
i m i f n t (b-'i8/i8'is) t ? t d s t e m i d i itmnfiH'?^ i?i? i e ? I I t i t i t ?si iiSb-fiH^'b I W ?^ ifimit ifici^s
cn m m f i m mf m'tid i m i c n iflis if%i tmt tnftei? # ? e i ? fifg 'iff i i t i t !5tct tmi? liwg
f i i f f i "5t?t m I i f f ? ms,ffi ftfitf ifl?s, cteitfii
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H f i H i e n Iflift e i f - H f t ^^tfi mt 1 i v v i <(. f i i t ' s

n I T5H tmft % n t c m w f t Hfsnm m t f i i m i i e ^ i?t^ iHm HHCI ?tfi?tien i f ' s H ^ f i m t fiw?
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of persia, i ^ c i t itsoo [m?(S g. (vs)

cm fes H f i l , w m <m t m fec^ cmm ^ H ^ I "ilt Encyclopaedia Britannica, i ^ l . ( t m 4 ? ^ ) 'il?S
imci m HsHmfn f i c ^ ^ôb icn i m ^ t m i \ 1 . ( H ? f i H 4 ? ^ ) ; (8) The Statesman's year Book
s t u wT#?i t f n c n Scmn I H T ; H U n i is-os. (. 1966-1967; ((?) World Muslim Gazetteer, H t f t
fsfiwti'w-%rm ^?ifHtft 'nf m-ifli mns?? I H
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iHm ^mtcn^ H S t H c n if%Ht3ci mt 1 i n f i c i ? f t f i c ^ i f t t?tci? imi c m m ?#c m?s ic?i i H W T ? ?
w*\ Mttn ' i t H H % n m I C ? m%. ihib ={.-'S\ f i n t i S w t ^ m i mt? H f i m t f ^ I H m i 'fl?s S ^ m m " A I H
m f i w c n I U f n t c? f f f mmen fsH mt i % ? Hftff mn m#? ?Tts.i 4 f ^ I H m i I c i i t ? f i c i ? S ^ H ? I I H m i i
4f? I C ? I "itt i m t tsc?5fn H % ? j i ^ f t H c ? i f i = i t ? t c i t t i - t ? t f i m cn^sc? t?t3 H n t i c n " A I H c i t ? ? n i m
"illftfimMntflff (South Persian Rifles) 1 ^ I C ? i f t H I iSi>8 ''f. fH c!|m f i ^ f r n t i c ? ? fH ^ n i c n i
is>is ''f.-iii? f??fc?? m?ci ?^ ?tftif ?n ^ ? t H tc ^fti i c 9 ( s \ f-"ii? b- w i l t m " m m t ? i i , w^, t m
n mm t H H : ? n m ic? "it??, i f % i ifm f f f m i t f % t i ( ^ u ? ^ m i 1
mnn ?^ if?c itmc? w i i % n f?cm m if?c f f # ? f?fpf "^tci t m fi?cii= itH c m n i c ? ; fif
? ^ ? t f t % H:5f c?ftmc? sfestt mm i "iit 4wm m m t ihsi f-lii fiat lf%5 ( H f i H (s f t i ) t ? l i c i tm C H ?tc
m m n i fc? ihi\r ifnc? ipwtt citeiu? cnsef wtififiiei iftm if?c ? f i c i t m HC mftfH w t m i
i s H t v s liiif? ??cn "it?# m#? f ? c m n? if?c ts'c?^- I C I ^"jj m H s (3 citfc? H f t i t t H C I ? i m w 4c?i
i"=tci Hifii ttitc m i 1 I C ? I i"!j cic'tg? fnt m tm fat f?-m f ? m f i i t iîm
^ c n ^m f?t tm ?tc a i m t m ? 5 f ? H I H m i v^m i c n I f t i (3 ?tfim i f t "fli f a t i i t ? ? i l t ^
iii?l t m mHf8? ( L e a g u e o f N a t i o n s ) - ' ^ ? i m n H imticn I C I t m f i mfim H ? c f 5 i T ^ m ?sc? i f i f i i c ?
IC? I i>c9ic9 f f t m ? i f t c? ^ i m i f w m i Sm ?n tlim t H i c i fiai i f ^ f m 4e?twci c i e i ? m itH m n e ? ?
f t c n 2 t f f itc?i m i I f i f (ilt ?n?t ? # ? H i m c? Hsi miH 4 m ?#e m i i 'f%e t^t^s S e ^ i?t m i c i , ^
H?t? i m i Sm I C I tHcn msraiffi ^ ? c # t i itH tfnf^ c n ?t?i< 1 ? f i a ; H f t i t "!J H e n cif t ? t e i n m "^^He? H i
?tHm i H f H i f ? ? t S i - i H ( s f ? H m ( j , L L u = j ) m a ? f c i H f i i (s ? f f t i H f t i t is.8"5j 'f.-"ii? H b H e i t H 5 f t f i i t m
i m m m ifnt n i f ? H m stf?m iff Hfg^ n i cici m ?te i # i H m, fff citHc? H f t f t m^s w I f i H ? e i I n e i e ?
"ilt ?5m?t c i f ? men sfcim f n i mSf i c ? i ?i? f%H Hum i f i H i ? i?iti^ ' ^ c i ih8b "^.-m C I l t d tmt f i m
f?*jisim (3 ii#m cmi^fiei mffei ft? i f c f mm mx. C I ? I " S I ? t c t t m wtfisen i m i "^.-m "itf4d 8
8omt?^5?ci?>iiiHH^'Jnj<tlftf lîe?i I i s . ^ o f HH f i t f ^ e ? ? ? 4e5tt? wt#? i s n ^ n f i i w t f t i H i ? itH
4 m iff ? i I m?m m? mm utHci i s f i H m i isi^tj- '^.-ii? I C ? "ills C I H d s f i t f ^ 4 m iff f i f ^ n i ^ 1 t i n m
nett?e? mft? isn tmei i?it^ ifnt mm citeiu? "ins "ititseH- t?tfim m m i c?imiif m w t f i mine i t n t
m i l itt? I "f.- "fl? fSero isien fims mjitft f n t ? ^ i e ? , fif t H C I ? itHfn, "ilt finH mitie? "iiiHm
mmmitîtH H a l ifnt t ? t e n m m m ' ^ m c m H i f t f I iS'(2-^ l i l t H d mitl "ilt H H i f ^ ? f l H
4 m icn I n ttet tnen "iii fsi fcn f 5 H m i H f i H n i i f c & t ? g f t e i ? i f t ft?ifi 1 = 1 1 f^ I H
(fwtf? 1C?5.) I m i I "ilt m t mmm 8 f i t f m i ? i c u i m t i e m f f t
4 ^ H ^ 8 HlHl T j f t c m i ?tc Sflfi f n ^ H ? f?mf? m i 1 i H i f f t S H "fl m mm m i i e ? c?, ihcto '{.-m
4îft? W H H?m''r tHcn t f H i , fcin "ii?s ? s i imci c i m t f t e m m i i r f c n f i m ^ 4 ? i i e ? i I wtm i ^ i e n
f i f i 4 i t ? i t 5. tm imi H?t?i ?m?it? S^Ht ? c i t , Hf i ? , H i i m f i f f ^ e i ? iff? f??^ c i t m ? t H S e i mi
1H8 ( i ) M.Schwab, Bibliographie de la perse, tm iiiti H H I C ? I f i t f m f5e? wn m i t c ? ? ff%c
mf?i ib-HS- ^. "ills ((5,) A . T . Wilson, A Bibliography H i ? ie?i c?, i s H t l f M " ^ 1 1 tm iei= "iiis,ffi i s n t f i H
tntit fisem
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iSb-
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e J T O 1 ^ R t R TO? I -spftM 'S t T O R W t r a ? W M ' I W R t ? ? ^ TO^ ^ R?^fR?? ? ? T ? ^TOrlT ^ i f T R ? '51T:?T
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mi ^ M I lift TO-M^tW? lil^l^ ^ S t T O ? 5 LF?TOft^ TO? t^tOT? R ^ M W M ? 'S Wt?%Rt?W? Wsm^ TORR
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R?1^, M 'S 'St^lM S t ^ M t t ' S '5J??tS}êt I (RiSRt 1 t ^ lift Rt ^ C?, t?tt^ t ^ ? R?tTt ^ tfsRt
"ttTOTO (?^-1??tt?? ( R t R % M 5 ^ ?TTtTT 2fTO ? ^ M t?s^ ^jTa WI ^ lil??, et|iSlii ^ ^ -nrg i
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tm i8S> tm
m t f mmt fecn f n^ i m H t I (îft i f ^ mf 1 ^ - i j m H3C1? m^ f f i isiiFtig m w mncn Sn

mmt? m fiaRt H t mt i f i i i?m ffî-itâm c? m c i f i i I H mi I mîcifcw? i f i i i fn c?m fiiHrnncn
wfiitm i m f % fi# fiitfn, mt?t mtti? mt fîif mt I i ? i f i H i m^ i s a t i ^ 8 I t e n Iflift fim
iflt m ap? iftu 1 ? I iflifuotd iflt ^ m^ftnfi Itt: 4 f i ^ i f i H 4 t c i c4?i I H ? t 1 C I H C I imT m^ ?m?
ifmf It rtfmt Se,miff mw m ?? i iflt mmt? fi?i.m^ lilt ifio ifl?s w i i H i if?m-if?5^ H f i c Sp;
isil^Tt?cH?) iflift ist^ m ifliRiMfititifiicwm if? I mmt m n m n n-nff, i ? f r t 4 t i if?m-if?5^
if?t
wiit?t?m I f f 4f%fl ?? I mmt? iTt?.rt 2tfi?5OT? H m imiim f H t i m H c n i t m i c i f f i citw mncn
i?ifitf?cf? n t i ei?w^ cRtU f n j!ffi?sm ^ m t m m i f e ? if? f i m t H Hwci? H f i f i n i H 1 C 1 e,i? H f i I
r[Hitmo(Hi Jifiiw? mt^mift;??2lfii c ^ - f i ? j c n m iflilt 'Q?5f f i f i i f i m t n ' i i i 4
n f t n ? i i T H ^ ?? lfl??. fiimmt? i f ^ itt? CICI? 4tci-ic3i? lfl?? i ? c ? cifs 15 m i t l 4ff% mt i iflt
stf%fif mt 1 Iflt m i H f ? W f c m m f i i S^5c?t^ S ^ i t H I m i f i c ? fimf? f i n i *mitfi?if'fic?tHc5i? ifci i-lit
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mH ??!, 2tt?itif c m , l i t w f i m wt?it?mii f 5 H mt, HHC H I cj!ff? cm i ? i 2 t ? i I C ? i wiicn icu
t?tci? i m mi? cwfc? fi?fw?t wf "^?t ?it I i f l t i f t c i ? Ifli ?twM1 Wt1?1 f i t mi, I t m W f t H f Wtf H C I H C I
I C I f H , 4fi?5 iflii i f f c i ? w u w t f f ? t f t i c i ? m r ?tm îciisn???!
?tm t f i i f c n I Iflt n t c i ? ff%ct mt?m is>'5s^ î Ifli. fimtf (Hm, t . ) / ^. ^ni^ wfi
c n ? f f t m f ? I f f n f w c i ?iwSifiim if?m isfm ?5c?i i () ?iSilf 8 t m iio ft s i n c i (m) ( ? i t c i ^8ft)
t m ? n t?tci? i f t w ? tf?fci I f f n t w 4li?tc?? i f?^ r 4f 4WC1? i n c i ' f i t i m ' ?m mt i c?m H
I t w f l l ' (Parliament) ifl??. ' f i c i t ' (Senate)-ifl? H H c??tci? i f ^ i f H 3 i i f ? ? m i t H i f l i w i i H r ?H?tcn Itm
R?l$(o ?? I H w i t f c?m, 4fft 4 C 1 1 mm i c n f t i?c? H^, itm
ffi i?mc?? m t t f t f i m iflift ism ?? lif^ ifliH i??ci'it?mm' ?m mt 14fft m ic?ift c w m ifl??4f
^ - c i t w ' (fimfi M i l ) sif^ H , Itmt? i f i ? f c w m ic?ift m n H^ i H mi i c w m 4 i f H c i ' H i i m '
f i m i s ( i ) f i m i ? fit f i ? H m f i i c ^ ifm i l a t lfl?? 1 1 3 1 4 i t i i c i f i ^ ? m m f 1 4 H 4 f c i i f l i w i 4 i i 4 m
M i c H Itw ^ c c i m - i c ? f i ? m c m ifl?s ?tfi?5cti?ci H c i I iflt 4f5i 4 m ?j#o m H I 4 i t i i t c i # ? m n c n
f i m l i c i t ? mfi H , ifHc tmt ^ # ? i m i w ^ j fi?f[b n I
i m r i ^ It if?t: H t ? , i 4111 ? t i i - ? i f i ? f f i m w u fim 4C118H? m ^ccis ( i ) fmg m m , i-nfti mm
H u m ^ i i , (^) i l M i s 4 1 1 4 t i ? i i f w ? S ^ i t H tm lf^, CH11?.11t i(t,oo,ooo, H W I t f H I ; ('^)
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f o l 4 ^ i m c i m H l lfl?? 1 ? l f i 4Q t f i n ? ^ 4 ^ ^^,00,000; H W I t f I f f ; () mimfim % c i t u s H t
i m c i f i m m ; ()rnnHtims 4ii-ic3i? ifitfifitc^ i i 4 f i.%00,000; ?tw?tf t?fi; (8) if%i m?t??t?ms c m s i s H t
i f m f t cim ifl?s m I ' g t m c i ? w u f i i c i ? i c u mmfii \r,oo,ooo; H w u f f i m t H s ; (a) f i ? m it?? H i f % i t m
iimu-im?ifim f H n-mfiim fft I H , fimi 1^1; c H u s H t i\oo,ooo; ? t w i t f f i ? m I t ? ; (b) ffim
H i t f w i l i i t c a 4 t c i ? c m i w i c i l f l H , 1Hw? i c u s ffim t?t? 1^'f; C1l<M?Hf ^8,00,000; ? t w ? t f mâm;
m^?ffimi f i t i?t 'fl?s mmi? t t i m m m ? fs I H I f i ^ - (1) m i l s c m s i s H t i'h,oo,ooo; ? t w i f f itm; ( b r ) fi?m s
c i f t w cit H I f H i s ' i s t ^ i ifi., Hm?i mt f c i ? f i m C l f H S H f h,oo,ooo; ? t W 1 t f fi?m; (ci>) fmti S ClfHSHf
I H H if?Hci i f l ? s H H f i H : i H u m ^ H c i m t f l f i : c m m i\r,oo,ooo; ? t W 1 t f I t i m ; ( i o ) tfltm 8 C l t H l H t

?!f?c ?t I c i m t i t f ? H i ? f H n H W 3 'St m ^ ? i c i i b r , 0 0 , 0 0 0 ; H w u f tiitm; ( i i ) f ? f w i i 8 cmnsHt
8 H t l ? ifli!t.f?CT? 4 f i i = i f i H Ti?-ijm m c i csi?i i?t i (t,oo,ooo; ?fW?lf ItmifW ; ( i ^ ) itm C?ff6m, CHUSHt
CIHCI im?i w i t i c i f i m 4 m ?5f? i tmT mosf :i(to,ooo; H W I f f t H f t m ; ( i ) 1 U 4 C 1 1 8 C?m fiim
ifl?sfiîtc? i H c n H i ? f H n i f ? i f i m mf if^ i^fei t?t? iî, c m s i s H f 8\r,00,000; ? t w i t f c?m I
m l ? H f i c? ib-Ao ? < m c n i c u t t m ?tc fi?Hm mtl 8 mfnt CHS? itHUi? f?-m fin H?itf flcn
iflci?fc?t f?ifi'5t?i i f t I C I C I ? ? @ 4 m IS^ l i t e ? ? mtl 4 i n i i f 4fiii fn wtt?
iflt b ? ? c n i s m c ? ? n c i ^ i 4?i i f i m n m m m m i i m (Parliament), H H icsoi^ -^.-m f c i ^ lfl ?? 1
ifliit ip<)v)H m f t i c ? i , c i t i ? H n c i m ^ j c i l w ffi c i f w ' i s f i m ? l l i H ' (Senate) l k n > s ^ w H I f n ; f i f iô-o -^.-m
t n t f fi^cm
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C^p^^llf C t H a m tH I m I s H t H i ^Jsoisr, f H g tHiHfti? litttm ? C I H ? t c c i fH i a t m

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fiw 8 t m w nê, f i w t ^tcôc^ ?m?ra 1 s f t f f H yfjnn s r ^ t i t 8 ( i ) Elwell-Sutten, Modern Iran, I ' a i

mt?^ ' S i i f n titcôc^ I i H t i R - i f l ? . m m T i t w m i ^ 8 i f; (^) i^ C I H , Persian Oil, A Study in Power
mtdj n 1 ?m?ra n t f f ftapa m C f i d T i T 1 t m Politics, I ' Q l ih(t(t [.; ( ' ) Haas, Iran, 9c&\w4 i i
ntcfH t n t m I t m m ^ mffa tiff i f t c w ihSb '|.; ( 8 ) M. Ahmad, Pakistan and the Middle
1 1 mmt H t i i c i I mtmm tf& c?ii s , t m c n East, i n t f f i<8br '|.; (<J) Lanczowsky, Russia and
ifiw I t t f m ?fi m l i u f t f i m wfiw i f n t t f i i f i n i the West in Iran, i c n t S f i m f i i t i S i S b - (b) m^JI
fnt m ttîtfti m i i n "^t 1% ^^scm? m ific H f f m f f , The Muslim Neighours of Pakistan, I t e m
I t c i i c i ^ 1 f t , t t c ^ iH iflis # ^ s f f i f n t i itnmi ihcto ^. i s i - ( f b r ; ( s ) Ann Lambton, Landlord and
it^f-s f i n c ^ ^tf^ I t n m t ^tfi ? t i f c i , - C l l t C I i , i c n m Peasant in Persia, i n f i S t l i i S x M f.; (tr)
1 ^ i i f S i i mnn t i f i c i ^ ^ o f f ??i i tH H I H t c ^ f c m f i i Vreeland, Iran, f i S t i i ih(t<\ %; (h) Wilber, Iran,
flfi, mf fi, mil iflis tm f w f i i ^ s f f n immt-s mi Past and Present, f s t l t i ihSb- %; ( i o ) i& C I H ,
? t i t f i m i i c n t i , n f c t i i i f i w c i g i ihbo f cici c]t Contemporary Iran, H S t H - m i S ^ b o (ii)
1 ci# H a ^twin H 3 1 fatlft i l n i i H fn i Lockhart, Persian Cities, 1 1 iS.'bo (i^) mifl
c H i T c H i i T T ^ 8 t H C I t e n mnn H t i i H ii m i f f . The Modernization of Iran, c%iem (lltfl-

i f t m c i Iflis mfii cHSn I t f f n t n i c n I cici H t t i i c n cn e i t f n t ) i S . ' b i % ; ( i o ) Hardley Taylor, Bibliogrphy
H51 f i i t i i H ? i 1 S t i - t H f n t i cn^ra n 1 H t l 1 ^ , H H of Iran, i n i S . i b 8 % ; ( i 8 ) Benedick, Industrial
tf^fiHfis-ifli c ^ f f n w H iff, ' c H T & t ' ^ tm|i if^ mitff finance in Iran, m ? H t S f i m f i f t cafl i s . , i S b 8 '|.;
(i<2-) Peter Aveiy, Modem Iran, m i,s.(^
t H c n cn-sei icii H H C I sffcif n ^ ' s f n i f t f i m ( 4 ^ 1 ^
t t f i m , fw ^ t m c m i f t ifs= i H '^cci i f i i t tn^îci i f l i f i f f f iflis t ? t e i ? i t i f s a i , 5. ' J . <to^ t . ) I mn-s g. ( i i ^ )

isftHw n t n ^ s i c n i fif^ ^ d e m t n ci5 "itn i H ? t i l c i iflis W. Theimer, Pengulne Political Dictio- naiy, I W
c n n "ê f m t c t n i f t ciTcn H H C I iflis H i m , m ,
iSiiSS) ( i i ) Hyamxson, A Dictionary of
^ c i t ^ f i S t n r i n i f t cnf^'e c m c n H H C I I S I H I ^tft International Affairs, m iS.8ib'!(.; (ib-)
<tîci I n g w t f ^ i iftn m c i t m i f f ? fiiii tit t H c n t n Encyclopaedia Britannica, ihô f; i ^ l , (t(tb- t . -s

f i H f i H c i I c?m -s nmm m w t f i i ^ c i i c n c i g ^ i i s l , <2-8b- t . ; ( i S . ) World Muslim Gazetteer, 1 ? l f f
c i c n i ] ^ i fim n m H I ^ t n t f i m i f l m -stnw-ifln i ^ 8 %, ^. i S . t . ; (ô)The Statesmn's year Book,
f i n ^ i I t?tn Hm t t f i m , tn, m i t f i m Ht"s luartcBjn 1 9 6 6 - 1 9 6 7 . 1 1 iSxbib f, f i i o > t ) t . ; ( ^ i ) "mit m i m
I H t H Hwmffc, t n f f H c t ^ Hrm i c n i rnifl, Iran In the Reign of His Majesty

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavl, t s e ? # " ^ C m-
lifT. 8 cici t f n i t c i Hfie, e,ttfi m i 1 i f l n i l i t ?
^c ttu 1 1 = f i i H w t n f i c H - s H t iflis f n w i t ? ?tc i f l i
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m ^ c ? H c ? , ' m ? ? c n t m I C ? ? ^ 1 i ^ n i ? m f
tntf fisicm
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t5H
m t S m n m m i t m imarmt i d mx ^Hbi)i<Mfini S m n n ^ f i i m nf ? m c i m m f i ic?, n ?

m f m t d t u m?bmHm1titd4?iim i w t d mgfii; (^) t?if i f ? i i "flim n t ?im m i f ? fifii
m f mm iHsT mr ffb ?? i latmi s t n - m f ? 5 % i f i m ? m if?c m? m n m 'm?f m t i a ? S m i i i i f i
i f i o i t f W m fii& c t i mt i^f^mfiid? itf?^ 1 "^f^HHi t ? ? m ? m ( f iiff/iti mm? fici)-"ira muci ittHiim stm
ftiT.f-f fifim? niiiîid t ? i m t m f fci? 4m if? Q arm ^ mte n c i 1 atn fici t?if i f ? i i i i ? f i H m
% n ? i # i m f m m - m t i f (mmi'S'i- fmi?i, it, -jsi) i ?bm ' m ? ? c m i i ai?id? i c n m i m i i m i I m S T i i c i
ff? ft. 4tt 'ld? if? f l c n I 1 ^ ?f5 *llft c m s t?mit?rcn n s f o n sm ifiojii ic?i 1 t?t?i
cmi cm<3 ic^ afcitwf? m m isHiî^c^f^ i f i i t f o i 1=1
S m i i c n I liitii n Smfi mH t ? i f i f i c n fiw^
,1^ ^ jjL imci if?i ?? 1 c m mrnt ?titi n f ? i=i^c?? i t m i s m
'm] i m mfi tf?f n f f i c i f i c f cifttc? ? m 'm?f n f i u f ifUc? mtft 1 t?if i f ? i i t H c n atfft ^
i m cm c m a i f ift i i f t f i m ^ ci 'ff?ici 11 b f i c ? r' iff?^ ^ f t i M isc?ifw if?m ^?ifiid mt mmfifit ic=^
if? mf ^'Ticsr? 2tfi 'tci? ?>f? ? t m f???ft fif% ic? 1 if?i ic?i 1 ifi'm??ti i i ? f 5 ?H?i ?5fi i t HojiHfit
m i iî?tfii m i i i ? i ? i f fifi?tci?, m f ?'iii' f f ? m i ?r5tti n f ? n c a f ? msfs ( S m c m c m man m
ici? if? f l c n (mi-f'mi m'mff? mi'mf?'i-'mwm, isri^fi >ii?s m ?j nci) 1 i m i m m ci, i m f
f i i f i m - t m m - t fi?, % i ' l i ) 1 ^ ? i i i ? if?cstfm: ffi m f i m ^ m m m ? i ic? t?tci arm arm m ic? 1
if? n i l ? c^. o c ^ v ^ s s o ) n r n i f i i i f ? f l c n 1 i^f?tfii i>if? S m S m i H f l t n itmtlmtifitcmtai Itim
f i w i f m ? i f mt?it#3 i=fii5itc? (mt? ms'im, si?"t^ <M*if^ ? m n is>vs/b-ov 1C1 m f i n m i f t?icn afoi^ ^ m
l f l f H ^ , f i 8 ^ ) , i f ? miwtm m u f f (f m i1t?t 11 u s ? i?tlHi ?fi?l 1C1 ? ? I t?t f ^ r n j I C ?
c^cô/v\58- v v s e ) if? m f ?-i?fci? f i i s f f c n if? f l c n 1
CI, t?iiiw? mm t?icn ar3^ i m ? "itiwi i f i ( i m m )
cfU, m ? m t n 'm?fim? f f i s i f ( f . ^-jsWiîî) S ^ i f t ? T i t i i i f ? i c n i j m igiftf5iat?ic??ic=îi?ttm'^fm
mimm ?f^ m ? m ( f < 3 m ) m 4if? ? t ? i it?t? i n m 1? istfi ?}si?it fiPfeifi5T?nti?lcn; () i&f?lfii
ni 1? i?ft?iu3'Cj H n c ? t m t i sfcici? m n 1 ^ mc ^5ff<3^ l i a t n i f i 'immcn atn t?if if? ? t m i i t ?"Hi
fit? n I -iftf .iip*pif ?m?sm m m i d ? m i f n t c n ; H f i?m i n t i f i i c m <^f?tfii?f n<N ic?i
( i R j t f t i if? ?5f? m f ?-Tin? f n S f fct miatî i c n 1
n t 1 t?tc atitfi ?? CI, t?ici? atn m i ' m m m ^ m f
.^Hmfii ' m f f f f ? str^ ( f i r j i - m i m , i t , -^li) t ? i w ? ^c m n n 1 "^f?tfii fiit f?-Tm rnifff t n fm?i
n T i m f i if? ' ^ t < H t i m^sHf? m csi i H m c n 1 if? (miiifi-'simi), mrnif ( m f i , mtci, -î, i^^-iô)
'mim l i t m itfj"?- ? t % n ( i ^ v / b - i o - c ^ i v / b ^ o ) n m l i i imf-imiw m - t i i t ? t f ( f i m f i - m i t f , i i i , a^b) >iit
f l c n i is>vs/b-ob--voi> 1C1 l i f m iifw? a t n m m ? m m i^f%?tfiiaicn i m * f i f i i t r ^ ci, m f i t n f'iif??m
nc^ f f i i m 4 i ? m i f i m ? m i f i i t f l c n , S m 411 fiititr? f c l ('^so/'^sVo-'^s8/'^sb-^s) 'm<MlH t ? i f?m t?fci?
n m ttcci 8 f m i m m itnmot Hf^ i t f i m mci i H n f i t n
f m H f im ift m ifib? m? if??i m m i^c?? 1 m
n c ? i H m f i 'imm t n fiiicn f ?tc ? f ^ ?tci
fH im f i m i f i m ?nt ic?i 1 ii ?f6 S^ Hm^m
. "c?imiiTi3it! i i c i t i m i H ? t m i f i f f ? f f 5 c i i f i f i m fiH i5?i 8
i^fi? ^ cifiitHc^ 1 i ? 1 - i l f % i J i ? f f ? ?^?ci
m i f i w i c fimfi i # ? i fii?iicii 1"
smfm imT if aii n m i f i 'm??ii i i ?f5
^ m H i m m?^ s t m l f ? ? l C ^ (A. Lit. Hist, of Persia, "liiiici ItH Itci I -itiici cirsft fmcn itH i t t i 1 >iiiici
21,13) ifi?f'5?jmi'm^tf m ? f m m '2ttflii i f i m i f i i itfcn n I t n 1 cmmi t ? i H i t c n f i m i f ) fimn-?
fiic^ (fif rnnrn-t i - m f l f 4^5.) stm if??icwi ci, i f i f l i s i ?tcci 0^ \"
'mim i i ?f^ i f i H ?>ft ^ n m s i f i c i 5 i m ? m mif tm m f i H : ^ iov/'i^'b mm? i t m i f ? ?'Hm
I C ? , n ? m i f mci? ci? S ? f m i i f ? ? i i f i 'mim i i fifi?icii, Itf'sptfi? I t m t i l 'it?fi?i?m-i'iif m f i f
?fb i f i ? i atm i H i t c n I m ? f f m i ? H <i)m*ffi^ i5i!t? ( i i m ) H ^ fc^ i?ifw ?tH f?iirci afjmi ic?i,
afitHfi ficg isji^ci ifi ?tc(.^ s (i) ^ ^ m c? mifim ^ n fsTtitntfii 'Stm i^cîi ficH^ i f i m ? ^ i r a i 8
t m f fi^cm
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t m
tm
.1 L
? n t m îi'h/hs <i n ) I f ? itntfe fH i?w, m?iti
fi?ism t?t ?i?m ic?i rS?te ?j?? Sntmg^ nff?5.-G
i?we?tu I iH m f T f'mfui ? i i f ^ mten ift isf^
Itfim ?ieit tm itntf 'fî ^[mit' ?nt i c n i iH
mitl fiitt m ? t f (wu ;is>i/s>o iei? fiei) ?if? fintiif
"ii?? SicH ffiiiei f ? I t u ?nT? fin?f Hite?*4?i
(_5J-ol j l j j ill r n > (^J-ol j L j JLJI
i c n i i H m i i - m m i i f i m f i3?siH'mm?tm'G?tf'G
"fH fsmiisi?tc itHm I f H s m m n m t f mte?? ift isf^ fien i "iit fcn i?c# iH iniit
iHmi I fH T J ? ^-G I fH ''i^m "iimi ?te irHm I fH ^ ?tw?sen i??te?? iftt isf^ ficn i fH ?timcn
Hfi ?t?T a r m U s ? iHrrti, fH f g i fH H?M w ? afism i t f i t ?5it if?ei i3?s t?tHlei ?tij?5 i?me? lit
s t m U s i iHm I fH f s R H iMtit ?tc itHm I fH Htw 'sittci I fH i f ? n t ? i fien i tm ? n t ? it?itim "s
?t?n sjjNi ifeti, fH ^ I fH Hm i s m e i fiimn^ ifitim ?ft?tci I s?t i t i w m cm ?te ^ i s?te u??
<t>(3?ii I fH m c^^îK^'i 4R?iii" I S n t i f ? attffî fimi) ?te '{f i tm ?f^ ?iitm
m m Rbiw< mrea iH^s ^ m H iHm nw a f t ? ^ isei mtl I t ltd? n Hum ?ft?tei i i s h j R i ? i f c ?
iHHf cmiT IT?, itH Hw H sniHi m f iHrn fim 'Q it?t?tftim ?ft?fei I att^fw^ i j m f "ir?sffte Hfs
??ijl?if tm ? n t ? fien fi???f ?t?t ?ft?tei i fstitci? m
tmr iHw? ml? iiHti "s i?ten nit? iHm i r n i f i i i - G t?ten ?Mt? ^ ?nt n H 4^1 if??teii i ^
ms ?? tHft mmsm m f m i i ^ît f c t ? iH ? - H w K f m t f H i t ^ - t iptitf 1 fgiitf fien ?m f H itesi iflt
mmit (^. '5iis>-:^;io/b-o8-b-<?) Hen mj-sr? (f m) ^^?tei I i t ? f ?iu ? n t ? atime?? i ifijt ?iu ?bm m^
n^HT 2(11 I vsiHft mmsi W W ninftii fien f i m f ?tcei Hi cificn wu cm fimi af?ii
(c5.Q-8/b-"!}<i-5.s.o/s.o) mrf itHcm f 5 H i i I t m i?t I "i:t?ii cm? 'Q fimi at?iiei I t u ?nt? Ri?? if??t iH
iHii iwiwif 'Q S,mitt Hen i ^ miten atH^tt n i t tm i f i m ii^î?mift?t?j?m?#?teii i fH
i T ' f 1 t f T m i "mf mtl nfit i m iHm t?tei iHei it#m -sm tint s t ^ ' Q I t i f ?i?7ii m i f i i t f i e n fif
H H m if iHe I t itHnt iHei, ci i # m if itH iH men i m sttei S?t H f ? t ? t fiitci i
It, mt mtci i t t c i i t It ?tei? ( m n tlti-t isH n i H ie? c? iH ituf mte? litcim i f i i UtH
mtHijt-t tm, o i ; t'f 1-t itm -m fte) i tmt It i5e?i fH ?tcc^ 1 ^ m'Wf ?tif I fH m t f m m
isH itftHjmi mit tm isfit f i i ^ mti i c s t ^s ^ t f t mên iteiei ftmit? ?m it? i^cni; f i f itaj m
i f m n I m? t f t mc^ i f ^ i f^tm t n "siti^ fiew iH mt? cm ?mit? imrf ^ m n fH f s f i r a K i ff? i t e n
fien 1 fH mm? atism îiitfii niitit m t isfiitfien i ?cs fi? ? i I isH iti^t^ n n ?biiff? S m i iH fien i
rni^tff mte?? iH fte?t? itlf?#t (ij. ^bi/^ha) I t i ? t f t ffit t?tei i ? t ? l u ?Mt? at?i Hen i ii ? f 5 ? 5 8 H
it?i (c^fe<?/b-tb--:^b-vs>oo)-ii? n r n f n ficn i fH mit 19 ifim i^tfit t m ? ? i iReei 1
mifm ^ j i i ism m f n ?r??te?? wu le^t ficn i iH ititf ?tw??en rnitid t?tei mu ? ^ itititfi i t i f
I f f I t f i i ? i t f I t i ? t n ii?c^? mtifiis fien i mtf
l u ?m'G S,i? It iHe Itei i mei ?fS l u 4mf^
?tw??en mtl (;^fei/b-<i8-b-s>As>s>) n s t t?tiff%is % it, cm cm-G 4^ n m "itn m it-sit m m (mm, m f i - t
ns ?t f l l 1131 ff%i 1 "ilt c ^ ^ ?tw?sen itntiei ititfi?jt-t tm, f. (ô) I 'Z)8'bts>(t'\ iei i iie?? mn?st?
I t f f titf?i " I t f i i isfiHlci Hfitei ntifs ^ sitft
iteiei I t f I t i f i t n 1t?fi?'-?tm^'mfi ? f 5 fi-iffit-t
i?t ?t I Sm I C I "ilt fci m f tit c?i Si3iit ie? i m?uit? I t f ? l u 4 t H "iinvs fiutm ?(??ici i S^ 4 ?
e? 2||t>jRn vfSei? ?'Htie "ii?ii i c i im i f f ? ie? ci, mtf
m ? f - t i t f ' itf?fiewtiit?fe?fs I'm?f itn^f^
?tw?sen i g f & i i m f tm "mf i e i ? i f 2 i e ? i m t?tei "itiH ' i t ? f H o S?te m 'tt? iH I S?te nticun im?it
'mf fm 2tm arm c?r? ifie c m ? i i cstt if?ei (A u?? ?t?iei e? ?te msitHi ? i m art^ n t i i t f
Lit. Hist, o f Persia, i i , ^z/bd) i l H I t f mf ItHt? ' I t i t m i r f , HH 'mifi itHi t n ^ (ô8ô/s.(^8-^^)<ô/
^ tft 111? (wi/(i>8:i-vo8ô/s><?8)-"it? mte?? im^H fien i hbi) Itif? tn (o<?o/s."55i-o^Vs>i'!s)-^ iff f%n,
>^f?ffi?s ftmei? ?imfte? (tf i - t mtfi?jt-t tm, ?st?it tit? "t?tf? m f i 'Ste^ mitl iê^ I ^ i g m ste^
b-) liatn ffit m f tm m-itft cjff? mr (c? mem mt m ifiti I atn fcn i t ? f l u ?nt? a; fH'it5f
mim 2 F F ^ "snci? cle? f i i iftitei) mt len (m m t l ?t 'mft? ?bu ftf' I t e i if%H "ît I t e i i ^ ftfet
t n t f fijiem
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Contents
tm tm
m*(Hi H m ?t?H iH?teii c?, ' s i H i n t m n H ' S t ^ iH
mitf (?f) if^ ?H ( H ^ fmf, H'i'i-'mwti, i i , iî;
>|civsiH m ^ f-mtft (vv/f!.s.v-8;î>/i>oo)-? tiss mnf I t l t l - . mf1-t mHH?Tr-t tm, ^. is i) i n s t n sftwHi
mRs,rra i m m n tflmH Htm t? mnf imtmt Hml lH tcl (Ethe), m o s n f t 1 (A Lit. Hist, of
mf?tf m f I f f >83^ i'bi>i? c^Ks iHhs mil "fit fct ie#? Persia, i l l , ;i<^;i) S ^ mH? stH IfH Hetff i c n i tmt
m f n m t f H 'pnf ml f H 'sn sii m m:? i HHitcfi, ' s i H i n t m it?iH:^ ?i5Hm 'êefi iH mitf
iH "Sif-f (^^(ô/is.>^>i>-8i'/io^3s.) mhif mmmm (cut) 1 HH iH mitf (?) ?tc mog h% Hen i c l e i t ^
snHfi-^'mr i<ft^ i H m t fen i mfcip n:^? i^H (mitf 1 5 ) Rif=i<i5 iHt? ?bl?i Hen i n t e m i
i^m cfmu m <i5R?i< mtci HH tm <Mf iiiifc^ cstifn^ mHw iHtf >fl1HHi n t c i t n t m 2iHi-'iH?itcii c i ,
mi? ^ HsfitHrni^r;?? H n Hni stm ?#?tm i HH simmiH-? ?eHm iH mitf (i) i c n , nsm ?eHm
f s i ^ i H ii?fw siiHI?\s 'iii't<f>\siih?) ti?m Hf <Mf hi^ ?m ?tce^ iH mitf cut (ifi^-H1?i' 'mmi, j. i(M) i
mn i iHmsi mfm 'iit?;i Hm?%i ?5m H???f?id ?=H Hf^bHf itHl-tf (^. sîjioso) ' m n iHcn ? n t ,
sj?i iHmm, ?mt imt Hm si?i iHc men i i^mp m Henme? strnH Hen i t m ?H i r f i t i ^ ? i i
?Hs f^m-t mi'm (m?M^ tm w iHcmi i HH iHitei 'm?f I d ? H ? m "mnf f i Hhh stitf? m n i
Hf muff sf^ ?nt ?3H?rtcn; Hf -smHi m m??t C l H m I iHi^ HfHtt, meim i H , nfH? ?#, H?m
(piji^j jîj) itf?mmf ^r^mEiSHcnnsHt Hf<3 H C l ? I t t t ? mî, Haten n meim m mten n e ? es?
^ H?m I Hd i?H mien n mt. f m i H m m ? ^ e n S e s i
?5H m??if mf^ ?Twn?rm iH isHtt Hms iH tm i H m m iHitei cih m (egn, 'm?f ?5Hm
Hen I HH HmHm mrm-stemr? ws= Hen i tm iHm H??ife?? C f 1 m m t ?n iHitei iHfS ??) i t m
mH? emiHmi m?m-me?en stH.^rm m?5m:n st?ni iHc2t1%c ? H m CI, i H mpftf itHitf t?l? ? b m "m?f
iHmei I f H ?3Hm Snrnf n nmei tm Hen cmim f H m n i iHsttcn i HH H^ m lenwi i H itif?
Hi I tm ?5f?m i?sf m is;?i Hn HH?^ I mo Hm Hwmte?? i H o i?}it Hen i c ? n "mfrnf, ? f p i f mtif,
i#gmiîHf I I t f f t^litf, H H t f H f , 'SvsiR^ a i y t iH I
meitBT f?l? (2t^ iH Hen imH H?mf (wu ^;/c!>8o ^pim m:^cn ^ f i ? n tm ?iiR>R's i i m t e i ? i c u
len Hei) i HH t?ten m#? m?i ?m? cms itm it? Hhi H f t w i H?5ei HHm c ? t i i m h hHcio tm n^Hm
2tme?? Hi*H ?tH?t H?te^ i m m t imm?i mm H^Hn I t H ? n t m i iHei i imen mte?? iH isHtt iH
? n t ('i)b<t/h'{(t iei m ? n t ?n? mis ?t?t soo/ioojs iei mii-m?tw ?if H i ^ H f H i m (88o/io8v-(j-i(?/iiî)
m nt'S mi) 1 S^ I t H 4e^ HH tmen mfi i^Hmiif m f H ? b m Hen c ? t i T m iHmf Hen i cicH?? iH Hi
tHm lilt iHiten i tm m HH t?ten mfi tHm Hh ? m H Hen c?, l a p c n saFtcs HH s t i c i n i s n mt
fn^^Hi iH?t t?lfen ie?j cHesti, wtt?me?f? I C ? m mt ? s n HH^ f c i it?imiHen i i t H i t e ? m?^
eimieit? wt4 iHiten i im^H H?mil 'itntif ? n t ? mtmfi Hn m^m l i H iRh HH itHmSmfcfi
smf n ?iti? ?i?m m i m f H ieli?me? itHit ^ n i Hie? 1 1 1 S . H 1 iHm mt l e n i ^ît c g f ? iHt?it
n 'm?f n ?i?? ?t?tei, c? chj? Sh ?i?m H^ Hm? (3j...;^ m m imH iHm).tm iHstHm s ^ H i i i i
Hi m I mmH Sm Sm ?e5ip#^ iHfH it?i?i m iHm ?m? m? îi^ f H ^cef ^ JJUI fH 11?
ij istH? mf ?#e iif ?t?tei i viiitHi >iif? HH ^ fH? mi Hen i ^î t cj^f? i H m mw Hest?
f:?tf? mm ?t mHo îfci I mmt imtH ?t??ei?m HH^ Hem Hp? Hfo 5^?t H C I I
imsH Hm"f He^ itHem tHHei m? ?t?t HHen i mitf fci tHm ? n t iim ?5e? i i m i^HmHi
rnntm ? H 5 ?tm stn mei f H f ? HH^ mm ^ît 4 f mfi-itf1 rnnif- (va-/s.s.a--8 '\o/io<\<\) lilt fci mf1-t
mHo mH ?tm isHtn m c? cm Hn imtuci m m (?ntiti 8(ti/io(f&) H n tHHi 4 ^ mt len i
m ititt?tei ?Hm iH i Hsm viiiie^f ii f Ik mmt #?fmil lilt Hie? l i n i CI, S ^ tHHi 4 f l i i ^ w i H ^
H?m tm ^fft^ ?t?iici 1 ItHf ie5ii^H?iHemTjHHitH?H i mmt liit Hie?
fd iH mitf (1) icm?^ H i ^ hh ?^ iHh l i t u c i , ^ 4 f tHHi4tstl?cn iiiiHefgifu I m f i
HtH m iH?ic^ 1 t5t? tp! mf Hi? t n m?itc<T? iH m sfiH iôiiei ?H l i t I tm ^5 "fl?^ 1 ^ ?H mei i He
Hi mitf (imt) I HH mitm mi?ei imntm ^ ^gim mêi? f ? ^ i m i t i ^ n itnticn itmf Hf1?w
ie?i 1 Htm-fg c?? ?>H m ^9?^ "stm ii?ei cm^s cm^sHtste^ I ^ i-at mf 1-t H?m H mf1-t - m ' ^ hci
t.H.ffAi t m f H^cm
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Contents
iRfb^ I ^ ' 2 | c ^ ? ^ t M c t '"HLN^ - " W ^ ''oi|<i^ ^ ^-cstesi? 'srt^teR gtt cstesi? ?<lRt ^ r o ? i l i M e t ? T f W #
f??jiR afn#^ ^ s i ^ t t M f s ^ 1 C4rn<3 (Rntt's ^ <PON R ^ T O e t ? ^
^ ^ # 5 e ^ R ^ ^ t ^ l M ^ I ^ RT??5
anRKt? '^f^tl (?ff! ?mi lilt let - ^ M t M ^ R t % f (Rf^f) ?t?t lf|? %<WH TOIîl^ ^ 1TO R ^ 'sttsiaM 1TO M G g %
?Rt*t?t 4RI ?5?t TO? I Sîtnî ?? ?Rt't?t ^te M s ,
88o/io(t>, R W ? Re*fJ R ^ )TORSt M t R ar^ TO? I tl?Rl^t F T ^ I >iltM M ^TOt "Ft^Rtf??Tt ( o i L > l 4 i ) Rte?
SRII.'O wt ^fl? ^gprt '5te ^ 4f??rt g.ei'oH "sjtoijiT t?? ^=TSH w t j t M ^t?iie^ Q I M ^ , tftf-t wtitl??Ti-t ^TO, % i o j ) I
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ajcf? mm i H ? 8 R cm i f i i m ^ H H H C I > S H tfd mit ^cei aftfi t ? t d 5 i ^ H H I H cim?^ ntif t i H t t f mi
tHcn ;iH-HiiH ttki? m i - i s ^ c i f * f m ; ' ^ d i i H ifSjitH ? ^ iRiTcn i SHen-iH ^c j\ s^]
i ^ 8 / i S . o > b I d 13fe J(.srl*ftp|?'l-f? m (i'tî'O/iirha- i j U l J i , > j j - o (itattl i>?ififî%m?jfB?nt <t>i??t
ii^8/i>io4>) 1 atitd? Hfimttitct? H t H i i H m m t l fH f i * p HtH'm^ ifi?iciH i i H . H f i H i f ( w ;
mf if?m HHrnfiH i t n m n ^ i c n i m i d f )-?i^ Himien. f H ?5fimfv ^:?tf? mrnimfH?;
t?t%m?.#?cmiiHmct t??tHi tR?i f f 5 mt i mc?? m'tmatiR ^^m f^, t f ^ i ^ ?sc? j i H mfii m m
fwt?t?f mmtt' tfnf ^ H m , f i m f n - n t n (isf, i>s(t/i&i>b)iHot?nm?fia#f1Wwmin-if??ten,
iiic?f? 2fffSra mi, ( n o n cittmrn? f?mt m ic?, mfm Hft ?5HfH H???f fiitwi H H .(?SHe, dtH-a f s i tt
mff5m Hf^t mifBm ^ i f ? m ic? n s cicn i H t t m w ic?i I m f ? ?f?en w m icSrs tRjji- ii?t.?if^ ntm,
c T c n igfscn 'stitscn ctm tfisiit i ? t?tf ntw S m f m ?nm f i c n R???f; i m^^lii^R? -ifim ?5m f m ;
n m % i ; m H c n ?1?T Wm fimfc tHt i c n i sitM^ ficn atft f^ 1 i H H # H l - ' m H m ? - m 5 # i C H I
^ i t H H w f H - i i i n s Hftm mm wm cmjg m ^ i i c ? n m n i l c i h m i i m cfi im? wtf?- m t c H
???iHis tf??*t itm I fH f m I t e m Hmfatetât^t iS?lfcn r i H f H f f w (w,
?if?i H?c? f ^ m g f i i t?tf Hftm nc^ ( f l f d n t i ioo(t/i>s>i>!j) Tm I t e m iHf f ^ ? E H f f ? n
f?mH mciim I H mra ?5fli i îit c!?f liiHci mnt t?im tfm-fifm iHiten t tm?f5 m^^' iHm w e h t ? t f
-m ic?iwi f?H% m*[fii H f t H n tHd? itftne#? f ? c i ? f s t n f i d ? mwti^f5aif^f*p5'i^?tci I i H f i m
1?:^ tH5?mm i f n 1 'airm i^ft m e i t f f f H f f i . cgjf? if?m ?nt
t H d m*[fii I t f t m mm ii2ttim^gHc?tt ?5cn m f ? -iHstcn I
ctH'sHf (i^'iio/ih-ss-iosh/ihoo) 1 .tm i f i H ?nT ffH mcHH fct t m m m Hwitin itHtwjm ê -gfem
sftSti ' ^ d fsmm mufn i tm i f i o t i f tsjc?w-fin ns, ?>R?tei; f i f t?f? tmemi'na ^tf'itgfwmtcn mttci
fi9fc^ sfH*Hic tHf41 fH mft men ifim? mt m?^ I t H f i m c t fcn^ m?f?:-twiei *m?jtit s
^ ^ H m n n f ? ? ? ? f men tt?nT?5f?Hm i i H m f f ' i gm^m t l H I ( i b - s o - i & o b ' f , 3. t i H i ) ^ afttrnHf
Hltfil mfft iiii.'\H/i\riio->,0^/>,h>>'\) i i H 5 f m' i f i m H H d m n f e i mfim, memtif%, isatti â mnt
i t e ? m ifntst ifist ciHsn, ciitmm? 'a mft?te?t? i i i i n t f?imef? H f itteficn i tm i H aifm HtH
f?Ht ?>H H m (w. i i o 8 / i v i r b ) - n ifntsf <p|f ii ?tw?ifi t?f? tiHcmm f l t H itfttH <5ftf? fif^ artea cfei i
atff? I t m f witen l e H ? t ^ ^ i f i C5H ffte n s m i m - t f f , ?^-t c?-ff, tmti-t i t i f i i , Hfa-t mwti,
mmenei n c w m Sf^ i f ? e tm ? f w ? f f i t i i e n wtfi Itm, H1-C5 H m ? n i n t m?fm-t ftwm (m
Q^fcf , | f i ^ ?ft?iei I fH fm trm, mfm ii^-îfifc^ i H m t i ?i?f tm ?fw) aTfsH ? 5H t 4 4 i c t ? m? ? n t i
l i m i f mm t n e n m#?i H t i â H t i u f c n fSai ffim 'mmr f i ? f f f f (ivei-is.i8 ^.) h w i tint tfmfn,
?f??ten 1 i H t H s f f i t i ^ c J i / i b - < ^ 8 ) - ? fct t ? t d me?j? Hftfmi, i H nteitm f i m flcn i fH it?f i t ? j fi?e?
t.H.(?A tntf fisem

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Contents
taw
H'l'i-'mni i m ari m t i m i ^ 4^ m f ? f w Siuliifc<? l i f t m ^ ^c 4 1 M im i ffit tmen
im i ^ r f w i t l l t l I f m i H o H i f i f i m f f t l m - t Itftc? fiw S i m 11x4? 311 4 m f i t m f 4 i m i liit
Ptîiw fidtft ?t?ic^ rS^ iR^Hf c fm âHWlfw S i m i f e n 4ift? mtcw? îi otliQi^ itcmum?
^m^ff? t i m H'sit m I m m j fct? arrfti mff csteu ?j^ cilfci? 4ir m m ifimen i i t f n ftmt
fifit i f i m ictij H e n i f i 'Sim i i f n ft?iff (f. (w. i S ) o f.) tm Siunme? ntew? HsHs l u f i s
'f.) i f i t w f f (^. i ^ ( N j f . ) I i f i f i g i f i f ' s m ' n t ogfien citien fn-f^ ffim ifimen i 4"im m
'mt%i' stitfi itmc^ I i t n - m n e n icu S ^ m i i fuc<tic?? itm i t m e n i
im f f t m f I t m t m 5 t f f m ^ i i s t e i ^ 11 f l i H fî 'mmf (w. iho<\ %) n w i mfimfim -^lutfiiifim
ci5iteef I ii t m f i u nftcm Seiicmir mu Rc?fb ?tm Iten i i i t n f f fmofmei? Siurnfc??
iRif^ mr I siffi f f i Hif ffc i H i i^m c n mu lijitfii it4? 4itfi ititci I Tm lUPisfic ntew?
i f ^ ^?rrci I f i r m m mîwiAmf mm?<)ii'SticHfi fiut mmiSm f i ^ m C2f% '^fi? msiiii? ?f=i ?t?tei i
c i n m? 'mf mt=i-mm m o i i f w fiut ifsnfc?? tmen i f i i m ?5f?ten icu t f m m mm, itfn
i t a f i i m i f i m c n i ' m i t S ^ m t u i ? , fiut mwfHfii pti n t wtm m - t m?itei? Snrtim? H f i ^ f ? ? fB^jci?
f i i f f i l t l f R i i i f 5 mitii c i f H i m ifw ^ H i i i I mi?mt mft! ?5Hiei? I C U f?rm m i f f ,
ifsnfc??wu miiWif^ I i r w i f s r m M o i i e r i f i iîmTf ?tm,?tifi mif, m t l I t f f , 'm?titi?ii, fs
i f w iifJuf^'fl m i f im m?i ^tmci i S?tcn i u ?tc H ^ , fim m m m m , w t m i m t m f i ^ itm fien
"Le Medecin malgre Lui Le Misanthsrope" n t cif?e?? i f i i t f I tmtt?tci?H'îtuiiitemit4imt
"Tartufe"-n 1 1 1 fielitei SeniemiTi f i i f i ? ( i T f i 3 it?f Itftcm 1 ^ tst?ei nfii 1^^ liimen I
aiHf^ i t m t i s m f u i t m c i i f s j f i c n ^ ^ H f i s f i t c n w u 4 i i # s (i) 'm-sf, fm'^-^=imm, >mSi i i 4itfi,
f i f | j^d'a i f s t f i i I C H 11 f m s^ f i ^ T ^ f f ^ n t i m mtcvsi, ii, ihob % .^1., is>oNS ^r, (^) m f i I t n mf,
mmi i f s i 113=^ ^ m c i i i t f i j i 'mifmrUfi i t i i t f i f w m-f'W11 f m'mfH mi'mSi-mm, itci is>oS) f ; (s)
mim-t t f i ( m t i H icft^'b '^.), m t i i t f f ifB m f i f i fnt f f m , itwifSi f i i H , c^m i^s><f H.; (a) ^ c m ,
m i m - t I t f i ? m ( m t i t i is>î %) n t 'mf w n t i m f fntfi-mHfi, cm i^ô<^ ft.; (b) mm cifit, t m , c?m
? f w ' m 'mm-t ^ t f ? ; ' m ^ - t m f ? t i f i m - t iii cf? n ; ( 1 ) wiUf"i-fi u t t , m f 1-t mitfi?7t-t
itnif?it-t tm' 1 1 3 ^ >^f?jfii ifsiefi? i c u f?ui i S^ t m , c?m i 8 o H.; ( b - ) f?m mt? mmi; i f i-t
ifeieH c n wi%im I C ? I S u m msit l i m m n m - t miifimt-t t m ; (^) mf s^sitîtm, i f i-t mmfimi n
t^?ifli c i i ' S n m 41 ? n t m t ^H mr i 4 i i n t f c M t m , (?5?m ( i s x f s '^.'^tc); ( i o ) mm, ^ f i n f , c ^
m m e n n i c n ? i m l e u m ? i f i t mititf i i iNsi cif? n ; (ii) mf'Si-mm f?mtim, f f i
( i N s i / i s > i ) I C I ) t f i om 11=1H1 I t n H H lull 41 m'5(i?T?T, c?m i i A cif? n ; (i^) ^ c m , m f i-t
? f w mr I S?tc i m H i i t ? f c n ff? 4H'a mcmit i m mitfi?Tt-t t m , c?m iii cim n ; (i) f?tm t i m ,
mri lit f c n mit f i i t H m m m f m ^ i m I t e m m i itfimm-t t m , f^ i'txti H.; ( i s ) m t i i t f f , itn-t
i t f ^ i f m itfm S^ I t e n n s i t i t S i m ?5U i f H f - t f m i H , c?m i o cf? n ; ( i < f ) 'm?f"i m f i
i m I iiSNS^/i^cii.ieimmf i i i t ? f i ? i i f tifm i t m - t m i t f , mR>?f-t 'mm-t f'mfi?-t t m , o o ? m i H.;
mm I t n m t i t S n j t i m t i m i ^ Siutei fH (i^b) it%T ^îm mH? ?i?itt, ittfsmm-t i t f - t f'mfi?,
I t f t f ? i i t i f n t c n I fH itf"? f ? f m i ^ - s cnR; (ii) f i ? f fiff, H'l'i-'mwii, % 19, item i ^ ^ s
i ^ ^ < ^ f n s i t i t S i m ? m i m i is>o^ f i^tm i t f i ? fiir '^.; ( i b - ) f 3 i ^ cn, tfi-t t m m'm?tT-t itiffiit, m-
fim^ ?fw f t l l m f i m ' i m S m e i c m f ? m i e n f. t u f l , f i f i ^ 8 i f ; (i^) Rieu, ^ f i S f w i t e i m i f
i t i m f i f i ^ r t e i I i ^ i i '5. m t f ?fw 'itfm'^luten it#ifi? mfim, 8 ie, i b - i s . - i b r s . ( f f.; (\o) E.G.
f i m f ?tcci cne4i cntmmt? i ' m i m i t f f ? f w Browne, A Litereiry History of Persia, m 1 , 4 1 1
'cmm-t f i m ; t i f m ' t i m ' S i u i i n e n wiSmm 19 i S ) 0 ^ f 1C1, f i f ? 19 iôijj 1C1, f f ? 19 iS>;io
i f n t e i i iNss Vi^^v mm f?tmi ftwtf (w. i J o o utHcw i i i ? t ^ i i i^^8 f ijtHcw 4itH; (î) c m .
?H ^ Siutei I t f ? mim iifi ^mei i i t i ^ fi?if Press and Poetry of Modem Persia, iJtHw i J J 8
?H ' n mmt ifmt' S m e i 4 ^ mw m w imm f ; (^^) C l H , Persian Revolution; (^) W H n ,
i d m mwib'<i i m <tmci i fffm itfwi ?fw f?m-t Early Persian Poetry, fit?l i ^ A o %; ( ^ 8 ) R.
f U ' s m Siutei mors w m f im tmei? ?twif\ Levy, Persian Literature, an Introduction, m
ititfwi f i e n ffei f f i m ?m "stitei I w t n t i i t f i i ?Ho i^ô (HayC. A. Storey, Persian Literature, a
Siutnf^'a liqt fne? melt "s^cf? i H m f i f^f^ln 'mf bibligraphical survey, i^^<^ f I
wiiti ?tit? is>/i'*ô iei '?rtci f i mei itft' fic?titei im f M m i f c?i m t i i t f (u. m. t.)/f. it'^^!^^
tntf fisem
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Contents
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(u'jiO S 1- 1 W tRPU R t W ^ R M ÎMT?f ^ R ^ ' j ^ ^5tc i,<too ^ (s^bo M ? ) %wm

% T I iS<HJi> % ^R1%T TOrot^ ê,TT ^ f t ^
f s n R ?T*)J TOR 1 ? CT*t1^ iflî^ t 7 I R # e W o ^ <##t (RttW?^flR,RWR TO?R5igttfCRl?MTORff?'e
^ I ? ^ f % r *(fhr W'o^-*! iI4i^ t ' I R P I f f TO4R ? J ? ^ ^ I cfpti?? R?f?^ M <mH?iI'( R f R :ib- M R , MI R C ^
S R P ^ TO? I C^tC*!? TOft?1M ? 5 | ^ iI4W? M M RtRt^TR (t^b'ii M R I
''srtfTO ? 7 M p ^1? TOt I 8 ?C^, ^. -^jC^ sm ll'btt'oj') a|R(9
i (Hjy>|^ RCW <:#lRT 4|^ÎH ^<^^
iflTOR t ? t ^ C5??te? T j T O t R R t R <>Q?)I tro RJtT'Stirm a f t ^ M R * ^ R ^ 'ii4f& ?s^'3f<f (?ff M K ?
Wt^JStft, iS.bri '^Z t W ^ TO^ ? s % t ? t T O R R ? ^5tc M I M ^ It r o S I T ^ M R ' W I ^ p R W C'LTSIMIR, S N ^ M
t T O - R t t r o R'MT^TO?tR t 5 I iJs.b-0 - iSib-b- tTO 1T1R, W T T , G I F t M R , ^ T I ^ M C % , %TT, ' S I T P n M , fm
t ? f t ? R ^rfl M ^3ift5lt?M "^W TO^br<H- ff^r < J < ^ H S f f ?TOIÎTR?M ^tC t?tt?R WTOiRttT
iSib-b- ^ . R t t r o (RT-?tft^ t ? I ^ R t ? M ? t f t ^ R l R d ' M f f ? Ji>.<Hbr%, ^ ^ TOlTOTt?T brbr.Js.% Mt?R
^ 1 (TO1?R ^8 TO11?T ^ t ? t W ? TO4te? TOT R t M
M M - ^ ( i i o o c ^5.) I iJs.is.br ^. t ? T E ? Htfj^b^to R ^ F M N M ?
5 ? ^ t r o w R^tTR? ?t|I? j ; k T O 4 M R * I R > R , ^ ^ 1 Wl?t75TOtTO TOt^ I
^ s f M ^ f M t R t ? n R ? TOTT5 R?}ftt? cafMs ( R ^ R T O T
s t T f M ^ d T R g t-AM-A S t T f M ^ I R ^ Re*tT R T O l
R t M ^stsfeM TOC5T? 's R ^ FEI^T w M iftet? Ri:*tT
RSte? T?t, ??Tt, ^ M w , ?t^PL? 'A F M ^ ^ t W t l T I
(CIA The world Factbook Iran, 2006, p.
s (RtfBR T M f l R T ^ M R R W I ^ R : ^ RC*)J
2-15) I S M t W W i)RT?sTM5 R T T T O i R ? ^ R T ^ , C5R
iis.is.o ^ . R n R R C1?M iSF^TO RS3!T??T% CStMs^ CftTOTO, M ^ T ? T ^5tc TOL-^T, R ? f l R ^Wt, Rt3!tf%M
R s t M M t M ^ T O 1 ? T'=f-*i>iC'ailt'i?i c s f M o ? t w t ? M Cft-TOT, RTORt, TORT ^ i R T t T R T ^ R - i J ^ T , t T O ^mcl
Rt^TC?? ^ O T t t 4}êr ? 5 f ? ^ ? ^ T ^ (R^^cTO ^ r a i p f
T s i M i T f ^ f f e r 72F5rt Mf^, ^Mm TO?1% ( T O t r ^ ) ,
? T M T f<?M I R ? s n R T f M 4 TOWT? R t W t t3?tW?
^ ' R F T L ? ? ^ T R , M - ? ^ I R S M R T i^Ps TLL?-TiRt MI
M c ^ Mf^ ^ ? T ?s?t r ilooS ^R[M R?RR
M R ? >iR^ côoC Ji?s5Si? x M t t # ^'*'-HI^ c s t M s ^ RtTOR I t r o ^TOP^TM T M I ^ J R ? <iRS TOT^R ^ S , % T R I
M K ? ? R t W I t?te?? R W t ? ?TR5t?t ? ^ = T % R '*i|'ol<l ^ i M ? iil?RIT ' T M ^ 1??I3t, R T T M ' s n t ? > i R ? R L T M # R R ^ I W T
^ ^ T StMtIRS TOt I M R A T % o ^|>a!'Si'lf^4. - G M M S ^ T O ^ ? T ^ ?!Mr5, ^
f C t T R S R f t t - t M igPfTO TOM t R R T ^ a j W t W ftTO (Rt (?Tt^ T T S M ^ i i ) t R ( R t s ^ ^ s i ^ P R L M ^ ? l t (5.
( W t R f f t - O r t R R t f t - O r ^TO)-'ii? W ? ? 'b.vs^booo R ' f R M CIA, The world Factbook Iran 2006) I
( i ' l 3 , 8 b - , o o o R< M t t M ? ) I ^ T O ? t M t MfH?JH t<IWÎ ERHCTLSL S t^l'w^l W T O TOR^tlT to,b-'b,b-b-,8
RTt?, ^ f t M j R ^ I t M t ? , R f ^ T TORT ^ i R T t ? (Clooto '^.) I W r 4tJ)TC5|T *I:J,>IIW o - i 8 R ? R CTOSR^tlT
^TO ^ I R t t ? , TO? *tM!f t r o ^ TOf^ I TORT ^ I R t t C ? (3lf& W T ? . t T R ^b.iVo I C5lf& TOR^tTR <!sS.% W P R ?11R ift-^bS
TOM w^ttTc??5 f 9tNg t r o M f t ? 5 % t !!rtr?s 1 t ^ t t R ? csrf^ RSPTC?? W ?R? TO?5^??^ ( R t l ^ R?tTT 05(1^ W?R?.tTR
^TOtR? Ri:*)T ^5RTR i'!s,'b,ooo R ^ M t t M t ? MI WRTR 8.S.% tt (ôob ^.) I t^llWit W ? R ? m ^ ' a T O T O I
i ^ , o o o R t ^ f T O T t M ? (Encyclopedia Britannica, Iran ( R T F M W T O W^JfTO i ^ l ^ ^ 2tf% i , o o o W!R; i J ^ T ^
C.<f(^1^ ^ aff i , 0 0 0 W I R I
^sn^s'^tM^tTOT^f^ st?ii?RckniMTO^tCT??5i?ccf
t ? t t ? ? e t l R j ' l ^ CllSl*1^CR'Sl R C * ) J R M C 5 S T L M L ? <ti%,
t r o # T O T ^ *rTOt o M T ? ^ (Rf*f R ^ ^ t f R ( R M I
% t t R ? C5rf5 ^ %siHt C,88o M t t M R ; t r o R ^ % N T O W M ^8%, M R F T TOTTO?t^ V%, 1%, ^TOR % ,
^ Ci%,Rl^ TJ^scsR MI TOTT?T i % (% ^.) I
J^NT ii,88o MnMR I ^ T R , ^tMn? R t t t ^ R M tRtr??
TORltTt b-S.% W ? ^''srt; S.% W ? ^ -^RRRtR;
%tf3 (RtR'&T?! I 8 0 M r t M ? I
CSfttTOt^R ? F T , t ? 1 ^ , ' Q ^ l ? , i R ^ T O l t ^ %TOI
R T 5 M "rtMtRT s ^5RTT R?RK R ^ ii)Rt4T? t r o ? ?
t ^ T P R M R E M RI?T i F t ? ^ (?b-%, ^
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^ i l % , R T # i % , ^ROFT i % , ' i % , 'S 'SRJHT ^ %
îMÎ'STTt S tRtTR? 'TO^'STtt sts^t? ^ t R t ^??! I
t t I ' T O J W ? ^ t ^ W R TO 'His..8% ( ^ o o % AT.) I
RTRf^ ^ M t # R ^TTTOtt (?(? M t CRf^tst? ms % o 4 t # ?
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tRRT^ Mero
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i<i^4cmm4iwHimwii%m1ic^ I crnitutn tmff 4wi5 t?tcn itH?m i^ptlt iifici '^te? tntff
% i m 4mm^ (anwPRs m^mfi?) % f? immt?im (iifei%)-n 4eii cimei? fi?in n ? f cim cn ?tm
fmt i^[H ^ê ?tei I mmo cn nen ititei^fifi n
(5*PlC?); l i m R i >':i,o8,8io (IHmHl); t l l K R ltd I iwficn mn itUf iifiiîfi n i tHfc? tm"
8,i^b,1^b1 ( t i i t m ) ; t m e,<^^ (tm); mn itut A'lo fll, e? ifebris itHm iteitiim m
i,{i.'!s,'!sii) (f?3n); c w t i i , i ' j 3 , v 5 , o o i (c?m, t H t r n m <it Hm?tit n C I , 4H n i m i ^ 1^ mfii, ?twtifi,
mmif^s mt); i i f m i f 'i>8,o<)<i (mi-i^ cm); cfeitfii 4H Hien memei mn i t n icitis 4 #
t l W R 8<I-,o'5s,b-i'53 (m'Sm); 1 H 1 H ii),'!s,ii)b-<l- ( m ^ H ) ;
itffcn nte? i m memei I O I T C I iwHei fme? tntf?
f i i m <j-,'!s,s<tii) ( f i i m ) ; f i m ciffSm ;>o,)r!s,iio mmtiTt îi)o I tm 1C1J ^b-f^H mn fiHi ^len wn
(irc?m); m i 8 i , < 3 r , ^ < t i ( i f m ) ; m i i f i io,'b'53,v5i<) nt n f <tH mn Hf^ iff? itiriif citf? wn Hitf? i
( m i f i ) ; cm^rfe,<ii,.^b-o(cmTi); ff^mi i 8 , S ) ; ^ , o o ,'!sii,ii'!s litiH, mft imtff f%tien wu m H , sen ^tcsffl?,
( f m m m ) ; cm?figti? i m m m ' j 3 , ' ^ i , < j - i i (tir^fsr); ^^^tien wn mH mn nf't im ^tmeii
cmfim i<^,fi-(f,o(fb- ('S11K); f i m ;>,io,oo ( i m ) ; itHiten iHmi ifncn mi itif i^ m i mmt
fHmi iib,ii,io'5s c f p n m ) ; irfimR î,8c:>,brbr<i- (mfi); m t n n cimen wn fiiifS ?i i m^ten leij le^ iif,
immit io,oo,<)<)b- ( m m ) ; i m j i m iii,<j-,b-i'b ( n m H W I men fwrnft^T ( i f ? fiens) i mmt wen i e # 5
'mmn); mmti i'l,ibr,î);^'H (mrnm); t m i b - , 8 i , o < i o cim ?i??ie?? i ^ ? t c itwif n i nfi?wimen mten
(t^rtî); cmim-t m f i , cmrm-t miif m\ cmriR-t fifjf mm Itmf mti^ i m?ten mfim i e # 5 fim
^nif <bo,*8,vbrb-i (tifew c i m , m i , m*m ^ o o ; ^ f, ifiien np ?te iwfiei c4?i im mi i iwfii t?tfiiw
KTie Eu>pe wodd Yearbook, London 2006) i mtii iHiei? mr Hite? Hiffe ie? i .iit ifnen
'flfsii, >jii> "5. timit 2jwtw t m atfîiti emir mten m f cimnfc? fi?fiff^ m fisli-Cibw mtii
H m 1i#pp tmra m f i m f i n flmci Rc<wi cim mit nt i
w mr I m w t tin Itmti i n m f fit itci i tnci iwfiei fme? tmf? i i cmm Hitw ifH ??
ajfftitfi m w i ^ l i i icHitci s fitti f i n , i i ci^îrfi 1 cwmf, >sio% f. I lilt fi4ti>w cf5ten itut f^ 8
(ij'ife f.), icmf ( m i ) , :>i m^; mtjiiifii n w s g f i n , cmH ^ 1 ^ I tHen I C I T 4m io i^ cmtt? #?ei liit
e m ^ (is^<j- 'Ô; n t ft^ff i ^ r o o J m cim n f i o i f i 4iim iwfiei fme? tntf? HitKi cmt 4 i t e n fcmi
Ht^ tntff ii f i n I m I HitKi cnt '\,'i,oo 4 t i t ? leu ^ b o o o wi i m i
ci- %v>m, iiis tmtn i<fim mt i isbrii) c?TiJii"i3 f?e?f5 ^sm fiîbw itfstîcn fcrni it ic?i
^. fljîl^^ ''Fim? n j m i atm iff? n fif u n c i (fiw citm, mt wt>[mH-ci5mtH \oo% f, f. s-8i) i
i^HmlBti itspitn i m J?? I t-aicn itfinci c m t n t i t S^ fiifsen miiw cut m ci, ? ^ i f i tmiiît
i?ii? nt m t l f i m 111^ it:?îci i?Hfiiw i?t ^Îmci I ifeo, itmmfm (foH, msg 4tfm 8H, i f ? itinifm <?H
w e n i(i- Itn nsm^ m itiHci? fi^wfti cfBiHii? nt mmm cjft mn it icn i itftcic^;? m f f i i f 5 i
if^Htei) cjR^mH ;>oob- f i[fS ? t c i I
8 iJbrS) f. -^tcs nd? 4 m t i ^ ftitc? icir^ m i e ^ i i - : > 8 m, 5to<J' 1- m ^ Hitbci it?f^
cim mtfm? "mit <^n?f1 iieicift ii? m m i m m mmH cmi c4fic55^ fiffw n i tmen fim n i m itm
4 m Hitei men c 4 f i u 5 ^ it?fi m i t H c i m ( mi^ mei n s H fien ?it? mn, n s H Huf mil nt n s H
;>oo4- f -^c); 4 1 1 m t l osifie^ m e n ( i i cict^, fien 4 i i i f i i mm i liiteH? Sic? i e # 5 mm Hue?
;>oo<f f. ?tc) I meifficifti
m t l i m ifrntmpci ostfie^ m m iltim i l i ic?i i m[^Tfii mwif%i icn mit tmei m:imf f n i
i f i m i t e i m i t i ifficf? fieitei idfi^ cim tm ifimtf ?iîfi cifi mmH mwîfii 4m fimmf
mtHitfii fi?3itf?im 4 e n i if??t iten i citf? nnei mw ific leimf cm? icn i \ooo
t ? t e n fiitsft fifiie Hen^ i s f tntit Haen nswi % iwfii (iiifei%)-iii? fiirsimei ;>? ciT?m nei
m f n cim? f i c m m ifim n e n i wif4? cmes? n?Tei n H f&eimrt itm?i^ cwfe csicmij mm i#t ic? i
m ?n cntei? wn nswi mtlH fiitfS n i i i - : i 8 m, tHcn cwnt? lem iiH mwtifii n ??i mtm m^ttfii
ôo<i- \. l i e n f i i t n m f ^ mi i m f H i f n ôo; '|. 4 m f?m?mf citf .îit itits fn i cien^ cmet? i f ^
mf^^tc? I
t i m f fifcm
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Contents
Im tm
n 1 n I W H i s t m H i t m i T H H c m gs^-OttPF), ic$ilim, itto, nwtnmm, ntmti, ntitwi, cm^,
RRvfif mm H^tftft (memtm), mttH tiH, t m f t c?ifwm, nHn Hc^citHn, fifwT, .ût, îciRiii, fgfin
n , m m mnR, t n t f Httft m?m fwtftfi (miro) itrst, m, mw, fBH, n f i , nfin, 4i^wtlt icn, ^ttR
n t w f t r3ht cttf (<i?iR^H) I <iit csfit ctoos f mi iwim c i # , capnmfin, fiSn, ntatti, cnaiwt^, csnti, tfi^sfin,
R?ibwi?ter?fim I >ijftf5iîr5??êr%f citf, t m f fimt, nHn, w f ^ , wtitf, nn, f l , fifi, fift
t m m s|R>^ll^-tt (Builders of Islamic Iran), ctft^JllR (jiftm), ?CTf, m, tcncifin, t m , mrmut^, tif,
c!,oo8 % miHt'tRt mtm w m iRm ii=iiCTc^ (mfrii% wtm, will, itwtim, cifin, iis(^tlt citfnt, citfin
atwii, fci, HHiwm, n i , c^whi, fifin, cifictfin
m t t i H i arm fwtwtft cittbin m i w tmnm? (aft^ icitsr aiwt3), immfin, ciiBiwi, icnfin, ncm,
m f t i H i 4i<Mc? Hv?ft i"iiR ^?tt itw t t m f t 4 w t w cnwtfn, I t m m , nfifin, <mm, ( r n m u i B i , fiSfwut^,
tmt? n i l n u t i i -siru m i s mitra Hf5m;.tittm? ntwm, ntcwfin, n'eei, m, nfim, cn, fifiittn,
stmwiR^^Hif imPm n^rni, c5?mtaiHtmi ciimw? *#?t citui^, i f m , I t m , cmiHn, nHn, cilfi 'mi, dcim,
iflcifficm (nHHm), t m f t c f i nit <im^ t m f a)r#if iiRn itc^Roit; ficm fiai, catstRsn, taicR?ii, cmtfin,
mfif I m i m t ^ i f e t m m f n icn ^ - i ? t H litm i f ^ n i t , cm, fitit, fm, ftt^Jj-H, ftwwiji, fifin,
m citcniT 1 tnt?m Rcnf n ^ t i i men t n m i ^ ifwfim, t<stfin, ntut^, iSR(i?u, f?^, ficifim,
mrnm, wtim3^, m w cm cnm mRrt%îwrfi
n w a n f mîmt?? m m m m m 1 n m isf<p tSc3R, i t f i F m i itfin, f^nwi, ^û, wcifism,
arm n t f m i miti m s n w t i f ^ itiiîfc.?? i c u cfifcm, fcim tcicni
fwtttfti n n i t i l i (MFK), w i i e n cmtti, t n f cftiT CI, t n t c s i f ^ m ^ f t tncn fStifi
ff%nm? inotHinft lijit c m t m 1^m n I iiint I c? i t f ^ f^m?^ ntfi^Hiic n^ I t f i m

finen n n c i t m cmm Tm mi im ifin n e i i
t m C111^ >iN'SRi(i<(. miifc?? i w i n # t 4>R*)iti m i i m e i f ^ ? ftwmiJicQ n f ^ n ^ ^rnnen n n e i
m m i n m i ? fnnH ftnm? i f i i t ^ (CP); t # n tnei mm mi im ifin n e i i
cbm m % (ECO); wi1itcii Itn f H it?t (fao); tnen immtmt? imm fift i m mffii n t ^
mfwtHi cwm n1%, ^ i^citPrm m i a(Hft mftnei, nm?ft if^, neimft mr nt f tb?n5 i h i itn
wtf, ^8 WlH 11 Wlfn3tn I t t f (G-15, G-24, G-77); ntlti mntci ill Itfie mei tncn wrfi atfi ( i f e i ?
xsnwwtfi5 m t f i i if^ lift (lAFA); f i f W i i S^mstsf affi,ftSfiifenmffefienHmHfiumm?) i
ftfi mn^tfi ntii (IBRD), Rmtms, irs'îf^ c i m R i . if^ nte? fee? afte lijit m nrcsi n aftc^ I t n m?f
f i m m M i?,-^ (iCAO); m'îf^ fspcis u S H i (icc); n e i msHi mim (mm? i ? r ) m H <iimm ifin fH
mwtf%i m mtit (IDA); mtfi gn nt?i (idb); mei (f. 4.) I
f j i pen mîfi tRi (IFAD); cgaFT omitft i^cs? i^tifî i < l w i H l rt?ienmgffHôi-fi^ i
mr^ff^ c T O c m (IFRCS); iTs^^fî i < i r i f e m m^ nfm fiigen iei fgrff i ^ m m i ifiitnm
(IFC); mtwtf^ a i lift (ILO); mtwilm ^ ?Ri ii? f f ? I C I m^ff?. mtfii flat atfifi ?te ite?
(IMF); lt^wtfis f f i i (Interpol); 1T3#tf1 ^fif^l nt I ?Tfîie i1tifi i n t Q , n ^ i , fH nt cimte
ifift (IOC); mwifi tis m ^ ^ f i n (IPU); îo!wif i i i t mr^ ^ f f ? icu fitn; i catfie^ it?fT
%tmi tSfirni (isu); î<iiwif< cSfiifiSficm t f i i i mftfieim amî catfic^ ?timwtfi? ?twra itm?
(ITU); cwitfi^cn^ m m m (NAfVl); t m f c i n f c n iHiimm i R s m i atfarat m n ? nfiiten i mu t?tc c m
itD (OIC); cl I'Stfmi cm^c^ itft (opec); wtfii cgidtuistiHItfi ??nt I imitnei?mimtimtifi
(UN); wifi?jn m f m ^ m t c ? i (unctad); i i i t n^ f i i f i I it w itwm l i f t ? f n m ^ m
w t f i i e n f i n . f n m nt^fi i i f t (UNESCO); m ?? nt I i r a f H imefic'Jen ^^fmm ii?ei t?tci?
wtfi?cn I t f R m f s n f m t i (UNHCR); wtfi?cn ^leifii f m fisft 8 o fifin mfii itc? ft ?tei
f% m (UNIDO); fit m s ifif (UPU) Hartfi ?fe cnrnef? n fsrfH wfi iltifi f??fri,
I t f t (WHO); fif m ^ n t it^t (WMO) n t n r ^ ^ ^ t f t i m ie& nt i liH*itf lea? f i i t i mum l i f f ? c?
(WTO) (CL^ The world Factbook - Iran 2006, p. Cf leuu I t i ?if? ??, i?t ifW fien c^n m i ?tn
8-15)1 ittt?tei I
f i n f % cii'sfi? iH t m m f3tifi i i i iftnci % fwffi s ^ mim firm fibte? cult? f i # f i <t<t\.h-
m n R m , mmifin, mrcwRn, -îcmt, mwf%n, miHm, Hfin I t f i i m (ôo<2- i nf?i fifii? me? fwffi
t m f fiiem
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tm
iiv.i Wm H f i l v s m (ôo(^ f ) I 2ff ssi^m 9rms m t n m 8.b7o, f w 8.8% H t c i m m s i 8% (^008 >(.) 1
M S f i 8>% (ôo(^ ^.) I t?nff H H f i i i m v,ioo m i e ^ t m n i t n t f i t f m e n I C H i t e i s m f f i^>%,
H f i i 5Tm I H f % f % i f w f S f i - ? m n m s f f i fi?f 3pti i r . N S % , t m f 1.1%, I i f i i.'5,%, i t f ^ " m n i t f n
8ns.V3% < m C I H 88.si% (ôoff f ) I i 9 i t m n m cmtft? 1.^%, ifiî c m f i H b.i% n t H f i n <t.8% (^008 f ) 1
l i t H t f i ^ t f i a f i f i c H n f l i f w f ^ f i m ^so.(^% i i m w i i c n ôo(^ tnei tieifii fgt m:H flwt^ fli 8o.ob
in f l l fifffi-i î.e% (ôoe '^.) I Wm Hfil m I n t n n ciHti iHs^ mn ifimi
j t n f ^ >a fui^îr* i \oo<t tmm gnf^ fli fll ib.h8 HHnitfî im 1 ^00^ ^. cjift itteitf?
fifin I cnf&c g n f ^ H t f i m i ^008 t H w Hit ?tc 80V fifin H f i i m i<tifi neitfim m
cimcfi m f l l I ^00^ f cnfte 80% chi I C ? I tmm f m m tnf fim ( I R R ) I H H I m atH
H f i g i i t m % m h h i iHcsfli 1 ôo(t tnm ^prfff tmf finen Rfill m V,Si'j38 (ôoff '^.), lr,'bi8 (^008
f l l ib% I f), lr,iJ>NS.i (ôov3 f), 'b,io1 (^00^ f), i.aC'a.'Js (ôoi
i l c w U , f f i ^ f i ? r s ôo(^ tncn H C W C & m r f f l i f) I tnen i i n n ^b ir^?te i t ^ i w f%| (f. 4.,
8\r.\ri, f i f i n H H I m 1 m i c ^ msFce m f l i ^jso.S ii, i^ ^3 i(^) I
f i f i n H H i m; ii*m m I.^js f i f i n imi? 1 f f i ifc tnen i R i a i mnst s i.oo<t f tmei ^sioH Hm m
t H e n ,HfH5 Hifm I C H n , m , n m H H I H , i f & , fll I i i e H nm moei fiHt i^siH nt itn mêififit
H f l , m m , fit, cvstff I H t f i , i n c i H m C S I C H H I ib-iH fim m fii 1 ^ n n tmei ieH c#fiTt fii 1
t H c n f i ? f g e m I C H cie3l(iiii, c i c t t n t n H i f , i^, 5,008 ^. tmei? ciieitH ittHtti^H? l e n fli s nesnmt
f i e i % "3 n m fiiti m i t , itu 2tf3F?imi ( f i e i w f ^ H t l î^ Hemfitm, m i'b,j>j>v fieiifitm, ?i cnStfimi
H i c H n n - i f b5eH,Hn), m i i t m w n t m f i i H t l (^<ô fidtfitm, ci b;^<tb Heitfim, ificnfi m f
n t i e g i c H H I \oo(t t H e n f i ? f S,itn af^f%i m i,b-ob- fieitfitm I 5,008 % tmei c?imten cnt tnf fii
f|l'21u#oNS% I i,^5,oo fieitHtm I i i e H a ciw Si8 ficitfim i.^Jsi^b fitm
f i ^ ^titf s f tmm f i ^ f ? , e , H i e n i f n t i ciw lint^stm CIW i,ioj> fieitfitm i.soe fim ciw (ib-j>
f l l i8;^.o f i f i n f i e i t ^ H t 1^ 1 ^ w t i fift^, i m j e n fieitfitm fi^^mfi) fli 1
I H H I f l l io^.i f i f i n f i c i r s m f e 1^ 1 ôo^ t m v8o ^00^ tmei l f l len cnt t i i j fii i,av,ift-^
f i H n f i c H H 5 1 % f i ^ , i^tif mi boo f i H n f i c i t ^ H t fieitfitm 1 hfch i,ib-,iie fieitfitm (iei fieitfitm
1 ^ f i ^ , m i t f m m ( f . 4., I- bo-b(^) 1 ôo(^'(. t m lijêad im) nm ii n t bo,oo<{ Heitfim i t n mm
s f f ^ f n v3.c>ic> Iifi i l l Hte?i s , H n m m 1 ôova'(. t m fll I i,oob % tmen m m i f e cfien b-eo fieitfitm
2tf%fii i.8^(^ f i f i n Htc?ii ^ m m m ? 1 ^008 f c n f t (5?li?t ^ ^fRv3 cim?) iRiH" mi timifci? o
2tffii f i f i n i T t e ? i ti i i i f m ? 1 ôo(^ f . t n e i ^êit? tmen Hijt in's ttfiiii ftitc? ififs I
ôcn atitfi l f l f l l i^s^s. f i f i n H T c ? i I ôoff tmen mfiwi ?m? iSvsH w t H w i^f^ f|i 1
ôoo t m f i f i n f i S f i i fitm a f t f f H n t i iicn iir3f1 mfiwj ??e? fli Hfi iHnei iintf w t H w
, i t n n t m m m m 1 i i i ? t i m tm 8.c>^fiHraifiSHi ob-H, meit svH, mmfii t j t t m ? 8H, neBtm isH,
fitm H t l I t n t f 0.8 f i f i n f i S f i i fim n t i i m f ? f f H t l iH, mfnf iH (itef 8H, cic3ifi?ii tittim
m ? I ôo(^ 's(. tnei s n f f H m e n stmfi m f i ^^.ii.'b^ ooH n t e m 11 c m 11 w t H w ^sH 1 ^ wr^twsfi? I C H
^ H n f i S f i i fim iHn i f l i ??t {% 4., io-i(^) 1 n H fif itf^ I t n itfne? HfiitHfi 1 m e^H
C I , ^ wtHwsfii l e n i<H wt?tw f^ m t n cici c?fwf^f
u n m - n f i w T t i e i f i i fsr ? ôoe t n e n îf
(CIA- The world Factbook Iran 2006,13-15) 1
f t i t e i H t m i f l l b.iHh m 1 n t n n
fifin itfn
c n f t (i(t.8\ RfiiH H f i l m fdm I H iif m ? 1 c n f t i tmen i t i R ^ nftf s tmei? mfii mftf? ii8H
i m f m m g e u i l e n i t e i c H t t f i H i iro%, m t i f i i
?ftmei, c m fiifi mftf, cimtftf, c i f H f t f , fim
ItH
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c H ^ r c i f i e i i in, m ^ i , m t i n h h h j , m e l t t J t f i 1
ôo(^ t m 8^.* f i f i n H f i i m l e i m i n i m t f
itimieitifiiteitiiif) s cimtf^, cfnHf, Hm ItHf,
m;? I t m m u f s n t f n l e n i t e i f i ? i g e m " i t m t i , i i n
ffi H f t f nfiw (Basij) H f t f (wifam itiH cntn) n t
nitfi, H n ' s c m w i m f , 2 t ^ CIH, H i f i i n ^ tTifi 1
mtl atemimf nHf (^008 %)\
t n e n i<3tf i t f m e n I C H i t e i g m m ib-.8%, iifi
ib- ? m nen i n tmf nifiei?, W H ciimtftfc
tmf i f ^ i i t & m (t.v%, i f ^ i c m f i H e.8%.
cmim i H H?j^tf=i* I i-b ?ei? nei if ?tei mmm
t n t f fileim
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Contents
t m t m
itf^too cmm iRc nc? i tm-tm "Bmstcimf t m f 4wflt n ( I R P ) . i i i i t i c ^ ? cîoH m i e n

& m<t w r i w f%cmfim>8 irmstw cmoiltf c^ l l e n iboH m i c i wnt ic? nt ^ a m c ? t ? f e n n < e n
men n I m l H nftfk it- m f mft m m HHci m i w f s i l n f iHn c m e i (The Emoflc world
tnf mfei? wn nmi^m i cioocj- f ib--8j n n m f year book 2 0 0 3 , p. 2 1 0 2 ) i
i,(Ms,^!s(2-,w W l tnf nnHi m H i nftfc n ^ f ? wn m ^ fMii men? s ien ijij t ? T f iisim
Sif35 Hen I sfHnn cit cici br,\!s^,o(f'!5 m tmf ifiHi c?mei i?H^ nfn fT?fen wi i f e i H f ie? i
nHfe biff <i nei Sif ? i i côovo f tm ifiHi ne fmfi mmci? If Senr H f e i i f f ^ imic^ 111)1?
8. HHn iffn m m ie?, n ? f ciiH? H f H H - i . % mci Hnen wn tmei 4 T T i i e n nH? stH i i < i ^ n
iHnHciH n (1-4., f i8-i<j-) I m I f i f t iS)b-o ^. m? Hie? tHmi iHei t m mis
ii'aw'iHxt' Hrc?fT*prf?, s mpnHm c?iim i f ? fiemiie? I n t m f a m t ^ H i t ^ ^ e iiitiei4HiH
Snfifc? I T ? Hifi iHn ^ ciTfci nHstm^ i m nH ie? c?, Hne nfmf fm4 t?ien H?e? m w e i ^ i
t m Sm sfHm I C ? I m n Smm? nHi'men cmm? iHc? n I cwfifcm fStiHi I I I T C Q ? I C I w i f i i l ? ijb-i f
nHc? t m >8 tmen len cm HH% nHfn n nm Sm m f i t (2-^ W l H f ffîT I C ? I
i f f itm ^ cffcn len m t Hem? cm cn i tm i f i H f i m ? c 4 f i ^ imiiff i s i f m f i i?m iijfci
iHfo I f f fn f 1 f n f if^ itm t m ^ itf^ m? nn mf i ih\ro % tmen Hfg n >8 ni'sH Hiff?^
iTf?fe? lem Hm ?H?Tei I ifHrm innei mH i m ?tm ie I m <nfiei f i i ceffie^ ? T f m fm
fei fi i m nHe ifinf cifnjen len t m m m*[Hiinf fi3r?i nt infiei Hi tnf 4wfit n ^
nHm Hife? m fHm i t i ?H?fei I ? ^ i f i nstm I icbri {. fwtftfeiiffi (nfifnei
H U T s ôo<t % Hmie t?fei mnfnsfi ?tc iiH itnff -nH tmiiff ciHu n ) nt H?tf it
lfl &,(2-ci,b-oc^ W l n t t m ?tc lfl W l H? mftf? ie?jm 3R?iifi '2?f?m i?jt? itiei? i i it
Hi I I C ? I t?fe iwfii c4fiec% 4H fim ^ n ie? i isn
tmf 4 w t ^ t?Ten s ihâ % n t cneif tnei nit^ i c n i nfitn nt fnftfen cim
^.-n lem ?Tw?Hi H H f i m cstHi: tmen esnnn m t f ^ t e i n m icn i ^snt i^î f i^H ?iH
i < t i H i m " ^ I cn^THiTi ?tc mH mit Hi lat fiitsei 2 f m i f fmti mf mmf w?m icn i fmn
pen biPi<t>iiH= I lilt m 2}H?m n t i ^ i?ififen wtmrnnrnei4 m i f ftite? fif<P im n i tfien
f?i nc H ^ i i n? im ?? I ?te fifi fsffftfei n n nt m t f ?iftf? l e n itii f f ? i t m
n i H f i iffH nt ne^ Hfm^m men fH?fei mi I C ? I mi% i5b-i f. 4 1 cmn firmei osffie^ 4 m
i?m Hcmf m m i ntf?fe? ^ m i i^vr ^.-m cn iff e? fi? n I lilt cmn ?tm? wn iwtHfiei iff55
n m n m Hcmf Hem ? T r n s m n m i ie? i tm^ im ?? I le^tn icbri f îm i^fl ?iH fifsei ^ i f i
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m H H c m H ?5f?ei f m i i < H cf(tii HitKi Hiteie%
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Europe world Yearbook, London 2006) i
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itrniti i t i ^ i H i s 4 a t i C I iS)b-v 'î.
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flcn ' f m ?tfif ?t?pmwtH .a?t 4 m i f f i f i cimtH in m m ? m t e i cs^ I H m n H t t f ?fen
i n f f i .4t ? m t ? H i i t t i f f m I C ? i
t.H.(2-A8 tntf finm

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sff^RHfT^ mmm^ emtft ifm H?i-H3Rfm cm \rb% mt funic? f ?t?ifl=i I t ? T d i?mf fintiisH?
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Guide by Foreign Media Department Ministry io,ooo I n f i i tm Hifif n m 1
of Culture and Islamic Guidance, Fourth Edition, f i t i mSfii, c?m fim ^ H t f f i iiit tfntm
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% t?rcn m catfic^ U<\bM if^nif. n^ntf cstfic^ cwrt im H t f f i i n n tiHfSSt (IHCS), i W i ;
snmji m?nfi cnti ^îm mifi ?i 1 .iitTc? ?itti (w?lift m ? c i tcnm H U C 1 m f ^ ttc?fw, snrttt? fsi
\ooh '^.) tnci ?ijntf .nifci^ ?itf arstcn I t n t i,ô,ooo; tfSsm a d t n t sft (The world of Learning
ift t?tcn mnm fiit? ?#?[ bfi?icn 1 m n tncn 2005, London 2004, ^. \ri^-\rb'S) 1
m!if?5 m t ^ i i i f itn f^?tc^ c=icf nmm fit tnm ihSo 2ffft) tnf i f f i f ? ^ ifif cA?H
n nt fit iHci:i 1 t m ttfi ^ nfim mcirfim filfiiiiicn f ^ m fim i[icn i f t i mifin? ifnt
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sn^rfii f ^ 2(Hi i n ein ?tct o is,n ^ fif? ?tct 8 a i m f i - ^ H nci I
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n H f m u f n ^8 I i m i m = t T c i g i J o (MM-s\ tHtn m t ijimit ? t m r n t i ^ t t m n i f t ? i t i I

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c m t n f ^ H n H t i f ^ f t S t ijv!)<ii 'iifHs ? ? I c?mT a j H f ^ m i I i i b - i f H i f i i tiftiijtiHti H I
t n t f i i H n H i i S t n , is.b-8 % m t n t i ^tti n i H n ^ I H m i I . mmt m i t m i t t H i H i i t n s i5v8
i9Hti t n t f t i m ^ , m - f i H i , '^'it^, t i m n g , *ii^, t H c 5 H t i 2tff%^ m i I 8. m f i m f ? s i ^ t i t t i i j m g
t m f ( t ^ imrnH m t m f fistim n H n n I H (^tti is.<j-b- f ) t H t n t t i i ? f i I (J-. f i n m f i t f i u m
m i I t m ^ r i r H t ? 8^,000 t s i mti; fini n t i -nft s i s i b r o f t H c n t t i 2itf& m i I b. f-mH t i n t i t f i H m
m i n mtn atimrn I g iS.10 f t H H H H t l 2ttfl m i I 1. C1?tilf H f f i H l l ? g

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I!JO,OOO I t m t m M i i m m ^ i t H t ? t s i i t H T i , i ^ , i < t o 1 f i m t m t i t f i i j m 1 isi8 f t H cntti atff^ mi 1
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t i t t i i i m c i # i s n r m (îrfi is.'bo '(.) t m mtHT isb-<^'(. I ^ o . c H ^ t f i H i a t f f ^ t i l f i H m , c n m , 'tffi
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the Persian Question, London 1966; ( v i ) Revolution, Bloomlngton 1981; ( i i i ) Joseph M.
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Times to the Islamic Conquest, London 1954; Bibliography, in the U.S. Library of Congress,
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Fred Halliday, Iran : Dictatorship and m m f m ? ystm f s t ^ m t r , m ms. n . m w r m n i % ,
Development New York 1979; (<*^) Mohamed t i m ttriHi w f t i , m m ôo8 f i
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Marglnality and Politics, New York 1980; (h'\) R.
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Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey and Greece, Princetou
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tm
tm a t l M U R I mm (._. .^) m lR<l(io *t'tft5cJ> m ^ ?tciri I i f i m e i c i , m i n m n fa Uwaym

(. . j . ^ - , c n ( _ 5 - n f m 2 t i T * f c i w T p (_^) m m m ciei m i c n n t m m m m e i Gayomart
t f n f m f t c i mrai?- ( j m H c i i mm tif I f i H i m 5 I H mi ( t n f t m , a; H I * ^ , W^, '^'^ %;
cma(fl?5ci) ^ i - t r a m t H C 5 ( . ( j U L j ';=u.)m' . i i ? t = - n t i t f i ) I '
H*WWHm
(5,) c l e i t t i i H ? i m t H i - n i f ^ ii 1 1 ficimei
Itfi n f S is? ^ 1 1 H f (f'wm, i f , cj.i^s.-'b) 'm?cn âfift
ttmHc^ I
H H lift H e n n f t ^ r e n ^ 1 ifimen (f. Th.
4 i t # ? ( i ) imf>sm?, ii, H i c 5 ^ ^ (HiHm m t m ) ; (5,)
Noldeke, Funf Moallaqat, ii, IV) fifii ' m f i i i i
1
f^'1-mmil!, m r n m ^ ' i - ' m H l n n , mm. c.F.Seyboid,
? n tmrn H f i - ' t m * - c i . a i f t m?iei I H i c n n
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f tmlim-mi, i m c H iiWi>fefiv, n t f i f i - mntf,
mm fif. I t H i ife? i e tH m c n w i f g m m t Hircn
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\mi-mi' mi-%mft, mi-itmtfi-timfiiTt tim- m?
(o) H f t f i m H # e i n m f i f i sfmei (vj* s >b) 1
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?t fmifi?ien w m mgfim fft ? # ? t e i 1 ci? ci?
iovfi/ife'bfi, f. i.v; (b) i f ^ f t f , 1^111, I J t t i l ifefii (., f.
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.iilt til 'mfi-f m? (iJtiTt), ii.,^-i>b (^'b-i>!5, imt.
. a i f t c l t e n H i , tH 'mi-.a? Jj_i (in apposition)-.it?
f 5 f i i - % t 'mifi-Hfi, mum i o i o / i s > f i i ) ; (v) mtntft,
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icitar I m i f e fifii ' m f i i i i t ? n e i n f t n? i e i
ii'ti-f m?, f. fii-vv, aoo-a (imr. G . Jahn); (s>) m i m C2m f mm i c n .ii?tHfl-tm i i "m^"m\ mi
mi-mimmtf, i m i i - m t i i r , ii, is-^so, ^^.i, .iitti i t f i i e i ? i i ? - s ^ ? t i m i t i "tmrn H t ' i
1
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H.Fieisch i m m t i f n i (E.1.2)/ cit8 c a w t S i i f n
mm immî i ] s f&mii I n ^ f t at#t i t f t f e ?1H ?5m
%jTf (^ ji) s .itift C113I It Ittm? m I ? t m e i , fife? tH sicwn il|ieB irrni tft "mi i i
( i ) t m I t n m^ C113I m f f i i f i m i i c n m fiti i n c?ei?iei fifHs mi n t mim i t H ^ i af^'Q ^rfiie
^ m t C l (J. Horovitz, Koranische Untersuchugen, f i ? f e i t H * i t i mi n t n ? f t m f i i i ^ i i i t t t m i ( H f ,
I t f i i iJftîb %, %vfe-f m f t g mil mimt fiitcii) i i R m t i f. I t . ) I i n . a m t i i f t i l c Hm m, i t e n m m ? f i cstt
cma tHCI "mi-n iH itf?f I H ? t c i itc?r itimt t m c i I t e n - mfgme . i u f t i i ? sieitf atita c i f e i ? s f i t i t e i m ?
mfi, tt^m tittn i f t imfi i H m m t i f i m c i C I , imi m .itit t H c art^ i n f t f i i t f i f t i f u e ? ffi i?i n,
f m m i - ^ i ^ i i ? (mfn) H n w t n H ^ t m *iti H H tH a t n " t m m H f ' i - ' f m " - n . a i l t a r f ^ t f t i t e ? f i f ^
mm I .itt ^ i t m . i i i f t srtffi 'm?if c H ? i mi-HH^ f i i mi I i n . a i f t m f t i t e i t e i , f i t f i m (m)-n i n c i n
f t f i H tm f'mmt-c (>bv m t i ) f i c n n c i " m f f i c i m c i i ^ t i m e ? mfm tse? i r w m i * i t i m e n i f c ? ? i m i
Iten cm" ^ t m i t i c n m m I H H C H (f. m-f#ff,
HtDf^l I
i H i t c i ) 1 m fiHi t i m i i m f t i " m n iti-mfiim iH
sfî^t ( i ) f m , vs> sb-m m m ; (^) 8 f?iw, 1 1 1 * ^ ,
H f m i m iti-ifiim c i t i f a i t n i f i c " Q I i c n , n ^si; (o) ^ c i n , o f , vo

^ 1 . , c i n , si., vi 1 . ; ( 8 )
t H i n mmt C H - n fa m n i (Genesis, io.^cj, f.; 1. 1 . ; ( f t ) m i t . Annals, i f , ^ i 8 , ^ ^ o , c^^si, '^sv 1

Chronicles, i, 17) HiH f & f ^ i c n n t 'm?cn fif^ W. Montgomery Watt. (E.1.2)/f?m tm*^
artfti w i c H c f t e i t m - ' n i t i m e i nt^ i c n i .iitmci,
"mi (f.) m^ 1 tft t m - n fg ( f . n t m c n Uz) n t i t f ^ t^tlf (f. f l t H )
(g.) 'mfi? t?t tH1-.il? fg i 'mitfii (g.) H Amalekltes- f ^ T f t f t s f. i i C 3 . i , <{., a t n i ^ c i e m ^ f c n a t m f i t n

e i 'miifi ( H ' f i m i ) f n m-a? (f. Lud) t m - n cim (Itim) 1 i t f d ? f g ^ i t m e i i f o i i c i ? m m 1 m n t e n
tiHitfi?icim
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Contents
t c # i m
(m?:mH I m f i - i a m (iiob-) i 'Sûsm 4N ?5c?i n t t ? ? t t ?tw2fi a i m - a t H t H ? i t ? m f n (wT?i?f,

(mo) c u t CUT, f i f ?! -sifci? m f t ? m - ^ p t f f i ? atH 8t, bb) I
^?T?io t t f ? i?c?ic? ( i i i s ) i1??T ?Tci? I mcic?n? sttHmT f w ? g n c n I t m f ? n ? .at t f H m ?j?m ( f . E I

it?T (iiibr) f:'#iTC5iHfmf m o t i n I mcic?n? 5t1? m t l ? ? Mouelhy, in B I E xxx (1949), 197-228) c^^ci?
m1?m=T? ?i ^ ?^Ho IC??; ?tmo? mTH??5-./i? ?tm . a m ? S c u T t c ? ^ mt, t i f t c ? mm t H ti2itH ?5?t ?it i
n t H H?o n I HHW (iiiSi) w?-t?Tsf? mif% I t t i c i ^ f m t i "mf ttm tm m m m ? ! ? a t f i t i c i ? ?<m?>sfic
mic?ft t i ? m ??t? .at i H ? H m n i a t n ^^cic c i ? i ^ i f c n S n aR??m He? i H c H t ( t i f m HH?5CPf? m u c i
T3t-.a?# w ? m t t m iH f # ? I t m tc? ^ f c i m c i ? n ) m n .a?t fitf?icn m t w H mc? it*tH ?tcw?Tf
iH t m m w f ^ mt I ctr? f H ?tm?,'t i t f ? T tmtT i H ? s c n I ' f f ? ib-ob--io i c n t i c i c ? n ^siTf?i T H c n
?5c?? (iiî) 1 cus m (c?Tt) m i l irfmrt t m f p n i n m ? c i c n i s f tf?cHc? u f m i m m e n i f n tifm
"5tt, m c i t H m % T - . a ? mti?5 ? m f m mm?t t i H ? t H c w H f I U n I i b - i i H e n mcb f m m 'iff mîfcn
c u m t c & H m n t - ^ t m ?t?t? mt i ^ ^ c i m n f m t t f t i f mc? m u t t i ?nn3 m t i n t .a' ? < t i e n c i e n
H?it n a t t i afb3 ?i?t m I t m f f ] ? t? t m ^tiHt?'* fiei cim? H m f e n im-iHeiten H f 4 ? t .ait
( i i ^ v ^ s ) n ? t m (BaiaK) f?H iic^vo-.a c w i m c i c n c^? cwTwH it3Fts H i ^ ? m ? n m f i m f m "stf ? m ?
! ? f ?5C?1 I H u e i c m 'gitf?i c n atm-atftn? "si^mi m n i i b - i ^
8 ( i ) W . B. Stevenson, Cruasders in tiie 'f^tei? . a f e - c i l t d w f i f i l e ? i t i f w i ? "5ts t?fwc?? n
East, ?tsm fisjcm I c m atit? mt?'^ H f n f t H m ? m t i H m Hewm
?sf ?? I tifmH I U ^ i m f i c n fi?iwet ? m s ? H ? # ? f
% ! w r ' rtfT ^ K f ^ ' r t ( i i ^ j ] ^Lji) 2^f?'s?im
m - H i f H C I i??5fe?? Het ? f f i H OT-sHm ib-is i e i ?
?5i i f l i ? 5 n t f t c n atf?m? m^ nrf i .at ntci s.
m'm n t t t m i (5_.i_^) f n ^ l a t H nttHci?
c i m f - H b HCIm Hfiien tifmH HCWHI i f i m
wH i ? m e n H?ct u s ? m m i i m r .aeros i t f ^
4 l t f ? f t cut ?5H: ?tc? Y. Linant de Bellefonds,
fiTf?ittei i t # ? i . a i H Tm- i ^ f m e n (te? im
Volonte interne et volonte declaree en droit
? t m f a # ^ ^ u H i t ? a t m itr?) ?j?m ? 5 H mt i â' m m ?
musulman in Revue Intern, de Droit Compare,
t f ? H t f l l t i f m ?te art m H i t t e w ? i i t f < i H t i
iot ( i f e e v ^ . ) , e i v s (?3?tc?Tt, ?tra?Tf^ tTtfl? m t m ?tc
ihi(t-<h c i H U H f 'a ' S i t H ' m g i t c n ?i ?te ât
att?m m t ? ^cm m t ? f t i c?t f ? T t u g m ^ H ? cit m n
Ht t t f e ' m ) ; H f I t i t i H r m s ^ t c i m t H H fitc?
f m t i 'mf Hf?m f % 5 t t f H t e i H i
H f t f c ? a t n H t ic^-s
t f a ^ m I U ?ftc? "mmci a t ^ ?1t?t m i

f m a t f 5 t ^ f n t mm i t m ^ t i f H ?T?if i f st H f i c
i ^ n I
CL. Cahen {E.1.2)/-5mi t H H ? t t
g i m f i e n f i w ^ m n e ? ? w u ' ^ i H ' H C I C? W H OT-SH
^ i f ^ f T f (Ei. f ^ Hm H n R )
?t S w f i f i l e ? tifm'aH H e w H i ?sfi?tg i e ^ i e ^ .at
^7[f^fT5T (^lJ^:Ul) 8 m cff? ?5?HHi f H cm H Sm Ittn fH'sH^ H w H i ?5H mt i fH fiie? m u
t r m , H H 'S^vilf HStCWJ atisH t i l I .Ht??5tC? i H f ^ [ i m H i e n f?em-affHei i t e r n i e n f c t S n twfi? n
t f m mtci s. fimln i tHen S t ^ i f i m (?ms? i m i f i m ?jf) ? w m H H
tiHm .a?sHfH cm ?T?iT H H H H : ? f m t i ' m f i ? 5 ?? I ^1 c? ?T?if f l l fHe " s f i m f i c n ffj? n t i f H e n
. a ? s c i # | m n t m H i m n ?T?it atHtt? t H t ^ t i l I im f U w f i ? i ? ? l e ? ? H f i m n f i f i H m m i H i f i f .at tH
m m c i ? m t t f n t i s t i ? i ^ .ai ? < t n H uscm? ? 5 c n Hie?? -îmfiitt m n c n î?f f H ?tii it?f i f i m fie
? < t n c m w ? w u m?, n t m # ? c n w u csmi ?t i ât I C ? I t H ? ^ i f i m w u ib-ee % H t i .at i e i i ? m
t i H m ^3?Tf?m?cHtT H t H ?ms?cHtT ?tc ttH I mm w f l e n c?, im H H i t t ? ? e n ?em?s i f i m Hte
?1 f H H w c w l a i H I t t <5tc ?t^ ?t 1 lat t f m ttf?e?i, e? "5iif?en ? t n i m ?H m m u t tH ? t c i c i t
w^ms fo? 1? <fcn i f T u m ? <[Hm ftitc?^ ?lw iH i cTOf 35H ^ i??stc?? i t H m r ? b f i H i f t c ? I
nc?? H H H i i m f n u t i H m H t i i atHtom^ H H C ? ? ^ tH f l i c ? ? " g i m f i i t e i ? c? ? t f ? i m m a n t e n ?T?it f i i
IW? ?5H?tticn rnmr t i c n cttaitH m ? t ' S m m c a f ? mm t f i m t f i i H H U i m i . a t 5ftfient atf t e i =
cm I m m n tf?Tcn H H I t t m ? atfsr i i m m f i t f m n c n t f f m ?te c? m t t t c i tH i c t m i c n n
tmf fitcm
t.H.fiAe
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Contents
i r a t^m^ cffiifm m m m i n i i atm ^ e i v g \ s ( i l f (^T. .-,-.1.1) g fif^ Citfii? f i m ^ceig
i R I i f i i f m t n (m i i c i i k ti cmat n cT?rt . Itif"i-îfm 'sm'i-iti fwît^ fii-'itititi it<[i- fwtim?

tt n t 'iiicg H fnt tfiH tHirt O T H ?t i i v i t i f f i i m-f'=iîi mifi i t f i t f i t ? mfi? mfgî-ffiiti
^tc itrfi "f&K^ri m u t H .!s,ooo f l ^tc ^,<too 'fl'-.a (mmii-t itfiff, % 8 8 o ) 1 t f i m i f ? inrcien c i g i c i
m i m I ib-vfe ^3 ivfes f s t m I t t i m m m fifi m m f i H i iiatewj? 1f% fji? ?5f?mflcm
Hiirvo i f i n t i f i I ' j f m H i t w n m t i m e n m r i t t i f f i i ' mei? mmilt m m ?ft?iei i c m t i f f i i
^ i f f i l (ut. o - . - i j i ) ; t i f f i l i j i ^ i ) ;
.at m CI i f c m i t ? t i ^ m n f i i t f f i - i m j i i t i f f i i ( J . - -i_-i): t i f f i i { J - I I ) (.auf f .
t i f m m f i ; m t l c i t n ? C1^3?^ n 'an m m ( m t m ) tmit-t Itfiff, tfm, tro) I
( t i f m H fm('m,.fcm.ifTf f a m m l t Appaito) f i i f i t .^fHfii mmf ( i i , % .JsA) .at men m m t i f f i i '
mfi^tus??? f i i R i H '^mi n s , i i f i i t i f n f ? it^Fts fifi?ten I ffi .at?ii i t i i ? e n .at i f ? i I'Ht ifimen ci,
m^t; .at m f i CI t i H m f l i tH ivso i.. l i s i m f l i i c m f f i m ^ f m : n me? w i i f ? i i f i e i t?iei
.at n e n tifrnti-sfi % t i tei f i f n ^ i m ?t i ât ' t f f f i i ' m e i miJtf? i m m? ( . a w f f . f i i r n i ' -
u i m mâmi f i f ^ n c i i m t M i m ^srtm ^15, ts?tffi, f (tb) I i t ? f i f ? i ^ 5 i ^ r ^ f i f i ?ftmci CI, f f
n i , n , ci5f, f i ^ m f%en % f m e n i t m fiam,
m m t i m e n i^tmiei i i m m i 4 m i cmif?
fifrf *men m5-mm i f i m m ( c m ihoo ^fstcn cici? f i i
m i r c i i?fi t i u n e i 'itimfii' ?m mt i i ^ 3 F f i i
i ? f i n ? m5). I f ^31'û f i i t ? (ittfem, 1 S 1 J fiit??t?it'
i t i T c i ' s f f f tm? t i f i f i i ' m mi ( m ^ mw, f i m , tmtf^^
?m ivfe % 113 at^fi f l l ) , fc? m?mT ^ i m r ??en
?5i-m?mT cmsfi f f m m t f m f i i - m ? i t m ii 4 l ? f ) r ^'tmitf'-m^3mlf14ei? Sfm? f i f i ?ftmei ci.
i m f l l t t n l i i m f l c n (^^f? ivfj-o iir^bo 'sf.-.a? n c i ) , H i t e^?im'^cci'îffii- ( j _ , i _ a i i L ; i ) I f f f t m m
m f ciew5 atmi (iirb ^.), i f n e i cif-if?m, m t m r , i i mwi ? i f i ' (3?f^ sti, % ^ô) I f i ? ?itci f i e n ^ i i
fiH^ i ^ n wi-if?mi n i t , f i m s?tfi?si? i # t wfi aft? H C I .at f i l e ? .am c i , mt i t i f ' i - i f e n ^ i t f i f l i
f i titfi f l l I ib-8 "Qivact i f e n i f t n f c ? m f i m t i f f i i ' I tmit-t I t f i f f fei^ c m finfw-t fi?tw
tei îmfnien i t m e i ? fi?m?f fi?t?i ?#m cim n i i i i t f i i ' 1 - i f i ifîji tut t i f f i l - . a ? atitm ?fS .aift
mmen lem m ? cmiitwi fif?^ i m n n t 5t itci i u I f f m fiesrt^ a t n n m m ^ iitft n f i f n g "e?
fiat^, ijf?i Itwm m a i t i j m m m n u ??ci? iimei? w u mwtfigfw m i t i m ? Hfi ft arat ff?ef ?5m n f i i , f f i
i n t wf?mt fiit?i if?m cim mt i m i e n ? i ^tc ?tceii i f i - ^ H m i m i t ^ f i t n t i f f f i i " (f?tit-t
mw i m w u If!? i i ^ c n f i?t<3 i f n t c i i t ^ m n . mfitf, 1.8<^^) I
.at m mew it imif? i?te?ten w u ifBe?t f i i f ? i ^ H f ? f i n i f?H a t m i H i t e n , fH a t i e i f i m
?j?î?eB5ff i m n I 'atîimfiienê^^ci?icimmimc? t i f f f i i - ' a ? I t m e i n t i c ? f m ?ti??ei? i t m e i f l c n i
?? mw? Itme?? if?iti itHm m , i H m t t i f f ?f6 f f n - i t i t f i f e i ? . a i t f i i i H m ^gim
a t i i f 8 (i) m^m-mmni m-wt??f, mtwit^'i- i t m i r i f " T - f i e i i t i f i - f i I i m itf?-t f i m f n t ' i i m
fi'-i?tfwi 'sm'i-mim, f m i^fes/i^'^fe-b-o; (^) f f ? t i f i f i i ' H e i ifUtf? i m ^ m e i i
wtmi, < M f f i - t m t âmi mm, itenwtfgm ivs>o '(.; ( ) t??C?? 5,1tfl Hfl'l-'S[11 I t i f ' 1 - f i tw c?wt?
I t i f i I t f , rniff^m-ifi, ir?em is.i.jj-^'jj (8) H.A.B.
tm i f i m f i m e n t i f f f i i ' H i t ?mt? i f n t e n
Rivlin, The Agricultural Policy of Muhammad
(tmift H f i f fei? H f f ?f5 f m , f i r i ) I
Ali in Egypt, Cambridge Mass. 1961; (<f) G. Baer,
Itm m f f ?'fH i f n t e n c?, ' f i m -itif"i-fi i i
A History of Landownership in modem Egypt
800-1950, London 1962; (b) ^ C I H . T h e atf fsnifis: f i m t i f f f i i ' i i m ' t i f f i i ' iH
Evolution of private landownership in Egypt itmei' (tmif-t H f i f 4 e i g f m , % v - ^ i ) i t? mfe??
and the Fertile Cresent, in C. Issawi (ed.) The atf^ fimen m t f atm w t m m m m m , ^ j i m
economic history of the Middle East, Chicago I t i f ' 1 - f i I f i fifi f i f i m i f ? n t ,ii af?f
1966, 80-90 I îlllfC? 'tlfil' H i t ?ft?TCl (fiflf'-m'3Hf 1, f.
G. Baer ( E . L 2 ) / I t i m C?tcn i f e o ) i n ? Hfiji i t ? m (g. I t m i m ) f m i t n i ' i - m t f i
t m f fi^ni
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f c i f f ? f m - n (?it 2Ht*t l i n i m , ^ m i mf ?tc m i t n w m i m ^ itc?c?? f i i s fiiip? ?sf?m c m t mt ifH

H H ?tc ftfitt ifimm m c ? i s f i f f I t n ? t?tci tmfc i t m m i citttc? ^ g i m
f t ^ ' i - f c n i??tc? f m wm t?tcn ijtwc't? ns ? t m
'îfst m i ? ? I f i f cmf i t m .at f c u m?tcnci f i m
jûvi . ^ U j aJLc pk. n n . L j ^ ^ ^ j j ^ j ^ v i ?sf?c n m ? t c i ^ 3 i m m e n s t m ?sm m, tmfc m
'ci?t?tci?ci3Rimic? I I C I cm mm t?tci?ci f m m
fimtmitmm i
c m cm^s .af?rfii fi??ct mm m c?, cm mm
. a i m t i f f f i i m u i T i H c i mtitwâ i t m f i m f i c n
(tfi-t f i f i i m ? , f m f t - t ft-tratn, it, v s 8 i ) i c i t
n c ? ^3im f f ^ f m - f i m ? m i t ? m m m ( m t ) w? ?3f?m
(mtm'l-im%T, fiff i^lo/ib-fivs, i) n tmfr f i m f i c n i
41,ficnm i i c ^ ib-sxf f , ( f 8 f#ra Hiffe
fH>a I t i 3 K ? f i c n mslf H c n i t i f f f i i "a tm i f m e n
t f ? ^ w t f i m n fH t?tenci SP? i f i m mr- f i m
mm i m mr CT, * t f i f m - f m f w n t fif^ n c ?
f t ^ m - f e n f i i s m g i H 4tfit iH?f f t ^ t i t?tei tmfe
i m mHH f?f%s iRnm fiHr ?tmci i- mm msmr?
t?tHte^ ^ i m Hf?^ ? t m i m m i t m stemmm t?tfi?ci
i?iw5tc? m mm? %Tffii'fif^ti ?tm mms ( m n t # fife itm fim fic icn i t?tc f ^ ' T t - f i i ?
amm. The History of Mediaeval India, ifio)
t?tHtei c m m t c i f i f e i t m m f i m I t f i f fim fiew?
^îmi rnifm-fi t i f i f i * t f f m m w^jmi i m i m?
fim?mifli^m(imwc?nmm, itfrnfimifim, H i^fmfci tmf mfim m I cmtim f t H m ? m n
^ i i ; m f f i - t ft=pm i t , vs'b'b) I m? f i m t n t f m n cmcn 11= f m i - . a ? fiHie? t i f f f i i e i ^ i m (tmit,
mm f i c n (mmm-t mfift, f s s i ) i 'mmiff' H H 'mmt 8 8 ) 1 iite? afsfi 'i>i<p|*i . a i n f m i - . a ? ^jit H?mt
(mtg) 'm?' ( f u ) ât n m m n m m t f ^ t t m c i ?f%m i m i f ^ , îm m ? m - n mwfmei f m e n i f S i ^jit ?s
i f i m c i I m t f t - t f t f m i 4 c f t i f m i t c i mim? rnm*^' f l l f?t H?f?t ilim? c m m mt I
m n f f w m f ? w u ?fim ?im i m ^ m c i (^. >b'b)' i f ^ ' i - f i m ? m t j f H i e i 4 t e i f m c i ? ? f ?if?f <
f m ? wcjp n - m H i mm m? m i f?f^ m m i f s mm^s .at im n t te? f m ^tm H m e n 4 m ( j i < i) fifs^
3TOSf f i f ?m i f ^ I â^^f mm m? m, i H i ^ ??cit fH i m I t ? ? f I t c i ctmtfin i f ^ ' j ^ m n fH i?rci m
i m m ? i sm ^^fiiism tHs? fi?rficn i f ? m csmm^ msM I t m f fifi? ?sm n t m i (^ "t??) 's eif|f? gfmti^
f n f l l I f m ? l i m m m n iiFm?^ i s t m t f i i - mc? i!43i im m f m i ^ f ^ i f i m c n i mpr fmmt fH
. a m f m c i ?fmm cmtc? ws?i mm m i m f ? f i i s flip? if?m t i f f f i e n f ? f , îfîim l i f n m f ^ ^tm t?tei
C I ? I ?? ?mmf? tomcat fH mHi-ttfi n i ?tmfm-n I t m f f i ^ i m (mtit, ^. 8 8 ^ - \ s ) i estr
T?tit-t m f i f 4 t i mtt t i f f f i i ?tc ?fi ?tmn m, c i t n e ? tift m j w i f f i tnfc^? mTi f l i i
" t i c t i m 4tifici m t f i i tmm ?tc fim m f ? t f g f f i e n m m ? t cmtim 4fm i i e i f i m m ? m f|?
cfsfcfr miic<t> itmc? t t f e mi i fsttmi t n t s H mm? m Hf% ?tm c t e n m, mwi m e n m 'simfif t t n i f i m
?tc tfm fim mmtm ctci m H c? itfic m H i .at cmtim .aimsi t f f f H c n lemt ?ft?tei i fmt f f i t?iei
i ? l f ? m m 2 t H w S n i m m m ^H t H mi i fH m m
f ? t t n f s Hite? 4?t i R c n (rnrnm, f 8 i b - ) i
Htci? I t t fim m m c i m f ? f i f i m fim m m Hi&^tc
mm?t ?fi ?t?i l t d m, ^ g i m f i i - f i m ? m f ?
.at 4f2H m m ?5m, "?H m H c m f i i mcwm i f i m f
f m m t Hw i m m tifficn ift f i m f n t f i m f i c n i
^ c? m n c i ' t - ' m f i i c n 4 H m m i t f i f ic?m stH.
f i f tm?t-t m f i f ? ?lit ?tc wmi m c?, t i f f f i i f ?
1 ^ mfi r t i f f i f f p i c t f?mi i f m m c?, i?c?cn
e n n f i m f f i - f i m?mei? i m t c i fimx
f ' m mmiirt fH ?rcwr? f i ? i f t t m f i c n ( f . f . , t[.
^1 ( f . 4., % Sib-) rtmm-n c m c?e?5 f i m
88i-88^) I
m i m e i ? t f i i t m n e i i ? l i t i t 4i H e n , c i t w i T
? t c n tfiiamm n m i t n - t mm-â? t f i m m f i i .aiimfi f ? i ? ? i m c i t i f n f i n e m u ?fim i e i i m
f ^ tf ^tci tiffitci f f t m m i t f " i - f i ^3?ci cm lffl"^C? I
t m f Hêm
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tRffe
BOI/Iô8 R W ^gRm l ' T ? l ' R - M f t ^ R t M f ^ T O F ^ t 'st^^R? iitC44fD 'stâRIRs TO% R t R R t ^ iiir4?# s t l R ^ ? M

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R t R 4? ^gRl? 5ft?^R-%T-iil? 'TORTsnR? RfR R?5S^ 'oiR^
t ? R l ^ 1?'5lr4R
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C T E R ? I LILT^Kt R G W < TTFT W T ^ I R T = r a WM^'^f W o 'srosR ^ I R ? Re?j t t i !5t^; (^) c?t?^ ^te % R l t R ÎFêt
RLRMFW<^^^ I TOM W M ? (ibC^8/iC^C^<=l); () R t M " ! ! - ^ ?sl?f5t^-C4
liitfeRs <ITCWCT? R T W F F F T R^TIRFFR ÎPI<T> R 5 R ? i T O êwe*tj %5 ^ < M ? (b^ct/^î^r) 1 ?5T?t5t^ C 4 F ? ^
' f t ? L ' R - % t t R # ^ [ W T ^ T T F W R T T R I L ? ' a r j ^ T O ^ Ktr4 attet % M M t^-i9? M TOrlft?it c t e ^ I'si^g-iR M ft?

?SFEIT M F T ^ M ' I W I ? F E N " M F L C R ? I 'SRFE TO t? ''SRT^ 'I3LNI'5ii-ft? R t R ^ ? t ^ T O (MF? ?#?t %PgMR
TOff? ' T L ^ ^^KTC4 ^ ?SFERT ^ ^ R T O ' ' T O L T ' ^ ' R - M ^TLF*! TRRte?csRt ^QeÎH I t R f M w t ?T5?TR-i9? R M R ^
TOt'J?^ M R RKR -551 A M R 4 M % T O I l i f t RSTO ?T?TO 4 M H ; M ^ K t ^ M RM 5 M ? t Rtftc TO^RF^
1 ^ ?'^TO ft# tti: W < T R T CTTOTR C | M ^ i- VTO^W? M R R I i'5Ist?t^-i9?5T?T5T!^TOe?t*T4?t^ I M ? ^
^?T5JCT ; ? 4 R T I ^ R H ' s r s t M t t M R T M ? TO^W TO? IF)?? TO ^ft?t Mfw ^ 1?e?? ê>5frtj f l ? T Q ^ I W ? ) R w t = F i9??
''AN# R MM O ^ I^ S - ^ T ^ MFL'?-%T ^ - S ? TOI# M ' W T O Re^ R % i C M R '5TTE?t^=F Rwt 1 ^ n m R R 'SFF
?WNTO XTTO?5T ^ I > I > O V I ^ I O R t ? ^^^mn ^ F ^ ' R - M ?]^R ? ^ cMt S ^ f t i l t ?l'STO R?s^ R # I R ^ FF? ? % ^
' T O ? i t 4 ? t ? M N R ? t ? T T O t f 5 ^ N R O R K R s i ^ ^5tc^ T T O ^MRt?tTO I
^ T O T R ( 3 # ? R ? 4 T ? 5^1 ^5T?f T M F M F R - ^ T '5iT'S?'S ^ ^ t ? T vsTvsst? t^TfsM ^ Rt?N?, IBVOOA^ ?e^, Re?
C T O t f TO? I % P $ M TOJtRT ' S R M T R R m R J ? R M R^TF^ C T O t ^ R , 'bvOi/I^'OS Re? C?RRt l i R ? R ? ^ ?'^R? ^ ^ ^ I M TO
? # T O t ? -bC^VI^^FJ- R C ? R R ^ T O ' o k s C t k ^ 1 M F L ' R - % T ?5e?? I IBW/icj.VO'b Re?? 2TtR M M Mn^ ( ? T O TO ? t g )

W T ^ ? T T O M W ; "IRA TO'OT^ tti:: R T ^ ^FTCRO Rt 1 FF? '^rt^t ? 5 e ^ I ^ îMte? M RtftM M M iiit?it W T
WL'BMI^ ' R i f t TOT? M T TOTT?J - ^ R T T O R L R I T ^g^^jvot^ ^ te?? ( R , LIFT R?e? t T O # ? ? - R l T O ( R t t ( R ? I I R t R R ,
tR^MT? CtRStr ^ T C M ? C F R W o T T O ' T O . t S T M T ? >I)/IO liiM, R e ? t'l^'olvict? R^Rtft "^îe^te? Mte
TO? (M^'R R W F T ? , ' J . >53;-'LO) I i ^ M T M AFRTR l i R ? CÔ R t R R , IB/c^S> lilfStR, Re? lift R T O ' ^ R M
M L R T E ^ , 4 ? M E ? C t * T ^ ^ G ? J R T S # ? R E ? J 'SFFSGMF^ vg RtR??5t t ? M L T TO? I t^JE4 ? R M f t ^ ' S ? r 5 R - t ? R T 5 T - i i R
'SRTFT R ^ C?ttT 531 M (The History of Medieval ttefRt^4?t^ I
India, % "iCtb) 1 T?t4r ATE^ ^ T O "^CR "M1^ ^ 'sflft ftRf^MR ?R? 8 f ? # ^ 'TO;. % ^g^TTO lReR
TO" ?>tt1^ 1 R M ? M E ^ (% 88<T) I #?w*tR M R TO? M " ^ ? 5 e ^ 1 ^ ? f $ R - t ^ > M R R ? M R
RRTO t R f ^ O M F T ? C W J I RTMR-ML^, M t^S"^ ^ - t M M 8 c ^ ' ? I'RWF M R , ? W T e T O X T R ? 4 T M ^ "^^^1 M M ^ i i l ? # ? # ? t R?'S?tWt I ^ Me4fl:^ (Squinch)
M L ' R - % T 'SFT^? ' R T R T W ? ^ t W f ^ M TO 19?? ^|?TO M R ?mte?? srtstM cettTO^-^roeliit ?R?-tTO M e t
C T O t f TO? I X T ^ ? W R M ' R - % F ? L M - S M O T O ? R M I R T R R t M 'TOTO t=TfMR ? R C ? ? M i t f ? ? ? T
( M ^ * ? - R W O T ? , ^ ; ' L I ) R'^?IT?I i ^ M T M ? MTI'R-% e t r o ? s f ? ? i e ^ , ' f t R ' g ^ M R ?Re?? t r o e ? ?M?.R r o f t i ^
'OFF'S? ^RvsRR t = F F M T ? F?JT4OE?? F?EGT^?5Mi FT? M (granite stone) TOt l i R ? 'st^Tg? 'ttfitTO( R t M
T?JE4 W ? S M ? ÊWETJ F T ? C W J I T P ! R T M " ? - M ^ ? ^ W E T TOt f ? M I ^ T O (Rntt-s (Rntt TO? m^'Q R R ^ ^ft?Te^ 1
62I?t 4 C ? ? I M F ' R - F T ? ' S F T ' S R M O ?? ' I L ? ? . ' T O ? M R T M ' R - % ttea? R ? a ! 4I-st<t=te<''st ' 5 R T M ? T , R ? a !
? R e ? ? F2FIFR 'jsft
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T M R R T ? # T O F ? ' F T O I ' ^ - ^ ifaC^'b/'ITM IC^c^S R e ? TO?IRT ^ (Rt? ! M t M l e ^ I a f t f R F J G ? ?TOTO ? M e ^ I TO
R T M R - M t ? M T R TO? I T T O t ? M T E S T S t ? M T I ' R - % ? ^^je<i? (RSR-s c^H-s ' l M T M ^ " (WtTO^'R-Rt?1^, i R
V5RTIS?-iii? M T ? " ^ - % T TOT# R ^ E I I E T ? ^TOI?4T ^ ? T ? C ? ? 1 t M ^ , ^.bb)\
ftRM sj^Rt? i i i ? R R ? W F E * t ^ t R ? ?5e?R 19?;, M K it?e4 TO ?5M? l i R ? v o T O t*i"=il51 "TOte?? F%F% " ^ T ?
ft?I'R-^N?5 R T M ''TORT'^'R-'^ W F % 4 ? W T E T O ?#TO F M t^Re=^ ^5R1? R t ^ TO?lft, '?['ft?l'R-M
RTR??5VOT M ^ " ^ 1 ^ -bc^VC? I ^ O R E ? M M R T TO I ^n?, ojT?RT4 liR?, 5 5 5 ^ ? t t M R TOT#? arttT i
^5^RTO FTSTJ^MR #?E?? TOJTRF '9?^<I;^ R&TO R ? M M '^^ ^TOt?E4 R'slRtM 1 5 ^ ? ! ^ 4 M ? F M M w e ^
T???'=FM?it 8 tR'^^flRTOt afttT I l i l W o t FF? f t ? ? 'TOt^, ?teiStR
( I ) f < ^ W ? ^ ? T E W R ? L W ? L % ^FTE ^STIF^T R t t R "Ê? TOM 'jRSistMT, w?-#?e?? R t R ^ ? ? , ^ - M t e ? ?

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t?RtftM3^
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Contents
iRîiHwi n t m o n m^ c ' i n n mm Hii iic?î ifiim ^cncH fH Himi i t f n cititi ifiim i f i n

Hf3i? mite? nc? ffnt cifitci 1 'itfii, i^sr f f e n
t i f f f i e n HwfiTeit .afnt n f w e n 11 t m f f hwt fin IHCI fiew? wh cit?cn f i n iei if?ei n t cHici
Tilfw? He fi*R^ ?tei f i f i i t H i H f i i , fistf, fiff, Hi i ? t csm iei if?ei I
iiTweiT mmf Tfl i f i H t i f f f i e n HewT i f f i 4?i t f f f f i e n twi^ f2i itfin'1-fi i t ^ f i i^Tmen
ifntfieii I fRf?iei?eifieniifHiiei^f?iifiHf|eii m i m f e t i f i n i c n 1 f 3 t c n l e n l a n f ^ i ffit
n t T?tTn tnmei? imm i f n t f i e n 1 iHen m n e n m ?twi-ltn Hwi i%fiH? wh 2te?fw%? i?t ifif? ifiittf
i ^ - f i ^ n f i ^ i i m , m f i mnifî ciêsi^ m fientei f i c n 1 IHH f c n it?m ich ^cucith cn cmi i f i i
1 ^ ?tH f^Hfll I H I fa H f i i ' 1 - f i if?fei? t i H i t e i t i f f f i i ip3
t i f f f i i n w i if mrnnmi, n l i ^ iraf^^ m n citm? n I H f i ât Hcit f ? ?5Hî f c n hii?i m<m 1
fien I ffi ism-fi^n f i ^ n m ^ i m i m ifmif fien i tH? fat if? Iten l i c n gim f i c n 1
Hit? îîfisie? fi<3 Hm ie^ ffi cien fif^ ifci f i m t i f f f i i f l c n t??ei? m f i f i f i i fitiei? len
aiRieiH I f n icai I f i l m I ^flsrsi, cHUm f H c f ? it?el fH 'jfif? C2#i
mtit-t Hfifm IC fim m i f "i-ifi t i f f f i i cmft Itmei? iiTi?fiHiHif^ I

fgnrm ftmei H?f5 f i c n , 11^ ff^fm-ifici muf cih sf^^0[ s (i) H ^ fiHw -stiiwtf, mHit-t Itfit, imt.
? t H f i i 11= farfifm ftmei 1 T?m i t n t i e i sffii ?tc 'ir?f'i-Hf?T H f f rnmnf, i i , i t f r i8^ cf? H., î,
dfeiH min Hwitf n t t i i m i f f f i r f f fififiitei? f i n ? , ite?m ihtts f ( n m H i i i u t n n m t ) ; (^) h h ^ ,
cigffi fiffc m m iR 1 ^f^mHf'-mHf1, C?11 4 i H f t l CHHtH 1 ^ atmfi,
ie? HIHCI? l i t m 2tc iHteS? WH, if?ititen WH, ivb^ =5., i i ; () m f 1-t fififot?, iîficH? 1 ^ fH,
iHsme'ti WH n t cien imH i r f ^ ' f i wh f i H p t i i^Vi/iV^jfi; (8) Hf?T1 m 11111 mHtH*^, filTl'1-
t i ? m - ^ i e i ^ csfR mt 1 citnm nffî- mHi, f o f m i f i f i , iificH? i>i f@, it^?ti ii8/it^ itrfet;
^j^Vife cwHff, i^^fe mm H i f i f f "i-fiHifi i i csfR (<?) fiwtf"i-fi it^Hi, t?tit-t m i i f , c?^ .afiHfti
2fffifi fiff cifen 1 ..a5iie^ filf i??ei fienmei i f ^ cmttH ifeii =5.; (^Js) H ^ t n if?Hi t ? i " i m f i ^
IH mt nt.ns wt^swnfi^mi itfi mi 1 fiitite? c m ^ iti-H^î-if, m f 1-t f?mi?> I t f , c?ii .itfiitfti citittH
ift J511 f i m i H H iti i w f i f i i w i i c n f i i t ifei f ; (<{) f w i H? tsf, '|ititf' m^Hfl, cw. lira n ,
i f f i i H h Reif^ ?t I H i H i f citff f i i l i Hei fifr ifeib- (V) m n ' i - ^ t i t f , ff^'f- iimfi,iigtw
fiewen wh cifn i m e n f i n iei ifici 1 tHcn ?#? fifHim? atmm ifesv (fe) m itfmi i t ? H i hi,
iîm i m i f^tmite? cie^ ?#? iîm i m i l e i m i t H i ' i - H i t f i , iifieim, Hf'^'1-itfiH ii/ i i c B t n
i R i i ^'SH i e ^ tH?f .^1 ICI iRei I ivfefi; (io) m imH?, 'snm-t. i t f cm?-t fs, ite?m
t i f f i i fiff ^ ifwifc? f ^ itimiife f i m tifiotfi I f i fH; (ii) t i l l ^ t f i H i c?i, fiimi'-mHfi,
f i i f i i c n I -^men ich f i i t H e n m fienmei itm'^'i-mnm h iti'it5'i-mnm ith ivsfe i i
eiicHH I f H f i - t i m Him n f e e n f f i m ffit fH'; (i^) 'sm ^ i m I t f i , f n t ^ ' i - H i r f i (immen
'Js^t/iô mm f i i f i i H t i t f i c n ( i f H i ' i - H H i f i , i i tf?ti), c m .afiitfti ciTHtH, ib-feo '!{.; (i) f ? t m
Hieeî, % bb) I H i i ^ fi^rf, tfi-t Hgsm ( t m f itimnte? f i n i ) ,
t i f f i i i mntfî mnm cma ii^ leitcHit f i c n 1 i i , itH'-t tiiîtst, m f i f ifeifi f ; (i8) m imH?,
f%[i ?n HifHi m f ( ? ) - n f f f i n t w Hwt H f i t f ' i - i t i f i H ' , i i , itH'-t i t m - t ftf, mieif,
f'^'Tf.fi ( 1 ^ ) . ^ ^1131 f i c n I HitHf 1 1 f l f i H ' 4ef f1.?5tmt i^feo H.; (ifi) t i f afiti. The History of
i f ^ i%fei, fim t i f f f i i H?j ifi^ Hwf HWI 1 1 1 C 1 1 Medievallndia, t H H i cati, m?mm ife8o (ib) E.
ift mf^ ficn, f i f iê? H f i f f n c i w i ? 4f ii^ Thomas, Cronicles of the Kings of Dehli; (it)
I f H i t f i c n I ffi i itH< ifiei, i w fiftei n t The Encyclopaedia of Islam, i i i t w l , ^1; (ib-)
Himi H% wtfiH titl (f.) "-q^fie? I ffi HHitei Htmfiêmi, f 8t 1
Hi-Hffile^ mesf H^ttm f i e n H 1 iwme^ i ? m '^^'^ -am ?t^ f l ^ (H.H.t.)/ f. itw?i^ ? i
tîf^fiem?
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Contents
8 ( i ) f n t f , f U r t f ' ^ - ' ^ ^ (Houtsma,

Recueil, ii), H#; (^) i t ^ ' i - i H rni-i'imf, mnti'i-
itm m i - i i t ' ^ H i T t , i m t . n . t f ? i , ^rttm? i f e % ,
H?^; ( ) t f j l - m f ? , i i t . (Hi*); (8) <|itf?il?iliff,
miiic<i H H *aim f i ' t m ' f f H e n I H H l t t - t ijfir (GMS, i 8 / i - ^ ) , 8H^-H; (fi) f ? tt^lt^fi,
fiH ^ i p f - H f H i f (H? fiifi H H ^ l ' t f l - Iim, I t c i r i V f e i (., ^ t, ^ o i t.; (^b) C. E .
fiiViiî H i i ^ ^ ) - ? mm ^ftrnmiet # n i r a s i m I Bosworth, in Cambridge History of Iran, fit, i i
Wast? H H H f ' ^ (fi^fe/ii8-fi8HAifi^)-n lum, %
Hm i ' b s . - i o , iH^b-s. ( f i fgHcifin) I ticilif
bifllc c H t i R i m I H H ^ K i w m p r t m n m f Hrart n e n f ^ t l t cift I .at nfH tfciH? n e n .aiH itH=<3
I t ? 1 H I A, fasc.fio,fe^bi-^bs-cmH ^tmrci I
i m I w f ? i m t 2(Ht?tr?? w u vfit f ? ? f 2twi n H
t H m t f OT?t?lHf c t i ? t i?T i t ? U i ? t ? r t f t ? t f w H ? Mirza Bala ( E . I .
^ )
/ 8 .a. H^. n . f i i f i m n
m r ^ f m i ? r s i i f e t t f H f t ? tHt n n t fiSo/iiS'b ^ o j p ^ t ^ f t "ii^rf^^ smmcit I f f I t i cnrnm-
i l c t ? H n Hcwci it?.l??t?wlm spfs m f H t t n ? t c t stHH tct? n H mtt, itmt 'bi^/i^t *ftf? Hfm^ ? t c H i / i M
i m Ifmsiti f m ? m m ^#11 m n ^ f - t H m ? t m f ? mtHi ^t t w im?ii, rnimmwtm iHmtt n t
H??t tr f "Hn t i f m f H ? m:^ H?i? m I m f ^ m f f r ? H u m ^ - t f t i tt?ciT? iHmtt âmm m n iHti i
(fi8 V i i f i ^ ) n .at t H n f H i i i ^^?iHii? H?f?ct? H?tci dho/iih's-m fc^ f f H i t n m ? i i K - n f n t i ?tc
m? ni3! m w f H t f T f tHrî? ^ w i ^ t iHc t ? t i t t ? c i j ? nm i t i ^ fimtct? i f c i ttH?t m n m ^
I C ? I fifiVii-iJi m t l H H m m m ^ t i H m t H m m tHmnt i m I i t i ^ - tticn m? cn i?H tH? Hcwcn
?5m n t f i m m ? t m c i t?tH i H ? t m?5prmti ^^pi??itt fH? i f i m f i m ?sm I t??fmci citncn t H i f f
1^ i H H i m I f ^ m ? f m i t f c i H i c i m m c ? i - t I H H H I n t mH?t?i m t t f ? i .at ?t'cn t i H
m ' w n - n n t m m? m m i i .at m u m t f w H ? tm? ? H t i s I t ? m H H .aiH mfi uwitnct H H W i m I
mmimfH (Protege) f w t m n t u ? H u t m H ? t c n m tiwHf iitc?ttt Hw Hw H c i "s^ H f ?sm I
H n mmtHc?t ?5cn I t f i m H m f s i ( n t H i t f ) t i t i H f mtt-mHmt
t t ? m ? t c n mH ? m - n m f ? t H ^ ( [ n a n c e ) - n l u m i . H i f 1-fl ticiHi
Hittâ imti (tHi-ibc^) f i H i m t ? ? f f i?t mr t
H f t n o t Itci H H i t ^ ^ n ^ f c n m f ? c n nc?tHm .
m ? i i t i c i i m m ^ f n r im? m m f m m i c i i i m i i i ^ I fl'Hf"l-fl WtHl- I fwtf?n'i-iH ^ffi
i?m C5tt i m I H r u f t w t f c i H ? i i t u H Hf . HipTtîmfHmi imnrn 'iim
t u f s ? m - n H c i t m n i m I cittrci H H T R Q ? i H ^ m? _ J
t i - m ? ^ i t c n i i H m ?sm, H ffi^8/ i i^bfe i t c i t^lciHc??
m t i c i H H t i t n i f k u u n I t f c i H ? t i t i 5 - n f? 8 I f "ft fi I f i H f i - f i b 1 fsfi*îpi?'i H I irf?-t
i r f i - i m m i - m m i - n nimiHm tH? ?n ?mir i m I tHus I t f H i ? fi?r?t mfHi
i s n t i c i H ? fimtm? iH t i i r m m t i m n t i t m t - I I
n m m c i t ? t i f ? m f t m it i m I w f w ? i i m ^ (f. fffi f f i Itfi-
Dwin) f k n (fifii/iiij^) m t ? t c i H H m i t m w t T m t J t ? n im Hft
iHc u u n I i s n t f w H c n c i c f f i H i m n c n i I ?i'STt'Hfi tf^mi 8 H i f ' i - f i tfciHcn net
n s H i H H n w M u m s R t i c ? n t ?iwtti t?tHf i c ? ficiHmi tHfrn" itntH ^ ^ H t i (tfciH? f . ) i tm?
(f. f ? w ) I Hititc? s|ni l i n t H H Ht t m c?, H ? t a t ? i H e n H H I iHmtt cm3t ^ 'yldkz' ?tc tfcHi?' H
m? fsrtim mîFstcn t H i i m t i H c m i ?twrQH m ^ - tfmli?' HH ?t?t 1tH?fci; Hf V. Minorsky (Studies
f t ^ l w ? l f l .at i c i t f c i H c n m i i m f i t ^ in Caucasian History, 92, It ^) f f ^t ^ ^
ti-ii?iim f H f a it3!Ht i m I tfciH? tHci Hiici ICI i m nt i t r i f ? w f ? tim HiH? s t H i i m m
H H 2tHi i m , H f cim 1ft i n itiH mr H t n t HHc tH? I t '.aiHsi' H i H ?mH i m i fimi f t ^
t^-itfjim H H H H I Ifib-/ii I t c i ti-itwrnm? t n I t H i t t m H ? H f f ' H H H f i c i H H ? I H ? nt
?!ci . ^ f n ^t ? i H ^ t f m i I t H ? ? ^ i*i<t fiii/iiifi-H>b m?fim t ^ f tHici w a t i H m t iH?m I H ? i t i ^
H c i f H ? '^fm 'tc? t^jciH? i t i i ^ itgtcwm t?tf u s i s H ?
Hw-tHum iH f H ? i m i i ? ^ mi I *pt-<tit f H ?
aff Hl1?iCt tHHi n 1 tHt1 H H H C I âiHH .aiH
i m i t t ^-tfti H?ciT? n n ^ atff i w i i m ;
1t3?tH? Ht< H H ?5H m i I
t m f Htcim
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Contents
^00 r Rf ifiRfesft
tTOt (R*f (4^M=1 KtCH?I a t t w f t ^ ^ t M l l i^lt ?^tftR W t f ^ T O s f t R RtRSfR t ^ ^5TOTO Rt^ RtOt iil4W?
RtR^ ??% ?tW'53!e4 s f f w f t ^|R1??irt W T O ? R R I
t r ? t % F R îcvli'i Rt?rt f f ? Rcstc4 t r o ' s t t ? r R R
f H R t ' S R R ?[^5:mR ((t'\i-Vi^/ii'$t-\x'$ ^R1? gR1??irt ( R R t t 4r?? i vît R ? ? <5tr tTO '551? ^5tt?r4
^Bftf^RnR? M^ftsm l t i f f ? tTO f^TfTOti ^ H ^ H ftft Rt M ^TO! t % F t C 4 f t f t 2tTO ? R t <5tr t t r 4 (g.
TO^ R M t f ? 'srf^RtRffRR 4 4 TOf*(f WtRtRTOwnR? E. von Bergmann, Zur Muhammedanische
^?^Rc*l(.*ft, R^WtR ^ s r f ^ M ^ Rtt; feRtR, ^tRtRt?, Munzkunde, in ZDMG, xxiii, iVbh %, % ^(ti-b) i
t R ^ t r o 'î. ?11C4 tTO TOtTfi? TO? I TttTO tt 4 ^ ?T5t t r o m ?SR? t ? f f ? Rs? ^ ? r ? 5 t r t f r ? ? ^
^sn^^^rtR %^R1R l R f k ? ^ f t R ^ 11^4?liCt S t f ^ M ^1 M * ^ r f ? r ^ t r 4 tl? 2f#i t??t^ 2ttt w^?tft R ' R t ^5l?^t
tl^'S?!!? s p n ^ tTO ftt? ftf? ia|^4^(.t Jjq'B h(,<p few? t?TO 4R?if^W't ( g . Houtsma, Some remarks on
litRxol^^t^ RtMt? ^ TOJt^ ? k t R I iRt^'R-'ttR ^55f? the history of the Saljuks, % i 8 ^ - 8 ) i
?14-5PC?? R M R t R TOR C?, ^t^lc^ti? 9mi ^JOS tRtR5 tn|r?? t?! ^^'^t t R t ^ ( ( J - V ' t - S . i / i i S . i - f f )
'srt'ft? f t ^ ' O R t ? cf'ii/ii'^^ TttR ^ s r t w n ^ TTf%tt^3%f w t ? T O <5tr w t ^ t ? # tTO M^trsR tt ^ '
f?? afMtt ?sc?? TO? t r ? w t f ^ R i r ? ? w f ^ Yt1?Rr4 ? t ^ mi ? # R t R t ^tr R ^ ^ 2 t t ^ 2t1rtt? at^t ^t?
^^Rt? ? T O I tt^Rt'STO ^:^T3ftw? ^5fttr?%I ,t?t? t???t ^gRt? ^ t R R T O t ? ? ^ ^ t ? ? ? % f t r t ? "^t? t??%t ^ I
?r>s?t=#'s t ^ ti*pi?R?ti^ f ? m o K ? ^fTOtRRiitt^-t 14fi tt'S?t?T^ Rt^ (iSf^rt? R t T O l affifRt 4 M f"-^t t ? t ^
^5[tr^ c?, ? T f w t RtRRiMt, t ? ^ ' R w r i t e ? ? t?t?, ^ ' s ? - t M tl?r?j m ^3? ?r?5; t M ^^wt ?5r?? ?T5t ct?
'rt^'s?tf??Tttrt? >it<tc4ij flR imn 9mc^ 'srf^ro t # TTO M tt??tr?? TOT'S f?t?? ' E t M wtf??tM ( M
w o T ^ r a i t t W M T ?#5rffleTO i ? t ^ RT? <t?J 11^=1, tTOt (Rt=^) I (iSM <fS>o/iiS>8 R r ? R t R ^ RtRtRtr? i ? 1 ^
Rt^RToTO ^ [ ^ T O R ? t ? tTO R ^ t r t ? RR^Rs ^ t e ? I f?t?r?? t ? ^'^t % t ? w 4 t r o t T R ? t?? f S R ^ ?5r?? i
^4r? ( R t t C t R C?, "tTOt RS.'^t ^ 'src'T^ '5lt?r4H '^'gt ^?t^r5? 'srttr?%f ' T O m ' g ? ? f g ' R - f t ? 'srtf ?t4? t ^
^TOt??ie'lt 4tisf ?5R?tr^ ( R % I ? ^ >|RtR t 1 ? r ^ RtRRt?^ tt^RT'SRT? -^^tro (<fS>i-i!:)o<i-iii<f/iîo) t R T R f ? % R ?
mi ,t??^ 4TrR t f % 5 1 TOCTT? CTOTC?tte?5 tTOt c 4 5 f f R ^ t ? ? r ? i w t r ? 1TO TO^t?r4 R?"^ TO? mi cRtrr?
?r?lt?t (R? ( g . Luther, Rawandi's report on the 'sfEtf?^ t f ^ R j r t t t R ? 4!?r t t r 4 R i TOTf?r4 t r o t r R r T O
administrative change of Muhammad Jahan 4 ^ RtTOt3I, e f f M t t ^ R t ? t f ? ? T t RT? (R?ttfnT?
Pahlavan) i (firViiVi R r ? T t ^ ' S R t R ^ T T O t?Tf^4lR ^ I ' T O R t R ? t T O , 4 l ^ f t R TO? ^tRtRtr?? R TORS^
?5f??R ^ f h R ? 2 r # i c w r t s R w^^Rtra t T O R T O % qtt 1??^t 4f?r? t % P t ^ - R t t R ? I ^ <14^M^ ( R % tt R f ^
5 S i l W t ? ^ ' R - f R -^PtftR W t f ^ ' ^ T O ((i\r\-'\/ii\r'\-hi) t T O tf?Rtr?? 1:?!? Rt?tt1? ^ R f f t % R ? Mr^
witr?%r '8?tf??n? R I 4 r ? ? i ?T5t Rt^RrTO ^ t r o Revtfevs t t r 4 I ?5f? M i f t ? t ( ^ t t ? 4 ' ^ ' ^ ' R - M 4i?t
1TO '"5[Mt?f^ a|stjc<p 5 ! f ? 'JiJiS? Re?I t t (R? ; tTOt C R t ? < f ^ boijiiôd-b RT?^ ?r4?r4 R^spotW^ 4 R T O C5tt
^#tftR ' s n w T f e ? ? Rtf??5 ^ T O ? w ^ t ? ^ RtR4?iet ?nw 4r??; M "^14? ' T O ; ? l f ^ ' s f t ^ t s f f ^ 4 R T O R ^
4f?r5? I lilt ? I ? ^ WT^ ^ tRtf=l I C? R t R t t e ^ ^ mi t^trfR ?TEf?t^ ? t R ? # m (R?; ?f t r o M ?'5R?
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f t ^ ? t ? 5 TOfR M R ' s i ^ t ^ ^ t M r f t I f % f ? ft?! ^ t ? ! ^\/iîo-:i.(i) ^ M t R r 4 Rtr?t?r?T boo/^ô^-s Rtrro t?
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^ g W t R -^Rl^TR? TO5?t M R e t t ? f ^ 1 < I 14^5 ^^tftR Y $ T ? t ? ( R t ^ R ? t t?ftr? ^ t M ^?r?4 T ^ t r 4
'srtf'iRte?? Rr?tR M ^ t R l f TO R ^ t ^ f f ^ i 1f? R ^ ' j R t TO 4C?? I W # ? t ? t ^ 'S M t r ? '5tt^ R t R 4 t r t ?
^[Rie?? R M TOêt^ ^5(15?^ ?5c?? I tRriTf?ft ''TO^t^ R M t w R str5^ f ? ^ TO? t ? ? ^ ?Rr? ( R t ^ R f ^ t r 4
fn?nr? niR^^^^tM *t1%5 iît ^ ^ t ? ? 5 t r t ? Re?i (^#tfR tRTO R#3?t M s I vS?C<14C4 t T O RtRR4trTO
W t f ? T O 'TO-Rtf?'!:?? ^ f t ? ' ^ ? t ? ^ ^ t ^ "55? ? t f ^ % 4 R ?'SR?QtRC i s r l t ? 'R|5}T?R, t t > S ? T T O % t R RcijlC*,^! ^ ? R 5 mi
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tRRt^R'r4R
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Contents
?? I nC*m t f i W f ^ n ^StS l t d HSTTtm^ f Ileal m ^ ft imei f. v .

Minorsky, Studies in
f t ? W t l l f ' 1 - % T ti?,f?tsp His ^fc I "JjC^Vi^^fi m w t ^ Caucasian History, 150 ff., n t F. Sumer, lA,
?tw ^ nt 5<)c?<p 1mt?m^ ?i I tiwsft i?jn art. Pehlivan) n t muntiwten Hfte? tHen i f f
n t n .a1?ffn ? f ? m ^mmm i f i ? <p! #tfh armi fiemen I f f i ^ 1 fffi t i e i f i f f f ^ fit?f
mrfpm i t f i (the silent), f i f i nwi mmtff ftntfn .ait wfwim 'fm H i f i i n f m n t e n mgm (ait ne?
f i ? K mn mt mf H d mtff"i-ftn i m i m i itift mr I wfmien m m , f i f i i H i s m imim i i ?
i m t f f 8 f f t f w f i f f l l t ? t w ? i m m t?tf timf l a t n ?t?tfî 1 l e i f ? f i t e ^ affwm iri^tiH
immi t ? t f f i t f i ficn i .at i m m mimi, mîm, tfcififiei? f i m c?cn i m i i mte?i n t ffmsm m
mimtimm ^ tmen itw-mmifcn art ifi . m? m?Hfen i itf? tiimm? atestm i e i mi?ff
mftfmiici? fim mni f i i i t^jwfii t?m itfiim ^3 mwt f? wfw (giorgi)-n (iifi-b-vs ^.) if Hfi ?tH
ifQici? atf fkitiim wu fiut flcn i fH mrntcn ie, f i f mf mum (iivs-icîc^'^.) ftiHici wfmii
^ itntit Hititm nîfc^min wu im ftitc? mwiei? tim ifStm ?tm ^ I .at ne? mit^m fmHen f f i
imft i%tt im nt cititcit t?tci mm ?mt ?? i m fi ?tci rm aff^ t f c i f i f Hwfijcn ntmH iHm atmt
f i T f luitf mf ?ti? 'mHiicn atf jjtmm .a?t n^m- tieifif .ait m-sm m?lel? utite? ^êî if?ei i mf
itfmm aif^tm utite? itft ficn i .^f%?rfii môiim m? Hi? im Hi? fimim wu bô/iôa-'b mm laiwi wfm
ticifi? mw-nmm? cn ic?iwi i f i ? itemcgl ifimen, ?twfiifei fimn im i w 'at H i t biic l t d I tieifif 1 1
tmen leu f i e i i t e ? eiiemu ? t c i i mi1i'i-fi cim ??5ci wfmien cWttm mfie n i n lait ? 5 e i i t e i
mifimf, f f i ' i - f i mntnf, wtfi'i-fi itmrf, citncn mfife?? i?t c^5^w#?men'iH5ifimr i
f i w l f , H-'smf, f1?f?f .a?t f5*p f f f I tm H f t 'm-sf stllf^ 8 .^fiHfii elT? attlfii ti % ( i ) ?t>a?tf,
tHen i f t t H f " i - f i nimf nt ifîfsm f?imen m:tf"i-ffs; (^) w i f i ' i - f i f i f ^ , H i i f - i r m ; ()
ffciii H i ? ; ? tiitHf^ H s t s ^cil ifntcn i 'at ifiien mf Hfil, mmi-t i t i ^ ' - i t m ; (s) ^ a r t i mi-Hif, m i -
ICU i t f i mf^m mf H f c n Hw-nue? wltta^m-fen ^mrH'1-HmHH'i-Hi-^-Ht (e) titfi-fi, ftufc,
ffim a r t i m i e H i T i f f i mifiten i f t itm i f n r n ^mfm-fiH; (b) 1 1 1 1 ' 1 - f i mi-iimf, m n t i ' i -
wu f i w l f im wnffi H ^ - ? H f t c ? m T i f i n ? H Q i t H ' i i t i ^ m f ; (\) tft tfmifim, m'fit 'fmf?mi;
im^ icn I nie^ tm Hf?ft mm t i e i f i f e n imei ( V ) fi? t?fi-wtf, fi?'mfm-?rm; (s.) tf^m-mfm,
? f 5 Him'^-ii^^m 'fiH tfciHcn ^c^teu .ait "f^^ m i - i t f i i ; ( i o ) H i t f , fm fiti wmff'1-fi; ( i i )
f f i ' fim f - f f i i t u T m ? f i t i , H ^ m f?tm m m j ^ firsf, mf1 - t fm i wfwm *oiici1i?i i t 3 i i 3
#tfi mw'ilen CRFcm tiff (cfcir<?wen fiit ?te cmwH c i t l ( i ^ ) Brosset, Hlstoire de la Georgie;
i f ? H f i f t 4ti îm ftite? m icn) I tfltm? H i f t H<3 ( i \ 5 ) C I ' H , Collection d'historiens armeniens,
ii?'*ic<i? atn I t m mf î-'fc?? H c i îi im mt i (tntm? meif? .^fHfii H i - n i f i H f f i H i f n t t?m .at
mm I îiti?i mrt m m f i f i m m ? wu cifi atie^f fienme? ^ l e H l i i m f u ^ n s (is) M.T.
Minorsky, Caucasica II, v i v ^ ) i Houtsma, Some remarks on the history of the
\51 îi?m 8 .at I t e n .^f^Hfii m t i i ^ ie? f?^ i Saljuks, in AO, iii (ife^S % iôb-d^ ; (i<f) V.
a t n , mrêi? f^m I C I tidiHf1 1 <5? mem ii? Minorsky, Studies in Caucasian history, London
n iit^sf? ifim mci 1 1 1 ^ ^ itwfcn n mteif? 1993; (ib) ^ Cin, Caucasiac II, in BSOAS, xiii
t f ^ ? t H f a # ^ m m m i f i i if?c n m ?tmfl,i 1 ticifii (iJ(fi ^.), % WJV-<II; ( i i ) C. E . Bosworth, i u m - i ,
v3 mmm fmmen 1 t f ^ i t f u1%ii fnen iten on the history of Iran 1000-1217, Cambridge
mil f i ? 3 i ic?i I fmt i t i ^ mw-ifnte? mrc?f? ntm history of Iran, (2-1., IJtlHw ihbv '^.; ( i V ) K. A.
I f St mfim mi mfim cmi if?ei 1 fif f m n f i i Luther, The political transformation of the Seljuq
^^mfimfiii i f % i mem? iîm me? wu if? Sultanate of Iraq and western Iran 1152-1187,
m i mmi i f ^ icu fiwfilei its? âift mtniei cific fatfiti fifHutien fi. .at^. H. f i f i i (lamifi); ( i f e )
ittcn I .at t ^ f i ? t ^ atf^ f f mf?il, 'm??tf C I ' H , Ravandi's reporet on the administrative
ifm, it^mm^ tt? nt i f = 5 i a t t ^ miif mnii, h h c i ? change of Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan, in
f t time? mimfen mtflite?? f?ie? mrn-sm Minorsky m e m o r i c d volume; ( ^ o ) R. A. Huselnov,
f ? i i t e i ? f i ^ f B t i f i f ? e m ? f l i (mciRit m?i Institut Atabekov, in Palestinskii Sbomik, xv
t. H. (t/\b t n t f fifem
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Contents
(1966). {. >br>-feto; ( ; L i ) Minorsky, E. V, 1 ? ! ^ sf^ % r % r t 8 (cmfi Elvira) n^H f n nt mtm ft

f; (ii.il.) Faruk Surtier, lA., f. m i t ' S l l l n t f f t i mm m filSif 1t1^ aten i Ilberri/Ilblra/Granada
H W r t l ; (ii) Zambaur, Manuel, E. % ^vs>; (^s) tHfci 111 memfFo i .^n finen miteiî "ttei
Bosworth, The Islamic dynasties, 125-61 (?m\ mte fc? s cmn mien Illberri mesm ât n?H
.it I t e n i t H f T i T t f H i t H ^ i i m n m r f. (â-) 1^mtmitiHcieimtlfll I ii3cn'mni=Hii
citm tid cititci mi ifiei I f m t wiien ' m f i
(^1) J. Rypka, Iranische Literaturgeschichte, \oo Iti cn tifm I ei i W ^ s 1 m mm f m t m H mm
f ; (^v) Browne, ^f, S o i - ; ^ , 8 i ^ - i l I fimm ^c i^ ficitfism ^-if%ci itn icn n fi
C. E. Bosworth (E. I . V ^ ' ^ t f n mwmf Hftei i ^m I I I M , iimfm m nmffim iti
cim mt I ei n?H ^fbc?t ^ men Elvira meit
^^..,^>\I) ? (H), T K i f t I tf?ir-jmHw? m n n m tnr' I f l n It I C I I ^ nc? wmH i^sf itei i 'it men
(<ir)-n f K I'Ht l e n s H H i c n , i t H stHHH H n m itUtlH^ m?mf f l l I t f f 1 'at Elvira ncn 111
tiffii!? ( m ) - n Hist c i m i t?m mtHeu c f H i r m t n l e ? ? l l l t ? t Granata/Gharanata (11?mi) ?? i

i H c H m , " c i t m T m i i i l i ? t c < ? H m l H ? i m i c n . 8 o i / i o i o ICI m?m miprmitei fi Elvira nc? mf
itHit ^Hsi^ mr I cit WiH Hcwcn mmr-itnt itmt f ^ tft f f ? i i H ? i w i mftf m\m ttw?mf iHmfei?
n t f l i H s i f i isHit i e i mn? m?im n n n m t m mt 9i>m fH mi i sovs/ioic^ mm mf mfim emit
i n m H i mmi t m s n m m t tm t n t fm' m i c i mm iflm mmtei tm mwmf icn i tm n ^c Elvira-.a?
fH is^ m n m i" mim ' S I n ?ti '^ nc? v f e i / i S b - ' b n i w n^H fcf?
a r ^ i ^ i ( i ) t i l ?twm rni-imrmf, m i - t n m , m^f f l l 1 '^ fHt? sRtimen .a'ti^ cifie it'sm m i m?t
tin H., '5.1., sfefe; ( ^ ) t i f ' 1 - m f m , if'i-ftm, Itft fm??rniHmw sierra de Elvira nt mtm?
cnm i8>5sH., 8 1 . , i o i
Puerta de Elvira -at Iten lle?t itfsm mei i
. fmifm
Elbira m e n i i i m ie?' urni mwmf ftirm
^ ( s (m), mf f ? t m
itt^ mscn m ftitc? tffm imH tttim tii i m g.
t ^ ? H i "^^t^tn mt?ift i t i m W i i # m c n i tH f'm
Itmm (Gharanata) i
fc^ i f H n I I t i ttwfc cmfli i t w - m w 'sm^fti-.ai
stii#t sifimti .^H?ifiicfeitfiei? itfff^4tm^
9m:^ .at f^ i R b H i v o n I 'at fc^ m f f i t ^ ( i " ) - n i m
l t d irei; e? fien f. ( i ) itf, i 1, 8 b r , 8 i . , fei;
fit c n t i H m n (m)- t f t i ? i i i t t n t f f i - m t f i (m)
(^) Levi-Provencal, Hist. Esp. Mus., i, 343; ( )
4 t fc^ CI f i f 2 t i ^ m n mmc \% ?tm mîm? (m) Dozy, Recherches, 1, 328-331
t?tn i m f f t ? ( m t ^ m m H ) cimei fH m n i J. F. P. Hopkins (E.L^)/mwm c?ten
s r ^ i # s ' i ) t f t ^twm m - ' m w t m f , m - t n m , ^-t^rttft (5. mf t n t i mi-tiff) i
tin H., ^ 1 . , 8j>j>; (^) cms m m m i t c ^ # , t n t e n
( j j j t ) 8'm?f, i < f ' ^ ' , tH wt^ m ' i ^ ' - n
ttmi, ift i f e i ^ f , ( . br4)-i; () tft m f H , mi-tiitm
vsmi-timt, ^ 1 ? ^ - a t i m i f e i b - f , 8 i . , ^ 8 i i Hifmti nf I t n .aitici f ^ (f.)-'a? le;^ mfi nt
ftrnfm m fici m-a lenH iei? le^^^ imfi,-.cisfi? i m i
^r^' TSHTf-'^prt^ ( ^ . i , i I . L j ^ ) s (m), H H i f m i t ^ iram mte? cit itf? stifiê?? lem; ?it mfim,
i f i m f tlcn I mfmtti t?tn i i ? i f if%t I'Ht i f i m e n i fii^, ttim, '^, e? tii-.a? ie^ mtn mUm ifte^
fm feat ?!ffsik (m)-.a? m^ its; ? i f f ; i f % m e i i tmi imti im ?tm mei i f ? ^ itfei 'mfim fSpm nH
ftff tmi m m e n f g n m m i<it i f i m e n , tim' m r mfim -a 'smtfim 'at-'^ ?ieit ?T?^ ?tmei, nt
^^Tff (m) m m , m H mf^p? ( i ) - c iHe ^sfimHs "fH?
m ^ It mcmtnmiei^ ?jt^ ?tmei, i f "wmt, fif
H f S e n n t H m m mif itm i" titi mfii, mi-ift
m^fiei -a mf9tm?iei c? mmm mme rmi cn
n t t f t m f 'mHf fiw fiw m feat ? ? 4 e i ?ifilti
"fitm m im to leam" i^t i t l?tlt?lei (iff. fim
cbtm Htm m im, mm m'mmm iiH iit m?? mt
euiiHmeni
s r ^ i f t s ( i ) t n ?twm rni-'mimrrf, m - t i i m ?n if??imm i t m tf^f ci^sm mt; 'tn ?teei t m
f i n ivo^v H., ^^f, sfefe; (^) t ? i ' m i H i - m n , m - t f f m m n ! 'mtm if>s 'wtm'; fif .at if mfimci m tii
( t m m ttt^),'oi, i i - 8 1 Hi mifii ' S t i m i ^ (ftm) H ^C, ?it iiHi m 'mnti-.
^^tmi f m .a? ficn 1 < (f. T. Fahd, Divination, Hi^; m-WtH'W,
t i m f tiêm
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Contents
t n
mft', 1 m & ) I 2 f t t f n fSmtHftcn STC'U I t l l l t H'Hit ?te iHa IC? c m ^stens i t i mm mm (f .)-n
\3 t f i H ^tHi m i l n f c i w i (mtt (ym, atsriH mt iei^\3 îifj m i m .itfe? ci, m 4f if H'l? im
C5mt I t iH^^m ituci if# ^prt, mt mt w t i i f ^ 1 e? H (mrm) mm, fmm iflm itfti f i m
iw!m f m ntt w m mit m % c m stfen i^Ttt c i H i affîcit i f i i f?ttm Itei mn l e n t t H f i m
? t 5 1 m Him H H mt cit ^ t i c i f^to m m m s ? ^ ' if?ii I Itfn ^ i i fiem (tfi itt^) nH mm i f ?
i f i i t i<Hf im m I m i i m , i t f i i t mt t m itmi file? wtf ?jf%5ci (f. 4ni - H H ) f?tit I m f I t c i t H
m t f i m f m m t t w wtfim ^ n t cit i c i f ? i mm fim m iH m f ^ f m -ste m e i , im .^t i <
f l m CI cm ^ I I f .at i f f i r s f i i ^ 4 f H i i c - v ; ? ^ ^ ; f i t m W H m i I H t H H (fien i f ? H s r f i ) m ^
n i H i tci?t I t i t îtn'f ICI i < f i mitm iflci's ?t51 m t f i m CI Hmite? m ^ a t i e i f m ?te
.at nuffti cm ntm ?tci i t i flf^ c m Hw f i w ltd tH mê i c n len fin i
i^litft ât^femmiflitcii 'aittfcitf^fii?tcic<^ .at im i j CI, 'iitf'i-tfi' imft? mem c n f ^
fif^fM3 Ittn? ? t i t f i i t c i I f-ff^ I t mtmiwi cms
m i f i i f t t "iffn mfntaeit ^îci, mm ^ iwcn
t f i i t H i t ' 1 1 ^tf^ iirm CI n t i c i fiim ifHm w u f f i 1 1 Itf fim atemwi ^ i f i f m f f ^ ( i )
t i t ^ f l l sm^ ijtftc mrnit im ?tmn; m f i i i i t i J mfei fifiiild c? t n m ^ ifimen f i e i f i
iitf^ fflcifi ?te^ CI mif C I f i m m itHii f i i fimen ciitei ffi ^ .at i f i ^lieit f?rttc HftHen
ams. I mtm .aitci*iiHici, tîmHmtfmtftf^- fim mme le^ ?ftmei i itewt ci m ? i f e i .at i ^
m nHi m m m srcmwit fi^tc ?t i f m t t^m ?ftmei cmei ' ^ ' i < t # t e ?tc?, cm tnten 4 l i
.aHc%f5fiicii f&3t niH m ^ ^ t c n m i f ? is^^ ifimen i Hstfsfi? f i % I t e i t?ld f^tmif' if i?it n i f H
% i ?tcci m istm tsi m i t i i cmti); tm f#t^ ? T f ^-flwR 4 i e i " 5 ^ icn mHiiii, i s n fif^
*tcci f n ( f i t f i Hi-îm) i^R I t H tm, if%5 fwrHi c m n i iatfid i c n mHm i ^ r ^ im ??
tTtfi? m m Iis(V5$i mitwtfi i c i ? mitif:?? ( m r f i m t ) (t?m-'fi) I n M i i iê ifim m ^ n ? i ^
m T i csf (f. mt-^f, itntfii, S?ic m - ^ ? w t f ?s^ .atsH"?CTf i i s i tH fienme? atHrniemii i L . Gardet
fif<t im, f T t i i?^b H., f . 5.1? 1.; m-fmt?f. Diet, S M. M. Anawati fHen Introduction a la theologic
of techn. terms, 1055-66) i t i l ?? fB?m (itfi) Musulmane 4 C 1 ( i T t f i i ifesv f . i o i - ^ 8 ) cit^sfl?
I i m t^ n? m I f c i ? lc? ^ t i ^ n (mf^, f^'itÔ; t?tfi^f?tHmfic?en i ciiiei^sftemiifffe mmen
t?t Hf ?? .at?fci CI, t f i H m t ^ i c m ism, m f t im fieim iHm tmm iri-itmf, tiîtf'm-mi',
c m n t e iim, m .^st ^ *mci? i c m cm itiu mt i miit's?if??f, tifm-mfi, iti-iimf t ^ itifcn
f t i t f % ^ 'til itHit-.a? i c m i f f i i H - ^ ifimen, iHiff csffiimii^ c-fiititcn nt c i t icsf tft f m
fmt 411 H H m cffiifiiwfi fifci ^?rttm iten io^, tfm ^) f ? f H n t e i ? mfim ^ i itnten i
n t i t f i i f m nw m ?fei (itf) [f. m-^[?wtf, .at mfim a f e i m r i ? H e n ie^ c m i i H mte i t e ? tft
t'ffitl fienfe? cm fifci f?fttm men ( f . m - f mim (f. G. Lecomte, Ibn Qutayba, Damascus
timtf, mitf? fm, 1. S'o) I 1965, 443-9), m f ^ I H R 1t-m^sff ( f . M. B e r g e ,
11^ f i m ffteiti ?te 'tfi o 'mrfi ( i t ^ m in BEG, xviii, 1963-4, 241-99), tft ?t^(mtff1-
m?l)-.a? mei? icm m-e .aiH itt?ft?fei i ? f .aiH ' ^ , - i m t . . a i . m-miff), fifm^m?? (fitf"f-ifmt,
?ftmei t f i mwif, c m c m ? f f i m m wm nt c m mnmt ife^b- f, f. 8b--<ho) .a?t m mâ im (mn^tei?
?jf%^ u)t ^ mfici fH citltei f?<r ?te^ i t c ? i \ m H I 1
.aiH ?ftmei 'tfi 'mrtf, c m i f ? miiîf? fimm ut m tiim iffm ?sf?ci fimm? i e ^ i ^ im m?
(tmm), ?f? mfif itn im ?tei eit tH iHf4 ? t i C I , 'im?-tmf fisn fieif fi^ten cii3t fmfiife?
(f. m-mHi, fimm, f. ôsb-) i m - n m f tm m ^ f ? 1^ 3if ci'sm ? t ? t c i , mHi i t fiitt?ici t
4 e i (it?em i o ^ b H., i f e ) m ?TtiTt fimen 1H i i t t igm'tte? cicm^ Hn m im it iHmei i m-nrnf
fg ?icn mm ? f ? ^ iftHci nt cit ' ^ t c n Hm (?) [f. (to(t/)>)>'i^] ucit c T O t nsH fim'sîi ffim i m
I f i t f f I t w IC? H CI i ? - i f1 m mm 'at ^ iftmei iflmHcn ?fim m m mt i fH 2titi% ( H ? ^ ) f H # ?
nt i5mff I t w IC? m? fff f f Q i I (mfm) f i ^ t m f c ? ? l e m Hfm fM^ ifimen i ciem^
m^B H m i ijfc-*t1 ?tc ct#tei tfiei i H ifnei c 3 f ? l e m l a t c m i s f f ? Rc?f5 mt cit?il m H i t e i i ^ f ^
sfcHi im n i i fH H H m Hif i f c n i c m im ?tmei: i H m t w f ? ie?, fHitc fmm? W H ^fi?
t n t f Hicim
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mt itHms met? i n '*l4? Rmft, (f. t ^ H , at!eifti I t f i i e i icitm atm iHm; e? ^^? m^RS?
it., i m i-8) I .at Hmm m .inH m m fit ?tmi (emit) fm?Hi1el? t^tfcn ifHfiifc?? ^smtwiel?
'aitt m%:m tmf^ irrirm m t (mif mmrf^ (fie^f.) icitm fmt ficim, cnfiei? imfsH ?iffim
'lnmf% H w i|WH*im m Cl^m'; g. I. Goldziher, tmen fiemi aim im ?t itifi-tnten ift
Muh. St., 11, 157) I imi'*f3pci I
m? mmt w iiwiH mm H i itms fiHmi fsnfH n f 'mii't?iei? fcs flcn ? cititii, fmen lem
.^H^w t?iiHnmm ?te Hw mHe IK? mt, cit ic#5 Itflll itgiewj? 1 5 1 5 i?cn Hm?i fif^ ^ci 1
H^tcn mf fmt tiosfw? m m ?tfmt fimen i fiH^ fmri c?i ^ ^ f f i ifioomieb I n i f I t c i fHcnci
mm Ri(? Hmj wtm mte? tntif^ 2i?*ifc<s #tm^ lenH cgfe fi^ ifim cmf mf 1 nem leif^ nmft
(mi-wt?? ^sm'i-fitmm; 'tif'i-Hm), ?nHiH f??? ficn ? ^ mwmf? fimi (tmfi n f H m .aeif^),
( H ? i i ) , cwjtt^fwt (mif?m?; mmi; 'tif'i-m'm), fif^ I t m "^ff ^titi if?m nt mwmf i?en gmtH
f&H,im (H??); ^f%iHmt (mmm); ?m?i m mie?f i??m ^ ^ fiiaei? mfif fim f m i f ?fH itiitf?
(ffim'), mf^tfimt (mm^m) tmtH i m? fiHi ffim im mf I mm Hf ffi m?f îtm? fimni (fie^ f.)
^-fiwt? ^ mmt wfti 'Q mm mi mi im mte m %? m'wii-4? f^mems Hmei? I t f i f Itn if?ei I
3 (i) G. Sarton, Introduction to the Histoiy of in#ft? H ^ ^s?8fie5 Hen ^ ifef l i f (?T?tmn)
Science, Baltimore 1927-31, 2 vols.; (\) A. MieU, wt i f m n f i i I i f m n f nftei iivse/it^^
La science arabe, Leiden 1938; ( ) P. Kraus, ltd im?itfi% m f m ^|t im mf (f. c#iH-mci
Gabir ibn Hayyan, Contribution a I'histoire des 'mHi, mfi, tmii iîb-î H., % i^ i . ) i
idees scientlflques en Islam, Cairo 1942-3 vols.; cit ^tf^ H?t fnt (% i m i iei? 1? ?tc) mfiH"'
(8) L. Massignon and R. Amaldez, La science atm i?cn (fiifi-t itim'm) n f iei? iti s ^ ite?i
arabe, vol. ii of the Hlstoire generale des science, mwmf .af?ei ^ f?m nt ftitife?ft cigii,
Paris 1957, 2nd. ed., 1966; ((?) m?mmi-?im <t>tyc?i "a mfifi I fii ?ien W I J fiHfiei"a (Plovdiv)
Donald R. Hill, Islamic Technology, London, i m n??iei (fnti-t itim) fic?nt im cntnt? iffei^s
Cambridge Univ. Press, 1986. 'aitntmatmimmf 1
4tf#t ? ?m H?^ ie ^fifi ?ftmei I i ? ? f fi^ lite? fif^ ntm fien .at n i iten
mmmaf (E. V) imfr m I f f 11 tm^cn n ? f 1131 (Ititm, islma ?ms .a^
'^"ifiit*!! (^j^) s %ntf mgtewiw?-sp#ti?f? îfm), cw?mien, iteiem, tif?, iteitfim, 'Qe?fieift?
I t i f C^mm' f.), fict? ifim w ? mmm^ f^^timHiei (5. (Larissa) nt mH mf f?f^ ne? 5i?em, citfim
af?^ m^fmm) fim f i m e i ? mtfiiei .at ititft wti ^ i .aifnt? fimiien mifm fnt mie?w citmmf,
ifim f i e m t im ^ 1 fmei? c? ffiw C2tf t?f tntesi? it?i ^ itfmm ^m mft? ^tm ie?t
fm?f?i1lei atiei .at lei fif^ im ?t 1 ifiite? ?He
tf?fei m? cmm fnt m i ioi/ i M ii ?tc
ciei, .at 113 ^flf% fimiiit ^ citwt (m cit^ m
tm fnf mm atm f i c n tî^w? f i f ?t?tei im ?t
cnm, m t " I t i f mm (f.) nwt) itH ?i?m iHc
m?t'^-tiifi ( f . ) I
ltf?en I fif ?t"c? lHen f i i f e s ? iei fifa^ Hmilcms
nfiei? ititt fnt 'îff "mfiilei? lem ie?fif; lat îfH m m ifm: cmrf fmt lfifi o#He?T
fff? 1? imf ?jtf^ .'iitf itgrwj fim? itemêi? mf:?? atm ficn 1 tmt flcn ('^t. ib-i i i ?tc).
I C I , iiH iei? f n f ^ "a?^ i i - c ? f ?tm it?el io-i<oH 'Q?^f< i?cn fimic?ie4}, cmnf-itm
ne? nc? %m i#ft? i H i n iHmei 1 imt ci lenH (itmewem), mim, 'itnii, m'iti, fim mi? tTtH 1
cjffe fi^ fleii ^3Fei ciqH fiif mr 1 ie? iî/ ib-i cmm îtHmf lef^ cgfiien lem ifimti n?
iei tm cifsifH âiH fifit 11 m i c ? ratm atm n iTtf^titt 1 ^ % itfici fmten ^ m i i (f'iffii m
f n i t f i t m ^ (f.) m fiii î-gîm ( f b-b^/ i8b-i)-.a? I'Qitwt), tm ^ t ^ mf^f tm, aftiten afm f^Htn
mwcf? ci?fmi cit nftei i n ^ tei fi^ ifim cffsm (c?fi-?tf [f.] m m'tf'i-itf?m') cwjtf? (fciwHi
mr, ims ?)Cif? I f f 'mi?i? (iif?-t m) ^ ii-îcâifiî? I f f [f.] I iii/iti iei? cnmi ?te i ifim iin
nf-) Ifnt? (iti?-t mmemf) i ^?t ficn ntfim? mîfei mfi ift, ?lff?)l< (i-)-.a? ?timei? ci m'l?
?ei mit? f Nsmen (5. atn? f ^sm-t nf^) nm, m? (itf^'i-itim 5.) fHei^ ntm cmm n nti im
mt'1-tntti îfiti imf 1% m i w ficn m 1 fmt ^ 1
timf fiêiti
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ô<t
lilt TOR 2 t T O CRflt M S ? îRlRt) R i M 4RrR l i R i (RTO's w r ? 4 ? 5 s t titr?,

M T ? M??5 (^TftMtt) ttMs?; 'QTOT?' f ? ? ? T % ?ITM ^ O - I ^ O wt?sr5 I I I T / I ' ^ T T r ? S tAfrfR R^tit LII?^
TftUr^ M * t i M s ? M s R t^JtfCR ( ? R T ^ RUt"^- TOtr^^tr? M , RSF a R S f ttr^ i I I T / I B - T R^tJt
ti=il?-iii?, ^ % ? '5jt'isrt?-'ii? 's 2tTO TOft cTOft^-iii? i5t?*itc?) 8<tb-m
ir?R rRtrt L I T T ^ T ^ r f t t r t ? M Rt,
\s?i^?! M j t % ît1?^ TOi? ?5M?, l i w w ? RtMs? ii%t?Po tTOt M RTR M a 5 M R ^ ^ R R ^ , wi?trtMt ^ 9m
lil?? iil4TO l?Rlr I TOJ|?J M t ? M??5 M l ? ' T O M 4t(f1tR, ?jr?j tf R^ wiTO ?5r??5 c 3 % R(s; M i lii^ ^tr
f%f? ^^î?tt3ttr=t? ^4fr?fTO RTSf 51^ *tftw ^51? ?5f?r5? I <3<^ W t ? ^ W g ( 2 3 ^ tCWlj(R> Rt RS? M , "RSF RtTOt
?s|M, M ^ ? ^ [ R s i ? (\s ? 5 T f t ''5rmt?t=t) ? t ? i^ftMtr? w t ? ( R 5 H c!rttM ( 2 t % 4 M M ^ t r ? ?ltr ttRr? Rt i
isj? ? T , t? t^^mm Rirsf ? M S ? TOI CROMT (ff? R r r o (wtTOTt?5-t ^RT) R r # B ( 2 t % ( M s ) ^ [ t r o
?slf?-^, M 5i=ilW? c ? T ? ^ ?i? TORM R ^ ?TTO Rtt^ 4 M c w r i R R ? T ^?fTO w t t R r % t ^ n r R l^frti? ^ t f t
(? RC^ ? l t ! 7 5 ? I wtR^Rtrt? ^ t r f f t i ? R : t ^ ^^Rr? i
*rtf W5?ift M ? tMR?T?nf?tr<i? R T : ? J R?!?^ t w attR M 'S^m^ RTO?5tt ? ^ ? e R ? ? R 5tfflr ? ^
M t R Rt't?1=t (5.) 1 1TOT ^ M i t f ^ t r t ? 2|Mlf? M t r ? TTMS? I t r ? R 5 ? R W t ? ] ? ^ ?W ? # T O iSRT l i R ? 'STO^TO
c^ft^ TORt? M r e f R ( T O Rt't%) IkTsRi ^ M ? , M ? M srtîhDi^ ^ T j f t sfRtr?? TOJ 5 t f f t ? (TOtii ?5Rtt?t
w r 3 T % osfTO ^>ai>^>* ^ i T W R t ? iTtfk^ itMs? ( ? N M Rtt%) C^n^trt? ? s r ^ % t 5 f iil?5 ?s,TO l i l ? ^ R T T O t ? t ? ? 5 l R attr? ^ 8
wstRt tTO ^ t f ^ M S M ^ ( \ s ? t ^ ) M K ? ^ ^^M?, TOt, t r ? wtr Wtr^ ?5Rtt?T R t R , I B - R t R mi I ^ TOt 4?t
(Rwcg ( R t M t ? wit? 'iiRt?5t? ( R 1??tM wt? f?t w R t t M " ^ I ii(r4?tr?? ptffl? (TOtw ( T O ^^?T c t r R ( T O R ^?trR) t ?
(g.) M r ? i^tr4 (RM3?t ^ I Rt't? 2tt? ^tcTO I T % tTOt ^? R t M ^"ttr? TOT % s t i r R w r t w t t R t M s ? , a f f
'WtMtt, t T O t R W t R l t R t ^Rc^'t I ?ntft 'WtRTO-iil? <[?TO 1?rw?t ^ R t r ? t t ? t 'T?irtR 4 t ^ ' w T ? ? ^ - i i R R r ^ R t ^ F t
w^cTO?3Rr5f M??5ttt lilt Rt't?ttw M ^ I ? 5 R r ? I bi<uil<MR ( T O ^ t r ^ ?t TOTO 5 t ^ t ?sRrR t ? w r ? 4
(Rtw?i T T O T MTOT? wtr?? l i M f w?t wt?i m^ 1 ? ^ T M (Rtfit RTpRlr M R 5 t ? 5 R r ? I
t M t w < Rt>t^4C4 M S ? 1 'vSfeiH!^ T M t r ? ? ^rt R t t ? ^ t r ? ? ?sr?? M ? t f t r t ? atT? >i4=ic4t R T ^ I ? T R R
t R ? ^ Rt?t^ w < 2tTO?5tfte4 atro 4?t ?iMtr?5 i g T O M t r t ? R?T ^^tr M r t t ? R t ^^t^, ( R t w*iTtt4ttr4
( R t t R f M TO^ ?5T?rt M ? ^ t l R ? t? w ? i r ? ? s g M M'^^5rt^'wttTOtrt?wt? 2tTO t t t t t M ?t?rtM I s t t t M
? t r R - ^ i i r ^ R t r t ? t r t f t ^ M M ? M % t tr^r M t t r t ?
s t t t M i r t fetPf? ( R t ^ t t ^ t r ? t r ? t ^ t l t r ? Rt, TOT C4H ? S ? t ? s f ? M ? M R f I^ t ? ? # 4trR ? ? c?tittrt?
M f r < T 3 c 3 % R r ? ] t # ? t M R T ((?f^Rr?j) R t M ' t t ^ trtf Mttrt? TOT M R - t " ^ T O R ^ W<te, t^tfiR?
RtÛ Atr^M 1 1 % ^ ^ C 3 % ? (RtWttt ( R t ^ t M t R Rf, ' i t T O t 5itT|?tRtR^ W!tTtt?sttRst Rr?t%5 4?t ( R t R l ^ ' S t t R t s f R
2tRTMtr? t c w i ^ f i R t ?sRr? i Rfir?w tr?" TOît?? M ?tr?tt& (2t% R ^ 1 w * t T TOl^ R r ? R ^ ( 2 t % , "^tt

?#?t t r ? t ^ R t ?5M f!? s t T O TO w t R t 'ft^ TOr?? gRrg-t 5 i c t ? ^ l R R t j , t \ s ? T M - t ( t t M ? - t ) ^5rR?RTf?f?T,
?NFT lil?? W 8 t ? R ^ ?t R ^ " t f t r ? R M ? t f , W 8 t ? - R T T O R I M T \S R 4 r R ? ^ t r ? R l ? 5 ' R - ^ T % i
t^^tfCR? M ? t f , tTO t r ? wtRtrfMt? wt?t ? > r ? M |t ?R? C ? r ^ RtS WfSW? ( t ? ? # 4 t r R iilt1?W?) t t R
41^ 1 ^ R?rt? M iiir?5?tr? Rr?ti^ t ? R i ? t ' ^ - t R R t R t ? ? M l i t (23% M ? 4 tRRt ? 5 R r ? (Rt>sf?T ^tr??-^TORR
^?^4RrR I trtf R t '?itR4tr?t ^^tM M i " t T O ?t?T M RtRaTTO
M r t ? t R 3 R R ^ ^ ? t R s f R 'fRRrsSR^^tr? I l ? t
M ^ i b i Rtr?, R l A R - t Rt w f e R ?TTOnr CfptM'
w i R?t]4 i s t r o ?5t?ct w t M wT?5t^ ? T M "bTrt? ? ^ ? ^ M R Rt'f?TRtr) 1 l i l t w t ^ ^ p f f ? M t r ^ R TOT W R ^
t ? ? ^ ? t r R RTOPst Rs^ R?,TO5 t ? 2tr?tw%t Ciitt WT^tT t1r?t^ M Rrs? '5fRr=i-t R K R Rfr? M " wf5?fitrR,
m I t? ^ r l i i t ^ t ttf ^tRt TO ( R , ( R 5 t ? ( R t ^ ? t Rtr??5 (Rt'Sf?Tt ^SL^JrWRJ ?Rt ^ ' W t ^ ' (?Tt??) I t U i t ^ M TOT
CRtitr?s ^^? t ? M S ? t w wtrt (Rt t r t R M ? 4 W r t W t r ^ R Rtf? M T T T O TOT ^ RtH?tRR t i i R ^
5 t T O R T O T O ? 5 1 ? % ( t i r ? ) stTO 4 R r i # S I j. I I T Tr4 ^ 4 5 1 ^ i i R ? t M r ? T ^ M M r ^ ( R ? i t RTptRtr'swr?4r4
w r ? ? s R ? ? # ? t M ^ '^RlRt'r<i5 Rtr?Rt3t R T O T O 4 1 ^ ( t l r ? - t RfsiRtig M f t t s f T O ?RT 1
^[rsRr?riT) atro ? R t "Rsf V S I A I W W ?5t? Rror^? t^StipR? f t r ? M R T 5 i ? t R t R ^ , ( R t R r ^ ^ lifMR?
? t M tiR? 4 R r ^ Rt 1 t?t? TOtw ?t ^ Rfî?lRR M tr?? ^ p f ? M t t t ? ? ^
lil^ ? ^ ( R r a l ( R l ^ t T R ? ^!?7:'o ^^"^'^ W t T O t i % R R ?trR ( R ^ R r ? T tr?? TOT R?tr3 ^Rr ttRr? w t t t
RTTOt ?Rfttt, t T O t c : ^ T R O M ? r ? R (^RT1-t R t T O t 4 T f t ^ 5 t r ttRr? 1 s t r ? t R ^ w r ? 4 ?[?t?RR iii45
t t R t f t fe^r^R
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^ f i f ? it1?f^ Tfn i1?wi I (mt m irsi ((?ftwf, cami im ? t t Hei i ? 5 R ' f f ftntiei f?e^ ? F ?
HHtwf) tîfcn ^^5? -smm? sftntf ( f f cwr) ^^tc afH^tieHe Itm? mmm? mr âi H H I ' tHufmrni I H
mi H F f t t r o ?j< ^tc^-i l?lcH?w H'tf ?f f i f Hf^ ? ? I H^Hi ifeis f f'mfii H e i - t f^3?t?ei im ??
im I tmfci? 's iffiewr? wfir n m stm 4*rR m r n i t "i-f 11 mt c i t n t I t i c ? t^tfci iH'1-Hmei
f
sjfflfm 'amtw 1 afmm %n n Hm c j f ? 'mf i 4HH iHm m?tHifc?? mr ttf^ fm?Hi ^ im

f ? ) M c < f .aiH H H T *if?f fm mtt^ im ?t?tHi i F M M ?tc H e i I .at m f i HrmatH^tei <^H?jf HntH?
Him mmf^ nmtf % n mt cmfi?n? tmt r i e ^ m*(^ H??i^, ?H ntw t ? ^ HfHl H ^ f n ^
'^mtf f f f e w T ? M N R N I stmfi stHitm H I ? Hn^f? ?mf n I
tf^rnmâ i o i / i M H5C1? cHm? Hti spcit cmt mte ' ^ H f 'tiHe?m m*[Hfi?en iei cim i f f f m
H e i I ?5Sf=tfH, ffH, mrtHt t I L H sFcit (i?H iHm ^ CIH cnift I f n stHH f f mtm iff, ife^s mHei
H f l 'ifHiHtei i t ^ iHsft cim, it5 F M T Hen ? T W ? i f Hitm Hf^ I H H cn, rnsn 'mHiiHi HHm I H H
' ateifi^ H H ? sTHmf? HHcf Hf^ i i i f ( f . 2i?^ Hm ?ci m i t *ffi mHsfen srstifs^ im ?te H C I I
a
' H H ' ) I ? f ? atH^tmmjcn mtH? H I ^ H?^ M M M F E ^ sl1*rf s ( i ) M. D'ohsson, Tableau general de
Hfin ?Tt? ? t e H e i I fH^m ^? f ? t m f f t ? H e n I'Empire Ottoman, Paris 1787-1791, iv, 482-616;
mtHfe? ' i H f M M F F F ^ m f H f i ? [ H ^ H ? Hift (2) WfH, mf < tmfl i o i 9 H., i i , iois-is; ( )
H^mHi ^ M I C I c ^ T F F H c<TH He H e i i M M M I F C ? fiiif Hmt^t'i-'^'m, 81, tîfi i ^ i H., If.;
Hmtt^ 'Smt' cj5%f c % 5 t H ? f i 5 ^ '^H%Hftesir?mtHi (8) tlHcHIIlHClH, tm?d i w 8 H., f ob--'5o, bS^-a^;
^3 .3i<tHi f m m ? H ? Hit stHHiHt? F H i^He H e i , (fi) Pakalin, f. Hem.; (b) Gibb-Bowen, i/2, chapters
n ? H i ^ f / i b - f H n 1 % , ? H t 'triHe?!? # H ? m? >ê?He? 9-12; (s) Niyazi Berkes, The development of
nHa N T E ? H H H H?tHi n ' H H f cgf c m m secularism in Turkey, Montreal 1964, HH&; (b-)
w?Hm?en ?eit jimmm Hen i H ? if?i m s^ % t n f ^ M I T ^fiit?Hi, '^HfiH ci?MHi tiHem
c?, f e ^ Hei? 'itHrsiHn ?m? m*l? % , m fHen C I H H H , mmm ife-IIFI (fe) Bernard Lewis, The
H:^Wftm?e'=t?ntiHmiH?f i âtneiiHiHtfHcmn Emergence of Modern Turkey^, London 1968,
.aiH ?ifet%i cafe H?=f n ntfHen cmsf iHmHcn HH&, f. Islam, Seriat, Ulema; (io) R. Mantran,
iHsft emit Hnte?? n n n i f H H wtHH?fHn nm Istanbul dans La seconde moitie du XVIlf, Paris
nemHtiiR?t Hcwcn femt-ff??tsH ?m iH?f ^HeHcn i 1962, 130-43; ( i i ) Urief Heyd, The Ottoman
H F i ^ t / i b - t H o c i ? i ? Hei c? it?iHim mnn i ulema and westernization in the time of Selim
?? ^ H ? I C I '3^'viif 'itHifcn stt? f jf I ib-^î) III and Mahinud II, in Scripta HierosoljTnitana,
TgfitiHf ^swunei W f im n.tfHemn cn ix, 1961, 63-96; (i^) m-t I f f It, Hci C i t m
H ? c? m H i w H H iHm mft? H??iHe str? Hm? mtft inf stHtten ^ i mei citsH imH n ^
iH?tHfn, tH ^te ? H 3 mt nt n fI'H ^? m?'f7 .>3 stîf I [.at 4niH? imf< Hff nemi m t n c?t
( i b - o b - - < f ) .X1"S?5H ( H ^ 3 1 t f) famn S I H H 1C?1 ( i b v o S (f. i CI, ife'i)b-)-n miwien I C H miH-m i imtn
f ) I ^ M iei c? -smii W H ^ . I I i f i n% fnen mnm f m c i t mmf< n f t fik iHm f ^ i f itemwi iHit
2t?R sm % cit H?ai m- H e i H i ^fH tf#Hf cn I c i t w H imtm^f i ? T t i i f m - n Hie5 Hente?
mtei HwiHmt'mffim^ T H H ^ H ? I C I msn H?'^, fs] I
'mtiHjc?? itn]Hm fm HHmHi m ijHsHo mten U. Heyd and E. Kuran (E. L ^ ^ ^ "ti
HIH F H ?tm H I M^ttt? ?fncii5 ^ 1 1 5 ? 2fHf?' t r o - ^ ^ ^srm^f-:^ ( o ^ ^j.^
I C I Hti^m cm^ mrnmifc?? mHf cit i i i fcn ief j>-;jji) s t f t mjH'i-fi mf-Hpf^, m i - M H F , mt-
mntm? i owmf, mi-mi, M - M F 11fei/ifiiH S C I ? fiHi iiHi
tiHc?T? Itm? H?en sfestr i b - t fei? t l i Hi Qwifs msei? 'mif mm itHm, H ^ ' ^ ,
^ C 'Q1 ?? I ^^P'm ? C l f l ( i < H b - f e - i b - o < l ^.) i S f e o tf5['i-Hmm (fim iiiHHt)-n n m tHf "mHi i
f?ien Hci C? m n ^ mf ic?i cisH? i d mti-fsaim t m # ? f ne^ H N H ^ wtm m m i e? mi-ffff
H ? H H ? cmi Hi|5t f n tHifw mt i mâ cmf mn? HfH ?tc tm f i t CI, im ^ f ? P i fiHm cmen e i H ^
?mir mt im ib-^s tmfci f'mfiiHci-t F^^nm #im m? wtHm (^ ; L I i)-<im mmf Hen I epH, cmen
citm ?te i r fnci i f S F etHi^t Hm m'^ 'mrninfs, 'jftiscn wtHH ne? fiHi i t n mici ? t f i , m^ff?,
Hfcm
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't=Tf'^-Hwl5T
m i 'tff'i-fi fwues wiml icn nt latiteit

i m , mieu t i f " i - l i m t T a i tftsratci fRfb i t i - i t f i i itfi-itti n I f l f i t 'sw?fte5? titfi i i t i l i i
iti-itf?f (f. (thohihs) f i m s f c i îwfiT I i f 'itfiien tii& tif^ t m f tnci 9m it icn. i itfi
tf5i-fi i t f ^ m t u t i n u f o fetmftw imPfei? .^f?j mtl Hfi f5if?it fm f ^ fim fiis It icn i
w u -uitwn^ t i c n I t m ftf% it^ f m itii ittiti .^H?titei ffi mif I t n t e n i f i f flcn i mm fis
f l l f i i t t?n^t 1 'wf^sf ^ mfii f?f^ ftitei tm Hfl UtH fll 1 f^tm
' m f mt itftT, fii? fimrritf3 ^ m tifiien n HH im iitffi35 mt miiei fHii
i f i m n tf5i-fi fiim f 4 f n ; "iiffi m i mi'^-fi fit i^nf tiei. IfHit f^tmtei mifieiti icn \ fH
fmti m-ifra% m-fitff? f i itmi tfw ittine? -smtes? atmo 'itfii, i t n fiHf"i-mfi fc^ iirm
^msi ititim cffic w t n I m s n ffi mt cn ^ i m i mî-^ f^tm.tn itîm m-mfif m-mrff-
i f i i t mici I t m i c i t 1 ^ H H c u m tif^ i i s i i f i s n m Itmi (Itfim) i i ^ f i i f i i t f i i t i im itmr^"
i f n t mcfci 1lflci m t i ifie mm i -smrs' ifuftiem
ffi ftf'm ^ t f i i m t^^tnitei m f ^ ' f n ifmtft mfc? H'l-mK i m 4 e t m i tf^m-fcn f j i m
i c n 1 tm m t i T mt f f m i c u i ^ iititit ' i t f i i voh/isob flfst^ ?t?ici I f^Hfi-it-aitf? 5tr?i d H
f l c n I iicu tm f^ m i it^sfiT m i itf m fiHui lilt iHi ^ i%ien, lib cieit^ d n imfi-
'limmmf atm i iTfn4e^ nte m i tff"i-fcn f^tm ^ftiti v i V i s i s
'tff'i-fi b-b- I t n n n mtm v-bo/isfic?- i t c i 111 eî ifiiten 1 f^tm f f T ? n ci m i t i f ' i - f i
tifiti i c n I ttilc<i fH '{'{iJio'Ko l t d mmi i c n i cn fifiH ffi ficn r?t icn i<Hi <tct atHi^ n i
5 t i i # f s ( i ) I t f i 'mtf'1-mfu m-?iif, f ^ ' i - .it c a f f ^ m i tif'i-fen ffnti m b-^fe/is^j (?)
1t^s1tf1, vsi, iov; (^) u'tff'1-it'itiisp, mntm, i i , mêi I
iS)(2-i ^ . 1 . arîilt s ( i ) Itfi 'itif'i-HHT m-^titf, f w f
s .a. c^. n. i i t f ? i t f IfaUi?, '5,1, ii.il, 1,/\l, i o 8 - ( 2 - ; (^) Ittff'l-lfltH^P,
'tfy[-fi t f t t i i t f i f i - f i Ij 11. jj I ^ mimti, ftf, î, i ' s f i o H., \ 5 i , i f e f i i ( ) fspf -sm
^j-jjji) s t f i i t i t f i ' i - f i m-'îff, m-fimit, m - mm?, itfitf'i-mfiif, 'usi fiem, nef i
-swmf, mt-mi, m-itmt i fei/iî f c i ? im tg . .it. CI. n. mt^-mf
t t f i i e n 151 'wif& atrum . a i m ffi^ 'ittn n t t ^ * f - ( ^ s t i i ( J U J I j j t ) s (f. ju.juLÔ-'îtmi
t&*lHii f f fiii atm m i I f m f^fspi i t ^ c n it?ii iff?ifiii<t?jiieifiumuf^'f m e i n f 3 i i f i m i
m iti-'^Hf m-irî^tf? iti*i? nt mitfim ^c tm e^ itf^ ?Tfmc'f? ^tfi 'it?f? i f m it?te
micici n m i f n t icitun (6jji)itftci m t i iHc r?ten atvm, im ^ mstiifim imei f i f ^ ?m m,
I t e n I f m f^fm "Itmr irmp-fi t n 'mtii-mm 5t1i|t Hf%i iit?f ime i m t f i t e n afeitwf? ifm-'
m - m t f f l c n leituti iTTiiit f f i t n ^ f^Hnfii Hfm m n nt ifleiei mei? men i ? i i m m 5 ? i ??
H'situ H f i i - f i m^ff f i m n f i te?|i I 'imtit mtf i - ?t?te .itit men ?Tfme'H ifisc? citm HmH cm m
f i leuum itfmrei mjî i c n nt f i i t f i it^mt cn 1 tnt i t i t f i i i f f'mien icu . i t tim fgt itu^fi
i t f i ' 1 - f c n t i i 5 I t f ' I t ^ fici f*tii It i f i i t iitfcij? ^tci iHi mt [iH att?fi^ mfi?le a|f?m
1CUUT? l u t i m mificiti i c n i t m n tiftr f i i m t mt CI, t^tc 1^^ <t?ici mt? ' I t f ( ? t ) - ? lilt a t n
l u t i m ifiift iHit "swmcs I t f i i t itftci m i l iHc fcn tmic^ta cm m w e n i m g ^ fiHfb uf^'f11 l a H i
I t e n I isfifam fri ftitei f m l e i t utf f|i i ffi tH 'tf5'-i?tfwi-m m f i ?t?t IC I fif cicit^ mi
Hctb/i'ixtct l t d fifes tifiti i c n i t m f .^f?tfii icnm mH ifiMa mt .it?ici îte?
' I t m t t i f " i - f c n f ^ m i tiit<fi-fi f i f^tm tf^l-fism ?tc f n (mt itm-m m^ ifie^w ii),
t i i 5 atî t n t f 9m n i c n n t im t i i 5 f5if?if iH^ ?t fm^ ^ ftifi%te? f?itf i f i t i e n ift
lfm m It l e n i f ^ n t i m ? ffi mteisi msêij? ItH I C ? I f?tt til i t l T i 4 i m mfi ati^
itmîtit nc? irffei m t i i f i i t w i i i e i i t f ' m ^ '??HiBjfi<t itifcij? fien cm ^ mnen ie i t ; fimen
it'fiite? t^tmiien nti fe f n itrntft l e n i tnt 'ititfiut f'm fiite?? f?fm ?ftmft (int m
brisi/iSis ltditmitm fH tifiti i c i t mt .îteit
îifif) fmitf mf fmti 'it^^^t? t n mum t n m n
fHeiimntni (int ?tm) m^m ( i m t?f'i-i'??) m-fiitf (f.
t m f titem
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îs./b^8) m\ t"^-i^pr^'wn: ^ ^t 1%| RSjRtW? <t>R?lH^ I M i R wf-''f%g 1

?e?T ^tt?tlT Wt?[ '^SffXR ^-^grfR^, (^.7ftWl#? Rt?s)
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t ? ? '5<il?ifeK t ? ? wtft ?1f^'-iai? sR%<P, TOTW? RW %R M r lilR'v tTO ^MRi^ '1??'Sf 4tTR W t ? I WIRTRR
wt?-?M%: sprs <t?itc^ ('J. 8-(f) itRRwtR^^tf'wt R M t ? ? ^f'^R'S W?R^ TO? I
(iot., ?? b-8) R'=tw M m wIsK TO? I Kt? Rt lilt (8) ^%9m w t - f % M r 5 ' ? - M t R (Riwt?5 is-ibi
M R ? sfttMfif^^Rtel?? e ? J tf? Mf? W5? C?T1T t ^ ef?1? ?t^?|^ (R)-iil? ^t ^tn 2flR t R l R ^ t ? M 5
w (Rt41 ig?f? t ^ c?ir6t wfTOW?4 ?i;^ c?, MtR-iai? wif i^te eft^ R ^ l t ^ WttRfMt ^RvilC^ I t ^ R t R ^ ^
fifftMsTHR 'Wt^Tf TO'5,t?1? ^ t f ? M ^tfk^ R^sSffSRs?<lîihPi4lc<) sti R?<tjtRAtMlf^ ^ R t r ^ I
3 ^ i M w i5t?it Rt?t?ttr? M ? ? T % î^fttp ffi?s ( t ^ (<f) t R t W t W l ^ Wt?-RtWt% 8(f (f/ioib'S)-iil?
fift? R ^ M ? t 'WtMtrt? 2tf aRRtWf; <pr?t MftR? w t R R t ^ - M t R I Rlc?t Ric?t M r 5 ' ? - M t ^ M t ? t w ^ f l M
t5?f 'wttfMf %wf t r o i t c t ? î?>f*tT'l4 RS4RC?? sn:?! 2ff?tt lilt ' S f ^ l ^ R ? i M ^ ? J ? ^ 11^ s f t W R?f^^te? sfsf?
% ' ^ f e t ? ?'f?t 4 M ?<Kii|=f5i4\IC<l M t T R ? ? ' ^ effft?
W1%?? Islamic Shi'ite Encyclopaedia sfslR tos? sti 4 M C ^ I 2tf t ^ ( i ^ l ) - ( R 5 iil4# ?R-iil W3f^ W ^t^lC^
W 4?T M Biography Mt?ft? f ? M MlW^.sti
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t?n% C W R (t.f?.) R ? W R M ^ RC? ^ , t ^
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W? R"tC4 tl 2t?R 4?! <5,^lC^ I
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Mf^ R-Mfsff'-iii? ? si^p^ t^n'^-MtR ^ ^ e ? t ? I M
t??'^TOMAt^''WtR-^Ht?...t^WlR-^Rf?H ... t??Rt^
?f?J?5t? I ...
'srtR-^^ ? M WtRRt"^ RtRttf't'R-^'Wt ?t IRt^t^PtM? I
? e ? j 2fte?t ^ t 4 M ^ t?^"?-
lilt 'f^, TO ^ 'TORSt-iil? ? T f t ? , t ^ ' R - M Rt^ t f ?
?t^-iii? M M * w t - f # 5 f M M * I M?t^ R?fRMtt?
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2tst?t^ ^1? t%f% ? 5 M ? M 'wt?TOr t4?M, Mt?1^
lil?? lilt ? t M ^ ' ^ ' ^TO?alsi^^RW W ? M TOR (R,
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w s f M 4 f ? t t ^ I stf?M'5!M?'s?5''344f'^'5}c^lMf
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R ? M # ? ^ R ? r ? T M ^ t R f t ^ i t ^ R?4RC?? tf?t
Wt^Wfio-^ C^. 8(fS>/io>bl)-iil? t^p^Mo f ^ t - ^ ' w f
fbrib-b-iil? 31R c?t ^ T O m^ twtRtcs iSj^^R R t ' W i M R
(?fisft?5 is>\si Mt?nR lilt M R ? t^?5Rîs? ? e ? j t ^
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RR^, ?PaRt?^ 'S wt^'R-'^f^ Rtft (af^?5te?? M t ) ,
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^Me^ liR?. R'*tM ?5?f ari?fR Riw >t.RR^
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t?RlffM:4R
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isR ?<tfg#monm i%, ipfT-m ^ ' # 5 T ' m ? * N M ? m ^[^==T-^5ftfi ^ - ' i t f i f , m'?tî-f'm, m f i f i is.8'ij 'î.;
m m t f i i n m H-'a I V'^cj- ?tc <!>^ l i s mtiitfS' (ii) mm-t i t f i i m m - t mfif, i t s is, f^ ivs<\s>/ifeo;
m ?t?nti f m w ? (fspri) m i t f m t s.'bo-fefeo (i^) ? i ^ i t ? i ' i T i f ^ t n f^tmi ?imf'i-itmif,
T?nm ^ftR ( m ti) m t t i f i t i f i t f t i mtf^ i f % ' i - m i i f it?^?tfi'?-f?wfi, fi is, iiwr^F
ftitei mî-wtfi'-c i 3 f ^ .fwt^ I t f ^-si; iosh/ihô; (ivs) f ? i m ' I t f m^ff, ?t??tmf"i-itm
t m ft?t m i i t ? f i - m - m f i l l H f i ; .af^ if f m?tfwfi'i-m'?ifi f i ' 1 - f ^ m'l-itii?, ^ I Q , e?m
itfi^^ m , mt t?tm m f ? fff atff ^tf?i^ ivS8-'lvs/iS>8e-e8, vJsl., t # 1 . i^SOO/iS>fi8; ( i 8 ) 1 t ? ^
(21%: F I ^ 1 , f-f, m - f m m'l-^ti?''!?, fi 19, itwr^ ihs^ (ie)
isf? f i f m ( m i I t n n ifnft mt; im f? ?im m - H f s , m'ff 1-f'm fi-'^ffi'i-tfm, m i m
l t d mf-f?tf%fi-ftft? 'Itifii tf%i[i'i-fi m t l t n "nf ifeei f.; (ib) ?imf'i-1tfl, Islamic Shiite
t n i t ^ i T i - f t f t (w. 'bsVi^sfe-fio)-? Hsfti (c?m Encyclopaedia, m is, i 4 l f f ^ , m. f?., m f.
ihbto-s ^.) mt t m 1? l t d I t f m ^ wtiff"i-fi ?:im "mfW" 4?^ 1
t n f?i^ ^ "^mti t n fi?m'i-ftfit (f. B. Scarcia Amoretti (E.I.^)/ i t i f i mei
i^fi/iê)-i 41 fifi fitlittm fiut fi fi5tf
'^W-^Mt^ I^ ) o TSpg^
f?wfi (ctm %.)-m 4t:it I t m t 1 ^ t?tm
m f i t i i mt fell i 2 j f ^ fitm^sath? 4ffifif i m f f t ^ , mm fn??^ f c n ' i f ^ k t i f ? ^ i f i - 4 m i
mt I t i t f mid? M ^ % i i 4itfi 4iii:ii m < I t n i m I mt î^te? 4mfi im mt 'irfm i t a ^ fiemf imei?
(Tit hi:? f ? % i i ?nt?f? f i ititcwl? l e u (m fismt? 4fm 4itm ( i t i - ^ f , i t i - m n t f i i ) i i n t t?rei
wtf? ? n t stsfi ?tc m i (m?mii "mf tm t i s p m f m ?m ?? i t?ii'^'i'-'fi 4ei m--mmf
fejso/iev^ l t d f i f ^ i t f i n f i m ? t n t t f t f i ' i - m ' i t ft i f ' i - ?iiiiei wti-fimen ân m H mm ?fim i u
mt-'oftf? m f t f i f i - f f i f i , c?m i^^bv/ib-j? m t i m mm itîei m cmitm 4 m ie? m?ieCTi t f ite
i?jj/it^b-^) m?t t?tn ' f i t iiten fiw? ( m i t i t f i t f ? ?f=f ' i t f m i ^ c i i7 ifim 4mi mt ^m fiemf i m u ^
i f ^ i e i ? nittm I t f ? 4 i t i ifit: Itei 1 ' I t i t f l - ' i t f i i i n if?e lie? I
f 'mt'-t wtm ' I t f i i (c?m i o W i s > o ^ - ^ ) , f ^ t m iei ?? m tff"i-ititi fei? ' i t f m i f s ? w u 4mitfi
t n ?tm t n ' I t f m - i ? i ' i - ' i t f i f (f. ios-Vi^bb^) it4? ifim Itei mt .atme? îten ff%? c?itw ifim
isf?t f f i t f i i t ^ m t n t ? ? t f i m r - m i t f -(f. Itei I if?iime? m i ? 4 i i f f 'ir#fm m e i m m
. iibr'^/i<l<lvS-8)-m ff'lttf?'l-?t??t?1 (C??H c m n f mt ^m i f t i t ? m f e n fi?i:^ neiî 4?1 ie? i
i^bh/ib-ho) I t m i e ? t i?iif?te? I t f i f ? its if*[fii t?t ?m ?tmei ci, m-mm m m t n m?te mm'
# ? f ^ i i ifmiigen ?r?im n f e m iff<f m 4ii#e (4t?s) m'm ( m t l ) m e i t n t f fimen iteiiei
1 ^ ^ ?tyie^ I 4fiti f i f i i i e i ? i m e i t n t d ? m f i i itcitnt i m ?? ('m?f"i-mf, i t i f i'i-'itm') i i t ? i i -
ftfsfie it^lf iit?f? f i f n r t i fest, 'Hen^m fif^ 'itit'tfi'i-'miffiut 4ei it-titmf? m r ^^c f^
( f f i i m t ie? I It?, t ^ f ' 1 - i t m m m 5 m t f i f i - 4 m i mt ii?f t i
411^ s f l Itei 41^ ?nt?f? ifH^ f . (i) m I f i n 4 m iH?t itei i t n " f t ^ fitfwm (tf^'i-
s.v. ShJ'A; (^) Rieu, Brit. Mus. Supp. cat. Ar. i t i t e n iTdtnt)-c ftf^tmen ci, tf?'i-intei ^m it^m
Mss, 422-7; (o) f ? T m iffi? i t f - 1 f ? 1 f i t f , 'ititti m e i - ^ f ^ f i o ? i f n ^ m 4mi lfl im ?t?i
?t^s1tf1-wt^ f it??tH'i-'itit' m ' i - i t m , c?m Itci I t?t mt i n f i f f e n mm ifiiTi ifim c? m
ivSoib/ibrbrS.; (8) f ? t m t n mtfll' t n f^'^-ltlf, fii'iti^ c m ^m ita^t^ ' i t ^ f m i ^ ie=^ c m i ic?
t?tenie=ffc??fimê^tlT?t?l itci i ^ 'it^tuif:??
i i e i f ivsovs/ibrbrfi-'i); (ff) I t f m f w t i i i t n m - i t i f f ,
leu 4 m ? t i m^fen i t i f i f^ "iff m - n f t f f ' i -
I t i f " 1 - 1 ^ vsit'1-iim, imt. ftmt i i m , i f i m m
itmiei f e n citfii f i n (^ff"i-fi) i u if?m f i e n ci,
ifeofi f ; (b) f?'fm t n f n m f H m f , fimf'"i-îtm',
t?t cit m?te >sm n f i l m itcitnt im ?? cit^H?
c?m ioio/ibhd-b; (<{) m n f^< e??if, 'tmif
4f ^m mm m m i ( r n i i - f i i - f f i - m m , % iio) i
i t r n f i i - f m , itwti iv?<\o/iis>fio ^ê; (V) d H , i t i ' -
i t f ' m tm m u f f i i - f ' m , fi i, itwti ioc-fi-Vife^^b-b-; 'tff"i-itm 4f ie< âif^ t n t f t f i i ^m?
le? c?m it!>8 i ?te ; () d H , fnim''i- m i l Itcitnt f i f n e n ?f? fimi ita^t^ f i i m ie?Tt f i t ? ^
mt ?tff ?iit^ ?te ?t m.'f ' j n , ifi'e ?t ^
f f m f i f i tlfi*?-f?Wt1, C?m iJsfife '(.; (io) ltf?T1
T. F I . A-AS t n t f fiê?n
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imcM m i t t f H i t'BftiR; H m n 49?Jt/:^ i .at t f i I t H m f ? i m m f ' i - i i t ? i f ' m H f ? f H Hm

m e t Scholasticism-m i f l T t T t f f ' l - m t l i H f l t ? J ?'Ht i H m e n . ci, cmmg l i a t n ^ ' m i i % i m f i iei
m n n I t f f " i - H i i t m i m t i t Hsit HI'S H i ^fl ? t m f i i mm?? i t m n i t m , c i t c ? f ' t f i ' m i t t c i ?
IC?; c i m t H ^ i i H f f ( t m f ) . t ^ i m i H c i H i m m m i - i t m f??rte? affif^ ir ie? i m .ane .at ' t f i
Hie? f i H i l i w i f f f '^^wi's i?,i4?i i H m e i 1 ^nffm m t c i m e i t m (itirrst) if??i? n m m i ifi?tt
' t f f l - i m n c m f i H i i i t f H i H i t c i i i H I M C I I t n i H m t t H m t - m m i i i m a t n a t n .at 'tfci?
c t m i i ? i spoTi^ I t 'fcinme? 1^3^^ ?t'C5' l i c i n m m t i f c i?ji?iê?? f^rc?fm ' m - m m f m t m i t H "
ff f H m ( H m i ) - i f ? anteis wm m i m i H i 1 c m fifi i f i m i ? ? f m c i cif^ ' t m n ' t i f " i - m m i
f f l ? i H ^ ' i c ? f H i t ^ m t e ? i f f l a l r m f f i H C I mt 1?f ?? (1t^{Hl ?1'f'H?"iH'l-f531, ii) I
f l % H o i sn!=fif?ci i i t f H .aiH nrHc .at mc5 i^Ht t f t HHiei? IC .at t i i - m m f m - i m .atwm
im ?i m t i ? i f 'mHiii 's mrnvs^ci? i t t f s ' i - mm ?t?iei C I , tHc f?i'mifei? iH 'rnittw H n m
i r m m meirw Hi?H? m ? m n iHr etmi i t i , H f
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m%n HitPBur n t n mvm 'tfsjw %j^l-*ftmt' .atltei at^ c i f CH? CI, i f i a t f ' ^ t ^ ' l - ? r i l T l
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CT, .at 'tn cm f f irftm^m Htn's Hcî ^ ^ - m ^5tc t i m e ? ?m iit?lHi i t n t e n i m

I C ? H, nt ^mr im^s i m twin -am i s f ^ ?tc f i f w f i f l l e m H t e i e ! ^ i f f i ^ n H mm i f i f t m i
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itapfs Rmf? itm itcimt ?5c? 1 cm itwt?, f m m mt nt fiffm ?m mi, m m ift 2tfH ifm? tnti
( I T S ) , 'smf (fiin) 's <t>i?Nf ( I t l l t l ) , it%f' 's m ^ ftf mi I tH f l l t n t e n f i e n M^, i H s f c m W H
tmtfi I lat fmftci mm i f i m i c s f 'tif"i-min ific fif^ i c n ^s,if^ m mtf?i inm i H t f f i cmst ifm-
f f f i ; (?) ti^'i-rnitcn ftmfiit fimi, mm? imi i f i m o ? fifm? I C I w t f i f c n I C H m f n i f i ? m f f t ?\SH c m
-tf'^m (imf f i ^ ) \s ffimt (iim)-'a? ift, cm f n nm i e ? i i n .at m?H c i w im i H f i e ? c i ,
wtQ?ti c^), 'mmi- (miti), ifimwi i f m f^st, I'f,. f m t i e n icmt c m r i c n fft ^^mei i ificm? 4ff^
fti, mi tTtfi; () tfî-rnmcn mwSifi fimi, mmci ? e i nt tfH n f c i fiiTm i 5 i i <ltffi f i i e n i f c i
f f ?iititiim?titci, cmtimci?tcitc?i,tmifei f u m e n icH's iHf^ ClH m i
i i i f fi, 'Itimf mfm tmi ftcic? cm flcii nt
t n t f m f e n if?e?ie?? ^ n ifii mmt cwt? fim
.at nen mm af^; (s) t i f ' i mmen ' i t i f (ffî) HemtrnmrtH fie?nt icn m c?, t n t f fsmfiiii .at
fimi, ti's m imei itcitnt, i t i f i i t^^ i t i ^ ^ ? m n ifieH? \s fici? fmfi=ii f i t e i ifimen nt â
fin, 'î ftm's fifSm, fwtf'i-fmti, twm i f ^ m e n I C I T G f nti ^îe? ffn n me? .^m
Hmi tJtfi i in Itim cif^ CI, iti-ifamfii, i t i - m i i - H ? i c i f t j 7 HfH: n m ?tmcn i 'mfnii 4 f i e ^ citfii
mnfi-fim iim iti-fimi nfi-fi^H tTtfi 4t^f< fin'sfie stff^ ifnt ^ m f|? ?ftmen nt
i m i i f i n m .at ?mn HH^ ifmrf^ n ?? i m s c i ifii c i f nti iHmen I
'tif iHTcn fnt fiici ?i 8 'tfi mten fnt fiHs[ im's fiHg i c n fft? m i m i m l a t c m w f ? ,
i m c i i t i - i t i ' i t f (mum) ?tc m ifnt ii-iitmf m i tH n mif?i n m , fieiitei c s i e m n m t m
(mn-'itiitfim-mitfimt) i w nci t?t ifimen ci, ?ti C I , .a i f n im ie^\s m f e n ifii mm t i m e ?
mm f m m (i) ^ i i ? T f icn f i i w citeim 'mrn^ti f2tff& Htl nt ifimti f m t i e i fime? w t m ' i t n >
i t s F t s i T t i r c i imifi mffso? (i)-n fii5 ?tc wtfim im m t t i I Hf^ i c n f f t ?t?ffli fisieû:?, e? i e ^
i t m fitm-tji^te? .ii?-ifen ift imm< ifim? fcmi lesf cif5 cif5 i c n f i f f ^ i f ^ I t e i nt m f e n wtH'm
it'sm m fif%w ?tci nt ip ?5it iftim m i it, l i l t f i w f i m 1 i m f j n ^ n ifimti m t ? .&ir?^
fif i??f I t e i fim immm cut f i e i lem mif%? H i t ^ ^ immfii n m i t ? f?% i c n \5? ? s m f ? t i
fft mt I tm fi? mwtifm m i f l i , f i f ifimti imtm Hi1?i's mmfii Htm I He^ 1 3 ^m ^ t i c i m t ? i ;
^s iei m f l l mm H^ ?e^ cm fitm ? t e n im ?te
mm m w t f i itm im^ i f n t e i i c m ?f% ?tmei, .at
tnfi'f^mf cm m f l ^ r n i g t ? ? 2(51?'s ^m atmmfi f^Him fif^ ciâi f i f s (i) i r s f 1, H H C f i n t i e n
T|fî nf? mitem i t ? e i fft n i fif tH i e i im f i i fe? v| HTtren i?m im ?t?tei, tH f i f f l H ^ m e n
i e ? CI, imtmn? fft cm imm?i m immfii i?ir f l i
Iim tm c m fiimien irrifcit if^mfli i stu, tH
ij5sf1 n m ; (^) f^ if? i m e n i f H m e n i e i f t
^ fiente? ^5mfim im ^^mei, tm fli f?f^ ? f ? i m e i ?
m ^smm n m ci, i t ^ n e ? n e ? mm H % I fsm
f i m n s f i s t e ? ? ciâj; ( ) f i (aflfi) i ^ i t m m ( m ^ )
iemi ifim i t e i n t afff^ if? mte? mm f i w ? ^ftf's
mi ifim Hei 1 C I n fBm? n finm Hfic i t e ? m i
n? ^^c ^ f^mm \s f ? f t c n fitfim i tnci ffî
HwSifn i ? i t , cfcHfii l u l l ' s fif^ wtf? I I H ? < ? c3t?mmtc He? i
icf? f^tm ? n t ? nfgmmmiteitfcn fft ?\smi?mtf i Hi's icn c ^ t ^ inti f n fiimm? m i ^^mei,
fffi, tnti ?ti n 4 Hi? wtf? f l , m ffif? m f i f Hil2fitc? 'til mm im f e n mrnm atmi ifim
1 's H n imfim f i w ? H i i - m ? H mnrf c i i i c ? nt^m fia^ iHmfi itatmi sifem? ifnt? c i ^ i H i t ? i
mm m n f ^ i t i i ifimm^tm itm, ^ n m m m "urnHf^ntci I
\s fen ifufm ^ m fitfim? itn^ ?? n t fiewen t n itiTjis t i l mien fnf m e i itdtnt ifimen i
fsmmm i f f c i ' s m 4femm:?t n men i ^ afcmi ^ mfi ' m - i t i iTOi iteimt if?e fim ffi fien,
I C ? , mm I C I i c n n? tnti st?iitf?ii's simfi ^m
" c i f 5 i H tH t m mtfi cit m c i t f i i ititm mm
ic I .qvt\si<jm fic?t.j . f i n ^ 1 c?, .at w t e i ^ e i fifii
nfci gf^mj srmn^ Hi im ^^mei i fim< gfte
'mfiiii fime? st?i ifimen mt me? m f??f5 i t i m ff? f t ? 4 H 1 ?ft?tei I i ^ i f i f f , I t f i i i f ?
t n t f fiêm
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^mt^ ^ i f n ^ imt? ilwim, Hf "mft ar?f ?? mt .at i t i f " t f ? f e n ft, t m f c ? t1in

ltd i r f m f m u f U H m m vtimm H T W W ? m e u . i t f?i?ifc??.wu"m-fii? H f n ?t?m i ? t
3 i ^
witm cm m 'moiticm st*fR m i Hi m -

I cm itf:n wu " m - f i f ? H ' l - t n " at^fi f l i i
f f m t i H ? iiijiîf*, I .at m t m t 'nHnwm I f f mumf (m-fnti M 3 ? t i - H ? t i , 1. i v ) m f i i
Ha Hifm Hci "BtHit Itci I fmci? atrmcit fS^sftr a t m t ifnten i f * f ^ f I f f fien, "iifi n i w ( ' i i ? ? t f
mitH î^fn i c n mt ic^ ic^ I t f 1 (Hssti ^g^) iflt mf? f 1 ) t ? f t f f ' i - i t m I t e i iHit ?? i t 1
imti#i c m c n i m .atm ttc^t t f i ir*iici(<i HH it'f=i^'?-?t%n fci m f'tf?f 11 i*fci i w t 11 icn

mt" (fitHit, f. 8.ijo) I mt i c i t ^ i t ? l 'at itia?'srttH mt i i e n n
H H imci t i l ititcn miHiH M3 ^ itHs mt ci tmt t m m 'tif"i-itm ?ten" ( t i f ' i - i t m , % ôa) i
mci i c n H ^ nt ititci i m m irfcn iu (f m'l- mt ? i , t ? f i t c?, I t l t l ' s nH i c n Itn 'iiit
tnti, oi, i - 8 ) ^ itiUfcn ICU H i Hi m^rafti a r m ? ? i f i i t affim ?? i fmiHien (nmnwfii) ut?
Hf Hi itHji (itH#) I i m ^ i m i i ^ iHc m fifii t n t f 'mi'ti
m f fif?f?iTt ;mei f i
n l i M 3
I f ^m c?tsH t i m f u m i i itm iHs i cm mf ifefen t n i f ^ren tH?iei i t n t liin i c n m

( i ) f 15fR miiCI? .ilt niH CI, H CUT-met^ M3 IfSltC? I t it?rci?ei imt ^ 1 1 ^ f i ? l f i i mffn ? iei
2tHt ic?f i t , m fH% i f f l ' s wtHif^n if?c ItH I ^ iffei? ?ntif I T W i w .at i l t ?
m5i%'s mîmci's mimt iH?itt:i mtmicn m^ m i m if?eei i .iin atf ? t i , f i i f f l i ^ itfii (fmt
m t l sTsTtuti iHitn; (^) f^-H4? ?tc mit?H? n ?i^ 'a if?Hut m e i iteimt ifiiten) ^cn i^^jft ^
fiHiii f f mitm's Rc<Hi aiH it?ftciti cn mti'fe? I i iie?f iifu H ? .ilt fiien î? imf icn-
n t f ?
sfH I t n f tf f mte? miticiji n

1 I C I () nrfe,ireitnt;.if?e iiHi frmHiiitm atm
mSiHi n u t i f 1 itfifn Hmfi? n f i i t i itn. i c n , m i i t l f e i
itHcn (itH#) m u f ? Hcuf itfH, i t m r f f m icn, m atH t m itHit -^^rei f f ^ m . m i
mîti md?; i n f H m i c u ifff m i 'ilt if?m cbtt:ien mtm iiei^ ifi-anfi cn.ien i
fll CI, Hf%^ ICI? ifiTfci?ci i"HHf%i stitllH m m Hifc iffiiii ^ R ? ? i f c ? ? n i i J i f f i t e ?
s;'nm I U m r atfi inm ?ti, t i m uoHi 'it?? itimu l e n mtmt 'iitfe? ci, f?rcn n iiw ^
flea? ICU .iTuiw fll wHi 'ir#tit mteic^n cm f^ fifing- 's ^m a t m ?tc f ^ isn m imf ^m I
i f r n i m-Hom fHt? i t i t m m i 'iit fr w , f5mtnf ifnt cm li'îc^ i f n n m n fimr

' m i l l imtHitf IC?, ???, i m u f i .iit mcit ?i^ Itn i f ? ? t ?en Sen iintf? ite?t i i t i t i j cn 'at?ii, I
nirif? (nil, i t M s i , Itif) utitc? s f n ?tct fmrfnii tmen ^ nfiie?? n fisni .itn ifnt
itiinru3?n iî^îc'i? fnt ?tyiR'=i, 'iniH mttnîfld? m ie^ ifi-arui i 4 ? l e n i infiei mffiiii ^
(?t) f c i M 3 fw? 'a tif? -'fttH mf? fjgit ?? i f i f c? finujen n ifi-afiten mfnt ifitf fSm^mt i c n
m f i t f i i c m titn? ift itflft f l i cit mrci if?i (f. t n 'mji, f H f R f i t , T{. m-intf, m-tifiiti
m-fiof ntcmu ?? i t , ??t i5fi5<3tc? 'iiifm.sfH Hlt'H<MH) I
f i g i i I t n 1 f t icit m i?t ?t?tr< \ f^ i f i m i i i f ^ ' ' t e ? ?i^ file? if5s fifii itffiiii tif"i-
(cm ie? ?f^ îrci) m i f irci f?f% ite? mt^ i?t itm "3 ftiffin ^ aitfi n lait t i f " i - m r t e n cm
?? ! cm if?nte^ nfcn-cmst ?mti8 icn,, nt ma isfn
f ^ f"Iff'Q 't''ffitei 'ititti f t^lt' f^-TfCI? ^ ttt?f fen 'an n jp fin, a t t ^ l e n itm Hfi
? t
i f n fif^ fiien n itcitnt ifntcn 'ii?t (itifim itfen n cm f H ^ H ^ i f i cn i?r m it i f?ft
inpimf? ffi?) ^ f 1 if??fen w, tntf mfc?? t n fir ?en, "itf^t?ie f n ' ^ n ? t f n f t i ^ -^m
ICU citfii fin lilt mH fii s ( i ) m m Hir snti i?t, i?ltife?? i f i - a f i t e n muei n? i e ? , f i f I t
(-^) m? itn-'^^ i^H, (o) 'mt'ti 'itm-'ii? ffltc f ? i i f H I f i i e n wu'itte?i'Htif??tfntei,

n m mti; ( 8 ) 'irf i' ^ 'mi'-nfnH (tff'i-m=rfi, .atwu 'at m mtm mrtcnci itf'ite? muei wtfic
1 . ' ^ o - o o ; fitf?cij? w u f. fifm) I ?tc?" ( t f t ' i n n , f^Hm, % h; Htfi-ifm' nti-m'm
"ti^'i-iim" if?t?tH nstn m iji^n ifmcn? H t n ^ m ^ m t e ? ) I '

mm I (f îM-tnti, î, S))-n ic ^t ciei ?m
f f ?
t f f i - m m m ' 8 ? ^ f < f i m f 8 ti^'i-mten s t m
^ci I natn 'mratf fci, m m-iffm? imtiei fin ? t i s ( i ) ititf? m (m), fiit (>8ir?f), ' n n
tntf fitem
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(HiRRbR) 's h 3 ^ ( ' i R S ' ^ ) - ' i ! ? 9m; ( ^ ) t'PN, ( i ) Wt?? 'Sit t t M R R^lim RfR'WtRt I (\) 4 f ? t >SRtA4tf
(vo) ^ ? w H iTiî^ ( 1 ^ ) M R T ti?ra Rtt^j^- ( w ^ ) i^?n, (s) \s Riff'siti:; tAR ( ) t t ^ ' f ?wtc?? RtR'wtsTt i
w r p (W^SRlR) t { M l R (t^TO ^ f M T ) , (<2-) ?5%T Rfr^ WI?Rill >a 4'liiR?IJlS C4A C?5A'^RTO C?, "wt??'RtR'WiRR,
M ?TM ifl?? f^-^ \S C j ^ t M t (iR? R R M ^ ^ T O 4 ItCR? WfTT t ^ 1^?AIRTO^tî^t R ^ R I A M R M ?
TOHT'R-TOMSTO), (b) M-Rf^w (r'i WW M R ) Ate atAt ? 5 e ? ? I tTaRT?T%pR M e ^ i9t *Re?? Re? R T O
Rttf 'WtlR'R-l?4R (RR WW M ? ) , (<^) RfSRtr? ^rn*tT tt^?t TO I Wf? t ^ ffRATsi 'St " w r ^ WtA? t??
i=tiM> C^) tRTsrt M w i Rt^F^TO 5}AtTO?TO?lAlC4t WT?t??TtTO'AtC??2 t t M l
RtTOt snR 4 ? T ^ (R, - g ^ m M t r t ? RRTRt "Wt^R ?e? ?Rt A? I tTO Re R t ^ TOiTO i tTO Rt
(^)-'il? ft*ETO MTR M RCA I WtAtW? ?*)T C4R t ^ wrc^TO^RtTAt? 4teW? ^ t ? CR C?n?' Wt RTCt I
Ate 4 4 ?j1% f^sRCTCA liltRft M I R , (RR? ^'!Mw? CR 1941^ tew ? T R RtS, ?lAf % ?tleR%MtTOWRT m^
C4R M R I R M o R R ^4tRtR R ? ^ 'WtMtt JW^m ? # te? ? T R RTTO '5RR CUê?? WtRtC? ^ t ? t?TO%11 tAt
< 3 ^g^Tc? sttR ^ 2ITO ^ ^ M ' W T ^ I M r s tt#RR^ MwtRMieti? c^^lM 'wt#rm 1 wtAî t ? ? R T ^ ^ T O WR^S
TOt stRtt 4 C ? I . M ' W T ^ CTOt ^RlC'oH, C R 5 H C?t? ?^ f 5 ? ^ ?eA TO?
^mtom liit M T R ^ M C^RlWS-iM w? ^ W t ^ 'S WtAt^ CTO t # 5?Raft i ^ C ? ; ^ T O R'te^
^ S R M ^^M^f Rt#iR? Wt?tR^ (wi^t 5ttiM^) W ? t A'STO Rt? lil?? ^ ? AtR W t ^ R^fe4 W T O Rfsi
^tC M ^ ^f^fc^ ^ t ? t% 4 M I RtTOt t t ^ W R (i9t ?n?et c? ?Tt^ wtw-iAC^ w t M , wgt? ?xt 'mm ?sf?R,
M e lilt R 4 5 I wtIRTB?t C'ftt "S'Sf'^ll'l R M arM? A? I CR ? n M RCA) i tf? i9t si cTOt ^4f?e? C?, WtWA^
M 2rfti:^ ^TO W I R 4 j ^ wtetiR M R 1??tTR? ^ t ? w^rtt TO?tf? c?n? f w M ^^tt^ t?^ wte?? Rt, wlWiA^
W t t M A? I ,iilt ?t?et ^tf^, f^TAf'TO?t ? R ^ ?neR R ^ R ^ ?eA; M wtiTA^ lR?t w f t ? n ? ^ TO? ttR?5
Wlfwdtaraw ^TO 2tf M A? ITOTTOwtn?t M c?, f ?WTie?? t r ^ t^CTO I ff? wtitA^ ?îRtRe4 ?r|^ (ft?^)
M R ':5rr#MT5A, wt^tA? 'rt, R|;aRt Mt^fl, Rt '?fR?t AtM (?TO) ?e? ?5t?e? (litt ?ntte? 5'TMttt
WtÂ? ^tRTSt A^Rt '3?? ''iitRtR >a stMtTR? f??? W p t TttAR, .R* w r a ? TO) I W T ^ t ? ? Rl^^TO i ^ t r Mfte
(RTIR4 MiR^CA tjilRt ( R t t M I Ât? ar^'HR R T 5 n M . \ 3 RtR? t ^ R t ? T R - i 9 ? f ? ? ^ M k A W^'^tstAt 4e??TO?t?A
t ? M M t - < | 5 i ^ TO? 'tTOf \s t M l R TO^tTO kH^- A ? I tAR wteRtRe?? C4^ M trortR i t ? ? ^ ?neR TAI^
Mt CtTtt M I iAl :^t^ ^ WtCRl5?i!*i^c<? ?*(T ^^tc 'il'SR W^[RtRttM?1?e?WlS|?a}^tTO I RtR?5RtlR|tR (afttM
W T R ? M ' S Rtfl? ^Rt ITS RiAt i R R t f t fS'SR W S f ^ I C?TO T p t ? ^tr^R R i f ^ t t ) , w M t ; : t 5t?5tM, '5AtM' ?t4H
wrt'wiftai RT^^nTOit-t wt^TitlA?, TOm ti-s^ M "tt% Wl?? 'WT#tRtMt^ HCR?TO?^ R T O t Q ? ?#TO W?T
R 3 t t TO I ^ ? t C tAt >il?# RtTOt at^' M, M ^ ^ Rei?t M I R (wtA^t t ^ Rt^'s?t?-'fl? RR5JIA? W?T g. wtR-
'SAt? tttT-(RtTO A?I, TOt? W t 1??RTM ^ RC?, TO-Rtf, % itsts; w n - ^ f l A ? 1 ^ , ' { . _ ^ o i t . ) I Wi^^?ie?? M
^ Ate ttr4 I w s s ^ 2tf1^ TfR ig ? AAC W ^ v t T ^tTtl- t ? t f t e 4 T i i t M R w M M T O I i9t R?few <rsr?!f5 <(R,?iic^
t*ttTO % ? ^te^'tte4 I i S ? ? lilt R T O TO M t?W t ^ 4 M ttC4,
WtR-WIR'Wlft 'RT4TRt^'R-t?RTMR' atT^ ^ R ^?t? R M wtiTA^ R ^ ^ I ôtAtRt t'te? wtlTA^
-a tttTRÂ? ^ t ? f M e ^ I ' T O f - R l t R f ^ 'WTRr^FlRf' t<ijM:4 w M t ^ . . ^ ^ TO? ? e 5 w c?, R 5 ? t ? ^ wR w t ^
?R?t'R-Mf4' iS R 4 R CRt?^^!!?^ f S M 4 M C ^ RlARt l'WtRi C4?R t ? t RT ? 5 e ? R ? t ? ^ R ? R M A ? I lAT?t
Ri tet wte5? 1 9 ? ? ff? ?tfRt%R? 'wt#tTOr^ ? ' ^ c?? cut ^^rtt s i R i t ?#!; ,we^ c?, Rtê?? "^r^RRt ^^Mi?
?Mi:5? (wR ff. wtt-'HA?!^, M r j ' R - M t R \s?tR-MlR; W 5 t % l R ? t M I 5At^'fTO,^T?TO c?t?5- t?e?t% liR? tAiefR
t ^ ATîR, M T ^ ' R - ^ R) I #?? t ^ ? ^ ^RtcRtB"'? M R I
iÂ ^(R w isr5?TiiRsnA? ?'=tRt 1 R M ? R t m RCA i '^PitMrt'e?? lilt Rie? witTtM 4 M R ?Tttle? we?e4
^ttC? ^ M , (RtM ?R \s TAriR? ^ t M t T s t ? ^ ^ ? ? f ? M At?rte^ c?,-T4'% wft?^ ?Rt Re^ tAlcî*ic4
wtcRiERtw ^Mpf ^ e ? I 4M??Jt ?Rt ^ t ^ 1 we?e4? ?e TAtw?t4 4-T^tMt Rte?
'tRlR-?tRTt?R 2tM R R R ^ A ? f^lRt:^ ? t M W f M 4 M ? ? t ? t At^, tAt?t i 4 M R s WtmlA i'WtRt
t ? ?t? igRRRt?eii?- ^?T ?1WS?M ^ i?fe W t ^ R TOt 4c? ^tc M M ? # R RTije?? w?T ^ ?AiR Rtet?, I fit^te^
(t?cTO 4 M tt^sRtM, Rt^^Rlrm 'S %'WtlR?^), t? iilt.TO tAie^ W?TtTOTO4?t <,t?llC^ ?lAl?t liit 4tt ?îe?
^^TO M f ? ^ t TO-M^T'G 5?W' ^ 1 (TqtVR^Î c?, TO? tTO 41RT?#? ^t?- -lifA^ Rtet c?, 'TOT?'
R??1C4 4 M ? T 4 - M T O ^ ^5tRtM TAt 1?^t, S (*tf^) C?? ^ ? tAt?t R M Rl?t^ 1 9 ? ; , at
f1^ ? ^ TTO t ^
tRRTtt f?'ê?>R
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i t % ^ If'' I i m U m mpftra? st^re (?m 1 w f t m n 1 c m i i c n (?) f?Hi'm m - f i i ' m la^^ ? t i c i ,

m m m r - w ^ t f n t HHmt m m m - H m i # t i n m i t tmen if? i t i i # i ? ie?, c?ifite? f i ? - m if? tm
l t d f'tR%tfms n m f n r t m w iift i m ?tftci i c m t ie=if m m i ie? n t 4fie^ t?imt ^:cn cit i n
tmrs 'at H o c m i icmt ci, m f c n i t i k f i h w i f t i c m m?tenci fsfwit n t ?? 1
t ^ m i t ^ m t i f w n I m'<ii>iC4 T i ^ i w t i l f j i ' \ro (twHc
Rciaic?? i t ^ m n HH i H m ?Tt icmt 'ait m m H? f'ifiii ? I f frnfifci? iifi#? Sijtm f : i t iHmfif,
( i o d - H.) n H m tmt i t ^ ' i - m H c i ? mc i im iH e? 'mmff f i t m?ten ffen m i ifie ?tc? 1 mm?i
t m m s m t ? i f m ism tH^ m i i nmfmtci? " m f m ?m ^tm Itei CI, .ilt ie? mn ?ten 'smtHi t n
"It-!' i^î H.) I fH t m ?Tm m i f (?) i t f mti
f i H i i H m n m 'ait ^ m i r ^ m f ( a i t m t m 4 m
4 m ?tc I t c i I n ? C I ? i c n ci, i t m H m t w i ' m n t ' t i m - ? i m t n i t m , ^j. i i o H.)m f ^ f i c n 1 i f m
m i l I t c i HH ' m n ' t c n 1 1 1 H 4 ? ic? .iiit m t c i ? if?iifcn i m e i tm mm f ? men 1 ?tc ^jn
IC H f'tH%i? i c m H f l ^ m isft?, f'fHfmt
f l l I fH ?en CI, i f m m?mf m f f f'fn-s ie? n t
nmHijtci? f H i t 4?i IC? I mf<itfi?'3ie?ifts.4fie< ci fIn-a i e ? n t iftfi?"3
IC?, n t m m l f l ? t i t m fi?-'^^ i m ? f i c i 1 lat
f p H n t s 'at itHtHi m H t?tci? m i m m i ? t i m ifim fH ? i m m i - f ? m?-fii ?Ke mm m ?
?t?ici m m t 'sm?m ?Tf%5 i m c i ? i ? i t i t 4itci? ?ititc? nfwei i f f ^ ?t sfim m n t f i m ^jn f i m
t i s F t ' ( m ' f i , t i i ^ ) - m ici^ f i c n I f u m w ? i r m i t f m ftfi? 4fH i c n I t?fe ? i m ? t i f ?en, "t't?tm
. m i r f ? ?ititc? ici f H ^^ci i c ? i H IC? ?? 1 ' 1 1 ^ mHf" (-amfii I t m e n ?tc f n ?tm fîmei) mt
f m i ? IC CI i j t ^ f i l l , c? tm ^1? ?^ 4cmi i^Hc n ?tc f m i f i t f e n m f'mfim ftme? 4fiw ?tm
?tc? I i t f i f c i ? 1 H i CI, CI I t f i ? ia?t t?tn ?jt i m m I leiei m m ?en c?, tit i c n \5? -amHi t n 'if1'?
-amHf? I f't1?lt11 ?tici c?, CI f i l l IC?, i t H i - a ic? 1 i c n fc?t i H ? t f l i , n t f i i m?i m? ( c m ?T?i t n
c? f i f i i n t CIC I t c ? I f?fipit l i t l i t m c m i if?ci ' I f f ) - ' f'mfimift f i c n 1 i m . i i i i c n m i f ? t i c i , .
c?, i f m ' 9 m ? i t f m f ^ i r t m H m t ^ ^1? (fi?fic? f n m f n t t m i ? i m t n ''^nf^ '^ftf? f ' l t H m iei=,
i w ) iffm fic ?tc?, f i H i w t f i i g f 'ait c i t n f^titm i f i i f i ? # m n ? ?tc ?? i n f ' m t 'iff?
i i t ? f n t c i ifi^t I ffit t?tcn f t m i t e n 1 i t f c n im ?tc n n mwfH ?tc ifim f ^ t m ?tm (m) -a
I t w t m i e ? c?, T?tm l i e ? ? i i i t ? % ^1? l f l ( i t n t i f ) I f f ? f'ltHm (m) ^ ?tc ^ n ^ m m \ m?rm c m
4miHe I t f i e ? 1 tn tme? ft i m i men n t "mit'ti i t ^
n ? m t ? ? e n c?, f g H t i t i i m f ^ i t m t c n f i i w Hie? fsm ^ lenm iHe men 1 c m c m 4tbiHm 1
fiem? i m ?te f i ? i t f i m m i 'at i4t 4?i i c ? (f. ? t i c?, t?fen 'atm f'mfim m ^ c?, f?tm f?t
'Sm i t ? ? i i , t f i p r - f i i H ' i - ' m t f ) I î?fw'mi f i t
Q f < f f "3 i?e??m ficn n t iffH wi ?tc fiff itfien 1
i t f i i t e n mt? i l t f ? 1 ? if?ei c?, i f f i i m i e ? i m m m I f f ? ( i t w i ' 1 - t m i , m-fii- f r ' i - m - f f - . n
mf ? t c n I t f i i ' I t f i f ? e? f?tm S ? t e n f??i:^ fiegt? Sffi?) fif^tmen CI, m f f e n lem m f i mei n cmi
^3 ? T f i e m lei^ f i e n m 1 f ' l f i f 11 c i t m f ^ e i t f l l m m if ^ f'mfim 1 mmen 'itn'ti f ' t f n f
f # f ' i t e i ? lem m if?ei, c? i f f m 'e3it?itfei fb^wl^lrjif mstmen I t i t t c n if? f n mei 1 m i t f f e n i ? i
I C I m ? ^ I lat i1?elt t f ? f e n 4tifc? l e n 4fi^ 's ?tc m?tm t n t i 4?i ifimen m?fm 'mn'ten cnjg
4iit f i i ? ^ ?'tfei? t m e n m - i t - s m m m ? t m e i i t ^ e i i ? m f'mfntei 'at m f n t itfien 1 f ? t m i f f
f ? f w ' i t ? i t ?tmei I f i f t c i t e i m m t i n e w H ^ ?'sm W t iei i c n c?, t m e n f'mfim ^ m?fmen icm icit
m .ilt ' I t i t m i t s t ? 4 ? e n c s f ? # m e i (f. t n ? i f i , f i i it-sm m I m^fen f'tf?mm -^f^ i f c n (ifif^
m - f i i r i H ' l - f n t i '3mi-fi?ii, ^. m 1.; f ? f w ' i f e n n t itntm) iteitei 'mm'-'a? n n - f i e ? t i i if?ei 1
fif^ n iifc?? m i f . I t f - m t m m f , m - f i m t f i H i f'mfimii's f ? m itm?? fi-ite? m i f ?
n t l - H ? f i ) I c m c m ' i t t f i i f ? f w ' i f e i iiiteiG f i ^ ?itiif i*fcn ( I t n t m ) itcmei iftmen (f. m-m1ft<['i-
i f i m e n i s f f t ^ [ # f ' i t m - f ^ ^ f?fw'it m - f i i ' i t 1 ( i ) tntfimt) I
f ? f i f ' i T m-^5it^ i4t ? t i c?, i f m ' Q i t ? i t f e i fm i t i
t'f^?li-n i i 3 f f ^ ( f l ) 8 ifms f'mfifen i f i s
m m f m e i e i i t f % 4 m i m ?te?, ei c i fb<t'Srl?t:ilf ie? 1 c i m fiififit iti f5^?t?t'8 ?f??tei n t i ^ f i ? Hf%c
i m m m i c?, i t m ? t?ic<p i=m i f i m f i e n 'ait m ^
fmlifm m n H I C I fis'SF ?tm tntci ( c m m - n t f i f n i t ,
?tcs c i i t f s m m t c ? I m # t ? ' s f ^ i f w n ' a i f i m t i i (Xit
m-im?fi?f, I f f - i t w w i f i i i t , iti-wtHfw?n, i t i -
fifem
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Contents
fit^ f'ltf ^ if?em?ei .atte? ?'Ht 4 R ? t c n , "mtt?

('sitHd t n mm m iH-itamti HmHcn) m n e i f?m irfei .at a m i m c? i e i ? eî m i
mt HH m mi? m:?i iHH fifH Hfir? -siiM m?tc mt?? tifti l i i n e i f^ ?f??lc^, c m .'mei?
?tH mt mt fit? i?t ?jf c?5? f'^lHf ?Hm iH?1? 1 ? tm m i f i im, fimic? f i i cic?ftei? iiH?n?te?
?tH m I f H s H >at s (i) iT-f8fH; ( ? ) I H - H ^ f m m n tnH, ât ?mm? mne? atf i < m m i^f
(f'il?f It Hsfm iTt?tmf ^t^sfntf ?H?! mH iHm); 4 ? 1 im mte I t e ? i t ? t it?t ^ f ^ l e n mi ?tftei i
() iH-'sm'i m'i-'sm%t; (s) mr-mHmf m?m'i- atf i < 4?iitHii ?tci f t t f ^ mfitftii, m?ien
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fmti I i'tH%iT? tisfH? i?,H^ mmm Htm îH ??, m?tm mt?? ? t - i t m i i f i m f m i f ? i
2tms^ s 1 1 ? i m m a t i m ?ti f'tf?it m?tei? m i t i ?ti
(i) '^hsfH s mt?? mf?tui? mf'mn tmrntm? mH îfi?i-i-t f l i t I t i f ? ? i t ? f ifmitft ('tff'1-

'a?5f f4 ( f f i t i 'iritm mt m f m t H mt?? ^ts^ta? i m , 1. ?b-) I
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f ' v s i f i f n 9mm ijfltiti ?ti:^ .iit 1t#tm H m irftrt f'if?iicH? t ' s f i ^ ifigm 'it^fmci .at tm ?*fm
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mtm mmli i f ? m mtftm .an mti mn m i ?t?t m I tmm?3tmi mt-m fif, 'aitite? m it5t
mt?? tfigt 2tmt ic?, c?n <UE_^ ^ tif 1ii m? m i mfm w t I tm tim m if?m mt i tm icm
mrt's m i m?t "it 'Nti i i m atH t t m s ic?, cm f i n m f i f b ^ ^ i mt i tH nmrns len mt f i ? len i
^jî Jji; msi? mimn^ mmmm?tmmarf?m tm c m m - a t j i . m t i tm cmfn^smti tmm
n C I , mt?? W I J cm titit f i i mt, cm ^ iii <li j m mei m m, m i f i m im., m ^ m ti^ i c m im
<ui<^jjjLJ L 4 ; i _ i ^ j ^ i j ; mmtiimncitfici? t?tei if?c?ti i e ? m, n? i f i tm Si? afcmwj i c ? i
cii ftsmm, cm j L ^ i ^ t ^ ^ i ^ m t ^ i ^ i ^;|^t tH c m Itci aie?i i m m i i?tei m cm-Hcnci
> I f#m Ittimm? mrcit cit fci^s mt?? iH? ?tc? ffi im m m mm fftifc?? icm it^sm m mt Sm
Ril? mitm mf m atH. t m mttci mt mt m ilfficf? if?n i n I C ? 1 tm tiitc?'s ?<Ht im m
mn mm mjcim (mtf?, tifti) atrnt it^m itci m m c?, tfi c n f m im^ntff fitm f?tei iHmi im
mimt's l i f i w i H i ?tc ti? ittici i i?tci? linj mte I t e ? i n t tH n f f i i m t f i tH fmni's len i
?ti, "mim i t ^ tm m m f w ? atH t m ?tf% mt fH mm^s fWt m i m icn i ife t?tei i f ? e ? t i if?e
m?f til f i H c i m i m 'fH!? tii ^ m t i cmtm m mtiitf?teifittmmtH: ite?m iif5Ht?teiiif%
ittia5 Tsnm mnw? i? ^smfw? ic? i mnw? wu m?t iHc I t e ? m mt itfcn icf i?tei fnt im m m i
f n t n mtli ?t?tci T?t 4 ? i imt icit i iH mr?tm fftifc?? i f t tm citni itfu mt I fciti H n
?nin-t?c?mi it?c mt T?t mnm imt ^ mte?, t?tei iHc?ti if?e I t e ? m I tH w ? Sfi f ^ mt
mrt?? t^ ?tc? m i" .at f^ tnc? ifm: cici
i?tm mi mm itfu ^c f^ i tfi nm men i
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S ^ I .at mtitc? f'ttif 1 1 f i ^ i i m m ifimen i tium ficn i fH i ? i t l i s , i?ti?t.aiitf fS?f? mt
n i t .atieit ItHm I ^ f?tei a#te I t m m mt T j f t i f ^
t?tm m j ?ti, '."mim ifisjt it^Ftw mniî?? mtm-
ticmi if?m ItH, fisf cit m mn m?tc 'mn? Si? t?tei if? iHc I t e ? m 11^ m f fmei itieiti
i f i e I t e ? m mt i4 mm tm ilt mt im m m i tH
mifi im mt C5?rm, ?t att? Scî m i , m "an
I f , e? imtm ? f ? m len i tH ' i t f i i ^ i?t^g?iiff,
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e? ffi ^ i f % m Itfiien mm len i tHt c m
i?t Sm ii<i ?? I cic?f i f ^ t'sfi mt tm
ifin? I fH mf f i i ^ fniff ie? mt tH irst c m '
Itc? iHatm ati^ t i m cifsf S?tc itft^ lie?
tii?mt I tm?tcwjfm cmifimt mtSf?mt i
atH i?fte?tei? fifmt mitf mt i 'at it?ei cit m tHm?f fiitHmfHimS?te f m cmit?tijiift
mne^m^-nêmi .ait'ss-ifi cmtim iromm
m 'at?ii ?nut iHc ?tc?, m?t f?t i t l i w * i i mt I tfi fftfiei c m f^-ifm fit?i fH i m mt i
t.H*Ab- tnffHfcm
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Contents
f m mr ( i H m if? fHHm- fit imr, 11 S h (tnrfi tn f i ^ , ^î" '^^ ^ ^^f^

^tc i f n n w n t H S h i f n w f ^ 1 ff? H c m fm fH?- 2 ( H cm cit f i e i i atm i H h H e n H H mm
nt? Hm n n t H ffi c m n t ? m^st^ n 1 ffi f i WH m n ? - m t?tt i ? h tnti 'itn 1
vs i m n t i t ' s f 1 ?tc H=t< fj? i f m c m fH H f'mfifen I t n f H ?tc mten ni (itit?- m
c n H t . . . . 1" 111-11?) mt ^-11 (ii) G ' f?? (nf)-n ^tfiHmi (^fi
.iit f^ I'fH n n f . i t t w H c n i H m c n f ' m f i H w ?

'SH f ' i t f - f ) 'ilt nfcn Sm ?? I lilt?- 's itiit?--'a?
i s f t?tt CI, I t i t ? mitm m itei itm m i t SerH
m s f l i n t ititf? He? i f i g t it3Ft^ ' i t i f H i t ^ H
^ t H H e i I 'at afiesf mmen i h ?te ci? ci?
m 1tH m , f ' t f i f 11 ifigm cm nil ntm
<fi?icn CI, I t m ? ? s n mti (itim?-)-'a? fiemt im
c n Ht, m i l Tfei? ? T m f c n i t e H c i atm i c n
iH??ri I
Ht, n t 'ilt itf i f n t e n c i , f ? i t c n i m f H n (^)
'atte? fmfif 11 i n ilftl?ci 'at i f i H f m i f i e n
tntm 'iiH'i-'ifn (ji^^ c i l > i - l o i ) , ' s H w n (^j)
CI, ffi 'Itfn '3 mfi nt tm n i mew? cm Se^m's
t i t f n m i s f iHc ?tci I
m iiein ' i t H n f c n i c m mt ( m ) ^ ( f ^ ) - ' ^
?ic? i f i ^ r m ?Tritc? i H c n .at lenm n 'at Hi'itm wn cn I f ' m f i f e n mrs 'ititnf:;? i f i
'i|ii>tt?lfl.i CI, f f ^ m t c s ? fifiel ^tf^ ' S i f ff m r t i i t ^ fi?--citHite? f i H m nt n r m f i m (H-m) h:h m
vii'irm Sis? n m f t t itst^ ni (I'm) it2Ftw H i ' i t H c i f f i i m e ? frnmi 1 fmt itfit c? m mew? Hemi
mt^ fi'lt 1 t ^ H I ' I T H 11n lilt fiofi H i ' i t H atm i f i m n tm ^1 mr (111) f i i nt lat i t ? e i t
?tc I t f i f ? i t e n fim fft n, m t f i fi? if?H tntf ?fi?tei CI, .at mw 1 ? 1 5ii c i t m mw f i e i i
n t e w |5 m-fiH n r - i i e n m i ^ h i t e i ('itn ? t m e i m?t c i t f i i m e ? H f (m?) nt mt iff'if ? f i m e i
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f n f f i i e n i t m f ? nfi if i t s ^ c? i f f i t e i , f m f n t i i H f i c i ' 3 H I t f i t mm f n 5 H c f i t t c i ' 3 H f ? f H f t i
Shci m ? m i c n 1 c m t tm t H e n f i i ititn iHt ti--mi f i e m t ifnt im, H m m m 1 cmr ti--mi
llff?^ 1??? fnf?Ptt ^'sH 1 l f ? H l ^ H le I f H t -?t^ ? s m -1 fic<M>--5H mm itei 1
t H H f m i c n H CI, H f ? iim?ei cifte H e ? 1 .at ' ( v a ) H ' i ' S i t ? t * t i s f'mfifen 'iti>ff mmf
? l ? e i tmt H t H mf^ 4?i i f i e i f m i c n HH t m 'at CI, m i m 'ipfm cmi i f i e ? cit fmfn 'mns
itst?^ n i He? H n ?n IC? I fmt l e n , ilft?t'ititti if?e? I c? ? i f ^ Iffm H ? ? f^rm ?'sm n ' 3 H ifie? h
5 f mt ClH m i e ? ; e? f f n i i t H e i m m m e i t m 'CI -wi?t^tci aten ifie? 1 fnttfmcn ? m T lat c?, itm?
i f i e n mtf&Hc HHen (d. o i e a i y , S f m-, i t f i t i f - t m'mm ri itew? wm ifsitcn CT aff;fH fiitcn Sm
tlHl, f i i 8 ) I mtt I t n ? ?tc?; firm cmi Hsiem:? atfmti Htcn
(?) 'Itff 8 f'tf?fen c i l f i i ' i t ^ t H H 5 e n ich tH nt H f Hf%; H H t ItH cmi i f i e ? 1 m ? f e n i h ?tc
ftf? i f f < f H i ' i t H n t ^%fi ^tf^ H i ' i t m ff%e CI? CI? i f ? i H f t H f f i f i H e ^ nt iHmei ci, itit?? Sn
imt f i w e n c i _ i t ? f ' i - ' m f i '3H'-f'sfi Hien 1 ifi's tm i i H ? t i CI, fH f m m't^ mmcnci -it'sm (affm)
m f n m i t ^ t ' i t i t e i 'mfii ?Hh w t o m , fif ftf?H 'a?titfm 'nt?itfei?ei itf% atm ifien 1 i i i f e w ? w H
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mm? ' I t f i i ' f H t tH wt't? IC? CI, I t m ? m e n fieii mm H n ?m mm?? wh iiH?t< r
f i e n n t i s n m i i e i S^ i m t e ? ? m if% f i e n 1. ( 8 ) HiHiifi Hnti-mHmmn 8 t?t? m f ^'s
c i f s i H m i H f f mfi n t CI t m f I t H Hi IC? mm tnten m'ttei laiH cf f f i f ^ t i ? i 1 affîei^ t?tcn lat
c?m?t i f n t I t e i 1 Shc c m tm tm? H i H e i 1 .iit nH ' I t f i i m -nei i .an m f e c? fci t m i f f i i f i t e i
m?e1t CI c n i t e w ? m i f s H e n i f n t f ?? n t m? fif c^ I t e i ' S i t ? ifnt I f c i tm mtf H ?tci ?-gmftfci?
m e w ? m IfH c m i i e ? 1 m t f'tf?fen ni 'iit itt? ie CI m f e H i f i i f f n nt H atf^ ic< i t f i ? 1 cmt
c?, mp "ît tm m?t?f? ftt, Itm? m'mm i c n 1 t?t mm I f e ? tmei? Htsnn ie!6^ itt; fif I t m ? ? atH t m
I t f t H f ? ft? i t i t i f ? H t H c ? m f i , HH IC? I mm? h cmi 't?rci H ?tc H f t ? ^c'3 cn -itt 1 f'mfifen
I t m i Itew? t ^ i c n n t H Sm fieii cn, n t itm?? ie fii ifm'sm?'an mei H H H f ^ f i ? - n fit 113
S i c ? 'QifHr? .ilt CI, fH H?r Hi iHen t?t ?tm m t e n itm m, I t m i f n 'sh? S h ?tc f n itm's i t e i 1 lat
wu i f i e n 1 Sm S n HH 4!5^t efm f ' m f i f m i - H w r ? c H H ^ '^fm 'Qite?? fi i j f w e i -mfi-1 -?m t ? 1 f i i m
t n t f Hhu?
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s f ^ t e ^ ^TO \a ^Tp?-;')? sf^R'ff m^ "^H 1 t ^ f ?t Rt iiisit?^ c^fRe?5 ^ M ? afe?tw? i wt? ate?twe?? wlt
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^'lf?%R? tftR Rl'SFTS ^TOs^ft? ^ t ? WtCRtET?! atRCf .atfiJt R t ^fê? I
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^ t tt'SRt TO Rt TO^ t r o 'le? -ilt f W ? WteRt5?t'3 A? 's[t4tM ( ? ^ ) A'sTO wftff wtflAt? ^ te\51 tAte^
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tAt?t iflil? WSJR? A? C?, tAf t ^ ^ ^tRle?? f???Ri5eA? sn;?j ?^R^5eA^ Re?T lii^f^) ^ I ^ w?^ (w\^) r c a , '^K
atstR Rtf?? f w ? ? ?if C?? (g. W l A T O Wtft?, ÂtR-t11ti), w M t 'S * ? R % I ( A t f ^ ) I tAt?t ^?WtRe4 ? 5 l f t 5 I ?Rt fW^
v a t , Ai) i tAt RT c?, ^?wl? Rtfteif fR?n^^tA? ^ Rtt; Rc? 4 M I wtR-Rfê?? get ^'tf?#tt f?et? R t TOII
e? wtsriA? ' S T O ^ ? (wtâRt^-t tRtftRTt) ^?wt? 'S wtR-RfiigR R??5tftie? tAte?? ' j k t i ? ? f t 4e?? TO? RtTOt
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# ? t ? t t , f^^ "4tRtR R?*t^ RtRTtR ?lAt<f ^ T O WteRt5?t ?!?t AiA f t . R C ? t r ^ ^f?Wle?? ' w T ^ ^ I T O aRttT C T O t t C P R mi.
At?t rte?5 tAr 1 ? ^ t s 'tRR, Atrtr, t r o t , Rtsr', ?tRi?, 5'tf?^tt tArc?5 w j a t t M 4e?? RtAte ff? R?RtTOte4
?5tRtR I S[WtRfRRt ^ ^5Rtf%At WtltA^ M l C 4 ^ Rtts^WR lilt wT^'lRt stAt ?5f?e ? t ? T 4e?? I wtR-Rt''^ a t t r ^ t t e ^
fR"5Fl-ii|? t t T 4e?, TOTf^ 5'Wtf%'Rt WtfftA? fR'^tros lilt R C ? tig fRct? c?, tAt^ c?? ÂtM', *wtM, Jpt^tA
liieTOle? w f t T O 4e? lit?? ?eR c?, wtwiA cfet? ?t, e??'s Rt 4MR?e?5 ^Fifrot wtfl^'R-'5'f?%?? f?etit wi?lt?t cfi? c?,
TO? ff? W f l R 4e?? ? M ' 3 a t R t t Rtt t T f f R I l'tf?^net c?.c4R ?Tf^ ttR?J ,^wi?e?5 M r ?#e? ?t wtttfte tAt?
a f ^ ^frore^ C?, lilt f R ? t W9t?t Wt'SRTtF ^ ^ Wt^tA^ R t ^ itAteRttT Ate? Rt i tAt i&fAtfMte? afsitM C?, WtR-
?t Rt W T W A ^ . ?Te? w f M M ? l'tR'^tt tAte?? srt'-ij? ^dcT^' ^?wte?? RtR'wtRR cwm w c a ^ ?ii?i?tf
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lf?ai R'StTOf?lT? ^ >ii|jC?l t f e RCA I C4??t ? f ^ ^ ?^RêA^ 'WtfRRC?s ? # 4 M CWRtlTO 1?e^t TOt A?I i t T O WIATO
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W f % ^ TOt are?tW?, ? ? R atff^ ^ ^ C ? WtRtRt ?t f^ ? ^ l l i R ? '3?ttf|;?5' f?stA8 l i t tîf.w?itA ?tet? I wtR-'3?ftf|;?>'-iiR
t?Rt^ f?'Se?5R
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f f t m i t H t ? mHi t n ît?mt fm?rln^ fm's f ? 5 t ^ ' i - i ^ ' mt iti-wfHw iM-tfîH m mif?

^ H f m H t m ?ti: mt m m m t n i t ? i t m t n 'itm'i- mnt, iH-tifm'if m itif'i-m'm, itif "i
fpr ^fttH w m t mr I cifsmt mmH^ ' m H i t t H w m f i m mt I t f i f f "i-f'mfnt mt icn i f'mfif cinei?
'mfHt? f ? Item i fmt ^smHi" H i t ? m n w i m srm^ mmi *Rtiaft ?t?lci i i H maH mmei tlmti
i n m ^ me,f?tm t H m r t iHt m u n m m i - mm fi|4e^ i m mim f^tmei, cm n f 'm?gM-mn-
f o f e m H i lat H m ' s He^ i H i m H i 5 t i (mfH f m i t m m ?Ht<f i t i - f i f f itfamH'-m'8fi 'sm'i-'if^,
HmH Itdtnt? m j g. m ? m m f i , f ?i'i-tiiTti, Hm^'1-itwf' f i ' i - ^ ^ H'-tffi; Sf'i-itntfi (?)-
8 - 8 8 , i - b i - ^ o ? ; f ^ t m m f w t , mi-iimHai' tntfimt, m mt mi'1-SfHt'l-itnt I
m i l f i r n i i m t i ; H t i f , t f ^ - m m , ft. ? b - , v s o - v s i ) i f *mfîien l u t i r f i i "it^tm t t?tm itmi ffwm
t m I W irsf f ' m f i f w ? H n a mi mr i c n f c i m?tcn fimi i f i * I t , 'smflen mmm i f t m iH, t?fi
^ n m m f H mr m?t n m ' s m n t c n i f t * i m t w i mif?- ' m f - m I t n t m (i^fft fi len mm c m
n m i m n ^ i i mit?? Hm:? stH i f n f H i S m f i e ? i - f f w mmt m ) ; i f ( i ) - m ' mf^ ^ e ^ s cwi^s
t m d i m f i c n I f f ' I t f i t i - ^ f # t ' s f i fsj I t f f'mfifm ' i f f i e i Hwai I t f i I
m f ^ I i f i - w t t ? mitm: lilt?? Hm i ^ t f n t Sm f'm f ' m f n t e n i i e ? s i i i t cn iHm fe? mm
c m Iti; Sm ^tc cmi i t ?i?it it m ?? m i i^pimc? f'm mgm n e i f i i d i t a t e m m i c i iH i iHs f i t
c? m Hrmc? i t H m t ^ itci tm if^sm^ ( ' s m f ) T p g m a(fie^ msH m^îfm n , ? i ? 'Sim (m) 's
IC? m t ?tit'8 ( i ? i t H ) IC? I t m Ttc? i f t * m m ??? ' I t f (m)-? fcn m w t i f i c i t i e m e n i m mmen
i t f 3 5 CI, Sm ?te ^ n ^c mc? m i m i m i m n H n a t m i if^mfn mt s^ m e i f ' i t e n e i tff"i-mmen
c?f? m i litt f H n f i i file? H I t e n ci, ? i . ( ' ^ ) irdtbiiii I t m mt m I fif m e n f i i o e n lesf icsf f ' i t e n
H ? t?t ftm? mm ?t?ifli ci, ? f ( ^ ) m m msrm fiHg n tfwti iti2Ptw mtme? f?ei? fnt i e ? i ii?f1-
Svg? i f ? m m ^ m it ?te me? n t ?t?t c m m f i i e n f ^ m i - m t f i T e ? if? m?ten n f e m i f imtm
i n n ftfte? ?ief Itfie ite? i S m ^ 5 i f ^ i t H m ? m ? i ftitif m tftit itiiPtw i j t m e ? c n t c n i mmci? i m i
d i m i f % f ^ m Hm m?t me? S n iffm^ ?fim Iflt CI, f i m i t e ? atf m n f i e n 'iff (m) m t f m n
iiT mm m n ât i f f i e ^ ift ?i f i i M i itci n t Sm f m i m i i I Iflt i t ? e i t f m s t t i t f (m)-? i n f i f m n
?jf%e?eim I f f f l ^ "tci .1 t m w Sme ?ftmei f i ? i Q i 1 ? l f I i e i f?m. i e ? I m?ten i e titili's i f e n
(wt'sm) 's mii C i t m ) , it?ei itit? m'mm i H c f ? in? fimti, fif m?f1 - f ^ c m i f i i e i fimti ?fim
m H Hit ifim f H ifim men (D. Oleary, i t n t m - I t e m I t?ten nr ?tc c i ? itm tmiii ?tc f f w m
t.t^, f ii'Jj-iii) I atmi's t m e n e i m?f? ^ l e n ifimf ?Hm m ?# i
i t ^ ' i - l f t n i t i - ' i t i t i (f. ? ? i H.)-ci m t mnten f ' I T t f m i i i f K ? ICIT 'mH mt' ^ m 'siff<
stfitm ?fim m i m mt I iTm i m tijf f ' m f i f ^ d i iti'itm, i t ? t e i m?ten f i i 5 fen m 'siff H.) 's iti-wfftw (f. ?*(? H.) I m i m imen atfn; m ?tc ?m if?m mm f i i i ^ mei im
f'tf?f 'itfiien icm Seiiemii ? t d i H f ? t ^ ' i - f "mfn H i t a t m i lie? I f ? i t e n mtm mtitems 11^'1-î^te?
(^. ? i o H.), i f f f i t i t i - f ? m , f i r m t n ' ^ - ^ t n t i , if? f ' i t e n i i t 5 f i j ?ftftei i cm cm mte? m'fen
'it5'i-îtn mi-if?jt- (fittf'i-tifii?-m ateim), c n a m?ten f i e n nrt I f c i I
i t i - m f ( ^ . i f e H.) 's i i ? m t n i f f (5. ? 8 o i f i t n t i m ifimti Hie? f ' m i f ' t f i f e n i c m i
H.) I s? imen icm it<?i m t ? f ' m f i f i m IC? 1 cm I t i t ? ? fill ? t i ^5i?t? imt, f ?m f t ,
^^H? liiiH i m , m m i m i m ifii? m^?mf i I t m - t mil ( i w f i f t m)-m ifffH; fiim ^ i t f i m e
c i d t ^ f i n i mm i f i i atmfi i . t i m i t ^ f n t c n itit?ci cifte m m iftfH; i ^ i t e ? t i - i e n if?f&H,
Hi'itm i f i i atm's atm i f ? i 11 îiiH? m t m , i^tm^s t^m3jiiit?mnm
f ' t f i % n atfi^ 4 i t i f s ^smfid tn'ii^'^''2tti^cn <M?t?f ScRfu's m i m i m mt H?H (f'mti H-mim
i m 2tc fit<[ iiiifH'i-f?fw'm, f?st<['-t'sm, fim^'i- m " I t n ) ifiit t i T ifim m t i t e i s f i t ' s f ' m f i f e n
itifim^ ?f?m'i-itifiiftn, fitf m'ltH'i-f-mm, i c m f i i ?ft?tei I i t ? m I t f i (f?l'i-tnti, i , ?'5s'^)
fimî'i-tm? H ' f - m ' s f T T -am'i-'mn, f i m f " f - i t f i t m f i f s t ? t e n , I t H f ' m t m f w i ? mmifiim i f f t m i
m'f?*ftt'i-?ti'-m m n i j ? m m m i m - i f ^ r*tt<i'i- tntfi t n i t ? t f 5 - m 41 Hm^'i-itf n B t m d i f n
t m f fiêm
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Contents
twf-im
>R^l(i n H c n f ' t H % n m m t s n c ^ HHi cim H.)-n Sn u^ fll I tm i m itm itini?ui itei

4 1 i H c ^ f l 14^ ?t^, S ^ 4tmlMi>i5i? C I it?m H i 5 ^c nutf?, 8< ftwf tmf ?te I t w I W t^'1-ititen
4?i l i m c i ? f ' n t i f ' i H % n H # ^c m f ' m M t t i?f?s, 4 f i f i ii1i ftfte? ^fim itficei i tmi
f'nen ?tc^? cim cim mH ^ ; i , f ^ t H f t t I t f i f f ? <t>c?4n5 4 t s^ten m ?te ?m fttitei mt
m t e n H i 5 ?te n ^ i m n t i 4?t i f n t e i i n ? i m f m I t l M f " l - t n t f l T f l n W 8 tif"1-411 ICVt? 4 t f l 'S
n f e n ie m H i ?ti, f n t t f "tH%m H i 5 ^ e * .at 4 1 1 fiim imm?e?? tfmen 'Q?'^ ff Sn ? f i ? t mm

smm 4?t i H i t e i I f'n-t i m H u m 4 H ^ i t n t n im n I n f i - ^ t i t i n i - i t i ' n f 4iit f'mfif 'n^'i-
' n f (trnti w f i t e n r n t ) ' s i i H i t n i T s t m Hmi H e n ' s m ^ m n f ' i t f m - ^ ^ t ? (^. H.) f ^ flcn mt
n s . t i t l w f i t e n f m m m ft c m i H i i ? t i m f m 4 t i f n 4 f ^ t t m ^mn ?tmfli'i fH tifî-
n t i t I t e i I t I n m i f'lHf f ' n e n tmT' (t?ten ^ itm's t1in imen f ^ iti-^?mt ?tc 4?t icn,
' n ^ ) iiten 4 1 ^ H e n ( n i - i t ? m t % m r i t n fif Hwf iei i4iff*ttc? mfn mm wtH' nfwcn
t n ' n % m m n f'îHf Hen) i f t i t H c m c i ^ fnte? i m m ?tif tfmti ^?tc t ' s m cimtt ifnt
.Itf f a m ^ - m f c n f H J Henstei ^ i c i t t i n t f a m f fiew? i n f impr^ ?te 'sm len mt f'mfifen
f : n ctfet i t H s i t f t-f'tHf itHi ( ^ ^ " i - t n m , 8 i , fime^ i f m i f m ?= icn 14fie^ t?tfli i t ^ f m - f ^
iSfl) 1 'sm'1-wtmite? m n Htw, mm tntf fH?m fim?
4iTt f ' n m t i H i e n i c u H i t i tm'^-^tim, It 1 ^ I .at mnten ' 2 ? f ^ .at m, S?t mm 4 H I I J
1t?t1f^s-11, i t f i m - f i ff n t m f I t e n Seaieitu f'mfifen imnei m?tent i f i - 4 i f t mm 4Trm ic? i
i r f ^ - i t e n m - H f , W t mtnt's-g^t I t H i I t m I iH's cit fet it?f'i-ffte? ftwi im^s 4 i T r
itsmtHst 8 f ' n e n n e i t n t ' i f i e i ciei i t t M t c n m^n'-'t?'tf's iti-itfff's 'm>ttfgm? wtc
n e i t n t I I H H I "5tit ie i i t f i f t t n m 4ffi n n 4fif% It if?eflen (.at^îf f ? itcitnt ic? itfieei),
c i f t i , I t m t f & 3 t ' s i r n i e ^ 4 H ie?, n t n t i - i t f i ' s fif .at cm3} n j ' i - ? r m i f i - i f l ' i t f fir ffnt ilfi
l f i - n ? i t e n 4H i f i i Snt^ fli iH i f i f m n's ?5cn mt i m 4 m i f n ? T t n f ^ t f mn t m Itntf?
'nf (it)-i m f i (Itfii) Itfiit m m ii?pfe .at #um t f ? ! ! ?te f^tmen fiei 4jt?i mt itie^
i c n S m n I 'at n ? i t ' n f (?t)-i i f i t f e n n r ?te .ilt m f m Htm fite? 's cit^! it?ei itfi n cit
m t c n I i t f i f e n i l i i f i i i m f f i ift f l i n t nite? .^H?tfi4 cm f%f%e fii ?m i f i i i ?tm 4 f ? m
t ? t e n f & 3 t ' s n m H 4 H f H l t i H c i i?tenei t i ^
mt CI, fH mimei mtm if?ei mt m wtH'Si-
i t i t H i t m n 1 fe? fe? t ? l m ie?T i c n i c n f H ??,
itife?? 4 f i ^ itHt m ^ i t f tnt^ tntfi t n n ? m
m t e n n e n t l i w * ' n ^ .at f l l ci, i f ? t m i i f
m - m ' o m f ? iwfiei Sie?mHei I m lat f^^rmS?ki
?Tf%5 I t f i ? I I t f i f e n I ? T ?tc m t f i i l ? ( i t f i ' t n
i f n t c m m i t H t t , fi? <t<t H . ) n e i t n t l i t f i i n i 'aitei tm i 3 e ? tfmti-m 4 H fit's f?lf^ 's it^#t?ci?
t?ten t i l ' n ^ t m Seal i ? t ?itcei? if?t'sil?c H fim 4 H n 4 e n fH n n t fH f e ? fe? ttnti ttc
?jf%5 ?ifi? n t C I fiit-t t n t f n t ?ftf, c i f 5 ? f n m m t e i fm f^?icH? fiiSiff ?tc Item, m fH temfm
Itfie?; I t m t w t i t i i n t f i ^ s f f e n fc^ i t i 2 t ? t ifimtei m v 3 fii? 's ?ifem iitfH f^mt len i t mt
tmt n e i t I t f i ? ; c i t m itfif's i t f i ? irmt f?if^-en nrf ifitf fH 'itmtcn lun^s icn i t i
fi?^mfei? f i t f i i t i f i m Ifiici'jc? i ? i m I C ? ; H m t f e n tfnti ifini iHm n t m m f i f mt ?te mtm
(tmf f i H i ^tci's) 9^ 's f e n ?jt i ? t t ? i ; tH?it ^fim m mt m ô/%8\ mm tifmi icn i mimei
w t t ? IC?, I t i m , I t I t e w I fiewen n i ^ ? m w u fîfif? Itfim fH mfi' ' 8 f i i ? f i i e ? ' 8 ^ i i i e n I
t?? m t m e l t rmt i t f ( U ) ?tf S m n e n f i ? ^
fîfnteii tmi mitf'aiwi S^ ifen cin ficn (cm cm
I t m ftf?i tm? ?nr?f? itut m m i w c ^ ) i
(>s) i t i f ' t f t (iti'îf^?ji) 8 i m m f I f l t m - mrmf "i-tnffnlti m m im mrtu 4 f i ^ 4 i ?ti
f s f ' s i T H c n f t ?tc n?f'f-fs[t m'l-wtif'n n m t l f l 1 - f ? l T H ' l - i t f i , ff?1 lee; fimf'l-fm';
' a i m fustft?en f c u t I t ie? i m t e n { k m i m fim^'1-Hmi, .fit^'i-twfmi; m - t m t SfHm-
f'tHfen i j t m ' s H f f c n fi?i:^ w i t e n 4tfîil f l i fimm, fiitm f tff?ifH'i-itH f tiH'i-itm mt
m ?tff?i ?Ttm I i i i - f t ' 8 ? t f i i ' I t f i i ' s i t f ? e n e i t?f m m f ^ f l mmnên 4Jtutn fifr mtu
f m H i 3 ? f l e n m t m f o i f c n f m n , m m itf?f I i r f i v s titl I t i ' i t f H w t 4 t m m m t n
iffi-^tm 'nf t n t n f t i m - i t f i t f {^ô-ôô (?)-m icn ifmf ifim emit icn [fimfi-tmrn
t m f fifcm
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V[4'|Wt|5ft 5., RtAte tfR ft? tîf? (RtTRl4) ^TttTT 2tRt? AR1R??T M t T O ^ A?, RtAt?t 'Wt^-^ Rt?s^ ^tC?
?#?lTeiR], M tAf? fwTTOt A W f t TO-Ate? CRJT lil^tf WT^ TOirf'tleTO TO? RtAtC<i? WtCRt^TO t M C R g a f ? R ^
a t M ; Rt ?#: tte? Rtt, ?ls A W ^ RtRAjW tAt? M t % tR'i^'f I R T ^ - ^ - f ? wtirfbs lilt t w M af5te? t??fe f M
R?tTt 2 f p I W t J Rtf^*^ RtRAtW tAt^ M t T O t ?Jtt4 spfj^ iSfAfê??! TAt?R^'STAt?''g#fTe'T?'5etWtR'Wtfte??
Rt TO TO? A W f t TOAtW tAtl W^pttf tt^Rt TO ((RSR f?^ R t M A? I W t R - R t t M t ^ fRt? lilt t ^
R t M t t f ^ Wt^-^5?WT^, -ij. bri^b tA.) I ' M ' ^ TOAtTR? t r o ti?t^ (?) Ate afAt TO? I
a|M WtfWtft M t T O RtR M ? M A^R: Wt^ RtA^ WtR- tR^'^-^tmesi? t M t c R wt??T iif4f?e?s i5'tf?^ R^ TO?
R l ^ , Wti; RtTO 4 l W t R , Wti; TOtR WtR-RT^Rtft, A l M ' W ? T 1 W AtRf?-?T, 5[wt^#r5rt. ^ R t M t ^TCR? ^ t t t t i
W t ^ T O ^ WtR-^f?Wtft, Wt^'ÂWT Wt'-1?tlt, Wt^ "Wt^MlA l'tf?^tt wt^tA^ IMt wft^T? ^ M lil?? A'H?-f
^wi^jf*!*!! wtitA? fR'?pre4 y^ tR-4te? w p i t t t r i
Wt-!*^, Wt!['R-AlRtR WtR-RtMt, Wt^Rt^? WtR-Rtf%lt^,
tsrlR WTR'Wtft? t ^ ^ l i M M R t^tAC?? R?T?f ^
Wt^ tRAl4'WlR-tpptlt*^, Wt^ TO^ t ^ ' ? ^ T O , t r o t t ? ! ^
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tiK t%ttm ( i f f l H'l-iii?) mr cut I f t c ? , f'mfifen ' i t i f i t i ^ (ti-m-t ?ff, inii,

flmwife 'S f?1-^H4H ^ t i t m Itmf? ; 's-u'i ' S i t 'smti, ntfit? fii-itfmt, i t f f i - i t i ' i t i )
ifmt mitft wn wt?ij|t mim ifmm i t ; i m mnri mtS?ten mei m'iffcn i i t f i T ' s 4em? ifnên
mit wtmtw 4m i m I t n n wu ^ f f i It;?; m n f?mf? itcitnm w u f. m m itfi, ^?i'i-tnm,
nfiT I f , cm wt^, w p ^ , frnm)- twrfi I T ( ? I ^ - ) ; 81, I
t i ' s m n til mi?? t m iR itHft; f i m m t n t m m'ltf? n (m-itfi-iff uf) tm mmen

Itm i m i t ' ^ (w^) ; m 'sitfwm, ititHi t?m "G f m nfcn 4 5 t e n cwm i f ff m t{?tei
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It ific Ittm I t I mmt f m n f^tci i f n i ifnt f? 4 f n i tif? f ?m uf ifitnteij S^ ^sen ?nmf
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mt?? fiitci i f f m it? I t 1 rm i t f f i m itif^- (8) itff f i l l s ttntmen wie it?f1-fîr?
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mtfi' ( f ? m ? i f i ) - m i t c t i t e t " i t m i " ( f f e ) - m

atfwoi S?Rfm Itu m n 1 u s i m ftt mtfff w^km S1?^3 f i n m f i m .îit i e c i , Sm i f f "ife? m f c i ? t c ?
mt Hmf? t m t i m ^ m H m M f ' ^ - m ^ f i ^ i m i : ' i - m t tH? H i 5 c ? m i c i t m I t f f f i m w 4 ? t mm t??
i m t i m - n ^ f n t - c ' f i m m stHm mi i m m i t f ' m H c m f ^ ^ c ? H i f ? i t c i ? T f f ? m f ? i m ciseuro
t m i m f f f f i f ? , ' S f f " i - f i f ? 'Sf-fm-frm? ffi .at f f i n n 4 f i ? i c n c i , f t i t f i H (?iii5)-ci5
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t?m i m t m m t f i m ? m'fiii'i-^?mi; Hmi'i- S e a l l i n t e n c i t s f i e i t i - i f f f f i f i - i f l ' i t f ? ijftf
v i i 4 ' M h f i * i - m m i (mm' mi'mf?*i-m?iH? 'Qm*i-H?fm) i i?m? fienf s (i) i f i i e n ^ f i ( m i )f (nr)? t i
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t H l I t f m f m (?)-? f e m m m i m e i ? 4f% ^ ?tf5tmeii
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m t Sm? I t H m 4?t 4fiittcn I cmmf Se?? f^mmm? icm
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t ? t 4 f i ^ I i f l m s mi c?, i t i - i t f f f t m i m'wiei? .iit ifHs t m f m l e n CI, I f i i e n . S ' S f t Hft ?.Qm
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t m f fiêm
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î?%i^ w t f ^ A?i Rt, \<^m>e w t f ^ A ' S T i m (wit, M t R A , Rte?r i^!8 1A.) I Rt^^Mtt tR-sFt ersftf^ 4f??1e^
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( 8 ) ?TRle?s tA:R^:^R1?r RtltC? ?st Cff>8Rf i2tRt3f g ( 1 ) ?t%rT "SRTATO S t P s R l M ^ ^'Tf?%R? Re?'
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!At? 'STOR c t R l ^ 4f?e tie??, ste W M A 1f? iAte41?w ?TO w t 4 M fê?RTO?t ^ 4f?eR lAt?
t i t wi?tft t t ^ a t r o ?5f?e?? I e? rAl^ f5?fê?? TOT w i A t ^
wTAt? fATOt tf??? ?5e?R Rt TO? lAr? 'S?TTO iR5t??it
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() wtfiA"^'^nRl^MFl^ s ^'ll?it '=tite? wtutAa fîRTOiefR ?e?T flRt^Fte ? 1 t ^ Cte? iiR??t^^Rt?lR sttR
tR?t w f t ^ R ?5f?e? I !AlCM Re wi^tA? ?1 ( R ^ ) 'S ^ t ^ t t I S t H l M t g ?eR (R, RHe?? RTiRt :4r? R=tTfie??
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?nw 1?W t ^ R t T ^ 4f??T tTe4 lil?? lAt? ^4te?? RIA
Rte? iSll^Q^, ^ ? W R Rt#R*C? R?sR I R I F T ( C ? R ? ^??1,
WtftlA^ C4t? R T R t 1 lilt 'TOet JStAtRt Wt^lA^ T 4 %
t^jR, 7(1?', ?tRi?)-iR ^ e f t wie^"?['1t?%R? ste ^ A I ? R ^ I ^
w f t 4 R 4 % ? I ^'tf?#gT l i t 'wr#tRf C t R t ^^f?eR C?,
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t. f?. tRRt^t?te?t?
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Contents
H i e itfTO mf m m cit t f ^ icit ^ t H ffw n m in, mim itie Iff?, mr-itfff? nrf f^ m i f f
m t ? Hfcn I T O iTfiiim I m m , I f f i S ^ fft^ (imcitnt^), mfiei m--i?if ti'smnmit stm
i f ^ melt m^ i*im n i t m-rniSmrni Sn ife 4tfmemu m icn ( f . mgn 'mf, Tahawism f #
Itci iff. C I cm mt i#ci m t isfmm itci nitc? sm, M:M. Sharif imtti A. History of Muslim
m m t ^ m f i m mci i itfcn m i mem fwti nt Philosophy, ii) i
m n mem itf% S ^ ife atment m i mtr^fenie
m< mei mi ^ ft-ifm i t i ^ ftfmsrfm (mife) c-iei t ' r j ' i - i t i n 8 4 t c m t m f c m ^ tf5*i-
nt t?f Hfcn icttj miimtien w f i t ^ itei i miftH mmen mtn ??, t i f mi-mifn, fien if?m c m
ifflffnt-i imten icu i t < m ? t i , mif%t mi imtun m ijtitm ?]fwf? mi ?? it?ten meitnt ?jfe?ei
c n s r itdlic^mrt n m m iei m;? i t [nt ât mei 'Sifit* tif"i-mten tf?n w f < mfim m i lat 4iTt m f ^
rnilitlen s^ mitei f i f f t m * i - m n (iîten fiei fien t n ? i ^ O-; ^- t?.) t n H I I ( f . ) i c m
m f t ) ifiit miitfis ifntcnl i m fiei ifftffnt m i tffi-itm fiie^ c^tHm- m i m .at f l i c i , .at c i e i
me? c T O f itfiei imtm I C I I C ? I mtteii f i i 5 itfmi t'fiii it^tîw timf!?? S n i f i i memnt-iifdtnt ^
nm I t f i f mit?? t5tifie^ imtfi mt, mil mgen m n t fit^ icn m^'s 1 1 fif I fmt m f # n ficn
f ? I t ? imei m f i m mei-i cmtit m?jei iti-iîm fm fftiaei? in? 'tff*i-miten cn S ^ itfi n m t i
i?t?t?teii m r - m ? i f ?tc t n ?t^f?i'*iii t n ?nt "Sfi 'mjiim
(s) n m fiiiR?itv4,? m ' f f i ( i T f i T t ) 8 itfffnt mn icn n t S?te .a^ frm#ff if icn ci, itti
f ?mci^?ff mif?? fiit mitif f m ie?i i i?tei? (*(feiihit) Hie? mmt 41 m nife fien m?te 4#i
m r .at CI, f men mite c? ?, cemt, f f t tmtfn n i iHim i H i n icn n t memi 4ft^ tiie?? S^TI??I
Sell mit?? lie? mr i ? t ?t?lc^ mm i m , e? S m
i f i i i?it. u q i i i 3 t mit??t mt mei i t i t i i t f f f ? ie
fi??f mmti f t f t e ? 4m icn i s^ 4ei? m m - i i f ?
fmitf??te? ifii i f mit?? t f i - n Sn iff?t fie ( f . t n ?ti-'si^ " ^ t i f , t f t itfiiti, 'smtmn) I ' ^ ' i -
itm tiie? t n ? 1 ^ - n 4tnii 4i ?ti' titf"i-mfi
m--iR'?}i 8 t i t l mf m'm? m m t f i f?im fi'i-tmi 'sm'i-m^^' 'sm'i-timi i .at 4ei-tif^fi v3
t f t I t i f m - m i f m-t?tf ( f . H . ) - ^ t ^ m m m-?ici? (it^, mnm, mî, i-iiifiii's m?fnt)'lT^tten
fiie? f f f 'm^fm m n t e n m m s|ffm i ffi lenf^ ftmm mfm' i ? t?f 4mtini im ?t?ici i t?f w s?te
atei? ateim fleii i ' m n t i f n e ? tm ffi^ 4t i t ? f f " i - c m 4r? i m 4ti^ tiitf len'm^#ffft's im imei
f ^ ?ti-'siiint (m-'m^fitf''-i?iHirt) i ^t 4ei? meitnt n t f?ten '*tl<îlifc?? f?if? itit'mt ??
l e i i i t f I t ? ? ' I t mm ciit ?t?lc^ ifitfieift i t i 1 ? l f m t , n t S?ten f f e i 4p meitnt'e 4ri tium i lat
cm f i mnten ciissi t m m f ? i f i t (?) m ? f "f-^^tc? 41 t n ?lf-n clf5t i*fiei I t f i i ie? i 4 t 4ieisf fien
stn titi,'f?fi ' m i t t i file?m mi icn) nt tm 4tiifieJttu f^t^ f ' l t f ? Sfes "im imfe tfj'i-ifitcn
itam t m i i f f f5i v3 t i t l f ? T m rni-imtf? femmm t f m c n n ^f i ?? I 'at m i w ir#l? 'a f ? l f i i l i
ijtiTf-firaii ifimen (g. f i i m m - t itmfi'i-fft tf5'i-ititen it? iff Hsim tien i c l i lat
nfi-mrfm) i timf 'mnten tf?ici t m i m f ?ifif c'ftn It I C ? c?, ( t n m ^ - n icifie) ? l f i itm
( ? ) - m n s fien ifit iti ?f?mei (itfffnt? mfm? 4 i t it? IR m IC?" (t^'1-itm, 8S.) I
t?r? f%i 4it?f? i n ciit ?tmei) nt ifi mei, f m t n ?T^-n n c m tff'i-ititen mcgi 'mfii
Itatlfe S f f " ^ . f i 41 m t ifimen, ifms t?ten ficn tn I iti's cit f e i til f*ltif Itfii, cm
4fif%? m m c ^ c m f i f ?-t t m f fli \ mî?ift? I t f i tntitti", it?'^ tif^-itiHmt, fif t n ? t f 4fcn
fsmmm mtci' w t ? mc? mr tin mf ? i f m (?)-? itfs if'sm m , tif t n i i i - n c i ^ t^m m t
4i?f m - H i i i - m i m , m-^smfiiir, m r - ' m H i m'i- m^'i-'smfi ^rtm m?m t n i ^ mt-f-if f (f.
fm'mfii tmtfilunific ^te?i m - i t f f f t m t?.)-ci mf?e%f5fi mfen mfett lum? ifim iu im
? ? I i?tei mmfi? mei tft'i-itmen 4f ^ tie ??
mf ? t f m ( ? ) - n fSm 'a ie? utut ^ f ^ ^ i l i c i H , f i f tm n t t f i ititfim tiiei^ t m nmf (?)-? meiti fftmf
m-mt?if? I C U itfir .at c i , ciitn m - m f f f 41 t?iff'i-ititHm-? isfsm m?tff'-f?tf 4ei?
' m n % men ciêg 1 ^ ' Q ^ 1 ^ ifii^?eivs ff% ftTftc? muei 4m icn I ^ 'fl^^m 4tni it^t? mf ficii
4?1 itnten nt S?tei n m t e ? ?i?m iferten, cntei nt cit l t d I t m f i m .aim 'mHi ficn i tm i ^
m-i?tf c m fm8?f?t mi-fen nf m m icn fll .at CI, ttnt I t f "m n t tvi?c? -^tf^ ?ss i fiti
nt i*ii I i m *(lîi< meimtei c n ' Q ? ^ c n i t r n^fici cinin?f 'a f f f^fsteiimi if?e iif?ei
t n t f fmêm
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H, fsHtHH IFFI TIRTITFCMT*!! I W ITMN aRmwftmof' F^^tmifm Hfg FIEI? S n IT? 'smfifnr? f i m f (^) 05.
StiHi i m , f m 1ii5 H i m TIFTIT timfimff i i 'ib H . ) - n 'ftm?? f?T S ' MCF? i f i i f , f i f TFF"i-itm
m? 1 t^'1-ititw mimtmg? atitH* i m irm^t fif^r*Q t n t f f F 3 t 'Q i t e n tf?TEN cwm m m e n e i tm
nrf fll CT, m LFL cf*T im mm 'mHwm ijc?? ff'Q mte ^^?M I A5?56? ^m?i IT?ITI c m i f mnHmt
fiw? imrnni nt i t i f i i mnmt ^te^'s -irmi CI ITI 'SM f?=f m H f I t , % i o ) m f f i m i e n f c n
I'sm I t n mfi meimt mi'mmi^rn s n ci m m w i ' m f i i t m i n f i f r ' i - f i (f. <î* H . ) - n S e i i
i f i - m i C 1 1 iHmcn Sm fmm mfi ?tc'If (Hif i f i m e n NT f m m t e i FIFimen CI, f ^ m?c ARTIFII
F'LTF, tff"i-itmi, f. bro) 1 f m ITF 'it CI, f i m
ITFCNIFIMI?cmicmn^mitfitmn, (i<ts,mm?I ,ftm I t i H m ? n S ^ f t m SCRFCI FIMM m i H m f i c n ,
m1%5 S h m msm m ici) ciH -^feH? SIMITi%i ciltei fH TFF"^-iim 'a F I I ? f t m m w i AJIJT ' m f i i
1C& (isffs. m f m - n ffiM "8 imcn ft f< ftfte? U t H I t i m NT CN FII 4T ?NT i m I S n m e m t
ITISPNFI) I TÎF'i-itm, i p t H i ' 's ipiisiiJci AFTFI f l 3TE''mfiim
t f j ' i - i t i n fiici tfi f f i - m ^ 4t mci s -SRCITCMI m i l l IFIMEI 1 tatîcit f i m i - ITEN MTi
f i m f ? t m ffLFL- t m f c n . a i w i ATFI^ ' m f i i
JLî^l ^ l ^ l a J I J <ju_>.iJI lit; LojJji:; J J l i l l J.L^ (i)
f t j ' I - f i t i f FI?mfcifiH c n i c n H 4E^ êimâ
f i e n f m e ? c n i l i i t f i i m m fH '^L-ITITEN ATFI^
ITFFi-mtci tft LFL itfitm "8 v h H 4 fiici m 4^ x5[TI-mmHi-N ifitm ' m H i i t f ' m f f m - f i e i
m, -^fîmj l f l , fimm mtt:? m ' f i titH ifaii T? m m m S n t f t f i c n 1 m s s n f n n f ^ m i ? m f c i .
finifs? Sn mcmm iHitcn nt fifimcn CI, m'FCN m^ FII'm 'A 1 - t n t f fSm Â I m m aj^N C?TE?
mit^ ITF?it fiim fidisscn; mmn cmm i t i m t f i f e ? MMT? FII, Sm? f i t f i m WIT c m S^
(it 4C1 t n <pti m m t m tff'i-mm imri mtmnt IITMMTG ?Tfêf? m n e n ATEMWI FII 1 Fmt .at IFEW?
ifimm nt S^ fiici f f nteitnt IFIC: 9m atmen m f i f m f w f f m - t m m i f f m i m m IT?FTF (?) 1^.
orBtiHmcn CI, mmtm nciff m 'mif ntrnm"^ i i o o 8 H.l 4?i i m I -HH 1 - t n t f F I ^ ' m ^ ^ NT
ITFF LITWIT IC? CI, Sm m t ffcn cwm m'FEN ciei f i m w m FII'm â f i t m m R?C* m IF^tff
Hiitf mt F?tf^m mm imif mftji if m i m m m e m i m FNT i m TICI i - t m f F^mmm I F < 3 R ^
' m i f litwiT IC? CI, T?fm 4?ifc? CI Ifimi 'mif ?tm m i lilt AJIESF m m m i f m ( ica), - m i - i t m '
ifiifcn Scsi mci mm mifm nt itntm itnoai 'SM'1-m'm, i i m i f f timH'I--gfsm â m f ?rQmfii-N
iH i4'Ci itiOTff IC? I S e n fienrc? i m mte ITE? I
mi-itfi'm mmftfw'i-mfiif ifi fimfi 4^ mt, f w t i m - t m i l ITF (?)-? f ' m f f t 'mi-T'ti m e i
FIF s?i[c t n 1 1 1 f m FMSF? srminrf afcmi i m 1S^ Hff IFF 4E^ m ? f IFM i m tt? '8?ififj?it? FI?iif
fiitm mmtm, F'mfim mfHijf tTtH i m â fimi lilt LTD " m - f m m t f *f'-ff|m f t-ifî-iR'I-HnîHm-
mei mcitnt im ?t?tici nt fmen ATMI nifei FI FFPT" NT i m FIELD atemwf? ?JFIIF â NTEITNT^ f m
atmfi ifim n fH tm fiw? fe mit?? I F ^ IFÊIHT i m 1 tf? ITE?M fzt tf? ' m ? f ' I - ' m f i S^
ATMI, mFI, LFL- 'mm, IF-mfim oni, mif? i t ^ 'm?f m i t m m i s ?JTIIT AMM i m 1 IRB? ^ p f n m ? m
iniim, "sfiHn, ^fHi fnftm finfH mtci f m n H ?TF^ 'mm t t ? H i - ' m i i t H ' I - w n t f ? S e i i
mif's ITIF i f l i f t C 1 1 IM fiîH iff fntcn r r-FÎITCN I S n m e i e n ' m f i i e n icm f i t 'm?f'I-?rfi
%ii?icnci (in-mms-mtit) tff'i-itiii ? f f f i m i e i f f t n t f ' m n ' t m atH IFIEN ^ CN 1 m-
tinfcn Sn m mi im Sn^teicn 'mfiien m FIFFTF? 'tt^'I-'mittHm-MITFIMTF â mi-m'smf?
fien'Jif^ fll I .itmm:i mifi, ?IFI, fif? iitaSi tt?I'I-miitH'I-'mffi?TT-? S n FIF^ tm f m i ^
itft'Q t ^ l - i t i t e n Sn fif^ .it cien 'mfiim atf? T^'I-ITITCN ITMM? f i i e f ? t WIFAM 1 .at FNE?
4t cut m , citsfi? 'E?5f mftm im m m i lat ^trnj? m 5 ' I - ? i f i FIMIEIFF? ' j n 4I mf--pmfi - i i f m m m
.it Smteien ifstm t n t f f f fnmm Snfii? cma m?-f?IFITF "I-ITNFIITF f t f H ' I - - m f m'mm ?ft?fei 1 t m
n mmtrf? I'Bffim ifwt c m ie? mt, nt Sm f n i g f e tt?WT?m-<ii? FIEMTSFCI CUT ??ntt?TM m t f t
atm 'a arHiH ATn. m lemwe? m m tntf ciei m n t ? fiSm 'mimen I?me? CAMI i m ?? 1 ît ITF^^ m ^
mf^ ^tmei I fmt Sm ateimen m mw^s t m f m i ^ ts^^ff 4EI CIN mm? m ' m m N N WTM n H
cmfc? lifm'ift iâm ?t?T itei i ifi t m f 'a ?TH m e i meimm i f i m e n NT ITNTM'a T^^'I-ITITEI?
t m f fisem
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?TWt's M m e t ? R i m 4R?iic^'T I %t '^^^ (^. Si.Si.b- % ) , W t R - A t M f ' W i R t *tt?fA-'R-'Wt4-t%

TOT wTOR wm^s ^tf^ 'Q?=^'1^4 'wpftm wff, AiTO IR"- 'et^^ltlt^ ; ( i i ) 4 T f t -^WtA 'lRtf ( ^ . i o i i I A . ) ,
(RCA? f i ^ ' ^ t ^ <5ft% Rtat's wfro^wT Rtc^'G tA'^tf-"R-At^ vs?t t ^ 1 ^ ' R - ? t t R - ; ( i A ) W t R - A l M l f "WtRt
îctlMl 4?T At?rtr^; ' ' ^ ' R 4 R f ? w R M îtcîit? *lt^'R-sn'S?lf4-?s ; ( i ) 19' C 5 T t 4 , W t ? - M t R l Y ' P M T
^jTvtiPs <lt ?RT ^?ftr^ I 'Wt?^'R-Ar^ l R T O n R 5 l f t ? MlRt!'R-Rt?tf ^ ^ M - ' W f S R ; ( i 8 ) ' w t ? ^ ' R - R t f W H -
W t R - A l M 'WtRt R T a l A ' ' ^ - ^ ^ " ^ I P I tfsiAtWCt? ( ^ . i A A o I A . ) , R t ' S T f t f - ' ^ ' R - t R A t R t t ^ tA^1f?'R-
4tRtR f??C? Gff^ 'WtRrstW? Ri:*U t l A 'SRttRW^ l R A R t f k 4 t R l R ; (i<J-) i^ C R t ? 5 , ?tlRt'^-t?1^t ; (ib) W t ^ ; R t T O
^ IRf?! ?fA?nr5 1 T T O ^ t r t st^ ^'Sft^ltlA'R- W H - ' ^ f R R (^. i o v o b - 1A.), W t R - W X - ^ 1 ^ ?1?t1?'R-^
RtfRtt-C4 A t ^ ' ^ f??? 'Q?'^'!^ af^ lARtC? ^ tTOTA?I ; M ' ^ ^ Y M ; (i^) ^ l A l ^ ^ ^ H t ? (^. i o b - i % ) ,
(ilt at^ A t ^ - WCtRt tR5'R--4tRtC5I? RfA W M T O AtMf .'WtRt Rt^-'5T-''5It4t't^ ; (ib-) f!? - ^ A t T O ? 1 % (^.
R ^ I ^"Rff i R M t r ^ (R, t t A RitA? t ^ ' R - ^ l R l ? i i o i t A . ) , ^#mt 'WiRt TOfA'R-'5nRtf4?5; (iSi.) ^ ^ I ' R -
f^lCTOtC? M ?b?T ^C?? Rlt, l 4 f ITO 4 ^ s?,^l'$SlR'R-RtfRt1, %t MtRtft OJ. i i o v o % ) , W t R - A l M ' W tRt R t ? ^ - ' R - ' W t 4 l t ?
RtAk ffR ttft'wfCo? w m ? ^ RtRt stTO ^R^lRs^-i, fR'il-m'S?lf ; ( A o ) i^ C R t 4 , W t R - A t M t ' W t R t R t ^ f A ' R -
2tftW fts^'R-^m-'il^ M R (fts^'R-^tRtR, ' J . i b r b r ) I '^5(t4ltiR'^-RtRlMjt ; ( A i ) V f ^ ' l ^ l A M F ( ^ . i i i S i . % ) ,
t t A 'SRiMlrtA (^) ^^tAt<r ^ tRRlRMf^^T? RtftR^ W t R - M ^ I t ^ ' ^ - t R t M tt?fA''R-lATOlt'R-WtfR'Wt ; ( A A )
2|JttItR, tRRt^ ' W t ^ M l ^ atRtt Ât? ?lTOtC4 W 4 t ^ ^Wt?5'R-"S?itAAH 4 7 R t # ( ^ . i i A > b I A . ) , ? 1 A R ^ ' R - R 1 R 1 % , ( W l R -
? # R TOT R M S t R i M TOT? 'Q?5^'l_<f R t M f M ^ M c ^ ? Rt?lf4R5-TO W?[4?T:t tRM, CRt4 't5f5;'R-4tRt?-TO
TO? (Rl*IIC^'T (R, Rtft'^lC? R ? S R ?'3RJ WlRR^T I tf?tRtRl!:A^ ? T t t T t 4 t ? ? t C ^ , ?t?t t i f f R A W 'S R t ? % f ) ; -
^'Sit^^'R-?1fRni-? ^ t l ^ W R T A t R M tRRTC?? f ? M ( ^ O ) A t M r W t R l ^ l ^ ?lRt?t^ (^. i i o v o ft.), WtR-AtMt

M ? 4 ? M s ? ^^t^rfe? TO? t R R l ^ WtA4tR ^ 'Wt?5l'tw? ' W t R t tRfA'R-Rt'S?tf4-?5; ( A 8 ) CSTt?^, w t R - A ^ M t 'WiRt
?I?^1C4 atRTt 4?T I t t A RtCA? t R R T ^ W t A ^ ^ MntC? * l t ? f t ' R - W t 4 t ' t W M - R h a R t ^ ; (\(t) C^'t4, W t R - A l M
(^5Re;4l?'8 W 2 t l t t ? J t l T T s f T O ^ M i M IC? R4R'Q?=^'l4 ' W l R t ' R - ' ^ T O s l t f w ' R - ' W t ^ M t ; (A>b) ^ " ^ - M . W t A T O W R t %
?ftRiR f\?jm RtR'WtRt lilt ^ wtcRtM ^ t ? n c ^ ^ M i R 5 (^. iidd %), W t R - A t M t ' W t R t R t ^ - ' R - R t ' S R t f 4 - ^ ; ( \ < \ ) ^
Rt^[?C414t^ ^ 4 M ? 4l?t, WlWtp 'Wt5, ?iA, C R t ? 5 , Ari'R-sn'Wt{4-R fR-AlMtf R R l A ' ' R - R t 4 l i R R ; ( A b - )
ttf% 'S < J ? ^ , i^'IJ? fC?? # ? ? 'S ^'SRtCTO ?ARr, R 4 R Rwi^H-M i l t H l f l ( ^ . i i ' b i I A . ) , ti?^-'?-MtRtf'R-"5?tM
TOAtC?? ^R, TOAtC?? s k ? t w M a t , i^lt ttR? Wt f^'R-'WRntfw'R-tRRlMt; ( A S * ) ( R t 4 , W t R - A l M t ' W t R t
TOT Wt, ?tAfC4 tAt?t 'WtRt^'R-MtR RtCR WfM t t ? f A ' R - ' W t ? s l t ? f R ; R - R f ' a ? l f t ; ( o ) ^ A t ^ i l i At?1 M t (^.
'^(^, t'Wt^'R-f?WtR (^?WtTR? WCRlMsT), ?%'i? '5;1w?T I ii'bo ft), WR-t?RtRt M'Wtf'-t'M; ( i ) ^ A l ' s t f H
t t A 'S?tfRWtA? 'Wt^-'^l^Ht^'R-AlRt' 'TO^'?-MtRt ^ A t M lRft ( ^ . i i ^ 8 ft.), t t ? [ A l M t f ' R - M t ^ ; ( O A ) i^
sjl^ttfR 'tRf?'R-'S?tfwf? T'WtRt''8 ? M c ^ I C5Tt?5, ? n ? t ' t ^ ' R - t R R l R ; ( O ' S ) 4tiirl'i-M i R A t R t f t ( ^ .
^tRAtOTTO ' W t M t t ?NRTR M R ( R R 4 R at^ ii1(?ft.), WtR-AtM 'WiRtRt?ft'R-'Wt4ltfW'R-WtRl^; ( o 8 )
?bRt 4 M R ^ ÂtW? R*1T ^ C 14^ '?S?=^'1< a f c ^ tMt 5AWR f R # 4 - R t C A t f ( ^ . i i S s A ft.), tR^-'-''i|l4t'tR'?-

MstTO4?T^RS RtRltwt; (^d) ' W R 5 R - ? t A R t ? t A R t f ^ t ^ ''TOf^'R-
( i ) RtMr'^-M ?tftR w t R - M t (^. î(j- % ) , "Wtft? ( T O t tt#), A t ' S R t ^ ' W t 4 t % WtRt^; (^^)
W t ? - ^ ? ^ -ft 'tsj|^'5T-?ftRT5t; (A) Wtt, A t 4 R ' S T O t ^ t ^ A l 4 ' ?5tf l t ? T - % t A t ^ t r i t (^. iAA<J- ft.), f "R-ttRlR; (^)
(^. ^1A ^ . ) , tt?^'R-''itt4l'tfH'-lAlfR?Tt; (^) 'Wt# t ^ cq' C R t 4 , w r ^ - R t ? ^ ' R - R P p 3 R ; ('^^) W Rtt?tft
WtATO WtR-RtAft^ brvo<f ^ . ) ; Wt^-Rl'S%'R-WfÂt? f f (^. iAA(J- ft.), WtR-AtMt 'WtRt AtMtf'l-?tflM; ('SSi')
Wlf^'R-4im' 'S?t'R-4t^ ; ( 8 ) 41^1 M I ^ Y M RpSRt RtM Mro 'Wt^(\ i^^d ft.), tRt^'R-tRRf?; (80)
W t ^ (^. b-8S. wtR-'Wt4t't5'R-tRRtMt; (<t) Wt^'R- (?ft4, W 3 f ' R - 4 1 ? 'Wt ' W l ? s l - ' t f ^ t ^ . 'Wt?ft'R-?tAAt?;
^Fttj-R tt??i^ (^. b-(}-S. W t R - A l M t ^ "WtRt RtafA'R- ( 8 i ) i^ C R t 4 , W R - M t R t ^ t1??tf R i f t M - R l T O ; ( 8 A )
Rt'S?lMF; (^) ^pt 'WtRt%'^-M RtCAtft (^. tsSts ^ . ) , WtR- RtAa^'R-'^ ' ' T O ^ ' R - ' ^ R t t t ^ ( ^ . iA'SCJ- ft.), W t R - A l M t
A t M ' ^ Rta^-'R-'^TOlt?; (1) R t t ^ ' R - ? l M '^RiasllA 'WtRt'R-AtMtf'R-?lfAM; ( 8 ) ( R t ? 5 , W t R - A l M t ' W t R t
S.S.O %), tR-Rt^'R-WtM'; (b-) 4 l f t M t ? R t ? f t ' R - ' ' T O n t R f R > R t ' 8 ? t ^ ; ( 8 8 ) i& C R t 4 , W t R - A l M t
?tmtfft (^. %), WtR-AtMt 'WtRt t t ^ ' R - ' W t 4 l % ; ' W i R t R t ? f t ' R - R t " 8 ? t f % ? ' ; (8d) '^tm t?? ' W t # ' H ? ? - Wt?t%
(S.) 1^ CRt4, WR-MtRPg tRtR'R-WTiR ; ( i o ) '8?tftA.'R- ( ^ . iA'S<? ft.), W t R - W t f R ^ ' R - A t M t M - ? t ? t M l 'SRt*?-
t?Rt^M:4R
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Contents
??s. tffST-im
mr?tfmijt 'Git'i-TrtfHiTt; (sb) n f f?nm (f. i^vo'b %), Siei imt', % i) I .at tife? m Hfin m m m
Hm^*i-tmi; (8<\) cm, t?ftf'^-^mm; (sb-) it? f i m Hfcn i n ilitei ^ - f i ^ t i m m i i m c^tt
m i * i - ' i # ? t n 11? 'ainHfraK H m f (f. i?s. H.), ifiHen nt cititeit it*(lii fim 'a f i m itfen ite?f
frjtf"l-mtf; ttt W t%H f m Ptm iHo; (8S>) " 1 H - (H?j) H < i T itiifms ?titei citlteit f'ttifen ft
f^'twtirfm-ffsFt-? Smn fft?[icn ; (ao) ^ cm, f ? i 1 f ' -iiîitf mrten ^^jn t'fi 'a mtn itiH S ^ Hfir ^jf 4?cii
tnt mtfert ('mf m m , ?tfw 'sm f?im, m - cstt iHHcn I at mei m ittiTici'm f'ttif' m
mmtf'i-'mnlnTt it'i--fit'i-?mifnjt; (ei) ^^ftei 11H ftwm, tl'HW HHf, twm, fl, 'S'ltf (Hif),
'mf'i-'nfi fmtf, it-fnmr im'i-'mitHm- finen itirt, m m (it) t i f ci? I B H , itf? ('it)-n
mtHn; (e?) m f?tm t m t i li?m1 (^. i?8'!j), f n - ' ^ . m t n f i n , tifiW'awt^l^mfiieiwtip
t^m'i-tm t i t itffi'?-mtii; (flvo) n f t?Hit i t f 'Smt'- ^ê ' j n 1 m i ifiiten nt ttm-fnfi,
cimtft (f. i?ei ft.), mr-it'sm'm mititf"i-itm m t f i f n , f m , wtft wt?tfn i t ^ m fimf
; ( ( t 8 ) 'sitHftftRmttf mtf (f i^'ioft.), 'm-?if^ cmitei S H ? ? I i n ?fi?tcn 1 cm im fiie fw^ i f
'mt m t ' i - m t f i ' i - i t f fnit; ((?e)iifmiimmf ?ti it?t nt wtizi cm^5f? i^Hci m t n f itg? 1
(f i?ltt.),niTHf'-fi!fl' 1t 11'ltHt;-'r?'#f4' ; i f ^ t f i ?liten cwt Htiii I f f ? ' I t f (f.)-?
((t'b) I t f H t l W t ^ ' l - ? t W " (f. i>?is> tt.), mtfitf'i- mâ I'SH Htc Ife? I
mrttiit; (fi-s) ?f# mitfit? timf, twm^'i-î^' f f f f 5 ^ <s im I i e i Smteien c? m 'itfii
itt^m-ititii; (flb-) -511 m m cmiift, f?mi'i-tiit m iH?ienr?temeH'5?fmf^t?f f ' H f (f. is>i8 f)
ti'-'mfwti m i f i - f f i 'STtt'1-tm; (<th) H'ltfit?, f?ente? S C I I C H I T I 'itfi stffi ?}sm fci tm 1 ^
m-timtf f mttH'im'in ; (bo) t n tmw, <^f^pi\<i ^ten 2tf iti?l f i t ' ? ? ntfifi mHn ?5cn ci,
mtiitf"i-itnHi; (bi) m?- f?im, m-Hmtf f (tfi 'Sfiei fnte? cn iH f ? t 4e?twi 1 i t f f 'Sfi
t?^'i-m; ("5*?) "H^m mtf, ' m i t i 1. imei fm Snr? Htm snifniti ?te i i f i fli 1
TsjHcicn cincnmitnti cTOiiif imiiin? fHt fH. tff"i-itilen 2tH ijft cn .at fne? Sf
2tttit m ftm m m m (f.' ib-s.b- f )-m i?f^'3 tm fH ^ H E t t n ; att ' t f f " i - i i m ' nt ' i f i - i t m '
Sen mm> I cmtnrn's nm^s ic 1H ttfttn it*(iii stm icn I H t ? itt?nit?m Iten if?en ift tm
t i l mncn tl% ttnicn tm cm cm ifs f f nficH? f l l I HH ?Si, ^^fm ifntti cim -at fiien
mn'tiiiicn .cna tm m m f n t m (f. mt Sn cwt? cn CI, tmiei i t ^ wti-ti^.'s itff?
m m mrati, i t ^ s w t ms^ti, it. item) 1 at mt t t t m w iH i m H n iHe ?tc? nt itifii i t m m cit m
iticn 2tmfm timfcn fstm wt "gemf? m m tsmm Hi'miifc?? ?nin m i i f i e ?tc? H H H ? J
.xit cm fim I t 4RcM I .at met m ittin m m i H i f ?fiH iHfg ?? I f ^ t ^ fH 4 t f i fHnrf?
m m m m fici ci, .at fci m n it*(ln t f i 2tH fll H nt fH it^Hi Hti-mm t ' f i .at nife
mten 2fe?nm itm I T H C I fcHfi it*[tn wti-tnaten icn it?te anfi 'it^#titifc?? m < i itnt m 1 tH
ntieHf itittiei itti mti mit tHei itlif^ i H '^j^'oif-<f,|ci)ii ^ m-<M=iii I t f ' i t n t i - n S n stf?
Htc l i e ? H H tntf ' m f tif^mmtci Sm miii n ^ mt icn 1 t i f l - i t m fimien f f itntm

f% mil? cn fie ?tci 1 2rficiJ m ittiji .at tf?ti m m - m m tt?f? -fsm n t n m t 1 tH
'nffH cmi fiei CI, m m ^-Hmen f m fit^nn, 'Itm f i tien urn fli ci, t f i mmei
i t t m ^ i i f i ?tei n t lat tii fin tm ^jltcîi snfi nrf i t ^ timt ifitf itwttc ?tci. . .
SuHcicn cit m iff? f^mm ?te f n f l l it?ten I t f w t f i Ititen iflt ntH HHt ?Si H cm, i n f
Sell iH ?t?tc^ I i n Htiii fi fftfe I t m e n iffen H^tfi tinfH m t cn ? ^ ^ H ? ? " ( t f f " i -
iiteitnt icn nt t?ti .at i f m i f # i iten mti itm, f. i'b) I .at tn tin 1 ^ ifiei cm Htc? ci, t^^
^ 5 ^ s i m f n 2fm itw ie? 1 f f f^mmt'molten nite? it*itii t ^ Ititen cna m itfin m m ^^7: t^ 1
tfi lenl^ f l s t m len, cm timt? i'm m#i cmi ifiHen I fH m ? ! i ' i t ^ ' ^ litm m e ^ C15C3!
Hm, r # f i - i i H i (Htcicn H i n t ) , timnt tiii . stfHite? itien ?j??i?c4 itifii m icn 1 itni
'aitf, fH-t m'ltfiH n t mtem ' s i f f f ? t i ??1J SiîiUci? .an m fitmâ S.? ?? citifn .'itfi
ipf *.'i-fim HHC tisHHe? fie?ttit Sm cn f H Hfan 5 ^ ie ( m i t f i J i i t n Siei mâm imnt,
113 cffnte? (ittiji'm^dt?, H t ? ittiji m m m m ? ' ( . i j ) 1 m-itm file? fsnen i f [ f i i t5m?im catfi^
t m f tiêm
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^ >|i|>iJi<l^<t ^f^tMm ^TTifCt M ^ t^ltl^ '^l<^^Tl>|5^tAÎ ^ CTORtft?tAt W t ^ t l f r . 2 t I ^ ^ 4 M M T ? t A t ? W I

tAR RC? iil?s Rt^ W ^ f f M ^ A^ I TAmt 'FR^pf lAl^ i^lt
fitf ^ (R? I iilt'2fC^f^t*l'^l(.>t'51 ^ ( ^ t h t C < P '^n^RW'Ptft
a t R t M ^ R T O Cistt ^ f e l k ^ mx T ^ - ^ < ^ ^ % sf^ I W f ^ t 1 % RC R M R?ff^ A t R Âlt TO|? 1% t R R ,
i^MtMnt w M ?!?RR 1 wm-^^Mw? M m Wf^Rt^- TOAt?,= CTOR ? ^ t - ^ , ? ! ^ RCA I C?RR ?\? ?\5
M ? r M t M i i t 8 wt*[M 's TOTAm, ' w T ^ 's -sfm-Am, *tA!R? M t , tt?t 2 f t ^ Wt?t *1??R Rf*(??tft ?3ttM WtM?
RJt RCA I
*4iw1Mvoi, ('w!)-(R? M f ' s Mtwn:? '5AT^ wt^ti^ 'wt#tRR M t ^ M w 1 1 ^ ^ M ,
(T)-'ii? ^'swt, wtwTA^ Tf % tR-sFf y\ijim 'wf4t%, <3 Wf^-ii|? RCTO t t % ?ef?t ?#5ftC^ I tAm M e W n ' 'S
trot, 's -^m^, vii^w<) w M m ^ , tRRTtsf ?tfm ?f^-iil? ''5iT#ttTt RtgC?? '5IC*ir^7t RtAMaR t C ^ t M n #
w M l ^ R ^ , ^'sitMtc?? t'%TO ?A7ii, wt*friMT TO lil?? 5 t f ? M SRW ^ TO, C?tlC? Wt^-<il? RTO C T O R
's w f t M M # , 'wiRT^'R-Mtî, 'STitAf^ ^ t^T^m, t ^ M w t R f f e ' W f (TOtt ^ 41W), RtAtWlplM RRlCW C?SA
2 t t t M f ^ RCA, Rsf? Ât? RRf4, M "aR'ilN c?sA M ?tw??M ^ C B T t T ^Mf'f ? # T O f ? M j?>it?rlCA i
ti?tM'R'*ti . . w f F t l f t Rt^r?? ^ ' s w [ ^ M ^ i2te?tct?'3 RR<?s M r ?
M ^ ^ "^R^ TO? Rtt C?, W t | M iSlR-Mf? RlRAtC?? liR? lit M M WfSRt lAtC4 i^Mt^'S RpIC ttR I ^tAt?
1f%C4 'SRitc tfC? ; C?R?f R t ^ RfRAtR'stC^ ^ Atct M e titl>lt A t R lilTOtai TOAt? ?tAt ' T O ; ^ ?tcsf
ffC? Rf I tAf 1AI? W m? wsjfl R^ I M tA^8 ajjftTR Rttlt?t? M f t m m x Rt?M ^ -9 R ^ ifm R M ?j<iAtc<iti
TO? C?, V*l1ll'tCH? i^\1>\m ^ *CH^W ^C ^jff I f*t?#? RC?TM?Mc^?MRfit?tf?sC?? I , ,
? ' ^ (i|t C?, -^RRRtRtt ^Fl^Rm Ate TOtlt ?n?Rf w t t p t 1 % Rftflw ^nt^ 'wt?5A (^- iiô* 'Ô-^
A I M ^ M C I ? , C? tAt?t tAti^ fitp R ? C ? m s ? s M c i 5 T I '5[t?n% 'S R?TiT R t C 4 W T C R M '^MtSR I R^^TO ?sTCTO
t ^ J R ?>1R1C5R lilt W?WlR R ^ f ^<)HC?ltJ C?, tAl? i ^ M t R W t ? ^ RRt?tC?? ff? t w M t i R ? R?Wt '5^ ?tTO
RtR^ Ate ^f^ Rf ?5C?,,('HRlM ^jC?? ?sff, JWrRtt4t?s t ^ t f i l t M r ? I iAt? M e t R R t R ^ S R C ^ M r ' S tr??TO
R t ? M 4 ? fR'S StRtM 4C?? (t51^'R-?!tRfR, 1. i i V ) I TOAt? I artftR R ^ R ^ Rt^pR? t M f ^ ^ M sfl, Wtr?R?
Rt^l44lC1 M ? 'S lJ(A!i^TCt? 4C?l4M 'WiM t*!^!^ Wf?tt?tC^, TOJMS t?RtR Rt^[C?? <[f% A3 M ? s C 4 RC^*R
'wfftm's w?trii?^t??SRR ?c?? r^?f??R t1% 4 M C S I ^ l A l ^ ' W l ? ^ Wt^-iiR ^ [ ^ I M R R I ^ C ? ? T f % t ^
tA^-^StRtv5C?? WT3FR4 1 ? t ^ M , ' S R M CPtRSJA S R ^ M l ? S ? f ? Rl-iC?? ?SR ^ M t Rt t t C ? 5 , C? WtHA^
|C?t^'t M lil?? ^RRRIROT? R?J??R?C?? *f% Wt?[M WtCfit-M? R ? ^ WtA^tR f??sf?s fitft^. Ate? I; Rt^ : M f ?
?steTO M t W # R 3 l f t ( ^ 4 t M ) , TOtT WtWtA^ R=Rt RtJC??
M T C ? ? f W ? ? i<p|Rili) ^ t RC? AtC!^"! I ^C?t% StlMiÂ
R5Rte?s C?8R 4 M ?tMte^ i iil^cn? w t "^tM, wtwtA?
?iRAt? 's ?tw^tfc4 tcn M ^ ^ M M I R ^
RiRf 'S ^ iflRtR Wt^-iiR -gAWT "WRviA-iai?
M t R ' s wT?[M 'mRt?t? T s m w?i4l? M TO? ? f 'iwtft?
RC IR-R^ ^ TOt 1?C'flI I t?si^ tAt RC^'S Rt^[C?? WRT t t
fitlTOl R ^ W Rttc^sM I <ilt TO^ ?'f? M s f ?sf?CM 2 t R ^ Rf "s ?r^R?R te?nwR I c ? 5 ? R f C4t^ c ^ ?tew f?s
M ? AtOo tR R i M WtRt^'R-fR W t ? ^ i\ i b - t 9 < ) J.) ^ t ^ ?t ^ R4R Rt^[C?? t e ^ *t ^jM RtAte?J tAt wt?t
C R f ^ A? I '^141% f??C?f R t M WtRt^'R-'^tC?? ^tf^ R?f^SS Rs? RCA lil?? TOR we?^; ^Tsf wte^ RtAt? ^t^^tMt Rte
w ? 5 8tM isf^ ? M c ^ s wf^-?i^ ' W I R T ' ^ - R I A R ^ (2??i TOM A s R f M ifws Ri^[c?? t e ^ Rs? RCA ; lit ^ t
ibrhrib '^.) vs WtR-?5lRt '8Rf'R-?S-ttfg (4tC^1 itsA* '^.) I ^(i:e?te? te?itw%if ^ t t i
^?RRt?C^RtC?f ? ^ 'jWtf? afTOtf bPlC^f^t I 'TOFtlftÂt? igAMi " w t ^ M e ? R?^ftg?5 Mte? stlRt% Rt 4e?? i
CTO M f ^ M I R I ^ ijsftfte? ( t f M ?c5f M t M t ) ? t M 5 M R tf?f% M ^^tro 2 f T O I fAt? ^ R?r^^
^ e B f t j
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mm mm wm\^ cm cm i im. ^ nm H m 'Q Hm?tH ?te m c i t l iHii 4HH> 1 H Hte He? h h

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n f H h c ? ^ w h h h nt wH? frtit? 4?t t?? i Metaphysics of Iqbal-iii H H i t e n , "Ht*f Hoffe t i i t i
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H? 4 m iHc ?tc? I f?t? ie 'saten h h c i , h h ? H H ( ^ I t f i t i - n f ? ?TtHli?), it?eH i N s t f l - H.; (?) i t i -
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S h ?tc? I nTf 'ife I tlHd? ?nt Reconstruction
% (M l ? T H i ? t f m I f f , m e m ) ; (8) c i n ,
of Religious Thought in Islam tff'l-?mei 1?t? i t i - t H H 'it^ S f H f - f n t H , m i m m (itfiiH!) io??*
n,Hen i?Hi 1 t?te 1H i c n H n m e i itcitnt H . ; (<f) c i n , J.5KJ1 fJc ^ ^jjj Qi ... -. ...1 yu.j,
?>[?iitcn I S h ? fHit? H H Hen, "ItH f i H i HtHi ? t n ? t m (Hfiîtm) io?va H.'; ('J*) c i n , ^ ^L:^
.&He?ra 4H ? H ? i ^ Hf^ nt i s m fHf? m-Hmen {.iJlj j.j]l J^l ^ jjJI, t??i ifefl-?'(. ( t t H f I f . l ? ) ; (H)
HH? istH? iH iti3?H h H h fiHi ?f? i*liei ii*fe? i t i - i t ? ? t i m f , i H - f i i t i '8Hi-fi?ti, m e n iONbir H . ;
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l e n i4TtH cwm n? HmgH i t ^ 4 i t f iHc He? 1 I f - 1 ? , A. Guillaume), i m iSva8 '(. ; (s.) t n ' m i l ,
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?n t H H Ittc? n .ilt m ifn. c? wri s h h H I M f f - H f i m ) , I t l C H io8br H . ; ( i i ) I t l - l t H f ,
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Hit ,n I Ititen i h ^ itnt cn H1H1 m - ' S f H ' 1 - f i , i t H e H io8v H . ; (io) c i n , mmftf'-
H^ten i 4 i H ? . 4t fH ?tH n t S?r? mtei fs^ 's m i f i m H i H ' i - t m i 'sH'i-mHm, mnm iJi-^î f . ; (is)
m e i t n t ^ ijHf 4 ? i iH I" c i n , fit^'i-tifiii fi'1-tl i n , mnm i t . ; (><t)
.ilt w meitntîi ^Hf? i < m t citi ^ c i n , , i t i - f i f i ? ' f n t ' T f - i t m i , i t i - w t H ' i t f ' i - f H m
f n saten itHit? n n S h ?te m i5Hf cn 4 ? i C41, iot'js H. ; (ibi) c i n , 'r?rmf i-'mitfim, mft.
H I H n HH *lf? cfHl fHHit? H ? 4 ^ ^ C ? I f<5 f H I I H n H , I t i e H iO'b'lj H. ; (iH) m i l * 1 - f l 1t?-Hf_,
H f i t ? i f ? s n Q t H I C ? , c?, itîHi m - H n e n m n f i m ^ ' i - i f i H t i f S f H i - ' f i , ?t?i?tm (Hfîtm) io--
t m f fiicm?
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%; (ib-) cm, IwifM-ffti-m, mem io?o H. ; (Sf m- IS xU> . d l _ . Itfti

(is.) ^ cm, m-mmltf m-rniHfmn, w m t i (mf^mr) mfitf. Item iiio f ) ; (fl-^b) w t i t f i - f i m u f , m
i8o ft.; (?o) 'mf'1-itfn m r - m t i T t f , im-mf cmfimf, I t e m ; (fll) mtfm I t i ^ t ? . ui^ 1
mnt*i-limi, mem iosb- ft.; (?i) cm, m-fi, .L, ^ 1 jjy Item ihbo % ; ( f l b - ) 'Itf ' m m
t f t i f ios^b H.; (??) iffM-mmm mr-mimf, frnm*^-
m m i f t , t i m i t t i i i t m , m m iii? f ; (fli)
f'mm, mmimmw (mfi^mm) ioâ f t . ; (?) t n ?in, X5nf'i-?tm ' I f f Itmf, f f i ti-mi, i m f iojo H. ;
xsiH-mri ti'i-fimf ^mm-iR^m' ^smm-fmm, mem
(^bo) i m i f ? i m t i m i , 1 ^ s w - t i f f n , item ii^flb^ % ;
ivsii %; (?8) t n mtff "^-mttf, nr. ^mm ('bi) f m m t l ' i t l . The Development of
nit, mem i^^s %; (?*) cm, mtfM-wm, mten Metaphysics in Persia, i m iS.obr f ; (bi) ^ c m .
ij(?j ; (^'b) cm, m-irtf'It mtttfwM-itfiit, t. Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam,
fi.; (?i) t n mtnrt, m-'iti^fmf M-^sftifiH-Ttt, mtem Item ihbo. ; (^bo) M. M. Sharif, A History of
ios^b ft.; (?b-) cm, iH-tmi, tnr* ios.i H.; (?;) Muslim Philosophy, lea, ii^-bo % ; (<b8) W.
i cm, fnHf'm-f^m-mt^tfmmt, miem io?^ H.; (oo)
& Montgomery Watt, Islamic Philosophy and
m-^'smif, mr-tmrniT, m. H. ; (oi) mr-mmiift, Theology, Islamic Surveys, Edinburgh ii^^b? '!.;
tsmt%'S'i-itmm, m. fi. ; (o?) mr-'^êttf, m ^ l - (^bfl) History of Philosophy-Eastem and Western
'rnn'tfim-mmRciiJi, immt ioo* ft. ; (w) c m , ; .(-b-b) A. J. Arberry, Revelation and Reason in
rnim-mntim, t ^ t ^ iooe H.; (os) it-tmtft, mpitf Islam, 1^ iifll %; ('bl) E.E. Elder, A Commentary
trnf^mtHi-fn. i^^"^ 1-; C'^^^) mfm, on the Creed of Islam, f i t l l iS.flo f ; ( ^ b - ) D. B.
mtf'w-<fn, tftFf, ioii ft.; (o^) 'm^m-mft m;mi Macdonald, Developrnent of MusUm Theology,
lilt, mmfm'i 'Sitm', mntmi (mfiîtmt) io?j>-iooi Item i>><bo ; (bh) K. C. Seely, Muslim Schism
ft.; (01) 'Smitni'^, t'ftt*i-tiiti1-'mtft, t n t i v s b - ? and sects, Columbia University Press iS5>oo '|. ;
tt. ; (Ob-) mt-?Tmi t n 'mfi'i-f^fii im; "Si-m, (10) A. S. Tritton, Muslim Theology, Bristol iJ>8'i
i j j ^ j s L L i j s^Livi crhf M S M ^ i ,rnntmi(mtiîtm) % ; ( I i ) D. Oleary, l t i m i - t t n t i , S f i f - t ? m
io?? ft. ; (oj>) fm ' I t f ?imm im, mr-n'ti tifi- m m , ?rmimm (UfiJltmt) iS^S^b % ; (1?) The New
'mftl, fill i?J>J> H. ; (80) Goldziher, Itl-'ltilmf Ency. Brit. 15th Ed., h% i o i ? 1 . ; (lo) E.I.^ m -
^sm1-1tft'1tf fi*i-t?iitm (ftmt 15.) ' I t f ?im 'm^'i- i t m n ^ I
nfi? 's imrni) ^51, mem; (si) it?:mi itfm, f ? i i - n f ' i s i t ? m f i (m-m-t.)A[?fi t i m i f
tnti, 01, fin is.'bî (8?) cm, ^??F'i-tiiti, ^^-f^^rm (îiiJ I ^ ) s ( f i t m m ^ ) t i m
8 1 , mem ij>'b8 f'; (80) f ? ! ^ I f f wt, iti-miif?5['i- c m s f f i e n ^ fifit 9^ ' i t ^ ^ ^ ' i t i e n i t ? m m t m
t n t t f i m f (Sf I f . i t i it?-mi ? i f t f f , is.10 ^. ; (88) I t c i . f t m t c i m^^pt? (1) c m e n m f % i ' i t ^ s t m t m
it?mi I t f t i m-ffnt, ' i t i H i - m ' f i , i i , mem io8.b i c n , i n f Itflm' f i m ( ' i t ) - n f t m ' s t m i c n n t
H. ; (8<?) . < j - . w . , . l l j jîL^VI u-li-i'l j ^ l i i " I i 5 j j i n f f f t f e i t n t f 'it#Tti^4?enit?mmm 1tm
^1 jiij (i[.) f ' i f i - n H ? - sifi), tni is.'b<^ ; (8.b) sffîStmm Hf%^ m ? t e n i < f m i i n t e i t n t ' s s f m t u f c n
f i f i ?tim im, imwtf'i-'Sfi, f i t i i?i<? f t . ; (81) f f % m n i c n i i c m c m n t f i i i t i f % i c n n t
?fitf'i-mft', iti-'imfti, mem io<î f t . ; (8br) 5?im f i e n ^ i i s t i t i m f l e n i f mm ? i f i > i f c ? .at mtt?
'iti^, fntitf'^-msfi, mtem io^b* f t . ; (ss.) ' i t i f i - f f e p t ^ i f f i f o n s
?tfiT iti-?iitf, iti'-inntf "i-tntfimt fi'iR-n, itfiim tafi m i t t e n i t i t ' t i , m ^ a f e n atmi, i t i t n
io<^<^ H.; (flo) iti-mi?t^, fmm'^-ifiit' ^sm'i-fiir, s i f i f , Hitif i f i e n ' s i t i f , t i t m , firnm 's Sm.
tii?i4ii ioio H.; (fli) wtitf'1-fm im-iromf, iti^'i- fif%^ s t i t c n i t i ' m r t i f c n S n f m m i t f e i t f T t i -
i t m t f i i - i t f f i m t (lfl. f%m itm-t i t f i i i t ? , itm. ( c f i t ) , ti?ti (f?tt), t f f w T t i , ( a t m i ) , W ' s m w ' s m e n
I t e m ) ; (fl?) iimi t n tmtm, <JL^J <iiiii sjjy^ 1 I t c i t n t m e i n t u itm it^sm m i
^^
^1 ?mmm (itfiîtmt) io?i H.; (flo) t n t e n a f t i f i i f c l ? l f f ? i l ? ( i ) , i1?nf (m) ^s f e n

f ' l t f , t i f i - m m , mmff is.'b8 ; (fl8) f ? t m t i f t i t m e n f i i e c i t e i m " i t n t i n t e i m m i a t ^ i f i m e n
m = t t ? i t f , t f f ' i - m r t i , f i m i o i o it. ; (**) n t n mi f m t ^ m s ^ a t ^ n i f n t c n i .^t m itcmm
l f ? m . Contribution of India to Arabic Literature ? t f e m a| ?*ifc< it?fi= Itei i t n f m'nt i m i t m i
t n t f Hiem
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tf?p-lHl
n i w m i ? I f f i <t?iH=i I i f i m ^ irm ?t?tf^cn (mi-itwrf, m - f i w t i , f . ? o b r ) - | irfmi

ftfw cimswi f f n m m i m i f f i mr \ m s s n .tHei mrn'm-nm ( m f - f ' m m f f s [ ' i - t n n , % v o ) ^
m f ' s i t ^ f r n m f<MR=im i f f i ?te mr i tifim m t f^fi^'i-mfi m - ' m f i f (m'mff-f'm, i A i , v ) , t m
t H e i n f i ' s f i f ^ w m e n ms ms atfîti t i i i S^ t n Hamei 411 f ' m f m m f i i ' s c i n itm mirtf?
atfMmifm strnni i m e n n ^ H n f i f a i H i ' m m i c n ; (?) 'mmjm-mmti ^ m - m t n wtm^sitn,
S m n m n i mimei fien tif%îm?te?i2tHtifmm?rifmm m-mfn f i ' i - t i t m c i n (m^-itwtf, i^s, mmm
?te itfiei fiemf H i m i . 'm#fim stmiii t n t f m i - f ' m m\ f f j ' 1 - t n t i ) ; ( o ) i t i f "i-f'mfi-?, fifi t m
lem m e n f f t ifms m t fiewen H?f'i-'mfifi-m i t 3 t f l c n ( m i - f ' m m\ ff^n-
srtmm stMt iHe smti im i .atmei i m , t i m , % b-e) I cit m m fsfwlt, itHfiirt â t i t f i n ?
i n m m f i i m i i f i i m n cstfrn: mernnt â i f e i m m -mm f s m f i citf? m f i f ? ifDiifli i it?mf?i fii-itt
cms fe? fe? R^f m i c i i i c i .at fimm cff'ti fifHo n m wtf? ' m n ' t e n lem m f f ? , twfi â fine?
S n m e n iflmi^s ffl; im i ât *men meifnm mmii ^ f n f n fll, t i t m S ^ tinmen S n mcitnt's fiei?
citfii f i n s f i i i t m m? mr m t f i f i f m f i iHf% m S ^ l e n m t m f f i i i ^ 's - ^ f e ? fHe f ?m
i f ^ i f ^ .at Ri^ftJ ' { H m I C I I fmt f f i m f i m t ?tfei? meitci 4 H 1 c n l e n i i f H if^
f m f i 2 t i H ? i w m i t l 'sH H W I ' s m m .at imm? m meitnm S n m n fn fnt f i f ? l t f ? f 1 f ^ S?? f l i ;
H f c n fci Smfi ê Itei i .at m S^ f i i e n f i f ^ (8) f t H i t?f'^-?ti^ i\ m f i t f i i ? o o ft.), fifi 411
fiei? i m i c n I fici m f Hfi? m - f i i f ? n f ^ f l c n , HHei itHim^fti
f ? i m mfi-1 - m i - i m f 'Sff'i--f-imen itw? f^mmm S n m,,-mtc ite? ; i s n wt?f?m citc4? 4 m
fif^rmen s t ^ a j j i ^ a ^ ^ i ^ i i ^ j i j i L L j i j j i t U i i . . j i i . . - - < G i wt?i t n i H ' s m i - m 9m m i c n m t i-fiei? nf'
2 ; Mufr^s-a; t f i mm i f i i i f i - s f H c n mtem m?^ l e n i m s n ffi f m i m m m if?m t m i
f f 'm?ft i m i t a ^ iti'mitH3?ei f m , i Sm -giffim wtmn rni-mtfieii ftmcig: c H i m l e n i H's-?tifcn
m n ' ât H ' m - n m m ^ m e i lenm's mcitnt .at -mm ftiti 2tff^ ?f? i f ? fiimi m t 4f i t e n fif%^
-rniH f # o f c n ( f m - f f ^ ) lem sffi^ f l i (fimf"i-^-ii-, H H f f l c n i tm mt ffi I t m n fmme? lem m i f i -
i i , 'I)! ( f f t ) - m f m c m i?it's m m m i t f f i c n H i .at
m f I t i f ? m?:m t n '^Hf t n ^*ifii i ^ s m n t f if?jf%5 m - H i i f ' s t n wt^-m 4fim ^^tc 4?i
m-t?fwtw f e i ? i f f i T ? (1-) 's m ' t m - t m ' f f i i m ?tmfli t m i w f m m - i i f n - (?)-m ift mti
(cisH?)-m cit m m-^ â ? T f l âiat if?men HHe I t i e n n tm f ^ S e i i it ie? i ffi t m i w f m
t i m ficHfen i f t f t m f 'mfitmsen S n meimt 'm-nfii" (?) "a t m f i t itfw'i (?) -ê f ^ HiititHg?.
?tmei I .at 4 1 m t i l mmen f i m f mcmntifm m e i i ? i n I 'atmtfifi3mmi^m-fit?f m -
m i f i i m i f w n i m m n t m ( i ? ) tmen c f f i i m f ? t f i i?Tte? m t iti-ifji- fitf"f-m^s?^ 4 e i
mnmj^'s wtm m i itifi^ ?sf?men 1 'it?wt?-mH f ? icnm 4 i ftiti t n " ^ -
m^sfi mftmmfiii, wtn ^ tifmtm, i t H ^SH -mn, mmi -mmfiitf 1-f'm-c ftiten m m mtfi c n
ffsH a tHit m t e i m - i t f , t n H f i ' s m ( itie? S n fimf? itemit i c n i ftiti t n ^tmm,
"(_;^L)-m 4 1 fimf'^-m'stfi â itfmi n i l ? itifi 'Iff? t n 'Smm, - H f t n t i - it^-m^n, it<['i-n'mi
m!f"i-Hmm-c i f f * fif^.meifnt i m n i f i m n cim m - l t m 4 f i f'tfifen ie^ i-fiei i i f < n
l e m H C I H CI, t f i m m c i m f n t ifHet mt m t (ititHitf 1 - f ' m , % (tbb; ftiti t n ' ^ - ? t m , wt enm)
m ? i t H?e? t m i i i " S f i t ' m i ' t i ( i r f m c f i m t t n I t l t l file? "îjm ^lîf? ? m l e n i c m
R n i f ? ) 's mtlrm l e i m mei m m i l i l i f c ? ? 4f fit|'-t'8f1, Itf-it^ ' i f l t i t f H f ? ' i - t m i ,
f i e n T j f t c n i imen f i i ^ i e i i e i mren -mm i f ^ f i m f ' i - w r n 'sm'i-nm, fimf'i-tift'm, fitf'i-
m t f m t i ^ f ^ m m m i f ? H S^ f^Hm 4 m i f i e n Hl?m, fim^m-tHH, -m?-?tf 'itmrn-Hitfin m?-Hf
mt I f f ? iI^rtH I f i f f i f ^ f i n mtei ?nt -^Hei i itm'1-f'mfim (ftHi tn'^-?tim, f i o s > - i i o ; ^ n t f ^ -
S-^ c i n e n lem m i f n f c n l e n w i 'mficn H i Seii t m i f i t , ?i, oo<\); (e) f t H i t n f f i i m - w f s m f i f ;
i m ? t i s ( i ) t m t n H^sm, f i m f n - t m r n 4eim, f i f i (b) -sf^tm t n ^ ' H l ; (^) f i n 1t--11-; (b-) ' I t f t n
-min 'im?tf (f. ia-b- f t . ) - ? m n i n f f l c n m t -mif? t m t i t n ^ i t n t n f i m it-rm (f. i'ls* f t . ) ;
fme tmm fimm im m m m m i i f n t f^ (h) itifn-mm ' I t f t n H ^ ' ^ ; ( i o ) mf wfm f ? T m
t . f i . ft/oo t m f fiiem
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^08
Itim, fulf-? f t m t n * ^ - ? t ^ , "^F^tHm tntfi t n

I t f iHHsii? I t H i im-tmit?tf; (i?) I t f f ? m t n mfi, fwf?it-? f i n if--ti- f?Tm t n 'itf t n
I f f m - i t n , titf"^-mt^t mfi-tfittfnn s f t f m ; f'm, i t n - n i t ^ t n ^ti'H, ^ f m m - n i t i - i f " | i ,
(io) H^f"w-fi t i v t - S f i - m sfefof I t f I f i f ? m - i i n n H f t i H i - - n fmi f f i H f i t H - H - ? i i f ? j i -gfatit i ât
fftlft ; ( i 8 ) I f f it%t-Itif"i-wtfi t n itH'1-lfft ijfitH f i f H f ^ H I l i t ^ c m t Stll 1 H it?tt i t
iti%f t n tit i f i - f m # i m-Hf I m s mm i i t i m n c i , ff% ^ ^ f i ^ m - f i s a f m wt
f f ? ttf? 4 f i ^ ItHitm? mfiif f ? l r n ? n f ? f ? 5 i f ? ? i i i i ? t t n I
S n îwiMi f?t f ? (IwtH ?fit? w u f. tn'^-^t^, t f i I t i t m a f H I t c i t n t ^ti I f l t n i f % c f ? f f H i
1t1-ti?f?f, f. ?8i; iti-itwtf, im-fisfti; 1 t - f f , tm ^ H f f fHl iftitnt I t?t?t fî%t f i m I f f
m - f i ? ) ? f 5 ; IHtjll^ltX mtHlIf f - f i t ; -^^Hfl- ( f H ) f i n (fwt)->n? ? j ? H m i f ^ m wtm i itnn
itfi, I t m i f f - f i t ) I m?.rm:i ? i i ?m, ?i?is[m-?t%n i f i - s i m f ? , ? ? i j , f f H i f ? i ? 7 H f i f , isn
i w i f l t ?tc^ I t m i n t fit ?tc f ^ i w f i t t f i f ^ H i t t ? f f c i t n t , f utm.mHim, f w t m f n ? tTtH
I t i f i fi?n i f I t i f n t f l f I t^mi, itntmt, intHit, f i f i i t f H t n îct I t i t m i f c i i t c i i ^t H??t?ft
i t i t i i i t , fwlffiit, wT^fnjt, iiHfwuf, tfit'tfi?t, t H C I s t m It l f ? C H t l I t i t l H?f"i-ltfifi (?), t i t l
it'SRIiiiji, HlR?jt, il?t1il sit 1 ^ 1 n t U i?iw? f i r ifHfi (?) t i t l I t f ( ? ) - ? f l i w I t l t l n ? 3
Svg? ^ ? t % r , iiciT f'i(?it, ititt?ttilfiil? Iti fiit? iHi n i t i t l f H itHn (?) m?ifm-Hftn f c i
Hi I im <mt:?f i t ? f imt? t i t i l l Affile Hen, cit H I H C I f n I i t c i Him f&m cwm f c ? fii i t i t i
it?cifitiit?tenntf?Hifi%titHeHi i itntci f U mfwi (?) Hf%?5m fmfnt i m , i ? f t c ? K n ( r s i f i )
fHi^Hi wn? sfim n n& i n ft? i f ? t i stHtt fin:^ cwmrcii ff%5 cnt i m , HH m ^ s f m i f n n
(it^'-t?wtit)-mt?Tci liH^ wi-Hwcn srsm if? n i i m , w t n i t m - n cwm i t n c i f m a t m c i t i f H
cit fcn t i t l f i t I t f w i (?) i f i f c t ?ti if?c Ittn I i f i i H 1 m mtHw iimm? ftmfm? u t H t a t m i m
ir?i ?i?c? t m i i ifnf i ? i t atiffi f5mit?m ( i t i - i r f , fimf'-mfi; f n t s ^ n - i t u s m , fimf'-
f?if?im iHr^f%? ?j??i? ?m t f i ifitcn iiimci i m t f i ) , ititn i t 3 F i ^ fn? i t c m t i m ( ? i H f t i t l
?tcn I f H , f . i?), t n t t i f?H^ n m n m Sv? c u i i m
liifid i t * ^ v3 itv3?tf-ii? ? t i n i i I t m m f i C 5 t t i m , m m c n t i i t T ? i i cnm n t mmtn fsm
f5ît?m f n nifc wtîm cn i i f n - n ??f ?cn i c u ir#tm i s t H n i m I f i f m m mnm ?twifi i n
f?r?[t t n " i t n ( f . ifli H . ) - n i t i iis,i?t f ? c n ?tfici? w u w n t m c n i c u iift-fnti, ntiH i t i c m
s?i:f? I t f i m n t i f ? i i ufefHf ^ c n it<siti-m Ss,m; fic l t d I I C I f i i - f i f Sim fiH-itm i t i s
?fcf ? i i m t n f i t (Hstfm-?tH int ifm?iH'-fiffi H ^ It I C ? I H f l f ? i t m H i i t m Svg? n i i t m t H
[ t n I t f i , ? * i l - n 2fc1f n t I t f ti?1i. t n t t i t n f ? i t t n ifnnm i H mm n t f i t i'mfim f ? i t i t i
ti?l<>" t n mtfi fiT5*i-?ff [ifi-f I t ^ ffjn- n? i c n (Iff"i-nfii i m - f t , iti-itm f rnifHn-
tnti f. b-il-n afcif (fiT5'i-?rf - n iu i t i t i t f t f f?im, f 8o*) I
f i c n ) I Sfif3|\5 u f e n itt s^ ?tm firni uf^'ji i t n t i t , H ' f j m - ? t f m fci titl " I t f fim ( ? ) - c i iifl Hwf?
if?HiJt f i t t f i I t i t m C T O ffeH^'f?cn i?ti n i f H ?tt f?titti it^m i H mi 1 i m t i f? flwf
I t e n i m (imm t u r n , irsitff ? t i ) i f i - i t f , it- H t % f i t i f i t m fSm ( f 5 f^titci ttH^t?n-c?Hti
f'8fH ^3 fft5*i-fiti-i-fi I tH w I t f i t n i m c n f^ n? f< fn ?tc I f f f H i t i - i t i ' i t f ? ?tin ^
4 t i u ? i i f ? e i s i t f i f i t c n ff%i smit m e i ' I t n c i i u q i f ? mfi mm fii i liiHiim "im ciiâifc??
fifBT wfit mm I lit ciT? ff%c f I t m t i a t n ?tct i t ? f m c ? t i t i c n i f t i H i i m H i t'atîc? ^SM
flmff ntt ?t?t I t t i I tHt i m HtH itwti itaprs m - n m i H i i f m ift i f f ^ n n t ft? ft? f'm
f ? i H t , cim i t ? f H?c? t m i i ?ttiit? f H I t n 'ititttn f i m f c ^ a(fH ?tc H t i i t m fttm
H f i m ftift? H f i i H H H f f i c n I i f s w i titl 1ffIt? t#t (?), titl I f fm^ (?) Hm Itimf (?) nntti
ififct f l c n I t H m itaill c?lti<M?t ? S i H ( J R , fmt H H n t c f i c n I f H t f i t mntm f f ? f i H H t i m
i f i t t t I t f i H Wl 1 ^ if?ti 1 i s n ^ Itn iftt m(^ l t d I < a t H t i f i f ? , tif? mmtn S n
ititiHi n f l l H , c m H f itiim-n i f f it?, i f f H m i i t i t f f i t n ?ji^?c1? I C U S c i i t H H i f f f i c n s (i)
Hit'-n f i t n t n fiHi, m H < M i i - n 1t?fii? tn
^fi t n 'ifiHm-?r?m f f ( f . ?ob- H.) fiH it-n
tntf fi^tm
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Contents
armtUtn 41 4<=tTH mn (Hnmt msHt, % b - ? ) ; ( ? ) cm3 citfii m m mf^tmen 1 m i f f i t f i m m fiiei

Hf m?f t m t i t n it^mffi (^. i i %) ; () m^ 4m ^flnft 4 1 ff%m ?nt i f i m e n (mmtf'f-f'm,
wfm t n fmt (f. o i S ) 1t.), tmstfi-mfm sntf (g. m t f i i i f ' t - f ' m ) , mme i t m f i m iinpif?;s i m m
t n mHi-mfw); (8) m i t n *ttii^ itif fmit (^. S n a memit i m ?titei 1 .^t 4ic5f m^m'tf*i-miim
mgitHi It.), 4 H i c n i i 4 r i ? i5fim (5. t n itfi; fi'1-imifti m*i-fiim fienmei 4fimiemiT ({. iisi,
mf ; mi-itwtf); (<t) f?tmi t n H ' f 1 mi-fmf (^5. m?i wt^mft? ^m m'm-) 1 ât 4ei3 411 i m m ? t i s
?S) It.), Iifi t i l mmi Hid 4 i mi-itf itifi-
mutfwf Hft mi-mfi 411 It (s 'mi-Sfi') t i i
mmen itifi itiitm ifge#t mn 1 S^te fimf
m^sffi' ^ f n inei m?i itieî titmn
m f n ^ I t m liHit 411 fcn itiititrnjicn Sn f'm
iitiei m^ fntcn ; (^b) 'mf t n ^ f n mi-iii'^&f
mi-fm^fii (^5. os^b ft.) f i f i t f i mmen 'mfiicms
fienfm 'sm^ff 4 t m j c n I C H mi-tint i t i Sf-H'l-
fiitm; mi-itm'ti nfi-tmi fii-ituHi M3ifi-ffiti;
mi-itifit f m^-tstft m'mm; rni-tit^m? fi'i-titit
tntf "i-ntfiiTt fim-tinf (itwti i t . ) 4 i i ^ 4 f i ^ ;
(1) m^'i-mfii 'mf t n m ? i t i mi-ff (f. v s c - ? ft.);
(b-) mf wfm "smî t n wtfi t n ifrni mfif, mi-
firniftff fi'i-titm (mwti it); (s) f t t H H t n m?-iti
^îtn t n t f , mifi-mf'i-'mHi, ff'i-mifi it
tititfi-im-n c m ; ( i o ) wfm tnf?imi t n
itsmrnfiit (f. obb- ft.).; ( i i ) mf "mf f^trni t n
m?mi mi-îm mf-ititf (f. v s b - i ft.); ( i ? ) mt-
mf'1-ffi f?t^ti t n ^ i t i HHft 'mimf mntf (f.
8 i v 5 ft.,) ; f i f i flcn F g s f fmfi cnmei f'm t f i
mmen Sciiemir mf^ f n f&m Smi 1 ffen lei
mtm i?i2Ft^rniiHiifc?fntm-m itfitt a^n fnt ci,
m m men i t i i fm fiit?rcn cwi wfîm cmi ie? 1
mi-fitifi Sff'i-itf mi--iif^- (f o b - i / S ) S ) i ) - m
m-mfi ?te fcn f^mm, fmsmm 4 1 1 m mm (HnemiT f C 3 i 4t) imj mm tm 4mfi n 1 tmfim
it^m m i ifimtt ' I t f i i mmimei frnitfiim i tnt, c m
mf'i-ffi Sm lemm itft m fiemmjii fsmum cit m mf%; mf itmt ^ffifjen i < ifitn iHe
fien iemcmi mtei imn icn, m icn iftf fifi mtm irien i f f i ?t?icn 1 f'tfifm neit titfimm
n, mifi f&stmm 4mi itt? icn n t fiw? nrfm: .^t iei I f m f I fdw'm, n itui itfif, mufim ^ it?i
m fin 4 i t f icn 1 ff%^f%i m m imfi iteitm, mfcm n f & i i ât n t 1 cimi i m 1 fit%?t
fieii mcit^m fieii finei m 11 m icn nt t?tm i f iti?m fi'lt .at iei fiemf" ( i t ^ t f 1-
Wl m^r imfi ât n meitntiitm fcitmm uttm rnini, f. (tsi) I
men 1 tm 4fii5 m fi imrs tm cmum 4 i t m mntci 4ffl m i mnimt f ^ 4 i t f mtn?
ifiei I tn'1-Hfi (m-fi?ii', ?<t? îsi), t n mtft? m i e n Stci I f i i n 1 fmmaim icm tm wrmm
(mi-Hmm nfi-fimt), m-itmf (fsmf"i-tim), t n Smfimf I f f mm fmmi t n ?tm t n ^mt wfm
?tsn m i - n m i i f (fiitfi-fm), mf tiwti (mtii-.f"f? I t i 4 f i ^ I mfiji ffstn tff*^-m (f. so^b
timw mi-fsmfit) mi-it^ mi-mi-itf (mfi ft.) -ft? Hii4ci? I t m ifSFt^ f ^ imm s n itcimt
mim) m i ffcn itfeji fff 4 m ^fiîcn 1 tm i m , ititntêi 4tmiT ific 4T?ti m, f'if?f ci?
m 4itft mr CI, f i f i f'm t f i mmm i t m Hmten nteitbit i m mt itftm mmf? fiie? 4fie^ mnr
t n t f fiêm
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v s w r n c T O f i f f e T O T O ? i1!? w f c ? Wf R'3t^ sf4tR ^ M c ^ ?tAf'*tRt Wf'-'^^ l*p^-sl

Wt-t??lH 4tRlR R?JIFt^ 'i||(;'=1tMl15y(:A^TOJl i R ^ RwlWllT
^^R I Wt|t?^'R-f? t ^ A W f 11? t^P% WlR-?r^'R
^[ft ( M ? i\S\Sb- ft., '5. Aii) 'WtltA^ R ^ Rt' R ? 3 ! ^
M r o ^R? wtcRtsRt 4f?c M M R , ^ V ^ I ^ I J J 2 j
; (8) j l L l ^ i j j j j ^ l
5 j L = t _ o I d J a <_j_aLoVI p i L A J j j - Q ( _ j j j i j i a J I
( w t R - R - w wtR-wHlwr, % i 8 ; ' s < \ A i ) RTst 4c?i4l^
^ 'S M M r a r c ^ , 1%'^ ! T O ? I t T 4 'S fiT? tAf^ t,t? AtR, 'TOCt? M t 'S RTO i f ? ! ^ 1 W M t ?
Wtt-trft f^'R-ftsiM ; tAf 'Wt?5'R-Wt?TO t ^ WltflOT? Rt ? 5 M M TO? (?ttC4?t ^ WTO? I tRt ?t'tTO
2te?t? M f W W A? I tAf Wf?ff RIIabI t^pr At7'Rttt4 5 M T W f M t tAt^ R M t^jR ^4tRttR?
^MltiW r5?MT R m B a?I TO? sf^N A t c ^ t R t W ^ RtWt^-'il ^^tRl^sM A? I lilt TO41A? t M t ?tlRttR?
t t k lPrTO I 5wtRH M l ' s A = i t I M t m t ?iR M Rt, (Rtte? w f t t ^ t , 5'tM TO? TOit?j ' w r # M
W t ^ W t R t ? Wt-^'^ Ât^ R t ? T O M<tR TOt TO>tM At^tte^ I M R 5 W ? R M i ^ t M ?st?r At^ t ? l M ' w t M w ?
iili|RIC1 %1R ^t^jf^'R-Wtfett'-Co (TOl? ^ W ^ f T O ' S 2 t 4 t M W M ? R RSR ^ "StTO fittrote? TO ^ ) t R t Wt-^-%?
At^lC^) R % ^ M r t t A R T ^ ' S R t R?,lim TOTt?I M l R? 1AR ^pi Wt?; 'Wtf AIRfR t ^ "5AtRf^ t M w R CTOI
R k W T I R ^ M 'allWlHll'iA 1^143! ^Rjllt^'l I WtR-Wtsft^ tAR ^ R t ^ M A? I C^t ICt ? t t T O ? T w t ? M f?^stRR
'S'TO^'R-^pfsnttR 'Sît ^[TO^'R-4'Hlt't'i tea) " S f ^ TO^l^ M R A t ? t M TO? I R M , itRtRt's M R Rtwr
W l R T R ^ f???t WI4IW ? M I TOICtJ C 4 t ? C 4 t R R t w M ( T O R
2 t f M A t R t M 1 t t r n t ? ^ t t ' s ^sitRt tr I ?ir?j
4 t R t R -X[t?stMiR? t M j R , ' W t ^ t t ^ R?,"am RtR*[lRT
Wt%'R-tRRt? Wt^ "Wt^ t ^ AtTO t^?tf plt>IIW
M C 4 ? TOJ 1??tM I ' 5 [ ' t f ? f RTOtW? 2|TttTtR, R ^ M w ? ^srt^-tt^ tÎR MttCi|? R e t t f<f?? TOR I tTO 1 ? t l t
R f l M 4 TO? W H ' W l f k W 'S R t R WtR-WtRt%: tV^<l RtWRt'^'R-?t?K ^'WHR? WTtR M w M t T O t ?
^ w M t M c t M r o (R, TOt * M ^ M R ? RIR tl?<J< I i[4t ^ t 'Ât^ WtA'TO t ^ 'Wt^ WtR-?t<5tR
'*il4ltH*i(R w r t s t t t ? ^ m^ tMli'^r^^M Ate ftc? 1 % r t t f t "?fRt'R-'a?tti#t?"-iR 2trtt 'S S f t J t ^[t4t1|R
R t M -gwfiit t f ? t . ^ ^ ^ t l R ? W T O T ^ R M CTOlt f|jR?l
lilTO A? Rtt, R f A t R R T O C 4 t R (Rt? M R ' R W t R f M t t t? t W t^JR^tRtSf TO? m^ 1??? M *llAlC f ?WtR
IAR4 ^1C<) W l ^ t " ^ M r ^ I RtAt A ^ , k R 'ST?WtR- Atf^S'g^TOsfflR Rtftf]Wi? ? W 'WtfrotR? Mt?tTO
W t ? t ^ WtW'S ^ t R t R - i i R f?M Mc?? W t C R t P R f ' S t ^ U R t ^
WtlRlHt At I r? A t % f - Rt*fM A'^fl^ ^ 'Wt?MtA
?ntt?R<il?5l^'a^t<arî t A t C R 4 5 = t R ? T O ? t ? (Rl^StîfSxSfC? t ^ 1 ^ C^. 8Ab- ft.)-'9? M t T O t tRRt^ t?rt Rt
tt^tttWtCÎ TO m\ tTO a t ^ R ^ t t k l t R ^ -^m^ At?t R?-R1%W?
R t M w i R t 5'tMt's wH'wtfktR fttc^ (R M t M ^ t ? aftTOT f ? ^ 4f?r t t W I "WT TO ??R*1T;?? M ? t T O
WlTRtMR ^ R t ^ ^ M M R ^ttAR M l t R t ' ^ t M t W t ^ tR?? RT? TO? ?^tRRTt At At?: ? ^ ttt?t RÎtC??
^ ? i r 5 R
W t - ^ - ^ ^ C^. 8"bo ft.) Âf*r R ? f ^ ^ R R f R C t ? TO?

4 R t 3st?T R t W I \ t^ Wt^TOAt? W t R - f t ^ 'S
% T O tt?Ttr?? t t f f R??te? TOtrt? 1 R #TOfl?A T O
WR'S WjIRWR tTRRTO Rf*)7rsf M j I ^ Rt*(RTO?I
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Rt^fmRt^'R-?nRtMjt, W t A t ^ ' R - t t ? ^ W t - Y ^ ^
"WtM R'glTO TAf? Mci* ^ R R TOt ^ T O R , WTTO T T O
M T O T W R R M ?stRR I lilt 2tTttTt? Ri|lWt5?R " W
W t R f ' ^ ' R - T O t R t 1?-Af?1'R-'t^" ( W R - f ? T O t WtR-WtRMt
^ R - t R t W 1 - Y # , A t , \<i^) f M t R t W t ^ Wt"4R ^ti^ ^ s , at^ ? M AS S lil^l^ tRfR t i R t f (?) 'ô<^
W t - ^ - ^ M t T O R M t M i R l M M f ^RJttC^-t I lilt ft.)-'iR Wtf?tTt tA^' ^ ^ " R - ^ T TO^ R^l^lIU trsft
t^%5'R-Rr#t ( ^ t iô^/^^ ft.) M R " Q ? ^ Rtft R T ^ ' W - f ? Wt"-^^^ (^. >b1Aft.)-?'r5twft^'R-t1?TO I
t m t W r - Y ^ R t M I?1RR M*ll<lt>|5iCA? R ? M ? f R R ftl?af^ t^'R-^4tRm t????5'f^, t%f Wfe R ^
R C ^ R C ^ M R M T O t TOnR ?stRR I Mt5'R-t1??t A t R ^ <p|=ll?-iiR ttlRC'5FtRRt?sR Rtfti:T? C W i ^t:^tC?ttT
W?T ( R f ? i v S A S ft.) RtAtC t r o R t A % WtCRtMt ^ RtR TO (RtRR 'Wt?%, 'J. '08 a-) I twft^'R-t1WtR
Wtr^ I l A T T O ? t t w ?tm-t |?tRtf Mt^'R-^fTOr ? f R - Str^ SttRRtr?? ? RtTOt MfR^TIA? RtW ?tRR'?tr4
' ^ f R - i i R f M R t R t - T O C R t R t ^ Wtt? R?2m "Sfc^ tMt Wtt^TfW M l ^ 4?T A?n
TOR ?5R^rtMR I ? I C ? I M t ^ ' R - ' ^ ^ f T O t 1?''R-?stRr? 'Stlf& sjfft tr???s t*!?!'Wtwr?t ft;# 4lRtR "3 tRRtft
l A t R t ? t ? ^ R t M TOt'S?tA 5 t T O ?n?At^ R t R t - t ?5tRTf-? ?tRRt?t t??r? ^ t r ^ 5Mi^ ?5?t ?stRR, ?IC?T <il4f^
t ? R t f t?tc4m
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%w-im
iHif iH-ff"i-iif i m (im mm) mt mH HmHo ftitHitt Sm Hme^ nci?^ 4?t ^^m mt itmmei
41 n*{f "i-f^m f tmH mftrti'i-t'Hi'm i .at ^tf^ fit tfeitf i m I Hmi'1-fi I t i f ? fmf (f. hsv H.)
4t=1lW? a t f n m l mt f Wl=1 ^tc Htm slHÎ'IIIC^'Sl I'sitf "i-itm Hititf "i-mttHi- 4eit?m- SfHm-fi-m
mil mHm itHm? itt i ciHmim mwftfn-fHrnw? ifmif? 4TtiTm i m i Hitf'i-fi f m f tmi
mwt m*}f'i-'pm isR%f, ciH iH-itf"^-^ff itm-m SimeienimHi-^mmmHimHîm4mHen i
u t t i t m-mH' H-m^sHn-^tti-m stHtH^ rnnfi i . a t rm mt i m m im ?te i m m iH^t mmm,
mmtH Himf'm-f^ iti-Hft iti-itmf msi iH i mem ^ m4re m m i m mt .airnm f t ^ n i
Itmm Hfm imtm stw mm ; m^^n-^w iti-itfmmt, Hrnim-fm n t?tci ? ? itfitmHi fwHi mint
tmHmi'Smtw? H'i-mim' ^smn-mn, m^^n-mmm i m , iiem f? mH? mm (f. i o s i H . ) ; fm irm (f.
i o f l o H . ) , tm iftHHs; mtHi fm ir?fm-?tnr^
H'1-tmm, mmifi-^mHfi mm#fm-ffm t m NQ
mw^ktHn-ff m " 411^^ -sif f f I mm ?Mtttf ItHf (f. i o f l i H.), H H mttHfl-tim^ f trdt-
mHm*)f nt 4mtm^ tH#H?51 fm i f i t t ^ t n mwfH'i-mm ^ tt^sm f^m-m 4etm; fitt f?Hi m i
mmw? f t m m m s ^ g w t mtmsm Hm fmrtti i ( f i o S i ? H . ) , H H . i i i f i e i , _ . - , < II j _ o i a. ^ I j J I
4ftw ii -"tmf t n mmm tHt^m tHftm <JL^ J V14m i m mt imHci t?m' S ^ m - f i ffm
tmf I mHm m?n Htcn ( H H tfi-mm imciâ H i 4i ?m
Itmm Hf? tpt mimn-f^tH-ifi f?tmi tn ?Tm i m , cm m-m'itHi, Sfi-t f H i n m mmi Hmm
(f. I i i H.) iti-mHmtf'i-?tHm Hm mt mHi Him nt ^gMfs, 'it?5'i-?rfi, ? i f "i-trfi, tff^-irfi, m -
Hf ( f . brcî H.) m-itH' H-m^Hi-mi? mm mi- f?^, m-fm titH); itmr-m imiHi,?tcn ^ ^ i m
m^mH'S'i-tiiHm f itmHHi-mitHm t?tt5'"- i t ^ v3 f m f 3 t fm ?[?tm mHi mmHf (f. i i i i H . ) i
iHfm f tt?H -i i?Bt'i-"5im?Hfi ?m mn i .^t 4ii^ cicm^ mfe Hmi'i-itfsm 4ei t^n mm it^FTs irmti-
t ^ mmi Hmm fi? 4mtHw ?<Hm S^ Hi4t i m Sn mfi ?r?e? m f m ^ ? i f "i-irfi 4ei .at
tmHm f'mHm s?t 'miti-'a? 'ims-iw Him m i f ' m i f initmifm ?fm iHciH i m i
4t?tiT Hm mm mt f?im-?,'tfTm f t fH^Hmm^ t n mmen .^t ft imf Tm. itHcm ft âit
4 i t e t ? cwt ?j?m f?m mmt i .at mm:tt S^ mntimm? tt^m n n m? m-imfi ?ti mmt m f tm t f i
? f i i i i imH I t c i t n t ?ti ^[H#^ 1 t H w film m ?niten S ^ 4i i ât fct f'^ fmtftim icm m f n
m^H Hen Mttj, tmm frnmHitt mmt mtf?i Hmmm 4e?i lee mt mm ?ti iHHH (t?irf )-"!3ii
iHm bittern Hen fttHim^ i .itm?ett?im4iif:? ntm, Hf fme.Sm 4HHmt cut m m t i M 4 c i i ? i ?
itHm tHft n I fit?, ItHn Hmft, itHn Hm iH t?meimmrsSimiHm4Ttmimn i
mt ItHn f?tm? f'smnfe? HH^ mmi i t ^ mm'ti Snmeien f i t 'tfi mitei? Hnfi ttiien
ittm I t e i (f. 'it?fi-iitn iti-itff, 1 1 1 - 1 1 % ) I tm mmt Hemen i m it?1% n i t i m Hsf tmf?
mrf tm, mm wmti 'ittHi-.a m .aim ? ? 411 Hei Hf ^3 itfi^ttem f'm ttn Hfk f i t m
itHHrei? m t n l e e mt tm?t t n itm Hie? Hf mimm n m H i citei? mi 3 m m it?1% itei i iiem
Hf HHmten, Hen iHm mtf"i-fi 'mi^m tn fmm mitt? mn ^ ' 5 ' ^ ^ ' ^ t ^ - n n f'm 'ItHi ItHn f?Tm
imf ? i i f '(f. II>!J H . ) ^ iTifm-fi ' I t f tn mm tt? t n mHn ( i t i ^ itnf) iri%ttej? itHn
m?f^ imrnf ( f . v'i'i H.) i ciem^ mfe? .aiH iHm iit?f ItHn (f?im i H ? tt? Itmf (f. s i f l ? H . ) - ? m
s?^ Hn-ititi Sm iifiTt mfii-f^ i?'?mfs tram m i iH? tt? f?m Hsm trt?-m i?me? mH
^ l e m t T I .aiHtn itf?tf'i-tmi, iti--H?if"i- Hen i H H m'^-?rf 'mtm-m tm Hen i tm n
fimi^ tmfitmH''-mifiHn-tmrn i,i j . ^ i i ml^ttem mnn, cntn t?rm ? ? 'itHm m m
L_oL_oVI j^.i_2_lJI -> - ,.. 0
ie&, cm H ? ! ! ^ - ^ itif? fmf? ?tt?? ?tc Hrt^m-fi
. - . . . 11 mt
(f. iob->!j H.) tm 1?! ItHn ' I t f m ifm ?te
' I t f mf " i - i t i f i ^ 's?^-=ff 4 1 1
m tmf Hwfle,tm mrf tmm i f i ^ ?mnrm m m i m i mm ite?te? Hrnim-fi fmf?
ctei f'm 'Sitm' f f ttim i f i 'mn mi ?te Hn mtm im ?te itim? fmf, mf"i-itf?- tmitf
?#?t .aitn m m im i tm memtr ci, mtf tm r?f? intiHi ItHn fît? itf-'simf t??sif'^-?1^'-'^
cie^f mf^m? ie? 4HH ^titHî ât m?et t ^ mmm4etm Henme? Seiicmtr i itft nie^ m i f ^
Sn mm^Sei? 4m ie i fe? fe? f'm f^rHi 41 ?nt i m , ircm HHtH 4i i t m mfi i cm ( i )
t n t f fiêm
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Contents
?iH?nf" 1 - 1 1 ^ 1 ^ ' i i ^ i t m % i f f l - ' i - n m ; (?) m i ^ mat icn ime?tc? .at n#eiffmmf'i-iiHi-trtf

t m f e tfm; () t ? ' H f"i-^W f m H t m t H n - m H n ; ( f . i v i i ? 8 H.) f i I t H n ' m mtf ( f . i * i > H.)
(8) (<t) n ^ m H f f?Hmt #1 m H I t m fiiei lenH itmf -a Sf 4 i fien i t m mif?
i T s m t H - -spiHins; (b) Hrnits m - m m i m i ^ T o tmm; ir3mH'S'-tifi 5fif5e mm -a w t i t i - n -?i I T
(H) H m t f f mH m itmm m f i i #t mHHi t f m H n - I t i f ?^î'^^ I iifc mfin wip I'ltn ( i . i o e i
mHm'; (b-) i m m t f t i ' i - m t âm'i-i-tn; ft^m H . ) - n WtH' ? f f i f ( ^ lee ( ' m - m f i ' m - ' m i i ' )
m?mi; ( i o ) m i - m s i ' t i f mmH S i ^ ' i - f - i i .ft Sf nm stiffs ?tîci I
4?>ifc? i t f t t n -a t i t f i m m m t m 15,-am m i t m i S n Smtciren ititm^ stn fici f ' m - f f t fimen mite?
H m f l i i f m m i -a S m m n m t tm s m -a m m iHcf mei nt stm it i c ? , -Hf m f i t e i m j%mi
it'SFi^ 4 t i f ! m S i ? i w t i I f w i T - s m m i f a ' i t n ^3 mfîjitcn stm stm ?te i f c i n m*ifii f^tm?
mitm: m ^ i c i t i i 4 ^ ^ ^ c i , i f a t i S m iimm ftfw u i n i i if t f i I t i t e n S t H m f t n i S m fnt
w s m a fic ^ c i I tm i ? f m i Smîci^ci t^F ii'iiiw? srtfi nife ?? i < t t citeim mi, -a -m^f cinen
fHti mie I t e n I m m f i i m m n i S m t e m m t i i ^ 4 1 1 ^ i m n I C ? ; f ^ , tte?fw m^lfii I t m m mtei
I t m ^ 1 n n i w f l l m r n m ^ g i i i i f i ^ c i n -a mfii?ti ?? n t ^ fwtmm imen n t i i itmti
f m n w i i n t i f i m m f i i e n S n 4im3? s t m i c n , f i l e ? ^ i i?Tm I t e m w i ic? i .at its^t^ f ' m cinei?
f i f s t H i e m S ^ HfHo fit^sfit u t f n i mfmi fsfil? icm m ?rntmtiff ( f . i i H.) Sewiemu mf%f i
itemen i t t i f f i c n i fH iteme? , f ^ stm-a i c n n t tm 4 1 t i f ^ m n - t m i (fi i e ) mem ^c stmH
f n stmâ i c n i H H itt m i 'm# m f i t i i i ? t f ?t?tei I fH ift f?tm m m mtf f f ( f . ioS) H.)-i
m t i t f ( ^ . i i b - i H.) -3 w i t n ' i - f i mm^ m m f (^. ?nr?f?- icm mH -titfi, fwti-t f ? m , m-fiwm,
i i ! 5 - f t ) - t f i I t i t e n S n i t w i c n , f i f t ? H f "i-î^-
m ^ f f i - f i m , -t?^'i-m'tm -a tmrtf'i-f-?m
n n i m i H 'tii i t i t e n S n m i i f ? t f i ?ti n f i i stfi^ I nHit^ fieiw f?tmi ? t f ? ^ m (^. i ( ? o
- i m m ' m m f m fnimti " m f ( f . i ? 8 < f H.)-^ t i f f Ci- H.)m I t i t e n Sn f i f ^ 4 ? i f c ? ? H f f i i e i l ?
t n t i ( m i f ) , mmci m m m i t ^ m e r n m S n rnnritf'i-nttwfi-'a ?fw mei I
f n f e n m i i m i , srmi -a meitntmj? fiîfmotei t m , cimn -a tmn t ^ j i itmen m*[fii nf? S\i?
uiiai i m ?tmei I t m ^ B H lee iHciH s ( i ) m t H ;
ie51 m i wram mm-ff mwrf sr^^fnti, - m f f m , . f s m
(?) H m f i - ' m n ; ( ) f i t f i - f f m ; ( s ) m - t m m ;
itfimfen mf% i m m S n i t m itapt^ itemnrei
(5-) m i - m ' m , s t m H i i fH ?tmei n t ^ m ^ffiHt
H?|H stm icn I f m " m f 4 1 1 ^ mwti, t??! mfifi
mme? iftmei i finf'-m'aften ' m i f i t f i = m m m m
^c fH ?tmei I fm m t i f i i itfin f ? f i g ' i - i t f i
i r f stf i c n I ' t i f f n - t i i t i itt i m m m 4 i %
m'ltfii^ t f i I t m mtei fim I wirni 'itfii-n 4ur
H t m n 'stHi m H i t ? - i t H ' i - m ^ ; f i m f n-emHi
ftitHi, m-frntwit ?r^'?-?tH-?jt-n 4 e i m itfin
( f ? m t t^m ' m i f f i m titftmt m r t e n s ^ ) ; t?'m*S'i-
'itifi-iitn 'tfi imcn ^ i i 4 i t i icn i m -
(m?^' I t l t l <3m mwm); itfmt i t a m i H i ( i t m i - -^mfw'itc? Htffi i v n i n t tte?#, - m f Sf mjpti
tmtmi) I tm t f i m m f i m s t f ^ mwa s m t e i e i
.at 4 e ^ wiHtim stiTfi i c ? i m m 4fi^ 4 i -a 4 i 4 e i m
stff& m e i I -tm f 3 i f f i t i -5?tm (f. i b r 8 H.) nrtwms
?tcn g i t ? i f?im iitn, itff itfi'i-iti8 m f t -
m w t m itt 'Swtmt mfi'ms itei,mife t i i i t m e n
f ' m -am S f ^ ; m i ' i t ? f i - i i t n m - i t f f , m - f t f ? ;
S n n H f H m m t i c n i i t f t t i f n r m ' m f i m fai
-Itn -^wiim, mittfi-H-n^; f?im itfii m - i i t ? f ,
I t f m i i t n -a tm ^t^ten icm f i f f ? t m i f f ( i 8 . j j o
H.), '5mf f ? t m ' I t n n ( ^ . i o o ^ j j H.) m f m "mf t n Hmf n-?!^; itf?n ^[?fm i;ifn i i - - i ? i M t t , m -
m f m f ^ t m ( f . i o i ? H.) t ^ i m t e n S ^ m n i c n i f m f tifH'i--f?m; fin w t ^ m -îfim, itm itapt^
t?tm m ^ f m , f s m m n t e n 2inufei f s n f ? s t m til m t , 'it?^'i-mHi m u f t m ^ , mfiH 'iti^tmfm;
l e n n t m - s f i -a ffam m t e i f i i ^ I T i f i e m n Itfin mH? m - - i t n itwrf, itntitfitt; f ? t i i m^?tf
i c n I f i f f ? t m i r f ? fai i t f m i ?ttfmf i i t n ( f . f?mf, ' i f i f T - t tm? I ât m c m itifii fSmm?f v ^ t f i *
i o o ^ b H.) c % g i t f i j i m f i i i i t n ( f . i o ^ i H.)
t f i ififiei mit?en c m ? m ifim mtf fim
t i f w r n ' S ' i - t m r r i ' m r n t f " i - m m s m m f i fim^ nmf^ mm c i t len i mtiteii -a itHmema fienwn
s t i ^ e i m m m wtmi f i w t i - t m f i - m t f i i i m 4 m ? fH ?tccfe, I .at f 1 itittm, f'mfim >a tmfimm
i e i i f 3 p i ?#?t f n ? n - i f ? i t m*(fii mftm cstfm:
t m f fi^cm
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Contents
^ j3L.^VI,RnRt i v S A o f t . ; (^58) Rtt?JR A l f ^

W i t ? i i l 4 ^ ? i t stt?f4feo^<t>R?tlC^l ^ R t ? ? , ( > K J I ^_î-^^r, Jj {L^JlVI A ^ " , l , R t C ? t iÔif?
s r t f # t S ( i ) Wtt-ttTft'^'-^^'H^ Wt^ W"5Ft? l A W T , ft.; i^(t) A t i ? ^ ^ - R t ? R i f l ? ? R l i R ? ^ R t ? R , ' W t T O t f ^ ' R - W t R ^ T O ,
w t ^ - ^ t s ^ , R?, c w t R ; ( A ) wt*t-*mtt'^-l#f "5AtsrtT ?sc??s Ry. RtC?t; ?lf%? RtwfR^, A l f ' " R - R t ^ t ? ,
lANItt, Wt"Qt't^'R-ll<M=1l f^'R-TOftft^ "St'R-'S['fet?I, R t C ? t i v o o o ft.; ( v o l ) 15ATTO W t f R ^ W t R - ^ R t ? f , f R R l ^ ' R -
Rfwt *n?ft 'wtîtf^'R-RiTj^- w f s T5rftft-'R-t1%4H, -^gt A t ^ ^ R t W t ? ' ib-(2- ft.; (vob-) W T t - R I l t ' W t ^ ft^ f 5 >Q?t
'*lt<Mll( 4 1 ^ , Hlli| i v o a b - ft.; ( ) 1^ CRt^, w t R - f ^ ' R - RT^'R-M^^, J j CJ^^ Jj'w.ll ^j-.-.o Rv
J[l1?t M f R - * ^ 'STrt'R-RtAlM; ( 8 ) t ^ R - ^ t f s f , WtR- R<tC?t; (vos.) R t t r o ' ^ WiR-AfftSt, JAV < _ O > L C J I ^1 p 'i ^
t w ^^58^ ft.; ((2-) w t ^ - ' W t W f WIATO WH-TOfr%, J..~i-> RtCAt? i ^ o i l s f t . ; ( 8 0 ) R l 1 ? F f w r j ' R -

M t l ^ H w l R , croft ft.; ("Is) W t ^ ^ [ A l ^ A l T O ft^ ?5LTTO Alfttt, R t f ^ ^ R - t r o t ? 'Wtf?'R-?n'ft^f'R-'5lt?, R t C A I ? ;
''snfr wt^-Atpif, ' ^ A f * R - ^ R 'wt? wtf%'?-TOiR, c s m ^ ( 8 i ) - J F t f ^ 1 R 4 T O , V_JL. ^j-^ ^ J ,7, ->ll ( . j _ J j _ s L J I
ft.; ( 1 ) WI^ Wf^n? ÂtÎ^ ft^ TH*^? W!R-^5FT?f,
^JU. Rtc?t (t<c?# ^ tTO W5TO gM's ^Rtc^);
W I R - ^ R 1?i?t'R-?5LT^, R?, C 5 A T O ; (tr) ^^tstn^R-f? TO^
( 8 A ) 'WtWtRt ft#, ft?fTO5-RT'^-?tW? f^'R-?5lRt' ^ G R f R -
ft?? 'Wt^ t ? ? TO^t? WlR-TOTOlf, 'TO^'?lA^'R-?tRttt,
>Q?T'R-?5lif?; (8>0) 1^ C R t ^ , R I A ^ ' R - ' 5 R t ? f ^ ^ t f ? #1 ' ^ 1 ^ ' R -
C 5 A T O i S b - ft.; ( S . ) R t M ^PtfWR ?rs?t=J ? t K , ftf^ttf
M (88) CRt^, j > J ^ l Jj>V ^ 1 .^--.Vl ^ ^ U u J V I
m R t t M t ^ - t 'n's?twt ?pf1^'R-f? m TOt-t
.^.Ij - r V I J _ 4 l ( u f t f r o f ^ 5jCX'SPC5#lfe ? 5 f t CRtC^?
ivOASi CRt? WR; ( i o ) g?tRt ^'Rt^R ?tf?R, WtA'^TO! 'SRt
5f^ntC? W t C ^ ) ; (8(t) ' X ( A T T O t ? R t wt-r<?t^, w t t - ^ ' W t ^
t1?A ?Rtft?r-t TOTTsf; R?,, RlTAl?; ( i i ) ^ CRt?s, ^ t f t t - t
' S ? [ ' ? - ? t W ' W t ? , RtwT^p iSjiJjls '[.; (S^Jj) L. Garet, Ilm-al-
tRft?-t A t f ^ %'wt "^JAit^^; (i^) cRf^, ft?Rr^
1 ? W t ? , ^ (g. ft^pf, ft^sr f ^ ^ , vs?t t ' H ' ^ - t l W l R - ' i l ? kalam. in E.I.^, Vol. iii, Leiden 1979 1
w f ? ) ; ( i v o ) 'Wt^lRl ftft f T O t ^ R - f ? , Wif'R-'5?tR Rt?A-. W l % ? l l A ' S ? T | t ? 'S R t f W R ^[?TO1 ^ R t ? ? ? n f R R (m. R t .
twftf?*R-t1WtR, R?. J % ( i 8 ) wrj'R-AlTO WTt--tt'?tf, X)/ ^[AtTO ft^fRtR t f
1?WIRtft ?ntf'R--5?tR CFt?^), C ^ A T O i ^ O f f i ft.; ( i f f ) ^[Sj^'sr-WrsiH ( J L ^ I ^ ) S ' C ? t T O ^ ' I ft=T5'^-^SfIRlR

?tRC ?tAf ^ o t A t ? R t T O t TOtt TO? 1^ t ? r t ? ?J?A^
WtARtR TO-t, twftR -ÂI^W- TO Rt?H-t
'Wt?^, twit iS.1sa '[.; ( i - b ) RTfRTi- t R R t M 1??r^, RRRi^JA? ?tt< -^'^ ' W t ? ? R W o t ? t f % A t C R tt^SRt TO R t ; C ?
C R t R W ^ t ? ? R 4 t C ? ? TO? C ? f t t C ? ? C ? R t T O t Wtt?tR?
tTOT?t'R-^?TAftM, R?, C A T O ; ( i S ) RtfTOf - ^ A M " ^ -
stW^ C?fttR? C?n? C?tR f?Ct? t^C?5? W t C R T 5 R t ?5?t R ? I
w M WlR-'WttMt, Wt'Rr^'t-^'WTS i/At, 'Z??i iS.(2-i ^ . ;
' W t ? f RttAC^T M ? s R r ? R ? t f ? 4 C ' f i ? ? R ? TOt C? ^ f w t , t ?
(ibr) Tjwtm -gÂtf, ft^, < ^ ^ ^ i 5 8 ft.; ( i ; )
>Q t k ? ? f ? 4 f ? ? t C R t R W C ^ TOTO R?j:t tAj? t % ^
'Wt?^gtA TOt, ipHlf>|*ptft-%'Wt Al^lÂ'SI 'SRt W t ? ! * ^ , R?. R t R O T t t > Q ? t TO 1Wtfl^ ^ t ? ^ 4 f W t ? C T O I ^-^m tiRtRt
Zws; ( A o ) ''TO5'?-?1^TO-Rtft?it, ttAt?:5TO, c ? t ^ ioi
R ^ 4 ? t TO C ? , ? 5 M t ? s f t ' W t ^ CRtTO^' R ^ tAt? W ? ?
ft.; ( A i ) ' t r o RtRtt, WlAt?-t ftRRtR, R?. C W H ; ( A A )
t? 2t?nt ?#?rtci?.i tAte O T t t TO c?, l i i ^ t ?ict? ?t?t R 4 R
W i f ? ^-RIÎR, WtfR' A t M t , R?. ?1R-^; ( A ) Rtf?TR AiRt?
R t f t ? s f f t 2tC?ftt ?5?t At'ytC^ Wt? CR ?*f?t TO?t C ? , RC=siA A S
WtR--Rl^, t%5't-%'^lR-'^^'R-ft?RtR, R t Rl??t; (A8) est, C ? f t R t f t C?nR Rf7?nc??TOP,R t t 4 W ? 1 T O ? t l f ? 4
CRt?s, WtR-^'Wts "SRt ^-^'R-tRRlR, RlRRt i v o > o i ft.; R t t f R ^ (t??^''R-?n?R, ft.'Q-m, ?n?e?t isxj-b- - j . i(2-, i ^ ,
(A(2-) RTf?TR " S [ W f m ft^'R-?m, WtR-tr#t, t r o i ^ o o i ft.;
iH, AJi>, ' O o ; l?r*Ft, f ^ s T O , ???I, i S > l s i '[.., "J. A o , - ^ i ;
( A - b ) 1^ CRl?S, Wt5rtfR'R-^[?tRt, R1t. V [ A N I H W t ^ ' R - ^ t R
W f ? - R l 1 ? t 1 , % 3 T O , ???I iS.1so V0S.-8A; W H - W f R t , % 3 T O ,
ft??rft5r, t W ; ( A ' l ) 1^ CRt?s, lR%'R-WtR?t', f ^ ivOSiA ^??I i S i - b o '[., i i 8 , i 8 a ; " W t ? ^ ; ^ t A ^ ' R - ' W l W R l ? , t 1 ? A
ft.; ( A t r ) WtR-Rtf?JR 'Wt^ WtR-i5ptf, WtR-^t^t? f^'R-Wt?? f > S ? l f ? ' R - A l R l R t - C , '4t?C?t i S > a A %, A , R ? SHb) I i^lt-R^R
'a?T'Rt'tlTOl?, ?tWt^ iS>1sa '[.; (ASi) 'Wt?TOf t4?ttR, TOTO ?t?t
4 t ? J ' t C ^ C? t t ' S R t TO t A t C R t ^ f C ^ '5IC?ft % t t ? ^ , 4f5<s,
?T'a?t'rt, C s A T O i i i CRt? W^; ( o ) Wt^Rt?^? WtA'TO ?5Rvs WttTtfTO5 ?T M M ' 8 t T ? # ? stf ftM ?5?t A f t ? t C 5
ft^ "Wt^ Wt-''t??t^, f ^ ' R - t A M r t W , RlWt^ iS.'b'ls '|.; ( W t t - t t ^ p p t ? t , W t t 1 % , ???I i ; * i AoS., ? s M R ? S - i o ;
( v o i ) Wt^ " ? A f T O ft?? Wtft? ft^ sl'I^N Wt-'t?tft, '*IHRI, 'Wt?t' WtR-RlR?tf??Tt ^ t ^ ' ^ - t R R l R - ' i l , ^??I
TOrtft^t'R-tTOrt, ?1Wt^ i S . 8 ; ' [ . ; ( A ) f t ^ W t f ^s}|?(T|AtTO iS>ls1 b-oS>, W t R - W f R t . % 'St.; i 8 8 , ? S M R ? - 1 ; W T ? - R t f ? t 1 ,
t ^ TOl?R-ft?), -g-gft^' t r o i - a A i * ft.; ( ) M r o "wt^ 53, S i , ?5F?t ^53; ?5T!PT t??:'R-'tr#t?, W T t t f t - C o at. A*,
tS-^SPTORfTO, JL:L J_>J-LI J j ^ V I j J ^ J ^ j i j J I 51 J-,: ?5J?tR?'0, S., i o ) I ift R ? ^ ?5Mt? ' l l T O l t v t t?C?t?t Ate
ttRtft 1?'3e4t?
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Contents
tf^1-w1m ?8o tif'i-wtmi
citn wtH^ m?m m t#i%i tHmsnm n n m, cm ie^ fim ifeten m?t aKtfi ?i (f. mi-'Sim'
(?PH, ii^MitHf itflwm ^ leîn srcum i t i O T , mem i S i v s s f, i i , i i i ) I m^m mmm nteitnt mfemi
iim itm'mift!, f ^ fisrsm, m wmfw, CI Itftm nteitnt t?rc m Mtsj im ie cit
mmt cstcn mmtitci m I T M iff, ii'sH 111 cif-nci-si m Itm m Itmen icm nt itmitci f % i m icm 1 ifn.
mK imit mm ifntnitiif^ IC?, nt mm cn "mn mm amifts CI ffH^ nteitnt S H C I aftn cmmf^m
ifiitii ^ntcicnt fnn, it?f fmsnîifc?? i i i fffc afiimtfi arf atemi im m [ f. ( i ) mi-'mimf,
.at mtmn tiift ?Siltf I mffcien fif^ m-stmcn m fim'mmn, tmfi i o ? o ft., f. i v s i ; (?) t n n f i ,
m4? ifm mm^t 4f*fiH itm imrnnfe.amf^ ifimi i i , i o sif atm
f'itsii4t ifimi CI i n itissmff icn ifm ?fntci mm icn i f?ten m fieni S?t .aim n mifffn 1 cmt
n n mfimci wrniim-m, fig mf^ mmn ifff i?tmmif^ ifim fiiei mcitnt icn mt, nt t i mim,
mm atmfio 1 .at i i i 1 mrn-mtfff tntf mmf^ nt n atiM H? Sn memnr iHmen [f. (i) tn'^-'^ftfm,
i n im im nt tm n m:f 'mn cifwmrn citfii mi-miif'i-m%, mem i^î? ft., i i , ovs, ob-b; (?)
atffi^ I mi-^'siwif, itmtf"i-fwm, mien io?i ft., f oil 1 smmts
mn ^ê i ifim m f m i w f%ci (m^) 11 ^ê
t m S?m mmtfiiici fifwfi cit^ Snf^ ifiim
f H i f n r n ci ft mf n mm itmf mien nteitnt
mnti nm citmmi imitci ifiifi ifimci 1 fif mm
?tc mtt arfnm ?i [f. (i) firms, m'^'t-f^m, mem
icfs mtftf 'mn ifiien fSm 1^5 m cit^ttcn sjmi
milt tm^ iftm ftmfli 1 m ici^ irmfwi fiimn ici i > 8 b - f , f i 8 ; ( ? )
^ tifi atwi f i n ^ .at fll its Itmi ifim amm mi-mwtf, mi-fimi, fii iooi ft. % A I , flvl 1 ât
fimf mt (R. Blachere, Les principaux themes mt Mtsji^ 1tiem m^fi i m - f t n miitcw? ieiTv3
de la poesie erotique au siecle des Uma57yades i n m m 1 cntn ît mwten m m imen iei
de damas, in AIEO Alger, v (1939-41, 82-128) i ifim nsîs nfii- nfwcn itfi itfi iten fii ?Hmei 1
f%iim cwm icn atmi fll m i i u I imi m^ m? .atsfie fê^ ci fifm t?t 'mn mnfifi lent îf^
^tfim cw3i fll mmm mitm t cit mcit t n mtf mmm^t, "atsfie f l i m mftm me^ m cm cn w
mfm-n ifim mntf n ?m i c ^ (mmf, ii, i i o ) mt, cititn m^ me^ wmt ât mmtm i t n i 1 t m
fititit mn iBmfli i n # Hn fSmii ci, m t i m .êm le^.ie^ nteitwu.fBmi iemtei fii Htmei [f.
CI ff-im mm nfwcn iiff ^scn icm ^tmfli (i) tn'^-^=ftfi, rni-itiTf'i-mti, mmm ioi? ft., %
nt cit fitiOT fimf"i-itnt, H f I ' f - f m n t m i<bb-; (?) t n rmim, tm^^t-f^^m, mem i^sb f, f.
ifimm icm nt Sm ifitcn c f n fftc 11 it i i , i i i ] I
4R?ifl=i I i i i i ' i - ? m mi-imfg ciMsitcn mutcn icm .at m f%i mîm nt ât m f;mff^ fim-
m mem mitn iten Mm iftmei mm n^fi [f. (i) Hmnm aittfiH irsm m mHiten cim 1 t n fit fien
Creswell, A short account of Early Muslim tfg?tt?j t#ntm i n ifimen nt nen finm m iifmi
Architecture, 1958, 124 1. ; (?) D. T. Rice, L'art
Snten ci f%imât ^ên icm i t f i i Hf? ifimen
de rislam, Paris 1966, 21 f.] 1
(f. mf. t n t ' t i , iti-Sff"i-wtitfimrtg fim-miHl-
mmf,rnicmis><bb- f, f. i 8 o ) 1 m-mff citm î
'^l<Mif f c i cifmemen m m fif^t ifiim itfi fim-fienm cwm mcifwrn fin S<mn ifiifcn nt
n I ifcm .at fci litcim Mtim fli nm i m m m , f n ftfie? f ^ fif^ mntfi? Seii ifimen s (mn)
mnfm cifncmcn atf mf? .ait cicn fitst^nm atf aTfH, fffH, (lfl) mtl, fiemt imt (mi-tim'
" S i f memi (f. 1 mi-^fts5fwi, wtitf'i-m'm tim*^- ^mn-fitrnits, men itflo i i i f l o ) 1 mi-fmtf (?)
'mm, ?ii i i f l b - f , f m-80) I it%m n#famHmf f^ffcn nirm ifimen ci, S?t itci mm f i imr m
fll citm I ifi S?t t i i - m . i ^ f ^ fn m, itf^ c f m nt ftfi ?ti m?t mm Hfistem? fH ie? 1 rni-ftmf
(wtmi) f i ^ If? wen mtm f|i m?t ^ê mi-mim (1) cfmciten ^ ff%?ien f ^ iPjcn tf^nfc?? icm
fin-wt^mf (mfim ^ ) .at i m amn mfimei i mn- Himi iflei f l f&m l f l ittfn f n iHmiei
cien citm ifim fin iii-ftii ?tc itftm nteitnt niTt liiten 1 m i "ff^ mt ci mmtfm cficn Siif%
atmtfl ?tmci I S H .an 113 fn ci, t n n f i fi^-tcn n m ^ftmj arf5fi? c f ^ icim I W 1" fH .iit n m
nH^ mm (. o)-ci wtfim (mPim)-n cn cm ^ cie^ cftm m ffi lfl cfien meifwm im
t n r f fifcm
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Contents
t i f i - m i H
m H i m cwm c i t c i H i c H t n RR)^!? mt m m
mm f m atn atHm i H itcHfw ifii fien n m i
m t m c f m m t f f f ?tc S e i t H i f i H C I mif fli
( 8 ) iini imei l i f ' I f f g?im "tit iti-mtf? t n
ffi mn Hf'i i # H c n ( t ? ; H ' , m c H f. f i . , s i . , ?ti>.b
. (?vsti> ^Ho/b-ao-b-s l t d ? l u i f ne?) mft mu t?te i
?.bft fMi#t ?t?tci mt atm .atii atmi imei itf^tt

i n f i t c i w r m Hf5T 'tfif^ n , fif mn Hfcii
HH mf? H?iei ffe ?jim I C ? H I (fl) mf'i-'itmi
tifti c i f ^ i c n cC3j I t n i t f ^?twtH i t i - H l f i f f .at cwm
111-11^1 ?if^ t n (f. oio/ti>??-c)-m ? f 5
m - m f f
H W * t i ' s f i i i t W s f m i f i : : cstt i c n , c m w f f f i ,
mHH tu I (b) fmtcn ifi?tf itf m ' m ? iti-Hf?i (f.
mm, H % t i t f i mH ffi sfff^ H H f ^ i f i H i f s f ^
oio/ti>??-vs)-m ? f 5 mHH tH I (H) .ait aficsf mf'i-
4^1 m r i H mH" c i l - ^ c n .aif ffHH stf^fl if?c.
Hm' m i - f ? m f (f. vs?vs-b-/ô8-ib-)-miiH'a tu i (v)
i c 5 t n I S ^ i f e f ^ s f c n .itift ?tcci ff f i m te. ( i )
iti-Hf tSflê? ?nt? SefHif?
(ib-8-?flti>/b-oo-<ivs)
fm^f-l-tHH, I T H H f t . , f. oi, vs?; (?) Bibl.
I )imei.aift Hitm Snf
ifiltcn 1
i i ? H S >
( ^ . 1 ^ 1 e_.i:iiî
Nat. H f t i l , I t ovsSb-, I 3 t 1 H o ] i H e w m i - 1 1 H f (1)
.at atiesf fienme? f H isu ifimen ci, ?fie^ .at
2tff^ Hf?f^ i f i i t cife f i H ^ 5 ) i : n m f ^ f fmt 2tffi tSfie? m ff iime? if^ mt fm m nutf
i f i l t c n ( H t f i ' S ' i - ? | T i i , i?ti>ti> f t . , i i , ^-bv) 1 .at S m
ffHm I C U C I Hf^ G 3 f H m i i H c n i c u H i t u m s
aitfti wen i t f i ^ ^ m it^s mt ifitHien .aim t m
fif3t H t i t e ? m t tHe H m i mm citi H i u n ice

Hypsicles lH t lisn aff^.^
m ^ S f l l len I t c i l f w i
HI f m f t f i n Sell i H te?nwi c i , .itt m f i t f i ( 1 ) t n t i I f f i ?ifi I t e i t f i tSflim Data

f f H H , c i t s f i i .aift HesT? m t i n l t H m e j i .at
S?it H H ? i m H i f i i ?te . i t i t n s e n , Svo^lUc n .at afici Sell im m mt atnH t m n SmfHs
itf f m r n m f i m n i f i i e n atitfi m i t t i i t f i ^ci C I , fiem^ fim?ll tSfie? mssfiwje?? nteitnt
?tHei I ?nt iHmflcn m - H ? f f 'liitm fi'i-fitmm
% f m
a t ^ i i t 8 n e ^ Sflfvi ? t H e i , m i s g. i t ^ n ^ i 1 t 1 - H 1 ^ H-Slffil" (ijj j ,7, 1,1 6 j j l ,^\ \ ^ <JI-UJJ

S. Kahwaji (E.I.^)/l1tn . .1 "W) "tSHcn Hut msgfnii^ it^gl>3 i^" 4 e i ;
1t1-?tm t?f'l-m?^11 (ofl8-8vSo/ti>'bfl-ioOb-); 'Sm 1 t 1 -
'%R['^-^^f^rrm ( i ^ ^ i + j i ^d^) s emit), m f i f i
vsiM i t # ? m i t w ?tc i 'mmi f i m t i f

H m (8>b<i-fliVio'^8-ii?vs) 'liHm it?? t m f i t t
itimmfn i Siffii" {j<, i _ a r _>i <Jl.-uJ

fien t S & ^ - m fi f S I ^ (Euclid's Elements)-m
m ^ t e n H H C I w j i f i f n m i f t i f i f M it i e ? i tm V- ^ ) "tSfênmsgfiimg?mmS'ltfi
n mmt \<Mc-i< .itt H H f ^ m r t m f i Hen m # i i i H n i m ? Htut its!^ H?" fei mt mfi'i-fi if'-
^5HfiHt ( L . _ > i ^ j ^ ) 4 ? i i c ? I m f i t e i mmt mfif^fi ff m?r^ "m?-f? Sfi Siffii"
(fls><i-.bHVi?oi-H8)
(Archimedes)-m m c n m f ^ m H c H (Hero)-m i f i
jj.. j-^j ->-.) "tSflê? fmf? fntns
m f i f m i f i l i m ^ ' H e n ( m i f e , j J l j h j . i ^ ) itme=< "t?f?fHmtSiffiis(^j_Liji ^ ^.>-=^)
m e i m t i t ^ i e i 'mmH' n i t 4?i ic? ( m i - i t f e n ie "tSfie? mssH'îf? nc^ w u " 4?fm i
mif m m m ? t c i f i f i H i , m m ? ) i ( 1 ) ApoUonlus-m The Conic Sections (^>kUI
'mnen icu m f i f ? f i i t i m t ? ^ ^ f ^ >sif f f <Mi*i mtH m (rH atHw? me? ? f 5 ?tmfli;
4_j-Ujjî)
f & H I H m s (i) m i f i i H i f ^ mHw? f i ( o i m t m atn mH it?m t n f H t n H f i ? - n miiw
ii) I (1) a t n H i i f i m ? ifiH mei tSfê? w i t f i H ? I f m n m icn mi t n i t f f t i t i iti-Hff ( f .
f l f o ^ l f ? (Elements of Geometry) ( J j ^ ^ I 11H ?iv/b^^s>s) mt cn fiH m m len nfi t n ^ m i
ijl^j^l e _ . L : i S ) H H ? n t ? m f l flt1?UtHtf^?tcli ( 1 ) IVIenelaus-m The Elements of Geometry,
( i ) T?ymm t n f^f t n Ht?-m m j m S c i i c h h ,
mfi tmfiH a i f ^ ^ i f m i e n i wtn iw i f u n
t m e n . a i f t ? f5He?im m f , m f t i f i i ? m t i f j ? ^ , fSffw imfi i u t ? i f ? f i s i f m i n itemn icn i cm
t H H'-^Hei H?f6 I ( ? ) t i m i ' t n ^ i t n m p m f i
i t n i T f ? f i f i i iki t m H i m ifH-ci f m
3 ! ^
mt m ? m - m i t f i t n f n t (?iti>-b-b-/t^8-ti>oi) m ^ 41 iti-ni Hi-itiH'i-ifsi' mi-fiimH'i-f'mmm

I t e i t f i i f c m f s . a i f t i t m i i (o) i t i - ' m ? ? t t i t n (<JJ>1I A u,.-]\\jiiLH\ JldJI ^ J ^ \ ) "Survey of
H'^ mi-mHf (^Kis/b-^h) t m m # m u m t i the transversal and harmonic division" mt?
tHc 1 ^ ^ m t u f i i e n i H ? f t ? t e i i f n f f e i m f a t lâftfi ie? 1 flit mfe Cremona-mf Gerard l | i
t . fi. (t/oi t n t f figeit?
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Contents
TF?'l-?Nlt
Ul$1 vstm n (Liber Thabit de flgiira alchata) i tf^ 4e^ Srtme5; 4tfti iHien 4 t i f i i 4tiiffi
irfi'i-%T m ' - f f .at ti1tci f m 41 twff 1- m t 4fiten i f f i n nt 'afn m i w fifg fiei
M H ' i - n s f - m R)H<)iC4 m m i m I fei H H mfif? S f n f i i t e n 11S^ ?t?t ie 1
cim nfH HciriHH? cfHi fHitmr^ 4Hf? c^ wtfifite^ I t m e n litenFf 4iTf m t n f i
icn I Iiteitnt? i n 4H ir% 4iJt 4im 1?ten ? n t ^
() Pappus-m int (The Collection of tHif fic^ 41^ ?tis
Mathematics) ticlw l i t i s 1 ^ cmci? m m ? / 5*1 i t f 8 m - i f s m f n f (^. itf. ?oV ^sb),
mH %c5fi tifci? Sn f m âiH m f n t tSfl^cn I f " i - f i m t m-wt?tft (?i8-i(^/lr^^^-8o); f i m 1lf?
Tf^fsT a f^ss
T H I C I f m tii I fit?Si^ (
(5) wttiH H I C I ittiHfScn m n f s (i)itf f^tnt 4ei?f tu"; titf'i-itiiti M T F Itmt H ' 1 - m m H ' i -
m f e iTtti t n t i T N ii mH* i m ^ Hi S i f f i i LKJiil U j I j ^ 1 ji^yic^Li^)
mt On the sphere and the cylinder ( C i t m ( ^ j ^ i ^jVi "tSfiK^ 4114fm ift tm eitif
fiPl*!? tim) I fwt T N 1^ (?s.S)Ai?) ii m n H femf 4iei", tiitit ti'i-itmtH'i-ifiit fii filR
mitl ncitiic^fi T N imtficm (<^?b-/ivo?b-)-m H ^
intcn 1f%ni1 m m i n n 1 (?) On the squaring
S l f f n (^^j^sAl] ._,Li$ i>o < ^LLi\ LlUii j)
"tSflse? 1131 4tW? iHfn", F . fi?Hi, iT?e?t
of the circle ( s j i l x i l ,5_ÛI ^ j : j ^ i J i j ...C, ^ )
iv58b-/iS>v5o, 1 . \o<^s. ^3 Suter ? i I Iff fit T N *ftfi?
f D 3 ? i f m tilci nmt 41, Itfi i m i t n tf?ti'
mH; i ! f ? ^ ' i - f i It-ff l f l itciif*i tm (F??m, ?ffj/b-'^vs), I T L I I T F f i i t ? i H ' i - i t n H M -
m .aiH m m (it mntm iâWihso) \ ( ) The ?tft'3?t'l-ff??Tt jll J K ^ V I <-^l j . . . <JI _ ^ )
Lemmata (itl-lf'^l) itfi 1 ^ mH 'ait itf'1- (<_;_>iiij"nicitif? fSsRên i m e i ii" (it^.
? t m I t f T N m m m - ' m f ii fit itntfw m^lt? i8<\(t, vs; i f f o ? , S.; Koprulu, S ) O o , i 8 ; J\oi, i 8 ;
(vD'ô-svoi/^b-o-ioso); f f f mimtn 4iift ? t 1 f ? v s i i ; BodL i i . hbo); fi'TTMF'l-ltn'!
rm Icnm tm m m ifiltm i ( s ) Measuring the ' (DILUJîi ji.^) "ifii m t e i 4tifii ii" (itt. Bodl.
side of a regular hetagon inscribed in a circle
i i , J8\o, A : m t e n ^ 1 J ; Sarton iS>\o); f i n t f "l-ltmt
fC53? 1 3 8 1 < ^ ^ ifen m ? tni Hfi . ...-.)' H-ITITNmntiFItH?f ^lîb^lju Uj^ji<-^...IS
( s j i i i j j i , ticnitf mimi-ffcim^ftffitft n H
"cifen f 3 t i n " (. ti?Hi, 1 . o'^s.) 1 M - M T F , Hint
411
HM-fnit(5 ...-.II ^ 4ji_Luj) " M ' T ^ m t e i F H I T "
( 1 ) mmwtl^m Hero 4f 4ir?f, ticn tm
(fv?ra, f. vo<^S., It^. Bold, booh; U f f i l v o 8 f e l , i i ) ;
fim?ti ^fiSiffii ( ^ _ ^ d . . j i j i s ) "tSH Hitit H n - f i f i i fiifi-fiiit j<L,:7j.i ^ <ji
ifiiFt^ fimf%i ntm" fittf'i-ftit^ wti-i?tfiiTts
<); .^-iii f"wfti
4.i Hitit M M H m fHit" (it^. mttn ^saî.
^^jj Itmti tnfi-miit i t i - ^ fn Smftn
( < _ p l ^ j ^ l J ^ l ._,lJiS) m (Pneumatics) TILCI 1
ificici t?f i^fti CI, 1nn^'-n m ^ c n itirci

m m wHi itisi^ mt mri cmm ifiifen ((i?fi>3, f. 01s., ItH.tn fnt, f. V Sic?); fitf1-
imtifcn ift ififbt It IC?' nt itfnstci witfîf?. inHn-nî' (^Lkiii j i j j i v L ^ ) [fi?Hf, f ob-o;
nH? iH 4eiicn ft ifif5 n I 1T, H F H L ?8(2-1, v o l ; ^ S - b l , i v o . Esc. S.1i, ?; Itlfwiti
? I fsfifim t[i (8f-s>i/io-i(M ii) I tciic*iT m i 8 8 . b , a]; fit? f fimt 11' m-itnt' ini?"^
i n f^fitci, mH i i i j i f ? iimimtci f f i t f , m c i t f w imti-fitH'îji ij^^-jj.! ^ ,., . ^;^L_L^
Iteitfi t t i i f l i I "ifi^ Itn ifiei? Sif?i" [it. utfii
^î^11^..^
n M tff 5ê, ficiitei s f / i o i i t f ? n ?tc ^ s v s ' i , ?e; it?e?T -bi, ihH] I

mnen ^îf^ m m m t i îf 1 1 ific itci 1 m m m-itmf (?88-v5ii/vAb-^?s>) .fientc? mft?,
fiwen lenH itm (csfjtfHm, mitifiiif, ffwiff) f3teitifife f m m t i n t citn n f ? fstcitlfif?
4 t f H ipr^?ci f n 4 i t i wififi 4îfc?? ntm mt n m f mfci n i H c ^ n iruei tm- 4i^ fifemt^
1 ^ ifnt ctm; f n f n iH fim itfioH n, fien 11t?tn^ I .at m ntm Reglomontanus (i8vs4i-'^'j3
i^ 1fijfim; fSicitifiH itfifo fitif^ n; 'sifff '^.) w fim nt ittf*i^voic? i n ? i ie?i 1
tnf fiiem
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Contents
8 "t'S&c>Js<i t?se4? ?tm stMf RtM
AJJi (MM 'SVS); S. '^h'^y, M t R t S f^'R-'^-TOtf^'R-R c R T O f ?ftct?f" t r o R M C?in 4?t TO C?, t?g'R-Atwt? I
"5rwptt%-^#M 6jj d ,711,16jji, ,^1.1 j_sJi f Jiu-j) 1TO ôT%4 tC??tT rAl? "^PlfWT? ' F M ? T ? A T M
i?r4?'s Rwl? ?5MM=R I lilt sr?c^ lilt 'sMI^TOtTOtt
(^...i v wtR-^^wtf, f%l? 'ftît itAôt^ troR'R-'^^
?cft c?, ? f ? tttt t M s ? f ? ? 3 t R t ^ . w i R - M # (^st,
I
' S T r f ' R - ^ f ^ t ? ft? Mt'wtf^'R-ftRt? I ^1

' OrG?Tc?? Mce M ?c?? t t f t i?tcA? ^ t ? ^î^l^
^ L i ^
< i _ J
iss), i j o ) T
- I
^ L ^ l iiiLLx.^ ^ ^ L l ^ l . J L ^ I ' f t R t t ^ ^ ^ ' S S f t i s r c ^ ?

? t ? ft?tCt? C 5 t t 4 C ? ? I -
TOT s i W t W % t ^ T t R f R R T O ^ s j i T O ^ " ; ? t t , # t Wt'RtfR'R-

b-h/ i A * t t T ^ 8 * ^ T O WlR-TOTtR, M t R t t T ? A Rt
MtAfs ( < ^ L - J l i jLo-ci ^ ) "ÎMR R'^fM t^M^" W?WRt "gRtrot t?5tt? ^"fM j _ i ^ LiLxûJ
_.ia| ^ 1 " < q I j j I .1 jj-o J< .7,1 Explanation of
vs TOTR, M W s ^ t t ? t f t f ' R - t ^ ' pp'R-fft'STrf'tR'R-
difficulties raised by the postiilates of the Book
Rt^STFOITS M ^ - ^ ' # ' R - ^ W , ^ I j Ll ^ <J\ ,j)
of Euclid" (trg. >ntc5? SXJsH; t r t M Shs^y R t ^ l R t
ÎjJI ^ 1=^LJJ\"CTO
M - W t ? ? 'Q?T'^-'54l?TRt (ttt. R t t C ^ i o A o ; t T t M A S e v ,
(SLLAJ.! i = ^ l ^ j ^ j i l
2|?^ ^ M t M M trtM
H, A S - J s i ) , M? t^-?tM ?ft?s?Ct? WTtt^MTOtTO1
^ s f ^ T ? TO^ C ? t T W ? , T O ( t f ^ .
ASabr, i ; Sedillot Notices et Extraits, i t , iS^s);

S?/ i t t T ^ S ? l R ^ ' R - f ? Wt'--'5'f, i?RTRt Wt*f-
MtlRt^ f?5'=^.ISF|VS?ift o f t R ' R - TOrttMôt ^ t ^ t "WRAT ^
^ t l R ' R - w P T O f R ' R - R f ' ^ l s ft? Mtf?'R-?t''^?t ft-'TOttftM t t ^ ^ f R - ^ T g f ( ^ L k i J I J S ^ 1 5 J L ^ j ) ; ^^sftc? f^ cm<FS
^ ?TttTt 4f??1WT TOl TAf Ate c4tM R?C?tt ^^sr?C??
(Tit. t T t M A 8 ( 2 - V , V ; sedillot i i > l s ) ; tA%['R-4l'S?n%T
5TT?TC^ tf? CTOrft? l3IC?5ttf?M 1fe . ^ t C ? TOf_A?; TAft?
W t R - T O W t f ? ? ] ! Wt=T-ilK'^Wli 2 ... I I j i l I J J
^R^tM ( ^ J _ L L s I J J - ^ i "Examination
(Sjj-o^l (ttt- t r i M A S e b " , A ; SedUlot, i^sS)); ' T O I - M f of the Elements of EucUd". ttt- t^M db R, dV,
ftcTOofc? cTOTî? C ^ ^ ? " C t ? atf wt^^ ftc=i? I R, RnM W ^ . C?T? i a S ) 8 ) ; V s I A H ' s I ^ R T T O t ^#M
(i?/ iit -t^r^ 8 t ? ^ ' R - T O ^ WtCTOs^ Rnc CTOI- ^ (ttt. 1^M 8 H - J s i ) , lit; R?55T
AfC?C?? W l T t ) TTO t C ? ? T O W ? T 2 ) M Ml? I ftt? W t f ^ t m T O ?T?A 'Ril t??t?sTCR t % f l ^ - T O 1?t4RCWfl
R T M < H H ^ < ) -STC^T M r ^ f t ^ ' i c ? t i T ( % '^'R-wt??t' '5fc?c4t sj^t c?tsM "5N:?T Mwtc? ^ t c ? t t T
TOR,
{^L-fîi j j ry R f l . ~s??ro i \ 5 H i / i s > e i , o t , i a s 1 . ) 8 "TO^'R-M W t R - R ! T O 4 l ? f - ^ 4 wtt?t^'-f'#R J l <: ,7.1)
tl?A ^ - ^ t M M - T O T O I T 'SRf'R-'wtTO ?t H % 5 ^ (^..j ...1-.I I ^3 t ? ? ^ A 1 ^ ^ t f t ?tTO WR-?ift ( b - i a / i S i A )
?3?3 sf%5 V5T?T eft's.
tM ^ôd, AA^s R, A I S - J s ; F s c .
t ^ M s ? ^3fr^[3|R55p^ T ? T R^f^'SRl?"; M H [ ' - \ T O ^ S)(2-A, trtM bvd^y A T T O t ? ? w.rm -^mvf wi?-%?t^
vswi^s-^Mt? wm-TO^fiiMk .>iJ IJ jjU-ri v L ^ ) (Vii/iSob-) 4 ? 5 s t f TO? "^^^f? t ? M t f t C ^ TAR

TstfR-i9 ^51^5^ RT (tt^. R)v5Pi5i tf^Rf^ b-Jso/ioSib-
(o;Mij'id II "Analysis and synthesis in Geometry";
RtCî?) I
TO51RT ^ A l l tt^, ?W? 'WIRT ^ ? 5 > # % ? M-^l<t>1=1l('R-
S>?/ i ( f t t t ^ 8 WtR-?5rf ( ^ . b ^ V i S A S , ) , WR-M-
t l M M ! f ? A M - ^ ^ ' ? - M f t ' ? I T t " oLi ^ <JLi_o)
Rf5'R-^f?TT #f tRft?TW ^fti'R-Rt%t
J j ..-.VI |_j-a <-^l "I's L_o L^l 5 J L i i l (j^j J la] ,_y-Lc I j j
"Determination of the perimeter of the circle" 1
(5 j_iaL;Vl I Analysis of a doubt, in response to WTtt?M tMrt "5?M TOftc?? ^ ? # Rif^*^
Euclid in the 5th proposition of his work MRt s (4) f?c5?t ( i ) s f m R ^ ?Rt TO c?, 1?M
"Elements of Mathematics"; TO>Ms MTAItf^'R- ^ - R ^ M R t M '^{C4? 'ffsr^R liR? 4l%t?f b m I P i R k p
TfStmrsfWH--5?5'Tf?s' p . M ^ i l L^Lo^ ^ 5JL5_=) St^JtRtRR WfCRtMt ?Rt A t ^ l C ^ C ? t ' 9 M R R t T O ^ ^(C4?
"On the surface of the parabolid"; TOslRT? "ft -t??'it W?Ct W T C R M R ' ^ C T O ?TttTRTOT2rc?lW%t I iilt?it
tTe?T?lR''R-?5't't'R-TOn1?5' . La I I ^ I j ^ ^ 5 11 a -)
m^ ^RtA?t (^f^RiiJt R ? 2 ! ^ TOÎR^C^ ^ t ? ^ W?Tt?R^ I
lilttfC? CTOIC?R WSS"^ ^fSR^CA^ ?R I^SttMotC? ?4Rt 4 ? t

(fj_jî.:LLI wf?^C^ *m > I * T C 4 ; TOslRT "ft t T ? t ? 1 ? ' R - 4 l ' '
WT-?IT%(.iLI>ll j _ k J J I 0 ^ 1 ^ ^ < J L J ^ ) " l ? ! ^ ??
At^lC^ TO? ti?^, R ? tRtCf? wr??, R?R Wt?t C T O T % I
tsjC^ttf^lM RRTTtRêAS RRtTO At?ItC^ I
R ' t M WlCsllMl"; TOslRlS ^ ^ ' R - T O M ' R - ^
Wt?lRC4 WTTfRt ^3 Wt?T tfffttM
ftwtMs?
M M l ? ^ ? 3 ' f M ^jVI 5JLL^ ^5JI_i_o)
.^tl%t!C? ' ^tTOt
2
R C ^ CtCTO? C?CAW stt''MtC?
^?3 R w R cn?? tt?1^ e f t l R i M M ^5tc wf?TO R T O R t ^ f 1
tM5t1?'ê?>R
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Contents
?88
i m - H s m m f ? m ^jmi. f3#rsm w n H f n w m m*nw (e) t?r m f ' m m i wtfif imm^ m f f i f i

%f#t i m m i # ? m n I m t f m t f n ftwtfffi (Geodesic) i H m i e n mijci m f t i l^1llf? f i i t t m cut
w m mf*ftn m t f m m f n t m i ât fiW!Tt?t m n t t e i f ? mntct%-n f i m ^ i ^ c n ?mfm w f t i l e n
m f m f t (?r, mr-mifsf f s , i f i f s m ^ : ^ i ? c m ci^tw? ( I f f ttfi? mf. ?i?/b-?'H I t e i l f i % c m H f ? i m Setfei
m m n tasm i f w n i m m m n m n f m i t?f 'ai t i s f f i i mmn i t i f i m mw\s ie? f i i w m , i i t f t i
mzsf Scim (?r, m i - m ? t f (mn c f f i i m i m o f i c n - m m m m f n i t m - n S n e ^ m i c n ) 1 m i - m m f irmem
mffms w m f ^t: f m mHm s x^+b^-bx^-'a S i f o o f t n oioH I t e n c f e l t f i i itirw H f ? i c n ; m i -
n I m i f f ' i - i t ? m f f iofl ttmw a m i c n c?tfi? I i H i f % i
(?) m f m i mfif? i ? c m f f w t w i f i f i m S m i f i ? ] m i f t ? m^ci m f i 1 m i - f ? i f mfsss m e n m r t
v3 fnsft m n ' a i . f n fim-f5fmnfif' i t m m?r m f f m f m t i i i cm3i osiTffi8i vs f i a i m e n af^ffiên n t m
m f m m m c w i t f f w f f i n m m n m m t finrntfi n i c n I f f i f?f^ anten nifc ifmmten f i n H iiteitnT
mm i H m i m i m i fit f n f m t c n m r t c i m i c n I tmen ie?j f n c m t f H , cmrtfH, ntff m
n n m r f mf4fw n t m m mm n t t m f;fm mm cfivsjftf i H c i ^ i m?fe citiei? m i t i ^ S i f s , i f i f s m
f i n m n mmi f n tfimi (table, ^j) S n m?t n t f s m atfiifHo n 1
m f i i min:t 2tff^ i m ^ m f l i i (8) ti^m^m-iimm c n f ie "wifil? atm memffi
o T i M t m f c m i - m m f sin x-a cos. x i f t m i f t c i = n ^ ?tcei f f i ? i H m n , 'at n i i f i m n wftimft,
n t m m n .ait ficm^ f^tft m f i m m n s f t i m m , 1 ? 4tfm, w f i m i e n fif^ atim i t i im?
3. imf%? 1 ? m m , i t H f i m n , ti i m i t tTtH" 1
Sin X = ? = = ( t i i Fgftfcn m^'fs f s i j t c n m r ( e ) mfif? .aiH ' Q i f f f atemi cm i t i m t^;
mmt m*H-'ai m f i m s t m m n 18</ioi i m f c m^ "i- m f i H m iâftff ?tm f i H i f t n m ? f ^ ftm, f n

vsmm' faicmififc m m S ^ m n m n i f f i Rci* H f C W ? S n m f i ffemm. Corbeling, Stalatites n -
i = i i i ^ srmfi i m s f ? H fifi ? i i t f n I t m i t e i f i f i m m ? m f i m i i m
Sin (a+b) = Sin a Cos b + Sin B cos a fiitt m n IC? I 11m ii-'^[^ti? S n m m n i t ?
2 Sin a = 1 - cos 2 a i f f s r m m f? ifiifir 3 t I
Sin 2 a = 2 Sin a cos a (1) m m f 8 f i f i i 4 ? i f ? i i ? f 5 tH^ m t f i H
1 ? n t ? f ? icm Suter c m i^tH? S e i i i f i m e n 1 o?/ isi
sec a =- tg'a
Cos a irnfc I f f t t f i ? ? f 5 fiti m l i i f f n - i f t ^ m - m f i
f f i fsRtfsil f^fCW? I f t i (Sines) I t J ^ ^ f^sjlf? s|lfS> vsm'i-fHmts (i^jJi ... .11 j n ^ v i <_i _H_O) m t
i m s 8 f / i o i t m f e m<['i-vsmitt' ? f ^ m f i H mm f m w s n
Sin a _ Sin b _ Sin c m e n I f n 'aiH i t ? f i t n e i i m i i f i i w i f f i m e i
Sin A ~ Sin B ~ Sin C (f. F. Woepcke, JA-C [itrflfl '^.l, ?ilr-<N5 \5o>!,-e>!,) i
t n wt Qrav/iooh), ? t f i f mfim? 4 i m i , f i c n i?u m t l t d I t m e n ^fte m cit m m t "s?^f f
fgft n t i i c n s c i t s H m e i 'aiH i i t e i t n t i m m 1
SHft Itfi t n f ? m 8 - ? itgfif^ f f i i t ? t I ' t f i -
cos a cos b = [cos (a+b) + cos (a-b)] mn-Itmft f i t m ' 1 - f ^ ' J L j j ^ l j J = J L ^ L ^ r, ^ )
t m I C I smi ?tc 'm m m mr i 'at n r f n (^_^Liii ^ . ^ ^ j ^jji, tme itfififm S i t n i I f n e i
m f e mfif i f i m m m ^ 11 nifc ii% ' Q I ^ f < f ^ t f ^ m i i t t i f i t m laiH im i j i m e n i c m m m
i f i m srmfi n 1 c i t i t m i m fim, i f ^ c m c ? m -Bffici f f t m t c m
i f i f T s ? Iten ci^sjii 11m ifm|f%i itff? i m i H f ?
'Jsi/ i ? t 1 l f c W t f ^ t n ^'lll'll?' cos b = cos B
"integeai sums"-m n f i T f i f i t l e n i i f i m e n I
Sine lat i f i ? i f t i m c i i f i w f i c n 1 i t c m i i n t K I ,
m H >s?5f f f ij n i e m U ; tm ?tcei tSfK? m
mf. i??o ^. Fibonacci S i f i i i H i t e i ^ t H m i m n t
i H m f f n t i ?tc m i3fn i m lit m ifif2|fi
m f . i8.b8 m--f f l m t i f ? i m i m n t e n mmei
m i I W a m m m m t m f n m t fif^ ffitm m e i
Reglomontanus l i isva ^. f c m e l - l i s t l l stmfta m m aftitff?5m f i f H? atH i H n f i f i i ifsc? i c r n m 1
fSiemifif n f ? s t n ^ n r m m ? i f ? ?tet m ? f ? tcmie?T ^f%f^ m f i m cut m ? c?, o? / s.1 i m f
fêmifif 'aift ?nii?Ttf stfÎa f i m f i i 1 ?tct lH11 tSfie? f i t i i m i f c n (postulates)
t n t f fifcm
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Contents
iHtn, ntmH cUf 'wftn fm Htn A I f i t ? s ( i ) Alfonso, Meyasheriqub, ^^Hl

HoJ ' Q l ^ -SfvirJ^! t1te*f ff%1 n Itt I (i5-f&!?n. Add it.bb-hs, ?m I f m ( 4 f H ie?) G . M .
1^ f^ T[f^ sfifim f m 4m mf i m CT, Gluskina; (?) Chr. Clavius, Euclidis,
nt tstlsvE fm 4%wH m t t i Hfi%tn H? Hf% Elementorum libri XV, Citn idhb f ; ( x s ) Euclidis
% n H 1 tHCI HH ifiiH '(mtl H5T' itH mostrnmct Elementorum geometricorum libri tredecim ex
t i m m i m Ht, nt t H -aiH f i t ? Hojmt H H fH traditione doctissimi Nassiriddini Tusini nunc
fm H W C I ii?7s it^t? ?5H?tcn I tm t? fmt primum arabice impressi, c ? t l , icths * [ . ; ( 8 ) J.
nif? i m ?tH tS^ v3 itfiHfSn? nrf H ? H m H i j j w Wallls, De postulate quinto et deflnitione quinta
mt I H mostn; v3 f i t ? Hspt^ ?T?m i t n t I H S H I lib. 6 Euclidis, in Opera mathematica, ?1, l^cm
(mm ^ fl? iffc 4Hm Ht?tcn i i-bisva f , .jj'bS.-ivs; (d) G. Sccheri, Euclides ab Omne
n t c m ScfHHH ?nt?f? fittrnHn H:*tj 4Hti f l c n naevo vindicatus, fim i i o o f ; (b) F. Woepoke,
wt^sHft ( v s ? M m t f ) , mntt, m f f f (sf/ioi nnf), L'Algebra d'Omar Alkhayyami, iJtfll i b - A i f ; ( i )
tn'^-?iwti, mjn ( A i / i i t H t f ) f f ( 1 1 / Sarton, Introduction; ( b - ) D. E. Smith, Euclid,
H H f ) I .fit mt ? n t utlti v3 ttg^ mm mtH ?tîH=i; Khayyam S Saccheri, in Scripta mathematice,
t n m 4m i ^ m ? n ciH m m n (ist H H f )-m V i l , (Wtf?tft iJi>vs(2- f ) , A - i o ; (S>)A. Mieli, La science
Commentaries to the introduction of Euclid's arabe, I t t e n iS>vsb- *[.; ( i o ) E. B. Plooij, Euclid's
elements, IfnmcH ( i 8 1 - i A l m t f ) ? f 5 i Rectifier of conception of ratio and his definition of
wrong .9?t t S f i w ? Elements H H : i 1ttHm-m proportional magnitudes as criticized by Arabian
miHjc? I commentators.imsm i S s A o f ; ( i i ) B. A. Rosenfeld
v3 A. P. Yusckevle, Omar al-Khayyam, icm iSs^b?
f f ii (2-1 fir? icm fimiH (iAs8 f cm v3
i^bAi f i m 4mf*r) John Wallls ( i - b i ' b - i i o . s ^.) ^
f ; ( i ? ) Rosenfeld, The theory of parallel lines in
Saccheri (i\b\bH-iHoo *[.) W f l m i mjTsi f f? the Medieval East, in Actes. du Xle congree
international d'histoire des sciences; ( i o )
trnticn mHf fli .an .aiH 'sf^ A B C D i k n imm
Yushckevic, Geschichte der Mahematik ira
41C1 ( m f m c i Saccheri-? ?m?f? H?TC1 HtH4t<a)
Mittelalter, Basle ihbS % ?b-b--SA; ( i 8 ) ciH,
HHC AB-CD, ABC-ID, BCD-ID; f n t t BAD-ADC
Les mathematiques arabes, m- M. Cazenove
?tc ^c? I tf%itc? .at ciMifin n r fnH i?it m
K. Jaouiche, Htfil iS1\b ( i A ) R. Taton, Hlstoire
tmt ncim, 11 CIM int ira CIM I mrti f f fmm
generale des sciences, i i , Htfil ihbb 88O-(2-?A;
4 m ifwtcn c?, c?mi 4ii.i?itH H^?tc? m i t H
( i - J i ) Kh. Jaoiche, De la fecondite mathematique
linf?fi C?, m f e Lobacheoskl Bolyai-? non-
: d' Omar Khayyam a G. Saccheri, in Diogene,
Euclidian mfif? citl siHiptf^ ^ f^ ciicn ?mm
A l l , (iSi5l f ) S 1 - i i o ; ( i i ) S. H. Nasr, Islamic
St? g!ff|r I 11 cmft? ?mH mttc? f?Hi
Science, an illustrated survey, i m ihVb f i
(Riemann)-mwtfif?fH i
SHitm? n t H I , fifimen HmiH i m n M. Souissi (E.L^, Suppl.)/ it?^ ?rci ,
wrtfiHnm i m H o s^f? m^ ? ^ f < nf? i tmr tT?[M-^'rt (; ^ d 11 ^ ) s it?ien i k i f i m H
cmfii vs I t f i i ^fteitl ?te ?sHn iH 4 e ? t E f ? 4Tt csfTtff?iTt Cirafe t H m's ie?iH mci i f i f ^ ) i t H
Smn ifiHflm i mfifei ifim itm f m ^ H ?tfnm m i - f i n m cit nmtH imfi HH-irm Hmf fif fit?
5iem HsitH fmtt m ?sf?Hflm \ tH^ fifo fsm ^ mtfifi ikt, H i f i i ?f f?, -^g, 4?-ii^mfi? i?m fs lH
H?Hf?i f % i H ift, 4e?ten I C H âiH f n t?HH H4?, cit m iH ?'=fH ifim m r ifm iei tH,.
i H ? ?rf5m fmt I M fii^ f^cn i ?fi fmt iftm-fifm? mei ici? itme? i r m ^ m n mtme
tSfi% va imi f l wjtfiHHm ifaiHi ?mtei f^ri?s?;ei .aiH l l H i e ^ (?#lStm) HHCH f^ new ifn5te?
I H if??fflm, ltf^mil 4 l f H ifsc? ?n?f? nteitnt 'jf^tfm CI c?n f i c n .aiH im ^^c 4 ? - i i i m i?im Hf?
?5?t nt tm f i m f mciiem cimi ifie f m Hirmti i?t m n ntH?t fiite? i*fc<ii=ci? fi*5?m m i t w t f i i
?m H t 1 ât 4iei fmm tf^ im fli mr3 S^ i3itH M ? v3 ?T?Hm file? fie?tfw i
m m nt tm H?Tei fmt wjtfif? m f imtiei Hii fim wrHfi ikt m m f i f i i timfiiii b-oo '^fen
%f? 1 1 S ^ if?H m I n ?tc c?t m H ? m m t e i f i i rm itiHews.
t m f finm?
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Contents
?8vb
(Almagest),4ri m<=W<i icsf c 5 # t ^ HPrat ?m i ^ f i fnmtft? mt mtf^ fmtm ifie mHitficii Sn^ m
( m t m f t wfsit c t t m ? <^r^ fnr5 % H5i iRmc^ i fim, m t i^f fmtm ifie mftftflen f i ^ i e ? t m n
i t s T C t m # % n m t f e ( H i f f , f . >SlVib-^ 2tf% I t i (ethereal) ?tc S m i F Ssdg m fim i f ^ f m 4e5tt?
tiwtn Itm mfnt fimfli) m t c-ttf, atHfn ff m i l cmff?Wtei f?eii 4r? fim ifie ite? mt i f i f
^ê tf^ fid mf n; tm imi mt; mm 1 1 / i M *td? cnfci b-i/i8i ici? 4 1 1 tei limit,
fiiff ficms miH mt i t m t ife ^ i cm m , t?fi mfiid m > a i f n s ? m^?mf '5ftf ^ê mrtH?
mid mtl (trepidateon)- im mt i Itfi tfi flits immm 4e5tt i?f n i cit m itei m fli ^f teif?
n n m c m % cwrtHficn mirci .at ^ et^fi mt i iff% ntH ?te t i m f i-mtfic%itf? fiiiif? m c i v s m
dcg? m:ifgi5' %ft " l l H g . ^ " f (star planets) cim equants Kg? "Hif fif" mme cfffn'af? lH
mtd mf n CI, %?tcn f n 1fii cig (equants) ' .aitii faim? ifn.itfijtiici mfiTf im m i mrnit
>Q wTtfifn cig if^ ltd m; f ? 4 m tts (model)-.a cirifs cmtff?wfm mm fmm immm m f 4 m
fim mif mft ??gmfi ig (crank mechanism) mw IC? meimt im mte? I
mtl, mme t m n^lel iJt m f (perigees) f f t mr i IfH m ? l l n ne? t e i f ? cwnfHm new
.^tn cltld<r ^c^ 4?sfil S I K S R (epicycle) c ^ m H I mft flcn m i tim-f? fci t n i m 4 i i itfe fmm
f m tt& 1131 laisft Sedfm f ^ I W itflft, mifid icm 'tif'1-m'm-? c?t 4 f m m ?m ?m m m
% 5 wtfi 1^ ^ ^ m m mn ?tmei i ? t i wg? mtfiH nîf? I jL:^) mtem mHircn
( _ H ^ J
igmtm ica t m iftff cmcjd fft% cmm ^ffid mif n? Hf? i m .aiH f?t ^ niH >a f m Sn (heliacal
i m mf 'ait miifi iffifi Sm (Sms^?) if? risings) nt imilfl ? f ^ l i m i (cosmic settings
?tc I i m m ifim Sm m t i mfii fiift fifc ( f iî)-mtmcm H f i f n ' a i H cmttsH ftm I f i f ftwf
mfi S m cica? i m fim 4itfi c ? m 'aift fif ?tc . ? ? vs? imfe ift, Sim ?ten itim cnmei
Iim i m mf i fifii cwTrffim .at iiifi wftim mtfrt 'mimf ffitife? 4 1 1 C I 1 ?s,ie? cwTfffim new
lait cit Utmfitii (Parameters) m csfJtfmrsfi 1ffifii (mt cwjfffiwm m n f i cwxtfffiiJT new) i i i t i J i
i t K i <sii ^^c ituti % C 5 Ifii I C I mm itmnfcii
4 1 I t f , I t m f , f l f i f ? mm ê 'mife mH
ic5f itftt I ftw-iai ltc5i fif^ I t e n if 'ait cit
mr i m n i f c n 4m? m s m f i i s i f i t r n f 'mn
ifi fiitfi fifmti ê 4 f mfim i 'atitei Sewi im
cwjiffisstHii i7f it?4tf flm nt cm cm .amm,
mte Ite? C I , imiti ^ i t i f f i cmtffim f i m 4 i t i f i
cm cmei cit m4tftm f fimnitf 4 i i fli i f i f
ici (cieHi mi .ai^ ie?t Seil im ?tci) .fifii
cmfffimm ifiiim fifmi mfim tfii im fif n A i ld? ^?i; t e i f ? icka fin nfm3? wjlfifi
n, 4?ffi? cmei? wififi trm m?Tei ie?, (m'f? t f t , atmn^ 4 ? m I C I .f? 5 ^ i m m ^ i ^ i i cwTtffitm
'tf?i- ?f5 m?ff"i-mimi .at fiim m f 3 p i ) ; citwmt 4 m iftc ltd, citsfi? ScMi f l l I t i f f ? , t f f
fmt cmtfn'af? film Sic? iff teif? imm citi t?f? nrf? mmîiif? m m i ifim cm nt iti
Item?? i m mtl t e i f ? m r f i t T m (parameters) Sm.lT?? im i t e i f ?
nif? c3tef?.*micy fff? ie^ i 3 t m e i f i i f ^ Sf
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m?? imififi f?a^ mfffi ik^ ?Hm mm iHei i f i f m I C ? I mfitfii hoo i%te=5t iti-mmf? f f ' i - n H '
t ? ^ ' i - m ^ t i [g.I (f. 8oo/iooh) t-cif? fiew? i^^î .1^11 g_i j) 4 i t i m m icm 'at fH-nrf mff mr
(Hypotheses) fCI? f t f ? les fH f ^ m m m51?t ^t?m
nt itmff?iel? t?f??3?en 4?im, ijtf?e%f5iifiiel?
f f ^ 4 1 ^ i m C I , miifew% 4 e i c?t m itcB? im ?m
f i ? ^ meimt mmit? cwiiffimtitm mm ie^
^tmei cit}sH? I t m i f % f ?Hmei i 'at i nlimHlid
laeme? m.*[Hi f c i itmm cwjtff?wtm 4?m f ? i w
c?t imft? I f f ? ^c ? t ? t f i i m fll 'at ifU'sfid
mtf?r?f5f? im< fiWm ie^ mawff i m i mifm?sfsf? t e i % itHim I f fn i
mffi^tei 1151 cwjffwf? ^fif? cicg? lesf iieif? I t f ê I f m
i?ltci Itfim u l i - i v o f ?i f5fm? iH mmt i n i t f t m^ - I t f cwjiff?m f i m 4 i 'mfe m t n i f m
(^. A w / i i v s b - - v s S i ) ?tc ^1 ifim t ? i f " m ? i (s.), tmr f w m - m ? m T (. j^^vi j^:^) [ m m f i f t i t f
? ^ ( f . ) , m - f i i f ( f . ) 11% cmm m^^ffiiii mcit m f i l e n i i ^ t l ] I 4 i i t H iiH/Hoa i t m i t i t m l e ?
t m f fifem
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%f'1-m'^f
Hffcio iîw n I tm^Sira 1%% ?#?n imâ îtH f t e i t c w t ' a t l t e i c i t i f m c m t ?t?lci, c i t s f i ? f i # t i t e i t ? e i ?

n, I t e mr-m? va %g[ iH-wtH', cit ^ H H t ??/b-i 4 c ? t m ^ê I t e ? lait mmt t?t i t 5 i ? istc? m i
isci iw?fci iHo n 1 fw iTi-imHf-m timf TfMjvst m m f tm ?tc I f m
fitm* if ttîRi hbd % H f i m m<3 it^ i Q i t u i cwitffim f i m I t i t f ? I t f t m , c w i t f m e m i t ? (at
41 ? t c ; m i miTi 4inli vsi titififiuf (.^vs?-^*? % ) s?t 4mi ' m ? f I f m i H c m w m mmei ifif^H m
lt^ fw i r i - m (l i J I 5 ^ 3 ) mT 4 l H ? t ? i H = i , I C ? ) f l l f l va i ? f ? f ? i ? ? f ? I t f i f 1 1 t e i f ? m m c w %
citittma ittiii4riat m i#o& (w. si^b) i t s m?i13i I t m f m f t e i ? mmei vs? m c i t ? i t i f l i 'a?t m i m ^
c i i f (intlnT) 4ltlfl I i#tf3im c i t f H t a i i t H 41 <t<tb 1. 4 5 f i f i i ; f i i i e i ^
1 8 ? 1. ms .amiH I t f fw-41 mfr: mH mt I ' a f t 41 m 8 A o '^j. I f i f w f l l I m ^ H i s m - t a ? w m
s?t ^ l i f e ? m mnmc? ??, i t i ci^m ?i fw AAfe 1. I t e i t f i "mtt cwitffiin i i m " m f w t m?J?mm

mi-?iwR, I ^j) Sit m m i nHva itf mfi 4 i i t H m^. i b - o - v i o f itmttmm? mm i m , f i f i?
JtlftH c i t l iic?t 'm?fc mH ?? i t I vs? ? t i f i f i ? i - ' a ?
i e i ? t I'rati I 'at fw mimSi ftitmitft (mSittim)
me? 4itf^ m f i t m mi-mff ii' %[i-m.
I t e i m i f e m H ?? i m i - i i m f (ficîi i f i m 4 ? - m i a
?fS I
ifcim - s - i f f f c?t 4tfrH I t f 3 t e 'm?% i^H f i m i f i ? e i ? wm) 's m f m'm 4 i i t H ?i?m i m ;
?? cititfii m i?ftim^, sm fifeitf (f^fn^) 4 i T ? f i m i - f ? i f ? ( f . ) mm I W tm i t t f i f i 4^fi f l i i
1^^; imfim^ 4m t i ^ i c i t ^ tiitm fin? timc^ f l v8 f i f ? mm ?te mitl
( A I loci? 4m?) Si? lait fit's i i -b^b- f ?t^ csiitfHWci i f e i m ' s ? ^ f f cit.4imt 'm?fe mH.
g i i ^ times? Si? HH if??T ?tw, ? f i 4 i s t T f i ? ti^ t i f ?? m m f l l m m t teif?, m m e w ^ i f i ^ vg t i f t ?
I t i c? miefr? ^c m ? " t m t m m # f t T{tti ?tct mm ?tct tm mm ? t ? i f l i i m i - m w t w - ' a ? 4e5tt?
fm m I i A 8 / H i i 1 i A V . i mei tif? f m n ê m H -it 4imt vs?/ji>i i e 4 i i f i e i mi-m'fm i ? ? t c ?

'aiH n I t m e i "litm mi-mifm mte? ciei ii .at n c i c w i t f f i m f m Sie? c i f 4m f i m i f i m f l i i
I t f 4im 'm?fe mitwa S n ^ fH mt i ifr mei,
f i f l i t c i m f i n e m m mm i f ? ? t f l e i i t i m i ' t f t m t n
m m i tifs: n m i - i t ? t f tH t m f^m-trntt Hi mi- ( f ) ' a i t i t e i t n i f i m f l m i t t f i tn ^m ( f . ) i ?/fi>i

l i mei? i c m t e i f ? m t l e l f i i (Hypothesis), H v a i - . a ?
mf? {j.... ^j) 4 e i t i f ? timf? m m t?if
Hmf? ittif 1 itti 1 m i - i t ? t f tm f m 4 c i ? Sic? Handy Tables m I t f i ^ m H m ^ I 4 m f l cWTtff?m
tH if??t fw " m m HtH'i-'mm (.-JJJJ I ^^J^ ^ ^3)
f m i 41 " f f c w r t f m i m " (Little Astronomy) [ i m
le?, ? n mH tSfiros? Elements ' m m f i i cwjtfHmt"
ili?s 'aiitH 4ei3'''3 ? 5 t ? m , cititH m m f ??ilt
uimitf 4 1 1 cwitttim mtimilt'; 'at 4 i ? M t ? mHi (Middle Astronomy) f t l t C ? t1te? vm lf?m ^sl?
cwittfim i m n -m f Hcvs i H i mtl 'm?fe i f H
mf. iJi>o 'î. 111? .aiwi iH m'f? t n iHi-, t?H
n 'a?t f l v3 f i f ? 4 e i ? ^ i ? t m n i f t m m itf?m
mttrnfme?imtim^ 4iitH mis i m , i i i m nb-
(Astrolabe) f i l e ? ? s c ? 1 1 t H 4141tf't n I i t f 'S mm^
f aiitHm?ff"1-^ 1 *pil<t> (d:>Uiy I _H) 4 m i e ? i i
m i i f mm ?mif? icm ? H ? t c i aiitH fw 'a?t 'aiitH m t ? t c f i n t m g ? m n m c ? f 4tfi cwitffisa t m '
Hmf1-titl ( J I A J I .__.i -. < ) I 'at i e ? t mmf? tmf at mmm [ i i t e i m i t i i f ? 4 m i m i m m f i f i i m
Smfi 'aiH f2!emifife; t ? f ? nrf ?t?te itti
timf? tif14tifi ?tmei I mi-iimf ^ mfm 4m^ (sine), c i t m t l (cosine) 's t ? m t l (versine)
ime? tnf-ftf 'f?j m ft? tH ?f^ ^mei i tie^ cit
i c u m f c n , ?i?m i m ?t tm ^^tc Sv|^ t e i f ?
Hie? timt? meitnt im ^?tei g
fsrcHifiH l e i m t m l e n c i f f m e m i i l Ji>i ie? t n t f
broo. f^ten mmiH mc? ffi-î?wi?m ^ j )
c w i t f f i w m f H ftfte? i H m Sc^ I
( j _ 4 _ L ^ j y i m e i m ? f ? 4 e i 3 m ? v 3 .aiiiH ' m ? f m m i
fifii cwTfff?ilei? icm 4'5fi ? ? i m. .aiitî t e i f ? ' ^ f m
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m < [ ' i - ? i i i i mi-m?v3?if, ?fiâ 4 i i i f i ? im mf m m ? [f.1 ' i i ? f 4 1 1 ^ i t m i m c ? t e i f ? ntf? 4 f m ?ft?tei i
(^. ?iVîrti)-v3 mmt w ?tm itfim i mi mit Sfs f i f H ^ t f ? f m m e i ? i m e ? c ? c m f i c n cwiiffwti*m
C I , 'at m ^ It m f ^^ci'S'cn c?t m 4 e i ? m Seî fs; m ? f ? , t m f m I f i m r - f w t c i ? ^ i e ? i t f f ^ ^
i ? t ?tîc<, citsfi? cmiHt m ? i m e i itm m m i ? 5 H m f i m i I t ? 1 ? ? t c i tm i i t e i H f ? i m ?sf^ i e ?
t m f fifcm
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ASb-
( g . ) - f 'otTRR (WT^. ^^(t/h-do) M M ^ ^ t ' S tt'aRt TO I

tt?t <it TOM MrtfR i % i t c i ( R s f r <it #^'*f-tiA 'SftR-tt^RtR?ft? ? 5 ? t ? % R??R^t Ate IRR-IACTO
itt ITO:"?rtt f t W t f TO^? ( W t ^ . A i 8 / B - A S . ) - f 'srtRi^fitet? ^ '5I5[?RI;t? f f ? M tt^Rt TO I ^ît TOTO

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A ' 0 < ? / B - < ? o ) - ^ 40^4(15 C T O I t A t RJ I W f f X t ' t t ? ( R % f stfRf? ^ t % I t ? ^ ' R - W t R r f R l W 5 R - t 4 - R (jJii
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RC5?1W cstt TO?, t l l A l t ^ (RftslR CT TOt W ^ R % f 'siAt^lt?? %^f? Rt?Te? S . O O '^t. f e ? ( R t ^ t j ^ 2nmiT%f f w
<lt ^ CWT) 'iCWt? ' S T T t A M M ^ Ate^ W t A M M tTO ?RR ?f5 A R , ?9rfS W H - R R f f t (Wt^. A b - l / S i o o ) - ? %Sf
(Rt Rtf }fM ttra? i (^j_. ^ J Ml ^ ? t ^ W t R t i ^ (Wt^. AS.VS'io)-^^
XsC? W t R - T O 5 t f (Wr5. A B - V 5 o o ) R f ^ ' R - R l R ' ^tt? R t < t (Rt '^'ff ^ StTO t ? ? tf^-*^^ 'snR-%i%
CW^*); t A K ^ t R t t ? , % T O At??lf CWJlt^Mt? ^ ^^^te I
CWJttrottW cntfk ( R t fefe ^ spTO f i R R5? tAlt
(TRtR i n t I ^ M T ?A^ ^TO? W t R - ^ n w f v f R ^ t ^ RtRA'
S I M M A? I f t r o t ^ R R T O (Wt^. 8 o o / I O I O ) WtR-Rrst%
(8iiVioA(?), TAt? f s f tT?R wr^te? Tt'S?T TO; t R ^ ' R -
tjRtlR5R 5 t A t 4f?Rtf|iTO ? M CWJtfrottW R ^ t T O ^
RTwR-i9? f s t ^ R M ??TiR Af^tt?t f^t?TC^ I C ? tItf?eR?
ff? RtTOt^tW Wt^ RttR-iil? WîRtft t W t TO? R T R A A ?
f T g f R f ^ A? ^stAf RtfTOs^ tte? I M (7TTR?
(R, ( R t afro # R T O ftWRTJCAS ^ M t Tt'SRt R l t ( R I t ^ '^tfR'T
tTO f t W f i R W t R - R T 3 4 M (WT^. 8\'0/iiob-o)-in? 'l^W^H?
( ' T O ; . 'Ob-o/S.S.o) 4 ^ WtMC ?fb f s t ' R - ^ s t f t ? 'RtR-AtMt
tlR4t' (Toledan Tables) I i^tt sTltTR 1 ^ ' T O f - l t ^ R t R R f
sr^^rtf? ^{%AtfR4 T O i ^ ^ T O ?n?eet 'ot^^ ' Q ? ^ t ALPT4 s l T t f ? ? TOT W r T O
t f % R ÎRte'R -xptfRR ( t ? ? ? n ^ , t?^'R-?t^ 2 R X [ t ) , R i f f
^ ^ g ^ ^ c f I îp^ ' 5 [ t R - 4 T ^ ' R - R t R ' % f af^ttlRi: ^ ^
CsrtglAtR (R? lil??!, s f w M R s t ^ t ) ^ f S H (the Alfanslne
t?it?f cStJlf^f^vtelW'Sl fitfe TTO Wt'StIA? ff?5?f Tt'SRt TO I
Tables ^ A t ? ^ W t f ^ ^ ' t t ) ( W i l f ? M % i i R ^ t e ? <ilt
f s [ ' R - R t ? W t f TOR ?#?rt%TO W I R - t t M ( W t ^ . ( ? i i 8 / I I I I A O )
5r^ttf?? 1??f5 2 R R M 1
t r o ? 1 Âf^ <iRrflR Rd%<STO TTO w a r o ^f^wtflcro
(Sttft t R ' s f ^ R T C ^ (Gregory Chioniades) i flR WT^. Rt?t'tle'tTit
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WT^ R t t R - i i R T?t? 5IZP (cycles) tR^tTO s t f wt'tAlM Rt, i n t f t t R t 'seRfR ^ t e ? wtf^r^t'e^t sffTO^ i M f t
'TOt R C ^ ^ U w ? ! ^ i&fÂJ W s p t f t t tt^t ? # ! : s t t C T O TO? ^ t ? t % I CWJtff?WtR f??TR W R ^ T J ^ f 3 ^ R 4 ste^tt Rt?tm?
RtRsifRe? ( R T ^ ' R - f ? 'ot1--^-f <bd<\/i^d>> RteR t A t t t f ^
WTR-?nAAtR (WT^. ( J - 8 < ? / I I I < ? o ) - T O fw.'R-'WtRt*^ ( R t A t ^
TO?) ^^gRÂJ^ R?etT?? W R ^ T T O t TO? 1?l<!l4tM
W 1 W R t f S R t TO Rtt) f i R ÎJvsil "ST^ ( R t s f t fRQfî)lCvb>i 1^4
Rtf?R4'S T # e ? ? TO?Rie?^.i9t 2te5tt 5 t R R A ? I TOt'Tte,
tRR W J T O TO? TO? t A t ^ f????f W l R - V l ! ? ^ (Wt^.
(Rtfte? ft?t CiStJtFsf^Ssl^tll IAIC^^5) ^ R M >tA4R'ttC4 RA!?t.
^ ( J - b - Z I A ' B O ) t A t S f^'=r-^;^^stAT? W t R - ^ W l i p ^ t f t ^ ?T?At?
4f?, I5w5tl CtrtfMtr?? R?T?3T*R ?Rt ?tRe ??t ^ R t %
TO? I q , f1# str^ t W R l ^ j (equant)-C4 <iiR?tlR t M ^ ^ TOt
RtAte R^TlTRT? R 4 R CWTtfW? t f ^ ^f5T4te?? A?t i
lift TOR 1%f% f ? f A o W t R - ' 4 T ? t f t ^3 Rt*^? t f ^ Tf??5-i9? Rt^f?^'R-fR 4 ^ Wtf?f ^ TTO R't%?te f?e?ff? ' ^ f
2f^t?% I WT5t?T ' j R t ( R f t R t H ( R t s t R 3 ^ T R ^ 'S W t # t l ? R f ^ t R ' (Tusi couple-j_^j_U jr j j ) RR^^TTR^ TOT
R??lf??Rt:^Mt%lRtRtf'3#4l???R^R?f?gtRlt?tflR 1 RRt?te?? 2 R T t M t e ? ? T O f t ^ t R A?t; RRt?tr?? st^ t ? ? #
M <tTO R ? t e f ^ 2tt?*nf tff?f?^%T ^ fiR WtR-
R?1R ^sitTfR -?stR? TAt?t ^ <f-l'R-f? ' T O t - # ^
>bb-o/iAb-yTO?,>bb-'0/iAb-8 RteR TO? R t M R R t?^'R-Rtf?,
tt?tt??f? [g.] (Wt^. Ai(?/b-'5o)-? f^'T^-tRR-tt^tf I^ atr^
Wt^. 1(J-o/iivO(j-o RteR ?f^^ TAte?? ^C?t ^f5TIF>?3fR?
M M tiT?R Rt3I ?TOR TfSRt ?R, f?^ WiR-RfwMt
(epicycles) f^ f^ R?tTt, Rt^Tt ^ ^ f R 1 ^ ?
(wt^. vosio/iooo) ?sr#tiô st^trf?? ( R t '94ttf?'R?rftf*(. (arrangements) 4stt <)Pii)lcA'i i t ? T R ^ t ^ ttR?TO It?
R l ^ t ? # ? t % R ? , ( R t t t t R ? R T t t ^ W ^ [ T O ?TOt? ?IA?I1C^; TOTttR t ^ ' R - R t f ? R f c f ^ ^ ^ t 1 ^ 5tA 'S ^ t s f A , 1 ? 'S
W f T O 4 t w t ?tt-TO liir^RtvE (Adelard of Bath, i i A > b 5 5 R ^ Rr53T?TO4 RRt?nR C^ftTO I M b-R/iSR
f.) 1 W t R - t t ? l t ? ? f - ? %:w? W t R - R t R ? R (wt^. A ' b i / b - ' K J - ) - ^ Rt?trsrff?f RRC?? ?T:?T l[RfRR CWTtfef?fTtt CWnf^R?(:A? ( R t
vg tR^'R-H^ljjl ( 8 < / i o R t 4 ; (?tr?I'a^ ^Rjfi; (mWa)M RTOR fef? ^ R ? T^f!: ^ ^ r ^ R t t R ^ ii)<fr2l^'s ftl? ^ t C ^
RTtl^ M TORtW? Rt?TIR 1??TTO)-f 'TOT TO? W t R - ' ^ R t t f f ? ? f R f i R , C? t T 5 ' R ^ - s r c A " ? RC^RRRiiA: tC4l?1^3
t t R t f t IR'ÎRSR
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Contents
?8S.
(equant) wg? ITOCI ?4ii>lPl 1 ^ (crank mechanism) itnfiisti? atteif ciimjen Sie? ifii? natf stm
Htft H f (opposite point) I t H d I t i ?t?tHi I fmt mmit, itmimf -a tftfci? imfîsH mm
tn'^'-'ftf^-n m t t n i m H i ? ^ ft# fcmf? cwitff?wi atmmtl <t?tHi i .at attttiifcn
tt:? c i t f t H i r i 2||R W C 1 ? H i 'ttwif f e i f it?, Hei? i c n HltH -a t i l t i l mtfimi fnfa titeitfte?-?
?#?t ^ 4 ^ -siroi ^ m, S\sc?t " f f f f ^ n " Smfiemf (Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg) (i<t'\b -a
(Tusi couple) <j??l? 1 C ? 1 m t Sc? i f mttc? twl?t^5 Hwt?eiem< (Stigemeborg) [iflvs %] imf%e? m?^
(equants) ? t H l i H i t C H i I t t ci, c m i t f n t l . ?tmei I t n t f cwitff^tei litcim mi^f? m n êei

t n l - * t t H ? - m ?lri? ic5f iHH H e n ; c? c i t W i cwTtff?wi itnfnifcn itmitcftf? m t i ,
Htc? sr^tH ? t f t H i t ? t ? H^tH H??i i w ?H?tci i fatemifiH mfiifi^ (tables) afiiei? e n s utlH mn
t?f 1 J C I , caflft H-aHlteÊi (Gregory Chionlades) mt i f n t l U f i n (parameters) Sm m*(en wm ^ 1
r#e?? i t n H f c ? i ? T ? i c n isH?T i t f . iooo %
atecf r
m s t f ^ i e i s t J t H o c i ? I C ? H H ^ ' m f t %m cit f i 4 l i # f s f f i i cwittfiwen ciâi .m f i i t i c?, Sm
. i f ? t i i H i t H c n , c i t s H ? itgHHt i c i ? ici? itittitH itf?tt iiHi m t i m f t im m f s i i ? mw i f i e n mfime
n c ? ? ic?j tstHc c^tHitHf m t c i t i ? iipfl i t m ?H?tci, "Q^ Sewiemii I f f "3 Hi?ft? tmm tmm tii m m
citatic i t f f i H ^ f n (Tusi couple)-m ste?ti I t e m i t im ?tmei . a t i i lif^tii 41 ^ ar?w it|e?fi
?tt?tci I t i f c i t 1 ? ^ i t ^ f i e f f f " i - f c i ? ? n t ? f t?ic? im ? t i I cwifft?wfen # ? f t?fm m t i fiie?
t?mt? t i l ^ I t i I t , 1 1 U t f f i - f t t ? i t ? t 2ttt? wtfic ? t d f. .an i w cit f?ti affmfii Sti f i s (i)
?t?t? 1 i c i t H I ' S 1 1 ?? l i t I C 1 t 1 l f l < M l I W ii)t H. Suter, Die Mathematiker Und Astronomen
W l - t i S a t C I ? StltC?? I t U C I t i ' n t H I C 1 ? t l C 1 1 I der Araber und ihre werke, Abhandlungen zur
Geschichte der Mathematischen
1 ? ? f ^ 1 ^ ^ ilHitR,?if? Wlssenschaften, i o i , mtlfwl i S o o (fiî^l Ann
I t i t f t ? i t n t n c i t l t e i Smf? f w f w - t Arbor iJ^-Jsvo ' ^ . ) ; t m m 1 ? C 1 I C l 1 t ^ im m; (?) H. P.
% f i t f i ? ? f i t e i ? f i t i i e i ? cwittt?Wi "ef? iei?iei J. Renaud-m a|?w, Isis-ia, i i r l , ( i S > ? f ) , ibb-vm;
?j<4! ??, ?fi i t i ? t âtitsi cit ?fit i l n t i c i t t e i f ? () C. Brookelmann, GAL, Pearson I t . ^ ( 8 )
>5ifc?? Iteitfi ? i i b r i / i 8 i iei? Ie? t n t e i m c m Encyclopedia of Islam-.a f i m afiw; (fl) m?
a t m twt? ific i f H i t H i ?H?t m t I f ? I t I ttt? i f ^ l filie 2t1tfim Dictionary of Scientific Biography;
i i t f i i tint cit i t n f n i f t ^ ??, Sm f l i mit?iie=i? fw mw f # f H n l I t d t n t ? wmf. (b) E . S . Kennedy.
S f f c?i i i b - ? / i 8 ? o l t d i t t ^ i i n f n I citltei. A survey of Islamic Astronomical Tables,
Transactions of the American Philosophical
t i w t i i m - i t f H f - I t i t ? c i f c f cwitff^tHli I t f .
Society-c f n titisf, sV^l, tiitcitim i>!>fl*i tntf
b r 8 8 / i 8 8 o l t d f w - t f w t f atf i e ? i I i t i - i t f fw-t'
cwittf^ten l i e a t iHfM Hrftmen; ( i ) C. A. Nallino
I f i t f l t d fiewma m i f H f w a f i t i i e ? i i .at tiltH tfsf'l-ltm, cm is-ii-i?, ; ( b r ) M. NallinomoiSm
f e w ? 4tf5t f l t e i f ? , tm Sie? i f i m i ifc?? mllHttlf?int1?ft?teiC. A. Naliino-^f,'Raccolta
(Parameters) -a c m c m tfim (tables) i k t l l t ? i n di scritti editi e indediti,fll,c?tl i J i . 8 8 b-b--?ft. i
m n i?t ?? m t m cwittf?wf mfime i t i i ? i n i l t
f i m eii? lesf ffit-St-? .iii#t? t i m f iteitwi if?m
HH^ mipten imtei? itftcH wm ifW-itf^li
(Ji>) D. Pingree, The Fragments of the works of
ciîf mf I
al-Fazarl, JNES-.a ? V 1 ( i S > f l J i . '^.)-m 4lllt ^ 41
lien 'e?5f f < f i f i i i t n f n mHfi'i-fci? w u f i f i ficiii^ citie men; ( i o ) cmei tntf cwrtff?wi w f
1 ? t mf tf1|d hb^/idHQ: Ji.b-A/i(M1 I t m l U l f l t d I mt nffti f ^ cwifffiwen Sie? Sm aim. Hie? o,
f i f itit??slen c i t ti'lit itiiHc?? iî?el? iê?? i?t?twt Neugebauer, J. M. Millas Vallicrosa, B.
w?Ht? i-bs-vo ^. itc i i 8 I W w?f?, Sastfif, f i f , Goldstein, P. Kunitzsch, G. Toomer 4 f 1 iHe?
i f a t i i ? i H f c cit f s H m i H t ? filtl i e ? i cisfims i t i 4c?4lt itmmHi 4?ew meiffs ?tmei; ( i i ) ii?îiltîci?
S e l l ifie ?? I c m t f i ^ ? t d ^ citstie f ? f ? Sic? fifii cwTtff^sstcn att? mm sm fifimen o.
cmtffim I t m m n i f n t s?tei tî(ii)-t>wf ? .^fc?i? Neugebauer, D. Pingree â P. Kunitzsch; fifii
icsf m O T f < i t i m ? atmi f n i m f i t f i f i f i i itntrnfcn licn^l new f. ; (i?) A. Sayili, The
t.HAM t n t f fmêm
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Contents
Observatory in Islam, fftM*i ttnw? sumt, a i m f?m? i f l m e i ( I T I - F I F W I H i m ' I T I , % I 8 ) 1 m^FT,

HHw % I t v o i r , iwm' f , im imttirftft fim
ISI^BO cmemi, lemeim, i t i t f i i , F I N , I T F I 0 m i f - ât f f t
ml'stfm cstJtHfwttr fim ATF^tm w w mft mtf^ f n e i ' m m w n ^ H ftite? i f H i m n (cms I T F ?i? F I F I ,
* i i M l H l mt m? mtf^ atit#? wm g.; (ivs) E. s. ' i m f itftm i i t e i m t , % ov) 1
Kennedy, Late medieval planetary theory, lsis-s\ 4ii# 8 I . ^ i t i - i r ^ , I F I - f w m f i i - i t m f n 'IF?tf
A L L (ihbb %), Ob(i-<\\r I SflH stf^ft Hn WW <Î|lW vsm mfftH, ' 2 ? N S , i r ^ f i , m t f i i m t H i ^ f f i i , O - F
litwtd tmiif m ?tc"c^; mw? 'of??j'* t t ^ - t t ^ n 1, ^ ? I T , iSii %, 1 . ihS; (\) m - F F W I F I L -
mr (mfHmi m, f i m r s f i mm ifmw? mt m m?m f ? ^ it'm, % 1 0 8 ; (VO) mt m - i t ^ , im-wtH' f m f f i i

utif mfis tt?!ci I I T I T F I I Itmf, m - i r m i i mf^, T I S P S , I T ? D #1, I I I T ,
D. Pingree (E. I?)/ "tm ih\rb f, ib\r-bh; ( 8 ) I T N T I fm?t1, C I V S M H W G I
T N T I , fcios m i m m I F I T ^ , I S O ^ H./IS.BR^ tt, I I
I T , % h; ( A ) i r m I H - m t ? , S331 m - m m m - m t H ,
^ ^ R T W ft ^HRTt (4JL^ I , Iliad) s tHmTs-m "imft imem, m m n t m imtHmt^ cati. is>IVO I T I , % iob-
I 8 ; (b) i i w f v s m t m ^ < ' I T I F I '5^tfn, f'wr^ f t m m ^ j i H i

2FFnf "imff m?m tnmt? m itntm Smtfst m w s
1
n I if? (Homer ?t Homeros) ['^. %

I M M ?
itmHmt T I L f l t H V G ^ J T I i t m H , rnimitf f f m , ^n,
I S ) I S ) tte?f, 1 . VOVB, ' ; > I O ; ( 1 ) cms I F F n ? f i f i , 1t?f
fmf lfi%-(:illknfgmfii?tmf i ? 5 R A M cf<if
mftm i m e i t n r , f i m m n t i f , m i , a t n a m n f S e m
tfmrt' ( ( S J L _ j y ?t The Illad) mn mft
IJ S J L _ J V I
ihb-h, ^ . J , ^ 1 , VO<\, VSB-; ( B - ) m m 3 F F ^ , I T F T M n t e i t n t .
mmm (Epic) i m .amw if%g
? 5 M 1 iHm? i'jj ?8FT
I F F m e n I ' ^ M F ? I=jH, m i , mtm .aite^f isib-i %
mrt? m (im-fifm f i i mm, ^5.
ITEI .at >JS?, I 8 ) I
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"immift ?<Hif=i?' 1 ^ ? i H F f w
VG tm H???f ?F& I
. cmmm i t ? ^ m e n
?5t %rff<f Snm, wtf? m .^l^mfn itmm 1 tm mi-
T S T H - ^ s r a K i ^ - ^ ' H I L W R 8 t i m f t^tm i t n
(mHm n? i ?5f?m F?H^ ne? u t H %mm, ?F5
i f i n ^ . ^ ,^ 511 ^ U I ( m - f i ' ? ^ i n r f ) m m r u m
Se?? fw vs Sm imiei? =^|fiei m t ? F ^ if?mei .at ftft 1
m f t f ^ n i r m ime?f i f i f w f i c n m I f m r icn
Itm ititc? f? mffi immm mmn c?fviti?
C?T I LENT
atim tf^mm ? n m mtite? I ? f t f i e n , mm m^tit?î
fifT I irnnrn f l I t f t e m ? liatn S^s?fff itftm ifm 1
mtl, ifim I t e i imim

T F ? T I VS mt m ci?mm i H m S i e m f I l i i i i f attfm f i i f i i i t w r f ? mmitm
?F5 1
nm 3^c5t imtem S,IF% mt t emm m vio f&ff.itei f H i m I m n m lem l i a t n f i i H c m m (Homer m

.af^ I L T I M Sifei i m .at imrm tHm Homeros)
? 5 M 1
"m^] ^ f ? - c m i f t m
( T - L ^ ^ C ^ F F
ffi mm imit <3 nteitm? f?m- F?eriel? W I T tmei f s i t t H i itmi411W1 ttim' sjL_jyI ,sjL_Jvi) m
SfgîtnaHfeifîim .at iîi-milt i s i r w i H l ? Sn the Iliad) ^ 'vsesH' (jL^Jjii
I m The Odyssey) itei
ftiiei IL<wf Htiie? ^ T?tei cigi%T nteiîiwi ilfte^j?
I i^tjt.ittmm m t i m ( m - f i t w ^ i f i i m ' m , ^5. i 8 ) 1
fnt n I (cms iff n? fifi, 'imf mftm nteimt, % 1H11 iH-itftfmi m n e n mf^CM? itHfi
' I T N F L
VOL, VOBR; limn IFF-mt?, Sfsp-mifii mf?, ir?iem, im- i t f i j 3 e i ? i c i i m t m i m e i i ? H 5 n 1 mmt f i m i m t m

mm iti-imff?mt i>i>I
C2TI, f iob) mfe m ^ , I ^ m i H n wm f i m ^ 4^1 i m I m*(fn'm?f i H f i m m
I T I , I
imfiH fifim mi-fimf(ib-(2-.!s-is>?(2-) ib-b-I f f i i e ? m - f i m f (IB(^B-Iî>;><^) f i i H c^rmm t i m m if tfim

.at imm?ift "11?^ mm mrrme? ifmr ?sHm wm fim^ file? i f ? f m m I T ? n t e ?
IBRB-1 I T E I i f ? m if I F # F
m i m mt I t e irniem?tc mm 'itif mm
ISIOVS i m m t I F L T Ni t e i m e m ^tc mm
ISIOVO I T ? f rm
ntf i m (m^ m - i t ^ , iti-fm f i i mmHi itmf a r m i m (m^ m - m ' ^ , m - f w m f i i i t m H i i r a r f

mt mff^, 19, is>8) film8 8) S F I , . F I
iho8 I t e i mm m f ^ n (m-ntwi f i i itim, % b\) i ? ? F C it*[Hi5 f c i m ? 1H11 artfi H t m ^

1 TFtn
If^ iH cmt? ^. f. s>i fmfe 4im mtmm w ^ I i m e i immm ? n m cstt i m 1 I[em f i i f ? fiirt i H
i m mm imei f i m f i s
I wtm m mt m t n t e i ? fiH
C I H I T 1 f m n I T M 5JI__jyi (IB-II-ISI8(?)
mm im n F%H iw fien mm fmH 4 i

CI, 1
3 _ J _ A I L U . . y i ( t n t f tfim) m ( . I L ^ y i . ^ j ^ i ^ j i m
I M F C I
SJL_JVI r^^j^ I -lli m i f itHem fimt

F L I T M ^ >)<I<M<IJII; 1 ^ ^ S T ^ ^ ^ . ^ ,
tntf fiêm.
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Contents
m - t n w i tntHwt
( i ) - m i - f ^ ifs?iTft imrfinm atirt i m i t w n Sen H C l ff%i fl I t f i ] iffTa m i s t i l f f i r m c i i
m t m f f i ' fitttitc? tm n f t i f i m s n H l i t At^tc^ I ffi ? H s i . i f ? mmi fmî f l H f t f m i c m t e n i tfim
f l i f ? c m t ? ? f 5 tt=i?ic^? I t m i t t H ? m i c ? i I 'flHtm fien H t 1 ffi f i e n m i d M n ir?f nfi f m 41
i c ? i m f t i " m f t i f i s f ? c m ^ i f c i ( m m ?ifm*t, m f t t i ?ntienimif?f^t?m'm??enntH, <^(^v8 t n t e n
f % ' ^ - m t % f H f l , f . 5b-) C?1? C?1? l f ? - H f t J J 1 1 ^ c f t ? e n f i i s f i t ^ f n 'a n n t a m e ? S d i i c n H H f n
4 _ i ^ > j ^ I L.c_aJi I ( m - m H H f i fi'%if^ H i m t H ) H H m f 4sfeii? m ftt^ 's S i t n i f t i t e ? i t f i e ? i ffi
m n t e n f f ? f ^ f ^ vg f ^ p s t n H ' ^ f a m ? n t m
Iji ( f ^ m n tftW1, Historical poetry, tl<l*t
m f i i m if?n m i i c n 1
nf??lH)H i (fim^ mffilR, Didactic
^. f l i f i cmiten imm?i t f i H S i t m , m n , iw
poetry, f i H ^ I t H ) f t H T ? I t H t f w 1C?11 CIHtt -iit
va f i c f ? i t H fi?it:"?f5 n I c i n mm f i w ? fftH?
afri i f ? ^ fll '2f? 1C?1 Ht, I t m ' S Citl ? j f ^ fft meitci H n f e n?jfwn S n memit ifimen i
ic?i H t , Citl mu? i?iH3 ic?i Ht, n t affni tf^mft c s t m i - f p t i , c n t e n m - n t m m^jen s l t i f S e ^ i c n I
ff? S e a l i f ? ? t c n (. fimt mm f i t i , i t n f i f i fimî .flitei s t f " n i t va mîm 4f c m c m tn H t i
^ t f i ' , H m f i i f n ' m t f f , f -Isl) I fm ' ^ 4 # o'êJ infiei ifi mmi. f ^ f n t i i f i v a tm 4 e i it#tim va
('^Lu.vi m#r ^ H c i I i f ? m m f g i ? i ^ i t i ?
HCI f?ef? i t H S d i i c n , fif t f m n m m va H ^ n m
fCi^ iâ(ô ft. H d Sm 1 ? 1 1 f f t ? f f l m - 1 t f c ? ? a t ^ l m H f t c ? n , ^ ^ ^?Ht]? mmmm ?m i c n i mmt
lf?cst^c tH ?m ic?i I ffi t i l Ici? t j i m c i ? eft??, n , f f i i f i f fete? t f H m i3m 'a i t m i t ^ s i m f i f i e i t
f i m i H w f f , m f f i , H H f w i f s i H va H H f S t I lf?c1t?1 f?ef? i t H s f i S i i t n i e ? i i f f i i ? i t i m ^ i f i s i m n ,
t m t f i f i i ? S i i t n i f ? m i?fi4 c n i fm f f t ? m? H f c i ? m 3 ? va f?e?ei? 4f i f t ? t m i
m? 1 ? ivobrxs f t . l t d tH 4irmc? a ) i # t n (mmi .fit m, ? s f i mmi f H n t i
vo. S e n ife?f m e ? i f t m f i f
m?^ i f i mi-mt' iifi mini
mt?, i o - i i ) i % 4fft ? i f m 4 i e i t f m f5m-C5m i i e ? H i c m m i t e ?
i f ? ? # ? m m 4tft s t i f f s n
H t I mtfci ^ f^tfntmft?w Hftc? S c f i i c n i m c m m tfim i m t e m
i t l t C H ^ H C l , 4 1 H 5 ivobrxs f t . / i<'!ivO l t d , f i f t H o i8oi fH Scf 1 i m f mt I
ft./ i s s b - i I t c i Iffi fm 41C1 ?tffsii4, (i)-'ii? a t l t i t n l e f If? if? f m i o Ij - j J m t m f t f i m
t n t e i ? -Sie?? cfl??i? tfHi, f i e n s ?iff?iK (i)-n artfte voo ( f s f i ) i m m, f i f ^ i t m S e g i i m i mt
if f n , ft*!?, i f m m?ili, f^tfw? v3 m i m e i ? He?t aflft n s f ' m n mm f i f i i fm?^ i c m â itftfmmm?
H f f ?m, H f f fitfiiei? m-mim, mâH, i t f i H , f i i t Hîfo n f t f v a m f t i t e ? i m i f t c ? (mmi f*.t??i,
m t H i t H t m t f i i f m i m i f i i t e n i tH W tnten f ' a m mwni t m i , <) i
mrtH 5f?3f, i t m f , ?iff?it< ( i ) - n m t e ? s t f ^ f i H e n
s f i i # t 8 ( i ) H ^ rni-m^^, m i - f s f m f i * i m t t f i ' i
mm, m t H Hwt-Himcn fii51311^ atf^fif? o n i , fif^
mtf 'sm m f t f f f t , ^ m , m ^ f i , mitfi i t n t f t
c i e i H f f i t ^ ( i ) - n iîifm: f^-tistt, i K W l c ? fi?ii 'a mfit^, s f i , cî I t , i S i i ft./i55i; ( ^ ) m i - f i f w i
fmtfen f n ^ si^tn ifimen (mnti fm?ri, fist-'cit'm, % b^; (va) m^ m - m ^ , m - m f i ' f m f f ^
f ' a m 11^11 t n t i , % Ob) I f m fHen atn
mttfi'i 'mmf, m-mff=f ^tf^-, ???i, i t ? ^ f i , i i i t ,
jjVi
itfmifi jJJ=_o Iifi ?lfisii^ ( i ) - n s t i n t ? ihb^ 1. i'bv-.is;*; ( 8 ) . c i ' m i m m f m , i t i t f i f i
?m (fmi tn l f l , i ' ^ , % mmi f^t?m, atr^, f i i i i mf^, H H f i i f i i ' I t m f , ^. b% {(t) - g ^ t m t n
f 84) S H ' l , m - i t m i mf^', f?m, m i t i ^ i mf? i t i - c m i i t i
iSib-ft./iSi>5b- f, i i , l i l t , côo-cô;*; ( - b ) f m m t n
"c^ f^tm ! f f i fg mt -iit fftfei f f i f i H i , f l H ' l t n I f l n , m-itm"^ 'imtf 'sm mf t i : , m - i t m
f c n m i c i Hut mt mfs ?sf??ti i" ^ t f l ' , f i i 1tHfl l f f i l t f l ItHfiHtf, 1 t 1 - H f 1 f 1 t f 1
i S o V i J i b r c ^ H C I f i i e n ?tw?tf imem ifimHf *i- m H H H f f i f ' ^ f n r f , m f i ' i f f i t m i f m n , -bv-is'is; ( i )
itit^ aftm ^^te mfi eie f^ nfi f m i t w f I t m i f ^ t n t i , f ' a m i t w ^ i t n t i , it?em, mimm m -
t n t i H n 4tfte i-isb- ( n i mtift)ft i t f m Segi i t i i ^ i8oVi5b-ct, i i i t w i ; (b-) i f ? ? 5 f i m - f i f i i f ,
meii i t i - m m , ^??i, H H t i f i f i ' i - f ? i i * f i is>5i ii, f.
c m c m ?sfi-itftfmi ' m - t m n m i - t n f f i ? T t ' H cioci; (s>) i t m r m i t f i n , m f f i f i i - m m f i mfi:, ^??i,
t n t f t f i m va cHHc?? t f i m - n I C H H f i i fif? i c n i m ^ f l ivOS>i f t . / i S > 1 i f, f S > b r - i o o ; ( i o ) l t m i l t ? ^
t m f fiHim
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Rtit^ wH-ww's ^ wtRAtR wtTO, ' w m M R f ' s i n M M I R I 2tt? csisft ^3 w t ^ ' ^ M t ^ w M t f t iît R%ft % R ?
i R R t M r f f^'M w t R M A t f ^ - , 'i^^, ^[?iHRWf? RiHk, y'l'tlîl^!, RCifl*,, S|b|<lRv(t ^3 ^li?*!,*!^ I ?5\54 ^ ' S t T O Mt
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t r o r t f 'sirt t ^ m t f ^ t w M T t H T t (sR^), wH-mmi'^ ? l t r ? r R ^ l i M t M t A (Elijah) f^^m ? M t^TTOi Cwt)
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^ tt^Rtr?? wtrt -^t^RR? M e 1f? wr3 t s r M at?Tt R t I
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t=T?rti t n ^nt%si
t ^ ift? c^? m t m f l I Wenslnk (5. Encylo. itw?i, b-1., 1., im f. t^pti tic?rtici; (iff) fmm
of Islam. Leiden) iKt ti%ncn mte f'!? sjiwRci? wtfi it^m, itfnt-t f"?m. Item itwl, ^1., i*^ 1.;
^t mm 2t1%iRi < t ? i c i CT, f ^ N i (f) fiifen (i-b) f^tm tti^m-?^m fifmi^. mif'"^-f n n , tif
?5i?t (H*^ f ? ^ ) wlien ttfe? t^nnfi mit ii8o ;i1., i ; i 8 1.; ( i i ) A. Geiger, his book tr.
?]?m fnten i t n itft? (?) tm tife? tfmt-m into English, styba Judaism and Islam, Madras
f i f ? ?ii ti?lfi ?fi*j)ciH, c?n 'tiî'*r=i i m m i t 1898, i f f i 1 . ; (ibr) L. Glnzberg, The Legends of
t n f ^ iiH mtw citta m t ? f ? ? T ? ^ n i tfti cttm the Jev ^. 8 1 , i S i i o f , ih(t-ô(t, M . , . i i ^ b - %, oib-S^;
wtn ifn if?T? t m ' * f i i m l i d "tm'if-f" ? T ? ^ ( i S ) ) E. Margulies, EUyahu ha-nabi, Jerusalem
îtei I f i t % T - c i ftm f i t " ^ ?stt atltei I tntffin 1960.
Abraham, t?I?t%TC1 t*i?r*rl, " f ?-t H?1t"-C1 " f ? - t (H. J. Wensinck [G. Vajda (E.L^) itfm m m
f f ? " ?it ^t?K^ 1 mfe iei? iflt arm i t t ^ srsfi itiiiIt. It. t. Itm citi^ I (It. It. t.)/itew^ ?m
m i I Old Testament-m Kings ( ? t m f ) i m S? %[m^'ff { ^ j j 3 ^( î)s (?)ir?itfiji
ie %?m' ('it)-m Seal m i I fff"c^-xsn^fiit' irci ut itf wtm (?)-m ifi oô
m - w t ? t f f ? ie t f ? t i nft m t n im i itsfiirm iiji Itfm ittii*i-fi (?)-n i t m 1 ititen
f i f 0 ^ c^ t ^ fn eiW ifnten i emt 'm?ii imt Tti it??t tH n wsfci tilt fc^ m m fiiif n 1
it?t?t mtn nfsfiei m r m t ifirf i t i?Tr5[ it?m f?tei tnti (?) f f f i ifvsHH' irci ur
[ t n t f fiêiti, cmf) fie?titi] i m t t ^ ie=^ n, f m fit Itfin tnf%^ (f.) 1 i%s-.fi tf?ri (?)-n
lit CI, t f ? t i ntft f ^ rm '^f?i' ^ n t tfiwR wn, fmmf-'^ fm? mm i?ti I f m cut ?fi?t ?5f5t
(Elijah)-iei ? j ? ^ n i t m i < Yhwa ( I t ^ v s i t ) "mrt? imf, Itif, ?ttir ftftif^ nft m ?ti3t?rf itfm
4 ? ; ? t | f11 11 mt^-m mf m m ifnt itei I Jewish itfwf?-?mi itst^ icn I mft? fnm itei, '"^t cm: f%
Encyclopaedia-c .fit ^tiesf n t t ^ ? t e ^ , m m Itei?
cm-iii tige? wtn" (^î^ -t?t itm m iHe tti f m
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itnten nttma2tftn ci,-^fsft^ticwt .ftim-ni HM "?t cmm itme? win" ^ "ffiitfi ffie? win"
ifntfimi titfi I ifim cnmei jJL_i ^j-^ CL^^JI 11
tvs?fe "tf?t"-ci "f*tf" ? i t ^tmrci mte i f f i
JH> ^ "I ^ .< " -y vJ^J-" J ""ill jl" -^1 .1
nc?,ffi''Hi?i^"iincmciMii?titci?iftntif351
Jji 5_<i^_, tTtfif?m mitm lit tm ntfnmiffitjt
f ^" f i f i ' m " I t n i m m n lf?el i Wellhausen
(History of Israel, 8b^) im ntci titr?len, "fti
ifim fies iii mm citiei i i f i ittmei 1 ^mm fsm
.fi?sirc?t f l . fci n i 4ii-4tif%n, t??mm fim,
mf fffi- m^sfim-? i H m imfm ?#?rcn (f. mm
tif f m ? i f ^ tfHm ifne Hftf m m i - l m m wim ticirs? tfmi) i itimft irpt-? ffi-
imntiteii" itm-n m f i m^ ifim iei ifTjiifs: (g. t m i 4 i j f )
s t i i # f 8 ( i ) civsmi fH itemm? cftm c^^,
a f t l f S(i) f?m, <b S b-S-lrJj, O l g b i i O - b v 5 o ; (C;^)
tif? t n ^ t f ? , s i H S ^ it?tc? Iteimt; () t f f ? wimmten iit, mtm .fiifnf, mi ihvo ;is.b--ooo;
irsii-iim (^teFrf), n f i i itwi. Item ih<ti VJJI.,

(^) t m f 5 w t Itf, m itf wtiti fiwct? tffii,
% iA'b; ( 8 ) r?Ff?-tn.wtf?, Sit?Sv^ mte? iteimt; mi i i i o v s b - - 8 i ; ( o ) . ^fn i%gff, t m i am,
(ff) irft^- fifii, fir5i-^m; (b) titi m m , f f m , mt i i i o f, iv!jA-.5ji; (8)ffmfitf mti?,S^mitm

V51, :i^; (1) Old Testament, Kings, I & II; (br)
mnt, mwmf iw* %, i i ; i - i 8 ; (A) tmmrn tmi cmeif
m - w t ? f f f , m - f ' i t i m , Leipzig iWsH %, ^. b-; (;)
fîf, n-mttim, mt, fem i i b - i ^Js^b-io 1
itf-^tHf, De Goeje l?,W?1, b1., % ^ A8o; (bo) . cim fH Itemm cftm c5f^
f i m m f , i f f l - Itfi, i i , io% ( i i ) - i t ' i i f , 111T51- ^ ( j ^ l ^1 u - M O
itfnt', I t n t i^s.0 f t . , ^ v 5 i ; ( i ^ ) f i ^ t m . m t m , tfir, iiiff, ifi-mit, fmm ii/i(i-i iei? nwi utmm
t f ? t i fie?Rtei, f . t m f tiêim ( I t ^ f ) , -^1., % boct; 'Iffii, timtii, mmf mmm ifitf, ffmtf irff
(io) The Jewish Encyclopaedia, Y*'-, i-, t f ? t l mmmafii 1 fti 4im-^?e^ S m fismim f n f f
fie?tltei; ( i 8 ) Encyclopaedia Britannica, iJsffo iiif? i m im? wum i m 1 imm?i cim f ^ fHim
t n t f tiiem
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Contents
tR?rmtit?st A5-8
TOT tft ? ^ * f M R l i t ? w t r ? ? wf??5tft A ? 11wA, 41RT5I, ff? ?t?Rt? WttRRt Rth-iil? ^ R R 4 t l R R 4 F t ? ^ ' R - f R
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t t R t f 1?'ê4R
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"ftft ?*t
timi iff fm mwup cn fiei i m t mwi i t ^ F i i

# w m f i n Htmmt i K m c n imi 4^:^ mm, im tm fif I t i w? ? m I ?eg#? s^-fm^fiif? Stmn
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f f n m i t m ittmn ifm tfmnt i m i i i n - t - tfmci m ?titlf Sf%tt l t d mft ^tc wtm m m, S^
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f n i t ^ m a i mtm i t m t e n i e i m t i l c i e i -a tm ^ I t m mm iHmticn 1 fif? ic^ mfn f â Stm fifin
f i c i ? mm.tfmi mm ifnrn fiim^t i i n mt i c? mtm mwtifi ff8 rff? cfm ff^ ifimfli 1 tm
m i c i f f ? tfmm t f i c i m i i 3 i ifim i t n t f l m m f 2tff& ?tw?ti i-5,o ?m?nf I i va mt? iff mtm
mm miir ^ ' i m I mw^ I C ? 1 timi "it^ fifii f f m I M f^ va
f ? m itm 2tnmom n tfim m^ im mwj ^ if?ei I mm mtifn frnwi tiin ^ f ? m ttm m,
fici maitmii imificmi i m i t f i f^tfrn m e m Sn tm m i I i f i fim^ffi 'Sim, im f*tm imi. 'mtSi n
tm fim? ifie n m n i fatfm tffti mwitm ^c m i mwt fimmf 1 t^mi i f f imi iiii'Si ftei? mmef
mt m CI, fStfm mm m-m im ifMf f g msr-itei mft nfwi Hfl i m ( m i l i%t, f. 4. f i&s) st^fi \.
tm sâmRtmf l e m f i m i f i f mwm f f m t? mm fitnf ifite? tfi flm f t f f ? i ^ m 2ffirm (mtm

i m r f g m s t - i r c i titifny iHm mwr ^te mmtm fifSm, i f , i A 8 ) 1
m I msr-m mtm fimm irei 1123? artfif i m 1 f i m f f m iTf2f'fl tfiti itm fî? n mm fcmu
fftci 113? c n m t fnm Htmn ifnte? nemfim ?m 1 cwji f 2 t f i i t f i ? it^ ( i ( j - & / i v D ( f i r i & v D / i v s f e o ) tim
titiie? nr-m mtm fimei m f t mffu â l e n f t mf f i t f t i c i memi i m 1 tm f i mw^n^ mtitcici f f i i
Stm c n m t mtm f i m m^-itei 'itfim' ttfi c n itn f^5te? tffi! f? I tiitnt^ itm fsm n mm f 3
( I t f 2 t i ^ m i i imtti fmwmrn 1 timi -sg fiten fim^fi I t w t i i f f ( i & v D / i v D i o - & i b - i v D / i 8 i o - i i ) mtm
?twitm ^1) 1 -itt n ? ^5tet t a j f m ?twim 'mfim' Sttf? titmmm i m 1 tfiti itf i t e n s t n tim fitit im^
m ifim I t e n 1 emu va m f ^ f T i ^ fim 1 iiem t f ? l i i t ? , -a fni-iii? i t ? ,
t m f tifcm
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f^H^f m%mimieH%wmwm'i%?i%nm I H H ^ H w f l e n iH ffm i c n n t f s f ^ - i - ' m i t e n

Hf Hm^n f^lim^m mm l i f HtH 1 # T 1%[1m I t e i m i t l i c n 1 miten itfitf H w t lelen fg i f i
t m c H i ? ^ <i^c^n W H I t m H 5 H m , ifSm, ? H l t n t i *(ei i#3H i H n n t 1 ^ 'wtitf"ifi fftmf m '
vQ H t n t H n Hwt IP mt ItHf ^tHm (fCtm fCH., (a.) m m i iHm n t m fitrnm i c n 1 f H ît m m
4., f.ffb-)I i m ^Hca H H m H H g tiHr^ m m H w ^ i c n I atnm b - i b - / i 8 i f f b - i f e / i s i ^ b vQ fiifnm
^tllHi itmwwH^stHwimwHf. tH. ioi, 8ffff-ffi I b - f i / i 8 i V b ^ 5 \ b / i 8 v a v a H i I w 1 tm H W f ^ afwIH
551 mci affmi mt ci, Hnifi mwn m b - i v a / i s i o - mm v s m ^ ^ c t f m i H f i H fntHit i f i 1 .^fmfiiii f f f c i
i i H C I tiHmr icn I citm i m i ci%n H: H w t m w i f i t n Hftei tm s t i t H i f n t c n (mnf i f i i , . f .
len ( H W I m i ) H W 4 1 W 1 wHHcn -smm fitiei f o r t . 4., 1. f8Si>) I f i f n t m i c n , " H H irmimim? i e ^ f t n
i H ttîHi (Hm, f . brff) I i f i H C I fcn H ^ s e i l H ^ t H f l c n 1 i f i f c m i f ^ lesf
>iiH HHffi m n Hen Hwfmr ?tc HtHeien ii i n ? ifnt Htm itieiff m m im ie? H H t i f i t i
.HwfHeHwtleliHemH=5wHHemlHfm iitwt icn I f H H w t len i i f i f f i f s f f = f - ' i t i t e n
len mft litei i m im!llf Se^ 1 mrti Hen mi w t f t m i cim ^tc H w i t f e f i i t t H m e n . 1 ( H h i -
f a i t ê i H h mf fnmcn mmtesra tm h s h H t m m m , ^5. ^ f ) 1 f H t i m e n S ? [ H m n icn, im
m j t f s Itci I meiei tfiti 11% iten men m m ititH fim
??ti i H n f w i s f i ? i t m i c n , fgfi mem
ii
len ^ ^ im^t m icn I i m afirs H f i c n ( f c i t n f c i t H n m , ^5. i f f s , its
cimtt
H H I # H mniten ifii l i i t i , ^5. i'j3b--ito) I fifm-fmrn ^ t c i ' s w t i t f f i
*^ ^*tm tpt m ^ f i m n
f t f c n afH S m m m i f i e n 1 f f i ffen m t â f n e n
m ( b - i o / i s i o - i i b - i 8 / i 8 i i - i ^ ) Htmteimmi icn 1
i f m i f f f o f i f i i ? m m f H itgim i t f m w h m t
H H fiif-1-HHiH ( H w i H h w ) SitH -stf1 iHilHcn 1
i m m f f m c i v Q fH cien iH i m if?f Hi nt f i m wiiei? W H i m i f S i m i t ^ 1
HHn ft?lH,i I H H fH ifH fem Hit f it^ntH w t i t f f e n f f m n f m f s f i t i f f i i l f n m^-
Hit^ftcn ffj Hem HtHntemcn I t m wtHtHHen 1 HtHm itemi i c n t f H f i i t m t i ?tw^ i s c n ( m s
fH m t Htm fircn ffie c m i # t n c h i cmsm w h 1 ^ , f . , ^. Abi) I im H w ^ n ^ h h H ? 1 1 H ? vs i i e i
n t f n f=iiic<p mi wHttm w h f m atHHHcn i t ^ 1 iHff fll I i i t ? i i m u m^f? Itm S i f ^^tci i H m e 1 ?
I S I C I I f f m va H f i ? m H n fimen ' s t w i # h i :
I t i f "lfl m t ^ n n h w ^ icn 1 HHim ic mit m
H f f , Sm ?iifi n i H Hen 1 Hwf lelen bMo^ i 8 i : ( % fftei w i c n (inff n m , f . 4., f . i ^ s ) 1.
f m f n icsf i c ^ ?twf lelen iten m m l e t 1
fimen # H i Htftf"lfl imei w t icn mt Hewt
i m i it^ f i ^ ^?tei H t i t e i e i f i m i H w i m i
Htftici memi ie? I
n 1 'flt?!^ if?fffc t f H i it% I t e n f i s 2 t f f ? fiie?
fgt mei S H H fl C I , Hfftffi f i m ^stH Hftffi 7 ^ ?jf%5ii i ^ m e m cften m t ifite? Htftien wm
Heifimitei b-i8/i8ii-iC5,?tc b-iVi8i8-iff m I W t ^ l H i iten afeffai H f i ? ^ m f i c i leitf i c n 1 fH
Hw^ icn I t m 4 f tHn fmiwtHHi 1 iteifim H f i m f i (ifif-fwffm) i f f ^ i t ^ H i m i ifin cfte^
^ti Hewci cm fiten fmHH I t f icn I t t I Hftffen HtHm ilc?tfl i c n i f i m H f i ? ^ f i itf^ m t f ? t i
?iw^4ii W W cn H ^ WtH m H I f? m Hwt lelen
iten i t i n f | m i f i m H f i m f i i t f ^ iten 2fff&
tftei fJt I H ^^tnHf I H w i t i c i " m f t^nti i f f ? t i ? i e i m u f f ? i h n ( m .
Htmffi iteifi men ffn n mnSifti fitw m 1 ^ , f . 4., f ^-b-Jj) I
HtHm memi icn 1 fgti H H Hewei Heifi men fî H f i ? F f i i t f ^ it^ ( i 8 8 i - f f f e f ),,?5fgfi ?t?m it^
H h c i H f len 1 t m Hwfiti i^lirf ^tHHi 1 Hwt
( i 8 f f f e - i 8 f ) , i t f f f i f 3 i it^ H e i .flt I t e n , C H t 8 w i
len fftei imH i H h i=im i n icn 1 f i m m ^ t f i s R i sb ?n?.?fw5 i c n 1 iflt fimii m-fmt.
tfHiitf HmtenScEsen nnwt len (i8i8-i8iv w m S t i f f fiei I f f t c n n e ? c i e i itf% i f f l t fiitfw
%) Htm m n i Q mms icn 1 Htiteiei fimien f n 1 m ^ f ^ t m m e i iH itm.n i f f i i r t |t?f5 fiw?
mHicmi fci 115} Htm i H m ifnt ftfinen tistfttt I f H m t i c n n t i t e n imiH t w f f i i f i mfi
f l l m m n i i fH f i m i afwfen mjtm vs imifii f i w ? ' I t H ?f5 mf I f f l i i i i f t H H i f T f H i e n e i
f n m nciien f i # n icn I len mn-nfwitmf S ^ i e i ififi i f i H Hewen Hn mHmt I t e n 1 ifef it^
2 f f i t i I t i icn I f i i T t f f fs fff-i-'miti (g.)-n H i f ? H ^ fim ^5tn tnîi mft ? t t n ? t w u n n m . i e ?
mmte*' cwHfcn f i m tntfi mf Htmei m^Ri icn I ( i 8 b - 1 f ) I
t m f fi^cm
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tffii, '^1, mm, i J J %; i f i fi^t, icitn-fim

ipHiTi iRbwii i m 1 tnrn I t f I t n mitcmm tffi, ifiitm, io^j-io(? nti; ( i i ) ft fcim frmitm,
tfmfw SdiwtiT m t l Hfirrtri i .xit i t m m R t i m mtm tfmm fcit m ; mfi fimim mn, mtm,
i*ott:i am leim iti m i m n itn mit m i^jv <[.; ( i ^ ) m ^ ifii, mrnfi Snmeiei fiHi itn,
ifetlHm; m tflm imtntm 1i ittifeim Httftiei mtm .flitcf, mt i^vo %; (io) ffim m m ^
tnti I t f I t m figstHit f f f m mtafwt fHtf? mm, mtiteien tfmi, mt, iJ>j>j> <[.; ( i s ) Ahmad M .
itimi I , A; Early Turkish Empire of Delhi, Lahore, 1949;
I t t m tHffci tnti Ittt .flit s ^ f1 1 fmtt ( i f f ) Ahmads; A SupUment to vol 11 of the catalague
iftittmci l i a f i i T t f i fimf fiei f? t%f%i Sn stffi of coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Delhi,
i m 1 f n m f n m iftitmt ttimtm te5f igt 'it?i^ 1937; ( i N D ) BhaHasali, N.K., Coins and
m i f n t tnti i t f f i m i i ffmf? ifm fiitm nt Chronology of the Early Independent Sultans of
ittitwm Ttfim f i ^ r f i f i c s fftm lat i t m fi"t>iit Bengal, Cambridge, 1922; ( i i ) Karim A, Social
I t m i ift?itfli I n s f ittitmtiTtf-fiHi I t n i f sf i t f i i t History of the Muslim in Bengal, Dhaka 1959;
tfiH Itf f i m n fmsi sffti?!' fftm mfii atm ( i V ) (?f11. Campus of the Muslim coins of Bengal,
fim ifrnr îtftm i fifti ift m i b n ifnt Dhaka, 1960; ( i J > ) Majumdar R.C., History of
t f i t i mf I t n n C l f l wiicn Sn f i n f i ^ le^si i Bengal, Vol 1, Dhaka University 1943; ( ^ o ) Rahlm
t f i t i I t f Iten mmei fifii i t n ittiteim wiien M. A., Social Culture History of Bengal, Karachi,
tnti It IC? I S^ itwici ftfen fieiti, ci%t mm 1962; ( ^ i ) Sarkar J. N.. A History of Bengal, Vol
itfteii n t n nt cifi ifs ifim fkitnm t'imi II, Dhaka University 1948; (^^) Bengal : Past
itf i t i e n a t m tifiti ^m itti i fmt mtiteici f # R and Present, Calcutta;
mfii fiwiei mtffi f i w i mm ififf i m i .^t fcit 5ftmTmftm
mtiteien mtfwi fiei n f n mm fnt n i %nn1wt (5_^LJ 1) s H m m n 1^ itneltf^
Uim fien S,ien cwm^s itf iten fien m f i stfttm mf "mf fftm t n tfmici tfmfimf m n.i,
iftitei 1 .flt fcl mtiteien fifii Uimfiw Itfi tifieSi ffi cmifimm (soghdiana)-n ifntf i msn Hfi itf
if^ ^ t f t n f n 1 1 m i ifimfli I f i i t f i itf%f< fntif-n i n t f fiemfw n i ^smn s ^ ifim ffi
Itm .flt itcii I t n i i l e n nfwi, itntit, itntf's atm cimifn lei ififi n i itiapci fH fintm 1im
ntfief 1 .flt fcl filtl i m i t n t i a itff fim n I f iHm mfim cmm i m (oiff/j>^v) i fimen,
atitm.ducat's tfmi Iff f i m n i^ff ffim itn
fH an Ob n n mw^ i m i hoa ^. ftqi'i-mm m -
i f i m e n i fmm f f 'mfiicnci fienmei itmr m
fsmif Hnti i t 3 p i i ifet ' f i m ' i n ifet itci f?im
i f i m e n 1 tftm atc5tr?r tnti i^m?itiatmififntfli i
t n tnti mmfi .(mm fimmn)-ci f i mwmfe
fftm mtiteiiei iHficn iff ifm itttcv8 atitifi
iHi i m ntiti-fsmifci n afmei ftf n i ostr/ha'S)
nmmfimen i
m fH. Itimf ifm iti-ff'-i n ^5tc i m m ^
stiff (i) citmi cftitn l f l ifS fiitfsT-ititfm
imm I) 11 ifim H m m mfi n i H ftitei
ntfm, m m S f i mfi mtm tffti, m?m ntef,
mt iji8 f; (^) fftmf mfii fiHim fi?fS mie f # t i ififi n I mtm cmei it^m ^tit m f m f n - i t n
fiwm tffti, i f ^ W't^ iffatf, Ittm ntef, mt, cm cn n fH ifitei mieii cwil fjj iti-mH'-m
ien, <[.; (o) fiiftw-t-ii?tew fiiffe tmt-t- fe n vo; (8) fim^^ m n . ifmii ^tm ifei iH-mH'ei n H f c f i w n f mm.i, , V
mif; tmif-t-mimf, mtm, iJî-o(2- f; (*) fimSi- fntw iti-mfi' ff ^tc n m i m i ign fH
f i mmf; m f i - t - f n itf, mtm, i i r ^ ^ <[.; (MJ) fifm- H ^ itui tm I t n ifnt fifnr mm nt mwmf memi
t-tm I f m , Uffil, 3Fii, ib-(?-(?j> <[.; (1) mcfti f?if, ifim fimei i f i m i .flt mtfi fim itf ' i t f m m
CI. .fll. ism l f l imtfi vs mfi, fiit, i v o ^r, (v) itw mm I meiei fH Htftn iti ifim fitm iti3i
rnitmiitf mfm itifi s citi?fifrm tf^fti, cit^fim,4fi i m t fitm itmf i t n ii mifi t n tftei
<[.; mitl mi lemtitm, mmm tffti, î, fim.iflieg 4^1 i m I I t f ' I t f itf^ vo i m m iti
ifimm, ioî-w8 imi; ( i o ) isffm^ ^mf, cfte? 1 % (voffVisî) I t i f m fiictt m m i m i m f n n
t.H. ff/oo t n t f fiiem

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t ^
AtM- A M At^tr^ , "WTTO 2ffTOT4 WTRR M e ^RAtR
4R?1ICA'I 1" t4f W t R - ' l ^ , W{ tT?^'R-'WT4M SJK:^ ? M
ar^fft s ( i ) t ^ ' R - w r f m ( R ? Tomberg), i t, AlÂR^CAtl ^,RR*fRt 4Rvili^'I, ^ A t f ^ t ^ ^R ^ t
SA'Js t . , t . ; (A) % TT'sm 'Q AIRWA'^P!^^^ ( ^ v 4IR5T?lft I
Defremery, Hist, des Samanides), ^. i ( ? 8 , A^jî; ( o ) ttRij? t=lAl*lC4 W t (intuitionj-iiR 1^41^ ?M
t'Mtft Mt4t?, i R R?,, v s t , i o \ S o , 5. M R R ; ( 8 ) ftR4tRr?IA; ? I R ^4ra? (^[4Tt^, A t , o o i ) I t?? AT^-TO RT tRAiR
(a) M f t Rtftf; ("Jj) wmt^'R-fR WtA'Rtff, t ^ t ' ^ - M f t ; 'tft''5it R t ^?R (nature)-liR Rsit^f^ (WIR-f?^TR, 'J. i ' l Q - ) I
(1) Zambaur, Manuel, 216; (b-) C . F. Bosworth, Wt*M "?PM MtfAiiftt'3 'tRAtsi'-TO W p f ATTtnt
The Banu Ilyas of Kirman (in the Minorsky Mm:4? I
Memorial Volume) (R1^ 1 tro ?lf?rA M R t C ^ , tÂlR tT?R ^,'#t W < ^4tAm<3
C I . Huart <3 ^Mmt f f w t (Rt. Rt. % ) / RtCW^ ?A?tR W ^ C 4 R i a .-^sff tfAt 4 M (R-S-m, f 4 f 1Tf?tM WCsf l i f t
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t r l ^ ( f I4J I ) S t R t ^ W # * f t M W< tRl*I4?It, tRl*IS R W ^ R M-?i' (f^ I . ' - . i ' . ) (W31R?r R C 1 T ^.4R) WC^f'S
4?1R, COIR'S TOT C4T?"a ^ RCMT t t 1 W T O T 1 liit At?n m:41 (JM 11^3^ ( R ) Atrorr^ s C4R<3 C4H'3
4T?T:'t M e ? 5 R T W 4 WTRSR ^[AIR ({.L-jJ ^ t . j ,.^) ART A?, R m C?PIRIR, WITO C4T?*3 C4T?<3 R m TOTTR? 1 W ? T i i l 4
(?R ^ fhr M e r ^ R4R MraT t f e ? 1 i^tîf
AT%5' ^ l l t ^ l l A (R) <)PI?I1<;AH S ?i5:'R-f'5R WITO ^^1^
. T O A ^ 1 ^ 4 WIR-^PJ^ ^3 ^'p:^'^-^[ApR'ART A ? I (.'.)TO4MCA . . . Wft,WTTO W ^ R i f SHRR4?ftR!i:A
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> i l 4 T O TOA At^llC^ S U j i i J L a J U\]\U^ M r ^MC^, "(Rt 4tT AT TOtT RPipR? W3TR a M 4 M
"WoSt? M *?,lc1"^Ci 8 b") I CTTO f5r4e ^5tt l i r a i t ?ARt ari'iNt R # TOt WtTO WSTR
Wl-T?lft ( \ a o t . i f f . ) ^ WiRttTO 1^P%? ^ [ W t % - i a ?
fATOir? ^Tg4 ( t ^ ) 4 M 1 "
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t ^ ^t?R!8 ÂT? ATTtrm AITO, WMTA t'WTRT R!^?R? RIT Ate RtAfC^ TK^, ÂfTOTI'UlR ?#?rt
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wsTMrii? I tiS['R-'wtTOl wfTOJtr^ t^lAtsi-iil? W J f WtWtA ^"WtRt 44
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t r o t ' ^ ('WT)-TO W3C?f tat 'WRft TTO ^ C g 4 4l^?lR^>i" w< wT<3At j i ) "<3f c^rat 4f?m^" ( ? m ^t?itr^ 1
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t ^
mm\ i%8<b %) I t n f^m\ S^ mmm ijtm iHmn, ^ ltd-1 atiem^ c g f ? m atiem^ c g f ? mfi? iff
mtf f m t m n 21^%! ? icu ttmtm t st ^1% nt ciem^ c g f ? m cmm c3% itfi? ift f i f ? 1
ctm% * t t f H m cmm fH iHm itHmn 1 t m mmf (?) aticm^ C 3 f ? m e i tifni?'iteimH
m m, s^ mttc Hn iPH ^^?rtci s atn HnH .^t, iH?ten (tfitf', v5i.) I
mtf fmrt i m at^Hi icm HH^ i t iH? citnot ffH'i-fi tn'^-'mtmf f? mif? f e i "m ?n
HH ItHm itnm Sftci ixitit n H H n n HHi S n mm m ^ i i (catfi ciemimii) fitm mte? tntfm
atHH iHmcn nt m i at^Hi icm ^qtii i'sH tiHtr f i i t m m i f i i . . . " (^^ s oi) mmft? nut ifm
HH mHifcn cit^Hi mtcu itfi tm i l i t i # 1 Hici a(ie^ fifimen, "itfm mm, ?m-atff? f i i ^^7: mm
HmiHs stcitl iHci CI mimci 2t^%i 1H1 vs iTtitf't iM f^ ifim atmff ^ i t e ^ m i e ^ m?m ate^tt
iU Hfi iHc Itn I cmti citcmt cn iti H^ iHit mm ifiaim fimm it ie?, n Sft cie?iim ift
cnitsf ItHit cn IH^HcintH f v s i t cm itHimmi itfsfj art n 1 i?n s^ mfstt cit m't^ ^ ' i t ^
nt # n mt nt c m Hen mmi cn l i t e I t c i , c i t ifft^ ^^rt^'^titm Sm ifci .flt?ii
ici H^ iHm cniiwiiHitimvs cit^timcnHmiH? m n f m mitaim m S ^ if?m fie men, mm mrm
?li1 tiHtj IS^ mitc iH Hfl HnH .flt ci, mtf mitm mftc? itci 1S^ m m m^s m^s f ^ mm ci?
m'm tfftcn mmci itfici citiH itmtc? 11 ^ cm^ ?tc nilici f i l ^ ^tm ws wie? i f t i m i ^ ^tm
cftnttti 11 mn mttit Hitcn 1 iitH .fltm:ivs nt m ie I m i ifltii mir? Sft m u i f m ?fe 1H1 mt
CI, mm? m'mm .flifici cm itfcn mm icm mmi nt we? i f t Sm irni", mm mm mutfm wie?
tsmit^ titt mf^rmm, mfici citici Sm itm im f?im?f? leu m H fftmf i f ftite? f i m w ie?, fiemft
Hut nt ftmm cimtfi 11 f&fim Smcn icm ^?tmmiisn t n i t ^ ' t i i f tn'itiHmiii5H
itfrn H"# ifim mi attmw% fs ^ osmHvs fH ifim Sitm atH meitiit ifiltcn 1 Smm atnH ttcc^
mfimcn 1 s^ finH .fltii ci, fcn mem miti ^tctifti I tiftm mmei mmm atfie^ m m t f m wie?
mmen cmen S n if ^tm Sm fftiH^ ncmfimi iH mf^ mt I iei Sm m m t f m f^ ^m^ ? f m f
mmenei 11 cim 1 csf{^'>t\ .flt ci, tifti mmf m'mm iiei ml n, mmm new m itc? mte? mmi
fiit ^ste mi ^ vg csijtH 1S^ ^ vs omtfei m t a ; cit W e i f m citma Itew mei m IS^ e ^ Hf%ct t n i t m
i n i^?t m ifie Ite?, mmm "^m stfH cn fifimen c?, mfnt't fim cm) arfHite?t m n - ' s f i a i
ifig 1 I t f m me? ntm n ?tcvs n n t m cnit ?tc cmim 5f?e3! s ^ n fim cmum,ifimf ^?tm
Sfi ^tm ltd I s^ cmt vamimm mei mft 1 t i mltd? 1 fmt gfc ?i?rtfi?itc? ie#5 ^ cffnt ciemfstm
va v s i t f mm nm? fiemf fin 1 m i timi mfim itei mfiHi Mitmf m 1? atwten att^ n 1 s^ i?ii?t
m ^ m'mn? 1^ ^^te; mm? vsmivamm mfim itei m v s f aftf%? l?1t I v a f a n f ^ i?if if#o ie^ iffs, Sm
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vsitfsitm Itei minf? ifie itH m 1 mm? m'mm fitfnif'i-itfim, i i , v s s f f , 'ififi-vamHi mf ii
ê tfffi cie?f1? m?Tei mfim Itn 1 Hfse? f, f) I
mfntifci ntm c?nva mmi ?if imiH fiewt a f l i f 8 ( i ) m-f"?m ( S ) i 8 br), fiHs miff? 41^,
atfis iHm Itei (tfm', oi, 1
fien fiem^ ti% 5 t i i f f cm ; (^) ii-mmf, v o o i ,
timmi I t vs Snfl; m m Sn^s les 1 i?j?m, i i f f 1.; ( v s ) m-ltmnf, m-mntl. Less it., % i i > i ^ ;
wt vs i m m mmei mw m ( t f i tfftf) mfsm ( 8 ) m-mf, itmf^, mem i v o o b - H., b - i , svob-; (a-) m -
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cf %? m I t iH fiewm fifpici fat ifti Hmti 1? i H m fififif; (1) ' I f f m - i w f f , I t i f " i - i t f ^ , tj-
Sftm Itftem imit ifim mmei 1 i m ^ cmm? csff? ; (b-) m-mHi, m-fmtit, % 8<\y, tn^tn
m Ife? cua mitm is? ^ wm fiim icm mti m-mmff, m-fiiti, ffi, 1. i i ; ( i o ) m-mtf,
filmft lit mm ftct sfm m 1 tmi itmf (?) s?tfit', v 5 i , ib 1.; (a) m-'mi't5'i-miiH?J, mim,
cgf? w m vfltii Sm atm ifimen, m m , ?tft? mem ivo;s,i H., tj. 8 0 1.; ( i ^ ) tn'^-^=ft^'^-wtmf,
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ift ?m?t mint fif^j itei 1 me??# ie itH ate?i m - m ' f i t , i T i e m i v s ^ i H., f. '^^; ( i s ) t n itfn,
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t m f Hfcm
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mt-wtfi'Si--iif?, i M ioî R, ii, %(t^; (ito) -^rm c n e i f i 'jwt-int iH t f i e n <êjcn m r ^flt H
ift iH-imtf, mfiT' HftHi-msm, ii'f%cm it, aieHi ifi I imtf' 1 ^ CI ' m - t i t f ' ^tc % i l ^ i i
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15T*rm tfHiKlH'l-W' ^- ^; (ib-) Gesenius, 11 c n e i f ^?tc.fieii c m .flitted f i t i ^ ( m i
Hebrew Lexicon, If- J (i^) Dissoulavy. Gate of t i t f ' - n f m Itfi? I t i ' f i f i t m i I H I (
the East, % ;' (fo) Encyclopaedia of Islam, i i It,
I) I f n r f c n c i t i r s "m-tiff" H HW n Hti
"9*[-tHf' 'mtf' i c n m m ^ t H d i S f t n i w i " H t i t f t
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c n m 2tH t f i i H 5 t H d , H f l Itffen fsrt, i n t , S i t i H
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11j i f i I .at i f isifws afsfi ltd i iifti ici
m r t c f i m f IC* c m n i H r n i c i , t w t f itirtH
f a m m s H m f i m mtnt W H I t i f i i I f H m, i f i f i
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futen Iflt cimtH "s^ ' i t n n ^ c n i f i ^ l f e n w u ffi
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2tfH ' j w t i
1If11f 11 i f i H f l i mt c i t i t n
f i l t l (paganism)
mtf? tf m , tm - s m f ' s i n j i i r e i H n i w
nHi c i i n t % H : H f i i f w s f i l l
d l i e n - S ^ i H cilH^?tc c i t i m e i f i f ^ i 2f5fi
l t d I ( i ) m e m e t ? f ? ^ ' ' < J i ' (ilfiH)iff.HtiHHf?
's f? ^stH ifi I cmt mm i H m H ' f m i H S I , I % "S
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HjJt itm f i i t mm t f f m a f c H w i i w m nite?
if%^ m t m t ^ I f f ^tc fi?f I m t t H ScîT
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n ic^H f i i fiit m s F f p f i m t i c f ? f i i fiit i f f f i <d I ^ m im fiH fm immi n t i m m e i citi^
tfr cifiit .ilt I W nt f ^ ns^ CI, m f t i ^ i n f t ^tc ^tc a f ^ i n t itm H t i t e ? i i m ; SnH "3 t f m m
fim^ ^îtci I i f i e m e m .flt 9ms % f?f ci, S?t ff%fm 1 (8) ifm" i t f t i s IC .flt i f t ? Ss,iH
.flift citl I f f 1^ ^tc. '{f m f fifs I f f im-ifmtfi < d J i f t . f - i ^ ^5ti I iflt i c f <d| f t c i i im itm
11 It ifiitci I lf^ C l f i H H H I I f-ig^ i S t H IC (f. m - > s H f ' , i i ,
mtf' 1 f t if%tci wtftf ittijvs 171^ ^tc cut ioffi) I .flt I W i f i d t f n f m fif^ I t c i mtm c m n
f i n d I H f H I ' S .flt 1 ^ 'mtf' W m c m S i t c m IH ?t?lci CI, aff t i f f mmat iffftf ?jf m cif let i
WIJ m f m t l .fltfciiift m f t m m i ficiij {^\ 'mtH H H l i f f SiflSig; a t n fif? iei i f i i ? m r
jj_) 11 m i i f n t d I i c i e i t .flt i m i f i i t d i ci, i f i H e n I e? <j J i f i i ? c i t f i i (f. m - f m i i i i , imt.
m t f H f t m - t f t f - n n f l 11 (f. it.it.t., fiiw <L1 I) I Broch. f ii; H t m W H I l l s f . f i c H . mtf) i
rfrcn ^ Iflt CI, wtftf f l ^tc m t f "s t i t f H n wiftf fi? imtfH mtf ( d J I) H f t e i H n t ^ H e i H
I t l t l t H Hif ^ H I f f i H d I I f i t f ^ Iflift H i m i ' j ^ i ) ? H H l 1 j i f ? itiifei'fltiatfiei=it?wfi I
filH, tiff ^ mft i f c H n ififit ficiH i im? miffiiii t i f f "ittf H m m ? Ss,iH i t H - a i c n
m t i c n H i t tiff e m msi i m m . f l i H, i?tfmtci m m H i f n t m I S? H fi n i f % ^ H f%^ ? fmen
t n t f fifem
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c i f c i f t H C I t s n m f i c m (5 i f i H c n (5. i m - H f , m?titt: c m f 5 i H 3 f f^ci m r m it3i tiff Hffc

Hitfi;l-tm, iticH i v s o i f t . , i t , b-vs) I m m ftffc i f i c i afsm f ?m H m c3f?w itH m; ???tifci?
^ ^ r m i c i t f m m m c i t ( H % f , f H 8 ? m i f aift) t H f m i f cHmtm n c ? t H H tiff fm, tft fim mitm cn
.flt "*tw?ra H:*U m t l c i m m H i H I n H t i f i H H f imra nHfi ^ c H I ? i r a ? Scsfn H v a m i t d i f v a n n;
l i H m I t f m H: m t f H t t T S ^ ( J ^ ^ ) , tH? fsjHfSifi i m tci ?vaHH ?tim l t d m t fim f s i c i w
c i m S , 1 f % ^ H t 111H? 1 I H 1 3 IC .flt ?2|ffS\s -îtft a|jii^n te?tftm n t t m m m ^ ^ ciiteiva titf
ifvQHmf I
H ^ ( < i _ j ) - m f c i f f i t f ^ i i ? 3 ? c H c t ' m t f ' I t ?mt
i f ? H d I m m m m n : m t f H t t H f ? H ^tc titf ifim fii til l f l fiTm? cHiitfcva a t m t
'jff 1 f i f if?ii?,r*m 'SIC i M f H t f t i ? j . a i f t f^?iif=i i f i H T i I cm cm H i t f w i Sim i t i c ? fm i^fcn W H
(jj_^)ê lf^(j- .7. r,) H ^ (Jj) 5 -I.) ? t H C l I m m H a H n i i H d ntmfc? citoH m i mfiH

c i f c i f H m 1C?1, H f t 6 ^ ^ ^5tC 'Jf 1ff. f f t
m d tiffs cit m fi^fi irmH cnrnfii ( f i t w t )
H C I tHf&; f5?g ( c i t f a(eici)-c .flti? fi^-tufc i n t c i
I H (f^RTf n 6 > L ; V ) I m m J j ] H J ^ l ^5tc iflt
m cm i f i t i f f i f mfit Ht, iflt^H .fln i ? t ftimmti
f c i ? S,tf%? i m f s C i f C i f s t i f f ?#5ifcn 1<t- " i s J i f i H ?
va c # i i ? 1 ^ .fltn n-fif m i m tiTf^jfit i c f ,
sff'S ^vsH" I m m <dl H f f t m f t ' Q l H n f ? C t H ^ H ? ?n?C'1t T f f i i c t mi?H ifif I H H C I cut titfH "cmffc
f ? m m ?
f
f ^ I t c ? ? m t H ? cHf? <t?ftci m , s t f t H f itt^"? i m atf^m I H f i H " 5 f i H i t f i c n i Sm
( S t t H ) ^\sH? C H H ^ m i f l l H J I m t f 1 1 f f ? f f i l 1 t S c f t m i , cit'sH f c i f c i ar^fi, t5t itt fiHt it^sfi?
i f ? ? T c i ? c?, c m c m i f i ^ H s t s f ? ' m f mm j ^ i H f t (versions) ic?pa ?jtti i s e i t w i 1 H *t?lci i a t t l f i i n m
c m m H l H w f?Ci?]?iCt ? m ^ ^tltCl ( f . G. Ryckmans, tliSBvo ifiici? ?fS icn tiff^ H i i S K i m H H ifiici?
Les noms propres sud-semitiques, Louvainico8- ? 5 H ? f i H tHiff ^tnci \ .fltfi? icm a s H i i ? i m Iff?
<t, t t . m t l f w l '^t?c??fiHfiftc J J I n t c i f . A . Jamme, ^titri m t ff^ ifi? ?fS ^ tfiii^ i t i S F C i .flift? ir^
Le Pantheon sud-arabe preislamlque d'apres les itm# f i f i H f i H c i I I d tftm f i cmfH itwci?
sources epigrapiques, Le Museon-.fl, Ssl (iSsSi '^.), fft^tifcii
iim n? 113 fimm liitfitiff iHm^m ?^f?t
5ri*f#t g mm S f i f i ??i i r f ( i ) f ? m H # I ; fji ..fliH [f.l (^. I f f - iô/i'aô) I m f i i # 8 f i t if?
(^) m f if?m f?f g f i f ? f l ; (o) E.i.\-Htci, va itirtfm mtig n wifam ifi? ? n t m m tmf? tm
m t l l a h ' ; ( 8 ) H f i m , f1?mi 1 l f f ? ' l - f i m , H - J - l 1 ^ n I T f t m I C H litfn ijffm ttcin i f i H H
t,; {(t) H . H . t . I m ^ w i iH ( H mt mmf mtfi^ iH?) [Sii/i(?i H i o i / i ^ i
D. B. ] V I a c d o n a l d ( E . L V ' ' ^ n ? ' 5 ^ ' = f m m ici}itm titfm W '^fi "î^ titf?
%W^(s.mtHm) 1C5f if3 ? f i H ^ 1 H n; ^ T i # mm,(^.lrvs'a/i8^s-voo),
îiD {^_f-iJi) s st^fi ? f ? m t s m H ^ f i m v f l i m n f i f i f (^. b-i8/i8tos-io), timfi fcif (^.

C5}f? Wifam i f i s t , c m c m i f l t c i mpfft H # .flt hSo/idOO-S), Sftei (^. Sibrtr/jxl-b-o-i), 1t?fWl?,fi?1eH1f
ifist m i c t . f l n I C * H n w i c * HVSH n i ? f ? (f. ioio/itooi-:^), ffff (f.ioô/itoii), lltft (f.
m ^ f ^ ^ i t ? m r va f ? M i r m m r t i t f m m iovo8/ito^8-e), ffcms (f. ios.ff/itovvo-8), fimft fimt
atm m f S r a n n f ^ ?sfit ^ê
f ^ i .fltsfi? m n ifist iioff/itos8) I .flt ifilei? ncit f?f^ f f fm
sftfic m t i f f i c t ?f5 n i t , t c ? c i t s f i c ? m r f ? i?c?i H.mi fwt I tiff i f i m ^ f f fmmici?
m?tfi^tHi#iHfic a f # i ^ ? t c i , c ? t i ? m l t c i t i f f ? f ? I f l t m I t i tHl ^mei i Hîtm i f at?H
H v a i t f i / t f ' f fn? m t ' m n f f ' i t i c i ? i f l t i t f i c
HVQH mjt?H% I
f f f t c m m i m (cc^, iH?jt) m fii? I H n t i t f
titf? m^t cit m Hvam n cit^H fg? m t c i t s f i ?
m v a f^ 1
atH? 'nt i t H f? I H c i ? 1 H va f c ? ? t l m m'^tff
^^H i?,miiffiti ^ itHtfm ^ S t f mf 1 Hf iic?f titf ifiHifm i f j f ttîft citsH liitfi
? i f i ? r t i = t f i c i c i va f i H ^ w i f a m m ^ m t f i c .flt t H f ? ? H i I t c i citsH"s?[ ife? f ? m t mtm tfi mic? i
I t f i i H i f i ? H?m ^?tH H c i i f H m ^ m l t m f S t i c i = if?iife? ? ^ ! 5 H i itf? i e .flt m itsfm HcH'fti
^ H f H ' S H ^ S H f f m f ( l - ) - 4 ? ar-i|<|lHf H I t d i l ( g . ) i H iffifi ^fci? cicieicim ' t t i s n e t i r ? H m W H H'sm
i f m i t c i "itci; c m n f ? i t H ' S t i c i ^ , c m f i H f i i T t ?tt 1 a r t f i ? tiff ifimfie f? i t e m w i ie? im ?t?itii
t n t f fifcm
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titf mmii
mt m m w I ^1 wilt itrrCT,cititn 1w?t ciici? ? j f ^ i itsttf mn I tmf ifimifcn f? new s
its w i f a f i if%ti m lilt w i f s f i sifH ifitficvs m i l ( i t o ) A. Golpinarli, f. f., f. ^ 8 i - f f i ; ( i i ) C l H , fjl
ir^ irsft mtcmtvs n t <t?tl[i=i i iiii i t i tw af^fi tftfi is>oto f, oo^-ff; ( i v ) cmi?mtw, %
t i f I t m f ? miet f l i1it m t l <ir^ i m t i ^tci m t itc?? cici, f l I t c k le? i t f < ? i m s f f ; ( i S > ) Salahattln
m n f m t m t t c i t f ? i t c i t w i i f n t f i c n i ft%t Gurer, Asik Yunus Emrenin bestelenmis siirleri,
i ^tc t i f I t m t i t t t i fgitim'^^ f?, i f i s t H i m t tftfl is.toi f; IÔ) Cahit Oztelli, Yunus Emrenin
i c f m mt m s cmmifOT ( f i i o o / i i i v ) , cifmi bestelenmis ilahileri, TFA-C, I t (iSstoV f) i
( f i i ^ V i i i f f ) , mtfrni tiit%=t c m (^. i ^ ^ V i v s t o ) i P. N. Boratav (E.I.^)/^ftn
t i t % f c n n f i f i ? ?T?m i f? ?ili ilf? a l i i icl; t^rtt^'R ( ^ ) 8tti-ttmf (j<_ijL;î)itei
c i i t i f I t m t i t f ? fc?? mifi if??tcn i t f i n m ^ i - iTt_; siSiViffV8 l t d f H I f l t mim t m af?i ie?i i
nfi? vs ?r%i ? t f t I\ IHO(T f ) i .flt mt? a t n ? m f t f i i mntm Htmme?tfcn ?m,
wtn m^fii fff i?it? ' m m m i tirtf mr s>too/iffffff-to, tft f l l I f l i f t cit? m mt t m f m f i i
m^frfi ^ mitfi ?f[? i f mt if??fm (f5i I t r f i f ? (Vernal equinox)-m t i l f t , ^ o i t e n i t l t i r f l
lillH, oratorio cn trios parties, ?nt ^to; ifiot^fi? i ^ s e m f i n I a t t f i m e m if^m iti^fi? m mj fli,
i ? t f m m utfii ^tc IHS<{ f a n r f i ^t?rci) i sm Iflt mf? iti^sfivs g F i I iti>sfi? f i m i t U f ê o^
i o f t ifit? I C U c i t f i ? I C U i c ? i f t t?t w i f a r ? i w ; ^ I itimf f ? t f Iflt m at?m a i e i t w f ? i t i
titfrffft? ?6t?t ^ liT^ ( m m 1 1 / i o i ici? ? n t ) i m m t mt? fi?il?f ?nt i m i iflt cilf*4i
m t m v f t ? ? n t tm S i ? m ? t i i?t mr i a t H # i ? u t i t e ? m f i - i t f i ? m , t m f ^ m aftfi,
ffinif s ogt ?m m f a t ? ifim i ^ cm^s i m i t sti fo?tt m t f f t i f f cm m3fi i t m ^5tc ^m i f n t t^
1 f t i mmi c u ? m r g . ( i ) mmi ii'm, i t i i '
m f t n a t i s i nf Sf^ i m m m 1itmiite?t3î i f l t i i
fi'?cif?Hi C i f i i c ciSt, tmii i s . ^ b - f , ^. hs-b ; (c^) m f t i t m ? t i m i^ fHi ttct t i t f m m f n t im n i
cmi?^?m f m r n i f ' m , f i iiinf??jtffm t f i i i i t m cm-mmti? fi?fi Hm ?IJI, m - ? T m i t m i a i
f o t i i v s f i i m , tmii i t s i s i f ; ( o ) m ^ i - i t f c u i f i m f i , itl^l (book-keeping) ^ Hm Hfl^l (auditing)-m
^ ixiff? c mit^sSi, tmil i s x b i f , ( 8 ) af?w t i t f ' utue? Iflt m fn ^mwn i i o t o V i > J i ^ b - - s . itd m^smsff?
itmfii-iii i i t t i 1 f m ^^lintlic titff-m mmm ms (g.) msem Sfmn fifiit i m , fif m r f iti-i;gtie
((?) Hi'm v s i i m , .flffi itfttf c i i c 5 f c i f f i t f i i t c ? f i c i - tiff I t e i ? ir?n timi imitt itHaticiHsif ii-mf?i
c, mrt c m f c i t i , mrt IHAA f , f i i i ; (to) c i . Hfi- Hfim ie? tmf m n mHi H i m fieii a m i m i
i o i V i t o t o v - 5 > ltd fH iflsm at?fnt fiti^ i m i tif
?f?f?, trnm-fim ciicc? ?tim, HBH (= mfi f i i f i f i
HC??-Clf?)-iil, i i i ( i S . 8 ^ f ) , (2-0-8 ; ( 1 ) P . N. Boratav, if^m I f f tmf ?ii#r ?mitc? m n t im m n

af?w 'mfi mmf?', Turk Ansiklopedisi-C; ( v ) c i H , ?fi?i in5rii miH i m i H I S R I atf imHf? m t f
'mfi mrtf?', in Istanbul Ansikloedisi-c i f?m cit? m m a f r # i fnft? icm tii i i f i ^ sfiti m i ?mtei
mlfci t m m m 1^ m m m mr g. s (s>) itfwi tmf ? ? i # ? ([^c m f iTfe ?f^ f m mm wr"^
tScwi, Gecmlste Bursa'da dugun adetleri, F.
Ht^-m f w - t fîmi iif f l l m r f ?lew? mr mH f n
? i i # f atitm Semficn i
Yenlsey-c f. i . , f. toi; ( i o ) M. Enver Bese,
Safranbolu'da bir koylunun, hayati, HBH-ifl, b-1 fîf 8 ( i ) mfi-mî, miimfft, o i , Bibi. ind.,
(iS.os, i o t o ; ( i i ) Hamit Z. Kosay, Turkiye
ifimm i v i o - v i '^.; (c^) i^ d H , m^-t i t f i t f , i i ,
dugunleir, mm?t i S i 8 8 f. i ( ? 8 , cêo, o o c ^ ; ( i ^ ) Bibl. Ind., <t>fi<tl1 i V t o 1 - 1 l f ; ( o ) f^tm f f f i l If^smf
Fikret Memisoglu, Harput'ta klna geceleri, TFA m, gforit|1-fm, Bibl. ind. i f i i f f i v t o o - i 8 f ;
(-Turk Folklor Arastinnalari)-c, I t o v (iSxjc^ ''t.) >a ( 8 ) S. H. Hodivala, Historical Studies in Mughal
I t I V ( i s x j t o f ) ; ( i o ) fmtl mimcmif, SarMsla numismatics. The Numismatic Society of India,
dugunleri, TFA-C , I t toto (IHCTQ f ) ; ( i 8 ) P. N. ifimm iS>ô f; (ff) f. TA'RIKH' af?w l
Boratav A. Golpinarli, f ? f<=1H m i l l , mmt M. Athar AH (E. I. ^ Suppl.)/5f8 m f f m

iSi8o f , ^.(?o-(2-1 nt i f t i wirmitfi i^tci f titft . t^Wt'srr'<PF(._j^,Ai^;î)8SfiH,
f i l e ? g. 8 ( i f f ) Enver Bese, f . i . ; iilt m I f l l m nm 'mfi^'i-fm fas, f*i-mi-i'i-mvsi mm mm
I C I imti m m ^ iti wifar? ifim i t ^ f i f i mme? Smm men m mti itn itmf'f-mm mfi mm
t m f fitem
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Contents
%ntt A I F I RFÎ^
4F?^ qiT, w. iieb/iH8\5 RtCR I NIRTTO ftfk ifl^l^ ^R*f?, W f t t R R t f w "a 4 ^ 8 ? 4 AtMp WR4TLFTICT
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^-?n?# 4 F T t i M (5.), CTO R^feTOt^ttA wwm W ^ f ? TjtTS tARtC? >tAt ?5R?ttftCR?, f 4 ^ CtC?? 1RC4 t f t
(5.)-'^^ wt*mfTO5 t t i t A N T ^ ' R - f ? >a M n % ' R - ^ f t ? ?t^ &.)-m ?5Rttt# TOW ?5T;?? I i i o e J%tCR vStAta
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? t 4 T O t t At i^8îb-^b RtCÎ
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R f ^ (Djhirka), W t ? % ftRtC? R t m ? tAt? m\V^ sfîts ( i ) 4 l f t ^ ' ^ - R t ? >a Fallon,'TTO1-t'S'^-t
t ? ? # 7 t R t f t Rf^ct? CWT^ ^mT RtâTO W t A ^ ^ f ? t f R tie?? ftR, 1?# ib-8b- vDb^-H; ( A ) ^ W t R "%4t", ' S R t t ? - t
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^ R?^fTO t R t f t RttR TO 2T'- 51 #?c?t 4 R t ? etf iS.oo A 8 e ; ( 8 ) ^[AIRR ' W t f t " ^ t R ? " , RtAttt R ; T O , W t
^?t?t 1 U S ? 1 4 R t ? RTtttC? T . 3 4 {^.)-m 4FTS?5 ttA R t ^ i b ^ i ^.,,A>Ji, i S A , AoS., \58o; (a) ' W t ? g ' R - t 1 ^ t R "?lRRtt",
R I R T R 'Wtf t l R f ? (g. - Q ^ ^ - t f t T O ) tAtR t t 2 ( 1 ^ 4 ^5TO-t ' W R t ' , R C ^ iAS>i ft., 88S.; (b) ^19^ ? t t t "RlR?",
ftcR? I ??CR Afta Rt'A4 'a ^RT?r? W t T O tAm ? F 6 W T ? - t f t ^ - t ^5TO*, RtCAl? i S ^ %, OHo-'o; (H) -esRT? f - l [ R - f t ?
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t R t f t R t t C t ? ??t??tt t r o RTt FT4T? 4 C ? ? Rt I 4T?t lift "^TfRR", TOf^'Wt-t R t t ? , RtCAt^ i : o o A t , A o i ; {>>)
^ R ^ R t C ? f C ^ tRtAt R t t C t ? ??R ftR W f ^ 'Wt?5'R-ATf?T R t t R t f t , - Q R - t A f R t , W t W R t W io8o/iJi.A8
f âTO-t Rt'?i?5, % A A i - 8 o ^ RtRt, % A b - e ) i ?TAt Ab-8-e; ( i o ) f ^ a T O - t Rt'?R5P, R t T . ' W t R ^ ' R Atf^tR ?fTf^
A ^ , C?T:A5 At'a?? i A o S / i ' l l r S . RtCR W t A t 4 C ? ? lil?? R f ? ! ^ R t R t " ^ , ATRtqR i S o e 'sj., R T 1 R C 4 ? f f w t , Aii-8o (4t?T
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? ? R ftR vDb- ? R ? I ^5?t? i A A S / i b - o S . Rte^W t? A t ? ?T'AC4? WtCRtSRt); ( i i ) "Wt?^'R-AlRT " R T ? t " , t t t t A - t ^ T O , W t
? ? R A o ? R ? TO? ftft m^ i R t ^ 4R T ? RT*?!^ tAtR ib-b-i A i ' ^ ; ( i A ) RtRTR ?n??TR W t A T O ' R t ^ ' f ? R ^ ,
Rft t ? l R * f 4R?t t t f t c > a ftC?? ( ^ . " ^ T O t - t 5?tTOr" WtR'aRt-tf^? (ttft?), tfe?t iooH/ib-b-S., i t , A i P , A H 8 - C ;
srr^ ? 1 ' A 4 | ? ^ ) I ? T ? Rtc?Tc 4 F T ^ A t # t (g.) c'lftr?? (io) 'Wtf'a''^-^'^ ' t t A t ' , W t A - t ? T 4 T ' , R C ^ iSÂb-
% ? ftc^t? tR i A o e - S ) / i H S ) 0 - o 8 Rtr^ra TOtTRtRt RAC? RT'A4 ib-A; ( i 8 ) ' W 1 ^ A T ^ TO, ? t ? A - t R ; T O , Wtitt i b - b r i '(.,
RtC?t TOt ?>C?? TO? T O RtR *I<1AH 4 C ? ? I RtAt A ^ , io'b; ( i e ) R t R ? ^ t H C t t f , R t H - t A t f t t t AtAtS, 4?tft
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^gRt?TO ?SC4TA-'9? ??TO ?TAt?T W R ? f 4 R ? l f A C t ? C?t RtTT ' S ^ - t SRttt?t, f ? f t iS.bi bb-A-Hob; ( i H ) ^ t t g = ' ' ^ - %
^ ?5RC?? ?t^'a ft?F5 J5TC ftft s t T ^ ft??T tc?twrc? W t ^ T O , W t A ' " S ^ - t t l f r o , ' W t f t ^ i<eo Hbr t . , A*>*>-tro;
t t ^ ^tAtri? ? % t t C 4 T ? t ? M t t ' a ^ t TO Rt 1 sff^c?? ^ ? T (ib-) t A TOf " T O t " , 'tTO='t-?5'wt?t', ( W T ^ f l T O t?Tft-t

# ? ? wftRtft 4?T RC'^'a RT'?!?', ttfl? 2RCRTC? Csttft A? TOtft? *fC'G|4ft), t 3 J 4 >ljb-H-S.i; (iS.) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ R t ^
? i t I c?t ??c?ttt sft? 1 T O R?ac? wtftc? iAtc^ 2Ttr? W t T O , W R - t AIRt (f?f^ R?. g., 'RTa?5-" ^ "tlf^", 4 4
tR ??CR R ? R l ? R ? t f At?lT ftiSft # ? ? R t t ? 4 C ? ? I tRctC? ^ f?RF); ( A o ) A . Sprenger, Catalogue . . . of

ftft m-^^ (5.)-TO ttWt ft?T*^'R-fR fttft '4FTFT (?)-? the Libraries of the King of Oudh, i, Calcutta
t%Pt ^5t?ttACR? 1 1 f t art?lA TOte?'tR? 4 F ? C ? I C?t?C? 1 8 5 4 , WT?tt4 ^ W^. TOTO-t ''Wt?t', <ifRtARt? iS8vD
tRRtft1?tC4R
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Contents
tH tH
( ^ i ) ^ 1 ^ 5 cmM, s?f-t f m t irsiHftT, .fititn fitei v3 i n tnten a t m let tH 1 ^ 1
is>ii f ; (^^) fgî-mn m, HH?t-t f itfe, t i t S]itei itm'i-tmi ?t tnrf ijHit
I t f i , mtt ii/ii
?Hit Scgi i?f f t ^ i c i I t m f?fici c? 1 1 3 1 mfi tm
i f ( i > l r / i l r l r i , ( ; ( ^ O ) "lif Hill, HWIt'S'l-t'lHltl (<P?liSlf
SnfiHilenitHii citn itnfien m f I t m itit 1
m ^ i t i - t mt#t-t S f s i ^ntttra i f w i i t e s F t f i f i ) ; (^s)
Garcin de Tassy, Histoire de la Litterature s,iffi i H n tnrf item eiT? mi s. f ^ . 1
Hindouie et Hindoustanie2, Pari's 1870, 5. i i - b - i / i M - i S i i t f e tii? Sif?iten S i T m iit,
Ma'ruf, (ê) mjfti m " l t 1 'mtft, itsi, itntfif; n t 1im 11, mt? i n t ^tlfl (Calmucks) vs ftien
tifwti. I t e m is>toto f ,toh.-ibr(lilt sfrt ^toi'siwlw sntff itntiei Sm f n ^ t n , iicii tnrf itemi ^3 Sm
?tltd C I , tittf I t i f m i t T f v s i - m ntiri Stf m t m , mt? i i - f e n leu iiNt? tl-?iettmt? mi S^
îtflcn nt iTsdi fifi fvgim-t i f n - i f l iwfi? fie?tmf. I
fiH i f i t ? mHfi t i ^ ^ftci) I .fit i f ? i??tHm mtu I t i mei .^fftfii mitH
A. S. Bazmee Ansari (E-I.^m W n S f n fii^ fStu 1 f icwci? in i?2tiiZfc?? ifmtei? tfftei
m n Sf|f<t n [<_aL. ,^_aJi,'t?e îH, i i , 8 b r i , ciltei ndt
^llRill^ (f.itltHi) ffi(:;<:yS)?H?tSesiitei] rati? c i t w ceii (^_^)-ci
o ^ ) lUi^Rn n H <f, i f 1 tft c 5 m cit irei Sewi i?r n (t-oL. j j - l i ) - n itgfifie <i;
(<il3)
(Tekes) f^^JCWI (Kunges) iftn m c l l f ^ i fcn a fifinr itei) 1 itm? mien fiit mie^ Hifci .fit ^
m (Tien-shan) tintm S^SItsfscn u f l ^5tc i f "^^Hl if? mftit ' S i f f< I intn iiijskj viseiok I t n i n
Ss.tH I i f ^tH? if%fi mt tH i*(jf:1 "it l f l c i i " , tH i f m -^tit (ifH? Sn .fit ^êit n H ^ ?ft?tci) ci
Yeti-su I t Semirecye I t c i U t men S ^ i o t c l t11 n cititeiten ii ?ft?tei m t f t t '^mt itm I'Ht
s>eo fieitfitt? (boo itti) stitH f^m n i t i i t i m m (Rubruk) i ^ ( h 5 i%ten ?mtei? ?<Hifif
(Balkhash f . ) ^ ^ If ^ t l t c i i cm cm Itn tft n tfi? ^ Itftc? i f i i c i (iftt fii Altin-Imel fiHien
I t t c n i f n s t l ^ 1 c 5 m i f i Sien-iti nt tH i f i i f i ^ i ) Equius I t e i ;fjiH i n fn c i i m itff ' m m
fiHti <t=l*llt4t12|iSrlC3i^ .iWlM^^; îjfîC4 f#tC4? f I C W l m ifien (Recueil des Voyage, etc, 8 1 , ^\ro 1.;
i f vs c 5 m l f l fimti nt tH i f i Sicn itisH fcn F. Schimidt, Uber Rubruses Reise, ? t f n ivva f,
filHltt-Stf? (Slnkiang-Uyghur) m^ftfi men % 8 ^ ) I mitm f i i ^ t c t H C I i n ? H H I C I f ?
i
H f t e i Iteifim H i i t f cî (Hethum) t i t n t f 1
.fltifimnSnf iftiteiimeuWii .ijitm.mt
(j^l_aJIIlanbalekh ^ fmt ^ - L - V - l < H -1.^ - ^ - 1
(jS) n f l mtm H f l ( i > j > i . ) Hfil (cilix) nfii
^ , H j J L> ^ 1 ( i ^ i n H f t tH i f ? fe? i ? f i 5 ) ? H H
g f i ^ I lUiflfim cmrnii f^^ i f ? ifiie SnfeH
I t e n (E. Gretschnelder, Mediaevel Researches,
i f i i i Sumtf 1 H iflt ifH^s i n n^smt i f ^ ^ R
n o e t i ^ iii fficfifitftfl nt t m cm S n f i t etc, i i , itos.) 1 ff? 1 1 3 1 1 mtfe fmt Iflt m . A I H
Itm ffiiten w u iffti cm's?^ itei it i n m r t m c m ? wu ?i?m i m nt i t t m Seal i m c?, i n
tH f f ^5te inf 1 1 1 I t m I t u t 1 1 U ; ei lilt m m cm m mtl iit, nt m s wicitf m m cstf? (>&, î.,
^8^) iwiienfe5.fitif j L ^ , _ y ^ i ^ - n H l m ^
I t i - fm' ( o L i : j ^ Jl) I t n n H S n f emit ^te m
f g f l H at?iH f? Clin I t i f ? (f in/5ittn i i f ) I t i m
m I t t i Swtei tfii ift fifi ftîici i cititim f i i f i
Sfsftfi m i l if? itfteu ffiit? isfnf itei i cf^ fiitHfi vs -ijf I t m m i . f i t w u fiifnt .fit H i m
fen tt (Tang ?tw?ten tfftci, i i ^ste J J I H s i s f i c ^ ^.1 H n f un I H H HCI (A.
f t f I W ) i?2tii tHif? Sesi Itnt m I cit m s f i Pozdnejew^s N. pantusow, in Zapiski Vost. Otd.
^5tc f f m m m stm ?t*aiifcf? n H tH if? n?tffm Arkh. Obshc, i i i , f 1 1 Ht1tfifl^) 1 Ilijskij
I U f i ? t i 5 f i ? t filtfn [Cehavannes, Documents sur Viseiok ^ c att? n 1 H t l f e s Bokanos I t f ? n
les Toukioue (Turcs) occidentaux, C 1 ^ fittntf I H i f ? % wH ?H?tCl, Hft ?it1 i f ^ t c Hft? ^ t H
1903, n, ff.] I fifii tfften Sn si fifc*^? icu 1 1 1 1 1 fi Hm f i ^ ^ t f t e i nt H i i t l . f c i f i f i ^5t?tef 1 i f i
s^ if? Sell it-ait m i^'i-'mni ( ^ J l ^ l j j ) ^tei
irci, .flitei a t t f i i f ? f i i i i a a t t f i t m e ? ?ft?cn f t
n ( L . Berg, in Izviestiya Imp. Russkago Geogr.
(o'iVjv;>-o) 1 .fit i i m f ?iei? ifnrti-iei.iift fiit
Obshe., 8 0 I , es>o) 1 .fit RtH?en cm f c n >a c?n
n t i t (î)-?ici I
t n t f Hiem
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Contents
wiR)? iffo i?l*ft tft list I cmt mtw? wimc >ilRR)j<>^titfife? tfi^fcn (mt fifci? mien ifci itci, ties
^sTPT^ lilt rntra %m [mr ^Si, imt .ÎIIR .fi5f Bt?j) cif5 ?iwc^? ifiiti fn i 8 iifin h i (Cî, i f- H. S.
citf iHce ttH C I , m'f'f^^'fci <L-Li (tgicf fO, Jarret, l f i l 1 t i J 8 J % f. ^vo<\, c ^ s o ) i
i i , 8feto)fi|(:t di^1 ItwSc^lmt ftiilc^ I m i i s fif ^tîiimt^tci? atn mfi fi'ii m m m fiwif"i-
c m c i cm f # f f ^ Hfif m f t I ^ (f. i i v b i / i < \ 8 i , f. Haydarabad b. Haydarabad
i*iT<iifim m m i % i tHrva cif-mnm i f i f ^ State)-n iftftcn ie? tfisâ? iiwtci? ii?en m*tn
mi 11 afrstt . f i l l lis lilt C113I ifft cm tsif m c m Iff? ssnf mil n 1 in? I H I H m îHsi
I C ? l i t I tjtM^îl L. Berg i f I d Slc?1 ficim Ilijskij irf? atufiei lit ifc? f?f^ i?itf itmcitli atfiir
Viseiok ^ c i f i ' f ' f i S l I W CI n i i m im Scsl m l len mi ffi va fm f 5 Him m i v s v o '(. cicH^wen
m i^, % (tvv 1.) I f|i I W cnten m m SitH ?mi i m 1 ifrm ie? i^t
i i t i irfe muf? s t m c i g ^ fiwt (Kuidja) ??en f ? T ^ ie& 1
va f f ^ s t i , Htcifim c n v s c i va if? m i c i m f ^ o cifs mife ^îti t?e? itntit fb?fif tmm ff%c ivao
m tfi 1 ??mg^ i t i e f i c i t m citfc?& m u f i ifr fstei mmmtiei ati^ cmi^'ftite? fiwtm Hit 5te
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S n f i f m I t f i cmtcf utntc? ijif f? mi S i c ? ? 1H1 n I tfi^f? ?im ciHm liê, if? ( i J o i f,
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s f l i f % sm i c v ? ?m Sf^fSt I imm iH n, fif ii>o<t % tmci mmtâf ( m u f )
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fvam 1? ^tc ib-ffva ^^ I W tiir5f3ci itmi c?m urn, itftei s ^ ateim H n t ^ itm i h n [ f. n f
a t c i m ?rwirf Hite? i ? t 1 filtl) I fif p m fH fern it^ itff? cmiH fim 1
m-tntf t f i s f n tfm m t cMfis I i 5 f i I t c i , tH^fm ifm;i iifii (g.) itHft ff f i i t i fnffHc
l i i i t % ^ f i f t i i i t m fi% I f f i -^ffflf I iQfi tmf%? iteii
. ^ f ^ i i i 4 mtf? i i r ? ( i f / i v o i itf? ic?) tftd S ^
5t1lf 8 ( i ) Cambridge history of India, vast,
itfiîtc!? m i a t f i ^ m f t f t e ? i f l t m t isfi 1 fiff? fil^; (^) Imperial Gazetteer of India, i ^ l , i o - c ^ i ;
f i m 'mtlSi-fi I t f f tofeff/i^feto I C I ci^jfif? f l i ? t i 5 g (va)A. C. Layll,Hif. Gazetteer for the Haidarabad
(f. i f v a i t mn)-m f ? ? ^ a t n if?tei tm m m i Assigned Districts, commonly called Berar, c?tmt
mi S f t c i fiiei? m ?tesrr i f i i ?m 1 i i j / i ^ i ^ iti i b - l o f. i 8 8 - : b - , f. ; ( 8 ) Fitzgerald and A. F.
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itmfei m i 1 i t f i t f e i ? (f.) itntiei tft cim a t e i m Gazetteers, Amraotl District, Cltmt i f e i i % , %
?twitf f l l mi i t f i t f e i ? iwe^ i t i v s m iTff i t n (f.) v f l o - i o o U. vg v a f e 8 - 8 o i I
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t m i t f (f.)-cn iimfei fn 1 fiien itmiei tft Mitjff if%i f f i^ lli ^c S\| f S f u ^ 11, H m
a f i i f i e i f s i C I W mtfcn a|iei f l i , fif fgt cntei t& i f m I itffTififtff va 'QTSim ifutm m civam atnm
>a I t i c ? ? f f f i f ^ ^tei f n m tH c?m ateien ?rwitf f^t^3î jdhg-n ICI iiig-n Seii ifnten, (Arabic
Hue? utf f n m ie? 1 i t f i - i t f m i t ^ t irmf text, 1,31-tr, B. Atalay 1. 31.) I
t. f i . ff/vas t m f H^cm
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Contents
fsr ( f ^ d l n t i f f ? The Alp Er Tonga, Barthold,

'BW? tHwT, ippn 'SWa I t t f S f f
mi sl'tilf t mt (f. Serbo- Zwolf Vorlesungen. . ., f l ^ l is>to^ f , ^. \rb-%
Croat banja) ml f?r (T. Translation of al- 1?tf I f . Histoire des Turcs d' Asie Centrale,
Firuzabadls Muhit 5 . al-hlmma,-ed of 1 2 6 8 - 7 2 , tJlHi ihsa %, % tofe-io) I
111. 4 3 5 , TTS, 1, 349-19 Wl) i tt^cif tm^ f?^ciici<) s(ii i????t:i fifi fiic^
Redhoase ttfir Hc'T*! ifnt <t^lcn, w S^ aigm?Barthold iHitcn, tHftCi S^ ?tm?:"ci? Scgl i t f 1
St? fi^lft 1? mrtw tf?<i mt ^tHd m5j ittfsn,mZambaurs}% Manuel ('J. ôto)-'^! f t m *l5*ilc88,i
f ? C W Brousa-?CTcm mm i m t t f i l f % CI, it?tiff 'mtaf f i f i i ?im?.i ?tm fifw mtt' (la
cm i t f n , W ? mf f? I t I Brousa I t f t ? Ceklrge seule grande dynastie musulmane dont la
ifaâ^c^ intftgft ?fgn; i-^flfv*>\aic? atms wt fimmtd genealogie est restee obscure) i imift sfUi
fm mte S^fi(a?et?ttH ? I W 5 f?f I Evliya Celebl I f m ^ i l I Barthold-m IC i^fflti1 ^ 1tt m
CilHsm fm ? C f R (iU 3 9 9 ) , lilt i W 1 * C T IHrsFtH Itm Sft W H f 1 m i O. Prltsak l i H U f i t i m^
?srt f?n fH ficwt citf^ ffff.^ mni mrcii f s f i i mtnftis t H f i i ? m i H m n n t ci f i i a m t i
tHwt f^ mm ?#?tcn i itftfi (1.^-599) vfRHtr?f 3 R cu? mititf i f i l t c n 1 fr? t H f i m c? t H w
?1H tfiwtOT cm Htttt<Hi 1!^^ ?im%( S R C ! ? "iw?? Hfi ^^?fd, fm sfiit^ S m f m S m
mm if^mtin 1 tHtwi mtcifmt, imft mmt msfii f I tf^fii 8 i B f i i f I t i cin Stwrf
m I Turkiye'de meskun yerler kilavuzu, Ankara Sft if)n m t t I Prltsak c? ^tftmti fifit i't?53i- (g.)
1 9 4 6 - 5 0 sttitmHici?if?istmfwm I citf m^ i f i i t m , Sft 1H1 iH?t m f? I i B f m
mtm tfm (E.i.^/csits m5f if^ v s ? m - f f It f-'it?t (T'u-chueh)-cn fiaj ?t^tm
tcPNWt*t ^ î^Ni^t^f 8 ^ ?tw?tf ?tmt iliJCitf fli 118t? 18^ '^.-? t? mmt lllfl', Stf? "3
8 < / i o f itf ^tc H i / i f ft%t stmstf t% fc?mi H i f i i Stwlfaic?? 'Sif Itci cHi c n mt iteitfim ^-
tfmm imf mm ifht tf%i (î^nR#t?t \c?fHci? i t n l^fc^ S^RJtfiltft f ? (Von den Karluk
?t I t vsmfsm-m?) vs f^-ffm (itftif??t ?t fnH?tt) zu den Karachaniden, % ^ H o t.) i cîM ici
s? n 3 c T ?tw^ im I m f i c i t f ^tnmtHm .S^ fitt^ Hicw ^ m m
i I tf^s tcii-m?ttit-mmftê?tct?îf??f m t n t f t Itilf ciilt? icsr iticf H^ f? 1 c? n f ? m i^t
ftf? fSt tn f?tf?^tt (numismatists) s t ? ^ itsffci tn m n m Hur f^ i m , n?gi- i t i t u f
if??icn I itmi S^ ?tmttm ^sHtfic tcn/tfit fn, ftf?cf? ICU m iftw fm mt fHfittti mtfi?ici r
Iftm (Magyar), Uyghur t I t f i ff'tiHi%1 11W c? H^gîfn HHfwi ititimt S-^'Sif?'Jifitj f o m 1H
tHfS] I t f i ctffic t<3?t m I c? tft cmaFcst i t i ^ f i mft fe? fe? n f ? "^?t Sei 1 mr iit? mimt meitSf?
m I tcif-m/ tHf-mi^f f?fif<fi h H 1 t f i m ICU '2^ ftf? i m sMi f l i I i m m fii4?icS<>
nit voi*ii)(sj*tjf<f fn H I tcnAfif m/mtiMm h f i t t i i H i H i t n i H e n 1 c i i i e ? F f (Semlrecye)-? Y
f f t mn ?ims:m ^ f?Ht cjfHstt f?ftttp^^ Stmm? mil Hitmii. i n t m t n^H fifie? mft?
C - l T W f f f t ? mm 1^t1tf?Plt I^. O. Turan, Illg imvadi n m #1 I fm ifcitf i n stm itti-m it^btti i^îfpt
i t i n t i Hittci mt m i t i fitH itii?-m fit?? ^stc.
hakkinda. in TM, <\/v% ( i f e S o - c ^ f), f. isc^-ji.] i il?^!^^
i f i f t v s iSiH?f fTf? sftmfn m fst i n f?cmsii Hewi? tf%Hti i H i H i t n iHei 1 .at ^ i t m i f i
1^ s t l f ^ I nm ( i t ^ f n ic< *itcit'; f i f ettffi f f 1W1 m e n m t i t f i t e n itisfii i m i e n vjiiit
rm tiffif? 1 C 3 ? s^ f i l l s t m cigfif tm f% i c wfti C23ff?Ii1^ I l i i t i l i i m i i c i t totemlstic s i f l i f
'stm', W 1 C < ^. O. Prltsak, Qara, Studie zur ( i f s i ) f f Hwf? H i SttH m i iHei mt t m i
turkischen rechtssymbollk, in Zeki Velidi Togan'a 5jfen n f f i H f i f i i H i f i H (StHi) atf1 i m i
armagaii, t^tfl iS<?o-<? f, f. ^vofe-tovs) S^'iF ?tm?cl? C2fffifi I f i t f I t e n cif ^ i # n Sfr 3 ^ f f
ii^ttf mci? Sttfic U l f ft?ici I imifn tmf SttH t f n f ^ ^ I mewt Hfi fat fgi? f%i%c itfft?
fnt s(t?i ?im?ffBn iti i?f m ??t^ (mt-^mttiajt, mt- mfim "3 tffiiei wtf i h fgitu mw 1
ifH?jT); iii 1IHS mr-t mifim "mifim m"-liit i i m f - i i H u f f m r a H l H l ^t?m Hfiiwji
fiPifet*^ Sttfiit's U l f ^ ITCI I wmt t?ff wTf? cHiieHit 8 < / i o i iei m t u f e n c i t i i t i afên cnit
iftitcu Sftf^ f?tf i?tf? 1CP nwitift? c?tff9 ntcitm ie? I iflt me4? l e n s i t fg-m^fiH m u
tmf fisem
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Contents
Snifr v m i m i m 1 ip:*iT ifliwrn m wRf liHci, f f (ciem^ mf^ i m e i O . Pritsak, Karachanldische

fHfg-m it^'i-fm i i f i s n f ( f . m'ltf, m m , streit fragen. 3 Wer war 'AU Tigin ? 2 1 6 - 2 4 ) - n
tan b-stoi) I tf%m3%r m-mtjstm H ^ I ftit m . f ? ? ^ I l i t n e ? t t i - i f m t m ?tewj? tfmei i f f ttii
v s 8 8 M f f ) t i m atft ' I t i f i - i t f ) i m } f i i m i s t m f f i m i t n i m i m p i t f fimt ^ i t i t i m i ifc?
citm V3 ^ - f f f e t m m t u *tfm iît f i li^'Stfci? w tm ^tm tH t l i 1 ^ I 5iH I t n t m t m f i , f i t ? i
t ^ f # t # i m Item t i m JEtfMfiîi i^sfe/fetoo n t m i f stf i t m ^ - mm? l e r ' S i f ? m e i 8 ^ ( ? / i o v s 8
i n f m Tnrf ( m t n ) f f f Stwtfm t i m stten ci mm f f m 'ji i w ffi n f mewm isttemm iap f l c n i
t m i tn'i-'=ftlti ( V I , vsfeto) f n t m , t f t fisirmif .iit ' m f t f i m f f i ? n f t i t f c i t f S^ im tjstii tim?
s r t s F m irsf I i f i ^ i fici f l i t i m ^ f i f m^^fi S t i - i ^ m m mwift c i f f i i ? ^ iHe n f n f t i
rnitftm i n r i t f m mi 8 < / i o i m e m c i m fiei t ^ i I f f ? - n ijt f citft^ i m 'itng'i-iitvsit â
i f i l f l e n i m n n f t stm m i l i mm iei f f m f l i t cmf? ffii ^2Fei I F C I n'Sf m i t t i f im i m i fftm
m vVfefe^ mei i?f t i m mr i t i t f m mwmf fitm tiewci s t m m c m m i f i e i cmf? ttii im i f c m f m
i f n m i m i Siei^-m t f i i mf i tn OH-H/HHH n ( 8 v s / i o ' 8 i - ^ ) r '
i e i ijEtsmei fitm i f n m ifim m t f mwratiei i m t m l i t n ? ^tc ^ f t m t i t f m mwi itfi n (f.

^gmm itffch? lesf 1^ itim m i mm t i i i H ^ t i O. Pritsak, Karachanldische Streitfragen. 4. Zwel
mms H f ifimei f f f itgrsti ^ t i ^ immif f m t iHim Karachandidlsche Kaganate, '% f f l - v ) i w u
f i m l e n mt i iflfici m?ren fi^tw? tnc^ iHmci itf'fi cific? Si, m f t m f f t i i t i i ^ i t m f i i i m i t f mwroti
m^ m n t c i t i i OHÎ/IOOB mm f m m m a R i i m i êif ^ - m ?iewj it%f n i < i * i i i i f i m i t m âi^ Sm mwmf
mffCH? amrnnaim i t i ^ f^tnti tiHm m n i -it n t i t i i ^ Sm ' S i f ff i f i ft^tf^ C15 t l i I Sii-
i m o % t ifnti3%r itmitf11 '^t<Mtf i f l t m i f ^ i t m t m f s n f itf^s f ? ^ m m m i f n t t i it%i m
ffmei mfim n i m m fgm mpf Sf< "it^m mfip'i- mewi? i f ^ n I citm f i c i Sm mwmf t l i n e i ^ , ic?
f f i f i " -it i m mm stmti n , tii f c n m n f f t e n i r m n T f i f ? if?m i i i ? f i^îtt i t m sttiit itit itfuo
l i f i ^ mr ijtt I t i m , mm itnjf^ f^fsnii f f t m lem ?m-Hm ^ i
itntci i t ^ m I m m n f f itfeti c m Httm f i f i i m t i t f ?tw?tei? f i t i a f i i t i t e i f f f t i t f i i
ftrnf f i i c f i I f i t f t l i , iimitfm^ f f t i t i f m iiff?ie^ n i m i n t steii w? i m i i f t r n i ^ f ? f f g f i ?
i m I imtmfm t i m l - i t m (Confederation) i m ^ l 11 I t m ? ^ f f t n t i afî i m f f t m w i i f ^ ^
milcm ime f e i mft im'ftmci, mme srmti n , iît m I vstftc? f i n ^tc miPTff-1 l i i ? f i ^ mm i o
m mwi m a m i ^ i c i iffi m ^stit n ftfii S i m f i ftwm i f m f m t n f f m SOA/IOSO-S i e i t f i i i aifi
mm rn^fi t l i i J i / i i i i m f ? citm fici mwitifte ?sc? I atmm^fimtnf5^mtfi i m i s m s - f f ifm-
^ f t msa i t m Sig? les i iiem stntt i t f i - f i m m - n steimmiif5-mffT?iiitft (f.)m f i m n f l c n i i t f g m
cftai " I f f ? i t i n i i I I t i t t ? tie^ i f f fifm ie? .ît t i m t f m c*ific?t)f mewi? m n m c w m -mf? [f. o .
i t m if%m m mem s t m m i e n (Aiids) Svs? n i Pritsak, IVIahmed Kasgari kimdir ? in TM. i o i
t i f ? i t m S\| n f^ m ?tcwj? stm m n itftm f f m (ifeei- ''j.). 1- ^ 8 v s - t o ] I l i t ? m t i e i t i U f l i f t n f t
i t f i - f i m m - n m cftai ft?m <3?ei f t m f i m m - n ?tfItfH? c i ^ i i t ^ Sei rm lititeit i f i i t i i
?m? (Hasanids) HHm (f.) ^^tm^fmiQ- f i H i ^t*^ 1 ? m f t m t n
c? m i t ifmff ifnmft? Hf^ m r imtitf mem f m i m ( 8 t o i - f e t o / i o i 8 - e ^tc i i o ^ - v s ) - < i i ? i f c i S ^ i m ,
n t f i i I t i n t icf itmf?ei, mm iiii^tf?iei i?m? fieii i H i e ^ ?lil m t n i??tftm f i <3 le^ttim f i f e s ?
f?m-f?im stt^tfm? fft it? i i i f m f '^ffttii f i c i t n t i n I t f H f i m m s t m maifeig?iei i f ^ s t i t i
mift^ i t i m m m n f ? f i n i t f f m i t w ^ i t m mm I
mititfit nc? fticitf t f i i c i t f ? icm f?R-ti2tm f i n i f t m I t m f 3 5 S m f ^ n f f iff-m it%m fiifva m
fi?icn I m t i t f m i t ^ f n f m i t m f f m i t f n nm t i m (f.) wtf? iitfmm itcmi i m i Sftm c m n
iiit?ii tif^ Sntft it?ei, Heii si^/io^ff mm fH ?teii\| t n ifim mm n i f m S ^ t c i m f t m ^ i
citm iMic? (8iVio^to i m n , mwmf 'S?c<>i-n) m m mwilt? i i i f t e i lifne? tftm i t ^ tie^ ttw?
ifiit ffsp n f ? m t n m?m f i m m - n lesf b i f if?e m?i n I t i f m m m t i f n t e n n f^*f^
n n i m I Sm ia? 'itf tfii mei it?t^ fgei? tt n r n i f f m m t f i m m H f ? i i t f m m sttemi iHe
t n t f tiiem
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Contents
f f t f m f 5 itf=5i imwrn-n mtim fff^/iivsf

m mfTci? i t w i t % f c i Ifwt ^ I tot/iî m f ^:c (hsto/iisi n 1 % atm itnci Htmci ififi flcn i
I t m 'iitsiafi m i t f m m imt:i tim t%f mt m tfit nm fii? citf? mm-Hif%? i f f i f i i f?ti3f?
i t I c^m ^Si, m i t i m ^Si, mmmei mt tim nrnitfiici im^ if?m n mt fimn if^^5ifici iHm
cm m m ifmt i m i m itHc mt i .ft w ? mtus imtf mci 1 ff\5to/ii8i i m ii-m i^fi? f ? i fc^
tli m t m m f s f t f i 'fsmf itnti (Nayman) cmi itfwm rm nmitf itfBf mw fit? crnmrnftf
itntf fpji cm Itici ij4 i m fiit citicnft itcwi fiimc? nt f? I I f f f l imitci itmn ifici fam tti-
f m wmr Itft itgtwj I t n i m I lilt nci t%ti mt imfim m i m i n f?m ic?iwi nmmf fiHei
tim m t m i f n t ^^t: m t i f f i fftmci f f ^ m tm itw f it?ici attfl i m I mil i^t nc?
i t i i t itilt:? cm i m 1 f ^ i m titftm fntfifl fitm aff i m Wsf ^ i f ? cimien fc ift, f?m
^tm fcit m i m ^ i ticgtm ici 'jitisfi mtitf 1f?<tlc?? fn (Jj^)-U:'m frat fit fli [f. O. Pritsak
fit? ffj 17^ (tool/ifio-ii) 1 ifitmr? itfivs f ^ i - n iii-t fam, Isl.; v 5 o i , ( i f e f f f 1.), 'J. bri-feto] I tHHtiif
ifiit?f<F -^tci itfft? f?ti3f? cirft tif<s mr i i i f i 1 1 ^ Sm Itm fimien iHI ifcmfim m w i m i
m I t m ' l i t i s f ? i t i t - ? t w T i c m - i f ^ i s f ? ?tctj? f ? I f f ^ m <?<?S)/iito8 I C I ^ lis imitn i?im i m i
tfmr n f i i f t i t i i cmt t n t f ' ^ t f t t i i fatttic m itfmei ?f ifiei cnmm cmf^ i t i ^ cntn
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m i imtm itmf? l i f i^ti 1 C 1 1 cmst etttc? ?5H itmtf, >sn 1 ^ imm H*i if?m tm f ^ imei
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i r ? f i t f f i t m ltd m ?t?f ? t f S i m itapn-ff^^ mifs ttm f n f m m ' i t ? f i c n t n Simffi?
m m i cut m I tm ffi/iii ici itfi i t ^ n t i ( f . ) immm i m ft ijt?i imfi c l t i c m c l mfmts itci i
I t f i i i f f ( f . ) - n I t i c i l i f t i i f ? ^ f ? i ii itf? c i t f ? atit%fi NS Smfiif mmf?n-it^ iHmm
HCI? fci I t f i f ? ? t - ? mtffm i m V8 H i i t i i t i stm mei i m m f i i cwm t^tci? utH mi ^ m i itmitf
f? ifimc? mit ti?ifci? in: niîi^ ^s^sm ^tm Iten cn itii 'Sim m t n t??iDi fuf itii?Mc-*i?
ift? I tfi t f f c ? nf? f i i m Hit -stc 1^ ijt 2(m sfHii ^ ifiiH mw i t n i f ? e i i itmitf a t f i e i f
w ? ?sm I i?mf wti^wn vs i f o ?jf%m f k i m m w m m w r s f i ? mei fH itmfni-iim itm'Si-fi ffrmi
t i l j f ^fai i t i f ' i - f f i I t f ? (8too-iVio'5i'''-'''o)-ci nm fim -i? im.ft itwm l e u iffrei n f i itim
8toff/ioif- mm i t i ^ i t ^ i ??itf i f ? c f ? I n C I mei Hifst^ tim i m i fH S? citeai? m w f i t f m
i m itm?iim mfii itm Hit itl^^^f^? wm ircm IfH 4 t f i i f i i t f i m I tif ^ o i / i f i o - i i m itit?iie=t

write Sti-ifmtm i t i ^ rnicfi^ mHm i t c mm it^rnHn fiemf i f j f t i - itm il^ l i f H w ? i m n t
f ? I lilt n?t ifntisf? iticitf vs cmm 'Sum'? icm 'Siitici fsit i m I iit?iei ^-itmtm ii?fitf i t m m ?
Sc^wm irmm mm %? 18b-Viob-fe mm f i i i i ' i t f i i i?miet I
( 2 t f ? I t i t c i I t f I t i m tft fii?-n ti?TO ifnrn.iHmm
if?m mfii i f f Siem i f i m i m i t m w i t i ic? itiftm ?tewi Itmitf fi H i i i?ii im icn m?

c i t n e i?im i m i aob/iisi m m nm fim? i t a R m
t n t ^ f m etH i f t f f f f i f3?m ifmmtei 'Sirm'n
Itfitm Htftii^rH fiftna i t i i ? i m i m t m n Sfm^-ci c?sg i%r m i^titei n H f^ itm i ^ m ?
m f mt't i t H ^ i m mmtf i f? fftmi tmt fimim ie51 toob-/ifii-if m i t i e i t f ? nwi fiH itmmm
(8S)i-(?f8/iiof-v5o) f i i i itiwf?-n ttim mt fim citeai? ifimiti f ^ itim ^ f m i mwif^
wtmmfif stfmf itmitf ^^li^^t?c^T? itintcn i m C 5 t f ? I t i c i f f H m I cmn itmm? mwcf? a t u f i e i
tm mw^îti ii)3?tititfi Hi I f U lit i t T i t ^ i t n i i mmm i n i e i it^t itfim

m; e? 2tfie^ ^^tmm imci t i ^ w t m m i t i
t m f t i i e m
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Contents
t ? R f H t t At 4 l A t t t f t t tC^'RsttAtt At 4 l A t t t f t t
2tt R A t ^ ^ ? f M t ^ ?lR?t w t ^ T O t A ^ M ? tte?? M e ^

tAlf-tRRtf 'f\xms IÎA! ^2RR WJ[ ' T O I ^ TO I Wt^[^tft4 8b-b-/ios>(j- Re? c? w1e?tt 4 ? f A ? lAt TOtet? M 4 ?fw
^SRCA AJAA TOW? R t R (parasol)-TO 4 t t f^sm M t f e t f ? w i A r R t 3 i ? f R R i t Re? A?f 19?? t A t t t R - w f r o t r o
M t (Kutadghu billg)-iil ^ t l M At?fte^ i t ^ A l ^ R ^ t ^ t t s t ^ ' ^ t e t ? R t T O t w^2te?et? tf4TO RCA I
TO 'S RtR^'ci--:^^^ RtÂ-iilA RJtA t A C A A T O 'S R T t R t T O t TO ? ? % t ^tttt iAte?? w ? l e ? f ? T O ' s RtftJT4efT?
t t R 4 t t Mirrors for Princes= ' ^ t M f A Rft"-iil Wt?^ ^3R:4 ^ R t M 4f?e? I "wr3 WRJ'S w s e ? ? ??"t" ât
^RfRR R t R 4 t e t ? TOI t R A t M Wfi^f R t M t bPlC^-t I RA?nft ? M t Âtetf? Grenard-iil? R 3 ? I w M ? n ? M ^ i
t r o M e t ttA^'R-^pJ4 M t R Stectt TOltA 1 M ilt-^HMtl M i f t 'îtîit RtTO4l# ( T O t ? Rr4tRf, R ^ . Browne, 'J.
TOI T j ^ l ^ l M t t l t i R T M t TO? ( ^ r o f t TO#A M1A AV, 84), R ? e t f M W5. % o o , (j-A; % Browne, A t , ^<t-b)
RteA M-t RtM RteA wftM), iTOt*?'^s'wt R ? M ^|?Mt C?TO 4f?? TO ^ t 4t??tei? RtAt^ W t R - t tt4l?-iir? 2tt?Rt
TO? TO? R t f t ? t?4e& RT^'WTTO sttRtW? tf% 1[tt? ?se??. I ^4f??rte^, f ? e t ? 1f? ?Rt?i |ktt?4 lARte? TO
A? " S A t ^ftA^^5^Tt?TO'S iil4TO RAtA t?Rit M H I 1ft tA=t tA^tfr? ( 8 ' \ A - A / i o V o - i ) - i i l ? tt?Rt 4 M e i ? I tAr5t
?[tt?t-? ^tft? t p t R A t t TOR I TO C t t f t ? -^tt^tt 'TO^'R- ?tW^?teR ^ t t r o 'WtR'wr4-?tW ^41? At Wtft?''"t-^'Wt?t" 'S
t?iRtR'-iii? #5tt3 A ^ .^Mjt ?JTOT t t r o ?5f?eTO I A ? >tmt<4H-*i<l ?tff 4f? StTO ?t R t M " ^ - ^ * ^ ' M H (Wf?4f
5AtTO 4 4 tt?T t ^ (Steppes) W * e R ? , R ^ ^pt^'^-WtRTO t ! ^ t t R - W % t ? T O '4f?e^ R t e ? ^ ' W f ' S ^
^ t ^ t r o ? 1??^ wtrote?? ?3tt wtsiAt ?5t?us t i t i ^ t / i A t tl?e5â. Rtt. lilR. R t # t # , C a f T O iOO(J-/iJi>(h!s, 'J. 0'\(?-S>b-
t t % f4ti5T4- W t M f t f f R Wt3eR R t t ^ f ^ ^ t t e ? t R R l R 'S Tffvgsn t i A , t?Mrgt-'Wt?t', Rtt. TO. ' W t ^ ^ , CATO
st^te?? CTOJ m ^S^-^ w t I Rl??tR-'it? Rt?t WtATO io'sViJ><?v, % -^^-b, 'wr?'Rt4-Rte^) I
AtRt^ (g.) M C? RtRtfAAIt tft?t tf^ 4C??, ^ f 4 t W 5 l
'S lilt TO At?t ? 5 l ? t t t f t t tAte?? st?R ' j f f M g ? w t ?
'J? t M ^TO wiet t f ^ ? ^ f t'ffR W ^ R s M o Ât? ?tfl?tMH 1 ^-R?ft-Re5?f M t ? attR ^ - t ? R r f
Mf? att? ? T O t ? M I "if^t 2fte?? Wt?M 4t?t RSA ^ RfMi CTOt i A t e ^ I t R ^ M ? ^ t , ' ^ I c? C R M ^
C?, ?sft? sft4-tRRttt ? t f ? f t M t f ^ l f ? T O wt%C?tM '4tRtt1?t WsJSRTO SftTOT 2t?RtC? sffM ^^CM,
(adapt) ?5?t A?f I ^ . Kopruluzade Mehmed Fuad, lAte?? t1??e 5 t R - w f w t T O t?'s tt?RT R?fM ^ M
Turk edebiyatinda Uk mutasawiflar, R<f%'a ?5?rf c^n??Rf9 I Uyghurs, lilAR f 4 M, tf?Rtet ^ ft?e?%f
W5. L . Bouvat in RMM, xliii ( i J j A i %), % AoJi. t . Rf?^f4 sft? ? s l ? t t l f lilt R 4 ^ ete?et TOR M I ^[RM
TO? i^ C R t 4 , Influence du chamanisme turco- f C t t R f W t t ? n t t 'S CttH RC5t tlA? TORtM Wt3R ftRf
mongol sur les ordres mystiques musulmans, R t A M w M t c ? ? c ^ M ? M t ?# ? # ? r r c ^ i s i ^ t e ^ liit
^ J t f R iS.AS> '^.1 I W^3Re4 2tt?tt t t ? RtSfCWJ? ?5?f AtsiCA I liltsHT WfsiAt
^flM At^lcA c?, 4l?ttlft t wtsteA? Resf A:i?t^ f^?rA c?f5le t t t c?, ctttR w f ? ^ 4 M c ? t t t e ? t ? R t R st^te??
tAt TO? l'4eR5lR-WfTOt?tAt?t#tTOTO'SRt^St%4tRtA-i9? t? 4 1 % TO ' R t f ^ ' R - R t - f M - ' S ? t ' R - - ^ " (sffW ^
iii?# Rf^tt# R t M e t tfwt (RRA ( R t wstêî? M A fte?? wf?tl) ,ctt? 'tAt ?se?? I .
^4tRtR R t f f ? Rttte!? s t f ^ ^ t e ^ s j R f M A ? f T O W A S t W R ^ rAt? ^ R t # f ? wff t A ^ t t t R r5;tt^ tte?? c t t M
^^RIA tAte ?5^ RfSjR M t5t wf?fM I e? tAte?? ^gte 8(j-i/io(j-i-iii? t ? ^ t e * sa'vl'io^ RC??TO^44
ct?tt R ^ ?ett ^ t ^ t R t - ^ M I RtRt??JteR? ?ti'R-wtM stfM iil4t^ AtRtttCR? 'Sir^Tp-iil? T # r R (WtRtRt At
'9Rt?t? m^ RtTf?tRt? TOI 'S?r^-4 ( i i l ? # R R M 'S TO-TO valiodatio) lilt ^ t t f ? CTMS tt'S?t TO [g. M . Khadr in
1?e<SF? 4 ? ? RtAt? W ^ f ^ ) - T O 2tMtt t A ^ t f t ? fRt1^ TO J A , {i>'s><b'\ %) O A o , O A 8 g . 4 t ? t t t % f i ? . ^ t t f ? R?l2m
'3?t?s-^?%R*t?tet? C?, R t ^ t R t ? W?7tt4 'S ^ t t R4=ie4t 4tf^ftR TO? tAle?? 2tt t ? % sJtA'^C?? "Nt Mt^'R-'^TOS-
A t R t ^ Rt?-AtRf^ ^ e Ate? I 'SltÂ^? sfMt? ?R? lil? MtRt?tRr? ^ 1 % f ^ 8 o R WATtA, Oriens-iil
SaVl-iobb TO e?t C#AeRt^t4 l M t l ' ^ - I 5 f 4 W?Tt?T Bosworth-iil? WttRtMt, i(?R t (iS.ibA '^.), AA(J--^] I
*ihej4- wfwt R*!:jhiii RtTpt?t f??iet c? ? i ^ 4f??tM 4 t ? t t t f ^ ( # l f ^ WIA'S Cffstf TO C?, ÂtC "WtAft ?<Mft?
tAt? ett? 4 t ? t t t f Atewi C^flfAaifAt I 8 o V i o 8 8 - ( J - Re? t t t f t f P t Uyghurs AtRtRt'S <|J<^ At^tlCA I TO A l M
tA^tfteR? TO AteWI t R R f t ^ R ? ,t?t R A ? TOt tAt? ( g . ) - i i i ? " f - t T f 9 M t - " t " ^ t t M i2tt?R ^41? ?5rtte
?R=t%T1? 2tRtt tt'a?t TO i ^ RAe? ?nt-ft s f T O 4 t t ^ t % 8b^'i,ob'S>-'\o RC? R R t 4 M Âte4 ? t # ? R t R 4 TO-iil?
CRr4we?? w e ? 4 e 4 t tAtef!? 4t?twlA ' t f ^ wtR-^pit?fRe?? Rte? ^SR'f 4e?R I t A t ? ^ ?R? t ? RtA'=JR 4 t * t t t i t ( g . )
wt^tT Mr? ^4f?e R ^ 4?1t?tMtR l t 4 f t R A t ' ^ % R ? tTO f'a?f^'R-^tff'-'54' ' t e ^ ? ^ .RRt 4e?R I ft?
t * ( t l f 1?'Se?st?
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Contents
Sfie cifnto5 bilfiiui-f OT, mift -^^m" m f t t m m a m f i f i i fit? itfRt tftwH:i itnTftci f m i
m:^ f f tif I S i s f f f ? m 3 ^ S f i#75 i t w I i i f s ^ f itti t i i t i
"sftffff ?if^ i r s i H ^ ' i - f w t i ' ' t r i Hosfj c m , i ^ i t c i e c m i t i f f m m ^ i f n Sc^sml? f f t
m t i t f f m c i f i w a m fci? f f i H m n Itot/ifii c i m i l i f i m f f i m i t i f n 11^ l i i f i
(didactic) t l H t j iwtn HIT f ? i ^^ft ^fc^ ^=[1%^ t f t t afHI S f g f t f H m iff itnm? i f f i n , n m iî m s m v s
i c i O T , Iflt t i l w f m - HHri' ^ i t H cmsFcit t m t tii\5ii?s -^t I (?to/ii8i I C I m f i s m t i n s ; m m - n
ITTIfl f n H I mi H f f i Itlff (f. (hSsViitoto) f s H l - t tiist i t f f T C I m m m R , Tftt m f f i i n it^
tff i f Itn I t f i f f m f i i f w n i t f i i5fif 151S11 m i t ffiic? iifwicf m t t i m - w m a i sttiitc it<pa5'*
H f i H H I , ifie HîllTT S f f i f H s i e H i m i m atmt 15C? I m i t % i i ti5tci f l t H i i i t n i C T ? ? % ci?^
i5Hf?n iit<l^t'f ICI SilH' I t f i f m ift tiHOT t^^ ^Cii
8 iîi<ft? itf!ft:yiu5tfnfHi'?rmimisiHit%ii ftft? i f ^ t i m WTH m H t , 'sfi^ i(<l\f^t ûm^
H i H i m i^f^fffii T,i7:ii m ^ - i f ^ H H i p ^ i f f i t ? m i ft?ifl*i n t m s Tfr ?îf f^prca
mtU'etir i f t m mcâ i t f i ^ i f i n ^ f i m Itfifi f l I i f i a|ftR Clft? 1?MC?? wf ^f^ ij^
fsiif I m t H c n r t i i f f i f m i t n f t f i t i i f f f ^ 5 t H H w i t ^ t i n ; ^ ci m f n ifHci C H I tic atf f|f,
aff^sfl cff^te 1ft; ei f f f H n t f t m n p f f f Sfit i ^ ififli? iJtUT i t i H ICI f? I ifitf f c n iRfffvi?
m t i f ^ c n H H Ititt H n t Susftfi ciff^ iH i ^ I t m iliffi?) c m a it<Ii5i t l i H i it? t f f tt^f-
mftror i m m t t f t ? i i f l = i i i i i f m t f i t m f t i m m H ^ m m i m w f i i H f m ! m i t ? iii?frf i t m i i t i f
f i m m t i t f 11 t t i - H m t m atmti i r a i f i c i s f f m ? m I t m n i t f8t^ i isit m S c s w m h i >a imscitft?
m i f ^\(c^5f^ m c i m t tit? iTvsrnm-ifif atf?
tffti i f c i n i t i f f f i f i H m OT, m n f ctm:^ hi? a m affiw? a|l^4t?lcn ^RI H?l1lf 11 aif t l i H i
ifiii?îiif m n t f 11 i f i a t m m f t m i m i isi at11#t i O. Prltsak ^sffl? Die Karachaniden
f i f m i it%r f f t f f s f f f i m f f i f t n -wm csti f # a r m n i t Ril? 4fiift t i H ^ n % 5 (g.), i .tovo-vi
isfm I m i l tftm fpf^, H f f m f f i s [ i t f m m f f w t i ^ t n t i aifcn ftnî? tifti n i i # i m f n ,
HTf i f i ^ i m f i m Hti I n H t ^ OT, f t f 5 l - f f i s S??, v s m , f f , <i?tii^>iti ft wtf? tii^ i&rififi*
H f 1-m m r c i m i l f ^ ciffci h h u f n h h i^H, fiJtifi^5tc n a j m t H t r o ift? i f i i i i tifti i ^ i w t m
(^sn isdti iti3f? f citfcit m f t H mfit% m i t l IC m t i f f H cimi f i f i i wic? f i t ^ s i f i f l i t m H f i m
i#51 f ^ i m m t H m f t m f f i w f i m m f f i s t f t n n t c m ^53? ^ i f i i wit:? 'jiitci i l m liiPtim m t i t
H f c i t i m t i l wtfitTs Iff? Ht ifi m i f n H m n m i tftH m f t f i i c n H i Scgi isHc m t f a t i ^ i^c? i m r
m m i s i t i 5 i H i ^ ^ ^ Itfen fi^jf'i-'^fîifs-iiii 3 5 ^ , "S^f, i t i f f , H ? f t f , m i f f - ? i w i s [ c i n , tiwt-
m i d isfii -m5-i H t i m f f i m t m m r i t i ^ n f - l - f ! ^ , m t i m f , H i T f , T^'srof, t i f ' i - H f t i stf 1
S w i ( H l f t f l l ^ n , 1^. R. Fiye, The histoiy of ) i t m Sft ? i f ? icsf S c s i f n t m I f 5 i I t f i fifw?,
Bukhara, Cambridge Mass. ifeffS 1., ^s>, iff) H f f i H i i t f , i i i - i i f f ' i - i n m ' r f at^t c i m ?
cnmi^f%? tisf^ 1^11? c n t i c f i isci i fils(i?f c l i H i f f f c n f f t i - i c itcmsit imt ^tfitf i
i m t i t f HstTsti I t m i Hilff? mr i f n i i s f i H f n , i f n f t i w i f , m i f t "if^f H t i ^ ii1tfficv3 HTin
Itm m i m t t I n m ^ c?fu fgti I R ^ 1 ? a f n f imt ftilc^ I iflt nifi icHifitffc!? ICH ti^Hti'Sfifi
CIH c n I m;^v3 tti-it^HH? t i i f n fgtitniici at^ti S t s l c H U 8 (i) F. Sachau, Zur Geschichte und
4it (M/i5*f f c m c n v3 ^t/ifi f c m atiHtci Chronologic von Kwarazm, in SBAk. Wien, 181.
f "mntHH 'ifTfiHt fif^, t i f t ti^ftimTt n t nrf (ibrio f ) , voiS-voo; (^) Sir H. Howorfh, The northern
aiufi tli I ci litt f n f t i s t i i n t f f i t m f i m f i f t frontiers of China, fef. The Muhammadan Turks
I t m flî n t i^ w ^ m u 'ftt i t t t ^ t i f f i tli i of Turkestan from the tenth to the thirteenth
t n t f i tîT5 i r m St%fi JtinîiH? vsHf1 l f l 1^ century. In JRAS (iVav 8toi-ffof; (vo)F. Grenard,
a f f i m f l CI, f i l m m t f fsiJiR t i ? f t m i c i s i La legende de Satok Boghra Khan et I'hlstolre,
t n f t i f"miffiHf 11^%5m f i f [f. Cahen, in JA (iSstol in JA, Ser. 9. xv (iSsoo %), (?-iS; (8) Barthold,
1.), I. voofe-io n t H f m f - l l f C i n , HJ. Frye, ob] i Turkestan; (ff) i^ c i n , Zwolf Vorlesungen uber
m I t f m f f f m S n r t f i cni'iC'im i c f t i w c n c i die Geschichte der Turken Mittelaslens, repr.
if^ m f i c i v s tti-^fîi'fi m i m m i f ^ ^ Hildeshelm ifeto^ %, i H f lit. Histoire des Turcs
t n t f tiicm
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Contents
d'Asle Centrale, t J l H i ih8<t (b) ^ c m , A Cauchemar itei mtif Siiiti i f%H ttc?# mit'a
short history of Turkestan and History of the f^? Ificn I fff? t i ^ t f ^ tfl? iHitm Si? ieim?ci
Semlrechye, In Four studies on the history of I f f I lilt iHitcn ic*u f f C i i f f t ? m f i f f itit tff?
Central Asia, i f , i l t c w ih(tb ( l ) R . Vasmer, f t itnf f ? ( i b - ( f o - i S i \ s ^ f ) , f?H flcii 4 1 ^ 1 iffif ?sH,
Zur Munzkunde der Qarahanlden, in MSOS As. f ? m m Sfii i e i ? ftc?i #?m i c n ijfnit
vsvsl. (ifevso f . ) b r \ o - i o 8 ; ( b r ) O. Prltsak, 15flft I
Karachanidische Streitfragen, 1-4, in Oriens, Hi
wtmi f i t mt? f e ? t i i i ifntficn m ' f f ?
( i i ( 2 - o % ) , f o f e - f b r ; (J) 1^ c m . Von den Karluk zu
fitfle?eiH v3 fimi i t f ^ t f f t i m ^ i t i t ^ f f t ? f i ?
den Karachaniden, in ZDMG, ci ( i f e J i f ) , f l o - v s o o ;
i f f f 8tmi ifnten (fie^ cwfi) i fH nwi ftitfii ^
( i o ) c m . Die Karachaniden in Isl., i 1., (ih$o-
mfiesm c m f s T r t ? wu isr ne?? leiit ^^tm? i t t i
8 ) , i l ' b b - f f tt^ in lA Ast. "ICarahanlilar"; ( i i ) A.
Z. V. Togan, Zentral-aslatlsche Turkische
imt mti ifien i fH len itifiiai vs itifife m t i
Literaturen. II Die Islamlsche Zeit, in Handbuch
?ffi?ten (citofi? cm cmft? fH iftim flcn), tim
der Orientalistik Abt. 1, Bd. 5.1 Turkologie,i!tcn, iHif t f i t i , Iff, t c i f , teif^fii, tfif??jf-t 'ffic*ij
ife'Jjvo %, f ^ f e - v s ; ( i ^ ) A. Caferoglu. La litterature
ciwfltf, C i ? e m 5 - t f f i , f i ^ , Le Courrler d'orient
turque de I'poque des Karakhanides, in . Le Jeune Turc. i ^ e f C i Stifi i i f f mil?
Fundamenta philologiae turclcae, ^1., Wiesbaden itifiiarstie fH m iemt^s c i f t n i Hfiiten, Sftm
ii.i!8 1., f > ! v ^ < f ; ( i ) G. E. Bosworth, The Islamic I C U len i?H i f e o f e itei? io i^ffifi-n tiegten m f
Dynasties, a chronological nad genealogical n m ims f i j ^ wtiti^ i l t i i f f itiei citieitf (Gelibolu)-n
c m , Cambridge histo y of Iran, <f^., c?#sf i f e ^ i r sjf^titi^ i m n t i u i wtf? ifnei "stfnt? tilfttS
1.; ( i ( f ) Emel Esln, Tu k san'at tarihinde kara- îtflcn I mtl itapts ?jtife? fft? ?jtn i f ? m n t
hanli devrinin mevldl, in VI, Turk tarih mw v3 itmm S? f f l ? ft fft? iHHH fmei it^m
kongresinin ildirileri, I H I W i f e ' b l 1., i o o - o ; (ib) fi wtfgmif m t m ims mH* Siei#f? iHi
M. Khadr and CI. Cahen, Deux actes de waqf iHitfli I HH nwi 1% n i t ^ f t i t f c m flcn n t
d'un Qarahanide d' Asie Centrale, in JA (ihb<^ fft? tim f t ?fiffn t Sm fH, i^ m t m i e i ?
f.), Oo<t-o8 I Strom cma ifit i t i t f m i f f i ? i ^ tstfcn M i i
C. E. Bosworth (E.I. ^ / f ^ t n t m 'tciH'-c mtnmfai i f n ' s Sm w m liuiftm
^j:^ WRM ^ ( ^ j ^ JiL^ ^^1) S 1 f # 1 f f ti?i:i tm f f n t e i f f J i t n t tm ff^ c? m f ? - i ^
mnf w w i i ^ teif? ifi?swi f f if^R<fMif c m ,
i1e^ iHiffliitsfi itmiea f f fii fH iH?lfli i
m t m i c n i s n i f f n f i , fien if??t itiraif itfm
's f5i I f f tm i?itm tit^ itikn muei fffe?
ffl I3t1lt:'n% (Gallipoli) T S f H a t f t i m i tfm fiT
tciHci itapii iHitflm I fitiw I f f i m <fiiwi i t n
c ^ i ^ H f n w f f s m ^ f t c i i T#tc6? i f ? ? t f I ffi f?t%^
m.f, ifm I t i C I m 2fffiH w t f mmm arm
2twcf i s i ? H i t R 1 i f S J f l c n m i f e o b - 1 . ficHc'B*) m i
i m n t m wu i f f i F ^titfli i<ici? Tfim m ^
n n i c n I f f t ? I M HuRw? 'iiiRf H f i i f (Hcit n f jiff,
fsmfn, Hfi wfiti " " i f ? ifiei llt?t 1Hei i t a i m i i m i
i b r 8 - i f e o b r i . ) - n i n f l m I * i i f ? f i ftf f ? ' m ^ l -
[uqt I W r<c<N fimt? f???i's i?iSf itmf? wu om
ftftaf? i f c i n n i 5 f ? v3 S f ? H m i H H i f > 8 i t i T i f ?
itmi3ttciH, filific?j-t tiêu ^îfHcir 's cm-
I t n t f ? nftiT 2fH^ ir?i? ?T?Hm I tft? n it f ? f f
^ t c i H n s R iitwt1li c m ' s i f i i f H i H m m i u C5fSt11, ^ ^5tc mi^ i 8 o (1Tfil)/i}i.f8] I W f l l i ^
n lt c n t i f l c n ? f n fKai? ij^r fkaj? f&aji? ittitfii it f ^ ^ i m til tcifc (i ^^mt, ife^8
(Painter & Cartoonist) i f) nH i c f e sii?iKf*i<' atw n t i i m i t i f wtm ^
fH 1tltin?T? f f (Galatasaray lycee) 'S t f t | l fiew mm n ê S^ itnt? *i tien fieii Sne^

t ? f H m c ? f i m i i i m i c i t i t n fH i t t i i t i s i ? m Hfiei nt t i n iiilt?f ^fiei i fH ^ ien, i s > b -
i m I w i m ^ i ? i f m m - m w s t i # t i f n t H c n c?, t f t i d titnti i m 1
c i t m t ? fH i c ? i H i i s t i H i m I . a t s f i ? ic?i f l i wtm ^ m HiH i c ^ n t mnmwr? nen ?5f?m,
^5im 'iT?f1-^Tfn? i t n t i e i t m i m f n i m citsH ^ê Hi i t U i angme? ifjft ^ ? t e i i i s > o b - f
t m f f i s e m
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Contents
mff HiH. stm i m f f i f , tiHitf immif, ^ va ^mtfH ficwm mf itiei m m i H h c i i tmei

tftm cmHi s f H ff m;tm f m i t i H i t H H (?teit^ Hen ifim fiHi mtci n H itm steitwi i f#ti ticn
^lti ICU f m Hw^ flHc iKtti iHnm iHHitfi i^mt t m I t H f f Q H Sf5 nt tft tit^ fifii wtfi
Hut c m m i H H H ^ itiTHi, mttiHi, wffimHf ificfi iitfti?? fnt H ^ f i i frfi itmf
1 ^ mT i m H h i Him Hm tHmit iHci m sii^ Hitei i % t f i Hi|i I t H f fcn ic^ maptitn i r ^
m wTfimTf, Sst trmr#tcftm t i m t ^ n Hic^ ijmei i f m ifiH cmHva m m s m i t i fif ît
imtci stHm isHci (f. cmtft , wtâm, ?p;im f H i , stmm iTm I t e i s Htn i T m ^ stf ijm i f f w ?
m tnTHwi, fm) I wrirftm 1 stnH ifi i h stcirwi, fif fiewm fifii
H H Hew lijiwi w t ^ I t m i Hm I H f c H S f H H f f ijfei itmm Huei steitwii S ^ iHm itmi
f i w HsTfi H m I t , foHtHH^ H H T i m f m uû iH steitm I (tH Gokaip-n mtf mt'ijm''fHi'
V8 i H m t f m iHiTti ciHe sti^nFci s^srtH < t ? l c i I C H ' j i f i ^ e n f?iti <m) I
Hn-Hcmn Sm HHt h c h (iit>ov-5, i.) i Hfi wtm ff? ifimti ?m-mir? imtei^t Tfr?
Hmrêf? Sti tm mti litctm ScgUHH HmfsH m?lfiti, H H tH vg gtlH' (Union and progress)
Hnt s ifitt? i f e i i f Heirfim lenei cii iHifffm i (tHe
ntiTtîâ H n s 'fitcTOici'2??tHitHHoistc?iTwi f f ^?cifii ff? Sn f m imi^ isfg; ?ff?tei) nt
t f t t Hi f m m n mji stm Hmf i H H ici i H m tm ifB^ "ffrnstewj?im tHftf-iî Hvam Htc?
cm liiiH cim n t i m u i ^ H f i H 4 îRHmt, -Mii!, (tie^ C 1 1 1 ) I
JiHgrm, m f i f i m H i t m t i H i fcn h H h
Hcimr H I T i f i m iij i HiH mm h i i w , w T m f m stm ?m?f ^Cei s ( i ) ivs^l H. Senesinde
mrti cicwcf nt stHn, uiftiHw, Hm m u , m H , Setanikde mun'ookid Ittihad ve terakki
ciHiHi liititi titH i t ^ m?n mti cirm? ^^t Kongresine takdim olunan mukktiradir, t^tfl
h H h s H ' 1 1 1 m:? H c i t c ^ t f t H i c i t n i Tm mT ivscî/ifeii; (^) c i f cmT-t mtftmi i f m-t fci
mtisH i i H H o f i n , nt m m fiîm f# ivsc^Vifeii; () fmtfmr-t mffiem, t m i ivsvso/ifeis;
n m iHimn ilf mH h H h itcfn m sieHm i ( 8 ) fimi irfHitf, titii ivsvso/ifeis; (a) m f 1-t
H f f % S f f mew mm iTitHii mtrnm mTi tHHHt^-t 'SiitfieH, tftfi ivsvso/ifeis; (b) m?ttw-t
stm m i Hi Itftm rnirmm m u 1 1 1 t i m titi^ if^Hciifii, tftfi ii/ifei<2-; ( 1 ) tf^ti-t tim, tftfi
f Q H StS nt Hftenei i m ttmei m m mr Sfs n 1 ivsi/ifei(?; (br).Kadinlarimiz, t ^ l iooi/ihH ; (fe)
t i m , i m - i m - w H i m m t m m?[Rfmi steitwi f f ? fîeieif, t^tfi ivai/is>ia-; ( i o ) mfi-t
nt tH ^5tci t m m stf ^Hf is[5rtf 1 H f t Hitm tffnm, tftii ivsvsi-Vifei"?-^, tea; ( i i ) m f i-t
nite? i m s imf m t m m Hmifm i m n im mittpTt 'SiHtiem*, tUfi ivai/ifei(? ; ( i ^ ) ittfi-
îTei I <fit tiiei wtmi ffti miT leien me^ " i H ittnt', ^tfi ivsvsVifei^; ( i ) titi-t miitfi-c?j(i?,
stltfl" itiH I C I ft^lCl I t^Stfi ivovsîfeivb; ( i 8 ) Musulmanlara, Turklere
^ f i t f f f itftewji i m m mii^g f f itgtcwH hakaret, dushmanlara ri'ayet, tftlf ivavsVifei^;
n i m m stm stm m i t t i t e i m f i c i , ifg n f i (i(?) tf%ft1-t tnti vaHltimit, ivava/iîq ; (i^b) Kara
mHm C?teif (Renaissance) ^8 "s^n f H H atfCl f f m tehlike, tfffi ivs8/ifeibr; (ii) Harbden Sonra
cm I t i fll HI Turkleri yukseltelim, tftfi i f e i i f, ( i V ) Ishtirak
ifHiT mm T t m s "m^f ifitm f f im i f f i etmedigimiz harekat, tftfl i f e i i %; (ife) Rum ve
H ^ m cmn m m Sn 1t% fim n H itmf ifmT Bizans, tftFf i 5 i l %; (ô) Turkcemiz, tftlf i f e i i
steHwi I H H ^Si, i f 3 1 % tH ^ t itHtt, wnri ^fti % (î) CWtiHHH-t-mff, -spTI-t ? i 1 , tftfl ifeilr 1.;
mm w i f i I t t e ? f im uifBi m f nrsH cm (c^c^) Tadj giyen millet, tfifl ife/ife^vs; (c^vs) f f
mmfii steHwfi citiin f f mm mif-itif t^jfimff, tft^r ife^^ % I
SitHiti mmtii mtft itnt tH iei ifiei, fs fit1i#f S ( i ) fm? I t m i , Ta'rikh-i istikbal
mfe stwrmfli mei nfmen n f i m time^ f m munasebetiyle Djelal Nuri Bey, tft|1 ivsi/ifeiv5;
stmiT f^ cim 1 (^) Peyami Safa, Turk inkelabina bakislar, tftfl
tnten i t m s tnti ^ t m a stifi iei stt%w^ ifevsir 1-, U- ; (^) T. Z. Tunaya, Turkiye'de siyasi
n 1 fif tmei atmnmei liirtirr i H < t ? l c i nt cftm partner,tmF'i^<f^ %, ^- i'J^l-ir; ( 8 ) cm, Garpc'ilik
t m f ti^cm
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Contents
tats A1 tats
cereyani, Istambul Hukuk Fakultesi Mecmuasi- R f p t J ? 4t?Ct, AC? ?s?t A S , tAt R?5R4 ftPTO RIA ^ R % r
C5 i 8 t ( i i j c s ((t) H. Z. Ulken, Turkiye'de, liR? l i l ^ ?if Wt5?t TO Iftf??^^ltC4tt.^^C Cîf^ ?t?fit^-iil
cagdas dusunce tarihi, c<piR?tl (tl^1.) ii>>b'lj t9lRtRC<i? TOfC<i? RIA ^ f f S , C ? A R TOfR RlRlA 5}At TO
^(t'^-IA; (h) S. N. Ozerdim, Celal Nuri lleri ve TO? 4 - t t ^ - T O Afsp; atACt? t ^ A t R îlt C?, tAfA
dilimlz, Diloilere saygi-i9, WW?t iSi'b'i} '5., AS)-8i 1 ^5R%! AtAtC TO'Oi'SAt AS I
Gunay Alpay (E.I. ^ A ft. TO. WlA^^ fSrat tAt5 fAAvftc t s f t f ^ S t C ^ ^WftC?? TOT t^S'jRS
( U c ) s w < CA?, A. ?. t T O f %rl I l i t ft?e^ WtCRff^ (TOIR) lft?f&TO (?Tsrt?) Rt*)TCA aft^ ?TttTtRl?A?
t ^ ' TO(1R ?J?TO Ate? I RA?C? ff^ A? t R f R WtRtft?Tt-RtWtR?Tt I 1?Ait tsTsI^
(i) Aimt (ftRtfRATt) R?i^r5IC C?n? R 4 A ^ ftFAffCff? R i f t I t^f C^t
tWt-'iR TOtti^ Won3 TO? stiff? 2t?îRêA<3 f ^ ft ? ilt IsiRtfRft ft ? n C R ? , Rt ?TO ?ncR?
tro êgt = W ?>?t TO I fif^te^ 'WlAÊflA t A ? wift t'Âf^ Wt?t tAf ft ft?r2. ? ^ R^ft? ? 'il?# R ? 5 R 4 tÎRtfTR? Rft
C^. i i l / ' l < J - ) - C ^ 1Jl4^Cet? 2t?^ I A W W f t ^ TO AftAt RiTftT siR't?? TOT TO? l i l ^ tÎRtfR 1?#C?? CA? ft, AtAlA
t A ? RtWtst WlR-^lRt% rTO ^Rt^.AJTO, "ftft ftttiR? ê?tt ^ (Complement) ?5t'tR-'iIA WCIf WtCR (AAf Rl?T?t AITO?
?^?j*t ttM? 4f??tei? lil?? 'tai'o-'ii? ?jftjt sfTO 4f??tci?" 'WtA?^ {jj^^ \s^j V J - - ^ ) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ (Wt^R) sTff?
^|RTO tAt Atct^ lil^fS ffit? f r ? ? ( ^ ' ) t k S RfAtAt
(WtR-t^-^, t??t', A t , io(t) I tA C4t? ? 3 t 4 ? l f t ? trot
'WTW? ?t?TO I l i t tl'it? fC?? t^!?ftft At C T O f??tf5 ?s?t
R t r 'ji4'oiw wtTîiwi TO? ? t , wt^-?lwt#?
A? ? iilt?if Rtftl^RAs Wf?Tf? TOT C4f^ ^RtAAt l i t tîfC4
twTI'R-'^mA' ^ tRllR*?-?1A? (?5l?t?f ivsib-/i;<t;)-iii? t)3?
TO1? TO ? %? t t R fttt (At?' WtRR l i t ^ SWC??) ft
iRciîH (vbs-vb), tA=T twft TOrttw? TO^ft i f A Z ^ , it.
tAtTAftT ? t r o ^ C?fTO4, ^ t iit?it ?Rt RS? R ? 8
(?n?e?t i O H i / i ; ( t A ) , 8 V - ; ( J - , i88-'JjO, i1vO-Vo, iV>S-8;'TOT-
tAf 4 T t ^ RtATO 1 C? C?s? l i t t?C??fst WRt?T 4f??T l i t
^ 5 ^ , ft^f^R-t^'Ri^lA -ft tlA ^ f t ? - ? t A A (4T?t?t i v s i o
?iftS 'tAtC?ttT A? S tgT WtRtTOt At^TO, " ? t 4 ? C1TO R^t?^
ft.)-? 8 < tRti*i(;ii WtR-tat ( ' } . (?8-5-'Jj); ^lAt? t?# ^^C
Wt??t etlRc ftft, Wt^-RfptW ' lAt? %^TTO 2tt?l%4 ft:^ lit?? ?" tTtft tTTft 1 iit?it R?5R 2 t C ^ ^ ^ ? R ^ AtcCA
WtR-^Rl?? Wt?-f?t?tft WtR-WtftR (^t'At, A'b) 'tiAt? tRfR WtRtfTOTt- RtWlR?Tt I 'Wta? ?TtTOtf?Rtt tRfR ^
%tlflR WtJtR fitAt 4RAICAM t !Af?A TOT'tAf TOft
ftAi^'R--lTO-?|'wt ?rsr4 ^ lilt mcsi îwibHi 4ft?tr^
? i < ftR RT, ???, tAfA RTAtCS! ^TOJAt ft?sRt-? R W RtC g #
(tr^., g. Brockelmanns. S I, 514) I
ftCR? I t 5 j >ilA? ^ 21^ RtAt "WlAft f?TC4 ^5ft?T^ 4 C ? ( ^ .
W t A - A t ' S B i f f t (^. 'S'\/S)8V-i>) ^ 1t3A f f t P S M tRt^*A-
t^'^-Rt??tW) I
AtAA'-iil tAtW? fM (H1H<tl^t) Wff?Ajf ?? (Rt?Rl
^fti?t) fATO? ?'lRt ?5f??t. t A t W A W ft?t^ C3% ftw tA5'R-Rl??tW (\ vSiV5A5) ^ G j f ? tIMtRt 2ttti
? # ? r t r ^ , ^ f ^ l T O T t , wtgtt%?Tt ?twtf??Tt 1 sttwt^'sft TO? (tAf1TO', e V ) 8 (^) liltsfR AtcCA ?TT4?tft?C??
'wt??'n:t? i?t (m^) RIA R ? ! ^ i t^J tTO W T O ? tM <[f?TO ''StTslft lRt Rtc TO TO, Att R?5R ?tt'tR
RS? 4C? TO? tAf tTOftwTOt^RîTA?WS'las I liltotC? Atc^CA Rt?^' mx R 4 R RT^*^ AtcC^ Rf=RA [tAt AtC^CA
?Rt TO 4 T 5 t t ?1?^ ( x . J, cl_) A1AR % 5 l t ? n f t 5 T , lilttC? AtAW W1R-Atwr#t? attR Cjgf 1; (t) C?tft 'tlT t?it ("CAp
Att^tCA At^F*^ ( ^ 4 f 4 t ? ) 1 lilttC? ?ft AS, AlAR CTO CA^") 1 ^TO?tA?it '^Ft'tR C T O RI?^' J^Â iilA? RT^p'^-t At
C T O Rt?^? Ate? ? 'WT?I?tCt? ?Tr?f '^t?' TOt ft??t^ R f ^
^m ? tAfA ^ Atc^CA (lit?? t A t Atc^CA l i t CWm
^ t R f t R S ? ? ? I WIA?T C4?RtAlCl?2tff^(^Rf1R!3A)
tWt) ? s t 5 t CR Atc^CA " ^ t R WJffs, 1^fC<i? tAt ?5f
^^C C?t <^ WtAAt 4f?C ttft 1 tAf^ Rt*lTCAt TOTlRt tTO
(agent) 1 f s R r t f ^ ^lAtW srsftA TO TO?, Afsp' C?? 1 ?ft
T g ^ l T O l i t l?ttT? ^f8t Si^m tlTt, tat^ titWtR-Rt^tt#?
?Rt A?, t^ ?1?TO 4 l ' t ^ (^LJi lijj "At?R%5ltAt
Wt? ^ G3%I 1
WtC5" l i t CTOI CTO AIAR Ate? ?tRl? ?slt5? 'StC? ?t^'?
tAt? ^ Atc^CA S t^-iil? tAf (ta[f) tro TOTAfts tAA 1wft ('^. S ) V i o o A ) ?Tt4?Ct t ^ - i i l ? _TOttftc?5
fC?? 1?CI?JC4 AtRl? < 3TOt?(ftct?)-C4?I^ CfT? I iitTOt?tC?? Wta-Q tSt?tC? s t f f ^ TOT? C ^ ?5T;?R ( t t R l t R - ' ^
ACAt tSl^-iilA ?ItUt slR^lCA I ? t R t R ^ ) I attR ftft tAJJR'R-RtÂtCW? tlT T?ftC4
%t l4?lfTOTt-ftTOt ( W ^ ' f S t ) - ^ ^ f ? ftift 4f??t ^ t C A t t r ?lR?t AC? TO? Rt ( i t , i 1 - 8 ) I tAt CTOR lil??!^
sm ?TttTt? Rft R?f*|t I t^ AtARtR ?nt5?-TO CTO! t^ ?t^ST?fft iil???1^?t? R f t s tAl? R t ^ R t I 4t?t tAf tft-:'iIA
?TttIt -Q t f t f w a ^ e t R5,M I "RTRR C A ^ f ^ R?Rft A? ?t
C 4 ? ftet'^jftsc-* R t R t ? c?? ? '^tat (tat ft-Rttroit) tAt ^fl^ft
(Rf^lRt)" ( i t . iH8, e ) 1 tAf 2rfftttC?t t??lTO 1 l i t
R?M fettfC^ R ^ ( J . _ L I L , <L_u^l ^ j j ^ l j>) I lit
t.ft. e/oe t?Rltt ft'^c^r?
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Contents
^18
amHt tfm 2|r?rm m tff twft liit ^fef vs m[fn fmHitt tm tnt fmmnr mn m, nt fmmnt
??fiti mtw fsm-mim ifmrtm i fH mtHwfn mn mjfl n^tif:n icm mttiff Hcmfmm nt Hf^
tffufll^RÎIW (it, i-bS); mi-%ff M-^flt, "ItHm? N M ttrtfn imc^" i
" m mi-%Tf"i-fSFfvsHm, "m?if ifct imammf mm ^ M , a f ^ T T E M , T N ^ IFI-'T^'i-"!sHfm M
cf$" I smntnft ?m M , ^Tff (j)-w ftnts (^)-c tfnn F ^ H F^TITC cetf ?#?ttcn. ? Hsic^ ir^tff ^ TT^m-ITNIW
mm nfnfi muw Sf%-m ( c j j j)> Sf Hm ( o J i ) [cm? afti cafe mm fttftmcn M M ( F . it, ib8, wi \-(t) i
^ lijft HHt m H? ml I t m S^ (ojH^J) ctmspwrn arstf? tiff T I T mfi M M n FH ^ T
4j_î "cpftmmjf" tff 2tftw cm liift mmt i iît afti cgfft? A T H fmw F M mfntcn i Smuntt
tHmn mtt^tt^mw itHft? mf; mm tff? mmH ?Httcf C I T T M , FH A F T ? I T tifi?5fi " M F M ^ tfntt" (tHttei
(ff. Hcm^ wm m?)' 1 m m mHt tfcm m^-%ff "i-fHm if5)-iii? i iiH M ? M ? 5 f ? ? T C N i ifnf fH tifi?5n-iii?
tft H *tms^H'Ttct? mws itm mtrnmaHitct? mt^ mtrci ?JT?5?TF?ncn ^f%m^ ?mm fnt ? n ? T F ? M titi
cgf? ipit ? fm m : (it, 8b-, i8<2-) tff HfrtH? fim? mtiHcn. tifi-.n icm ttfii A T I I ? ?#?fcn (Stc? it,
sftcm^SPH? i m R<tT5\s? cif??, T?mfH ^^tc mmmc '*t G 3 ^ ?8b-, 131.8) I LILT tiff?^ <tcCI liift ' T M - I T W I F ? ? T f I
(it, (to, 1 5 I tfm tnt ?jt?5?tHitt if^H? ( i t i - H M ? ) afftc^ S N Sflfi C W I F I I F ^3iHi> "^Hi, F I M I > F M
St? 's?^ m? mn ms i i * R H ? i f ^ vs îH^ TFpwtri imr
( 1 - ' ^ ^ 'TIT ffwm)M-'TITF'-m'ffiTm
im m?i 1 lilt m?w imm mr ifcwt StiH mm m itfnni^ S?>%, T^H>^, ( " C M T " ? ) T T F F N fmt am
it?tci: Ittm imH 'tm mt? N ^ T ? tH ?n ?n ?5c? I T F ? F tfntcn itmcm M T T R T A T M mm tifi?n
mm St? Hn mHm m atm (H-Sf ti'f-it^mi) ?m S\^ n mm -^tc F ? M cwm mftf^ I T N C N A T F N M i
liin I T M E N ^ F ? H ? i T F M n imt sntm
ttC?5 (im^S S. it, 8b-, 1 3 ! -b-i;^; <2-i, 13J iV<2-) I HH
^
tffie ttH CT, T N FWFT tmf T M ntH ^ I M atmf?
itf-'tmf'1-fHrm (it, b-b-, i^8)-iii? icm Hnt ttfm it?mmt c?mi ATjtm fntei (g.. it, iiis, ^ ii f.),
mHitcn S (?s) c? iw 'tm itHm? nt mm 'iittmf i f n iie?T T M I H M fn M M T N E N ?tim iffms;
fcmt mt, ItHi (î)-c?5 vsm^(j)-'ii tH?cn mmci f i j ? M F N S H tfnim Itfte mititcn I T E I T E I n^H
iiH? (,_,ji ,^-ii?t^4rf)-n ^ G M ' ^ f^m?H? ntjt atiti Itm ^te? M M tmfIMI-n mm
( w j ^ j - ^ ) ; tft tms^Hiten ?mf T M ? iH îf? i t?ttf^ M M mtrci itm M i n C?n tîfe m m
(t) c? I W tirt tHm mt M , Hf cit cwt m?M?#w R M ie 1 i ? F ? tm W M T E T T T F I ? i C? iw Sitnt
Itntf? ^ tHt^ Hi nt ?5Hr ^^tc? i Smntnft ?m -Sewt ? M T ^ ? T ? F E I (fHm, F M T T F H ) , ^ H nt IF?ei^
K i , m ? m f? fmHi d j i - ^ ) [mn ( t j i j ) - ^ mntl M I T N T F M M N T ? # , FH F M tiHimli-iit? M M M ^
^tc m ((^)-c?5 vsm (j)-c tH?i m ?#m s ^Hm, "m n ATLTF? fntcn (it, <2-<2-, i 3 f 8-v) tff I T M E N mei
mf^ ?t#H met" Itm H^sm ^tc ^sm (j)-c?s m (^)-cfitme? atf?M M T M , FH t^t ifiijf t'm I T W T F N R F
tH?i m mHm s F M 'fitia'; T M ?n?T^ 11^ i? I TiE nf ^tmen i F M ie atf Mîtt cff M
lilt afic^ HH ?cii (it, V I cntet), "itnt itH ?# m mn ,=H F N ? mm fmsie?T m'ffnrt me atttfn fitiwt
T M [tmf'^-itf ?] ?<^Hitcn titcn mtci (mft ic^ tff cif5i^ I F ^ I T E ? T M W I F N R F tw H^ I
nn) cftfntei ( f . it, i8<2-, infe-ii)i HH liit imi ITI-fm^smf ((?b-is/iib-i I T E I ? fci fifi,
?n?t^ HH mm tm cmt tm mt, nt ifmttT:? Brockelmarm, S I, <2-i8) Stc? Sflfi time? ( T N
in mfeten m, tftm t?mcn iH iH?^ N ^ F ? i t ^ lit? I F ? ^ ifcmci) [ I T I - F F F ? ^ ? mi'itit titi-iii? F ? f i ,
afiii ?5c? 1 fm citt mtcei c?, mîtHitcn titi T F F M ' , % db-b-] FIEW^S F?fen Smn ? # 5 R F E N i
liifiw cm itttHiten tifi ^?tc iHi? H^H, ciH f^F?H, mtf^FLC T N ' M - I T ? ? i e w ? ams ?fm? M ? I T tfim
it?Hi lii'sH m^Hiten titi-iii? iH mfiiff ^tci^s M M f?, e? FH iit ^ T I E ^ cmi I T C I T N T mn mt i'^, av,
tff -^tc itH^ I lilt cafH^ tft Hmmc? miTcmn i i 3 f i8-<2-) I A T N ?n?TF?iten T I F I - n ? i tf?f5 ^ 8 H
R. Amaldez mt ?m (Grammaire et theologie ATM?een (m') ?fm ifntcn Srnmfii'itm mtitH'i-
chez Ibn Hazm de cordoue, tJtHl ih(th f, hb), 'imm M ffiff tm ?nH FitfFFI, "imf tm M F F
"mrtH ii)T?ict fHHtme? Hff ^T?fci nt M M imm ?fcn ift nHff N T mmen fm-4ifc-iif iff nr^ i"
nm ?m '^tmei i c? iit imm mr^tt ctfi^ fifi^mc?e? tmt lilt I ? M IT-mffnit itm t n i ' I - I F ? M E W ?
am mt ^tmei i liit m^mH ii<if ? fftcmt ^tc atms icm atti C f f I T E M m i Smnt^t, atftei: N H 'Q?^ff
tntf Hmm?
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fiwffmuT lilt u n H a m mn s rnift (H^CH? C^.), (t) t ^ - i i i ? m l i t f t i f f g i ? r f " i - t n '^nt

fmf?' (iJ nY-mtm, f?etw]? i f t tf?if^m iti-t'fmi I f H i t i - f ?;f i - f ' m ^ - ' i i ? W H f . I ' l t f " i -
if?^ m i?;w? ift t f m H f c H ? mtmi'f ?5ff? fm?m Hwt' I 'iit'sfi ^ t c r i i r f i i , H H ' d^j-i) Hm?t
fw? f?m' (t'm?-n i f f t i f ) <n, 135 (t-b] mi l?vf"i-'tm H f ? i i ' ? i i H W i H t I u r e f i 5 t c c i
'tm m?i', "tffwr? cfs" I f H n f t ififi*! m -a f i s ^ i f f t i t i - i ? i f ' 1 - i t t t ^ t I lilt I W ^ ? c i c?t
nfi lMf??Jl I m i f ? ? i i t i f t n mm ' i t ? i t m ? c n t m i i n t
t 7 i f n f i atic^ t n f w f t ? nif i ? c H n ?sf?ci mi t'fiii ifirs^ci fi^ ft^tci (a. m f i iti-mfff,
i f i f i f nft Hwtfnit? f tH? m i f m if?ci m i - m m f i ' S i - ' i T m f i i j t , 8 1 . (si i t w i , ti?; i^î f ) , ^.
f i f m t t ? " i w tH? t i t i - n m f i m ? n t ? m f i f c n fft o(t-8o; H. Fleisch, Traite de philologie arabe, it,
cmcst i m m f i i m n H I t H t f m H I c?, i r f m H i i i iib--i) I
t H w ? ?Tf?s?'=tt f^mmn? 'm?ff tH? s t f f i f i i f f iii#t ? (i) f i m m t m un; (^) iti-ffH
fifiifis? HTHrmw? Htitra f i f f c^-m i c m c t n Hfm tif?t^'-n f i f i c ^ I lilt ifict^cw Sff? n t c i i
H f ? ?sc?i H I m m a f m H ? c?, 4tfn ^lft?I s t i i f t e c? ?ftmT:i 1 w t lilt f i i e n ? 5 ^ f f f i n i i f f liitTci H ^ ? t ?
?m?i mcHi ?5CN mm c i c ? T # ? C?IT?^ sfcmm i t m f f i m H t m r i i n i t t n fwft? S f H stic^ i i m ? i f n
Ht^s m i - f f s f , m i - f m n t l f ( f i m , 'j. f < b ) - i f i ? #?%ii I t i 1W1 m H m c n i
ff?n S i H S ^ ^8ft s t ? i c n ? f m f n ^ t ? # m m ni H. Fleisch (E. l . ^ ) / l t m i i m n
l i i t s f i n S ^ i f 4 i M ? i f n c t mm?<=ttc? t i t f ' i - i t f f i ' i - f liii
H i p T - ? i c i ?<HT ?5f??im I c ^ (IAF?(7&f5i sti^ i?}m i n t f ) i ^ f f fsmfiiii,
cm? t ^ m?f? m f m , 'i?i' i n t f?tmm 'c?tfim'?icn mitfim ^ n ? f i t c i f s t m H n ' ^ f ^ f ^ f m c n
^5tc i t c ? I I t f - f f f ? (M H l l T H (tifH^', 'J. î-f)-n itfi^'a I t c i t n t ? ^ s t f i c i ^ ^ t>a-ci t m i r t H ? i f i i t c n i
H n i f tmt I f?Tm?T? m^ S s f t f g i ^ ^tcci i t i ' m n f H H f l i i c i ? i c m m?i n m m stHHsmt f f t ? Scfci 'itmi'
(uj i^ym H T N n f t f i c n H I ? icm j_u-n i f t ? H i H c n s t n ^ f l l I H H i - i i i ? ? . ? . I t f H ? mi t H
l i f t ?3i?cn i m "5tc ^ f t mn f i H H i m m H m Iîft stmi m^ c H f f ? -a i ? j i i f s r m i mc? i t m e m n
mn mm itme m n i j t f ^ ?n:n i f i f i fapm (ir?'s f . m - s f i i t t fimf%? f f t n , f i c n m m f i m -a f f t c n i c m
t n f w f , it, i 18-b-o) I fm?ntci i m - m f ^ t n ^ i t m m i i m c ? 'tm-'it?
fimi-'it? c^ s t i ^ t s t i m f i ? ^ f < i t i f t n ^ f ? ;
i m f i i i ? ; c i ?T?m? i^limcn i
f l i i i ^ inrci sfttfil i t c i t t m i ^ i ^ t i m
tn'^-^^nimf? f i n f t c t m c i m H ? ( f m ' S i - i t f i m s f
n I t m m f f ? ; c i f^H I ? T ? stc^tt i R 5 i f i s t i i t e t i ^ i
S f f i i - H f f i ' , i m t . Attia Amer, ^. (to) i f i ? t t f 1 - t ^
mm i m i i c n f i i m i ^ît f i n ^ s Iîiic^ttci?
i ? i f 3 R i ( f i - t w H ' ) ^{tt ^ t H c i mi t H t 1^111131 S i t n t
?Hm sfsH i H - ? f t i ! t t i f t ? 5 H ? f ? stt? stic^ I t c i t n t i f i c
H H tstH'srt^, f i n r t t f ^ - i t H ^ , " i t i f t n n f i ' m i ' sn? m
irf? 1 lilt s t i n f?Ci?tr? S i : i t c H l 7 Elementatio
f i m i m f ^ (m?5ilm'i-SiiH') mi f f f i
Theologica of Prolus, ' H i f intW H H ? if n "iRfijf
W H ( m ) t m rnmis t n f w f t n? ^fit ^ f t i c i ?
^ i m f i iiif?c%f5i stH5 i T t u m f i i r t t r t f^"
i c m f f i f i t m i u f i ? i i t m n s iti-'t^'i-fsft'sfi'm
( i t i - t r a i l - i t f 1') n t i m f c n u t f t n ififB f l i Liber
s t f o i c ^ i f l f t it?t?it3!, ?T5t i ^ i f S t H i I C ? f i f l i H m i m
de Causis C m i f i m t . Bardenhewer) f , Freiburg,
i t c H i I C ? H ( S f i f i vs it, i(!38,135)! t n f w f t i '^f^
S f f ? c i c ? stms liimft ft?n i t i - f ^ (^. feii/i<to(2-)
it, B., ib-b-^ f , ^ i m t . by A Badawi, in Neo Platonici
opud Arabos, ?1?cm ifeffu 1.) H C I m t f t ? s t t i 1tf%^ct,
[ti1?tf, <ts, 135 i8] n f t f ^ t m t i m c n i c i ^ i s t m i
? 5 C N , "fH?. t m f m t c?, Iît m f m m m ?T5I l i f i H ? " tftc i f f S t H Cf$ (sit U 1 I t l - t l l f ' l - m ' a ^ s y i f i i i J l ) -a
f f f ? C5f? i c m f i m w i R i m i f i t m w srf?Hi n
t H w ?m n t w t mi IT5J i f s r f s t i t i tHc?5 ?m
CI, i t H f f H ^ (m'ff) i t f i i m c ? i t i s f i s t t i c ^ mm
n i t ? t ? i" lilt s r n f t ? S f n i t t i t i f m f - n f m m ?
?wm I t e i , m f i i f i tm? f i i t i f i f ? c^fft stm?
^ i m i ' I t f t n ''^mi (f. io<n/i^8i^) I i f i c i c m ^ m f ^
fwtc? m ^ n i t f i t m i m i itei s " n t liinfi tft? f
t n f w f t ? S f f ? c i m ? j i stms t f t H - f t m i^Hc?, c?
sfffa5^ ^ ^ - a ^ i f i fwfji c f g f t e i f i f ^ . i m n , itfH t f ?
ffi n f t ^^ficmf wm mm? i^) S n i t n t i i f i c n H i
^ts" i ? U i ? s t t i cf$, S ^ stff3Rit ^ c f i f ^ n H I
t n m n - i f i tm mm? s u c n W H f . i. R . Amaidez,
m?itH3teeifiit?c5f?c^ i" u t H i l i i i t i s >it i m ^
f . i . , f ibrNlj 1
t i i t f fiieit?
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M ' f t e 4 ' ^ M % R i ' ^ l t c 4 K ^ r 5 W ^ f ^ A A 1^1? tAt Alh((.lti|>l, ' s i ^ ^ Wft4? R t ? ? l f I ? f t k ? ? ^ t l T O R-tC4 C A f R ^ ftcl?t
gft^ ifH>ilVrtAtAWAI i i J ? # W t t l A j A 'sMsARgt^Ta^ C? R A ^ R T O # W ? ^ ?Tftc?C?s C4tR A ? W f t c ? W t M s tiC? Rt
AGS! ^mw% AftAT AJttn 4CA l C ^ f t C ? 5 ^[t'gtCA ftM 4 f t C t i c ? ; ft^ ^ ^^ft^M
lilt atRCSf R A t A W l A # t A ' 5 R F ^ ^ < % t T ( W a f W A^R 1 ftrStRl? ft^ R&ttc C A R R W ?CA I i^lt TO^tAR^ CAg 'S
i I -^'Wt -MtimiT ? t t A t ^ ' R - R t t ' - A m^ Mt ^ ^ P f t W T ? AC?T 2 | C ? t W % C A f t ^ ^ t ? 4 C ? TO?^ ftftft3
R w l ^ f%RtAtW f M , " C ^ ^ R ^ ( t r T t R ) afRCSf mx ?J|ARf ^t? s t t R l ^ stftMt (i'fft) stRtt 4 c ? I wift ^ t t r o RSt?
(^'5jcTt) 5rSAlA^" (TOtt't^ tt'SAtfA'RRWr', AtjnRi t ' l R l ' ^ A W^RIC? At^RtC?5 Wlftl?5 (AiAtft) ?t^S?t
i8ViÂb-, A 8 %) I t A t ? iSi^lt (R5?R ^ afro 4?t A?. lilA^ A f t CA?C4 m^ ^? ftc?5 ftc#t TOI
sTlJftAf W M l M AtATC^ ('^, I sfPf^ R ? ^ 1 R ^ ;y[|?R.;ai? ^ I ^piM ft^ WgRtC? WTfTA ^^lAt? ^ 1 l % r TOs,tAt?
i&fAJt AtAttA M s t M AST? I tsT AtcCA W f A C4t? t ? R ' 2 t T W l ? C? C4t? ftil? ^SC?? ^4r??t?t R W f 3 5 |Mrt?
? ^ W f t ^ A ^ W A I StramfA AMTAat ^ t (RtAtA) iflA? W ? ^ 4 C ? ? I ^'WT ( t R S J T ' ^ ) M T T O T 'RRt^R4tC?
sjfsJR (?s?%I <peil*j'i) AtcC?, AlAf^ ^tfev^ AAlPif C4tARtAtCA? g f t C A l M ft'|RT TO A t C R ^ ifl^t tt W J T O t ?5C? TO?
a f C u M I CAA s|4WCii s t R W tAt TOt AfAt ailRlWA CA, i f l t Q % tAtW?C4 ftfSt tftlê ? s M C|CR I 2ttR C A f l ^ ( W l R -
RTOT ignirf???^ 2t*rr?vo ^t1^ ^ M f t AtAt M M i (i) % T f " R - ^ ) A t C C ^ cm C^tR-RR? A R ? W t ^ , C 4 H C 4 R
4iirac^|tc1^ (Physics, A t , ^ IVletaphysics, A ) M t ? C t A R i t ? 2ttR ftA?1^ Wifts, WtllAC^ tftc^ 'S RtR?RtC?ltT
t A ?s1^t4tfA m^ MtAt AlAf ^ M t *nR ?stATO ^ t ?Ml ftsi ?5?tl lilt tf3^ C4?R R T f t A - t 1pf?l'S-'^^ M l ?
(tsf? ? ^ t C A f C^f? At^RtMT), ' 5 ( M M C A f ^ t ^ - f t ^ v i l ^ a ! ? ? ( R t l . H . C o r b i n ^ M. t V L u i n , t T t f t ? -
( % T f ^^Mrt) TOs ?t^ AT .1?!' CA? ( t S T f IAlMrtA) 1 CATO iSid-vs t.)-'^ 'Sfft wr5I?l t M ? 5 M t t f t W<lT'^ 'l-Si
^ ttS W3?nc? 2ftft ^ A ^ lilt cAg M r o I (A) ' j t l ? WtC^CA, y t f t f t M A C A f ? R M W At^llCA t t ^ A ^
tAt? R M At?TC^fitf^Mrt->jB<p|5l. tfeHJ'gfit^fW^[?tfl t l M C A p T ^ TO? ^'l-'lo !ilA 2ttR C A f atRC^ I ^ t

ft sfC?tTO tAt? t M 1 Af? ?M=TO??stft-A? R t ^ , ?SR? t ? ^ RlAAT % t f ? ft^ R t M ftrtATC?'Sitwttf
CA tTO afCTOf? ? ^ , TO? TAIA 'TAtAt?s|ft?iCt ? I , ^ T O t A t f TOtT; ? ^ ^ ^tTTftC?? W ^ M t k ? ? R M
? A f ? t f t ?W 'S M s , t f t A t t ^t?T I TOTtW tAt A f t A ? a t t f M ?t?tR^[CA? catftA t W T ^ - R t ' ^ R t W M T ? ?3ftc
s f t f M 4 ? R t t A A ^ t l t C? t A t ? TOT ?^, TO? 'S 'TAtC4 ^ l A i ?>C? I TOTftc?s t A t WM^? afC^ w M CWtCA?
?s?,t?T 2fC?tW?; ' T O ? f t A ? # ? f *tl%5pt^ ?5A ?Ttii't<l>t31, R M t A f ? R R f t ' ^ t ? ?5C? ( f . fttl'R-Rtttt?, W ^ "3 R t l .
C? TTO 2tC?rtTO ?^ 'S ?5A,t?t? I W^[C65P#? TOtftc H C o r b i n , tTl1?R-CATO is.\b8 % ( f v s - 8 / i b - o - i ) i AlAtC??
A ^ TOT AtslC^,TOC^g8t (WT^ ?Tft')-'fll? iflt TOC^T? ft^ ARt A t ? I C 5 CAg, lAlt AtCC^ ^ R mx ^s.tf% ( W l R R ) , t ? R
SICAITOAAAT I 4 l ? t ? ^ ,TO?,>lf2h?lr WAAT 1lAl*IJ4tll ^tvSlt ê,tt%? A t c ^ C ^ attR CA % 8i-i'bA) I
' ftft ^ ?sc?? I "^lAW 4 t f Atc^CA t?5f 2tT?s 'S ^ i" ^ A I ? t R R l A t ? A s l R t R l ^ t C tat-iai? TOttft ? ^ ? T ? ^ I
ftM 'jtr? C?Tt ?s?T At?TC? CA, ? ^ (TOfT) W'J^'ftT C A f ^ W I R - f t # 2ft?*lt t A f A fecit 4 M c ^ I 'ilt?iCt , " R ^ Ât?
ATAt, affAM ? ^ (ATg^t) A i t RTC? tCt ^ R W t ? f ? A t W f?^pM Me? ? A # t t CAg (WtR-tWt^'R-^tRfft'R-^Tfftt)
WtAf ?M WtC? ^ TOTO ?Tft5t 'SIWST? ifltTOs^lt4 ? " atRc^ l i l ^ f t ftRtRIA M - ^ T O f t C A f ? R?tTt M t t ^ M f C ^
R t t T 4 t f t ^ ^ i ^ t ? ! ? ft^ ^ 4f?C t i c ? I ' M t l ^ T O WIWIA TOs l i l t s M R ? J ^ ftAlC^ 1 lilt c w t . t A t C t T ? ? R I AtÎCA
lilt R?5R ^ C 4 l" ' f i t l f M A f W t CA^TRS A R I A t A f C ^ M5ft?TTTO?l ^ S t ^
^rnf^p ? ^ o ) - c 4ftftgtc?TOcj3%: fts'ss C A ^ ARt A t S t C A l A t f t ? n ( A i ' T - b ' ) ; ^ . t ? tAtC ? t A T O
?s?t AtîCA 0 AlÎ?A ^ ftM 'stIfM' A ^ R ^ ( t M , (RlTOf, '?Ff%f) CAff^C4 '53^ÎCA ftcS?t ?#?I1 liMtC? lA^^
^ M r , sriM); W t ? -^tft CJ3f? ftTO ft??t 4 f t t ? t-HÎI'ftfi^ f t f t R ^ atCAtt ?s?l ?t?1rA I " W l R R t f ? ^ R 5 i C A W t H A A a f f t
TOTO ^ t ? ft?%r S (14ftC4 ?ft?nc^ C?5?R Rf^RlMl Wt^tT" alRCf Wt??t CAgRîCAS 'il?sj^ ^ TMt?R^ tit
A ^ R l R l t ('tA, R ^ , C ? t M ? ^ R T s # ) , W t ? f t C 4 W l C ^ ? i A t M t AtAtAt I v S l W C A ^ R M Rtfa5; CA 'Jt<t>|C<l C4I?
W t A t 'WiM' ? ^ R l R ^ (Wtft ^ t l T O , ftft^ TOTR, WM, G 3 f g ^ R A (i^, 1 . AS'l-b") I W i R A l f CttR4C4 ?R| A t ^ l C A
R T O # M aftfR^CAS " f t ? M R ^^Mft CA?" TO? ? t ? ? #
CAf R t ^ lilt R 4 R A'ftt Rftp5IC?t iflfACSfS^?! i^ft^J C ^ ^ G T t ^ A ^ R ? , t k ? R ? R M ? ^ ^ R T O W f t 4 ? RA'^
Ate 1ft AtsiCA I W A t T tAt? ^ t ^ t ? T C? ftc?f?f t^rf? { % A8b-) I W t R - f t ^ ( t A t Art) ^ f A l t l A C A f f t ('t^)
R t T O ? R l M AtilICA TAt laftc^fB^r? ? ? , '5R?t^^pT4tC? tAt .WtCRt5?t 4 f ? ? t C 5 ? (i^. A t , <MilC?l i l V iSs^vS, I lilttC?
t ? R t f ft=SC?5t?
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tat?
t%f? t n t R - T O TO<Wt A T A T O A s R i t e i R W T ' J T O TO? sfTOA? TO? R t , A ? ? CA$RT|A ( t f l A T T ) " R t ' ^ " - T O sff
CWITO f51? ^ 4 M ? CA? ( i ^ , i i o - v s ) t ^ T t f t I R t A t ATT'J A t ^ t i W ; Mile Goichon ?TAte4 W3?1R 4R?tlCA
W t R - A ' H i f A R ^ A i W 5 *|4iHiim % t ' S R l T O t A C ' t A Causeite (Rt''=iRl?lJt)-?iet (Lexique de la langue
C4H t t < 4 m t ^nstt tAfjT A t A t C ^ I liltotCA ' ^ M - T O t t t R technique d'lbn Sina, t T t f ? R iSs'SV t - , R ? s a i ) i t A t
(TOtt. Dieterici, ap. Alfarabi's Philosophische R t e 4 WT?<3 ? 3 C ? ? # A W s
Abhandlungen, Rttc^SA i v s i o t-, 'J. 2-'^) ^ s c? TO^
( i ) t A A i t ?teR f5?T?r t A t e ? t t s f 4 T ? s ? t TOT
RTOI "TOTtAT ?n?Ct 2 f C T O i % t " '>otAlCW< m^ CAf
( ^ R t A ? t A ? \ t W t R - ^ f a w t f t ? t'ftAte ' j f , ? t t . Flugel,
( % r t ) a f C A t r o , C?CAs t A t S t w f t A t t R t t 1 t A A W lilC^
RtttAt iV8a t - , % iô) t ? ^f R t C A | R ^ Wff,
W C T O CAs ^ c t t e ? A t Ibrahim Madkour, la
? f t (in potentia) Wt^[M??s (in actu) CApPJAC^
place d'al-Farabi dans L'ecole philosophique
"^ ^ t T T O C A | R ^ " - ? i e t wfR 4 e ? R I ?f^|?ft C A R ^
musulmane, t l t t l R is.8 <is.) i C i t t AttcC5,
4t^4ft î5rstCA ^CC^ C 4 t ? ? ^ " W f e c p CA" ( W A A t
W t f l A t ? R S t tAfC<i? W l % C | W t A A A ^ TO? 1TO C 4 t A TOn?
R ^ , - f e ^ ) ! "C?n? ? ^ R?tkt t A t ^ C?n? ,%tTTO W t ? t t A l A
CA5 Ctat) ttf%C tte? A t I CACAS C? AtcôCA A F ^ ^ ^ e ^
w i % c p tf?esl1%c Ate t t e ? " ( t T O t , iôs.) i i/ittc?
R ' T O a t t R CA5 (WtR-RT?t<['R-Wt'a>3?tR) i wge5T#? TOt!^
Wt??t '^t R t ^ w M < ^ ttIe4T?t t f t 'ft ^ ,
TOft i5t?(?Sf5%( C A S ^ (trot) R t f ^ i S tfR?t 2 t W A t ? t e A i
t A t ^ Re?^ R T O R t 4 i ? t A A f t T O ?ftM CATO RAJC'=3R
?T?AtfA?5 tAte?? t A 3 t t A t ^ t ? ? ^ Wset^S ('J. fftr-Si)
(?T) w MRf W I
tt^s?! TO, l i l t W ? e t ? f ^ A t ? t e A ? ^ ^'SRl?t; 15?^ ? i t
R5?t? 'jARt^ ? e e Treatise on the agreement ( A ) ?n??5ft CA ( W t R - t ? n ^ ' R - ? t t R t ) - C 4 TOtt ? R t A ?
between Plato and Aristotle 'J. i i , A '^.) C 4 t ? ? ^ W f e c p l R t l % ^ t k t ? i t t A ^ . i t A t A t R C???Rf
t s T t f A I W t ? t % W t A l R ' R - A T f A t f t ' R - ^ J p t M t (Rtt. Dieterici, C4t? wf%C^ W t f t R T O T ? ^ te?nw%It ?fA?TC^ lilt
R t t c T O itrJi,(^ %)-cs Rt?T5 w t T O t ? ?T?Arc? 1%f^; w t t f ? ? t ? a l T O t T l ^ stT^ atCAtt WtR-'5pt?tft? ? W ? f t e i^t A^RTI^
R ^ tT"a?t TO 1 t^r^pt' ( t R t f t A T l , A t , sa'K) t r p m at?e^
^ , A ? S i i H T O tRct^CW, 2 t A ? ? ^ ( T O f t ) SttSf ?it-iil?
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?5T^4T3t R ^ R ^ TO) WTtlWf (TORf ?5e?? R T O
CA* ( T O T ? ) R t e 4 WTCRtfts A ? I
A R t m\ t A t ? Wt^'^ ? W R ? t T O ? t ? t l A R t C ? ) - ' 5 ? Re?T ttf?A
soe? CA Rtf ^ g t s R t ? ? ^ t Arttrt t t ? t TO
?sft?fCl? 1 t A t ^ t ? 1f? W ? T 4 f ? ? T e ^ C?, t A t A t ^ t ? U 3 ?
t?? f t T O ? ^ ? t ? % ; ftfWote? t ? A ^^'wf fwtAtro ^ t ?
tAfA ?etg t f t A l t i R 1 wf*(f??TT 1????5 afA^PHJCA t A l C ^ ^[4fl?RR g t R ^ I t ? ? # ?neR ft? A i ^ 4 e ? R c?,
2ft5rtt RWt?5ft t c S I tfR?t 2tt?e?? s f c s t t ?T ?5t??T arftfA4 ?t??5ft cAi^ Ateôc^ wtatAA t?f? r ^ r ? f ^
R?Tet^ i f ^ ^ ^ t ^ A? s tr4t', W t R - t R t f A s n , 4t?e?T RSt ^ 4R?1Cî ( ? . t r o t , ^. i8o) i5A? i9f?C%f5ft? TOTO
iSljo t-, A t , A 2 " l - ' S o o (ttA CA5 lARfCA W t l T A ^ w t ^ ' ^ ?TR t A f C4?ReiA*lT^R?5 CA??? 1 tAfc Thomas Aquinas-
a f A t t ) ; AtWT, ?t?e?t i'Sfi-V^'^^s^, 'J. A i i - 'S A'^(^-8^s m " f t f t ? t t " - i i t ? R T O T ^ C T ? R ^ tT^GRt R S ? I
( l i t t t t c ?TOT5w t T O t ? TO? t?'^'jAte? tar? t ^ - ^ i t ? atato ( v s ) ^t<J CA5 ( t T ' t ? T t ) , t A t ? ^ t ? S?^ W t C A t t ? R T

4 ? t AtAte^ ; trot, R t t . Flugel, tltcvb*^ i t r s , A t-, 1- ?t?te^, t A f e ^ m^ w T 3 osrt?teRt f?ft?^ A ? r i A t T O ^
i S i . 8 1 t A t ^ RfA R?f<? TOt R t t e t t e ? RttRTOlRTS? ( W t f t ( t t t ? t , '^t. i'^SS') " ? t # f CA^RfiA? 4t<45l CA?" (^. tetRe?T
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t?RtRt t%'l-^TjA-ifl tat R f ^ R R ^ atRC^ WieRfÂT (1?*^ "CA?R^<:A^ CA?" ( M ' , t ^ f A ? i l , A t , AJi>A) I t^TfftArt-'^!?
? t R t ' t R t % ' R - f t ? i R t ' S ? t ' - l f t t ? T t , ?t?e?t i A * / i S ' O t r , i<iR R ? w e t t t ? ? t f t 5 f ^ r t f r f ? f f w R w ? T ?sf??te?? c ? ,
ioo-i) f?RtRt t % ' - T f t t s j t ( i ^ , 'J. 8), lilttC? ?T?A t ? ? f t R t lilt Tjftft ^ C TOft CA?^ 1?eRt ?jf??te^ TO?
t R l ^ Atc^sC^ W t R T O I t A f Ate f S t ^ CA?C WttRC?? C 5 t f ?5e?R ( i ^ . A t , AS.8-V) I
t ? A f t T O CAs atRC^ atA^rt?ft R t e 4 l i t t f W t?^tf? 4t??j|t CA? 's i } 5 T s C 5 ^ t l ? t f ? ? 5 R t e < r a R^ÎB^s ^gt#?te?
w l c R t s T O TO?tt ? t I e? tf? 4?e%f8eR? t?i^ a ^ , tACt? R?'58fft WfCRffF At^lC^ I t A t ? R t A A S R '^4t?ett C?RR
Metaphysics-i9? ^ t ? R?tRf?tC? f ? ? % t f l c ^ i tAte?5 l|T5t^ C A f il?sft CAfAiet f t f TO? t A t ^ TOtT?^
ft? WoT'S ^ ^ T O R i C t 1?etRt TO? (tAeTOteA f ^ ' RtWt 4 T # f t c^^R^jeA? ? t w R e t ? ( t r o t , % i S o ; w^.
W?R) ms. tAf =3R t t k ^ ^ s w1^ ?5t??t ??T-?rte5t T?TOt? A.M. Goichon, tTtf?R-'2??f i S i ( ? i % ^db) i 4Rt
f ? e 4 t t w t f t TOt. 11f? 's^ C A f R ^ j A ^ t?e?r?t t l R 4 t a f T O t r o wf%e'f? A ' R ^ cte?f3# TOt R ? R f t A ? I
titlfl ft'Se^R
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( 8 ) 2tn m i % f ? cwmtM n < i c f j ) , m i H i (H'l-'mm) c f f , iHi^ ( i t f m ) c f f

tt'QTiT ?m 12tm, imr?r miift ifi# T j n f ( m ' ^ ) c f j , HHt c?f ( ^ t m f ) , mm?i cmm) mm
m titisFci m f i i t m î^ (Sfi m m m i t m f i ( f H u t ) Cff, m i f i (HHm) c?f ? w i f i c ^ i
î^tc (Hm', ^ t , \ 5 ^ i - 8 v 5 ; f . tmm, >>8i-^) i mrn^ci t n f i t ? c ^ i m f i m^ nH itti= i t i t siv^ff
m t Sest m t ^^?rtn " m atti cf" ['tsii^'i-^ f ^ m i - miftf?^ afcmi itam m Htit' ( i m t . n . ? f m , msiem,
^ . f s m m ^ " m c f p tmi:? (m?"-ici (Htm', ^t, ife-fe %, % f^b--fe)-n Ht^'^-ifii->ii i tfte w m i m
o8o)] I H H HsiCTCt leif^ m w f t cf^, m i t HHt ^^teatn ^ m e i , cif mm? i t r i H i m i H c f ? ^ i t i H ? f ?
m i m m ^ i m i f m gtr ( f i H ' ) " m S m m " i m n i m e i ? iH f i f ? i ? i c n c m mm? > i t f
(tm' f ^ m o - n icm f 5 t ^ m m t H m H % i i m ^s^^, m i t % i c ^ î^tc ite? n t m i e w mm^ f%f it ie?
i t i H o I f m i t i % ^ ( m m ) i t m <mst t m e i i f e p i m ^ c m t ' j t i c ^ ( m i - t i t f ' i - f m 1 ? i t ) - n mtiei i
m i (i&, ^ ^ ^ ) I t n f m f?e?tiiifcf? iH t i f t f m - f i ffm^m?f?
((f) i t i H s I f ^ m m lem H m w m i f mHm a r t i H i m i t i f c f ? f i m H wom H s i i i i , tieii f m
ff<iFo\oti i m i i RîiFD t n f m ei<i*>ifii^ m i t SHH titf H ' l m H ' i - t n t i - (mrt. A . corbin, i]tHi-cnti
^ t m n i t m s t m M i t j 5 t c m : i H n i i s m j f H m csmti ife(f^ f , f Nb;^-, fei, fe8-<J3, i81-b-, ib-8, i\rh, ife(f); H H
i n ^ m m n (mm), i n f i m m i m at^Hi ^ n H m ? tfite? Sm m ? i i i ^ i ^ , t i f ciem^ mf^ mii? c f H i ;
"imi itt H f n m (mm) ^ l i H m mt i n m sfiiHi, tH 4 ? e f 5 f ? S n r n j f i t m f t i t n t e n n t S n t ? i ^ (^
m ^ s H i i w , c f f i atf I i ij,t(.c^, i t t H I f ? i H f cwjiHHw î^tc t m m m ) c f ? m m lem Hti i m i
m ^ i w d n ( m n f w n m m t m " (i&, ^^-bi) i m t i r n i t i i t e n i tm ^^^tc f H ^ ? t e i 'atrnf' (mirtm) c ^
i H i t t H ? f H l i m t i m n mm ^^tci i f H ? c^fH "csmH a n m f o?H?Tr) c f j " m%ffi cwrrHati (S^î?Tt
l i i t H ^^tct (Hitm H^'i-ifff) n t ( f f i m r n m i i n ^#?it) c ^ (ife*) i m j m I tm l i t cwm i H i ^ f e i
(jA_iJi_,) l i i t H ^(?t I f ? i H f ^ tiHe? m, Hei? a t m i f i cmtH at?miei mme c?f n t ititt ? f ? i m i
i m r ( f f (Hi-f'^m)->ii? tm itiitHm? f!i iRi'jH'f aftmem c m i f ) S n H t n ; c? im i i f i e ^ ,
^tc ite? ( ( m m e ^ ?5tw t m ? ie? m^sHft? i H ^ , f . C 5 f i n t I t i H ? f S?t n t n e ? t i i t m i " (^6) i
mm, % îi.-o) 1 t m m i m H m ? tms H u m ttHe me? l i i n ? H m n t it%f i t m m atH H ? ^ I H ei
I t m m? ie?t l i f f J ^?te ite? i c?t cf? H? m m m c m m, lilt cii3t c f f m i f (tm)<Mf<M?i?tm a n u t
H i t m im t m t t i m H m ?Tf m % f f i ttHe m ? m ^tmei n t i ^ atiei m ^ i m ? f fsttflr i iitte?
ite? m n t i t n i H m ^ t m e ^ ?Tf H m m ttHe ite? c m m, t n n e n ?m?f ^tc c f j m ajie^ n H ffr^
m itmiîî?iSnntief^cf^,mgtfHHniie?t ^ S f m t i i m m i t f r m i m i it'sm m im
m ^ , i n r t f Hjm ?tc H i e i f H m i m tm m i m iiitic%tti i m ^ i i t e i t n t n t mmff'-tfrf îei i liit
l e f I Itntit? f%\?m^ f i t m t H^te? Hjm (c? wte? i e i tH t i e n tijm atie^ m i - i t m f n atfns? a r m
i m e i H f c n m t ) - n it^tH H H ^^ti cf iîit ittH l i i m e n (imr. Boyges,'???r ihoo f 8 i.,f. tte?f
?f? i t ? m f ? i i m i I I f - S. Van den Bergh, 1 ^ ife-8 it, 1.) i
(<b) t n f m m ? ^ i m f msjig m n ^ i t i f i , liilicîtf ? mtiH C f f atie^ t n ? ^ w m i f i m e n , c ^
(1) tm ^ m'=ii-n iH f n t ^ m m e ? m i i ? i^Hî i m f i 'iji m i t f t t i f j i j ^ g i i n t c m i t n f c f f m
n f i t m ^ f i t i m tm m t ? m ? i t iH^ n i t m s f i e n f f t ? c f ^ i i afti cf? iff m i O T f f i fH m
i n ^ i i m f ^ m m ? cfj, i n mmi m m S m , ts?^ memi i m , aiji: c f f H l - T t cf atiesf c f j
in<3 'tm n t i n c i i ( t ) ? H Q i t i i ? m f l t H i m n t ? m f i i m m i m iff. " m c f f t t f t ^tc
cfei n n ? t m t m f H u t ?m f t ? l c i i f i cf f t m i f e p m t n H i i - i r e? iit i m . m i t i f n
m i H c i m m - n f i m f t ^ ( a t n ?f) H e i i ie? i cicir^ NS ^ m i e ? ( i f i ) cf5? m i i m i i i liitie^f cmi i m
i f t m i j i t m s i t m s (mm?i " H f ? ?f "-ici, tcmiem <ê?im c?, t n , m i ? t f m a r t w ( m i H f ) i ? ? H i e n
m m 11 m iHmei), 'Sf^? ( c i t H i ) - n iH "atn mm' m-ctte&tmm ti?i:^ ajf^jSpm ?r<? i f i m e n ôt f ^ i i m
( m i - t m f ' i - ' S i f H m f , i^t ? t ^ m i - H f ? ?ntc ?iti) i c n f i l m 1 c ^ atei^ i&fftfii liific^ltcK f i i t m i t
m?if mf4j n i it^ cfei i m t?ici iittmf, e? mitHmt ^tmeni
i f t e i i H m i m n m t I (1) f i i f n mmei Hem^ I t f ^ ' i - m t i s ? ^ cf^ i m c i t i f ' i - i t i t e i
c ^ f i ^ f c i ' j i f i ? i i m f t ? i c i (mm, ^) % (H'l-n c n c m i t e i t n t n i t i attlfii i ? i i ? c ^ m i t f t e i
t m f tifeiti
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i f mr stm I t iH?t Itm? n mt strnt m ^^t i f7 m m t m m n mfmm w m 'Q?^? iHlf? ff% ie? n t
wtrtit stn fff? cfg? ntit 1?, ???, tm n?f; t m ifitHiiei lilt mfim ififim Sien sm m m i
?m, fims mf? ici? ff% 1 f'mfif, iti'mff's mtf- e? st^ im mte Ite? ci, S m Ss,iH? n H f i mtn
sttflff f5mf?m:i? stw fif^ ? m T mnw? i f ? ^ (5. iftmef H m 1 liiifici ?ffmei t n ^^tm cf5>5 irnmi
Itmf, 1, B) I f'mfifft mm, f? fSpm Si? ft-?5i m i imfi fiem, iniei^ ?ftmei fftmf Snmi-n
mftmtlf? ?n?mf?m fif?ft (fm?m)-'ii? Si? stmt stmfi fien mit mm stn i m t ^ ^ f f f itift nt
(mm)-m^fifm stm itt m ^ mfi mnfimw ft i I t f t iiHrni H?m fnuf i t n tm"^ "^tnt cifimH,
n ? i w mjtm "srmw sf?H ?im mt? fm?im istimf? ?m cm3 n H c^ mm mfiff rnimfim m?ci f ?
i?mt? mcst "g^ I stm fH m ifnt itfie i t e ? m n t tftei cmi ifie
mmff "i-mmfiim: sttisi mmm? firmfmst i m mr Ite? m I tm IC tH fief? ift Itmf? mtei? stie^ IW
m-ftmf (?) (m? ittfl ?f miei tm mm *im?f nt fff? c^fifcn itrnm c?m nme? i m mm
?T?m ifm; mm n i ^ît stftm? i c i ' t ^ , 'ttrait,
tm IC liiiH im? if%^m ita^t^ Hfimm itifim i
m'ff mffimt *nifcn m?mm?fmci ^ m, iHitei tHe f m im n itif^ if? Sn cff? stm
mmtmc? "ifi^ ff%i fm:^- 'cn fici i >i5t?it ^îift ntiftm ?5m n fmtffiiei? Tîtfiwt i f ^ mfi
Sm?i ftcci mti'1-fi m-mf? (ir?m m. f?.) tm if%ei I cî imei? i^fiH ?Tnm ft iei
^mmi, tm mft cff iff ^t?tci (vs>-s>o) nt'iîift Itmf? mfim iît^ fiim iteitm iîit ie^ ?^
^5tm cn fif^ imm c?twtei i
fl?C55fT m f s t C ? "C5f I t i H If" StICSf fiC?fi (ioS-Nb) I stlif s ?m fi?îe fitj I
'mffi-fi m-tf? mmfii nt tm stmm m-m^f
L. Gardet (EJ.^)/Itifi mei
>i)t f?n imci f i i f i f i mcmm ?5f??tcii (mi'i it^?tfii,
imt. m?cm ioc5.<t/is>oi, s i , s>v-':ôi) i tm cf imri *t^T?pf (^jiL^) g^gftmtn^='tfmtn'55tnfiim
ficni nt C5f TfîH ?f? i?]m? mtl stiCT nft f i

n n m Hfif f i f n t ib-vcs. fit? ?!i fii? nei?
I t e i m t ?ftmci I l i i i t c i mmij srt^ mitft <tcci 'c^' ^ citn itm-smtm fH mt, fH Sm I H I ciitf?
c m Tmci? stff5Rn? 1 ' (m?) ntfff? im? inft? ffim i t m f Hf%^ I ffi nem iteitf n ifiHc?
c m u s t i stm (mf?) .tfic ite? m i mitfite i e i mem wijiî i m (nm icîi/iictt?3-ieg? iVoi) i
n m-^sE?mf f m m f m (imt. Flugel, Leipzig i v s f f m-imm is-)-"^ fim f ^ n n iîo/nri'b-'K iti ^tc
1., % ybo -a iî)-s\ m'fe?? Sell m i f ^ ' ^ m?jeit i^sa/iv^h-oo HI lis ffi i^ fim stfiteit .fiiîm?
tm i i m - n mm lem I t f i i HI? ifnten I fifip men 11^ n? liiit l e ^ fH i i i n nHfci^s fim m
mft ltd n ?T?me? lilt ?itft m ? f i ^ mt i t if?ei I ffi i c ^ i o / i v f f s m m f5:im m i ^ - n iitHfi^
nt tm fft? cme5? Sn ?T?mfns stemi ifim mei i ^ m t ' 1 - H H m-illfifiilJl (5_4JUI S J L U J I j c ^ ) ( f . )
tft itifcn fi-Tftm ^1 mim imei Seii ?ftmei i ICI fif35 n n t itffj i^ iei fiemfw Hen i liiit iei
mtifii fm^. Hen ceiim-n m-itff? fmfnt fH itfiHm ( f . ) i f <M? H m-itmf?m f ? cif ici
i m iti-m^f? mfim (...) 'mm mm?tH'-m'sfi, I t f i flm I fftm iti-irfi'i-iff? f^^rm iti-
f'mtmi^ ititfimiiei fi?f'i-itim-n ifemei irfmi-i-tf^-n 1 m-immm fifit fimfiiii i^t
iff^ ? m (stfeitîel? fm? cieit^ssistTnm? i f i i ieitm i ? f f flm I
ffte?) I i ? i f % m itwtf? *rtei cfgmifei wf im tm i?ij t m m n H fien f fmf mm ifitft ^ci-s
m i ( f . f^lfnt, imt. I f L u c l a n l , 11lHf?rt1 ifeob- tm ?nmfe tm stiti iftmei mscwm itifnme? 1
%, % h^-a, iov-io) I i t i m - n i f % f i f m im mt m lilt ciitsfi? ifiie? iteitfi ttmci fifii m ^
mt, fif c? I W 'sff^f3Rrt'? ift "mmi tmm itf^ fnt^fi fii?sH I lilt cna f m iri'i-'itfif?j'i-Hfii
?5m mt" Smm S n t m cm itnft stt? mt Citmf H'i-it'sm 'itmmftH'1-tmi H H I (dju I ^^.^ji
m'ftfif) dJLo jL.vi ^^jjiiji ^ ) mem i^sife/ifeoi-c^,

itif^ If? S n c^f? m'f?-n imrm nfiei i i , (?) H n i^t? iH i f ? ffHc? Sell im m I litief
m'mf I f f 11 mmf? i m m fiemf ftme? i ^ i e i ^ f m f^ m-fa^'i-fftmf (f.) S J H n f i ^mn ifimen i
imm itemmnfiei fie?m i e ? , m H fffimifîen m i f5:tm m-itff m-'immf m-mim-iii citn
ie ?n tm c m i f w ? lem itmn f ^ "srmHi i^'m n i??5n si?^ i m ffi citsfi? fiemf flcn i m i fmm
(fmf îfiH), n mmm imi i i f ? ? f itei i iit m-m^fei tm n ^5tc iimenitemim ICI fmm
tntf fiiem
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tlilUW
m r - t w f m r - i t m m i m t % m im i m H f m n i sr^t^t g t f i g f i m e n m i f a i f e ^ ^ l e n ntrr
ii)t m m m m i i w m r - ' m m f g ^ ^ n H f w f s i m mr f. I
% m i m i f t t ' S m i m ' Q it3im m f t w tarn snfba L. H. Weir {E.V)fm^ "^^^

t t l t n I 'Smf^H (5. 'Smft) mCiHW m m mf3RI ' ^ f p ^ ('^:,^^) 8 n r H j i ^ mm ^< s^
imt, m<\M m t w f m mfSra ^Hi m R r n I ^ CI H t i i i 1 C t f i % m i l T , 1 3 S ^ S h 15
stfmmt ttwT cmrm m m m mmt f m
a j c B f
IS i<^s, 1 m t m m f m'mm j _ _ j ^ - n stmi i H m
t S t m m i f m t s j i H m e t iirbrci. f ^^Himilf msimmT
I t m t? t f t m s ( m m m m ^ m t n i H H {> f ' i - H ' ^ ,
ten, jjj_Jaic I ^ l i l i j j l i_ j-t1f^ i m e i f H H m !.>
m m mmf m'mm i m g 'j a ,î/^^^;-_a'Li" <,
iC!.s>s>A^ m c ^ m , ib-br^-c mrrtte? t i H m t t m i
i ^ t f t g f m f ? w t i g. ( i ) f m t i , HT-, 8 t ,
' I t f
Jl f i m m c n t ^ f ^ m m r m i mmf? Ht|mm^
8 i - 8 8 ; (-^) t i m r Htm, H q ' i t f "i-'mtt t m f t f c i e n m i i S h cm:t i m ' m ( i ) f l i n t n m m ( i )
mfst m t H ? H m t H f ? , it, ife^ss t . ; ( v a ) tmi'w-fi m - i t m i c n C I , H i t i tn m t m (?) i m , tn 'mmti (m)
HHmf, m - i f m , - ^ 8 8 ; -a-(s) f ^ t m t i t i i 2t%s m m S t f f H c^ mm ( H ) - c i H ^ i m e i twmrt i f i m ;
i t f i ' i - ' i f H H i ' i - m H m H ' i - n m 'mrt m n H ' i - t m m S ^ fH i f i m , Sft i'3i l f l J I t f m m m m c i m
m H i - n f t n f , c}, tea, m e m iîfe-î/ifeoi-s i m g . mm 1 ^ I ^ 'tfii^JH f m e i fwmrr i f i c i f i H i m , Sm
((?) m [ ' i - n t m ' m r - m m f i r ' i t H ' i - m H H m t m - 1 ^ m m i I c i m ^ r n i m m m m m i m ie? i ' m f tn
H f H m , m - m H ' 1 - t n t f c , mrnn', W i t . , (m^ i^-j^fe m f m i m (?) tn.'mimi (m) ^te i t i t i m . ci, f%H
1.), i > b - b - 1 f m m t m i - n cmfe^ m - ' m t H t i t m r - i m , t f a # i m ScfiT;5ti m ^ i ( t n ^ttm, m i f i i
i t H H m m ^ mmei m?H= m m m wm f . F. de f i m f i i . ' m f i , 8 1 . , f . (jbrfe-efeo) 1 t m i m n t (?) i m ,
Jong, Turuq and Turuq-linked institutions in
^.i_L '.ill, ^liji 'dJ^^ 'ttS.^H ^ l i t H ^ S w m f i
J I J I
19th century Egypt, H t m i f e i b - f , f . i i v a - i S i
'im'i f f i m i a l e n , t f f i ^ n m i c t m^ i r m m i i
iHHw f ? f tmtsFT^ m m wmg. ( i ) ' m f f m m , fti',
t m c m n m Ht f^ o 6 > ^ ^ "'^^ I '
brt, 1 8 ; (b-) m f i mrf, m m f f m-fi, t , -5.? mt, eife t.
m m t H i i m m c m i ^ m m i m l e n mm n m
; (fe) f m m m f i H i t , m f f i - S i m H - m - t m i , i t ,
ivav!) t.; ( i o ) m m . mfm-, f t i H m f H f i im, it, ^ f n n H t , ^ 1 1 f m a t f fisf f t H ^ Smr cwm - j i j
jjjj. i m m i m i o j - ^ i c = ' 3f ;sii "îH i i i
f
( i i ) f m m 'mif'i-wt^mi m i - i t r n f ,
h w i w ( i )
ie^, iibr;
m w t f i - H t t i f H f m H f - m , imem i i f e / i f e o i - ^ , f . i m , i ^ n r n f m ( i e n c i i i c H îfsî t f i i s i )
b t . n t ( i ^ ) ^jmrm m - m t f m-mrmtf, m i ' i - m ^ s m ' t f i f i m t ' m ^ t e i i c m '^z^Vj j 'd'jSo-"*J-!*
f m f H ' 1 - m i m , itmm, m. H., i . ^ i ssc^ 1 . 1 tmiH IH i ifsHi ^ f i mm, m m n m ^ti
. F. de Jong (E.I.^ Suppl.) /mwm c f m 'J^ + . m m<t'i I t f f ( 1 ) m m , ^ ^ - e ^ ^ t i ^
'^filU^ (uj) .-If) s ^ n t l t ? tHar f imtei ^^tm - l f l ? n m I tn"^ ^^ftfm ( 1 ) m m , tfifm ^ imicn
Seit?ttmeis H I I tn 'mm (H) mm, J J - C . I j .A ^ . A ^ j ^ j ^ ^ J ^
'tfii^Ji f t c ^ c ^ i f s f trm ' ^ n n ,

1^ <j!>io j ^ U t i ^ ^ 1
m n t m i m ^ e n m i i m m tfiifiti ? f l m n i m t H H ClH 'mmm fe5 f i i mftc f ' f i i c i ? 'muHH H f i ? ^

n%> m e n t f ^ m f ?" (vo s i b - - i f e ) i m f ? tff?t f%f%c ?m f ? n c?fwî? I ' t f i i f J H
mm?t S h mm i ^ m i M fm? i t m m <fiiH' mfic cicmtm, fw^ mn'mf? n i i i ^ H f i i f i m mr

Hmi'mtmn n i n c i ? i.'iim^''m'"(Hftifj^m 1 ^ ^ ; ^ ' ^ m f m H i - f ? m , ife t., ifev; f
n I sm H % H e s m n w h f . Lane, Lexicon, f .i.(? ^ ^ M - ^)' ^ " " ^ ^

^î8intStHS^mmmmif?^(Heinmif? ' m ? e n m m e n , m ^ ( ? ) ? m fintF'-
( ^ ) m m i ,
H^rnHH-^-mm-^ Hrt?fr S t H S ^ m m e n m i f ? ) S ^ W (^) t m , i ^ i <î-tHwi ^ mm^ i ^ v i
i ^ ? i m ftmei H ? f n f i e i i m f ? n t t f t m tti i t f m (?) :>L4L - n mttim ?m, ^ i ^

^ i H ? f ? M f i < > n f , mm? n m H t l ( c i m c m ie?t^ I t e i i m m (m) m m , tf%^ ^ imti
vsi^f?<Mc?< t f t 'feti^î^mfcn?
I C i H Sftei ? ^ ? H 4
H I I ^"t^ f f i i i e n i f ?H?tef f w t f f i t n ^ ( ^ ) - n n i
i i mm i m mi i e ? t m mm f i f i t tm w m n tmt i m r s m , i t i - r n i f i i - m n f , i o i . , ^^^-^vs;
i f i ( i f
â firm cmii m|^)

' t l i i f i - f c i t f ? t?fi-wtv3f, irî mf?
i t i H - m i f ? , b r t . , ^. f - ^ ^ c ^ ) i
tiitf fiicm
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Contents
tlsl^J-l fb-i
tnp Ittw (?) t n ttf? (?t) ^tc ?fm ?5en, ?if<i?ik fitm cmifi atf n m ? f i i t m f i e i , fH mm ^tH i #
( I t ) t?m icn, cicmoftt mif? ?tnw? ' i m it?t ficn nt ffma cmm atH 1ft I n 1^ ?ift? '^tm itci
Stt:? St:^ I tf[?t lilt i t w i Sm m 1? tm atitit fiici? fiH icim^ Sm fiH mte?, m crnimii
?5c?it I I W ? ititf ? t ^ mtn, c n t nrnmrc%n i n mftei fte fte i f i if?e men, mt m mmei itm
m'ltiT m R , cm?t I t m ?tm 'mnm i??i^ m I f i i t m mm? cflen \ ii cie?imii (Sim
ItH mrt^ ?tm mm? 1nm tm 'mn mn? mi itfn cic?imiici) i m , 1^, i f Sisi fiH cmrnm f i ? ^ itfimn
Hi m I mt cmnt mftn Hr#n itt i cm!?^^^ mc??5 ifmfn^tc !n'tfrmifieiitmf1iiiei??if'if:n
?tm 'mn itm S'te? Sc^ i mmt tmci ^ m m;?? i fiit cften I. f f i m mftei itm cmitm mm n ^
I W ? muf m'mm is|f men c n t n fmt c%n i ti i?itimf I t f t m m u m itm icim^ i f n ^ mf^
mtf m'mm mficn St?tc*fr?cn, cmnt mmitm mici? n I n f f i m mmei Hmrt i m , ifci? i t i ? i f , m?
i??i=i m mH mrt? itm? m n H m i mm ^ît ?tm ifci? i t i ? i f ? n cie?imii ?m, tftei at^ im jtl
mrr? ifH? m r 'mn 4i??ic^ i fmtt m^ci 1? I Ci ffim let f l l , (litn mmei^^ m 0 atcf? Svsc?
ftn ?ti I (itint mff iti'i m'mf, iî., t(- brs-v*) i CI ?fie?, i f ^ cm iHm fimn 1 cmitm f i ? * H itei mt?
m'l (?t) ^5tc iff mn, HH mn, i n ?if mimf n tftm (ffiiii) ifim, fmw mftei mm iwmii
cic?imiiflien ?if itm m, n siHH mntci? tn%2)t^ fiHm cmien fiei itm mm ^titn 1 m m mfim f j
cicmTmii mftcn ifmft n i m^rnntcicftfnt i n ?if 111^ mi, tm f i i ^ mnm cie?imii i t m i w ^ itm
i i t i t n mit n n nti cm:?imii mm 'mmtm 11^ mm, mft? '^tm m itim mmm fiei 1 fH mtf?
m?c mn n n m;?? 1 m ^ 'mmtm mmmei cntcm afH f i l l f i c i , fH cmm afH f i i i 1 n Smt mft?
n I (mw, % b-4) 1 mf ntnt (m) ^5tc iff, mfîtf ^5tm Itei n f f i i fiitfi i m m ff^ nrne? nt Sft
(m) t?m ?m, i n îmt? cimm ? i f ^ f f i ? n? itm m cie?imii i f m n m fici 1 n mmm ?m,
mtm m n , n ?fic? cimtm, mftcn tH mmf itci? it f f m tm ! i?eie? Smei c?i??imii it?t m mfi?m
f 3 ?t? ^tc Itci, tmt mn mHm Sifis n.i m i M i m fiit fi^tn 1 (tm mit^, itffm, i i . , % \oo) 1
I f mm ?mi t^ ti?t ?m, " n i mmf m'lni? ?fi tfiifi-^ mei f l fiQmmH m t n ' i t f i ? (m) ^tc ?ff
mifimc? fici, mi-mfim fici, mm-Smm fici 1 n fH ?m, Itnt nm? i f i f i (m)-i^ ift w?n itntf?
?if ic5f 1C1 mft? 'sstm mn nt tftm ift Sicn fici mtm cim 1 itnt i?m fiit cnti; fif n m
^fim m iit?t i^ ?if C111 ifmr ic? mm ^ffici f 1^ m.im mi mt I n ? i f f s i i f (m) ifim cim nt 11ms
ittm IC I cimrmii fwmrr i m , tm mm f i w mme? rm ireiitei ifim cim m itmm mm iff
îjmf ?if ? n 1]^ m m ift i^ mf^ m Scii im ? f i ? i c i (ifrt fimi) I n mffitf (m)-n mc mf5
n I (tifi mmf, m'mfifi f?m, n , (fife) m i l s f l l , ?m fH ( f i f ^ i j f w m iit?) itfte mi
I f f imm (m) ?m, ?iff?it^ (m) ifiitm s f f i itftefim I isn fH w i Semn ifim nt ifim s
mf%? fiit cic?imii Sifi n 1 iH ci irfl^ cmt? mi, itnf?fiie&m irm^tc mitf m 1 fHSff ijt H
cmimn i m , mft? ^ m , cf iHsj cicf mtfntft fm? ?fim I tn ?Picii, ffii mm m ffim ifi
ifi? mi! mfn ^ m atitm itd nt fitm iî 1? if?e nt mime? fiei i i n ^?tc itei, n rm
fi-iiH fitrm nt ctm sfH atf nQm?fim c? cmifli fi?it imti ^5tc fcn 1 ccftmfifit n n cic?im m m
mm I 'iitc?mftcim^5tc I t f i c ? , mtmsmmH?'^ i m , mmm ici m^ c?cfif? mm f t e i nt cmmte?
mci I msn Sftci mtitm fici Sf^ im mi, ^ n '|Hm n ?ii citif l t d I tftm rm fiit ^tc ijftfm fm
ci^m n mm mr mtitcn mn nt fw^&iit im f?, SH mm 1 mgn ititfi iS rnntti ( i t ) mm f i i e ^ mm
C I ? cicmtmn mm, i f i 1 n m mi, itifim t cf ifiaint mm Ht?m fiit ifim mm, cf i f i ? ?if 1 mft? ^
mi I t f t ifi? cicf ffci! atm 1? atitm itci nt fitm m intf? i ^ icmm f i d 1 mffitf (i) ?m, n
iî 1? fi-itH, f i f i i .cmm atH atf nm?Hm c? mm ?if mfn ^m itn, em m ^ste itH mft? ^m
cmi% mm 1 ^^mc? m ^tc itn, m^ m cit itntci I t e i (ifrt ifcw) I n I t i t f i iS Sftd i f l ?5m nt
Sif f?, itftt: ititf iftftcn I I t f imm (m) mm, n fê? mi fiew? fte men m nt n i i c i w i
mffirtf (it) ifimm t f i i m i n f f i itiw mi, ific? cic?im I t f i m Sftd i f l i m n t Sftd mm
ciciimn mm c?if mi itm mm fiit mm nt ciTifif ?Tcn 1 n Sm ê ffife att^ i w c i t i ^
i m , (c^ m 0 mH? ^^tm im itmf? Hftfn fi-it%. l e i m fi-tei? C i t i f mft? i r e i 1 ?iff?iif (m)
t. H. (t/O'b t m f Hicm
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Contents
m R , Sftd itm 1 % f n f t t i û:? Sik rtdi nt m t ' fim cfen I "mwrn (?) i m , mH itffn (m)-ci 'Hntfi
Tftm <dR (:irarfT#ii fimt cffm, m mftm fwmf fimm'-n m n ? i imei fw-saim ifici S ^ ffi mm,
mn, 1^31 m^ mfii ? m ffim ffnte^mfTd c r n n r n fintfi fitft' dim n fwfim ifimf^ i e 5 1
CI m %mfi mm ffi m f i , ci imm icm S ^ mm cie?imii n ifim, cf i H i m i mm? i f i mm,
ffi ifnt icn, tft i f d i fst, ifcm? ip^, mi, m Tmt i i F f f i m f t m C5C? c ? f mi 1 n mitf m'mm tftm
mftci itm i n mimi 1% cfm (^^t^ti ate^tm ^fic ltd m m itf% ^^c fiff? liiiH cmfmf% i ? m m i
uHci) 1 msn tmm mntm mn ffic mm, m ifim I Sfi?t fim m%tef j fjL'i 1 '.i < j 1
m i f i mftm mr nm ^îfim cim mr 1 n i f mimm
^ _. . Vi (in's icf,.fmn it'cmim îsjim^tt'mei
't%5fftn) m?te I t f f m 1 (tmi f f f , m i T - f ? i i irnn,
imfi cicmîi ifm i-mtitf n, Sm Sim mim
I W , m, m ffim i<si mim i w fim cfcn 1 i^t m b-1., ^. 8 8 V ) I t n mrnw (?) ^5tc t?^ fifi? (?) mitf?
mf oj-^jii 16 j . ^ - ^ ^ ? ?jtijt atie^ ?"Ht i m , ffi ?m,
mitf rmm mm g mm mm? fimm tfMtn fifiw Htfim iHH mmen Jntistt^ cmmim, i n mmm i t i
nt mrnci (tm mtm) i f n fimtit itm m^s \ c m m t fim f film 'mn itm ifigm i^m, n tfH mmen
mfi mftmd i f i ^tc fft iHmfl n t i f m ficit Jntjstt^ crnimn f m mf ^tm m 1 m ^ 'mn 1 ^
lftcnci inf m f n i msn l f l ^5tc mfi mcnci ititci c % i i ign cimrmicn ifci i i m i t e i ' i m
fim f i i ^ f i i (ftim mc^)-1 mffitf (m)- mm, fmt f i f i i f i im mr (itw) 1 'itn t n mrnr (?) mfii t n
mff? I f mm cic^ fimtm cim f? 1 m s s n tm fimt 'mitm (?)-n feat iHt i m , t n 'mim (m) mm (m)-ci
^ttm cic?im mm n t i f t d Sitm mm, m fftm cti-LLc ji^vj Itmemfmimcifw^
mmd fwmrr ?m, cmm n ci ? n c i S ^ m, mm i f i n I S ^ f ^ ifim, ffim ?n fft? n? mtm
n mitf I msn tfim fwmrt i m , cmm f i f i ? n I t c i iflit im ff?::f im f i i t Sif^s n, n cic?imii
CI ?ci, mm f l ^ tiiti! mm tfim mmw fwmn fft? n? ici m ime ciom iîm ?ten m 111m f f i ?
i m , cmmm i r m f i f i catfi f t ? i f l c i H ffi ci ? ci S ^ fiftfi n? I t e i 1 ?n ffi? n? itei, n fifiimii
cn, ffi mitf?"?tfi (f) I fnt? rftm tftc4 f w m t tm ? i f i m t i m n t ?fie? cic?iTm f i i t i f i
i m , ffi tm f i iHm w t f i c Itfici f c i ?ci, mfi mitf? i m 1 ?fie? .cie?imii mmei m n ? l e n fiir?f
. fim ifmH I mssn f m i H ^m mHmH n t frnci i i i i i m 1 ign mm ? i f itm mmei memi i m 1
ijmf ?fim f i i t i ifimff 1 n mimm fn ^5tc n m ifHit?ien'2nBi^ cie?imii mm me^'sfic men 1
citn emit i?m, mm mm im ifimci 1 fmt mm meiei mftei itm i<si mtei cften 1 ign f m t
mj cicftc? nft imi fintm i t n t mmci c m m i c ? (?fie? c?FC?im) mfrei im cie?irm ifci men I mmt
nft C i t i t i imtm i f a 1 ^^m! mm w m cmfic? fici mm i H cmitm f ' m leim i m m, ntffmtfiewmt
nft i ? w f tfim IT'S ! ? i f f s i i f (m) mm, n mm i f f'm i f i e iten nt i f i e iten, c^ mtf i tH cmm
l f l mm I m?i m m i f i n mHmH 1 mim iiw m m
cmmtc? f i - i t f % cmmtc? citit mfic itci n t mm 'imrnm cific mt I n men % ^ c mm 'mmtm
wm tm imjftfm i w i i ^ if?m cmt mt 1 ir^fitf S ^ im ^ e ? I mftm Sfte m m mi fifim fim nt
(f) mm, m o s n tm fiit n f='T? C 5 f t m f i f i t fc?f ^ mftm mm 'iiwi'ititi smw ifim 1 Sfmt fim itfimcf
fiHfw mfw mn n t mftci ?ci, cmrnn ifft m i f i c ? o ^ ^ i a . ^ j i T . j ^Lis (Sfrfgff irnitm i mfim
m fwfim fitm i f i 1? \ >it fimmt ctmci mm m i f ? iiHmstT^ mmm sm smw ie?. 0 itme mftm 1
c m a m ftm f l l I n C I mfttd fwmrt i f i m , ffi ci f i t i f - f n = i imn, ^'t-' 1- 8 8 S . ) i Sfff-imm (m) ifimen,
cmm cBftgf cm mfim 1 c B f t m , mtcnmf m ic?i futm, m t m itur ftire? cicfie? cgf HftH .^tc? 1
n C I ?ci, mfi crm cn mm i n ci ? f i c i , c^ f ? i i m ftfiiei ?m ^ e ? , ifc m n t itemi
mmf ! fimi men m ! cf miif \ Hmi men 1? 1 cfif?e' m 1 iH C I f u t m n fmti fit^m ic? im
mifffim I t e n 1? mftc mH mm ifim ^ m m 3tei C I c?efte? nffmten Sic? itfie? 1 iH ci f?itm
f i e i mte itH ( K f t t n, fiim's, c?eîf i m mmmf lefi fm's?t ie?, mm ^tei cmfic? ifrten Sie?
lite ItH) ( f i i i t , f. 5>8^) I 'mn t n imn (?) ' g i l w i k mm m ttc? I m iH mff f ? m fm'?t ie? fft
(?)-n fcaj I t f m (m) ^c ?*fm i m ci^ fH iHmen, ^ d mm: flltm ^tc? jti if cmfij? left^ i m 1
m ffii mm ? i f m im mt - ^ i t t f f e i itm i n f i f i ifiien cif cntei cfffic irfmmi m 1 (mi
mitei memi im f?, n ? n t 7 i t crnimii mm f n ^ im^, V I . , f 8a-o) I t n i f f itm (?) iHniif
ift f i f ? . m i t i iwmic iten.i m s s n f?, "s^f, tn'mn (m) ^te iff im,HHiHmen, tfi#nrfm
im, 1^ 's 1 ^ m ? i i m3Fi if?m fintfi fimm' i w wiiiiiiHmm?i?ftmef?tm?imfim tm1|fim ciem
?n fmm cii^ SH mfim cim w t ^ n Smfi ^tm
tntf Hiem
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Contents
Alr
^ I W t ? Wt^tTOtfttt CT, t l M M f w ? m^ ff?5 t t c 4 w t ? c?44t?e^ ? I A t f t # e ? W A ^ ?5e? TO? c?eAte?

srtM ( R R C ^ T I ? (afta^) I t ? ? W t f tr?]?t (?) t?? ?^ TO 11?^ ^ttfSTR ( ? ) - ' i I ?ftF3??IA-C W t A t t ? ft^STO
^ft (?t) ? ' ^ ?SC?? CT, ftl? ?ft?tr5?, CTCAtCo ftîs, W^Rte? ARt Atste^, cttRtAtt?, t ' M ? ? I A c?eAtc ttfte? Rt i
W ? 5 ? ?Jt? '9?5ft csfrtftOTrt? 1 ? I a t ^ ?5?T A?I, CWJfftft TATEFF? ^^tAlA'S ? I A ftstRt t w ?5?e? W1?^ ttfte?, 4tAt?
ftr??f ^'sc? ? R t A?i, 't%#??tftrff? m^ m w '^c ? I A ? e ^ Rfe Rtt? ^4tftc?, W T ? ^4tTO ^ wroc?? ^jRte
A T F T C T I cAfe 4 t t , ?TA?t ^ftste ttft?t wte? Rft
W ? J 4 C T ^ ? t t c C ^ (art'S'^P} I ^ ' ? W t R wtÂt? ( ? t ) Ate
R T O s ? T M R C ^ , tAfetT? ?;At wte ?1te?, WT?.?tAt?T
?ft, ftft ?CR?, t ' M ? ?iA A t ? ? s ? A ?5?T AS, <l? tAte?5
# T O C?teA A T W I ' t t ? n : A , tAtefT? ? I A #?rtet W T ? ^ ttfte?
R t ? t Wt^tet WtMAt 4?t AS TO? t A t A W?T W t ^ l l T O ??Wt
TO? AtAtAt A CRtlAt .tCt b(t?tCA, tAteti? ? I A C?t??T
tftst (W3?t AS I ( m ? t T t t tAtCTs "^t W t ? R I WSt?
ÛC?t WAit? 4f?e? i (WR T ? 5 f ? 5 R TOtAtf, i o t , , ' J . A A ) I
lAr?t t A t ? R A ^ A ? , W ? 3 ? tAt?t ' W t ? ^ t?^ ft?t I
sr^t^r 8 ( i ) RtRtt, WtR-^5TO, it., % Ao, t.ft.,
tAt? t ? 1AIWA W ? T 'Wt?rt? % ^ C ?TfA? AS
Wt^-RT4t?RPT-Wtt?tft?Tt CiT^SA^, t?; (A) tRtR tA^ RtWf,
mx lAn: CRAt AS TO? ^ A f C ftAtAT!? ft? ftTO-ft?nt
WtR-tTO, 'J. i o 8 , t.ft., RT4TAt^ WftAlftAt, ()
Ate ftfft? CAtA? Alf??t (W3?t AS I CT5e?tttt tAf afJ^
tRtR WtA-Tj??^ R l ? ^ , b-t., ' J . 8.8b--88S>, i i S )
?5e?? I i^r^, w i A 4 t ^ ^f?wl?, i J s t . , % iJs'i) I i 8 i 8 ft., Rt?=R ft?5?, '2??;; ( 8 ) ^ TOt%tA, Wt-PFf?^R
^'JJA t ? A i T S A c ? n n A ? TOAtf, iot., % A A A - A A T. ft., Rt4TAtCS AffftAf, fCA^t;
'wt?i? ? A T O T ? ? ^ ' ? ( ? t ) ^ê.?ft wteA, '5'fte?? ?iA (e) 'WttRt W t ^ , . ?i5'R-Rt'Wtf, i e t . , ^. b-8-b-e, t. ft.,
t t f Atst c?eAtc? t t t ^ ifftpst ttfte? i TOT ?'=ftTs wtr^, RT4t?te? t r o t M t , 'g;RtR, t t f t ^ ; (ib) WtR-Wtft'
^"fte?? ? I A TO^ t t f ? ?eAr A t e ? TO? c?eAte? ?5R ttte? i ft WTA^rfsiR ^f?Wt?, iS)t., ' J . i J s ' ^ - i J s b - , T. ft., WTR
c^m e^t? ? f t t At?t apiiATO ASCT, ^'ft?, ?nft?TOêro? I A Rt41?t^- t^^ft?l)tA, 4rse?t; (H) t?? ? t f t ? , Wt-t?#?I,
?5?e? ttfte? I ?iiî?iK (RT) ftRTero ?wfe (wt)-c?5 8t., eb-J-eJo, i 8 A ft., A o o t?,TOÂ t f ^ , ?st?e?T;
t A t ? TOC? ATTO? TO^ ( R M t e ^ ITOftte?ftftt ? t t A
(b-) t r o ? t t ? 5 A f ? - W t ? ? t f , Wt-t^pf?5'R-^tf?, i t . ,
? 5 e ? ? , CT A T f t s WTTO ?s?e?? t t e t ?tttst WTTO a t f t W T
'J. J<^, 8f R ? , i 8 i \ S ft. R t W t ? f 5 R 'WtRtft'R-t?Rtft?TT; (S))
catAt ?5e?, W t f t f A t fte t i t I WT? CT T j e ? ttftAt W t T O
5AtTO tA=T W 1 R WTR 'WtRtf, T?Ff?5 Wtftsj-Rt^F, S)t., }.
a t f t W f cafAt ? 5 e ? , t A t W t T O ANE^^C'ft^TCAt AS I WT?
iA'l, \s? R ? , i^Jfo t i S i i ft., Rt?5 tsT^st^nt '??tft'R '
A'ftt? wtft?te^, ^'fte?? ? I A ttfte? tfMte? wt? ^^tfte?? ? I A
'Wt?RF, fAa;; ( i o ) T[AtTO "Wtf W T R - R t ^ f , Rt^Âf?'-
ttfte?-f>i5lw I l i t ft?l?sft? Ae*(T t t < t t f ? 4 fte?tst tRRft=
TtRft, t., i R R?., iSoib ft., iJsb-ib Rr4TAt^'R-ttAT^,
AS 1 tAt? R T s t O T ftTO ftteA R ^ ? ^ S ^ t e ? ?ft
ft?t?tft? Re*(T RT5tRT ftTO R ^ iiltfC? CT, '^lARe'i? ftRtt?5, (ii) t?t^ "Wt^f, R t ^ iltAf?, ^ ' t R f t ^ - ^ % ,
?;CA? W ? ^ 1 ? ^ A t R T % # e ? W A A t R ^ Wt4tet t T t f t e ? A ? f t b-t., % AAA, i R R ? . , i 8 i 8 ft. i J J 8 t?, R t ? ^ f^'^
A t f e ^ ?ft Atste? I WT?. Atft?riT? AICA? t t ^ A t R 1 R # R I T I R S J F , l^m; ( i A ) wîwt'?n? ^ A t ^ t ^ w t f ? wt-T?tf
e? ateT?s *CA?t tAT^ 4 A ? t W A ? R f t R T O ? tte4 I W t ? W t f t ' ^ ATO, i S i e ft. iS.Je t s TO^ M?, '2??I, C^TTO?;
T A T ftte? tAt CTOR w t ^ t'wtRt Wte?? I lilt R t e r o (i^s) WT^ 'Wtft wiR-?tiiR t A ^ R AtRtR-WT-1?fft,
ftjfte tAt R 3 A CT, {RA '^Jl'^tt? R A T O CT R t ^ t M , I A I ? RtWRt'^'R-ATO f t tîFfft'R f?WtR, i o t . , AA R ? , iSb-b-1?,
RTste? W t ^ ? T WTAt^Te?? CT ^ CR t l f t c ? ^ C t t 4 ? T i8db-/iS.b-b-, RTg^ R t f t ? t , t??i; . ( i 8 ) >pftSRt? t A ^ t r o -
^5tC? I C R ^ A L ? W l T O ? t ? J t ^ t R f | ; ' 4 R c t i M , CR t??l?4tf? WtR-'^Wl?f, WtR-^'fAt^'R-t=Ttft?TtA, b-t.,,i8ie/i<J8 Rt?^
R t ^ fte ttte? I ^[??n?-Rf%?? ateig? CR TOIA ftc R A R ft^, ^??i; ( i ( t ) w r a ^ A t R t t t t f , 4 T ^ t ^ , 8 t . , T.ft.,
Ate? I wi[git wt?>G R t A t fti.^f?wt?-Aff^ A t A t afsftR wte^, Rt4tAt^'?I ft^, (iib) W l R t ^ - f R RtAtSt, WtRtRTS?, T.ft.
^RtA?t^t ?Rt TO CT, ftf?fR (Wt)-TO W ? ^ ^ AtR 4lfRft?TT R t t c g f , -b^. ? t W t ? , TT^t, ( i a ) t # R ^4tîRtf,
WIRTO, ft^ ttft ftft ?1^[^[alA ( R t ) - ' i l ? RttetT wt%rt %tft R f W t f t ^ ^^?Wt?, A? R ? . , iJb- t? R r 4 T ? t t ' ^ ' R t f t m ,
^tC? TO? t A t iilt 4te5 CT, ^tA'G R f ^ f R (Rf)-iil? ^TO RtCTO; ( i b - ) ^ S A t f t ^ - f ? WtR-tpit? T ? f f , ftt4t, t.ft.
^ t ? ftft l A t ? A t ?tft?t ftc? I TAt ^ t ^ t ' M l ? ?iAC4 4lf>lfi|ill R T T C S F , TOt; ( i J ) t A A R I R ^ ? , ftRl^ 'WTTO,
Rtet Rtett T F T # R R T M AtvSAf. AS I CRttC? t A t A R t R i 8 A / A o o ' a , RT3^ A t f ^ , ?5rsc?t; ( A o ) ^pFot - ^ A t ^ t t f t ' ,
^3 wtteR? l^rai^ ?1? 4 T O t ? 5??t?-Rt^te??^.R's?teR? TOT RfWtttfR'f?WR, t r o t t W t t ? T # t , C?iS?R I .
TOC? car?t TOt AS 1 wst? ctTTOtT?c^ ?;A A f e ? wT?^ GSftS teR? Wtft
t?Rtf ftte4T?
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Contents
T N fb-8
bs 1 . ) 1 mtm icm c^(5jj_<>)mn iHimfe?i ciei

ITW* n i t , ^flfi irmief m f iiRcvsj * N t ; lilt I I C S F liiift ijf imf i m t f fiegn
i f w r m I t m 1im:=f mrm m f m:tj tnrf ^5tcei t n m f (a.)-iii? T 8 f "i-fntm 1 tft ^tc Sn
itmifmof ^ Hmmm R<iw5) ttffi iH i m r - m m f
n iwtf^ Wti i?it mmm ?fit im ftitei, fien
icn cmo-i, ' i t . (?, { f-), csti ( m m m ) ' t ^ ' I T E M ?J<i^ if i^H im?f m m (f.... .ii-û <<-.i_^
m n m iHcnt cm m cm ifn (mrnim) m i <<L| j . J>L ft' C l j - c _i <fJj 'Jj-JJ .jl _i "1 "1 1 Ml4 .> ,7i <i_LI
n t t n ?tcci c s f c n ntew iHm m i imffn m i ,

4 J x i ) i m tfa?f mf ^tc citfi liit ite?i i f i i f m
wtfiii, i m femfiiii (m-fint'), i i ^ , nen, n f
ie? n fw? leitmm icm mm en i w n mfii
srî n e n t eaten mn, if%mfw, mm m imem imi
r?itmfiT? ( i = i i L i i . i ) Se^n itt? 1 tft êei cm nft
mei I ' t n - n i ; w t fiiien l i s f H ste^ ^tcci
ifir Ifli'mf-pficn if itijtfiti irmf? i ? l t c? ^Hen
m-mftw-iiiifnimfi'i-tm' (nfntm, i'Jai-fe; mitti,
Sn FF% ifim cm if S i s w n 'ciifie?iei'?
imt. itifff, '5,>!s>!s-iff) I 2 t ^ itfcn nei i^rst mfit ic?
mff^ mm ite? 1 liit m itfH? itftfmi ?iie?m î/b-i
C I , lilt f n r a tf^'jei mmt t n 'tt^ m-mirft? Sif|fe
nft mcitnt n i m - i t i ' m f ? ie n m cmmm -v5?/fei imf? t?rf TCJF n it?te? fiiti it ifimfii
cnft fif%^ ?f?t m m m 2tffif?f? tme itiiî icn i c?, tmm Stifle itmfwi ffff, nft idt? fin
m i % f tmen aiw itmt^ tm fiw (^n, ob\r-\rb)-'^
ft? ?j?it n t fmn if cm mmfii cnm H^ F^
if^ ifimen i ^ît ic^ ffi irtm, f t c m e s F f n m r e n i t ? fif? im i r 3 iti? 1
Sff^s fimen i m-imtf tmm cm cmift? fneit iliffims-? mijci ' t i l ffirff^ iiraH n 1 tm
iHmen i m cittcii? J ^ 116ji__uJ I) if wsf,
t m l i t f i i 5Kiemii utut, t i i ^teei mntm 1 ^ 1 iite? 1 H 1 n I t f t tfSjc?? m?Tci m ^mm mm
cm I f m mfwei (m'fi) iftm f f i f i mitwt ( i t i - , ^te fw ^F^'^F^? wm ilifisf luti (^-^î 1 _,_ajji)-iii?if
xotit^Si) i i t . C I mfwi mnrm m ^ n Cmfii) ci iiti I C ? I 'mM lem"? (jî ) wm ite?ii?i
2ffiei^ tm.fiewi icm nft apft m mtieit ir^ ic? imn cm ^mf M F W ?t tm lem? fiei i i n n
mm ffm (mm) me? mr Sw mfwei c? cm f?rr fitttc t FH m? i m mm i s m 1 S 1 C 1 S F I I N T I mff?
^tc? I lilt ?nel tme 3Fi#|itf ^ (Itmf?) ?tmei, I t n f ( ^ 1 0 - .1), m F ^ (515 u 1,14-kui), tme mm
i m m m "s cm? ffm m?wr^ m i i i tm mm ? ^ f 1 ^ f? fffsf 1 1 I T I F I I I im (mtfw5'i-S>^)-iii? CIF^TRCI?
i f i i ^ * ^ cn i w nft mat miiitei m i t i icf (^. .) m (fttmt)-^ m?ici 1
i f i i n, mm imemf m itfici 1 1 7 > s mtme? m n i ffien wm t i l ' iiemf n f f ite?i F I I ifimi
I C ? I tft^tceicitm ( p , , , >ii)-n sff m m mim mm I E ^ 1 H 1 f? fimf f i m m c i , I F I F I itmi
(jji_a^) c? cfnitmf m'mm lit He^stffi?tt?fen (itm?m)-n mmfii ^cmj^F ftite? t m Seii ?ftmei
fm fiw I C I ititiei fft? m?Tci Citfi, i b - , ^ s ) 1 ^t f ? i t n ( o S o i ; 8 vsfe tJtfi) I ititf? wm iemwf?
m?cit I t f n i f ttcci i t i i f ? m 1 m i t m t f=n itmwt n t I t H iisitf? if mimm ? f i t iHc i?f? w
(t>-î)-n itm?ei stJi: I C ? , cm fHai, cm? w i , f # f nft iemwf? ' Q i mfi<ML-n iH?e t f i - ^ ?j?m
i-f? ,nft f f i H 1 % ? tnf tJtfi 1 i f i tm ie^ m m-ftitw (m-itntf, 'itfi, iô-ct) 1 ^ nf
fiien fimic cif cmi i e ? c?, (im) im (m n I cii n m c m ititn ?fme? wm mfi "sifim
mii') lit fift?t i i f ^ 1 1 ficitifti ( m m ) e?t icf, c m idt? I t n iffici f i f i ?f? if^tmfi f^
t i i - n mite Si| m ii(c4f^4t? wftim, mm itm-itm itm ift lef 1 tft n I F ? i n n I F
f ^ n i f i f f Siif^ I t im m ^tc? 1 mfi i^mien mitf? ie^, tme SieTI i t , S i 1 1 ^ s mt, c m c i f i i
icm m-itntf ^tc fiitt'1-fi tn'^-'ttf? i w n e n mm fstiwm icm msm IT?mHim immt ^ X R I
ie?T filt i m mm Sm iTi^ im m 1 ^ 3 R : I t m t f g ? ^te ltd I t i l I t t m f fien ît ^gmfiiti i n f i d
<tcci; ( i ) mmfii c i i (m^tim - t f ' ^ ) ; (^) $[ffr^ eros/ agape-*ii? IF*fififi n, fif tntei lit m?m
CmsfiiTf) C i i ( v s ) i t i t ^ (tiiltmi) c i i 1 iem?ilimftwfti?^5t?teitiitteiS\| cnfiem
i f f ? i n itft (it^^ît) mmm f i w ? i f % e f ? Si?f ^ i?f nim m 1 f i ^ itlH? ift itemi N T -^tci
mm fiwci s ^ if?e iHitf I lilt ifSnrnt, irm f i 9 oim 'mim^ti ?T?m m t m let, Smnnii m-itmf,
M I B C ? ? mrtf f i f , fiiwfi t m (fii-mm?^, r 5 f ? . tfi m?fim (?) ifcn ? n t ? f e i i ? f i d c u t m.
tnrf fiiem
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Sitm^t, wmtff, Hs tn'i-'întfH mte tm I t i ) I cieff t n f ? m - n ?nrtt t^ ( f i f tme

m^ m fttt sft?m S m 1 tm ^^^PTit mrf mei w t i f i i i " - n Simi m i i ? t ^^tirci), m m ?mt
5 } \ 5 i t s f m t ttfi -jft tm' <teei mffrr m i e 5 m ? i t e i i?fa I miten mr nmt iîeiru imt <tcci
liiiHMiSTCTm,m,wtrtg?r^ttim mei mrt nfit i m c? m mt? iit iie^ i f i f i i memnt i?r ^^tifci
i^tlt s (i) ^smtit', tomtit, <th t.; ( ^ ) T[fTm tn citafi? i ? i t t ^ ^m s t n tim ('^. 'bvsvs/iô^b iri)-n
ir%i, tim:'i-m?t, imt. NyW; () imirf, f i m Sffim^ m i - f f f - n fift?-n litift tfie^n ( i i , 8 < f -
'm'fi'i-mtifi'i-it'fi 'mrt'i-itli'i-it'fi, mrr. j . c. <f8); mi-fifii ir?^ f i t f i ' - t i - f i fi'i-itfif ( i i ,
vadet.mem i!*^^ (8) timtîm, mtfti-mtm-, \5-8)-n t n twfff fmr (i1?e?t i^^1^s/i!*<f8, >ai, cîv-
mrt. C. Zurayk, 'Jn ifeî mfm- M. Arkoun, !*)-n imtwfcn itfm; tf fg mi-is[?mf (m'fm,
Traite d'cthique, irlim ife-Jafe (<f) t n f i t , t i m ii) i H 5 1 ? . ^ Diet, of Tech. Terms ( i i , H'b'b-Ho)--!)
ti'l-tm,mr. Mehren, in Traites mystiques, fasc. i t ^ ? f i t meimt I
3, Leiden iiV!*8 f; (^) tn'l-^ff^, i'll^'l-tfHi, io(t-% t i f i i i s ^' i ? i T tf .tif%te? m?n ifir ^êi
i'^) tn'^-mtttn mr-wt^tnit, it^Hfi-ft'ifti, imt. C I , f f e i m ? ? ? ? ? t i ? i i i lit nfmm ?T?m if?ci itn
mfm 'Smi; (b-) tiitt'i-'fi tn'^-tt^^, mmf'- f^fff? ie m f - f i - n mfif ftift f t t 'it?^ iff?
mfti tii-it??i-mfti, imt. m^m 'mm', mieit ih^b- (?trmt?ffi^, "mfr?t sc? tftei tnfttfi ie?)-n ntitf i
f . ; (<*) L. Massignon. Interferences Philosop- t i j % i t i ^s m i - f i - n I C U Seiicitu imi (tf%im irfi)
hiques et Percees metaphysiques dans la I t f i f ( i m I f f ? ) meitif m i f i - n f i m t i f n t i
mystique hallagienne: notion de l"essentiel fti (mr'mifi'1-fit fiit'-tifi, f f i i , i i , o, in
Desir', in opera minora, ^1., ^^-Js-cM; (io) H. Rltter, iH-8,i2i io)-ii?iffomii?istf I f i t mrt nr mHm
Das Mcer der Seele, Lieden ife<f(f ( i i ) j . C. ntte? itflft; i i f ? - n i m f m - n ift s tm f i t - n
Vadet, L'esprit courtois en Orient dans les cinq mfen uwo mtif-n t i f ^ fif^ 'mfitfii
premiers de I'siecles Hegire, t l t t i l ihbb- [. i (fim t?f?)-n c i f i ^ mmfi (as Inacc. of the
M. Arkoun (E.I^)/mni I t e i verb)-n m I t i t f i i timft t fici tnt i c ? ( f . fm) i
twHm (g. mtmi) mifi, Ste? ?ff i l l (m i t i t f i i ) f i t , ? ^ iêw
t'tfwt^ (j( a -. ,t,i) ? mif m?et m ^ m^ fiiti l t d t f ? f 5 ) tieail I C ? I tlfmi t i - f i - n
t t t i s t l i i 1 1 1 mme? tm tiis^ tti^ l m ^ ' itm^'i-
mim? fimf n t tif tiHiti- fimfci mm Seen
m' ( C I tf^ i5fii) 1 tiT^t'i-m' 'CI f i i t t ( l i s w
cimte5 fieiwf i e ? 'Sfim fii. ., "tm ^^tc ' f f . . ."
ftcci tm m iT I
?f1ti i?r?1) m iHr[ (Lane, Lex., i ( f H i a ) s titntl-
^5tcei timi-t-iai I t i m 1 imttm I t , iic^ t t t i s t t w t n twft t i f i 1 i m m f i - n i e ? j m i f ? ir^jir
ief tm m H i t e i litiet fsm itic t t f m cn cm i r n i i ? ^ i c n m mimi iHc ^ ^ c i i i e i t i f i - n
aift 1^ tiff ^stm Si[w ^5tit te I m?t i^flt? i ] ^ ift i f ? tfimi immijf? i i t i f i - i a ? is^ ^ i?ic? i ? i
tium i T ? r f n t n i t (fimi-) timi mrr m i if ^t I i t f i fimn fmîti^-n i f f i i i tfffe
m*tiiitei titrnti- ntt ci m^ti m ic? m ^5tcei g i?m fie?^ fin fli c?mi imtf'-mifi ( i f f n atmf)
'mS' i t i f w i t i l mm' ( n n ^te i t ? -^titt n n t t m m f l l m-Hmt m'-titn^ "is^r ^
timî), mt i f f n i ? t m ift? f? tiftf? irfn i m ? i " I cm nft sfsH imf i c n mici nft i t ^ H i
(m-'^?wtf, mfm, i i ) i nr i l l i?f ^ nt i^fi nft? i c f (fiif) ?im m
m n mfi i i m titiH' mtei tien titeimt i c i i f ? i 5 f i i iftc mfffe? -^fl^ftict fitf'^ m '^t
f
? ^ it??ren, m-ffff (fft?, i i , oai, s-b) ir?m? (g. fimr?f), tfie^n ( f i i , î, oso ^ tficsn, (f(fi ( ^ i ,
m Sell 4 f ? ? i c n 2 mi-fitsni m - - i t # (f. iio/ivvsj 8>a>i}-8^)-iii? tic?mmi I lit m? mmm?mr iti-fim-'ii
mr), f m (f. ô-^Mi mi), m - m m t (t. îVvî i H 5 i c i ? m I t i t f i i 1T nt Sm leu t fifi^^
m), m-mimi (t. î(f/bA5o mi), mf mi'm-itttf Hfl' iflime? I f Ifnm? icitwi i j m i T f ? fli i Seiu,
(f. c^vsi/vs-jj in), m-f?r??ti (\ .^vcf/b-w i t i ) , m - i i ^ lilt m i^ ii^tei^ i m ? f m ? i ?tit nt itfei^ is'^fi?
(f. >aio/>9c^c^ I t i ) , tff'm-ir??tw (f. laiVfe^fe mi), tn I C I tfifs i?rem Stmits! i
n m (f. oî/<9oo mi), tn'i-m^n (f. oov/tssts m), f^f? tf%1t v s t i f i e i liiift Hite? f^c<)Mt
tn firm??; (t. ^sio/^vo mi) ^ m-?'mf {\ >av8/!*!*8 I C ? iii?t i e i ?5e?i tH t m fiw uei? ?nel t t i i ^ h ie?iwi
t m f fiicm
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t*!Mt4 f t f W T 4
t5jc4 -ii^ft AW Rn&3H<),CI i l w t csMt % f t o I wm-AtRfr it, AI, ^ I ) I W t R - t A t ? T O . t A l A T ? T'tt^ f?tTOT t W J A

(^. A8 V b - ' b i 'TOl)^ RI>al<['-lRfW-'il t r o t At^TOlA ^ T ^RILLT^'H ( R t s i R R f (f?RT?T) ( 2 f f ? W S ' ? ^ ; liltstR
^?tAK^ i lift t R f ^ t r o R ^ tARtCA ^ Wt# t R R ^ iStAt AtcC^ C4t? fsfRttlR? R f t R t 4 f ^ l A l t A t CTttTR lilt^tRA
TO TO? t A t W A A i t m f ^ t M B A t TO I l i f t ^ t tAt a i W t W % W f 1?AtA A T O 'Rl'ft?' ( ^ ) - i i l ? , R f A 'RtS-?t'; .'WffAR'
^TO1W (2f%RATlR TO I t A A ftft tAtA t l ^ l R l ' s C ' - (^)-iR Rft 'wtfiRt', 'WTATO-' (CTt?n)-iil? RIA 'Alt?4T' I
Hft4 wtR-^H#t ( R t t . G. Hoberg, ^ b-, ii>-io)-c t A l A T ? AftATt:? CT R A ^ T ' F ^ ' tACTOT R f (f?Ct?t)-AiCt
tAttR? T?^?Pft fAotet ?5RRT ^ ? A ^ A s f t A t r ^ S ftAt^, <1J<t*! ,AA Rt I ^ R f A A t R l ^ AtcCA t ? f ^ Hlv|<)lt>4 T ^ i T ? #
AtTOt, A1?W, t l f A ft-Atron Wt'S t f t t t A (g. t^fAlA, A t % P f , ' 5 ^ , 'Wt?RR I lilt'sfTO ttf?5l?s-, lilt R 4 R f?CT?J
t, b r v 5 - a ) I i14t ^T: TOTtAT T C T ? AT:tT S f t ^ W < t Rt
l l l l * f v3 t*tf4T4"-iilA ACAT ftiiJTO R t T j t T sfTOs? W[Atf TR?f A ? I ART AtAT ttCT^, A l % F t R?RtCTt A f M
^ f c A 3 wrwroAtA wtRgt ( R ! ^ t t t , t ^ ftf? AC t*i'lt*p At;: ( t R f t ft'StCTtW?), '^ffR ^ A f C ^ "RtRl?t'R-
\a t t f 4 T 4 ' - i i i A A C A t T t A RtTJtl T W T O I '^tRft^-iira catftc R T T O " (^? '5?5 ^ R t t^tRtC^) A t ^ lil?? "WRRtR %1 AtÎCA
ttfron^'-'il? 4 t A 3 = A AJ<IAlfi4tCA arfp^ A f e s ftft TÎFT? 'Wt?Rt A t E ^ AtAt "WTRt" ( t i t ? ^ A t ' S A t ) t C T O W R R t M t
R A t W t ' t A t A f t A t C ^ tAt l i l t t t T ? ? M t t A ; I ^ l A AA t^ 1%fft ftRt R l R T O A i t ^ ' T O I ^5?t? (Rtt A l t C ^ i ^ CT, ttft4l?5--iiR
l R f A W ftxAMt A ^ R M ^ ftAt^SATAA ^^lA? 4 l $ l f H 4 R R R R J t ' '5,T?t t W T t R?'5Ft^ TO? t A f t ? f ? R ^ t A i f t ? t? i.<l?sf5
R t A t A 5 T # attftR t t ^ ^ t C t A A i i l 4 t t C A TO? t^ffTOt^'-'im Atsj t A f tAfA ?itR?CA^ RC?T % t R A i tTf?Rt ?Tf3Ff
at TOTO ftft CT RA^ ^TOAt AJAAt^ Rsft^rtCÂ ( R t ^ t T O ,ft=5i^, "^[TT^ tA^J^" At ^R!3p1? R T O TO I W t ? t C T^ftJp
R4st^ lRfNP-'i|? R t R t atRltR A J t A R - 4?t A t A t C ^ ( 5 . 1 t f t " 4 , CT t C T O ?!?? FTT? ^RCVO TO TAR..?tfAC?? (Rt? f ? 5 ^ CtTW
T. Alb-, R t t W f ^ , ^ i a - A a S . ) I ll'f*p-TO A t T O l i l t TO Rt I t * r f ^ - i i l ? W t ? t t ? ^?TA?It.tt^SAt TO T ^ s T ^ ,
R 4 R % A t A A C t A ^ W f t T , f l R ,ftAtm,A t T O t tJtft A i t T M 4 f t T O 8 t , i8S>-<to-iiI? ^ftt; I 2tTRft?s W?Rft AtcC^ R T ^ T O ^^tc
affSpTO ^ ^ I F " R - ^ R ( C T t t R 4 A T ^ t R ^ ) - i i l A ^ T ? CT R A ^ }tt ftFAltiiATW t R TO? tro-iiR t t f 4 l 4 - R t f t WTC^fn>*fl
itf^ftRt Rt5 tAt tRt IW t A t t ^ t t f t < f l 4 - i i l lilt R ^ (t?^'R WtAAtft, fttt'R-t?RT5F, R t t . Weil, ftft S f ^ R? ,
^^llAÎCtA ^!?>TtT AtC^tS?ftlCT l i l R i f t A i t W t ? liWft ? i t I Ab") I
^tc ^ T A R t A t S l d A tAt 2 t R ^ TOt lilA? l i l t C T O I R f ? A t T T ? i5?T?IR tAt^ t%T|'R-t*{ft^T4' ( R t f . Wustenfeld,
R^SRt AA CT, tRft?5-iii? tAitRT|A ^ W t afftfeTOiîCA? ttÂtUSf? i t r a 8 StC^ CTOR W T 5 % Ctt^lRTSTA? Rt? R t T :
WR (Af?Af^ R t R & ) t f t R C * ( J Wf#5 ^ t A t r ? I l i l t t f A f t f t C W t C R t ^ 4 f ? ? t C ^ ( f t ^ 1ft tAt? ' s p j ^ t A i f t R t r (Rt?
t ^ f w f t tAt? S T R M tA=5 t A R T C T tAt tsftAlTIgR TOJTO-C4 I t A t C R t M TO? R t t ) 1
t A f A t r s C ? t S R T t t R RtCTST R ^ R H A - i i R ^ TO?.ftft lilt Wf?A 'SA?t?s?TTT CTOR Wt?ft RCTO C T O t t t t f ? t 4 FlJf
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t t f ?
-oi?i\si(^<t> n f ^ u o lilt utifni n mm amim itfi mei tfi mfnAstibo ntserdica ^^te itHfnrf
cmi tcmt?M 2tmi m mi m Irni-fttim-iiram: cmm lcil lte<iif|Paeonia liiltm tff nft oifff
n i t l ^ ttC^C^ f^RTttl I t s m (Sid gtu) I tif liil; m 1 mimtttim lem tm i^fi mi f l i stipion 1
I i m H n#c mfio mi ? limfci mliimd n t i n if^l mi1 tftd Stip ifi nt fffil t f d Ishtip mei
mn SB, nmo c? i w citeai liit tfiw(i- i ficitm IT ifft ifi 1 5 f i i im% tff fif Sin Macedonia-?
i m m:? mm iflmmc? ^ F T im m I tm mt tmt ntmr-iiti (Vardar Strouma i f ? i?I?T) Constantine
ftmt'i-tifmtm--iii m f infcf? Sn f irntmntimDejanovitch (Dragas) Iifi nft f f ^ iitifii cwm 1
i m i m m r tm ficnmri icmw% i Cirmenfm ( i i i ) : n ^5tc tm 'Siitf ifmien ?m
t i f m t m - d im fl s (m) m i - u f i (fg), i n mewj nt ii8 itei Constantlne-n ^ ^ ^ C 1 Rovine-
m i - m ^ i^g i i SflHi itwtir mifi-iiii mr, n t n fCff Sm <iiift IFJJWTL- (Kostand-ili-Kustendil)-<il
citfiis msmcf? ^tîniti i i ^f5i wm mf<f l i i i t m ifii mi 1 i ? i / I I 3 I I imfe tff F L I liiift time?
l t d ; tm <tcc^rnmtiit i f n t i - 1 (i) mi-mfi (ê,), (iitifii fisti)-n m , iii/cmi id liiift mt'
m mm i f "t ^ irm if l i i t i f i ^ ^ l t d Hf mifi-n (^1 = fim itsm fifi)->il? cig mm Sanjakbey-iii?
* i i ^ < ! t H iHi! ^ m, ift wtn 'Him ^c if Itfi ( i j . = U . ) - n iff itf3= fn nt tft? Voivoda
wrmt (wmm-'iii i f fm^) i (i) m-itfm ( 1 1 ^ ) m (iffifi) L F L mfi ^ 1 Stip tm ipîf liiitm
icn if i f nt l i ^ v ^ K f i i cmiHt itiH^ mi it 1 f f Sifien fim n n f n m 1' 'Ovce Pole' citf? fii
tifnmt I t f i m ' m n t n ^ nt tti mm rniiti itm Yuruks lilt m i f nf Itn ifimflistip-iii?
(micm i i s i i / i f e c f ^ , i i , e - i i m m m iô18/ife(^(^, . ^ 1 , mr-c H<bb f^tei fll liiitfiwi Odjak 1 ifimfiil F I I
i\5>o-fe)-iii <iit imci Itcitnt mimcn 1 tfi cmi m^ atm 1 1 t ? l f 1 i 8 b - i - i i I t e i Stlp-iil? Novkeric-iil?
ntfm ti1t m<mcf? w m itmrnfii n ^ i t i c m nrn-c I f i f i i ifimm itut fn b-,88 1 i i i / i i i id
miimm 1 SimmRi i?Ti-n wm s i?ii, ne? ^8ft fifii i m fn, tntfncn fS^ fii iiu 1
mms, I t n - 1 mm tiiim IF^ i f n m tm3 i i iti^
?j?mmffwj wHcf? cig ftitei liit i n f t mf
ifim FFI tm ^stc m cwm mmi liiift mi fimn
(Penknife) 1^ ifc? wm III fll 11131ft cn itm
ifimen s i t i - f f i ^m'l-fimm (fm if) 1 mn f i i
if S ^ fn nt i f m i t f i m i mwr i t i f , cin
mm fBmfim? ifw ^ urmmmi i f >fmfi; fif mm
nt fîwf smtfi if&Rti? nf fn 1 mwf?sfic f i i irf?
mmi imici mmt fm mmi ic? mt (f. t n f i ^ i t ,
I F F I , mff ntDubrovnik^5tc mi imtflil, Evliya
Celebl-? ie Carshi-c Hf? i l i i i f t cirm fn I
ii, 1 3 8 1 , in 8 v s 8 b - ^) I
imt s ( 1 ) iti-ifimf cit i n c i ^ iti- i n f t ? imr? itfiif? i m m wm f i i n f t Bezestan,

tifntf "f-rnim ffm? i m , m TJTFT icn C I T F I I nft miiM mft imt (Khana) I
m ^ f i f m ÎFMAF mftm mntw-iii I I T ^ F I fi 1 im
m'mn, mm Si| ftmc^ mi-m iifi ^stc (f. Diet, of m?ft fifii mff m ic? tm limifcn mei,
Tech. Terms, ii, 1 ^ 1 , isi ^ - 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) l 1 1 - t i f 1 1 f "l- ?m ?i N F W I , iiem f i m f m (irftm)-iii? N F W I .
iffr? iH-ip^-iii? ic?i I t f m fiiicn wm f t m , itw, Archangel Michad-n itm 'fm fiwf nfeei
litsH, cm imH tîf|i St. Eiias-n fiwt, wiiei?
i1i#t 8 ^ ltd ( i ) 'imm^ I T F I , m - t i f n t i , ?T?mi T j t f t mmi (citnitm) nt i i i / i i i id wtn
mem ioi'b/ifecf'is; tffiti>n m m?m iteitfi Fift Iff? imfi f f ? itm I iiimf 4c?<t>ft (%ii fiwto
cfffisti nt mf-d f f cgfimm tft itimn fSimtn f n I stip fll Kolassia-? f i i e n iill1?1l Diocese-iii?
m-n f f mHnfw ifntci; (^) f i n fi^ imf, m - n f t I t i r Cititi irfc m f t e i Kustendll-n fTcif?
tffwti, fn ifeisb- f, ficim fspmici tifiii--n eparchy-? ift 1tf3^ i H f? 1
m m nt c i t ic^ intf ^ mfnen ffi imcitnt^ iijavvs-fefe I t m fcff? n? iff? cntn tif? i w
fmf I cfm I Cititi imfe Amy Boue tif? if?ftd H-
H. Fleisch (E.I. V "^FTL^ ITCI \o,ooo f f , fieif? mff i*[ifi nft iff; mffwi
t'ffwt^ (f. mwfi) fiîmfci cifimflm 1 i v f e s itei? fieit tifi-<ii?
t*rf^( ._a.il) 8 Stip I t e n fcit1tfm Macedonia W N T L J T fll io,}i.oo frclf?, b r , 1 o o f f , broQ Hff (too
icmm i 3 f Skopje im?i ifî-iei nfô nft m 1 fwif (mm??), cmt ^ 0 , ^ 0 0 ^ 1
t n t f fifcm
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tiR>mf4?ji
5tlr!^ 8 ( i ) Neshri, fmoR-t f ^ m - f H , m t . Unat memien S n m t w H f m t t i f c n i m i i ifeii f S t e ^

and Konmen, ii, Ankara 1949, 267 ; (^) M.T. fcn i m ^ f i e f i H citi^ (Gokalp) - f m mjitHlcn
Gokbilgin, Rumeli' de Yurukler, Tatarlar ve iH i T t e i f f i i m i f ^ 1 1 ntwitf cftei c H i t e H i f i i i
Evlad-i Fatihaa t f l f l >>'h<t'{ %, Vi, ^^bib, o^s.; (o) t m n ^ e tfifi i t i p t (menwtm c ^ i f r t ^ ) i t f t w i m
XV-XVI asirlarda Edirne ve Pasa livasi, t ^ t f l f i e i t f i m S n cwm f i H f f iften i H w i t f m m m f t
is.(f^ %, idb ; ( 8 ) Kanuni, Sultan Suleyman tmit m t itfi if?e I t e n i giH n t f f mici cnmHi
devri baslarinda Rumeli, eyaleti, in Belleten, ^v
itiHi S i i i m f i m e i H i f i f e n i f f i t i f i i Htm
(ife(N}), ^ ( f i b ; (d) J. V . Hammer, Rumed Unel Bosnia,
i B H f t m e i i f i f ^ f i i i f i t m irmi ( m i f i ) - i f n
H e m iVi^ h^ ; {<h) Evliya Celebl, vi, iiV-ô ; ( i )
wtfimmf cim icm i i f w l t i t i c f g i m f i H m f l l i
Gl. Elezovic, Iz carigradsklh tiirsklh arhiva,(m2f
ihdo t(. ^ 1 , b'{,i^dd ; (V) I. Ivanov, Severna i l l fm^fci f ? c ^ imwi imwlt m i f c f < t f i f k n
Makedonija, Sofia ihob f ; (fe) A . Boue, Recueil W H f n S i j i i m ie? i ifeife f ? f e i H i f f n m mm
d'itineraires, i % i.8\r ; (io) V. Kaniov, Makedonija, f m i i t i i m f t c i fiffi i c n i ^îtm t m m m i im
etnograflja i statistika, Sofia ifeoo f , ô; ( i i ) D. n . f f i H w f t n (ffci c i n t i f i e ^ f i n t f ) n t m t ^
Sopova, Iz carigradsklh turskih arhiva, Skopje, t m i i t f i i H i t c t t H n I i^t n H f i e m i i i i limSi
ihdd, i t , ^ ( f , 8 , dd, db ; ( i ^ ) P. Zavoev, Grad H H C I ? ( f i i e n W H fifs ^ t t m t c i n m m m ^ ie?
Stip. Sofia i f e 8 o ( i o ) Bibl. Nat, Sofia, Fonds CI, ifeî f ^ t e i i i i i f i e i f t ? - n litiH H H i f t m i w i t t i t
ioH-s\ ?1% i H t ? ' S f i t f m e n i f i - w t e n ? i im i , o o o - n itftitH c f m i f i ? mrfi cm^fcn - ^ m i i
Blstra Cvetkova ( E . I . ^ ) / m f 1 Hei ieg? ife^^ Hif-n w r m s i m t i f i i mei t ^
^lf%?fr^ (f.m^sHlt) im f i f f ^ i f c i C i t m I
:\j " ,7,1) s t f H m ^ t e Si|, fiHîimei miii f I f i f n f f stfii f n

mmtPt m , it*(Hi m% mm mmea? m < i n i iHwft n (ffm tifsc f s i H c i t i t i f i % f i m f ) i
l e i n ^t ie< i t i n îftti i m f i f f m m i w i f f e f f imen m n i f f l ig^ti m e n n f t i t i k n
t m m H i t i H m - t mi^smr, imef i m H i mitmH i H s j m t f t m ifeife ' f ^ t m c i c t ^ tmi fH n i i t t f i i m e ?
tm ^5tc Sv| ^ i t e i t i H m f ift't n t w o ^ i f r n t l i l t ? i f t i i e i f w i - n f i m - m f S i imwmen i f f
t i H m f i m m H i i f f m m i i H ^mi m r ie m m i c m f m t f i i f l i n t c f i f i t t f m clarfe memn
i f n c a eiiiiRi^ i ^ i m ^^te itei i m ? f m m ^tc tft t f t e n memien cmt m n i iH i fif ifeô
'ff ^2êi t H ^ mneiimjef I t f i i i P m I t m m i tmfcn f i n i f % m i f i m n t f % ? n tft imfimei
'Sfitf i t f t w j 8 f f e n . l e u imii m i e i i c m itci if -n i n H 4 i H i t f i i m f ^ . iHm i i t i
m i e n f H n iHti itf? c n ite 1 c m ifeov i f i ( m ^ ifeô I t i i w f i f f i ; ifeî ^te ife^(? 'fsn
f ^ f e n H ? t e n n t >^t f i i c i 'Sfitf i f f t w j c i i i t e m n t i i i Aydinlik) n t f s t tft m f I t e i fmm i m i i ' i
n i i I H i n n , fmtfi, f i e i i m c i m r f iitwlt m e m n f i i c i i i m f f i m i f imf H H I C H W H i f m c ^ i i l k n
f i : ; n i m f m f i i i t i n f e i S n i f cHit?f n t i e i f f i t c i S n f t i t e i f&ff n i ife(?fe mei mm f f i i w tmfi
m w m m I n m t ^ I t t n , f i e i i m e i HffS I I H f i f i t Itikn m i . i t f i i i f (fiim) f i m f f
i i t w l t i f i R i f f i i f f f c n m ^ . Hwffe f i w ifiSfi%memiemiwiftf m m i (ifeô '^^teiff J t f i i
et c i m f i e n f f i m i t m H < n i ifeio t % t e ^ itiH vs f n i i t w l t i m cifilei miegtftm iimci iHf^
f i t n H i f 1 ^ iffli m^ttm c i t i T t f i % i t f t c S f - m f i f i H f i m e n i f f i im n i . m m f g t f f t m f i m ^tc
c i t i m f i % f i m f ) f i i l l i e ? t iis,nm ifi c m n mimH m i c n i ife^(2- mti-f<?tm ime< i f
m m I ifei^ ' f ^ t e n mttitfi i m m m t f f i i t i m l i i m e i HH ( m i f i - t f f i ) i r n f i m ^ t e i n t ^ i m i f i i f i
iifi H i m f c i t c i t f t n m e n W H f n m mfif n i (Aydinlik) w i f n t c n n t iiemf iie,imom iHemei
t m m t f (Paris) i f t f H . H f l - ciH-n cie^ i m i c n w i cimei mfs i c n 1
mfiiei i i . m t t e i I i t i i H f C f i . ^ t m c H i m i w if f f i f i S f i % i t f t (ffm c i t f f H S HifH) mrniH
t H f i f i m#tfei? i f t i f i e i J m f i t c i c H l t e H i fif^ f a i ^5tc i f S m S d I i f i S f m S i l fifs m m i m t m
imifiH-^ci I m f i f ? ; liit^fii i c m ' s i f f * f f i i f f J i f i i f n imwSf
lilt H t i l f i i t i i m f i m mmi c i f $ F ^ f f fli n , mfime c i i i t f f i i m f i t t - n m e m m n t e m i t
ifeobr ' ^ f m Huen m i p s i i - s f f ^stH s^ f f ^ (Tokat)-n i e i ^ n c m f m f w - i - ' i R f i t i f ^ ifeô men
t n t f fiiem
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fSwm ittitm 2(f%fli firm it-ÎiSR^ t t t ? ' Cfffei imi^ ntwHit fi atffSRim i f f i n i i^bo
t m tiHrntfifR H m f ) I fii-m f H f t - n ittltH ceite5F5 t # (f.)-n itmti nt^ fsm n fmm
f i f i t c m o i f afftei5 ntwmi c?iitf?iet tHtfi if?e
HH Hf niHm H*w n i ittmim mHSHstt 'sm itci 1
itc?. ni^4-n iH mK H^ f? I ntf;^ ifwitf ihbo f ^ t m i t i f i i I f i m ft iteitn ntw^
^m S i r f iHSH^ nciH'ic*^ m H m Hwt m t m ifiSHsfi f n attifnm i t ie? i ife'jsi '^fm f n itHttei
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m n t ttntH ^ t n m m t m mmcmm f t ? ^m itmnrn (tfnr)fiemf atmtt ?^ fiifi S m l i f f
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m 5 j ?mm cm stemw%it I f o ? m i m f mtci? m'^ttmm mwi imf? i f l isiifnt mwie? i ^ ittim itfic
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fll ntit^^mf^Tti^='l^'^tfmi?iiit?c*ttmt'2tffiH mt f f J i f i i n (f?fie? îH trf^) i tft fn ihbo
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c m m ifeê mm?^ m cimtct mm ^tci nH cmtci fstm mtmi fiifsei itisl^ct? wm atemw% imH itifesr
ii'^t?m miitc mm mt i fi?m i^f-b j. Hc?mt m< ^td tftm i H n itir miit <rf^f f? ifcmfim
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(itltjc-i if? cifif m i teff fffiff attfiiiei ifii mm
fftm filfcfi? n mwSifi fi?3t Hfil im ^td
f i i t n i m I mm i w p i d ife-Jstr itci? iewc? mH
niwf ifiSfi% t m t ^ n t k n f f i ate^f citt m r
Itm ifes-Js % fitm ii if%f&^ f f ntwlt sffii
i f ? ittici itmm-n cifcf? i H fitm cmm im n 1
f ? i n Turkiye Sosyalist Emekci ve koylu Partisi I d lilt ?nm fcne? iîiH wmf if? im i t ^ t m
n t sum I t f i i ffstm cmtf atH# f f ntwff n atemwfim citt cn 1 tfte i?ii if? mtn mfHte?
(mfie? cimrfi^ tt?ftH)-ci ifiSfiwi atmm ifmmtet Ititfi n Itt I i f i i f ifii? H?f l i t m fiitf mtft
n ?mm icm n m ?^ if?m m i icmff i^tt ir?mnm imiis t m w m mmnrt fn 1
t.H <2-/oi t n t f fiiem

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Contents
fcSO
atit#t 8 ( i ) -Gitti, f i CHHHHIHH^ tnwwR,
i t t m t i f e ^ b f f ; ( f ) 118 c i > m H i f , t m H C T H < m R f

(TrtmrtHftipift, . t n r H w H t n ' f cirniWssrm, t m i i
ihbiS %; (o) 1 ^ c m , ffic?l'iT c n p l H n , tfUpr iS(f8-iij1
<[., ii-oTi i ; ( 8 ) H f H H I T 5IC4H, fficOTi w m m -
fijiHt m H H , ( d T ^ ife^b'i f , i i - f ? ((f) m m f.
m ? m , The Turkish Left, in Journal of

Contemporary History, i f ( i f e ^ ^ f ) , i ^ f e - i b - ^ b ; (b)
<^ c m , Socialis;rrf and the Labor Party of Turkey,
in MEJ, Spring ife^b'f f , i ( H - i l f ; ( i ) i^ c m , Political
& Social thouglit in the. contemporary Middle
East, HS t n ife'iJb- f , (b-) G. S. Harris, The origins
of communism in Turkey, ^ J I W T E i f e ^ i %; (fe) H H ,
fmsfm ffmmci c m i r f m m , mtmm i f e ^ ^ i f ; ( i o ) c i H
c^Hc^fif fH'ra'ci c m H m H ^ . H cmHSHs mHrm?
( i f e i o - i f e . 4 i o f . ) , mtmm i f e ^ b i "f; ( i i ) m M H m H i m ,
c m m fe8 H H ( i b - i i - i f e ^ ( f ) f ) , mtmm ifeîsi f i

G. S. Harris (E.l.^)/m?f1 mcHo
A I i m c r i m ^ 8 m s m m e n stm mten'm:mt
H # i ^[^f f m m m m f i (f. H t ^ mHji, mmm f m
t f m ' ^ mm)mmwcg? mmHfi i t m , ' z m H i H H -G
m|H m r t i f H i i f e ^ o mmif f f f H f - ' i t m f
i t m m ^ m ?tHmm m t w ^ i H m i l i m n i t m ^
m ? n i t m m f m T c m i S H s m H iH mr i t m
S n 115S m r n i <3 f^ f i m r n i f k m^ci mc?tmH mHSHs
mHi I f m f i t I
H t l f m f i f S H HCI f m c i TSftfrr i m w w m m
m m (wtiif c m f m , t m f , c m , f i I I M m t H m ) I t m '^fmmtr fiHîmei" irmfn mH^ten S n
i i m ^ m e i I t n . c H i f C f Ssj. -wtfi n t m f c i t f , i i tm tim ' Q i f i m mm 1 t m cffisiti 1 1 m ?!ttii caf?
îcf iiw^ St?5iei immot m m;? i t f t c n i4wt H H ^ m m iimiittmi mmîttefiticmf 1 <iit n t t ? itiic
H H ^ l i c n "?Tt iitw3mci"i stmnr m:? i t m e n . i c m . t m n H 'iimtim ifimHifn mm" fHi len caftmr
H i Hie? i t f i t i i i t n - i i B t siHIfe w l H n i H H , m f e ^Stnen mi t?it>s; ;iit fitm itmesf? cftfmjf nmen
mm. I t i m m l n "iirwlt iilt n " , f ? f i m r n i f i itt 's^ftm cmi m fim nmen itt ifcmHm lemm
il3ei I t i f i l f i t m - n Parti Populaire Syrien; t m e i Citn itiei I mtî mtiitmfi mt%? tiit^ citti
mtHi 1t1-mHc?St (Chadirchi)->il? I t m f e l l f t m i m <3 imwen tiemfim t m I K H ie? m i H ' s t m Stitmei?
n s f m i e n l e m i t H i m i f m i f i i f - f f t ^ citfH i i m , stm itimsf n t i l t i H i iriiitf? ^ n ?@? mPimt?
m f e National Democratic Party Itei iHH; ft f m ie? <3 ciMsfieiei mm ite? iHi ie? 1 cieff
cimicnanstH ( 7 r t i i t H % i t H i m i i i i l i l t H i cien ifimti ^ 1 ftitmo?, l i i t n i cien
H f l f m c ^ i ^ icitemi H n n i m i i t w a m iitwHii iie? 3 i f f cjf littm citit? f i m i t f i
(iti-tiHrnfmut i M - m t H m t ) i t e i iHH m n t e n S n i f f i f f tiiti wicititi'ifif 0fei mi?s? citfii n f i
t m i m i m H i ife8i-8NS m e i m t e m " i t i i t i - cim i i H ?se? I iic? u i f f cjif itfiimei m o S^
m t i ^ f - f i i t i - f n i H H i t n m i (doL^) i t H ; i i ciiifcf? n H ^ itiifai; cmt ciieti t^toen if i t i i
i m n ife(M % t m i t i r n i f m % m n iiiw|t l e n m^m I t e i I i m imfgm m i f ? iitw! i n i m
iH i f i f n i i f e f f f f '5- ^ê i f e 4 i i j.fesj. ^5te i f e ^ i i ie? I m i mif? f H îme? e t i f ?Î?ICH? t?e?tf?m
ii i m t c n lem i m iitwamen i m imst ic? I
t m f tiSem
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Contents
f*tH?nfi?m
tm H H m ife mm C I , 1w? wtmrn 'imm-itfrni Itemm ftftei i f Q m imi imw^, itiHi citfti^
o ift<T s^jsmfwrHicn o swims i m imrs^m fiiaei I t e i n t it^-im ^ it^sftfn itimf? cstmiet
itm Sfn i#cg?t cirngT^m*!: wifcniffsfH c m msnem n mfi^ stmntf ntif^ cirfmmt tsfimm?
I t f i i imma? I t m t i tff i f t j itui tf m% ift ifit m e ^ fiei mH f ? i fiw ciei it< tff if?i
'jfmtf imff I f 'iif C 2 t % 9^ ^tc cmf# T*tf% n itmmfli tHf mtwei i t m i ^ ^ ! m i t ^ i ' i t f i
mcetiiif ism n J i T f ; fi? <,j(^w(i'<>Hm fmni mm t m TCJR cm I sfiff c;3f m limt cstfi m:iT tfm cm
I T f I t m i ^ i r i l ^ i s t ^ wfficgji ficifi mm nt ^t fitnf ff% fli m, m H i i f f iitim i t i t f i fH
ilfw wifnmi M3 m i R T i s i s i f mfimm stfii wim? leiTo t f t fiw -itH ffte m< f ? i mwlf
itimmi ittici fifteen mt mcwti fif^ G3% iwrmm iiiffms Hfni citît im f ? n t iff? iim misfn
imci? rni tff ifSim; f i f mw i % tff c m iftffiimci >ivlw<lf ct!^ fiff M3 mwSifirei fifw im f ? i ^m
iffigr fi^f^ct n f ftHn 11?^ tm itfi mm ci, tff iiitf, lit fii? tmen mm citiifi^ tSfin iim
I ' i t ^ i*5ci t ^ f i f t m ficiti t m mm n n cicff fifim tmen m'f iiflfiff ^rnifwHrnFIN mfwma?
ci% f i mn cicit mif%i i < wfii itfimit, fin, t m , ifli mtiit o i?w imei fgi cimi ie? i i^t m m
fifnt o mifwfimc mt cn mnft ffi ffi itm? mnt wiiiff i n s mmci fi?ai ic? i t nt nmit "flt m
sjîim fl, f i f tft H 2 f f f ? mt I nei f i ? 3 i ie? nt t f t "Q^f mt^ fimim o imtm sfe?rtwei
csffic^ wtmi "mi^f-Itfim imr M3 f f m ^ (iîtt- mifn i
i r ^ ife-jsi-n w i f m i fift, ife^S5^ fstcn wttm m o I t n imwi?tm ifli i f iim i t ^ mci 'itfitcim
ife-jso-s f ^ i T m i m ? i iji^mf) mm mi- ciicfi mm ^ i r i -rnmf m m'l' itft? iteieiff imm m <M*f[i<?f
(Sitnmii 'rnnrti-n ?t>m^f, mft i s B s n , ficn i^ -25tc cm fmt mm cimi im i t n i ^^tttf m m ci,
-^tticn if stmi miHnfiff) litcmnt o i f ^ tm i<ffei mwfH? wm 'if ff nt s N n ifim imm
ifici tft fmt ?stit Sd CI, -mn iiTw3m stfit^ ie? I tft ftmâ i m iiji i ^ ftcci mew? f i ^ f ?
mn wffimmm Sst intat i tm -miff i ^ ilti!i iftifn fcmi-fHm stm im nt tftm inrHfi iftm
ff mm ci#Tr ifiim, wrfn i<tifi iitnm ^ sîm I
#iimm m cma ifii?, cifti mfm fiiacn mtirm i M f irei t I t n ntwnti ifie msmfaiiiei
n i l I C ? I I t n mmci-:', ,^fi imwmf ii,i?m fifm cien i^îmfi caf, fien itii?mra mmfi
I t i ftmc? emf C I cîi ifptemi mtHms i f ? m o i i^tn itiifm f i ? ^ ifSra citfmf m itifii citf? fiemfim
i # ?^ m mm niicm c i m iH?^ mim ifiim ic? f m I tftm fiw Hw ciei i^t m mw cafci mmfii if^
m I n t I W >iit m cici im? mfwnm idmmc? ici liitien ifnrf i i t n nfwltm *at m caf^
ircm ff%c cmuicm m^sm wm cim nmff nrf mfci iHcif? ifmef? iff itfs^ ?fim mm ie? (>iit
st?mm?o ifiim I C ? mt I m iHsif^ mmm ic mtftwimf ift. i f ^ if^f) i
im? imwim cm fim im? cicn i f f o it^^wffn mt tftm mf^ imf%? ?tew?Tfni mttm ic
ff, Iff?, miaHi m it^-im f f fi?mi m ficiim mtm I m i tm?t itftwmtci? i t % ititm^t i it^-itn
wm f?mrc? ffiirwn 1 Smmnii file? i m iirwgm ?rwffe 'mn ntwam' i f i f i .mitt itmf >a
<tic ^1 csffic^ wrmi 'ir?5t-itfim mf itwwrfn citfiff i i i f i f i m l f i o i f f ^ R r t f i îmfi
f f ^ i f f fm, im f i c n ifee(?fsrcnnntifn?rc? citffifm f i ? i : ^ itme âiH cHitneiâ ?j<i% i Hif
ife-jsi jfm n ^tc I f n ? n i ife-Jscj, i t m icm f i n >a mef? iHfiftfmf i^lt ft c i t f ? icm imitem i m , i m
i m r i m ml citfi i t n mw3?Tm iff fiwm i H i H Ite? w m i t i i fimwm i mmite? mt m
oiff mm i f ? m citsfi? immfi n imm iff K i , im^^rHi cmsg ' I t n . mwmi' i f i e i f n luci
itflit ffi cit m C I C I tm n f i ^ m?m i f ? i f ? i mn i?fit i f ^ stmm f i i T O ifimti i t n Hc?ffi5t M3 Si
mwmi ifie n wtfwtm, i t ^ - i m mf? itiei im? wrf?rm fm, im f f ir^-im itifci stmi m
wfw i t i f i i I t f t f i f i m|t? mm fim, i f f f ? ifntei I ^ t f t n m iH i t i f K ^ s itemi let is.ee '^jfci
Sn ?#? mfimt fim memi ntit^swtfn mwffe imsrte^j ciife? tSfiim steii nt.iHi? i m miei
ciiFoc? tSHmn i f ifmmif f f ifnen n firg tm tiiti i ' i f i I t i f i i I t f t e m ? i f m i ifimntei
i ? m fmtc I t c i I fin, t m ^ fif??tc f n f immfi mn mwlt citfm citfmmBriHm m i stnfiei (is.ee-'jsC!,
-f5 nft citein? me ffiî ? T s S ? f i I^^POH f ? ? ^ i f ? f fe? fe?, ite^b^ 'fstei? n .^m itei i
t m f fiiem
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Contents
t#nt
( i ) S. A. Hanna and H. Gardner t m ffi? S??m m r i fienme? Segi if??tcn mi-
(mt.), Arab Socialism " A documentary survey, 'Siff, t n Itfi?, m - t Hfif m-'Hrnf 1 fmrf t m
iS.'bS. %; (A) Wtm 'mifm-mfll. National mifti, i t f i f i i 3 ffi (fi; cHii ^ iei? nm smt?
Charter, mrat i f e ^ ^ ( o ) H. Kerr, The emergence mr) itfi cies? hhci m i '^fi? Snm â Snei? if
of a Socialist Ideology in Egjf)t, in MEJ, iVft., ^miiiifiHen I m-m?f#f (rni-iim) Hift iiffi
( I W ife^f '^.), i ^ l - 8 8 ; ( 8 ) Gebran Majdalani, The msci? iH, cm ^ inS? cêsst ieitwj n (tf'fi ^
Arab Socialist Movement, in W. Z. Laqueur (mff.); mtf'i-itHi) I tifffim ifm -itt ndt Him mif
(a) The Middle East in Transition, HS t n ihdb- ^tHcf I Hfm t i ' f i - n fms itiif ^ 5 t H tff iiHfeij
oo<\-(to; () G. H. Tony and J. F. Devlin, Arab 8 0 Htl t i ^ I m-tnff *i im^pfte? tifHm s ^ m?
Socialism, in J. H. Thompson and R. D. fi Htl ^tc i if?H tiffiH, tie?m "3 Hien i?j?f
Reischauer (xCEU.), Modernization of the Arab mtit? i?ti S ^ o n ?iHf< m i tff? msf^ 1
world, HS t?ll ih'bh iH\r-1i>\; (l) P. J. Vatikiotis, tifti?!?, tien ifnt m-mif? i f f H mnt wmt
Islam and the Foreign Policy of Egypt, in J. ff? Hiten Sn, ficiime? f? S ^ mm ^ o i Se,itien
Harris Proctor (mff.), Islam and International Sn timfi fll, Hm cmen iMe? uif ^t nt mew
Relations, HS t n ihbd iô-an; (\r) L. Binder. ?itf I H ^ I i H Se,f% I t m fm Se.ifn's fli
The Ideological revolution in the Middle East, i<tifife? i m ?^f< Hm mmfm m m mci ^3
HStn iS.'!s8 %; (fe)Hisham B. Sharabi, Nationalism m&m C i f ? 3 t I m m s (Saffiower) ficici ?itf
and Revolution in the Arab world, HS t n iS)>5}<3j ?PH ^ 5 t nt cien i j ^ ijtiite? it*6 ^^t 1 ituiH,
1.; ( i o ) W . Z. Laqueur, Communism and Hfî?ftenii, if, ifitfi i^, fiiicn is,Sf itei?
Nationalism in the Middle East, m ihsb (ii) Iff?, t^, i*f, cisf i, m m ifnifw, fieii fi?fi?
P. K. O'Brien, The Revolutioh in Egypts Economic (Quercus coccifera) tIfti? Htm fli tiffim itffn
system, m ife-Jsis '^.; ( i ^ ) L. Z. Yamak, The Syrian i m , Itfte mH fH cm H t f f i i s f ^ fli I m-'Smf
Social Nationalist Party, cmw, Mass. ihbb ^.; i t i - i t ^ H n 'itw'f cin S^ fH cwH'sli? h i f i j
( i o ) Kamel S. Abu Jaber, The Arab Baath Socialist t^te? Sell ifiltcn 1 I f f ? m-ftmi t n ftiti-n
party" history, ideology and organization, itiHici fwHH (Hw?)-n cif& ifiHi o e , i o o f m ?fiH
Syracuse ife'b'ij i Si^ ciim fifi?^ ?#?ten 1
P. J. Vatikiotis (E.l.^)Mf<r5^ ttCHs fiemtiH i n , m^mm H ^hhih ^ meitn n m
i? s . 8 / i i o icn ?w ltd: fit t n tm? (f.) tiffiitei
t:*tftHRrf (5_ILA_Î) t l W ^ t ^ Seville, i m f t - f # R
%
l i H n f # f i ifif iisd? ift itf^ icn nt t m
cintt msi Seville H n iR nntm mr i^t mft I t m o itiiiin m Hff mnt? n H i t n citen
At?im I aftffi cmi f%fiifti ftmtfii (nispaiis) Sn i f i icn I i f 5 e ? t mrnmi (^fmii) fiem ifid
cir?rfcii^mrai(j_u-^)jij^) Stfi ^tc s.'i ficHfim 'itit'i-'itf? t n fitti lek? fc Sm m ifie f? 1
Tfc? mfô (is.8o tîm lilt I f i t f f citntut fli fH 'sHf H ii? ftfte? cmei mti itn icn 1 if?H
^ , i o , i C i . > i ) , mttc^. HtfHm) I I t n fifii i?itcn m iie? iHi f?, ifii i w h
i I tf^fii s f # i i fcitifiiii tifffiitd i f 5 ^tc 'sHf m - m >>hhi 1-b- m ie#m m 11? itHsf?
bo I t t i fge^ mf| ifiit fiti ifiifcn i tmt tftei icn I Sim itn itti? iei ?f? 0 ii?<) itnt? mHi
nft I t f i t ( m ) o f H (Kura)-n ifwifff ifiit i=Ht itm if?ei tiffim ntw mkeite itm iffi n,
ifiitrn, I t f f lilt m l f l i f i o i m cm m i ftm' fien it??t cntn tfim twf? Ifim n 1 itH
fHifil ("Vislgothic) ifwt cgf? m i m ifwt <a
(Hims) ifcio ififS f l l I i ^ e / < i 8 ^ - o I t c i cntn a t f ^ f l r a
Hifii cjff? (iifi Hiff) fit n I mftH m ^ ititi^d
t i f t i ifiji ^tc mfti Se,it% I mT-'Sfff f i t ? cs!^
ititH fwt? ?5f?e Itci I t n ^ ^ f ^ ^^f^ 'wtiftat' iei tiffin
iflimn fiti?i ifiitm i ffi ?fiiten ci, tffffiit? ^ m i 3 d mtl? I t n iHitufCf? Hie? i t ^ Hf?
atcin^ (Dependencies) lf%ci tieinl? (Niebla)- f?I? tim fiti^ lf?H fiiicn [EUas Teres, Linajes Ai-abes
i f f s f s i i Htl ifm:i o ifiî-it^ iffI t ? i f f s ê I t t i , en al-Andalus, in al-And, i f l . (ihSH '^.) tint, o i l s ] i
f [ ? ic#m filler?' i f f s 8 0 I t t i 15,11} fll i t m itwtff fwf? "mif'1-Hfm i f m HHitei ftf? itf? fiiti
tli S.O I t t i f : ? I Sm CiHm f ? t I W t H (to H t l tif ? m I f m itnticit n m m f i H ; ! . o o / b - 8 8 iei atn
fll I Hm 1 tiffiH m ie? 1 mm?t w n m wm m H
tnrf fiiem
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Contents
C!.fe\5
wm*} iHm fBmm mmrsr Sft m mm 1 I d Hfmi tifH?m ntctm S ^ S ^ mwMn ^jftcmt ^c
tftd w? m? wm t#m fm cmrfrnfff itm ism n nt 'Q?^f< f i "SI fttifî SmiTt fiitmc? mitm n m
'Cc'K.^l'si 1Js1^31[T:^ Hii fim<ilf (:H?(;<t Rîfv^^ mmi i tfim?8i8/ioc^\5 n ^?tc 'mimf icn mfi citg(f. 'mtm)
Sn S-mnw? (mtmm?) #?m finm tm:mmi "tfm tflc4 ?tw?tf tiffs IC? I.lilt I t t n iH#im ?tf m^'i-?>tfii
tffrtimi n H IW Hitt mimm ^ g^mft wtmw boH T[ftmi rni-m^nti mtf ?tcn miwtm m l ^ ( t m f
? 5 d i I litt m fmmrniitm:^ mm mm iH tfm? itigHi) t m ' ^ t n 'm?m-n fn flm i fH i n i t i
? f f f < i m i Ittm ttt cmnsm? fH mi mt I "s^mmt ftff mit^ mmrt t n 'mf? cif fim iHm i f % i t 3 ?
it^, Snf HH mm mw-mtm mmit tn'i-îmm mi- i m , tif ^[bc?t tm mftm i f i m i m i tm ffm
mmid fo ifiK? cm ?m, f f ? fat fftmm mntici n 8\58/io8c^ I C I im f 3 mf'mi?'m?m im ifiHfis:
^8e/bro5i> mm m m n ftfim? cmm Sn mnt ?5c? i tif n fiH 'mi-f'mfii' mifsi Sttfic nfii ifi^ flm .
citm? n m m cmmm ftmm fct n m it?m, . . . .i? tfwsr i?fi ifc?f m|iffC4 w? ?#m fH
tfftfm? tici m mtm nt i?tiH mi-wtft?ifi-mnt Htw? ititm fif i m I lilt titc? \^tmci ^ laiwi
(Aigeciras) I t i im? wm itm mtttm ?m, ?H t n ifcitf iaF?t fitHm ific ?tmn ; fH flm iimm
tun m^j-fsimft mm icn c?, mrntt citm? tifti?m f f ?tf? mitf mfi 1 mi-f;tfii sî/iobh- ici tifmi
imnt ?#?tttl1 (f. R. Dozy, Les Normands en ?m I f m fzt fif? mt'i-iTfii '^fim mi-f'mfii f?
Espagne, Recherche, iri itwt, ^. ^db-^'bo nt ^'Hfe- itmtrsttfim iH ifm wij Htrt flm i mm mtn
t i f f i m m t f i n f mlwmSf^^ci tHt n i ffi
tfm m p t ^rnimicif i tii tw tiffim ^tt^ m wf^Hm Hit ^5tc ?sctm mfm i t m i fif ifwat
mifit ?timf .ttm mf ^^t^-n im5,i?m? cigfci UtiBitcn (CasUle) mwt ?i mnicm (Alfonso)-n mwr
iHi n I mmm n i mn wtmn i ? i ? wmfm mfii fi^rmcitft Tjit mm Sn if n iicifHmi-mif?m
tn i mmm mf?-if?wi fn utti i ?jc#m Sitrnt tfnttm f n fim ffq^ t n fifi mi-f?tfif? Hit
tfmicn itt mmm c?t ? i i ftr imi fn, if?ii Itmr ittit if?c mm n i t n fi#ti.ficw? ?nT-ifwm
mtm? mm?t cmm im f i t n m cwmâ cimt if? i mn itH ttm cmci cfcn nt mm, 8'\h/\o imtm,
m ^ Htftntcmfct? Itti Itci iteitm ?tcn mm fmn io\rb mtitt mmn-n fc^ fimt fiw? it i m i iti-
t n t t m mt mi-itmi iffm cttitrnt fim? ic? nt f?tf?it imm iitmsi if?ti fmtt mmm s^titn
f?fmftm i c i i f ^"iwfcw? ctm ifi^t cmm itmn. irnrnt fnm ?= ifim cn \ latm itftcim w m miff
mn mnt? cii^ti^fci ittfl ?sc?, tiffim? n i it3ici fiim f i i 5 iti-ftfiici ?iH=tttm Stfi ?5tc n i
mitifcmt mgtmt i'a'a i f n t ci-am n i mosn (itc?t fgi rm itfm i^? i m n t ifk?t f'tfiici tm
mctt ^ t tfm? ifcmfim) tiffim? i f n timtfcnci m^sif 3tc ?ft3 i m I ffn? i m cmtH f? t n
!ti im n (^'Hbr/b-fei) I mnit ifc? lifiic? if?m mma t n m i f i svs/iohi m tiffim nci ictm,
^m Sd I m? ?m m ^ ^m? n tfm iijf mmm iticifim, f#im ifim wt i m i mni? stwtf?
f??i:^ cimmftf ci?cn tim^ i ft i m I Jnrm i n i if?m cn, itm ?tc m?s iHm f i t ?
c^b-Vb-fefe mm S? Citm cif^ mfm iittii t?m tis I f n m t f f4m ic? i 'ittmficn itirt^H s^ti
i H cffijf< m i ?wm itfim mficftm, timm if?m ci^m n i fsmtr iti-f'ttiici ?f ifim i?cm?
f ? ? ^ t i ^ ^m sdi I tHttci tnttti t n "5twtw m fiitfi im n i citttci tH mtitc nmmtti strtr/ioha
n n t f?T??ci ^ i m i fitrt ficgtf 'Sim t n ^msft m fiew? H n fcfcn Sn citiitm ?nm n tifmi
(f.)-n ift ^ fttm n ncic? fH ictm tfim i m i itftmtcitf fiHiit i m H f m ?ts cmittiifs?
mmm fm? i m I tif I t n tifHm? Hm fmfi imm S^ iitm i m i fH fiew liiiwi Sm, i t ^ , itfi
Ifjf ttci I ffi cittm f ? . i i f ^ iîm itf% i m i itffmrn i t n flm i mf 'itntm i t m i m tiffim
? ? w?iH rniwtmir?i flm ffm mtm ntm? i imf? I f n ^ tiki Dozy fm ?f^, i t Scrlptorum
mf Smm i H f n ifimff? m^tm i i t m ici cmci Arabum Loci de Abbadidis-n ff? ICQ (1ltc1 ibr8'ii-
mm? fimtm ftim ft fH mt i nm tfm f? ,ib-^^J\^f.) it|f?t ifntcn I
'm?im-?mm itmici.tifHm 'sn^? f i i ^^tc ictm iti-f?tfif ?iiTtir^ f? fimm iftiH ffim
1111^ m ^ c i o fimtm m^scm f : i imt ifimfli n t tiffim itn iHc ttcm n t itfit tntf cmm m
cif? i??tm iH mt fll I tiffim m s iti-itit?f fimmm? i f w itfim m i mm
t m f fimim
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'J. i v s b - ) ^ wtcsr' R 5 ( M i ? M t - R ? ( ? M / i i ' i A A M I ^ t

wtc-fffr*t A W 1 1 ^ -mm^ 'nro?'^ '^m ?SAt AtAtC^ I 'WtR-^Rt^'R-RTMt' afr?A ( M f ? M R ? ^ t ,
'>[. i A o ) WEt CRAC?s? RC ^ M t ? 5 T R (?<lA/ii'l'l9-'l''l
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^ CRtCÂ A*iTO iflt ?srt A^Tt CA, C>it A*,R? t t % M ?
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t r ^ Wt^'l! smct? W?7 TO? 1 lilt cît WtfsRtc?! A^Âtc? Patio e los Naraujos ( R t f ^
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f5?5. ^ ^gTOTOr?S tACA^ tiTO?5^ ? # : T O , f?sf Wfc^ I ^ i1? lAttCR? tf^' (Statue of Faith) ^ f M
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TO ^ t c TO f # *I?AH TOT? TO? Sj^jR'aH^lW ftft 8 A t ^ e I ^ t 5 AtAt 1 ? M 1 CffSAfR Rt f ^ ATAIA
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c5i?t*iT^ M t c ? ? l M f ctcTO I lilt t r f M t r t ab-o/iivs S t ? ftM A t A t M I M t ^ S w t R t ^ <Si^ R ^ R ?
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Wl^?T'?5?-iii? AS I tAt? t ? I WT^^;5 AT*^ ? WtR-Rt?^ -boViAiA RC? WtR-RtR33?-TO WtR-t?lAftR
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f ? A f ? ^ C?t Wt^ t ^ [ ? W t t f M t ? ttR?S AC?t%5 ? s M ^4M? R??s?I ?5C?R I tAt M l ^ t R d i ? 4?Rt I C i t t A t l R
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f^lF At*^ ^dirb/i iS>o RC? fAaMc?? TOJ M c R ( S i l v e s ) , (Las novas de Tolosa) R1?4 ^ t ? t T O ??t 4f?c AS
ATAf t ^ ' t t 2R?J ^ WaACR ? n M t R t ? l M , McA? ^CRiCR TO? t ? T M CtRtAttAfRA ^5R1? t?lftft?1 stTTA5? 4l?e
tiRTO t t f r M WttA? TO? I WlR-WtA^ (Alarcos)-'il? ?T?T A? I
V Rt'TO, i^Rlt, RTCR ^ J K M I ? ?tWt b-R ft^<Mt t ? t " I s i V i A A o RC? WTR-t?TAM ft^
WlRTOCRt-il? t ? ? ^ M e M ? RTC? 1? ^|RtR ftR?stR WtR-^g7Jt?M-iil? AtW^^TCR CRTOT^t? RTR4 Wt?['R-'WtRT
ttftMl? TO? I lilt TO^tA^tCR 11? ?>C#5t? W t f ^ t n ctrstCAR i5tte?? 'ftc? ^ ^ (Castle) ftftt 4f?eR?
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m AR? tÂS ft? AACirt 2)iil<l'i TO? R i t I i 8 t Rt% t ? ^ ctf-(Pedro The Cruel) ?54 ^^?te?
lilt^w? ^ i R T c ? ? t * t f M T ? H , 'wT?^tc?? f w t r s T ? t ? M AS] 'S R f R??mt? ÛftT M I 'il^f^ c t % W^[?teA
^riRC?? RtAt^ ACt? R f ^ A A A ?5C? I .Pft TIt't tAt? TOR?tTt ^ w l ? f RtR 'i[?^'A -AtTO' (Torre del Oro-A< ftTO)
TOSM TOR?tTtC4 ' S M P A ^ M M I WlR-'îSATAfA'R AlTOTA^ W t f t ? M Attt ?tstc^ I ^ ft^t S t ^ t f t t ? M CAfe ?t?ft
tAtC?? A??1C?? ? ? ? ? TOM CRtHR aftRtCPfTfR wttMt w?et tAsÂS I Âl? Ste?? ^tw^t'Gt "efsAi? i^srs ^ t M R ? t c t ^ ,
M t ?5C?? I A R M , A t ^ , R?t?TOT 'S ?MC?? R?tTt a t p C ^ "et^SATsft TOTt?ft t w T O I
t M c t ? l M f At? I Wt^ Af^T?? R1>IH|ilClt C i t AlW^t t?tTl TOT^ ?R? t ? t t f t M t WTA^S <ilTOt? WtR-tÂtAft^
? R M f t M A?* c?tTc? i f j t Rl^tr t??TTO M t M ^R1R tjffftR WlR-Rt"5J?-TO ?tW?T% tftt A ? TO?
A T O ^tt HÎ I RT'Q'5'R-MotR' Rt??5'STC^ ( R t t . T o m b e r g , i J s A V i A A V - i A A ^ RC? fft R ? e ^ tJt?R 4 T O t ? RAC??
t*tttf ftte?5tR
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Contents
Sf? RckiD ffMff t n t n f i - n mm stHH n I E. Fagnan (Annales du "Maghreb et de Espagne,

1%H imfw cmn? ft'S ?tc t^smfHmci t?mf^ mn i itifwtim i f e o i 5 ( . ) ; (fe) I T I - I T ? m f f , ITI-flw?, imt.
mt>^î mtm? 'itfift ?tj?n aw * J ^ O I \ S H tfi'î'im'a'am R. Dozy, I f - E . Fagnan ; ( i o ) iH-itmf, Hfl-f?,
t n mi-mmtt?-n ft H^trn ittcn fc?tct %w? i % mteI, ii,fefe; ( i i ) t n itf m', m'3f'i-fi?ti; ( i ^ )
f ^ ?s1??t i ^ s q % t*f1nT mc?i? ?scn i c?ti men f f t n I T M , ^ - t m , imt. -a if- de Slane (cn fcn
mcmcn n i m'm, bsb/ih lem, ic^sq mn int cmi ^twi I T I - f m f i f fim, m-famffti "Q itf itfi-n
c?n ciicm? IC m?"Q mf?fn n Sm w? mn i itf? itimmra wm ; ( i o ) Dozy, Histoire des Musulmans
f # r s f îfnttitcn f n mm im mt nt iîcH^t?> mfi d'Espagne, ^ "S o 1 . ; ( i 8 ) Dozy, Recherches sur
(7=im fiHi i*[)1? msei? ticm m t n ^ m%?n? tici I'Histoire et la litterature des Arabes d'Espagne,
cmtjtt ?sm m ^ <msit ^ I ncm? mff fiHn mif f? I t , nfii "Q mte? i W i ii, ao-a^ côfe-^^s ;
ic?i ?,icn icm 'fmm i n ?tc tfftfim timtimcn (ie) F. Codera, Decadencia y desaparicion de
cistt iHm mf n i -b^s/ i^^â m m; f g i m'?s ? t n los Almoravides en Espana, Itmemim ib-fefe %, f.
'm?ti'l-m cmte?l 1 tiScm f^ mm (Don Nuno de :?.8, ; ( i t o ) Lerchnudi Simonet, Crestomatia
Lara)-n 'SnTcn S n t i n me? n tifttim ^ Wm arabigo espanola, iHtm i b - V i 8o 8 i ; (i'l)
(Jerez) iisiei mfftc? f l l len i tif tmci f f t Madoz, Diccionario geografico-estadistico-
mwmf? i?em? ftim itc n i jîVi^'^v m cmm historico de Espana, ItHi i b - 8 f e % , i 8 l . , : ^ o f e - 8 o 8 ;
fif? mmiitei tti tiftlim n?-2ftf? tis c%n ( i b - ) Oritz de Zuniga, Anales eclesiasticosy
iii?t t i Hf'f-mtl mei n n fB?rsf i m i -ivs/i^b-o- Seculares de la ciudad de Savilla; T I F T M iVfeo
n tw f m mtm ti??l^ men i tm ffti tim ?to5'i- % tol. ; ( i f e ) Gestoso y Perez, Sevilla monumental
H5?ii fei iHtit mei i tHcte? mm ^tm n iimi (Don y artistica, tifHm ib-b-fe-ib-fec^ f, o l a ; {ô) Rodrigo
Sancho) iH mfm ifim lilt if%mf ffm? Smfnf Caro, Antiguedades y principado de la ilustrisima
mf m'f ? ffm? mrniti '-tfte, -bs.o/icj.fei n n% ?i?, ciudad de Sevilla, tfffim i v f e t o ( . , ^ 1 ; ( : ^ i )
me^ I i?eie? mfim (Tarifa)-? mfH if|ie5 cit ?tcn Guichot, Historia de la ciudad de Sevilla y pueblos
f"=im mt'1-mm 'mf ntw? m ifici f#mm tffftim importantes de su provincia, tiffim, i 1 ; (:?.:?.)
fj'?^mm mm fmnm wm tifi ^tm m i Rodrigo Amador de los Rios, Inscripciones arabes
tifffim wimntft m t cimn nrnntff fin de Sevilla ; ItHi i b - * ^ * % ; (-^"S) Contreras Estudio
fifii i f f m mfim liit ite? sm i?t êi 'Cift f f descriptive de los monumentos arabes de
lem i?^ ^5tm Sfk? i ifim icm t n iffm (f.), t n Granade, Sevilla y Cordoba, o ? it., itHl iVb-e J. ;
ftf t n fmm (f.)> mfêisticn lem tni-'^mtf ( ^ 8 ) A. F. Calvert, Moorish Remains in Spain,
(f.) nt fifim "Q i^fmfim lem mfitf? t n itn-iit? 1 ^ i f e o t o I
mi ^ 1 ifim lfict? timm f^ f^ fiimm if itki? E. Levi-Provencal/(it.m.t.) m. w. l. fim^ t m i
icitemi mifi imt left êi i Cftlttf
iliff 8 ( i ) mi-t#f, Description de I'Afrique c^. i^ff|fi?itll?iff 8 tiffim (Seville) f i i t m

~et de I'Espagne, imt. "Q i f - Dozy de Goeje, fifii tfffm 113! 'sftien i^fi^Hi til? m n ?ei^
iti % m-1- ; (^) I t f , f'wt^m-îim, itt. mi iHm mf'te, nm ^tmtei i tH tn cmm i m 9m
Wustenfeld ; ( o ) t n I t l f i l - ^ t l I f l - f t f R t f , im- iifefi? I I I i 1 ' f f ? i t o i itf ^5tc m H cm "Q m
m^fi-tim, liitfi it^. cn Sali-iii, tiffim tici Sm itftcwm icm fimn itemi ?mitf tin ?=n
tiemititfi; ( 8 ) itf'i-tiit', nff'i-fihi*t, mt. ?tffwi cie5 iHi mt i m*itii mei tHe 'fsmm mt
Reinaud ^ De Slane, iltfi? i b - 8 o f, ^. i'\8-<$t ; (a)
fifii men fiHt cfimfw? iei f n f n tm titi
E. Fagnan, Extraits inedits relatifs au IVlaghreb.
mt I
ijifwfnt i j > f 8 %, 1. ve, io% i.oh; (to) mim mwfit, ( i ) ff mmit(1) m-sitf?, cmmf tfffiH liiiH
imt. "Q I f - E . Laufuentey Alcantara, itHl i W s l % , tiiti HH if? fe? ni ftie i?fi tn, cicff liiitn
^ iti f . ito-5v. I f - 1 - ^ v - o o ; (<$ t n i - t n f , I H - nft itSfge?ft ff lifiHf tn i it?f mm ciltii ?nm
^HnfsT.-s^ll^, T F ^ . R. Dozy, I f - E . Fagnan, f l . ; (b-)
it snffi men ist *i?m sttffm Seal itci i f o o / b - 8 8
tn1-:mfm, lt1-mtil, imt. Tomberg, IttPtl I f m n iei i?m itaFien n sttf?tt cimi ?sf?r n i tmf?
t m f fiacm?
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'im^m-mrm fHwi fir Mm "sn^mf 'm^[^ t n (1) mi-ltm (The Alcazar) s cmm mitIT ?
pRim cntmt? iRbWHi? mi Hfi? n f n i in i f m 1 tiffim o i n ?m-f< fli mi-itm, ciitci
1 % i f r ^ itften iH^t I n citrfim $tlw? if% fns ii? mm mfi f i t i i i i t i i f i m i t m mimm
?t?rfci I Si?f m ^ ^ - n Hftfmwl^ 'im-fîlmcn tf^misti? fiwci f^fi ift mr citmt cim cifim m
itigmi m i f i ^ m ifnr it-sim fft iff? ifi-f'mtn n CI, lilt ^fftrni-feiifRiifcn fit i f i f ir^fHi mm
sfH m?t SHwsfWfo m m ,ir^ f't*'*!? 1 1 m Sciifb ^^tittf CI, irttm m w n
iit f'f-mf?it rni-'pttis" 'mf t n f r ^ ttâm itcmimf ci?titt>am?afi mtt itim tf
ftmmi n cmrns ?m ^stmtn, m n nj_fmn fiHm nt tflcô o?/s>i ici? f?fitif'f tificitii m i t ^
?m ft?lR=i ifnt mr mr i ff:mfnmi-t#f, ffi esi ^mn 1 fmt mi-mt?-n mfi mff f i f ? 'm?^'?-
e 8 b r / i i 8 t o - ( ? 8 m? m:?T ?nt?lw ficiiifet t%m nt t?fi ?fitmiim?fimm'imi i sf/ioi ici ^ftcfci itft?
mi-f^mftfftn f?wra? f n c m cifiirftm, tfi f&fi? mtif ? # t itim ?fts[f îft, f=n iciiii fifm
?ti?Tcn c?, cfmm n?-mf? f? n f f o fif I m i mtrcin^ ifiin mn im mr irni-f^mfftmtm ff
? m ?f? fnftd if?c?ft ?rfim n 2frf?ft ib-î mkcitci fnm? ifim tt>sm?fi? Sitimi c n n ifim
ivtofe fstc^ m:?r c?n n m fif'S ^t?t m i tm ?in ifftm i m i
fli n fiwlfitSl? i. iitoft tfvsm (Tower) mt tm i T # f i (;j,) inrntHF s mi-mm c? m fifii-iitimfw mi
fifi ^t?rfti I ?scim mnc?=tT cm?cn i?j?f itn tm ifimfli citsfi?, ficil 'mimfn i i mtf iinft?
snt?ci?.mfSf fimm i ^^f^ tt>a?rm ittif fS^ tot/iî imf? f ? ^tc f i ^ m mtit mt i mi-foitsdti
?5tf3F& fifi itft?f5 b-o C I S fis 's?i?mT? ifl i t m fifi c f imfif? I t m f i i t i s f i ? itificn >a iimm
mft ttâm lt?ti= mn i S^m itm Torre Blanca itt wf mifi? irw im imct? cmi, mm Patio de
m i f "s?t?H ?igisf c i n 5 i f H ? I m nft m?im? i nrntft? Yeso Patio de Banderas-n nft citfim^ tilt?
?ftcii tc5? ift m cititt-cfin mtf i ^ mft? t ^ imm, m#ttmcii
?tHc? ?fti cms?ti oe fitr? fc? i?ti i f?^ ^ ciT<5mm rni-mtm mf i t i fsti mmr f=?fimi il??i
fef *pt<t(fc^ cffii i m i i ?ftmci i iit mi-fmH im n I mntci tm itiHimc? f i m (Mudejar) ficn
ffft ?n fifi n n Sm cmc? fifii-ff fifi cfici? liiift tint f f ^ Si^tn IC? I mSfsicn mc? n t
m m Se?m f i i i i Si^tii i c ? i n i iijt[i iHm t m I t f f ? fiiti fiitm fc5 fsfsti it? citirm cmt? mm
im fiirt I f jf Itci I to8 i/iô! m mcmt?? n i m t f I t f f ? f i m n f^mm fcn nft irim-fimci cn
casiiie-n mm tilt mrnnfi i c ? , tft m ^ i if?m ifm;irc?i
?if# m ?m n ftt I ()ntwiiff g ( 1 ) iiiimiifmifi?itcimm
mi-fGm<ifttT m^ m'fcnifci if? f?iif irtf? mi]t fi^ mtit I t t i mm ntwti? f i l m itiif^r, mm ci^
mtl cm im n i toii/i^ô-i m ifcn rni-fsmfti itimim icifwtit fiwi? iiti if fitm icii m
ii? mf'i-'mm' fcl? mftc? f?f^ itf? tifi ? m ff%f CiHm i H i m iitwi file? imr n n
(Coracha) ?mrni-itm?^tc i f f f ^tm iwfo mcmft i?i I liiift ^c? Sn cimt im Sm fH i^m Stff
iflitit ifimti ttim (Bastion) cn ^^mci, Smt 'citmf f f i ItHf ^5t?tci I ^88/b-^s> I C I i^m i f t n "ifiii-n
f m ' (Tower) i îlt tt^s?t?ft? ît Hnm it?ti= mtf, Hcici nfwiH fifi f? i t m i i 8b-.- titt? i H?m
fif Sic?? mcm-iciftft f#iri im ^?tmci i Sm ciomi fici? ci^smcn ntmiafit liimH Aisei (imiff mtmc?
mmi t t itfShct? ôf I mr m mi-f^smtfti fci? 11) fn I itim ^?ts? Sn tt^ itw im tim itti fli i
?f?mtm (Bastion) if? cintf fittm^s f i i t i im w 8iii/if'5'itiili-f'1fiiiitmfitmSif?mi cnti
mtii I lilt c i ^ iir?iiFci m?tm? t3ffwTft?mit? i m n i
fim i w ifimm fiitcn I t c i m tifmo ftmfli I tm ItfH 1 fm i t ^ nfwiH m < ^ ^tm m i
nîfcf mem immtft fiitif<? mfitti? ?ftcii m-itmm fiict i^m i n itti f i f ? iti-f^mffti
fi?tfic?5? i5f? mcitei fif^ fiiTi^Qfi m utf i ifm I f f m'f? lillH f n Sltim i n (sanctuary) fiifi
cinrf f m mtiiftr? if? f m f?m]?itci i m I itfi rm f3f i t ^ fgi m'f? e^Viifee m ittn
i5rr? if%itf ic? i citmf f m nt mi f r ? fiti im nfem fnmm iten im i m , 'fstim ftfiwm
^1? ? f ^ t m w m t m t i n m ifftci cm? im m n? tmci fisft? litgf? im n i ifei/i^feo- m ffiicm
fll r I d nfwift? fmm ^ fitf mr i mc?t n H f m
tnrf fiicm
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Contents
t*ff1TOt A51 tlTO5-
Mtt 4?! AS TO^Âlt A A t A At^-^HlW'Sl ftftlf?.*! I A R M I ^ ^3 R M trtRtft TOtt f t i R M AtAtM I fM?? stft15 ft4t4
tMsA RtM A S I W A I ? W i'Jj'î % A R f s f # t^?R A t S t tt?ftCA M tt ?Rt At^llCA I R?TtTr?ftMMrt??
tet
AtA I t t e t t M MtR wmt^ ^titwt^ R?T5rif
?AsfR c t T t R ^
f f t m 1%f%iA ''snA^'A-AAARAA 4 0 ^ t A A R f e p A t l R ^^te?? 4ti-|CTt? 'SW M T t ^ ^3 R?F tet WtIRt4 R???tA TO I
C t C A fAM srtfMA C ^ * I A 2 f ^ M (?.v M l A I tAt ftîRt WR?^4t?% ( W 3 A T ? T O ^ trc^ Olf5rf t W t^ ATST
5<îl<MC<)^ RttflAt RtACSA'^sf i W^TSCA m^ R M CRfttACff WtM ftwit??Rt AtslCA I lilt R4^ W R l T O t R?5tR ^3
( ? 4 # S A R t ^ t A ^ - R 9 R5?t?t A t s t t>4|<MM S t l R S I ^ S R A 1 ^[R ^^^^R t f t 5 ? A ^ TO I
^[RfRsr-sfTOT w53t f R M .iit MrtRft -^pAm 4ctiA ^ ?>eiR ^[(j? s f f t i f i f t , TO?t^-i5? ' T O 4 A ^ R ^ , s|T^Fft4
sftftR tr^TCS A J A ^ A t A l r ^ l l i f t W| C t % M^ RA ii)t RA55lt M WtR-^'SlTAM?
^ (RftCR? AtR4t ? ?
MWHW ^ I sfTO R:#nR? SftM ? ? M T I W^mAft -fRTaft 4Cv!1l<) t?t
(t) WtR-'5fQStAMletA 2 f A t A A R M S WlR-^^SAtAJAR ^#1 S^ M c 4 5ftRte?C R I M R Rt^ ? ^ TO I
WT^"5;55p A f ^ 1AtA im tAsMs fAAJt ^ StTO 8 Iftt^t8 CRfteR ^TRW (Mudejar art), tTRTA^ wt5
TOT ' f M R T O CnRt TOA 1 <?'!>'!>-<?<î/ii<î-i!s ReHiAttnR f i R W R ftw? StRtt (RftCR R^'jft At?llc^ I
AA^ ^>l?rs lilt ^ ^ R Wffl^llTOT R'ER^TCR S ^ M w fSm i < ? R t f f ? (?'IAtet? t A t ^ liltTOJ?ftftM lR^
^tAft tAt i < ? o / i o o M m
W R AtsICA ?fRAt s f i M i R AA I t ^ # I R ^ t T , W T f f t 'Q ( ^ t t R ATTt?5tiR A T A ^ AtÎCA I
t M e t ? <54 M t R w t f M t r o I tAm t A t ^ i<^ft Mt'Qft sftAtt teftM I sftATOR'sft ftrtR strsM^t 14
' f t ' ( t ) WTfM WttR (Aisle) M I ftl=1t^ ftlRR ( R ' a T O T (Projecting block) wT4tr??, s f t A t t I t M M
RTO? ^ ^ t ^ s M o R? t f S f ftf[ I tffOlfi iSft ft4t ^ WR?.f I M R sfT<?l4C'*?l TO Artesenados A t A t ftM1
M Itro R?!*tt s t t S t ? W t R - ^ R l A ft- A - s i R f t f t R ? W ^ t , -sM W T f f t ? 4 R R M A t c ^ ÂfOT? R'Sf -^^Tsft ?RtWIR? "?f?tTR?
tAt? W t ? ? (Dimension) A t ^ R R t AtsiM i #t?5t ^ Rtnt lit -RPItTtft <R, -SftlRf -SftTRf i f l t s M ftRtt?tR SffflR
'tw f t ? w T ? f t ? t f t wT?M5teA R?.?fM AtstcA 1 t e f t M ^ ^ R M -^Ct? ?Mt RC? 4?t A ? I ÂITR? ftf^ MtR-<2ff?
AtCR? S'R M i R C f t f AT?T tAt C ? M M I 4C#5R ftttR 4tT!5? Cttt RtTOt 'ftfr tittR?,^ ftRtRT-? M
^tlwci^t Arm t r o ?M (R^s?tiTO ftt?^ *itsi4R 'S?ftSlC4 W^|4?t 4ftAtCt I
WTR-ttAHR? artRtARÂ sfTst '^pmt^ (Mudejar)
ftM AtStM I ÂtW? ^MRC*f 4Cy'lt? S t T O R M W ? ATR
%f ^ RtACRT? ( M a r l o n - f t r 4 f T P P ^ (?fS?tR) ARTtRt
' J ? M T R t g I ft^ ^ ^ f f ? i ^ f t C A R R s j t rf?1R M-stt?'3
M I lilt WtlMm s ( e A t T O W A M Wte^ I tAtW? iS^ft R<[AM ^^Rte^ I t W T O f t w t R ^ C A S ftmtR^ (RftiTO <^ftc^
^ ? m C 4 RCAi^SAtiR ARfiTt S t T O 4?t At?JHA I
. Puerta del Perdon tTOf5? ^ w^^csTO, W t ? f t Pureta
de Oriente ^TRtATiR? <ii^ t t r ^ W ? M i tt^-PtCST
stxt^ 8 ( i ) H. Terrasse, L'art hispano
mauresque des origines au Xllf siecle, tTiM i ^ A
^TtftATR? ATSt ftM fttlt R R f t f ^ ' s M ft^ ?^^RtiR TOM
t.; ( A ) L. Torres Balbas, Arte alnohade, arte nazri,
R t t , ft^ WlR-'5)S?TAft'T S t T O R t f e ? ? lilt f "tl^tfiJ.ATAt < l ^ i | l W
arte mudejar, in Ars Hispaniae, iv, -sttftA i ^ 8 J ^ . ;
ftr?tRv5t (Giralda) R t W tftM, fltR^s t A C ? s f t T O T ft^
( ) i^ CRt4, La Primitiva mezquita de SevlUa, in
R M WTC^ I fi-fi-i/iiffiJs RC? W T A T O t A A -?T^- RT5r4 i i ) 4 W ?
al-And., i J 8 ^ 'J. 8 A ( ? - S . ; ( 8 ) i^ (Rt4, El arte de
>at?ftTO lilt f t R I A l ^ ftftt ? 5 ? R R ? I ftft ICÂT?^ ^
al-Andalus bajo los Almoravides, in al-And., iJ<?A
tTA? AtAt tAfA ftft 'BT'SATrA?Ml*f ftRft ?RR? I A%R
'^îOs tAt? ftRtt4T!f RtRft4TfR "^M Ate4 I
t., 'J- 8 o - A ; (d) H. Terrasse, La grande Mosquee
almohade de Seville, in Memorial Henri Basset
t ? ? f ?steR Wt^^J5^ - T t f ^ W l R - R t ? ^ - > i R -WftRCt CtTTOt
iS-Abr % A8J-^^ ; (b) L. Terres Balbas,
(Gomara)-? - ^ t f t ' W t f tTO ft^t4tw ^ p t T O ? F TO? i
(?VJ/iiJbr RC? WT^ R t ? ^ WtR-ftftft? tro 'WT'53?' M t Reproducciones de la Giralda anteriores a su
-4?t AS 1 reforma en el slglo XVI, in al-And., i ^ 8 i t-, 1-
lilt fttlR W t R - l ' G ? t A f t f f f t R R f t ? do- Vd ft. mt Ai'Ji-AJ ; ^ CRt4, La Torre del Oro en Sevilla,
steî'!}- o i f t M l t A f ' T O T 5 R 4 t I R 5 R t ? ? t f C T ? ^ 5 ^ f t ? l R in al-And., i^'08 J. A'Â-'O I
^?RTO I tAte t e e ? -J!! <!^ (Rsft? ARe4? ^ t T C t H. Terrasse (E.I.^)/5lt.W.R. -Mfi^ t'TRtA C A l R t t f
Stftft ftM Rtft ^ îRsiCA I 'et'SAte? TOT ftft RA, ^*f^ ( j l j - . i l ) 8 ( R t CWTtftsstRsfiSat (illuminative
??? ?Ttt (Ramp) ^5T?R C4tfte4 Str?? ftw ctRt vdsdom) RlR ATTO s R ^ ftjRR Mt^'^-M ^ > a ? l t f (?)
AtsliA 1 i<?Ao-i(2-i!sv f s t e r o Re?T îft^-^rs? w t f f t t r a ? ^ [^. eb-Viiîl 'Ai^x ftft ftcwt t A R " ^ M ' R ^ (^. t M t )
t.ft. d/ov ttttf ft^ST:4m
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Contents
t1?ft1-
Hrtfi iftfm I iflt cwm 'Sn' i f e tm t m t i f m i f i conceptualisableHn^'^tmci c m concept-n

i^fftfn f g cn f m I t , n t Imc wfcn litn m^ I i m m ? n , i f i t m c i l i i i f t n i ? 5 ? i e i u f i mnt
f m , CI m n f i t m cwm s^ iitOT fHps (purely equivocal denomination)-lil i i i f i 1 H H
i i ^ i m m I f m t (line) fft? i f c m t citfttitc^mt n , c m <iff?psf6i mtie? m c i t m i f n r c n ; m?^ tfte
(line) f#tcntfm-niHi%,?fi 4 t n i i c ? f # m lilt 9mm S i f f H m H CI, t m n t m i f t H t ^ > m
tm f f t W mt i m fimm (delegation) atm m n i l l f t n j i l f f e^ (analogical theory) H m ? f
l
m I mtt m cm^, tme mfti f i n m w n fsm (Substance)-CI l ^ t (Being)-? i l l iiti
sftw i^fmm i f t * i t 1 i ^ mt! f l i?ffn i t i i f i i f i ' ^ (analogue)-?;ei I H i c ? i Existence ( 1 % f )-Cl (t%fl<)
n I 'ilt w e m catf%c H . Corbin n # n m f mttfn a t l t i t t m fC^ i f 1 H , m H , C1^ c m concept (ati?)
n < i5tiitn s -rnnt mfi, 'mw ifi* imei t n f m m I t m e ? t m I t n m i f i e H e n , liit S n f l ; ? f f f ? i f
CI 2(1^ m t iffimfli, t?fF ' i t i f f " i - i t f f i f i T ^ f i ' i c i t f f i c f CI, t f e i S i i f % I H m c i ? i i n t f t f?fs c?|f?
t m l i n f t n - f f I t n . f i m m n t m i i ' i - f i m i - ? t f t being, (lf%fl^)-'i|?lH m i f S J i ? ^ fieiffw i f c i
'mtfti'i-itififi'mt' i m . i i a i m m m i i c m c m uf^ (l1^Hf%im l f l 1?1f?) n t t H for-Self i n self fi?fw i
f i f t t i 'fffii' I i m m m n t i c i m n , t H t i m . n m t i t 1ft? f f f ^ ci^H n c i , l i i n ' m ' ,?ff?tef H H
i f t n icif imfi I Nallino. lilt m i m i k n nteitnt ^ I C i m n s HH I f ^ a f m ^ afifi i w t i l H
ifiit i m i ifiiten ci, itw i4te^ itmm i i i ^te ^C f2t11 l i t C l ^ c w H f ? i f l (Symbol ofLight)-^
i m . a r c m R f l i i tcmietjt m-citetim itw m m t i i ^ m e i i cwitf m f ifWiC (Physical plane) m f i
tmi^ ^ i t fiitfli I fiifte ftft litlicîtJf i i i i m n m l t d H H f i m t f i H i ? f i m m ? c ? e ^ cmf m t
c?f llf%#? (rationalistic) f n i H . Gorbin i i t I i t e i t n t i f s ^ , n t t m , l i i n c m m t i t ? t H m t t m s n m
f m l e n . f i f ffi t m n r n f f f n utut i m i c n i ?iie?H (Contours) , 1 H * I H m ; f H t t H (CWlff)
lit l l i i f i i m t 'artw'mi ei mm. m i ^ t H ie^ ci, :?tc i f i i ? ? f i t f (indefinable) m f i i t e f ? i i t ? i c i
t H itwHfen 1 ^ , i?t t m attlfii m i ^^t ci, t H i m I t f m f^m? l f ^ (existence) atfr n m ? i f f m
(Being) m (Knowledge)-ci mifist meitl (Pure cis!jtf?ici, cwiff? cwnf H f f ^ c f i i i ? i f f c i f i f ?
Light), ttc Cif i r m i f n t m i c i , i t m , (mit) itw i f i ^ m i f f t H - 1 i f t t f?ttl cm\B> m t cjttii c i c i f H I e n
^5tc S\|, I n t Hte itei, t H m . i s i i Knowledge-n (archangellcal) f 3 i i i f I f t H f f t . H . Corbin ati<51 ffi
i ^ HH Eastern; m l t H East of thought i fHt H, "By this epiphany, the whole hierarchy
CIH m CI, t n t i ' itw m t (ftfii HffifHHT)-'iii ie*u of the Anwar Kahira, from degree to degree,
fif? i m i im i liit cwm t i m ' - n n t m nft. fmt illumines the presence of each lower degree."
tfi i t , H m I ,ci cwitf? atmei I t n t m , f i ^ f f ^ l i f t iit. cmtf . f i f i ? i i t f i e i i m ^ m . i t f t H - ? i f n ^
m m ieji filial let, cwjtf nc^ iit i^H (hierarchy) ?fei ?tei atfft Hsm I t e n S i f ^ f e i I t e i t f i
H ? i t Q f i i
m - m m litei itittH t i m - ^ ^ litHci ^ji I H n i t ; i e ? I i H i m m ? m (Authentic knowledge) m f i w e i

n t n i cwitf? Sti, H H ^?te S>| n l i i m ,'f%f ^ l a t i t f i I C ? , i n ? f i I W i ? H I f i H ie, n S f t
aitHfiimr, cit. i n csHfc Sistfi ^^tfti m n t ifii? f ? f i m f (ObJect)-C1 n CWItf1?HSt (Light
citin m f t i m ' i ., b e i n g ) - i f i f % f a r m - i c ? n t i e ^ l e ^ S f t e i osiitfm
f m *it i l i S i i f ^ m i Cfi^ m m c?tc5t I atffiiste? i e ? I l i t c m 3 t t f m i ^ f ( ^ ^ j j ^ =^ j i j ^ i )
lilt l i i fl^ti? ? I f m Hitei mei H I tm Republic (Illumination of presence ] - n S v | ? f ? i t f f t mt?
i e i n n ? (the God)-ci Siitfi I H îtei f i (the t f i - n i e ? i f = i i t t ? i t f m f i c i i i e ? , IICH l i i i f t j j _ c
Sun)-if affei? carmict H m imei m%fim^ c m i f t t ifimf m , i n f t w s i ^ if^'^m m c i t m
fil?t lf%e^ Itfi H I m lf%^ (being) ^ I H f6m? [intuitive experiences vision] H t i l ^ f f ? i f t
lit S n '^ im' (essence)-n i f n t mit it?ltifcn n j ^ tmif t f % i f f ( ; _ ^ L ^ I ) H 1 ^ i m t n m (unltlve
(Ideas)-'G i f I H f c n itm nitei tHet f i n ; t n t knowledge) I ' ^ ' i i t J ? ^ H i e ? f w t l H m 8 ( i ) Karl
' SfS I l e i n , SffH -^ft afstHs f i n (propositions)-n Jespers i % T Exastenzerhelluhg W ffim i t i i I C ?
m t ti?iei-? af^ (Wisdom of Ishrak) i ctTCtt? c i m n t ( f ) f i ^ i f k f i S t fHs? H H C I H f , n t ' n i mit'
lf%f (existence)-n l e f i m (being)-Ci l f l m (entire soul)-? I t C H c n l f ^ S 3 r i g ^ m m i f ? f a f # r
i m (reality)-ii)? S t u e i Slijfl^ igt ,tiilt^ i "it being m c ^ ^ ' f H i t H ? ' f ^ mficHi l i m i if?H
tntf- f i a e m
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If m HRlHt irc=1lR> i m mx mntf Aristotle-iil? ê S\|-mml l i i IC?, it?eij? i ? e ? i i i , m f p - n

(Peripatetics) i^fm m u m t silTsf mm -finll-n IVIanichaean-i1^ tntfifm i f i H IU ^tci i
f p t ' Q I t f f f f f m l f ' l - t i m i - ' i ) lilt Him U t u t a f l R H. Corbin t n ^sittfiuf ii Hfi i f f i fiien fen-cHf
i m I t f t Parmenid-n fnttm lit 'nf imtmt m i (Hermes-Thoh) imfi n H f i n f fifi?^ if??ten i
fift fHf%Hi (rational) m t f f n csfrtfsii lilt ifite SifiS^ iiH i ^ f i s m i i mfimH Hsiemf
(illuminative) mt i t m aiff i c f , i f w o f i i f itm lt*uei mi?f?, ei iititm mfe?sf ntei ? i f i leitcHcn
cifimfm t f t t 2ffi^ m ci, t n t i ^f^î i^fiH cimiet t m îimm fii?H fiemt ifie ?tc? i nj^f
m t t j mTfiffci fiifi it?iti(sT fwt
ic?, ill^ itnteiî Hnii sfmen (Hermes)-n S^s?tfiifHil
(Conceptual thought) ^tc Sv| nutsH n t m w i HfiH Siici fi^ fn I i n ^ H S m , HftH ften ^ t
^ tff iHim <s ifif^ttTm ntifi ( j , i . - ) - ' i i H i f ^ nt im mm iT^ iti?? i mmat cm ?ft?tie? ift
fl int ffitn I t n (jjj - mi^)-'ii f i i f itci i ititfnfe? i m i m i m H t I I C I mmt mnm ^^sff?
fif it^ fti C5tm iflt wstn; H ^ R ^tf: ff%: Htc itm ifigm li) iHffme? fm ie? c?, !ftm i # ? m r
It ; mftn H i l t cim iIlni (revelation) I f <aift u f cm ?Tf^ ieiJ Sm iT itf% m mf H t I f?
n H meii-n ^ fsjm mt ifl i mmm ift
i f ^ (Call) i t t c ^tc? I imi 'mtf-n S c i m n mm
iftHimm? Iteifi fli nt i H n mf^ mnm tiH-itî
ifitim i t ^ ^stc" ( i s s b-(?) I t i u c i ? f i i^t msmi
(if?fHiff)-iii? iff ififc nt mmm fif^ ifln?
m , lilt i m fiii i r t i i f fic cHm tH ^ t c i fntîti%
niTf mtei n ^ (m i t m ?^^mi) i m i f t t ^ f nH
fSm*nmt itit^ mit mm c u t , uiiti ( ^ j _ ^ ) - n
mtfiHien ift fif^tc? fa;, ?ft?fiien m e ? ifl i
?mit ( l i t , ' j i i t m i f f t H f f mm), i ^ i fffitf.
Hen f i i t i m w t n c i t c i n H ff l a n i t m fiem
cieit^ss n ^^Hei t n ?tffi?Tt imt^ tf?ffiiJi (
ti?tfi?Tf) HH'tin H e i ifH ifiiten i mtss liit
n t m cie5t-tn 'fit? S m i , "^H^ o i f i i a i i t a w
cgfH cn i w mitm f i i t cfffic itfifteii lift itIH
l i i (Philosophy of emanation. Intellect and
?tc Hm fii fim^ i H ' m mne i f m I H mt m,
Spheres)-n itiffe ; ff?tnt?f f i e w tft i f i i t e n i
f i g t H c i f t i t c f n H ? w f , mtiU n i ^ - i j (Reality)-
8f/ioi iTfc mieif 'sem len m^ i^fme? i ^
<^fcm Sn meHi I H ^^t'; t m m i ^ i m n
f i i f w mimf H H i j (Valid) ^tc ife? c m n
iH^s 'c# leim Hff ^mm itH ifi H , lffi mm 1H
n H f C U t H e i ifliH iîr^tn (unltive) f i m s l i e ? Sff
^t mmtfif^tmemiitQ i iei t f m ?ntif iitf?r^f5f?
I H m, m m r t (Spirit) ' m i c i m m i c ? i liit Spirit
(Peripatatics)-len Sn m ilt i itd tHei ifit
I t IC? I t i t H iftt tff l H itf H5f (Transcendental
I H ^tifcf "m?]tfn len Sim"-?ici i fHt ff?f?t?fci
Being)-? I f H H f | e H mHH ^ (H. Corbin) i
t n nt^fium tfnff^ tntfifii-n i s f s ; I H m f i H
R. Arnaldez (E.I?)/m^ H e i
mm i^ffff lef I Si?f mrtfimii f f t m tm fiu m
tpnfisipT smrnit'^fium?^ ^ It ^ mem f?fi?i imei i m r itrnrcn i f i f t m
ufwf ( ^ i c n n H f i e n n ) i t i m (f.) i m ff!ef5 itfimfii ^ t n t f iiH iflime? cmr t i m - ficiw
m i t f imi ff?t'3it?f? ffiiiei i^t i t e i i f f f I H f? i mm mtjffn S^?gf?m W H icifwj ^c ite? i ?fite?
ifici5 lilt HiH m f?ti I fH fnt?T?f cit tm mnen Sn ?t ifii ^^Si H cn, t i m ' imei
i f H t f i f i I f i i t m H H t H m mr lat nfH i e i t w j , fif tm ?mH 'i!t ^?f? m, I C I f ? t f f rm I C H i n iHr
lilt i^ SHc i t e ? , i H n e i ,'fre#%'ii
fff i e i f w i n "ilt iite? m, fH iTi=fe? c i t im ^^c I t e m It i m
(Hermetist) 'cifi%'i1 (Tethist) itfmt ff? 5f< irf HmtmmmiejiHfnieH ' f f ifHmtcifiiTm i
^c f i l e ? C I I ( i f f : ) - n I C H i n S H H (Uriya) If^ 'n'
^stfsi^t
if*5irtf
ticiicii. fi?ircsjr?n, cacSr/tnfcis f'=T-f^. 5
' i?Fi
mcii-
f?t<i irtstHit?-, it?\ii, it?-fi?r/ti5itcis f%imif. j?mt^ m^^fif^
t n t f fiiem
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tm
</Im# t5^tfn ^^mmf? m m m 1^2|lHa (f.1-1it)

^*rH(f.^)
, t*itiiRfji Itmw iu mf m I t I itmwpiotinus-nm ^"fBlt (s j L i I ) 8 "It1f5f, f ^ , ttfi" 111tm?it?3
tn'i-'imtf? It m n fw m?fti>ffift^ ^5t?n m^ if?tmitt? tm allvision (it?t^ Seal) i f i t ifimci,
ifti ifii fttlt^ mj ifi-itsr i i m ifetfci fistwfft fif t m i t i f i i nen f s t c f (Connotation) ifl-WtfHw
fftt I f f fptmîf ^t ifciitf m i f l T f t t n fit (f. I t l t l , ii., b-o ; fim^m, if, oo) m icn, m ,
imT?r utut i f k iiî ^twfftim, fif t m i t i ffi Hn, fim, mtsm itHtm iim, mit, n t , i f f m cmcn
fitw t*lifi1 ^c iftnilt I iHtiti H. Corbin iHift?t itm iff? ttfit (f. ftit<Ci-'itfi ciitti Itut fitfn
I t n , "tim-n îfm i f i i t ^ ' i - f i f f , tn'i- i m r fi îwifb tt?ici) mtt? cit f t ^ i ? i c ? itfi
"mtf tmf f'm iijitiitn Sii iiffi ir? fimi mm fwt-iim m i if?m i t t i iitm tit?t m n '(5.
i%tfli mm liiims mfimt?i m:imi mti i mm) I mij ncmti ^Si m m ^Si, iîft i i f i (titm
fif i n fmi cut m, timfi-gri' i f t fptMjm^f? ^3) itfiti m? i u ifim ifit imm i c ? ifma
i n tmf ifitfiitn wm uttifts mwo ^t mnt i-ffiti mm fSm-mim n t i m n (mm, ii.,
itt?itfttn itut i t n i imf i w i f i fiiti fn nt H i . ) , m fi C!jtm l i f i ^ cm ^ mm (Concrete
mrntrns tmti t^ttn if%f fmmi i tHti? itm ij^f^ fiut idea) iitcn wm titm it?nwf? ^t i t t ? i tm i t n
l f l fitnmt? SttitmiT s ( i ) itifm-fi i f f ? t # (f i ^ s v o n? I U ItiH i f i i ? t ? i i t n n t *Hfi itim t ? t i
ft.), f ^ f ^ mfiiitn tfmi i t i f m fim?^ f n i f l i f 5 i w itm m ; mu m mt? nft n m i t t m n
^^m^ ifm ifimtn n t cit it^ tm ^tjt i?^ imti (?f^'i-tit?t) f=ntc? ^3 tsif mte? nft mm n t i
wm iifi if??ftn i ffi nsft ?jfî i ? ^ i m i t n i i m fiit uti, ifma c^c^-im i e ? , ntm (f. ftii)
(c^) om mnt "fitf . ivso Wt cmm ifimtn, ?iief i u ? f i ? i ? n? cim m f f imsm itmwi i c i m
Itfi fnt^sm?f? t i m - n ff i f m ifimfi n t cn ifim i i ? t c m t n tm Stai im n mm if? ifffei,
i w ifftf mtti fmtmt? ti?tti ? fi% i i i i?itmtn r i u leim S^mfci, its n fiimimei i i t i ? # ? f uei;
^ unr ^tc I f t m im m ci, f? itiiitn if f m c i f i i m l i i i f t if?ff ltd I t m i t e i , mm t n
itfij liuft citfii?nt iimtHtimm imit?mt i ( t Q i , i m f ?fe,m'1-titit f i i - m i ) itf^'S I t i t c ? >itte?
i l i ^ 8 ( i ) Carra de Vaux, La philosophic
fifiw ifimen i ( c m e n laift itei) " f i f ^ i c ? n t f^
illuminative d'apres Suhrawârdi Maqtul, in J.
I C ? ; tm ifm;H^ i i f i i m , ff i i i i i c ? , ivme?
A., i f e i . ( i f e o c ^ f ) ; (^) n. t i m , T h e Development
of Metaphysics in Persia, i m i f e i t o f. ; (^s) C. A. iifm i e ? , ff iHfft c n , i f e i i i c ? n t f i e i ? i e ? ,
Nallino, Filosofia, 'orlentale' od 'Illuminative'd' Tei I t m I C ? , le^f? 2tffei i - i e ^ m i c ? ,
Avicenna, in RSO, io/8,1. (ifeê %); ( 8 ) M. Horten, meiJttgi I C ? n t c i t i t f i i c ? , i ^ i c ? n t S^ c n ,
Die Philosophie der Erleuchtung nach ( f i c n 1) fittm m e t n t Sit?te? m le?" (A. R.
Suhrawârdi, Halle 1912; (e) C I H , Das Nykel-n I f m , 8 8 ) i t n ^111 '^t n e n f i i titm-n
philosophische System von Schlrazi, Strasbourg i f i t fimen n t t<ici? i f n n (iu f ^ i t f i t m?m c m c n
1913 ; (to) H. Corbin, Le bruissement de I'alle de itm ?^ ?m n f ^ n tmtfi) i m ifi?ten i f f i f m
Gabriel, in J. A. 1935 ; (l) ciil, Les motifs i m C I , tmm i f n t t e i ? t ifm m i t ^ i f i ^ f f i t t f i
zoroastriens dans la philosophie de Suhrawâirdi, m C I , i e i i mf%? i n t m m i f ffite'ifmSf i
Cnt1 i f e S t o % ; ( b r ) C i n , Ed. of Euvres
I f mmt i i f i ? mm ffife nm ^ t n t itemiei
phUosophlques et mystiques de Shihabaddin
Yahya Sohrawârdi, I, Bibl. Iran. 2, Cnt1-iltf?i
mm mit iu? i i t t i mm i f ? , i t m i tmci cmm
t f ? [f. Iflt i m 8 1 ^ i t ^ m mfif "i-^m^f? i t ^ m - ,
ifeef (. ; 11. Bibl. Iran. 17, Cnt1-Utfii i f e i o v(. ;
(fe) cin, dim I f i m ifitf? fimfi-mitt? (Le Livre (j_î ^ j j i ^ _ H H ^ c > uO, ^ cms i f titm
(f. I f l - l t n t f , if, ie ; L A , S . V . W H Y ) i ifn
des Penetrations metaphysiques), Bibl. tm, ^,
1., cnH-iTtf?i i f e S t o (. ; ( i o ) 1^ cm, Hlstoire de la ttfii^tn 'flift i t i ^ i m m i t t i ufi, i u fff,
Philosophie islamlque, iltfil i f e t o 8 ; ( i i ) tn i f f f f , > & i f f i T iff mm af1Tfti f m m w s ^ ;
<3?t5fi?Tf, Ancient alphabet and hieroglyphic m t i f n I t n mmf i t i f s H f (i) mm i m iH m f i
character, nft. J. Hammer, m i V o t o *(., 'J. feo-ioi i i f i e n mm i f c m c m n? i t ^ m i i m n i f i ?
R. Amaldez (E.L^)M?^ mci i t m - i f i r t n i f f i5ffiNs m m i f ? i c m c m ^ m
t n t f fiiem
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Contents
t*M
trot
Isj^ At W H t C ^ T A t I A ? # ? I At Wls[t<5r^ ^[flAf^tt, -gttAiwt, '5?tASRt, gRtAtAi (g..-gtf?iwf) i t?H'R-ttt?t
^ ^sfACR t^jtfA S t s n ^ A w t t ^ f t [a. Baya (j-i-e) HILF (demonstrative)-'^? w ? i g . t ^ 1
AL-FUDUL, SAFAKA (<_i_i_i^) YAMIN etc. 1 I Atft st^-tft g A?! aTA^ Re?T %1%ft I ^fttt ttlAT " f f l ^
Att?5A t t l A l A ift R J ^ Rtt^ (5. ' W t A l A t ) A t 0 5 t t f t A t A t A t atlAt ft'P^ ttft!fA4 m < ATAAfA tTCTO I ft?'?
Ttft 4''C'^-il 8 f # 4 A ? i 1 A ^ Sf-ptA^tt ACS A t A t TOR 1 >IC'ail?^'t4'lW t A t A Attf W < 8tRtR A t AJttIt R t C ? ? atlAR R A R
^ - W t f t w tAlA A l A f ? fitC^ i f t At R t l ^ AJAAtra? A ^ f t ? AA R t 1 t 5 ^ t # e t A t A t T t R 4 W < Atc ttC? (tC?!^ Scwt)
AfAlA WAT i S i ^ f t f ^ W J C ^ ^ f t A t ftAtT^ ; - p t t ^ At AAtA "Allusion" A t "allusive Language" (tewt^
7 [ f t ^ T f t f t a(4te*tA W A T S A T A ^ AA I iAt) I t s A t # e (it t ^ f R ^ m^ Rt?e4t4 r?te41?ctf*f TO
wr^lAtetA ^ e f T f t ? Î'l^lfi^ At arftft ft R ^ I. AtAt 8tT^ êit (Mallarme) w e t ^ t ^ M
Goldziher-'ilA R1R!75A 1*f^ S t R t R A T t f t ? # T A ftfg (Suggestion)-'^!? RT17CA S f t Afftc?? AC? S f t sTO,W t ^

AERl?, AAt Orient. St.... Noeldeke, Giessen 1906. ^fttt lat W < a t ^ f C t ? W?T C? Wt?ft " t ^ ( ?.?.
i. 303 ff. ; ZDMG, i, 495 ff. ; Abhand. zur arab. j j ^ J ) "it we<f A T A A t ? ?5?t og? RCA TO? t A t alltision
philologie, 1. 55-7. ii, p. cv (analysis by G. H. W < apTt? ?5C? R f ( J -<il? W?T g . W t ' - f f t , gAT', vSÔtr) I
Bousquet in Arabica, vii (1960), 22-3, viii (1961). AtR ^ t t ftwcm^ w t A S f R - t t l A T (the Allusionists)
269-72) ftft CA R 4 R A 2 t ? s H ^ftAtClR lAt R t ^ A # T O AftAT Wttnt? TOR WtAT ACRR CA, TAteA? R ' t ? ? ft??<^
W A T WT5f t r ? A t t StCAtWA I ' ^ ' R - t t T A t , ^ t ? TAlAt W < armlet? S t t A e ? t 5 l^lCtft
?54ft WRf%? ATAAtA 4 4 l 5 l i ^ g W t f t T O A A J A A t C A A ?5e?? R t , ??lIAlCiTS( wftâ1? ftAAtê^^ f^dtAT ttC4? A t A t
A ftf A l f ^ . Ate t A t s t # S R t R AA, ftctA Alf?: 5 lilt tîfet '^ftie w T t ? i 4 ?s?t ? t ? I ttiAT^ 'it w e <
ft^JC? AlRtft ^ l t < H W A T AtC^ t t l A t ftc?A ?s!Sr ( t A ^ ' R - tAtAt ( 5 j l J c )-'iI? fttft, 'ilt We<f RCA CA, RfSlC'*!^
W t ^ % , S ^ ' R - t l A T , O r A , , A ^ * i ) W t A f ^ m^ Wt?,'R AtAt (Symbolical) m t AfSA (realistic) t?1? fttit wt?t
C4tR A j f w ^ wfAtAA ftCA? TO (WtR-RtAtf, f t A i R , A t . , itote? RCA CA, <ii?slS ?it?5 (Paneble)-(as ft-^ (abstract)
A<!sA) I S R t A A t A ? i t f i f f t ^ ^ C AAA T l t A l A ( g . o ^ ) W ^ tRtA A i t f S f t ?sAf ? t ? R t , A ? l l i t We^" CA, "?lAt Wt?e?s
<l<)4i^ 4 | t f t , C?RR W t A A t c t ? RCnr ftATAlR,.git WATtAT w l ? t R 'sjRTJff" (incommunicable) 1Af " w t ? e 4 w t A i R ' m "
ttTAfS ftftAf AftAtC^ I CAAR tASft' (a.)-4A C T O t I I. (Communicable )-'i!? fttltt<ft i fttft Atc*c^ c?f?tAT
Goldzlher A f t A t C ^ , t a R ^ ^ s f R ^ " s i t ^ t t T s i R ^ wf ftif aftfft^ t ^ R 4 R m^ , t A t ? t - ? W 5 f ^ 'it Wef
amt TO TO^ RiRt (g. tttA^)-'il i S t % ttlATA ^ CA, Ate?s a}?sff ?5?| ?1? mx *WJ)ti CRtTO 1A!C1<I rAtA
A<ftt A f t A T ftftAC^H, 'ft l i t ^ TO4t^ ^'^l'^ ^ WTAtR RSA 1 R?ft W f t ^ WAIT ?1Tft4 WfC?? R ? s R R ^
W ^ ^BÎICA, CTARRtATOt (#t), v(*)lRÂ't, V^'tilt!, R f W f ^ A t A t A t ? 'if?^ R t i p <iI4 ^ Wte S t % A A , CAtte?
(L_cj) I tfr^-'il A t ^ ^ l ^ (R-)-<4R wf S C ^ WlatAS T5T? ?t?tT (concepts) 'S A t ? s j (words)-'i!?-AJ?At? K R
( i l T O p R T ^ a l R t T R A srltc4 tftt AA ( 5 . R l R T ) , f Rt I A?ft RT?4 t R ?stT Aftz tfC?? 5 t v M - t t t A l A , W < t .
( g . ) - ' 9 AtCA t^ '5CtA t W ATMt A S a t R l A t ' F ^ t C t R RT?,e4ft4 tifte RCA, A?^ ^4t^t?Rfft c?t? t A i f t e (by
RtR * i t c t l M l ^ Bw<^ A t y 1(^=1, A T t ^ isptwt ( g , 5^5rt)-m approximation) i eA 1ft RA^tt W?ft stle?5? c?, ftft CA
R A A W T ^ t C t A 1 ^ AtCA 1^ At?t ^ ^SRsft ftCtA r,tAAltf

ftAC? A5?|T AfteC^ CR ft?e? WltRt3 ATft^ttt *[tAt?
tttAt ( i T f ^ t W t M l A 'iR' ft^ *rac?? ^FtA-'iIA,W5|Tg. ^|R>A"1) I ?stf wt ( W t R - A t R t A f ^ , t'WTp^, ?nAe?T R?., %
WtA'S A ^ t t l A f t C ? A t l A W C t ^ SIIAÎCA; ^ S t C A CA brH{>) J 'it!r? -it > ( f t * t ^ a f ^ t ??fte3A ^fACt t t t A t ?
R?sR t r o t ^ t 4 A t A t R ' f i t A t A c t t , C4?R; m o r a R t R 4 tAf c?A? i)4ft35 ^ (esoteric) t A t A t1?t ^ , A t A t f t ^ # ?
(uninitiated)-cff? c ? t ? t R l RCA W t A t ' j f t ^ s s t C A tAte?5
, l#5t? R?ftf ^ t t A t A R f t R S ^ ^ A t e t t C A (5. G.
Lemoine, Les anciens procedes de calcul surles
lAtCW5l WAT We?t?tAJ Aftm A t t t A t ? t C ^ , ^ t Wt?ftc?s tAt
doigt's in REI, 1932/1. 4-8) l i#5tA t ? - t A R^^R
WtAf^ AAt?,M??t ( i ! ? ? , l A t A Wt^r? ftA??f t f
wtatA^ Re)j tAT?ict ft?tw -^f??!? ^ t ? c t 'it r?T ftwe^ ?R
W?,ts}At?nfttt t A t C 4 < ^ ftf^ R?5C4C _TAteA? AttA ^
\^^\0 ^t ? # ? I T t^rst CA C 4 t R R ? , t J 4 WT's-SR Sf^T
(At
?#?t? a } A t f afR^ft ^ 1 i^RfAR TOR, RA ft^ff
TO mx l i R t RACA Sft W T ? , ' Q R R ^ C ^ CslfS RSLtTt S ^ t TO (nlvice) W A t r t "il^ RAes WiSlACf att^c>T? 'i!??,tAm t t t A t ^
tAT (allusion) aft^ A t C A ; 9^ c? ATft? A ? t t W ? ^
(WtAt 'cwt?' At ' C A C W t ? ' A C R ) I CA A T I ^ R M R ^ t T t W J A t A
4f?e tte? C R w f t AA, iflt a t f s R i t R j w o ^^Sc t i e ? ftft^
CstTA'3?tR)-<i(? RC?TÂ?C?.Stf A t e ? CR W t l t allusion
mm tt-?1e5i?tAt? w?T ?TAt 1^ftaRtet tt?ft; R t t
ftgft? Ae!j w i i t ^ tte? ( W , A A 8 ) i wiR-Atarw-iii? RC
ttRtft ft'ê?t?
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Contents
t n t = m t i t
" W i fH tint sfnti iHu5 ItHn fH f?rtffti H I ^tc tm file? H i t n t c i tH i H n i i mm

ifft i w f t w I f cs\m mnrsnmd *s?i itnt ititf Spi n, ircm SrwicHU m-mmfi-fi-timtffimrt h c i
Coin? titm-n icn I msmtitf I t titn c^tt (ffi)-d tntfi itm f n ^ f i s (imrm ifs>i/ib-b-;^) nt ib-'is
i H n i i m , I t mtt titmi (Essal, 361, no. 11) i 1%m-'fl a f i t t i icnH finf m?ic?ict f m f i i t m i i
ifitf n f itisti f? iit ifim tifiti C I i<Ht (f^sm) fJtm^f-ffjf.^H fitf'-fmii' H C I atmi icn
ifiiti, c i t tltlt tmi f f W f t i i f W T . It? V51/S>1 Shc tfi clfl m^sfi (film i i m m ? t ) . tnff^
i t f i itititH W l miitw "s fptitm n f ifiisei i f i t c n fim iitm i m i
(School).I m f c n ciiti tmi H^ i f im n i f i n n tH H"s?iifii'i-mrm f m tt' wrmi fnm
m i f n n c n i m itt tiftt imc:ii ff%r i wfm mn i^fHHi i ^ mt i m i S h c i f r b o ^ . i t c ib-îs
Itfitfii' ( f i 8 i 9 / w ) - n a f H i t c m f i t i f i - ' f l i i t n % i w cntim iBHifi mmmfti fini iftitci i mtiti
CI, fisn fiittn i i n (tmm.) ttfi (titm) nfi icnH i t # r f i i m H f i m i t i iHmn (f. D . M . ) s New
iHH mmn fimfcn wm n t flfnH fim mt^cn Haven im? J.P. Scheltema li i f e f o ^ . ^ iift
( ^ i j ^ ) w m I titm tmm iff3iw fnrtci Sfffi mHi The Lebanon In turmoil; Syria and the powers
^ wttn-n n t f i i mir?i fimHii fntcn mftfi c f n in 1860 ; Book of the marvels of the time
cifim m^ n ; tif imm?i fiirHii tH it^ ifim concerning the massacres in the Arab country
i r ^ 1]^, m titm? irm atm icn mn mssni H W a m i f i mf I tm mm ( f .ib-b-s. '^.)-? tHmi
Itfim ific itc? (f. p. Nwyla, Exigese coranique, itHcj ticn mi^ fli i f m i m i m ? n t ^tcri s
167) I tn'^-'itmf atw titm 1sâ8tH^3 SrgirmiT I mfi itfm-fn f m'ftim-fp (??i ib-v f^nfi-
f?tifi ar^ s n t # f i ? t m S w fH fim, "tm ir?llf?'(2??iC ?nm fH ^ H C I i Brockelmarm E.I. i
fwfii mm irm titm wnm ir?-mm anti (tmm)-n i l l itnri Iflt iisfi? ?i>f?i ttifc? ciin? mm H i
Iti ifim m? I fim iitri t m - i cif m sfSfg Sell ifimen (f.itf^ffiSi) I
i1i#f 8 F. Bustani, H t H f "l-H'llfil, f 1, ^8\r i
icf Sif itc mf nt litwmt tmn t m t m .passage
imtnt ifin (E. L^) cms cmien Sfi
n t mi I imic^ titm m ijtcii j)-t ^ mm art
ttfi afiti im t^?ici" (<(_ji j L i i i d j i j ; ifffm-it^Hmt,' ^ - r [ ' T O (f. f m-itnin)
imt. O. Yahya. 220) i fmt titm mm ItH Sf^ ^Î^KW (f*!*^-^^) t f f f ^ f - f l ^ - 1 t i f f
mm S^ ^mci iît ^tcn imm fafci n t f i i ^ i c i i (^jj.r<.\i ^jji ._j=J5j>. jjj.iî) sit%nafmiitf
>flt mcit fiif emit iHr itfertm ci, mmn i H f i m I fim f ^ m - f m ffm mtm fm (-jj_^)-n
if ttfi (allusion) mtt it^-t nt i^t ttfi nf? i i t H f e i i t % n i m m i f i i m i tH Hmm?
itcincw nt tic mrf H (f. fH','If. ffo) I t i m m s? H C I iHfB i i t % n f i f i i fimim lem
i1i# 8 nt a t n i icm Sf%fi i f i m tiftm i t i f i i H f t f "s atm-atHiH? tiemra
p. Nlwya(E.I.^)/cmHmîfHîtnti ntcim if%itf ^lemu flm ii^fsmfiiii fftei
^*(<pKhrtiT(iî j . i : , i ^ ( ) stn n'f i t n itim, iti-Hfif'1-fitm m-Hif?itmrnarf^ fiwf m t
J i ^ m t f ifliwi I t i c i f i m I 'itntfiSi' itci fH i f i i m-ffaff'i-^Nti-Hfisf i t n ^ ^ t SitH mme? Seii
f i f i f ( T j . iirb-e I m f itttcji atH ficn i ^ f iHiten I tH iWife H C I Htffn itemi nt H. b-is.
flm Hm fH i i l n c f i fiit liitfi m t ? f i i t m H C I f f i i f i i w atm ? m mm nt cm cm cms
Sistim iHi m i tm ^^t i i i atr^tt? ici 'iHti i M ielt?T? ift c i i mm i m i
imfc aitwtH i f m cmjg ficn m t l Htir n f n I 1 1 % : ? ?Tfiitc? tnti at^te? f i m timfm Sigiemu-
tm i H 2 # I t w (it) fimmf'i-'itm f itntH'i-'itm ffim I t n i m rwSnifftf ftifi iH t i m i f i i f i e i
(Marsellles-'fl ivef '^f. ilffi n , mifi fimtH'l- ffi iftei i m iff tif<? i m i itfmi ifs (^^^ . i , . , . )
'itm H C I i\rh<=\ "Snc itriifi itmi iitfi mt) i Hif Iflt a f m iff I f i f i i wmmien lem tnti ime?
tH tm ( i b - t o S i b - b - i f) m t f 1-Hif f iti'itH cwm-w??if%? f H i ^ i ? i m i f i m "s i m if? itstm
'Itmm ' I t f i Hci f "sm 'itim Citmmti mm i t m ) ?l I f i f i i t m i I C I f f m o n I f i n ^ t i m T^H"
imtnf icn iîit tnr mitiitn 'mif^'i-itm f siti icn nt iflt if?ei tH wnef? His "fiitm? fs-fim'
rnmitHf-^'irmt'i-'mm' h c i ib-ev {.) ntmimtf "i- H C I i f f t n I m % n sitfi msitm 'mfii imi
i t i m H C I ( i b - b - o ^51.) tm îtH i i afirfi mt i i^'vo f f m t n "it^ m - f H ? f mi-ftitHf? fiit timm
tntf fiiem
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Contents
fiii^B (Hmn?) t n f f R m - f i m - i H f f t \SO\S r m - m p i % t
m *itf? 9m imf mn nt ttfn nffm tm n^f i^t ^-t^fmnf rH-n^!Rii#i^ ( ^ ^ a j ^ v i j j

ifen I tdij i ^ b - b - mfei 'mf mtwf ' ^ o o mtmi memfifimi-n menmm? mei itif^ ifirsftf? mifii
i?.%t nfnTffra mfra min icn nt cmi? t ? t g (m^. \oo (.) I i?iff? fcmi ^. c?cnm mei vgfie^feei?
mm? ?i ifntf tnti itnt tmtm? nnt^ mf^mi i t f i rmmici? lem tffnt nrcim ifli "a ifitfimci
imc? iflitiimr? mficmi icn i fftcn ^flt ii,i?m i i T im <5t 1 tntf c i i i f c f Q tm im fn if?ii i
tisicm?^ tntm? ittm Sn i f ? im? t?m? ifnttn i ifasm ffmst iftseii ^5te mmm? ieii ie?, mm s\%
f i m timm m m imw itmmci^ m?n nt mm nft fim smm (illuminism)-n fH ie? nt
mn icn i f m itm^ffi ir?t?f? i c m ticm? ic?i1t mm mn iiw tmfi ieii nT-?tte5t%i mm ift
t?cnic<j ScsiicmiT s ( i ) tti t t f IJICW? si-SlHiîit i - f f e i itfHff fll I miei^ I t n t m i i ? m ti?i:^ fm i i ^
?^ itnt cn ; (i^) w ? T i m n i cici titn im n ; () <)f?tf f ^ i ^ f i f meimrn f^m ie? nt mm îFii
mf-?i tifmm wiim t i i t ^tc fn i ? fft cm n i tntf ff^ff ^ ^te [%mien lem itspti f? t -ît
mâm m ^ mm is?? cmm im mi (s) ?f m c?tij ie?t 'flfie^fti itenmmm lem fimwm iitf^ i f f 5
titi fRs'iff ttiitci ci?i ifim Sm mm ?f ^ c?ti]f5f im Cptolt?<t> Cfen^tSen (Frederick ii, Hohenstaufen)
?? f?5mn I 'G f f t n i t i * ^ (5.)-n lem i^ fifimm? m^ i m
ivofeb- mf? r?^ t? mspim iimn ^ttt itemtfin (5. J A , 7e Serle, xlv, 1879, 404-49) i
^5fi^ fa f i m tiitmcn ti?^ itittm fm mîm âilci4wi^m-n f ? f imei i H itmm fii mt m i
fire?? mfm mttci Hti i^wci itn n n t m m n t I C I ii?f? "EHmH?tei m s f i Sn ^^tc it^ltt m f n
^mti Stcfl-i 'G m^ m?mn imci?c^ tim ? 5 c ? i i ?cfg mm? iff im t t ^ i c i i tme tmn mi-tfmm
fncn ? 1 m mf? 1 f t n n t ti?im? itmi m f c n t i f mi-tiitif?iri ?fm if??t tmn itfiiei?' wtn
^^c m m i inci? ici itmr? itm itim ticii i m menwratm ift if^fgrci iu im ?t?tei, fiH cmei
i r ? i I iiirm i t i ^ ticiii ir#? ^^tc itm ?'Gmm ^tci I f m (Galen) (g. wtffi)-n ift fiitei H-a n nt
t f i itiirm i ? t t n c?, m^m cm i n inr tiitm i??f I t e i iflcici uqfm?sf5f? i i m iirtn fif^ n (g.
itsn fn n s c?tt 'G n ?f ^ Sic#n iitm Galen, i 8 l , toCi<H-fe ^ ^1, cîb-, ntt. Kuhn) i mesif^Hmi-
firii tntm i tfc fiitm ifi^ ii^ Stiji ^5tm Sdi n t m menwtmin^ ^fit i f l i t imn fti im. n nt ^flt
miicg i f i c i mm f n iflift mmi iatn m f m if?f5fH cm m^ ^ m t i^rtei itmm it^ IT m:im
f i i 5 cm i m i mr?im i i ^ t i i fn c?, mfif Sirftmt ifi?5? finemu eir? Sn iffl Hm mm wtm m m i
I t i f I t i m mr fmn f i ^ n? fin fH mfm fiit ut c n H itiifspfii fmmnm cm "sfu mts ifc^tfiHmi-'fl?
f ^ itfim 1 'mf? n ffic itfim ci, f m cm itcnwtmn ifeb- '^fei m t tm ic? uiciei miMi wm
ntj tm imitc? f i t i fimmm fiit ut n m n nt ifis Ufeim De anatomicls admlnlstrationl-
mfi cii ifimen i f n i? mfif fimm fi?^ cw busimmH ib-o '^stm <2c?t fifi n nt cititm itfiiei?
itim n I ? t ^ ^?Si, tifi ffiimst ^ t i F ^ i m ift t?fm3 menwim itâ^ i m m'sm m, m utt i^?jH i?itf
m ^ i ^^tc i t ^ ?m ?5f?e m n I l t d fm f n itme^ tH if|e?ti i m i fH i t i i t
f n I t i t c i fin fimtm f n ^ ^5tci f ? tm i n f ?i ?nm fi ?m if|e?fi it?ei (f. K.
m i f f m f 5 : m m mn famn i f c i tfim tfi Bardong, in Nachrichten von der Akad. d.
tHemi mef? ? ^ f g j mfim # n mim Sieii cn Wissensch. in gottingen, phil.-hist. Kl., ifes^ f ,
n t cstj^ f 3 itfmiff f ? itm 'mf itf Sitti m if?m too8, to\5i, bos) I iffiici? itcnwtm-mft iTfeim
imi? tftn i f l i m i iî^ m?fei t i itmrf ifi^fim f^'iicTa im tH fiew mtg tifimen mm mf f i Stiift*.
ifim b - i f e / i s i t o I t e i tfi tififi i m I m cm Segi i t i iirfin mn i ^ m n timm mi-
i ^ i f g ( i ) .f5:-tm iitii fiH^mf, mfi - t fifiimi^, mmff mi-fimif itfiifSfitn irreiin c i 'msm
i o i i m , irffm itnftf; ( i ^ ) i t f i 'm?f'i-mf?i mi- m'ifim tim timtim C I W i mfie? mtt flm
miff, fimf'1-itîtf^ (o) m'tmf'i-m'irf?ti'i- (Uteim itftfmi fimf% mm ii?f S-sri ism mm wm
Smrfim, mirnm, m? i f e s i f , ôi, c^fe-vso; ( s ) T . W . f . fim fini) i uit iiesf tm ciffmrtf n . ci, if?f?
Arnold, The Preaching of Islam, Item ifeîsi f , ^. i^Hîe 4?c%itf lien fi^nci n m mi?\fiti?ti-
m ifenwrm Se??t iti SHfi i?tmef, S m m ^ i
. Si. c^. i|-sr. NSfitf? mf
Herminus^ lii^ i i 1 t HP5te?t i^nei iir im mte
t m f tiiem
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Contents
WtR-t^4Ht? WtR-Wt^Flfft 'Oo8
TTC? [^. Heinrich Schmidt, De Hermino RS,M ?itAt3t (^. v a n E s s , % i i ( } - 8 - s . ) i WRSA Rt AtcR's
Peripatetico, Phil. Diss. Marburg 1907, 6 ; F. lilt? t A t ft<? ?Rt W T ^ lilt R 4 R t f t ^ o R ft?5 ^ t R ' S
Rosenthal, in Oriens, i t (i5(2-8 b>t>, 1S ; S. RSJ?tft A ? , t A t ft W t T R 4 W t ^ A??. TO? WAAt f?5 (ft1?At?s)
Pines, in Isis, (2-A t . (iSs'Jsi Ô, ^^11 W t A f i^ftrAJ? (RA? T A f T R tAt Rtft AA I lilftr^fSTTO
ftM w ^ p i w s Rt W I wtcR4wt^-<im wTOw? Metaphysics-iiR m^ A T t t l R ftitl W?.t iil4tlc<l
ft^ Tppo t^n^TA RC*)! ftiR? t*i<i4 w f t R R A R T R ^ 4fi?tC^4t?5 T?t? ?ôRT? lilt A l t t T t f t
(g.), wt^ R t t ^ w n r - f t R t t f t , w i ^ ft*m Rt?RtnR R^RARIt t t T ?Rt A S t A ^ ? ^ lilt a j R T ^ ( R
RRJI Rt^Rt ' w t f 'Q W A T R T AtM'f I WR? R R ^rastCA-l ÎAR a t l R l W s T ' Q iil4tlC<) ^ R l C t ^
2f^t#4mtt ilRc^ttJC'KI ^ M H f ? S l ? t A t ? 1 ^ ^Wi'H'yiA^ (^. Moraux, Alexandre d' Aphrodise, i8-s>) i t A t
srm A^TOoft ^ t 4 % m : ^ , ft^ tAHR? ft^ ftl ^ - f f t t W R R ^ TOt aiTRtw? (R, W t ? f it:AJ Proclus-f
C T O R - A o s m R w t a f w^TOff 2r#r5 wn:^ (^. ^ w t A A t ^ t A . Elements of theology (g. l?^4gR)-iii? 4 f t t ? t f t r ^ ^
Dietrich, MedicinaHa arabica, Abhandlungen der WtTR?sWt<?tC?? f t f ?5?T^% ( R t t TO tAt?t ( R t t ftRtC?
Aked . d. Wisswnsch, in Gottingen, phil. hist. (g. van Ess, 'J. i(f>i>-'Jsb-) i t ^ t # T O t t fbftRt R t f t
Kl., Dritte Folge, R l 'Js'Js, iSs'Js'Js % , i b - i t . ) i t ^ t i R A ?b?tT;?5 WtIR4Wt^tC?? ?fta.?ft?t ^ t <t>R?lttA'I ( f t ' R - R t f -
wftît tR? ( g . ) ?5Y4 R?.?1M A t s i c A [g. J . tJRAT liR? ft'R-tRlR Wtltft 1A51 f t ^'R-ft'm) ; WR-?tf
Freudenthal, in Abh. Pr. Ak. W., 1884; M. (g.) tTO W I R - A t f k t A t ? a t r o <t>15?IICA'l ( f . Th.
Bouges, in Revue du moyen age latin. 8 t . (iiti>b-8 Puschmann, Alexander von Tralles, i t . , ftcSRt ib-ib-
t . ) , Ab-o] I w t ? t w w M t i f f t f t t w r ^ t e ? ftft^ ft?r?i cd-ft^ % , ^8 t . ) I
w M ^ mtm R ^ ft'SRt ftRtc^ c t t s f t ? a r ^ m t ' s t i i st^t^ 2 ( i ) ftAftR (ft?^), ^. August Muller
C 4 ? R t R * R s R ^ ?3?F A t S R A I l i l t s f t ? i c t f t w Wt?.M ?ft atf w t f R w^[TO, Die griechischen Philosophen in
R j < n R tT4M quaestines ( R t t . Bruns, ij^ym der arabischen Uberlieferung, Halle a. S. 1873,
^ -q^^m R f t s R?t^4?t ?5?t Rt? (g. Dietrich, Differentia '(.A'S t . ; (A) Wt^'R-'SRt^' wtR-ÂTlft? t ? ? P l f t 4 ,
specifica, 'J. s>8-s>; van Ess, 'J. iffô ; Gatje, ^ t T 3 ^ ' R - f t 4 t R , R t t . 'Wt A T T O ^ ^ , R t @ R iS.5-br t - , I- AS.i,
Uberlieferung, % A'Jsi-8, \<\8-<\) i w t ? ftRft W?,rR? wtAR W t . F. Rosenthal, Das Fortleben der Antike
R ^ tt'SRt ?r? De Anima Libri Mantissa-c ( f t ' R - im Islam, ' i f t t 'S f e t f S ' iîJsd- %, 'J. as ; ( ) Wtt-
"WT^R 'WtRt ?!? Wtft?^?!ftR, R t t . Finnegan ; #t îrm tlA?lRtf, % ^088 t . , Th. Haarbrucker wr#T
i r t ' R - t ^ R t ? 'WtRt R t ^ A t R W t f t R ^ T f f R , 5. Gatje, W ^ , Halle a. S. 1851, A t , A o i t . ; ( 8 ) t^'R-ft?''^,
Uberlieferung, A ' 5 s i - i o , A i A t . ; ftR-Atft 'WtRt R t ? tft'R-^^', R t t . J. Lippert, Leipzig 1903 ft?^ ;
?T^ t^'R-tA=TO I t ^ ft't-?3'Wtft'R-ttftsft ftRt'R-?tRt? (a) t ? ? w t f ^RlAft'Wt, 'S^'R-WttAt' f t 1 T O t f t ' R -
t t g f t f t t l R t ^ Abr(2-, br(2-=Bruns A/i, i A i , Ab--io, Wtft?^', R t t . A. MuIIer, ^TOTRt ibrVA i t , iJsS.-1i, br8
i A ) i lilt R 4 R W t A f a t A i : ^ ftlRlRlR ftgRCTCA CAtft^ ? ? ; ; (b) WH-tnpttf, ?t'SRP5'R-WT4?lA 'SRt ^JA^'R-WI'QRT^-
ftftS t t g f t f t 'Q ftft^'Sr^Rlfttt?? ^lPl4tt lilt R 4 R a t ? m , tt'^. AtftR-RItTOtf 8^00, t r o s 8" TO? 'Oô"; ( l ) M.
AZ;?I t t < ? s j ( R A t A t ? I ^ l i l A A f t A A ?I ftl A # T 4 ? t Steinschneider, AI-Farabi, Memoires del'
Atstc^, W I t ? ? ' ? f W?.tft? R f t o W R ^ f f t ? ^ A ? (g. Gatje, Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.
Uberlieferung, % A'Jsi t . , l i i ^ t t t i - t t f t f t t R t = f t A'Ob-ff, Petersbourg, 7" seric, i ' O t , R? 8 (ibrHsS> (v) i&
b-8) I l i l t R 4 R ftft? tAtIR? ftCAtRRR? ^ t ? tJlTRR-iil? C R t 4 , Die hebraischen Ubersetzungen des
ft?5TO ftrRt TO (^. J. Ch. Burgel, in Muttelalters, Rtft? iVSs'O %. t?at4H s Graz (1956),
Nachrichten der Akad. d. Wissensch. in 1049, ftR^ ; (S) i^ C R t ^ , Die arabischen
Gottingen, 1. phil.-hist. Kl., 1967, ^. Ab-A t . , 'Ob-i) i Ubersetzungen aus dem Griechischen, tât^tt"
C? l i l t R 4 R ft^TOtf M C? R 4 R C A ? 3 t ^^JAt? ft?^ Graz 1960, p. (251) ft?^ ; ( i o ) Alexandri
ftcifM tAf ftft ?5?t? WAT W l A a t e A ? t I a R A t W ? I Aphrodisiensis praeter commentaria scripta
RtTRl RtC?I (RAT A t ? , W l ? f R ? , ^ t f t C 4 ? R 4t?s C A f f t ^ minora, R t t . I. Bruns, AtM iVbri, ibrSsA %.
ft?m R?,M A i t R t 3 J I RtC?t RtC?t t A t i : R ? J ? t W ? R f t ? t C ^ I (Supplementum Aristotelicum ii); ( i i ) G. Sarton,
l i l ^ f t C T O 5 different a specifica ( R t t . Dietrich )-iil? Introduction to the History of Science, i t . , ?tMTO
g t f ^ W t ? f W?,R lil C ? f R t ^ 1 < C?, R T R A ? liN? w t ? 1 ^ i f e A l % , i b - 1 . ; ( i A ) P. Kraus, in MIE, 8 e t . ( i f e 8 A
tRRTf ft'T:?n?
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Contents
im-5 tm-mFi%f Oo(t
f), oc^8 t . ; (iv5)P. Moraux, Alexandre dAphrodise, % ) , cêe-<^b-, i^<\\r 'j.-c I t e m w i iHc iêi ci ml
Exegete de la noetlque d'Aristote, Liege and Paris fmi ItfHHfc 1 1 fl ; (cê) iS c i n , Die arabische
1942 (Bibliotheque de la Faculte de PhUosophle Ubersetzung der Schrift des Alexander von
et Lettres de 1' Universite de Liege, xcix), Aphrodisias uber die Farbe, in Nachrichten des
quaestiones-n Pi^^f m i f. Hermes, xcv (1967), Akad. d. Wissensch in Gottingen. 1. Plihil.-hist.
161 ; feiS) If. mtf, ilHlf Im'^-'imt?, i t mem Kl., ifeto*^ I t i o ; (c^to) F. E. Peters, Aristoteles
is>8s % (fwyim t m l w T e), itmsffm-n uimtmH Arabus, Hte1 ifetov ; (^<\) P. Moraux, Der
m m i t n m ; ( i e ) J. Finnegan, Texte arabe du Aristotelismus bei den Griechen, i i iti, ^ 1 .
d' Alexandre d'Aphrodise, in Melanges de 1' (ntel? iel) I
Universite Saint Joseph, oo-^. (ifeeto %), H<\-ôX G. Strohmaier {E.l?)Mt^ ifci
f. Roger Paret, in Byzantion, i f e - o t . (ifees>-too tfimmiMf (<u.L>ja:>l^l) gifenwfm?iiini I
8io-e ; (ito) H. Ley Studie zur Geschichte des ( i ) ifift s fm I f f i (ib-)-n \ro 1. Itm ^tc cm
Materialismus im Mittelalter, mHi ifee<^ ''j. ; (i<^) m, fafffH l f l ^^c I t n n itenwtm cmitisi? Sitm
P. Thillet, Un traite inconnu d'Alexandre {w f(mf-ifHf) mei ^<)H Hi i m i fnrff iHe^^
d'Aphrodise sur la Providence dans une version fm Cif) imei mm iiit im <tmc^ tH sffie^ uit
arabe inedite, in L'homme et son destin d'apres I t m ^tc sî I I t m m srtiHi mm tHftm wm
les pen seurs du Moyen Age, Louvain and Paris Noldeke, Beitrage zur Geschichte des
1960, 313-24 ; Escurial ft#tfn Sfeb- mf Alexanderromans, in Denksehriften der Kais.
CaruUah i^'^fe, m#lfi S. Pines tftm iHmm, Akad. d. Wiss, Hcnt, 1. i SHHl uft iHe? ie
in Archives d'Histoire Doctrinale et Litteratre du HfH's I t n mHfifcn Stm imi itm mi n H i H
Moyen Age, 34^" annee, C5,tot. (ifeefe ^hd-h, Cyril itfH 1tfmi^?wmi 1 Fraenkel(ZDMG, 8 e l , ife)-n
of Alexandria mfm Sf mHi? f i it'lHelci? wm g. ie tm isHm m cm HifH '^^ti nt tm mm m f i
R. M; Grant, in The Journal of Theological iiH% mmei sft^ itfHi mif iwm itif iHmen
Studies, N. S., i e i . ( i f e t o S %), ^<ê-fe ; (ib-) S. Pines, Friedlander tm Die Chadhirlegende und de r
A new fragment of Xenocrates and its Alexanderroman-ui, ^.to<î. (f. lt1-1fHl) i if m^H^
implications. Transactions of the American it?f imif:n wm f. Frledlander-n n H in? nt
Philosophical Society, N. S. e i A %) ; (i^) E. Garcia Gomez-n Un texto arabe occidental
cin, Omne quod movetur necesse est ab aliquo de la leyena de Alejandro, ItHi i^^fe % i
moverl " A refutation of Galen by Alexander of ib- s Itme? fT-itntn, ib- s toe itme? i^pt^sfts
Aphrodisias and the theory of motion, in Isis, mm (fin) nt ib- g s. it?ne? itifffi i i ? ^ (t5ftmf)
e^l. (ifetoi '5.i-e8 ; i\o) R. Walzer, Greek into cm if?(fii '5fm n, mm ^fm, ifi mm ntcf tftm
Arabic, iWt ifeto^ ^. ; (cî) Moses Maimonides, f ^ tfmi mm ?ft?Tcii itnm iHii f?emit
The guide of the perplexed, IjM. S. Pines. Htmiem tftenei ititfii ^ iiten lietmi mttmen i
iS.to f. to8-<ê ; (^^) A. Dietrich, Die arabische us? itcnwtQf? H csfs nt fT-?mtn uiit mf^ icn i
Version einer unbekannten Schrift des immiHn(E.i.^)
Alexander von Aphrodisias uber die Differentia (^) if?f g 'limrnirmf" itH tiwif (g.)-? mfm-?
specifica, in Nachrichten der Akad. d. Wissensch, ti3i mm nt itrnimiff -a t m i mm ^ itei fi^ i
in Gottingen, I. phil.-hist. Kl., i f e t o 8 %, it ^, g. %
iJltictoifHit? uit fiwf? t?ff imei f # f i tmen m
fe^-ioo, iufiH atnf irgHHfi i H 4 i mm mi; (^) m?if's if?jfm lifiH f< i m i i i i fftei i i i ?fm
J. van Ess, U b e f einige neue, Fragmente des im ^mei.iiteim fir n imci, fif cn i?^ fH i i
Alexander von Aphrodisias und des Proklos in 11 ifiltcn n m i f i * f fifii f m , uiiwi t?tf iffcitm
arabischer Ubersetzung, in Isl., 8 ^ 1. (ifetoto ^ . ) , fiH fiw 'Qei mtt itiff? fat? mmm mftm ite? cmirm
i8br-tob-, Dietrich afW l1im iHH^ lm; ( ^ 8 ) H. 1WC1 iif n I
Gatje, Zur arabischen Uberlieferung des itmimitf (tob-feto citl) lit f m mftf i i t f i i itfiei,
Alexander von Aphrodisias, in ZDMG, iitol. (iJstoto t^tei if?tfn ?iftf? i^fmff I'^Hr? i f t f i r m s r o f f ,
t.H.e/s. tmf fiicm
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Contents
r i m
m 'IHitH 1w? tftefif^tfmi i ^ f i I St?f fiwTf I f Mfi meien rnim i m i ifc^ i?Tii
cit tif imt? ?#?rtm tftT: tm l i t c i t f i i tiWti imtieit tm leircifi m fi?i itfic cur m i itfti
miflitei I turnwrf n#^g?mt ifif tftcisfit? mme?im 'flt m t ? f i t i n t i mfif^mc? s
u f ^ i etfr ofii-e ci% rw I tfrc c i f i i n Hf m itfifi-n ifiitm iftm mricn i H mt? m?ei,
imci tfT ifiii tft I imfc?? TifH? S,ii tffe . itHfm ffTc tm m ^ mifte?, ?^ mFien f i ? ^
mm rf mf*f mrci? r?ff? ic?j Htr tfwrci, ci ?tf f i n (fi?iT'Gf? i m n , iw f ? f mftf? ?imi)-ci
I t n if? * i T R - ? t ? i t ? it?rci mm catfio iici? i i t i f iHs tm if?m? ifjffe ^ ?rf? i H ?mtfn m M i
I t c ? Stp; I (m?? i f l f w ftfi^ tntm-ii-itmti tTfH file? I ftm m t f i ?twij?f, irm a mft? irm
f i f i ? %?? M i m i H i 5 f 3 ; ^ t ? t f i ? i c i i ) i mm (fi)-'fl? m m i i , mm i f f f f i m i i i t m
t?tf >^ffne ?ftci^ ffi ficn ( n m cmt) iffmit framf? it?f ?ft?fef i
mt itf? if%5 'It?' ti!, ii ?i, cit ?m Stmt fim iiîwiitf-c mm ifntm t i i t i im
U l m\ifi? i t i f f t m l f t (M.Mole, Culte, Mythe fifii wfs -e t m I file? fH n itm ffi^tm i m
et cosmologie dans I'Iranancien, tllHl ifetoo f , tiH i i n ?m nt "flt mn iiei fH ciittei fieitm
f i i ; Pagliaro, Letteratura persiana, fim iixto j) f H ttc f^ i m I irrnmif? ?'Hnie t i i f f i
f, ov,feto)1 f i f t i m m?nft t?tci lat fif% i?^ ('m)-n n mmf? ?i i m t f m im ftite? fH ft?
iH?f rm fiwnfm ir?Tci m f?fsi%t Sc^prr ^ s m n t lilt lem fH n t ite fifm tHiraei f i f ^
t f i f f t ^rcf, sm r?m w itc nei i iît f s i i t i m I tmt I f m if? .^Hiiei fii i f i i t f i i i meifim
m i m m-t?r?f -mm r'?ti iei (Annates, i i , ^fe^- i*iT fi?r HH rm mt i H m i i m n t tfiicm f i f i i
Hof) nt f ? m - n ib- s b-o t . mrtc? tiitm irtrei i I t m ' i i ^ imf i m ; c'ff?rfii itmT ^f m'im i m '
itmm I f îti fi?it'3f tene?j tnrmei mm nt I f f ? f:i? icm fH ir?f^-'fl? miHf? m ? i i f ; i ?
Tjtt^ 1t%t u f ^ i f ? i ie?iiflf?e%f5m itm ifftci i m m I fH m, fmn ni'flfim i f 3 F i ifim i i e i
m ^3 mfitim tei nt fim ttfi? i f ? if m i f ^ m? ^ tte? fti i # c'ftm I t m n ? ^ i i i f i ?tf
it?iei mâ S^f? fiei mtttif ci? n t fimâf mt fmt m ^ ^ c i ?rfe^ Htif^ i m mr fimf? fiw
(If^m irH?"ii)-n t?tw?ei i f - m m mei? m ?fi?t ?tifH Iflt mm?t?m-'fl?rnif'-iiiini i m i ift"ei^
^1 imI feSto-H f 'iit?it n H mmrl itift Citfii i
fimît m-e iei i m c?,'mi?5^ffm-n nres t m n fisf'Tf it?timf-CI ' f i m Sti m m mi
fi?tfm Hi ?nr%n f&^, mr rm ?rwrei 'f?wt? ?ifiT ieetf? T j i f m itmmiff ifie mf n mt i tire timi
i m if??tei I t m n fisnit ifii? 's?^^ m?tt ifnr mitf? tnrmrf (nihilist) nfe? f?tmi mm m i
rft? f ? f f f ? 1 n t m-'r?rlt? irf? tffei itm-n timmm ^rm mr f ? m ScBtci ?f& n ^ m \
fnct ?'fit iHiten i ici fH fte CIH mt-? it lt, tîtm itfitm itc tff I t i f i m Itfim I mr^ffe
f?H t?rm m o f mm fi?5t f ^ t ^ if?e i m i fimf)' Stiff lilt f ? fi^wm itfse? f m ^fi? m (flt ^
eitrni mensnmei iîim i t n if?f%i? citu mtei f?f ?TriTr m i m i fiwrf itfi it ?Tf%5ien
S>Q?fi? ?fi?t iei i m I mitm nfmm? iît i i e ^ f m fc?t fi?mf
fimft? mmei n t i i ttc t i m i i t?tei ^ 11 ?f5 ^ f ? ltilt?en cifHi ffim, sft (Khrat)-'if?
Hf%e iff% mr 'fl?t i H wtm ite?T? mei? mitf? im ^ 1 ifimen i
i f f u ' C i t f b i t i s f f i 5?
f2iH tfe fitmc? fSfSi i m i Htnffns itmif imei ins f i i ? f tif? f i m
'Q
m w ( m ^ t?tf iH ftire? fiwtff rm mei? mftit ttWei m n cif mft I C ? timmnim-ifiêm iff?
im t?tei ittrn iHm tm em if?iei fim i t i H i ^fig s lete I t i m wm tf? mr?i ^ t m ?mfm i m ,
^îtei? m i m t Stirfi ? m (mm i m "mH mm wm timm ^ t i c n itn tm i f ? 3 m n r i
Sti itc mm ?m fi^ ie?iw%r m t itstf ifimH nt i m , Hcii m??t%tti imfi cfeitfii i^Hmfii
s\t ire? mH mgfi tffn, f f ? , ttfirfr ?tff tffn '^f^mi, 'S'a ?iwff Hmm srH fif? miii, cititn
ite ii m m i H i t H nt ifltmscimH iîiHfimf cif mm i ^ H i i f mi-cif? i t i t f i i m m
m f f I t m if??nH") i fH mfei t?tf "iffcitm-"? mi^jf SitmH "im i T i o i i f l i H mf? mm fft m cftmfii
Hire? itf%fi?, Sm, f i i f nt c? cm n t Lenten m t mfmi (Apoilonius)-n ift im l e i m i m mmn
m arîsici ^ t l ^ R i m I fimf? m muei? m fH sj^ im"-? SttnmH? i?eit?i ftite? itw i
t n t f fiiem
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Oo'\
tfiMWsrm; mm "flns m f f n mt i (flor. 'î mifi-'fl? I t m r ) i f ufiH ticmici, mfr

tin: cm nHcra i & f e m l i n c n m] n , nt mrai mmf-CI fmiirc? ifm im ^^?tci, m^ l a n it^fifi
fm^n t f t c n m ? Hfff im tmm Mff? ffitm intc? i t m t c it?fmo im (B. ifm fi?H cici, itfm
t f e f m i c m f f i m c m - m t l t f ? mm wu^s f n ^ s m ' t i tmim mciH, Turk Dili-c, i i , I t \5 ( f c m
m f f f nfntm Sim 1 i i T i H I i s > e i ) , - ^ o - o i , c i t i f c i (f. >^8) iim rm fiw^ iiritc?
f i i f s ( i ) Bertels, Selected works Nizami I t i f i i ^ i t n mtf i f i n utiH t i c i r m t w itm
and Fuduli (ml mil), I W I ifeto-^ % (C.to.timn? im Scî ifntm) I tm i m i f n f?Hif (s.) i n
mmi, v58^-fe\5); (f) fHm f mi-t mfi Hwf mm, nH ticic^mtci hoh/isoo-s itci m^ im (Ushaw
c'mn ifeo'i i. (mw mm, % i r s v - i i t o ^ , tmm-mmi, College MX) i
iiito8-ii\5\5V); (o)Bausani, Letteratura neopersiana, mirt? f m f t c ] ? i t c n w t m ? - n mftf mm'^
fim i f e t o o to'ie-fee ( i f i f ) mfm ftn, 1. tofeto (f.)-fl? mm (5.)-n iiai fimf mm
? i c ? t ?
VVV; ( 8 ) A. Abel, f'l-imm, Prophete de ifimen I iflt i 1 C ^ f S ? T J . Eckmann, in Philologicae

rUniversalite, ftcilf, Annuaire de 1' Institut de Turclcae Fundamenta, ^ 1 , '58to-br -a (ififf), oact-
Philologie et d' Histoire Or. et Slaves, i i i . (iS>ei \ I
^ . ) , to-iv ; (e) 1 ^ c i n , Le Roman d'Alexandre, i i i f s ( i ) Th. Self, Von Alexander-roman

legendaire medieval, fimi ifeea- v^-fe; ( t o ) i& nach orientalischen Bestanden der National-
cm. La figure d'Alexandre en Iran, Accademia bibliothek, in Festschrift der Nationalbibliothek
Nazionale dei Lincei, Convegno sul tema La Persia in Wien,f%e?m ifeoto %, ^ . 8 ^ - ^ 1 0 ; (^) Kenan, Islami
ell mondo greco-romano, cm ifetoto 1 . , i-ô-v58 i edebiyatta Iskendername mesnevisi, t^fl
A. Abel ( E . I . ^ ) / f i m t m f ? t i fiifim? iitm, Tez i t i v i ( i f e o o - 8 ^ . ) ; ( o ) E.
'a I fiiiffi sifimr 'Smf fci? itHcT rnmsfimm Bertel, Roman ob Aleksandre i, ego glavnie
mtftf fi?itci mws ttitci, is? (E. W . Gibb-n versiina Vostoke, l e m cifiJît i f e 8 b - [ . ; ( 8 ) f f
j .

mme H O P , i i , ^ ^ ^ 8 ) C i i i m f m f?ic? ?ii?s ffm tmf f i i e m , Iskender-name i?^ (nm m C i t i m

?nitc? tm f?i??f t ? c ? f Ifm I C I i f m i uit f i i c ? I f i i t f s ^ I t i n ) ; ( 5 - ) A. Bombaci, Storia della
<ij?îHwilii?'af?ui?ftm^mmf If.l (f v i ( ? / i 8 i ^ - letteratura turca^ fsjlti ifetofe f i i ^ , fiem.
o) i f 'tfcimm mci' (mmf) i f f ?iHfH Gibb Alessandro Magno ( 1 ? t f I f - L Melik off, H t f i l
itfiô ? i i m if??im, H O P , i i , -^<\o-v8 ; n G3f? ifetov [.) I
fmSC^slm 111? tm ^Ha iltcmm mj 5 . Fr. Taeschner,
mtnt ifin (E. I.^)/ffn tiiffi
Hb. der Orientalistik-ut 1, Abt., e / i 1 , ifetovs [., -^'ito ;
twf=ftf Cfi [.s^ ^ , r . < ...I) s fif mei ififs,
iftcm lT*(fim i t # l f i ? t f m T ? mr B . B . Flemmlng, it5. fetov/ietoo ltd wuiii icn n s i n 115. i o 8 ^ i t o \ 5 ^
Verzeichnis der or. Handschriften in
mei tifiii im I fH mf 1-t 'itmntm-H 'm??tf-?
Deutschland, i ' a / i l , Wieâden i f e t o V ^. ob) i
5)!?!?vsr I tf itur cif? tffi fim licat ?nT?f?
fif Hf i t t f i f i i c n iwj ^ icn icir ?f& (Sm?iî imi I mrftiei? StiH i i tm'^ ^ i i Tnifi-'fl?
5 . fim ItH mmf, T M - ^ j , toi, ( i ^ v s t o - f e % i i o ) i tft
iiT W% I t m m ?m itc? c i t s f i ? cm cmH m t mwv^mei? itmn mfi fliH fittm? ie?t ?ftmei i i 'itimi-'fl?
atim atf nt f%i I t f i f f ? stt i j i j i i f ? ?Hm ?f?m fliH fimf? tffi 1 i o ^ e / i t o i e iteiiiitm?
ifimti ( i i ^? mfm iim imie i i nfm ^?
I t f m , i i mm) m ttmffi 1 iov5b-/ito^fe im iff?,
mt 1 ? (HOP, i i , ^(tct ; f. f ^ i t f i t , >^1, i v s ^ ' i ; I t e m
5. F. E. Karatay, Topkapi Sarayl . . . Turkce

in mrni-uf? fm i,ie? vd? mftm iim f? itftm ^?
yazmalar kat, i t ^ ' \ 8 8 - t o f e , tm fif I t i m 1 1 3 f t
mitl iH fiHs mei ifffo i??f nH iti mff n 1
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cm im (iH itei) w i t c i i s i tffi it? im, fif m ill îH ?.im itmiitt--
?i?tirmf wtn fiitf (fior. iff. hob/Hoo)
tntm cicn ?nt 1 itifi mii-t i f i-t mm irm-H
tfite'mtci I t n m^ ? n T if ?wi im ?fim ifr mmf-? iilt? imcim"citnt?Sc^ B. storey, i / i i . ,
( I t f f , f. ^ t o o - ' i ) i n I C I 1 ? ?itei tf m Hum
Q V. Minorsky-? lfe?i^1, BSOAS-ui, i o i .
mt I mm Hi^sm ift. mimt? "fmf?" mm m \( ^5 ;i :^8- oi 8- ^ ^.) (t8o-8i i
tmf fiicm
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Contents
ftsj^HR ( R t iff^SR ftRR?^ R r I W 1AR Cttt WRS 1ft 'stf^BtlATO (Akcahisar)-liR t ^ (H. Inalcik, R t t .
TOt, M % t t ^ ' A Swrt tlRRA^t t f t s T t t 15Rt Suret-i defter-i sancak-i arvanid, timar no. 314)
(plOi-il) TO ^ I ^ R c ? ( l t TOR I ftft tdW"^?! ->|IB<1H(. ( i l ^ f t ft^ A? I la' AeR?t Yuvan-eli-c tTO R?1^ 'ttR Andre
t ? Rt 4C?? TO? ^^-9i "Wtfft-TO t W |ft AA 1 Karlo-C4 A^t^fto 4?t AS (<^, R? <?) i tTO t^ft3 ?tW*ftf
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t A # ft^tC?? ?n?Ct RftftTtsCR? 1?f^ R t W t t , C??R Ghin
R. M. Savory (E.I.^)/^^hn ^siNni <ilc*(
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lil t?cgTCAtAtCfR r I a ^ CAtt C^T? I ttRtfA? (Zlatica) (o
R t R I t m J ^ J 5 R ^ 'Scanderbeg' RtW Sftft i Si.R/i(?R
A T T O R , b-8l/A(? f^CR^, i88i0) 'S^'Atft ? 5 t C ^ t?S3t
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^ ^t?t t R tlACStfAn: RtC?4 t T R 4 tf?AtC?? R ^ t t
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tAtCtT? A?IWJ "3 ^ f ? T (Chalcocondyles, xCEJ.
WtR!RftTO RRTttRt s|R*n# Bashas (RHt) t t R 4 t l l T O
Darko, ii, 96, logra, op, cit., 145) ^fR^^HC?? TOTCR
^RTftft'^ AS TO? t A t W A TOf*rtf ^tft AS Matia-A i 5qt
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t f t r o 1b-Vi'5b-<J- TO Atc 'ÂRff WtfttJ f f t R 4 M
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4ftst 'wRj^tfATO (Akcahisar) (Gegaj, 45-6) TOCAt?
Scutari (Ishkodra) [ f ^ l - c wftft c f t f s TOil (g.)
?5C?? I lilt 4 i M Rs? RT i^. ttA^s?t?tc5r-t ^R1? t r o ) i
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ftft ^5f?f%tC?t t ^ tt?Ttt TO? lil?? f & *fC? ^ g f t f M
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A? (t?Ct?tC? 5. RRTOlf??5 l i f t A t f t ^ ^$?tA C?Ct? ? ^ ,
TOJ tRttc ttftCA I tAfA AtWjft W ^ttT
R t f . in TOEM, p. 136) l W?t? fft "SÂffctR ft^^
TOt ^ ^ ^ 1 % TOT'S cft%f AtwrftA cBTO S t ? ftro^r
"tt't? t A C 4 ^ " ( j j i i ^ l ^ U . = ftttR?14 fwTTO) RtC?
ftR I C T t ^ RtRtt (E i!siJi'!s(?),CAtAlrsmTOtA Aft= (il^ft
t f ? f 5 A=T I i i t'R-^'Rt, V 8 l / i RT5, i888 RC? Cf?CR?
TifcR CfTtt TO, John tATS Ali:WTA ^fftsct Kruje/Croia
{ k t T ? ? 5 R tft Alessio-C WlRC?ft? C?TCiR liT^
(T. Akcahisar) RtC^TA TOT S a TTOCStc*RC5^ TO? i Kruje
TC?R (WtRlRfts C t t 3 f f t f t [g. M. Hasluck, The
Rt?4 TOtAft m RRC?R TOT i R AlTI1%R? ftwt ftR i f R ?
t r i t r / i 8 i < J - TO Atc lilTOTttC ^ f f RSalCt ftR I tAt ftR
unwritten law in Albania, Cambridge 1954, 148]
>il?3ft '5^R|^ ^gA^MlTRR C45 I WÂtft i i l 4 t?ct? ??C?? Kuyend) liR? ifl' RR tf? 'S?AT%i?
t ? ? 5 C ^ Rttc? C?f tARtC? f t ^ A? I tC? Cttt TAlC4 t ^
Barletius-'iist?t?t igAtfttTO (John) tpt George
Kastriota-C4 AA AR? AACR ftft lARtCA M ^ t f t t ^ l A C T ? ?RtCTO Rt?4 ftRtC? f t ^ C?? I iS>R Rtftc AftRC?%
sftRtCii t t t o ^ S t f t R TO? lilt f?AA R t c ^ i^fAfft4tt WTft?t?tft?T tAfi^ tAlCfT?-ATRCt? i^4TA^RRt >3 A T f ? R
iW^ CAt, t # R ) tAlA RIT f t 4 R ^tAStClA I b - A ^ i S A ' S - t C ^ R?aftft Wtt? f t ? .ftRtC? Wftft TO I CftR ^sIArC?5
ly\0'0/i8'0o RC? 'SÂtftctT? r I a ^*tATS t t t John (N. 'il?sw? 'S?5^'l^=f Condottiero tARtC? t t T TO i sfftC^
lorga, notes et extraits. . . , i, 435)-'iR S t ? ^ t tft ftCR? WtRC?% CtlSItft 'S R?T5ffS R t W S t f ? R?tAgt I
?tfC t t ? t S ftft ?tWR trOi/isM i8Alr RC? C R r ?5t^C?5 W R TOTtAT WtRC?ft? C?t atttMstCA ^^ttlilt Rc<lHlCt
Wf?ltSt CT? C?, ^5RR tAt? " ^ R f R R ^plC4 ftR ?tiSfT ? t C T O fTO RIa R t f 4 "3 t's(>^v3 fet't l1ft1?CWTAR tf??tC??
ftC^ f^C?? lit?? iiitW?T fTO Scwt ? t f t ? t #RtC5 I ^ t*l4HI'S) CTOt C? WfC?Tt 4 f ? A t f ^ T O tAt Aragon-iil? ?twt ^3
C?t'SÂtf R t f sfPTtCff t^-'Sttft ( ^ L i j l g-jl)ttARlC?f5TOT 'Georgio Kastroti S'^ r I a Wt^tT tRftct
(g. -aRt?)-? > I M I M f t f t w^[?tft t f ? ? t Sci? i tArc4 ftR S f t M s dela dita citate de Croya e de soi parenti,
f t R Yuvan-eli' afCTCt? t t A T ^ t f t îtTO R3^? W A? baruni in Albania (Radonic, no. 38) i W R lift 4 t ? c t t
(Ctt?tft Rt?tt CAtAtCWTOt, E h'bba) TO? l r 8 V i 8 \ 0 1 r RC? W1RC?%I W?I, Rt?'3?t C? sn?t tATS ft?^ CI?R WtRt
t?Rtft 1?'3C4R
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Contents
' S m f cw? 'iffo iflicwtt <t mftt fnrc?? c i m t i m i n i - i ^ ^ i f i r f t n n m cinti? mwm itHim fim
i f t 1 b-iWiSie mi itc i t i m % H 3 C 1 ' S i i t f f f i m ifim cn mi Kruje wiiici tm mftf? ft ffim fic
i n i i ^ i i r f ^ ecsicn ifkstf%c S i m f w c i i m n n I ciiiti? mftf isi? m ^*fti Kruje i n ?5c? i
i f ? i m i ^ tmT S i w i f m c i m m Si i c m icm n c m iflt nt? itintit ft?ifi 'G mfii 5 , i ? m mmti cif5t
cut c n I i m S m t c e ( i i i c 5 i?fft f i g t f i t c = m c n cmf Iticifim Epirus imn Snffci? fiici imH^ iftm?
i l l i c n S ^ m i c ? f i m t r n m n i ffi ficgtci citi, c i i i i ifm ffim C5tm ffcn i ciinr-ifl? mftf fli mtjm^
cfin? m n n f i i t i c n m t tm i i ' s n m i m Kit-iura ifiisiafto citt cif? cimn itm if^ i m iflt
I t t I ffi tm i c ^ m i t ^ ^t n m n i f i r t t cimtftf? Himi if^ fn tntntcn (timm m m
n c i ific m n i m i r !m f i t n ftimic >iit ifit?% mm mmtm fiit itc itfH i t r n i ^ ittci;
m'Ttffcn I l i T t \-oooo-m c i f (Gegaj, p. 125) f n tfc tmnrcn it<3 men ifimi fii ieoo fiit) itie#?
I t I f f i ^fm! (stelush, Letrella, f i c i l tm citiwi mm I Iflt mmira ific?Hm tirnitc?? i f m
m f i t f Kruje) f i f f f H f % i cmttitm maîi i t cifilt fi?wi f?i itm ie nt cit fcmei mmem ifwff
i i r i f i i t tim mr^Fcim i r a i i liit f f " s f i i i m i i m cfii <3 'Simf 11 fif itie?f? nifei tfen ie^
ficitfw f n i t c T t m i f i m m i f i i ^ i i t ' S c n t n i f i m f ttfie n f n I iflt ifamm Pavlo Dukagin mei n
f i m t titms iflt I t f i f f i i t i t m r i c ? i m m cm i t i ^ ilie?f? n i H fiH tf? f m f?itmfleii, ffi b-eo/issfe
i ? c i ? rnm-iffwj i t t if<3 f i f m? iititt? m m i i t f i iei timmtn fimei fiegti emit icn n t n m vee/ir5
u r n i t ^ t f l i i ' S i i t f t n f^^c^ H f i f i m i iit m ? i i isei n mm i^ m fm? (f. Suret . . . Arvanld, no.
t m c n t i f n i r a H f i i t f m i i "At itt i t ? ^ i f t c ? 154) f m m ie?i mi iflt ifimen m m m r cfiei?
H^ I i m ? m ie?l i Mols Dlbra, Gjergi Balsha
va-v>88v n i ? H ' S n t f 11 m f c i cn m n c n timmm? mf'^31 mim 'Smf i ? m len 1
I t t I 'flt m t l ? fH Dagno-? f i ? w l {h-(ti/i88<\) i t ? t h-<t'\/i8(to mm tntim tffe itmem ift itm
cfiti? f i ? ^ f l i f i m i t I t n 'fl?;, i t ^ f ? i i t i = i f l n i i t i ic?i I b-eJi>/i8ee i t i ciiicn m i,ooo tm itm tnrnm
?ft?tti CI, fH I f f ? f i f 'S^mf i f % ? ift ( f i n c?m (Belgrade) l?tm? mn 1 fif iflc?tmi 1 f %ff
1?f?ft 11351 I t H i f i l t f i c n ) [lorga, f . i . , ^ 1 , ; c?en cimifef f n iflm f f mftf mmen ntfw
StîT, cHi i i i n m i t t i f i t c n i t i ^ mm if?] ie? I ciiim tmen m? neit 'flt fci Hi n (io
n m t f i m if??tficn ( f . i . , ^ i , ^^to) i 8 i i c t t n , ii88v-ifl Itm, b-eJi>Ato Witt, isee) 1 timmm f i f m i i ifi
m i # 'fll l ^ l t f t f l t n m Dagno-? S i ? I t H itfmrt i m ?m ffi n fimt fiw? it ifimfim ifim wm
c n I ve^/i88b--'fl? ^ I t l ^? f ? t m I t f t f Svetigrad (iflt fci 'Simfm mH io,ooo tm Hi itmtfn), itfi
(cmmfwi H m f ) C i t t n i t i t mti, f . iiJs tm ? f m Mols Dibra ftnt m ^ iflim 'Siitf i i m n ?5C?
S i ? f i ? f i i m r i t m i # m ? f i w t i iflt i t m t i nt Modric ffH (Dibra i i s n ) 'Sntfm fiit Hm
i f i m H i i t n i t m i f i m Seal ?#?rcn] i n i t n i m m ifim cn I Iflt n m iffimfim m i m tntimm
I t i Sig? i t i t i f i m i p 3 t ? I i i ? i t m 1 1 # r ? t m i fif t?f itmrti 1 ffi m m ifieif? c i t ^ i i f ? iflitm
t m i ? f m Kruje imrat? i c n i f i f tcncm nrsH'^ f i ? i t i I t f i m Sm S n f i w i f i t i m cftt i m 1
' S n t f i i 3 t i m m i m fH cmfiitc i f i m m i trtoi/isen I C I ^s^- c?l (m îfcn t m i men
\r<to/i88-& mm t i m i m M O I S Dibra c m w f f i , f 3 l ) Kurje lffel l f m mntn t n t i m Mount
i i f i c i ? imm m m i f i f c i t m i m ifi i m n i i c ? ? Tumenish-ifl? f i l ^ Albulena-? mm f^Hfie? 11*11
f i m c i f m m m Kruje i?cm? ? 5 j n i f i f f ^ i t m n f i mftm ^ mtci ? f i m 1 iflt mmei tmfe n fimt
I C ? m t I t n r n m i t i m m n i H m fim cmtcit^ i t 3 F i i fiw? ftitc? Sfmn im n n t c i t i tfei 'iH f m
m t t m ^? fstti? m f i f t i i?cm? if?m ?tcn i f ? itc^ m IftnfiH (Radonic, no. 163) ifim emit i m nt
I t c i ? i?cm? f m s i t t m f i n t n m m cifst i f i wit? ffei eoo fmt Sim m 1
f ? m ? i i^m S t ^ I C i t i <2-i H c i t i t i m f m i f ^ n atH h^>ji8(i\r iei mi*f Hc>im ltd tntm mfii<}>^te?
t n t m n c i m f t m m^m w t m i f i f Kruje n m n fieif W f ( f i mwt i[fnfs fitsffen fi^ci mfe^
i ? m f n 'fl??. t i ? n m w i n H t i cfiti? f c n f c i ? I f i m wm tnrmei tmfe itfie i m ) ite ?f^
i m ? c n I fH 11C1C? c i i i t n ?fwf e i i t m c m ifam n nt cieif vto8/i8too m fH i m i itie?% mm
I t f m 1ft n f n i 'flt irtitc? its, isai i c i m i|f^ 'Simf ItHim mfim ite mm n 1 fi'tm ift mm?
t n t f fiiem
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Contents
t n W ? cn
n gfee (lilt H H "treuga per tre anni, hs. i m I f i f i P T C i i m c i C ' t ^ ' s ffi f i c n
V. Makusev, Monumenta Hist. Slav. Merid., 11, (Radonic, no 370) i fitm ^ iStol m n f i i t i
Warsaw, 1874, p. 123) ' S n t f i H m i t ' l i f c n WH H f t f itm iticifim i e i i icn n t iflimmtcn f ^ i
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135-319] I "Smf itmtlk iflt tnra c m Sdt i t c i i5i>8t? tirci? 1 ? t n t H ? tilt i t f i m i ? i t m

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m i t m t t f t i c i t w I H H i m 1 m i % m icm i i i t i m l ? tm m m f i i i f i m i t i 1 ? m 1 i n fH
m=r t f t i t f l t I C I W itc t i l t 1 1 i l i H c i H i t t t % cicwts i m l i t C5tift f m t i ' l i f ? f??i:i itap? i t m S f k n 1
l i t i t n c H m ^ i m 1 i^î itc i n i f 1 ? i m i 1 t , fH r m m i t t n c i H m H m n i t i i ific Ssmft
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f i t 1 1 ( l i t t m t t c ) H f f t I t i H ? i ? ifeoto % t t n t ? fiitc? f ? i i t m ifi I >flit i c ^ m t i r f i m c i H m ? i f i i t K i ?
i l i t t i i r i i i ^ m W H Hiife n n t 1 1 1 1 f t i t i m ? t t i t c ? hH S f l i I i i ? f i t i H m ? i f i f i M ?fii cîitm m m m
i r r c m t i H i , H f , .i^sT?mt t t c i i t w i m ; i ? i t f n t i citic^-B ftfte? t n t m fiir rm wmt if?i? icBt f i c n 1
(ife\5i-^sto ^.) ci1t i f i i H ? t t i t t ? Hwt?t ^ l i f t i m ^ R 1 C 1 i i i t t | i Site? c i # ? i f i m c?i i c n m ? m i
? m 1 ifevsb-(. H i H ? i i s m i t i t t m i ixitw^ t i f s ; n 1 i f i m I i ? c i t ? ifecfe m m H cigmtft c i m f H m ? i
t m i ? c i i l ? i m cflt i t i i H ? ( i f e 8 o ^.), S f ^ m f i i r m ? ib t i i - # i e m i t i m i t i ( m f ? t i k i ?
i t i t t i H i sm^ (ife8(2- %) n t ^Îti t? i ? ? 5 t m i t ? i i mmei i m iff f e r n m n f i i t ^ f i m f i m ) 1 ifltHci
titti? w t ? ^ cic;g^5lft t i H c ? i m I f f m t m ?tweifi i f i f i f n 5?i i H i s t ? S-nfff i t i 1
t m f fiicm
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m-timitfeiif-
mmlft f t 'G Y^-S^m fmt? iHtl I t fwn C?- iff^' 9m.) I ( i o ) itmeitfim-c i t e n w t f g m s
tf?2tf if?i m liRsfS? t ? n f t mtf? ?t?t ftr srtfid i m m I ( i i ) ffimm-? I t c i i w t f g m (Alexandria ad
i f e f f b - mt? <i wst?? cstfirc^ t n t m fM cmm i m s i Tigrim) fiwms (Tigris) ? m (Eulaeus) i f ? 1?T?f
c?#? sjtciifim i l f m s t i t f t f m ?ffn nt ?tw&tfn Itei mfi I ( i f ) cmti (Troas)-'fl i ? f i i t e n w f f m t s
ntafn f?Hi cmtf mf??t mt tffimr? m f n m ? n m ixif% ^st^p I ( i ^ s ) i T t f i f i m e i ? f i i t e n w t f m f ( f ? t f i
?#cn I I f l i t ICI f f i afm cnttf csRtc?i ( t ? ? f itci Hlstoire natureUelfnet,toi,8 f ) i ( i 8 ) fiflmc l ? f l
fi^ mffi) i f ^ m c i afm mHi a f m i fif?? if?m i i t e n w t f ^ , l t e i ? > w t i c i t t (Alexandretta) if. l t i -
f?i f n n f <i n c m ? t n t m fnrci i t m t ifnt it?j? tfmm?iil I ( i e ) tm-n ito fieitfitt? ifm:t i f l i f t
m caffic^ f t m cmm mm i m t f t n m fiew? mc i t c n ^ w t e f t f e ? ? ? (Alexadroskene) i iflt tmmt
i f t i c n I i t ^ men fte i=it fst^ if?m t n r m (Skandelion) atfteii i t e i f w t m ? cie?tl i i f i f i
fiif ttiTte^ m i if?m mr citjtt ifnt #tm m n t f?, f i ? t??f ?mi? f i t i r l f e t m fifnt? i t c n w t m m
cime?t ifetoSi % tifiii ? m i i f i t c m f t n i i f i i f c i , ffi ttmm memen m
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( 8 ) Twenty years of Pakistan, 1947-1967, itfim mtei^ i t d f w t i f ? f i t n f f e i t e n w t m c w f i m i ( i o v

imtm (m am iwmi?) i sto ^.) i i fifi i r c i i w f ^ m - i f l ? ^ftei rnifi-n ifi^t-
s C I . n . cmfi f#rci l?ff ?fim Segi im n i t (f. Strabo, itoi, ^,
^ - ^ J i < . | 4 , i f ^ i l j l (i^j,ui.^vi) 8 itcnwt3f?(m- 8 o I S Guide bleu, ' J . 8 b - o ) i ( i t o ) i T t t e i f i m fim-n
t f i f i m ) - n mm ift i t f ^ ?f ittn n m mi i ifi^ct iftn-ixi i?H i t e n w t f g m i ( i < i ) i t a f t c i i ? f i

iflt8fieififcifio^ i m m s ( i ) c?tsfi?tîteiimr? i t e n w t f m t I ( i b - ) estei iifis i t e n w t f m f i ( i f e ) m ?
i i Itfi ^^?tfli; (^) cit'sH tii Itfi ?fim fitnff
Stmte? i ? f i 5 i t e n w t f g m (C5?eitiifi-ifl? S<5e? i ? f i
?t?fei nt (o) citsfi fm fi? ie? tm ^net mei c n t i iitmi) I ( ^ o ) mefime mfi i t c n w i f g r n i ( ^ i )
ttfi i t i t e i I iflt'sfi? iTTfn i t f i f n ? t Pauly- c f c i i ? f i o i t c n w t c ^ t e t i f i i i (^^) m n f c t t i f i i m mm
Wlssowa-n Real-Encyclopadle (ii, i<l<l-s.ir if?., 113C1 if?fim (t^tiicH)-c i ? f i itenwtegtetifii i (ô)
ii, e8)-c nt 1tfi^^Ste? M. Besnier-^fl? Lexique de tt8?im. S B C ? I t i f i i w t i f i f m f i i e t mttft
geographic ancienne (tJtfil is.i8, f. v5^-8 '^.)-ifl (Hydaspe)-n if%t fe? i ? f i i f e n w t f m f f c n t i i
fifi?i itcf I Iflt if?8H iteei 8 (Alexandria Boukephalos) i ( ^ 8 ) i f c n t t f l ( c n t ? )
( i ) file? iteiwtflm (fi?^ fim) i (^) itcnwtf^ if? fe? fif l e n ift tmi t t i i m iifis
fiie?
iflfeii 8 tm (Harat) f. f f n , f i m 'mrntfi'i-mtfi i t c n w t f g m I ( f e ) f n f i f l r n m i f m : t mfi i t f i m
iti-mm, imt. von Mzii^ i t i f i i is.v5o 'j. ^s. i (o) (m?e?) i t e n w t f ^ m i (^to) m?e i t e n s f t f ^ ^ "mt
mn- maei? m?fw?tit? mfi itemwtf^ i ( 8 ) ifimemm" (Alexandria "Para Sorinois") n?
itenwtfgm (Eschate) 8 citmf i iflt msei Diodorus Siculus-n Alexandreia, i<li, i o ^ ?) i (^H)
itenwtmm fitnfqii 'ff? itfif t m m i m imn fif i m S ^ ite^ cmnt? i t c n m f g m (Alexandri
men lem^ arfifi îrcf i ixit if?ft nte=n e o portus), i ? t f f I ( ^ b - ) if^St-? (mii) f i i e t i ? f i
fieitfiti? S^-iffiei rnfio (f. Times Atlas of the i t e n w t f g m i (^fe) i t e n w i f g m ifmti (mti wr?ffi) i f ?
world, î, i ^ * i %, iHfBai 8o) i ( e ) tiimttficicl-ifl?
fe? I (oo) uiie^ ( f s t i - i f l iwtm Swtei
itenwffgm
ifdimfam % ttif itm f? m i f m s ^ i?fi i?fl, 8 I t ^c fg
fciiifiim fiitfmm ( f .-
8 I t n
c?ifi I (to) fif i m f? fe? i?fi iiwfwif^î f i m , Ibn Hawkal-Kramers-Wiet, 'J. 8 v 5 ^ , 8 v 5 8 , fitmf,
(Besnier tifci cieit^ iff? iflitm ?fim f l ifimen m % ^ f e i ) I ( v s i ) i t c (oa) Iim ( \ 5 i ) ^c (^sfe), c i n m
n) t C^) cititm H i t i f cisfim-? Stfci iteiim%rf, IC ? n ^ 's itfntmc i ? f i fif^ i t e n w t f g m i

if?tti-ifl; cffmfi? cmnt? nfimfi i (&) irtitm-n Iflt i n s f i ? ^ ?em ifif%te? ?f% m e i s
'iteiimfwf, itmH-'fl I t i f i i mf? fe? i?fi i (s.) Sitni^t, t n mit tm Hw^ i n tiifmei iflt ^
ii?vitti?fc itciimfmf 8 mn cfettfi^cw? fiit ^smrni l f l Itfi ?fim mfi i m (Ibn Rusta-Wlet, ibto;
timf fiiem
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l i f t iRmft tR*pkiwti i i o ftMiRBi? tf^w I R??fD A f t RT A ? " WlCRC?n 'S A t A t C ? R ? T A # m^
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^ i I T O M ?5R?n A t M s TO I ftf t ^ ' R - ? n ^ f t j 4 t^'A-Rf^nr?? 'stftAtC? SflM R ^ 'S R M ? R?T?t <iJRt?t?
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ft???ft W^Rtc? t A t W t C R W W ? 4 ^ 4 siftft, i f R f t W ^ DIodorus ACR? s ektise polin Alexandreian (=i)llî,
m^ ttCR? AIR'S t ^ p t f t f t ^ Guide bleu, % b^^; oppidum condidit Alexandriam) i ( t ) W t f t f " R ( ^
Iraq and the Persian Gulf, c ^ ' ^ i & 8 8 t - , c?t-cttC?tRt ^j_i__LU)-(i| TOM Wtca?5WlfgAt 8 tirft?JtR (Gallicus)
ft1Ct? CtCtlft4 Ail<6^4 ftftw, W^C^Ti^ iSi88 t - , f*tC?t.; Sttfttlft R? tItRlR (Gallus) W t ? t !t?tR (Glaucus)
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C4tR ft^lM tT At A ' O - A I I t?C (iltSit RtR?5?Ct? '5(tWfilf??Tt RICA'S wftM), IARC?? (TO RttM ATO TO?
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A ? , Times Atlas of the world, ftc?t. ^ R1?M ô) i '5[^3CTO StfR?'t W R^tT4 tttrt R t ^ M ?RC?? ' W ?
t.ft.<J-/8o t R R l f f?MC?t?
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mctliW^WlftfiilN n H Hm. 1#ft I sfm it I 'itt?iei m H mfimt? f H m m ifimfli nt n t

itsf imtt?fili f i i in, mm, cbrmifct fcn itfcm
c n c t vooii "SmUvCi ^fe(?i giHift'ci i tff itH i m t m iT?it im -st i ircnmf^me firei
' ^ f ? \o\5^ sjffsiH iic"=i<pe!i>smifiiHHf?r i i f n ? ! ? c m i ^ ^ i t mnteiâ gii itm itei nt'fntei
iHmc? itfnt? n tft? f?!:ft??'HH it?t ctd t f f l i m iHii ifiin i f i m itHitnî im it i
n H S ^ -^5^ m f t i f t ? tHff Hi I itenmfmf m H im^ f?f^ fll.I imff? tf?m
fi/'issf 1CT i n i f ? ? t i ? ft i f t n s f t f ^ i f ? i i IT? m?1t imeii]H? c?n9 ifl^ fini it^m m m i â/bsa
5511H^ Itm 4fnHiifn?Hitf^'5fi?t?l? I iifl4iw m ijffc?i-n I t m e n n m Iti? tffl-'iri (m)
I f ? w f t i ? ?i?n?ii fmnsfw? mtm, fiiim? 4si4iftf if?H ifim if?m wm fiti?f i t m n fH
K l ifiit tfftif?iii Sdi i m , ifliiH mmwtfgm fnffimm n i f m mfisH îti ifim fie ifmi
Hui iitm I f f ? i i fnftft? ( m t n i f o ? t i i^f^ftfii i t m I fif ?ii imfi f-am ie^ ifltii fi??tn imm
iTf?f letitfi I f5i I t n i i m H ifim ifim i ? i t w f f i T I 'mn tnl-'i'i' (H)-n m n w i f^ri^ i i
iH?i%i? S i ? cmtst imtm i m Itt I ifif m 'Sm tifii i t i f i i T j H t m i ^ t itcnwtfgm i m^ 'if ff
tni-'ft^ (^)-n I t w t i fi?fB iitm cittt?i fim c? f m ^ i f l i f irf?fifi i?ir? i ? f ^ mfim t f m?it
? i i iwHs Itftf ' w / i ' s i imf? i m i i m ? t i ? m t i f i i im m m I imt m wtfic irH c?, "it?mf ifm
?fi?t i f % t i t i i?t it?f I t t i , mm i^f%ffii i m ifiitifi in-ftmfwi (^8/b-8b-^siMsi) itenwifmt if?iftei
i?t Htc I t t ? It I nti i m i i stiti i t t n m f ^ m i i f i n H m-itft? mm i ^ iHmfim i c?eif m?f tm
wtmsrsfi 1 ^ ?5f??t f i i t ? i f f itm ifSitflm i tm mt' n H imfiir'ft'i^m?' m 'Hitiim' iftt S?.ief
rnm-cmM ^^^H^gn^gf ffttnfii&icffiiintQifim ?j?^ it, fmt t f m. mnt cm: i f ^ fime^ c f f ^
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s ^ cutt CI, i f w c i ? f m f i c 5 fm imtm mr i m ^ (etoVii'i^-<?b-Si/iiJi>'o), itw-wift? m?m?i (b(th/>^bo-
c m ffasi m e m i t m m ^ m ?fim mai f n t i fif to'18/i^'l'^), Itl-ltimi it'm ( I t o 8 / i v 5 t o v ! > - 1 1 b - / i v 3 < ^ t o )
ff? mil imf? Hut i m c f t i t f i i mf iît S f ^ m c i nt f f m n m m imema-ifgii Sf%5 im n i
fmmfim if?m i t n c?, if?H i m j mm m t mfSic lonimt i5f melt'mntigl-'^ (m)m i f Slîifi
I f l t ? Itfi I tm IfH 5 -flt i t ? t i - S ^ cimt c?, ffiift if?m fimfim, iflt S% imei i ^ ffie itH nt
m If c m f l l icH, cnt fn? ifimi mwii^H, m?m iHe itH ci, in-fmmfwi, t n f f i mtm
Ci fifms f l i i f? / m itf ^t W i i itf i T m f ^ 1 i ^ f i ? S m I t n i m i. n t le^f t f
i w i m c i n i t n if?t?fi iitH n g c m i iHci cut , fm" Hinemu ci, itfi'sH iti-timf fCi f i f i
m c?, S f i t t n m f a m H em mm?i fini c i i ifimtf ft?tfl,i I if?ft? tfifci t f fienme? Seiiemii ci, f n
n t Sft m H ftfimtn mr i f ? i ^ mt? Sitm i i f n ^ ciaH itf-fmntfii i f ^ f i f i ifim i f m
S i i ? i fim^ l i i t ?fim i t i f? i u^^wic'^'s t f fif% im mi fi-cmm fcn f i f i itfm len mm ^fHm
mit i m m c?, ii?fte i m f i ^ê moiti i t i i w ^ a fif fll I i?]fci itft? imn m? n i ff f i i f i im mr
t m i t i f i i HiTti f ? f w m e i i iftH c i t m ii i i ? nt itmni mtm iemwf? fcmii?i mm f i f ^ im
ifBH i i e i n e m e i c n ifim n H mm l e i s m f f i mr I n m f m H itffm ifimi ^fliH ff-iHit' mm
m i e n fH i f i m e i i fi i m n l i t i m e i itfi mm lt?C?(lô f?(i"o fll I
n - i m m i m m ifimHm i Sitninti Seii i m m . ifcnwrfgrn i?Tff? it^sH^ i^, ttî fiei,'
c?, ^1/ VI iff? 2}ii f i e i I t f i i ffH? m?ei f i i m liii liiiH citma? fll 1 mtmi (Pharos)-n ^ f iH ^^t
i i m f n H f i i ff^ iiitm mf ftm ife? i t e w cittg?sfi? Itftm ?fi?t*ii itc .f?f^ ^ nt ^
m?m i^m mr ifiH f i m f i m i fin iri-mH? fi-s ^^âiH It c%Him (y c%f?tifi tooo ft-ttt?f
tff m m ^ m i t m t c i i t c n m f ^ m in f i f c i ? wm .i?m tooto ft) f l s^ ?rm mm itf^-,fii i ^^t it?tit t f
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f l l I ifim.fitw imi[f? i t c n m f g m n H Seiicmii t?fi^ t f citrnji'? ite f i f ^ fll I fen S^-ff fiei fimt
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t n t f fiiem
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OH
^ %r m% t f m m i f w m n i m lien mf?H n? i?wt fn s ( i ) mfi-itf?; t f

iwTR %i 1 m? t f n mm, iRm m t 'ci.'trrsf^mi' ^ i? citmjfen fiei iifieii ifi i ii?fiei
m n HW it%ff5 iHgt Hcmt 1 mnt mi-Hmf? 9ms <^ (^) m'l-'^rfl (the Rosetta gate) fn fffill 1?Wt i
mici mm (jtoi/iitoe mm 1ifi tmcm wm itf i ifltm itc cmeitt fsm fici <m "pfim fimfii i if%i
m nen fimc=m mm m ' emm' 9^ mi n imfin nwtei (^0) m'm fint (tfci imf:n cim fiei itn'^Q
cnfici nraft cmi mi-mfm (n^fm-m^) mn nft m ^ ) I t f itmm mm Port du IVIidi m IVIeridionale
^ itf itc iicmt im ^ nt litmi ^ct wtfm i m Gate of Spices, Bab al-Bahar i m Gate of
min i^m fifin; im it i vvVisii mm fim St. Mark.ifim ififs i i f n cif? 'G fiif? iffmrl iflt
lit m (a.)-n mm itcmen tititmicn Sn nft %^ i?wt fim Itmm iH i ( 8 ) ^f i?wt m'^-^l^m m t
itmti filtl im mt; t f mfnf*t tim ^ Ift ifmmi 1 m'l-'fi^ ^ i f ^ f i i t 1 t f itftm Smtci nfi
in mi-itf"fl >it 1 ^ îcmu c?, mfm iten fn nt i i m fnft ntficms? c? cim iflift? fiei i i
c!f^ iflt i i citi3mft nrjci imf mr i t i i i citmaen fieii i f ? I t f ifmfm wm m^tei mî iflim? ^TJHtc?
^m'n miî f m ifnm mr nft mfn fifi citm mfi I iflite? iitiT fimmit^ n t iH, i f f
mr 1 tm Hifnti fiii mfî m r f m fa m-mfi? mfii iTf%m mfi mfi f i i i i f n ifnri3ei im^'f-
fitm t n m i ^ c n itnifei mis n t Htoi/iôê mm ^5im [itfi men f i f % ^ f fif ifiim? (Complex)
nt^n I Iflift it^?ff ifttil, itm'f-'irfpr, in'i-'tmm,
ilt Itemwi m f#ei? citwtgiei if^îtf im n i 1 1 1 i'f-fmi" mf-ôfm iff mwf? mm mfi i
i m ^ i f % i - citmsm "îft cf^ f m f?fi ^ i it?5'^--^^f?te?? fiiet G mf'f-?tfi-n fiif fiei
fimim ifm:i f^ cftimai >iti>i-ftn' '^'if'^ ififii irenwtfgm ffiut imm i?fi, mtf cn imf:n ff-
cien wtfw ntBtn wm. nt mifiei i f % i cirmgi ftfii Hiei? tffei cim êiiemit ffim itn ie? mt i i^t
wtfew? wm fiftfi fn i ff citmaei ieien wm fien ne? t f ci?i n ftire?t im^ i t i
iim ft cifmm ie?nwi it i mti mifm f l i m c?reitt itm Hf ifc? itcnwffmt m mfi
itf@i ms itc Hiif35 cm^ cfffie-wtfwafiei cfici fli I itH imti fifîm iflit fmSijimic5f?jmf
itemen if fiitif itm n t fi citmfen if%i f? ciitemi imn ?mef mm mftei if? m itemi i t n
cifim. "sfic it, m m f i i m i f m fim nei if?m ?T!IR:? ifli m m iffm êi i ^ff ô\Di iei
if itm fHm mtm iritm f^ i itfii w m imei itenwtf^ HrfSit (Schidia) [?m iti-i^'^-
fffieî cif mm ifim lat m , f%t 4\5itm mit i m
l f f j-n im?f Ite? ifliHiti m im ^ t y i f l ^ i ii?tifiw
fn I citt3i iieim fiw? wtfw ifimi fn nt cmie? f l i m mrcmi (Kanope) itit ijifc? iieiiwrfgmci
cffftm wm 1 1 3 ' Q f i e i îmim imf wtfcwi iei iei -sficfiit i m i n mm ifi fe; if?m fiitfli i cieif ijtemi
^ I nftiitfifiimniii3 crnncifeniftît^ ititH "smtm mt nt tm ici itenwtf^m m ^te
ifi; tm Itfcm wtfwsfie mi j itmi im ^ i itH m m mtl it; fmt f?i5 iT?im nfititi
irflif fii inr .if%i. cirmsfci. cim.. ifie cmi iffim (bolbitine) mit m i^t it? m f im it i tm'if i ^
^ mi CI, lit Sm^^ftnm? tin ifimc?? Hfic? m^^^?tfli i
iti-itmifi m i i (ii/i'5i iTf) mf item f i l m fici irm citim m m iHitH i t ^ i ^ ^ m
f i f i f 5 cim ftat itenwtfam m cmmn fimfi fini
mt I fifii mnm inci itiHci iflime? it?i;i ifim
mt I iti-tmf fcn f i f i ffmf ,fitm nfîmtf m mm mfi? ffi ifimci iHirH it nt cim cim
finri ifm i m ifimen s "nwm irktem m m i ilt ne? menwrfmrifenei itfm mei? m irH mmm
Si^fô i a nt imimi itmn mf Sf i f i it^fwn wm mmm fim cstmm m wmmm Sn fm? ifie it
f n ife i ^ 1*3 mm fifi i nwi^Hi ifft ^ mg: n inH ô?/fe1 ^tmfe 1135 ''^^ imt n iitenwtfgm
nft st^. iâ m fifi i ifft ficî i m i it^îren Iflt Hi its!^ ittHf fcn tim IT3 m i itnt nt iit
fifi i f ^ i imimi inten fii itc fiemt ifiei îit imeiii^^mimi?itieimfifiii?i i litncfs
m i^sen iti^ icim ifiii itmwn m fit itcf n m ?f?m itH cm mtiti itium wm itiH ?i?m
ifim mm n m I nen m m ât m if? cifm f^ m if?m iff iieiî i l l im mr i t i f i m ifw-wifi?
fill ifie Ite? i t ; i m f i Sfm Tf?m, f n ^ mn imt?i, fieii fiii ifi-mH? fi,tm t n m t ^
c^-^cf cif um i n m mtsfi I M iwf, f? mfn itcnwrfmf ^m ?@? irffewt? fcmi-^m n t ipîf
. t m f fiicm
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mr-t^KlRiiJl
mim fHl Smm mef I H H ? i s i ^ Hemonm StiH tm wntiJt bo,ooo ('{\rb/io\r8) iHm Seal ie?i I i m ^
i m I m-nHra ffrnrim i m t m t i o / i v s i o ite n t m c ? Simon Sigoli tm w n t l J t atm do,i>o ifim
i t o / i v s t o b - i w % T mm? ftH mmt i m *(%t menmf^mo Hiil i m I i t l f s f i ? 'flt?ii ?jf3!5i ic^ lUt lit atitfi
stiH^ it I ^5wm mr-mrnti mmm^ it'l tm Hw? f ? CI, w n t i T t fim? mftocffi 1 t m Segiemu ci,
ne^Hit H H W I fH? ^He mHei f^ mt ? m menwtfgmrnituf^ in n m mfiwj Spm Sn
cit-'rHmmmtfj ?lHe ?fm Hen, iHsfei/i>-iit#m H?fi fn nt t i f f l l c m imem m irf, ciitei
litmtef mH? mtm?ite? ietmf m mmteitf (ym\ f? i cntrnHf? ifimti mim? itH nt mr c? cim m
ime?t ê meiiwtfa?t tw cftei %r n net m^tn 'Htm fiif? m m f i l t l ifii ^si^fff f?e?fS it 1
mHimH I ?m cêsj^tmm? c?titmenwtfgit cien afif^tm iuiff ie? vrh-/io\ri} itei menwtfgm
% T Stjim mrmi n m ie?r m n iH, Hen it?e?t g^ S^f? fici fifim m I
\s f 3j ^ ^tH, ci'sHei anesH mtmm w i j ^ i VR?T i?t i ? ] f : i c?#? m m n m ie^ Sti ftm fieifi
it I it flit i t i ^ ^ m ? imm f i f f i t m fimfli t i?jf:n
itenwitmm citt wntm Hm wm i H i i ?n ? ^ menwrfgm n H fien ifm fn, cm fn if??m
n??n n?H iH?nf^ ?m n 80,000 m r mr iHme i i a s m e l ? i ? ne? 1 n ^^c inil c?#? atim ii
^{0,000 ?t|f iflirei m ?# I t f t mH'i-i'Tm Hwe?t^ fifs; i t c i I itfi ^flt ififtHc m H f? mfS ?tw?tf
?=ten f l iH?tfm b,oo,ooo fm (iHft H^ itf) ftifc? m?mfi ii3en nfm cti iH, m n i f ^ fiifi
?H?t iei i m ?Hs HH Hwm n m i f H^ ?jft Sifi?f mm? i ^ f ^ it (cim cim ne? fifimm mm
f i m nent wntn ^,00,000 ?H?t ?'Ht imr 1 iflt S? mmfi it) I 'film ii? fgt m^ f i f mm? wm
I t n t iHmm 1 Hit imitfi m? itim m A<f ?m ii?ti ifiim S c ^ itenwtfmm itfiei 1 n H mwmf.
ie? m H t H m i m 1 n HH i t m cim Hm i t m iteifii cig H m itenwtfgm n H mweim fn mm
H?rt mHc i i t t T citl ^ci m n iH iHit Seit mt5? liiiwi fifii ii ifibtfi it I 'flt mm aftffi
i m I m f ne? mnt mn? Hitmmtti i t n wrHc fmmtf fstim me i1tifi ^s^m^Siln i t n m i f i
ttHiiH (mff t i t i n menwtfmte mmen ^?fm if?m itm t? fin ici 1 mn itim i n itfe fifi
wntnt 1H1 ?Hm mH iHe Henme? mif Hi) 1 imitH f t e tm T^' m , fiim itfii 's(%iiii's
HSem? cmrwtHi (<n/ i i i iTf) -flt mm? mff ifcnwrfam in l e m f i t c i 1 Simmti i f ^ mfi
if?m%n Itmt 0,000 ?Hm Scpi i m 1 m t ^ E . Ashtor t n f'itfim ii mamm Hetfi?tiei iflt ici
ifm i m c?, Iflt I t m mmm Sn tjt^ (1?) H^tH it ficmi i#?m itm Seî mte ite? 1
ci?i.mftmtmf^ ntHHifHim m, mffm immrt itfm t n ^^(\<tb/\r'\o) if? iei mf% mnrei
mitmt h,ooo ?Hm i^pm ?sm ^titto me? u n n n t e i ? itciiwtfgm mfi' fn 1 itcnwtfgm iflt fien ifm n
b-b-Visvi I t e i HH ifmie mm f?, lftm i t n mt i t e v s i / i o i i m f 113 ?fti ltd n t Grohmann
tinre? iHm mHitHi 1 tm mmi ?m n m l i i i mff iite?t tm icm fiftt cmm mtm affm m i m
n n t f mff I'^tiTcn itmt m tHmc? iiHm mHmHi ?mm mwmf ftm itenwtfgm fimm? itmisi ite ^ n
?Hm wm ?m [f. E . Ashtor, The number of Jews i^m ie I tm ifeire^ itnt fiie? v s V f e f ^ t - men 'itmrf
in mediaeval Egypt, in Journal of Jewish Studies, mcwct fii? vs menwtfgm ^ i f i ? i fif%te? #fe itH
xix (1968), 8-12] I (c^HHfii fitm ifitfm) 1
i v s i itfc n m cmt wntmtto<t,ooo?Hrm Hm irHf imtiei itenwtfîi? i i ? itf^
im itmHi I Hf tir b-i/isi imf? immci ^ iHe iii^tficK ffim ifnei ifltt i i i ? itmflcn m , fH
i f n t m? I i8b-/i8 H nt nei/iâeo i t e i ? i m ? f ?mfic fit?m atemm Sn mm mHim fim if?e n m n 1 'flt
m? afH fiit i ^c ôoi m citl ffjni ?5e? 'fl?t iicsf Grohmann-n f ^ i i e i l J l Ifm '^fftfil S^?m
cien i^'a migmen n? ffm m mfm 'ôo wei cfci 1 ift n H f f I i m ^ *fi^ mft? isf mtm fimfli
tm iei m m i f ^ mm i u fuffi? if?m ?j?im nt m iim fiemiei mwfi i i ^ mm im SfF
mifei m'-^^fm mM-H-itm ?^ if?m ci^m f? i mm 'flt 1 ^ mm i t m iitfm? iH itiOTff icf 1
mm? ^ mm c?5g^fie ? s t w ^ 1^ itei 1 i^t ifitit atfie^ i f H f m i m m ? n m H tm mfim iftm
ifatm if?m m H mm f%f cim ?iei ftmtm mfie m?ttc ltd I f i f mfifwn itifii i^fteiten time? tit
l f l mt n t n m wntUt i i m ?tfm m 1 Frescobaldl f f cfm^fn? iwi IC? I it^s^ffn lire?rnitrniitntf
t m f fiiem
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oi<\
^ ? w # H % s f H i t m w m H sm srftera n H m t m cimn n m ifH cimn itc i f Sttwi ?5Hei i

tHm?I cien m n mti'i-mn' i t n ttmi itc fitm iwi
>it m Hmm? H i stmft ?tm? tt>s?t ?m m, if? 1 >flitei c i f tiPrf titieiei neit mfm mf -^m
Sfm 'oi/io-sj t?^ n m f t H w i t H i t m f s m ?iti^sf? ifim i t I Hm c f f ? rnntHti, c m ifmrn,
iiJiwWtHfibw^ iTtttm îw<t='Sii(*!iiic\s sfr?i 'm>\^\' mfii, mtl, mjmn (citmf), -fimttf ^ ttmrnnti>itt
it 1 8 f? I ^ -mi, fieii ? f i i - n t H i i c i mfm stH
it?ttii I fmt i?]f:t? c n H n m ? 1 t n >flmt 1^-vsi'itemPt t i f i % tnpt, m mm ' ?m mmi' -mei ifft
(msammn) {s.)-st^ imtm smtw? H??H i^Hfi<t> tii m i t f i i m mftc? 'jf i t , citltei mfm Set? ?!? i?im
n w i i t i t n ?3i5tft t ? i t c ^ i I t m ^ m f nt?tc? if? I cieif >flt ?
? m imei m t m cm iHi tint wtm
i??ift w f f t n t if? H m i H e n i tfm fC2t c?ni c?ni mt, cieff I t m m m^ I H Simi itmt ift itfie
n ? titw m s t m m m'^'i-mfm (Town chief) f i m . ite? I I t f m'-mHi-n ?<fmiie? lie i i m mfii
Scî nti?,itmcitijciiic??itint? if?mm ?m ^b-,toi f m iittmfii nt t f i s i ^ i e i imf?
. mt?c iH^s titc n c ? ? n t m f^ it it i i t f f f mrtm tii?ei? tfieifm: cm i H ? t ^ itH lei i fitm
i t i m i c i m c n m f g m ti? n w i m f m ^^t^ m m n t m f^sm ( 1 ? I t m i t f ) 'iî/i^î I t e i itenwifgm
tltc11 Hbb/iobS: 11C1 Peter of Luslgnan-n m^^FICt? mt wtfwiên Sn i n i? tJtH mn ao,ooo
t? m i f i m m m i t ? stH i H i ? mmtcmt c n n t f m m ? ifimtn nt cnei? ^ ?fmfm tite ?m
\sm m^ " m f ? H'm" i i ^ l e n i<t, H t f , i r m i >s mt m mfw i ^ % fn m i ttfm fiewiH's
t i f ? m m i t - n ti?tcnc? n t m , m c n m i m m in?>s (Ficienzio)-'fl? t i c i i J i (iri/i8i imf -<tc) menwtfgm
c i t l i t m if?mft H e n I wtn ti? iHcifi fei/iei imf? >itt eira ift
menwtfgm n c ? m t i f rniitcn itmm t n i tm m t mspuff c?, b-i/i8i imfe itenwtfmt itc finei
t n S? m H ^ m itt c f e t t t i i t n t j n t c m i t m c m tifii, i,ooo i m f m tie ^ i m r t f mm
f?fiitct?iis,t?m 1 t m i m f : n c n t i c i cmcn fit?w? c f f m itm; m i - i t i f f '\oo/yooo mei itcnwi^m ?^
^ m i p m mgTitci? fc? t?t1 i t m mm^wttgrn mt m^ -mf wtitew? Segi i m , -mm tinmf? Sn
m if?ifim I i ? ] f c n ciimct nH'f-f-n t c i srm 8o,ooo -fm ?s? f i e it?tfii I n i -mf mtifwji cfiim
m iir?t mm m t i f mstnft ? i f % i f i f ^ ittici i im fsm i f i e i liiiH 1131 mfifwms wimcw? Sn mif e^
>itt?it i c ? i H 1131 S u n t Scgi i m mte tie?, c? c w t lilt Hmt I t i Hsmmfci ifirnir i iei n, fieifm iei
m m m ? t n t n mm i i t i ' ^ metj if(t i mff m t i f , mfiwi cwm itenwtfmtc cmt ?s?i^ mfii mm tfimi
i t t i ' ^ ^ t m f iflt ti m - m m e m i t t i m t i m f ? i,oo,ooo f m mm im ifH^ leii
i i m ?mim s i H t i t i f if?ei i m i i f mfe t i e i f itdiwtt^ m m ne?t ?afiei? ifliH 's?^ff
c i f ? ? t i i t e n t i f t i fimtm ttigm i t s m m t n ?fm fieifS I t m Se,t^ gm t?e? i JJ?
i f i m itifi^ n, t i H ? i fiT^ i^ ?tfiei i eld's cftfl I iiit?it firni im n m, b-1 vs tsi imfe
S i t n t n i t f i m m-itH? tn m t ^ m e i i f i m e i tmf? fiwm cmm ijtifii iimw<t>cn<i m stm ' ^ t
c?, i t e n w f f m m f i m i tn t i f f ^ 'Koa/yoos m tm cif? ifimti 'm??ifits i f itcnwtfsm itHimm? m m
fiew? l i m f m fi^t^c* mm a t t i e i n H - f i m f i c n i c m stf i t I t, ft, c?if, t i f ' s - f f mte? W I J
c m m i r f m fiemttea! litt m -mficf? wm -?iimf <if'i-imf ?if itm c?iens -mitm tii i t f -^[^'i-
m t f i ? m n t t e ? i f l i n i t n t m fiifi i f f n stH mtfmf^ ^ ifft i t 1 i f ? c ? i f .'s t i f mte^s #
>s?5f ci^m ^ I f f m f i i tim t t f t t t f i caf tte? f ? cmitwfi? ?iw's fiH? f ^ fftie^ tifi mtmmn wm
t c i i f ? t ^ Itfie? n t n f m m m'fl^ itfm? t t m nH timt m?mi imimt itn im it^tHî, m m ii?^--H-m
n t ntf?tt m f m f c m S s , t i n m f ^ f^m m m f m mei itfi 1 t f imi i m n f m fiiti i t m m
ift icm fie?rtfw i t f i e n , i f i i f t e i ; f m w m sjcmwi fitit 1 i ? i f f Stm titm c m cimcnci int
fg? cnemm? icm -ffi itfi i mmt i m wm firm Sttmn mfii i t m i (timi) i f
i t c n w i t m t m t n m t m , ticn i m t f i i m i m finH's n 's?^ff lei i '{b'K/yo'ba itei ^fei -fn
m m mfs ? ^ f f ^ n i m H f n g m t i e i f i f i i m mi'-fm cttitm f f im n, i f i ^ n m t f fnra
t i l t ^tc it s ^ 1 ^ itm^s c i c n i t m f m m?ftifH Itn i m rc?i??if dtcim's tiiei? finen ^.tm -m
t m f tiiem
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Contents
t f m m f f f e j i # m ' Q i ^ f f ffsnt i m i i ? I n i ? T iflt mnwtfgit'Q it?cm f f t m ? fiit ?t?f S^ fcu fiam

f??r?? m i % K ? 1n?ff ^ i m i c n ife Itf? 8 b-l/i8l ifi
*tT#t? i # t f ? i i i ' i - f i f f t m t ? i % i t ? t ? i i r f I t i ? o|i>aiafif^<f itfiwi cwm mmiwtfgit I f l i f t fim iR
i t f - i f i t f t f I t c i w t n t i t t i i c?ift ft Se.itici? w u ifiim if??tfli t-HH^ fsm cim itfimiici mnwtfmm
^ ? i f i c i t i i f i m f i c i i I rf? itffr m i i t f i ? t ? i c i n a i f i f i ê cm itt i ftScm cnwtfi ;^b-ft f m
cnSli illicit fH 1f11FtC1? C? file?? Swti m i t ? (Upper lift lilt cicn m Scî ? m itm m ?tfiwj 2(ffif?
Egypt) i i l % t Iti n it? ifiiti?t f f c i c i i t ? ?5c?i cm if? I Stfim 1 ? ttm (WilUum of Tyre) ?m
n t it?e?tc f i ? t t ? t m n i ?Ttmft m c i c i t i f t i t t m CI, iî iif? fifmrc? itcnwtfmt n? mr -a i f cw?
Sif^mScRtcitmt'flic3!fiHn I i ? ? f m i t c ^ ?tfiwT C1C5 iHi f? I i i l t i i t i t ? i ?rfi. ficn c i ,
Sff? ScRfd f c i t i - f f i ? t l e n c i m - i t i r f f t?c -59m itenwtf^ ffifm m7i f f ^ ?m fli s "cm mc?
m I b-^H/ysô I t c i c i m t f ^ t i f i f i ? m i itSm I t f i t , f f f-lea mfi f m ? ^ ffen
m m w r f g m f?r?rfi? n t m i i w r ^ Q . i t i u mmfi' citta?.iTf mi ffifte t m m i ; m itfi
liwifff I i n Itm m t ? c m S t i m ifiim cifi irt i" ^fernm itwptfcn iftr fimt cmi- ?tewm
i f l i c ? i n tft?t t f c n CICI m n w t f m t ^ f f f c n c i Sififv3 'jfifm itfiwj CHS-tm litm f jf iHc me? mt
c m i f i m w u m m t ? w t n i c ? i i -itt ificif^c f i i t t ? mm tm iH mfi fn ife m i f? mt \
i i i ; <iit mmt? m t ifi: m s f i mKH^b-/yo\r<b m nen Hift m nwm (Httmen) Sn m i i ijH
mit it I t n wpmc?? m iirt mmf irf^, cifra?
I f H ; f m mi f i ? f i rfiirf^ ifim limHii
f m itiiar itf if?m i?t ci?i- ifc? icntfnm i t
ifie itf?ei i if?iite? fieif fmiici titen cien
iffiH m im^ ifie it I tmen ie^ i f f HfHii3i
I f H ; m i f n ?mt it i -fltiiei i; f i t f ? isfi Hn
iiHm ^m ciei?Hrfrenwu cim ' f f i ' (mti^)
Hitf? Itfi mt fmmf? i f i i rm cmm cit
ffci-: tifenei itm mtm mit if?; m m ci cim
ittct 'ffci'm 'ltd' itfim ?mir ifie itfi i ifiJi
cmf? ? f i i I f f ? cien wu Hfrf? 'ffci' f m ? i itfi
. nt m rm mgrn mfie itfi i fieif mewmwu ^flt
m ' f f ^ ' I t i e n n itenwtfgm mfiwi m?it itm?itei
cm S i f i i f mam imitemat f m n ?timr i fieif?
? f i i i i ?Hcif?en wu itu fcmi-fHm cti iH (g.
'tifmm') I
t m I C I >flt m 'ffi'mftmi5 c i e n l i m f mm
iffifien mt iHbifi ^ nt tn fiif? m*tei itfi i
n H SiiîcmiT mf^tfwji ifw=^ c i i mm ici itf?
m - i l m lem cfii (Venice) f ^ f ? ifliH ' f f i ' I t
iHmfn 1 i f f ? ^ fHm f t m ifiin tften f f c i '
fiit?f cmm rniiî ?mn itm tt fie itf? i
itmj cici, mmif? mwjtHfim f ^ mf cm,
S ^ it@^, cicmiesfim, fifim i?e? i p ^ i f ii^m^
f n m i i itciiwtfmr ifc? i t m if?ci i '
m-fsm?f ii/isi itfe itcnwtfgm mi ii?ei;
f%H n H fini i m ifimen i Sir mten fiit itw ii
it i n mfi m fii?en icm fii i fif f m "flt
misffi n?ft? f f ? iteitnm i i m mfifwji fii >fltf
t n t f fiieim
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wtR-tWfilmrt wfR-t^wrajt
- s ? ^ t m Alt* w 5 i x5rt=T--5it4ftfm s i f t w i w ^mrat t r o ? AT C 4 f ? ? t R T t t tAtet? C5M, t t e 4 ? ?lTOt2i 'a R t T t ?

Resf Rt?ft ttTOte<T? "Me tAre?? f w M t i g M ? ? # i C4t?.
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t?RTt f?'9e?5R
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Contents
mfi m i tmti)? f % t ? fmstf? ff ifmr:? ittrf-iin fim mf I t f - m m f 1 ^ mm cmi ifien, mf i t i -

irmt ?s%ft vsiîcw? wiTt?f? mm? ?# i ?fis i??nm fiitf mmt l i i n 'si 1? 1 irensfifg^ fiT' it?em
mi's ?%mW<itS??ftifnmwtfgm?it?n%T Sn H?fi f l l 1 irf^ mei ir^ f?im i ; i f i : im?e^
S^mm? ift itf^ ^ ifi tli, iiti ifli^ mfiwjt tm? ScRfCi fiien ?twmfe m m i f ? 1 Sf? fii'sm tn
?nni? i^HlJ, ilt 'S fi?i-t?f? (Code of honour) iti-'smmff aoiJiioH iei itenmfmte nft fff itntit
mi?w ifc?? mifii #?d? iH-iff fif?i iH i if? Ifn icn (mf'f mn cn itm fm') 1 ^flitei it^rîtf
1t%'s fiwfw? m:m c? !?^ i?ite? tmm? i t f i ift? tn '^'31' mfem ml m iHen 1 tm im m
tm? m^ f M , f i f i tffi ^ i t ^ i s itt 1 ? , ? ? t ?m n I t f - ' I t f i i tn'm-mm menm^m fimt iti-
?m?mîi itfttT? fg itc m?m im n? i c?i? itim ftfiw mi-fiitf? l t d i n nft f|t itnimf i f f ^ icn 1
msif (itm-mm) 'Boccaccio's Decameron' iflt tf linHfi CI, nmf ne? nin''i-fi fiew tm fiit
i n S,i itc mte?? ilt, ?Time?? ^ imm t m mfii i?m iHmflcn r mm m f i itm
mci 15m? m? I mim-1-fitif%i cificn wm nft fl, nft mmti
itcnwffgm iipmn? fli fir itmf m i ciitei vs liiift iimmi f i i t i iHitflm ciim mmm fim fcu
H i wmfl icim ??t mmm? meit mti iemi im i?im, tif^ f i l e ? fim, ffHnt m ? i t i t f i i fcmi-ffim
it i liii/i^^'Js i e i I t i f t fiegn's i ? i ? f itm i i n \3 ^ o f f f i j m iHs I
mf tm? 'is? imt m? mt i fimt i?te?? ici c? - Hf^fCi2i?iHm-'fl?iisii8Sertir'smm iii?fiei
Hem ititfii mm 1!^ idrame? m im mr 1 i t f i f menwtfmm Sn '?ni'ti itfiT ^^t f i m f citmjg?
i f i m i ? (mitei? i c m mi-fsmti m mi-m's?ti, f i f i tnten imfii 'sif i i i t iê? 1
igr3 I t f i f ? f i i , t i t ? lîiia f l c n ) f i f t fm ?jimf's t m m itffic i?m mwfffii's cmfft men
S,itiiitfei? Si? mt? c? ifimi wflitm mi i e ? mm it, ? f i i i i '?^f'f n m mfimflm 1 itcnwifmrn ?i
fieiitei Segiemu 1 wfiint m i l ? t c m i i ? l i i i f f ntm ?T?irf mfm imtm n m f i mm wm fififs
mil? im i t ^ i f l i mi mm? cmt ifimi itmtiffli it? flcn 1 tfm ?i nfwi, f i i i t i ? 'simi if?if^lfn
^,î,o,ooo fm? I tit mf's fiegtei? cifici f i f i i if?m ifim t n t f fim fi^te? Stiti iim i m 1 itim
imt im it?ifli I itenwtf^m fiirt fifii mfif ? f i i nm? ite
i ^ itncitf? imm? 3!m?if% ^ cimmftf? f?im m^'i-irfi tn ? m i it-fiff d. ^îs/iîs)-?
?i?item:2i iffim? fft ifimfli nt mficwm i?f!% f f s nft Smni cii ifie i t f i 1 f f i rm itci m'l-mfi'
if??tfli ?fim mm? ?m 1? 1 cum Sigc?? m cimmftf? it-fiffmtn nft nfwi's itfmt f i i t i i m 1 t f
nimr m ' t e f citeim ttm? cite ?milfei? Si? mmci? i t % 3 i l t d mfi- 's itfi't fi?fm fimtfl fli (iff 'flt
f i e i ? 11m ftm' icmi ?sf? 1 fim? iffwi i f ' I t f mci ififf) 1 m n f i i fcat
itcnmfmt imi f?ci%r mfiwj ifimim? " S i f iim fsmn-n mfif ? f i i ifim mci itici? ift Hfimen
i f ? I mmm îit ?mm ifimm i f ? , cm m t f limf, C I , iflt ifim m^t ifl^fici? imm ifw fitm m iflift
f?iM? imitf m 15 mmfii, timt mwtm fimfici? nHfi I i m nft Hm? fifei m m ?n ifie i t f ? 1
fm''Tci I i f i ?j?itf? citim itc 11 fm n m iteiiwtfmt tm i f I t m ?i i i T t ittm^
if? 1 . if? iH, fam iftm iH. nt f f fmfifi-n fici
itenmfmf tm i f ? ^ i f f ? tfmei "i? i ? ? f I i e i ijft f i c i c i ifie ite? s tn ititfii, tn 'itmtmi,
imfi" iflt fmt ^ mi.gtft fci? fnt ifimfli 1 f? Itf-ititmf, iti-itHf, tn'i-imn, tn'f-^^wtHi,
imf:i? fm's mfflit f l l im 1 ii?mm? iHitcn i? tn'm-mt?ti, tn fitn, t n i i f i i iii-fsm?f,
f l limiiiei 11? if?Tti ifie mm im mr 1 itfi itiCi-frfw?,rni-mrm i t i - f f f 1
f i m f ?imsii i f ? ie?i ifiei f m n mrnif? mem itenwrfgm fiuf nfwufcn icm mifw'j'f-'Smf
ift immm? i ? ? f fci n f i cmm nt mmen itw m wrH'S'i-ir?f ( f i n finti fiwr-Theonus church)
mermi iH?5nm neitfim i e ? 1 <it mft itenmfmm 'S itifw5'i-i^ff m I f f - ' i t ^ S l f l (itm the church of
t m f m-fim S^mm? wm Siemf c i s i if ?'f?iii(|.'=i 1 St. Athanasius) fieiitci SeiiemiT 1 i f m f?mH
iflinm itfi ? i m mtffi if?ten Se^fei iflift ci^ i t n ntei's n 1T itnt m, c m it<['i-'im?ti itf-f?f-ifl?
im n, mm t m f itff m ? T t f n ^^f? w i ff% ?m nf^fci? fifiei m - i t f m mftc? S ^ fiei i?fi
< 3
ifim i f luti m?i i e ? 1 i f i e i ; fi?tfi f f t t m f f??rf'f-ntH^ (toiViîs) I t f mntci ifliH mHm
tntf fiie?n
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Contents
Hm imm cmm ffwr t n fimmm iff-itH-ft (f. i f e o f f, v o o b - 1 . ; tme itenwtf^m timti a t??fiti
I t n wtn. fift' vs mten iti^m Hi i nen mtei ismn n H t i ^ ff Hnt if|e?fi tt?lci; (to)
ItHm citeist csmen iHic5 iftft f o t a i t l t m - f t n , Map of Alexandria by R. Blomfield in Bulletin
t n 'rniHm.mf-ftmft (f. tobrvs/ifirs) iîH Hm- tiitt de la Societe ArchOloglque d'Alexandrie (BSA),
len I t f f m I t e i ffiHs Hi I tmt iHnit ^^tftei it^n viu (1905); (i) 'iff itit fftm, iti-fitf 1-wtfm,
n t n I i i / i i f r n f i cnHei ffen >fliH iftiiftt section vu;(br) M. Asin Palacious, Una descripcion
11 mmff ftfi itf-f^tift I t e i m n H m ^ l ^ Hitt nueva del Faro de Alejandria, in al-Andalus, 1/2
ie? I (1933), 421-92; (fe) E. Levi provencal, Une
f ^ t f r s i*tTffm itenwtfgm tHfen Smtnfi description arabe inedite du phare d'Alexandria,
m5T31?f^ I Hie?i sf*n s t m mft tt^fen m stlfte^t in Melanges Maspero, 111, Oriental Islamlque,
s\ Hie? tifi m m ttnt m s c i ^ , The article MISR. 1t?em i f e S o ^ . ; ( i o ) Et. Combe, Alexandrie
fienotei Seiteitti.fi s ( i ) t n 'mH'i-ftiti, ffi; Musulmane " notes de topographic et d'histoire...,
til?, imt. C. Torrey, New Haven 1922; (^) milt?em ifevsvs %, ^ t ; ( i i ) cm, Alexandrie au Moyen
i t f t , f ^ ; (o) BGA, i-viii; ( 8 ) mi-tfftf, imt. Dozy Age, Alexandria 1928; ( i ^ ) C i n , Les sultans
and De Goeje, Leiden 1866; (<?) t n ^^?r?ra (GMS, mamluks Ashraf Sha'ban et Ghouri a Alexandrie,
v); (to) mf; (1) 'm?fi-ii>F, timf'1-tmm ^ ' i - in BSA (1936); (io)^ cm, De la colonne Pompee
tinm, i W t E i b - o o ?nem i ^ ^ ^ H.,- i f - de Sacy, au Phare d'Alexandrie, in BSA, (1940); ( i 8 )
tjtHi i v i o .(.; ( b - ) i t i - m f t f t , tilt-; (fe) t n tmm, cin. Notes sur les forts d'Alexandrie, in BSA
mmt'S'w-^f? f 'smtt'i fp; ( i o ) mr-mmft tim? (1940); ( i < ? ) i^ C i t l , Notes de topographic
itfii m', ie, it?em i ^ b - i H.; ( i i ) iti-'m?itft, m?- d'Alexandrie, in BSA (1940); ( i t o ) c i i l , in
Hmtf'f-mtHf??Tt, imt. fi. mi-itf, ?tm- i f e t o v (. Bulletin du Faculte des Arts, Universite
(see also W. Hoenerbach, Das nordctfrikanische d'Alexandrie, (1943); ( i i ) C i t l , Notes de
Itinerar des 'Abdari, in Abhandlungen fur die topographic et d'histoire d'Alexandrie, in BSA,
kunde des Morgenlandes, xxv/4, 1940) I (1946); ( i b r ) A Grohmann, Studien Zur
cin Severus, t ? f 1 - W t ^ ' itf-ltfl (f.) historischen Geographie und Verwaltung des
c? Ititm tfimt I t ! itiem ifimen mm iit cmm fruhmittelaterlichen Agypten in Osterreichische
tt^m m m i ftSesm c?fmfi (?i itnct) ifi^mtfi; Akademie der Wlssenschaften, lxxvil/2 (1959);
( i f e ) W. Heyd, Histoire du commerce du Levant
t T n t i ifimen, imft Sm - Q i ^ f f i fH%i tititen
au moyenage, Leipzig 1936; (ô) S. Labib, mft
f:m%I mm Hfi fi??en icm Arculf (680), Bernard
the Wise (870), Ludolf von Suchem (1350)iflt tmmHi-tfiimt??n ti'i-n?H'?-?iH'- mm ( M . A .
flHt Palestine PUgrlms' Text Society's Series-n Thesis, University of Alexandria, 1949); ( ^ i )
m | 3 5 ?ft?tCl; M. Baumgarten (1507) in Churchill's mtf I-fi iti-irmti, mff itfmtHm-tmjmtimt Hn-
Travels; Leo Africanus (1517), Hakluyt Soc. 92-4, 'miH'f-tmtf, itenwtfgm i f e t o i f. 1
various articles in Hakluyt's Voyages, vol. v, S. Labib (E. V]/ ci. n. *4(l?f?lk
relating to the 16th century, Sandy's (1610) twt^jpiTiRf (ojjjiî) sitenwtcgm, 'jf fi?jmtfm
Travels; Blount (1634) in Pinkerton's Voyages H ? , itfm I t m Alexandreta Khata Isson, Itltlll
vol. x; Maillet (1692); Pococke (1737); Volney (Malalas) mm (It. n, îfes) Alexandreta e Mikra
(1783) m m I mnen tiit ^-tntmt??it itm tmmmt (Aramaic
mgHl mm ?nmf ( i ) Description de I'Egypte mm "fgtfi) ?Hm tt?t^ i ^flt ciem^ i t itct iltimei
Etat Modems, tome 11 (2^ Partie) 270 t.; t f t C Skylltzes ( ^ t , toii)-n' Alexandron; i t ? iflt
i b - i imf? itenwttgm ff tint ?tf?tei nt ( f ) Alexandron ite f t fteef Alexandros ItH
Planches 84-91, map 1" 10,000 views and plans, (Michael Attal, 120; Zonaras, i, tofei; Georgius
nmf (ns) Antiquites. tome 11; ( 8 ) T. D. Neroutos Cyprius fiiicn mfim Byz. Zeitschr. ii,^8V->fl) i
L'ancienne Alexandrie, tiffii ibrbrb- itlffem; (ff) C?tmii (Romance) t m i f C f mf Alexadretta ItH
A. J. Butler, Arab conquest of Egypt, nieit itme]? ffmfcn itei . i ? T f c n if itct tfifs f i i i
t.H.-^/8i t i m f fiicm?
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Contents
^mbi tfimmt ( n t men. m fliH mm m f f iH i f i m citi ficspm itm cn 1 iif1

C<tH*wt C i t m ^Tft SH u t ; CI n H d Tyre ifltH fll fmfcn mm 1 i f e o 8 men ^to i t # nwi S^
n?, mHci Acre-ifl? Saint-John-n itci nH) i l l fit nmf intfi iflf^n n e n iei ititiiftm
H-^tifi-n iftf p j u n d ) - n i?11 iH itci, i f l i t n t i n n lenH firm i i ^ i n 1 fmm m f i S m
fsfH HH ititHi l%pt iti-'sitHi-n itici (it^n-Hir, m m f i c ^ f f i C i t l t e i ifw* fam mmei nt m-a
imt. Reinaud, ^1, ^, ) i i t n I t n t i f i c n lem -p; fii ffffe m f i iiem i i t i i t i 1 i f e o t o i t e n 1
mmfi iflt M H mmti i t n i i mp iHf itilHi ^^mt iflf^'aei f f fiemitffm m fitif meifi
(IVIurait, Chronogr. Byz., a. 1968; tnfsmtl,Hi^) iteiii| fifi cntrnftfi I t i i n 1 f f itmisiifi itH
ntitfl-Hnm m tm Hi iHi^ i m f mci it%i ifii CI, f f ^C^n (deturkification) 1 itmci g f f
mj^ M mcicm (Aleppo) nti Him t f m n 5 t qi^^ mm'fim imm fifiHeicn mmei, f f mHf ficmci
It im, iHe t f ntt rnim cig Hi nt Hti itf? fififieien mmei tTtH 1
i n Hci t f s t i H l t f I t u t H i i o , o o o - l t C i ( ? , o o o I 3Ftem-fifi ff%;i fenti itcitnt 1^ f f ^ mira (fe
i f e t o o ftim itmitft i f m t f i cimtut Hi ^^,0^51 cictn, ifeôto) nt n. ffii iti-iitfi fi^fn^ (itntm,
ill^t g ( i ) Rltter, Erdkunde, xvii (2), 1816 f v s cict^, ifevoto) Itfte fmwsi iiti i m n ci, im
1.; ( f ) Cuinet, La Turquie D'Asle, 11, 201-8; (o) mfi fifim itimi-n m^sifii^n fimm Hm iHci 1
Tomaschek, Zur histor. Topographic von I C I fi:^ if%;itf i m ifm i mi 1 cmei mfi wn
Kleinasien in Mittelater, 71 k.; ( 8 ) mHm' C5ClH, Iflt milt i f m 1H1 C I , iflt f f mstmH fifim n i ^
vol, 8to 1.; ((?) miHi csciH, Hffflt, es.i; (to) Tavemier, fiiaiffei Itfici 1 n ^ ^ fmm lem mrniriiciruii
Les six Voyages, i, 129 k.; (1) Cornells de Bruyn, i n itmH f 1 n cmm-n iiSfiei mm n 1 mwn-
Reizen, Delft 1698, 364 (with an engraving); (tr) ,it^ ?iiHt Hffi n Jsf.e ci, i f e v s i mficn cwcm ifê 1 iS
P. Lucas, Voy. Lans la Greece, I'Asie Mineure....' m m c;ife ie^ mfici Sm rnin im mr 1 m i fiffi
1, 248-9; (S.) R. Pococke, Descr. of the East, 11, 1, mtnm Sfte^ mfi ifim m im; infiei f i m imm
178; ( i o ) C. Niebuhr, Reisebeschr, 111, 18-9; ( i i ) itenwic^mc Sc^sm im n 1 fifni fscitm n nwi
Walpole, Travels in various Parts of the East, fifit f f mH; mwti-n cifie% HitfS n 1 n itc
351-2; ( i f ) itcicsrt H m m - n 'Siif itcntn; ( i o ) itiwti-ifli mi i t i ftmt (Hatay) n t fi 3ptem-ff
f f mm ?H t n t f Himi, Beslm Darkot msi iteitnti I C I cn i w m, i ^ ^ mfiei fimi ftmt
HH mt I n f i imn I
J. H. Mordtmaim (E.I.^)7ltcm Itfi i i i f g ( A ) i m f iHiat; ( i ) Arretes du Haut
i f e i b - icn ^1 ic^ HHm mH m f itiHi i m commissaire de la Republique francaise en Sjole
i f n ; "itcnmcgm I t n n " fH im mfcn iHf mm et au Liban concernant le Sandjak
itit f m (Lausanne) 1 H 1 m i K I litsHl i H m d'Alexandrette, nos. 330 of 1 September 1920,
iHiti ifk itu n I Iflt mifftiiwf^fliitcnmc5^, 403 of 9 October 1920, 987 of 8 August 1921,
4 ^ 1 (Antioch) fffi m I ^flim i , ' 5 , o , o o o - n i f n 1135 of 5 December 1921, 1881 of 4 March,
ifiitf fn I t m ifliH f f i i f i i m uift fii, ficii 1923, 2980 of 5 December, 1924, 3017 of 31
I f l i m f f mm m m ntmffH cwm f f wtft Hcmi
December 1924, 4415 of 14 February, 1925,
im -#1 I ifecj.b- ^. itimi-n i^l f f naitm icm 3112 of 14th May, 1930; (cî) Accord Franco-
mfi C5m Snu itt; ifec;Lb- ^. Gene Spor Klubu turcde Geneve du Janvier 1937 portant I'affalre
(fncn m cm*(m i t i ) 2tffl n 1 t m S C S F I J i m du Sandjak d' Alexandrette devant la S. D. N.
fn mtffi I H F m f mn cm^pn f i m nt i i t i Decision de 1' Assemblee Generale de la S. D. N.
mwtifn, cn iitn cm^n fiici fi n 1 finH f t ^ i t r a i du 29 mai 1937 dotant le Sandjak d'un statut
i f l Tennis court 'OATH' I t n mwSlf1 liin;? international Special et d'une loi fondamentale;
m m i i iHmicmu 1 i f l ^ n n i f l t aicn f i m ^ itmi% ( o ) Traite francoturc du 23 Juin 1939 portant
m m ifim i H n ffii iti i f f i j ific icet mi 1 rattachement du Hatay a la Turquie.
i f e v s 8 f?tm imtci mn f f mîtm m r i i ifln (B) Studies s ( i ) R. de Gontaut-Blron and L.
m n Stitfi gmitif s r i im itc f i i o ifti 1 f i i i t m L. Le Reverend, D'Angora a Lausanns, Paris 1924,
tntf Hicm
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Contents
WH-tR4tft WH-t^4tft
39-44, 56-68 ; ( A ) R. de Feriet, L'appllcation d'un CS, ftft ^ 5 S R ? t f t f WtÂ ^ ' ^ ^ W1%RA trftswft RC?J
mandat, la France Puissance Mandataire en syrie bisÛ'al?!fttnAiftslfAWH I tAlA 4if'll<(W^ ^<t>ti*t stRC^ A ^
et au Uban^, Beirut 1926, irb; (va) R. de, Gontaut- tTt tt'SAl A H 1 ATR AS ftft WtCRC?n-C R t A f ' ^ - ^ " S ^
Biron, Sur les routes de syric, apres neuf ans Rf&Aftl?RlilAA t f t l S t f t ^ AlAt? C 4 R Q ATttJt tt-GRt A R Rt I
de mandat, Paris 1928, 84-90; ( 8 ) F. Bazartey, W8tA ftft A f t WtR-tAtatttS WtRC^^f A t t R t W fÂAt WttRA
La penetration del' enseignement dans le Sandjak mi "OdH/iDbV RtCR t ? t M t R TO? I
d' Alexandrette, Beirut 1935 ; (a) ^ (?rl4, Enquete ar^tft I (i) tA^'R-Wt^^, Vt, "^..; ( A ) tR^^t^s^lRA,
sur I'artisanat a Antioche, Beirut 1936 ; {ii) ^ \S|W|RI'R-SA1R, i t , A'S'b ; vaiV-S>, A t , Ab--S>, Ob- M t ;'
( ? l t 4 . La Communaute turque dans le Sandjak (va) M. Canard, WtÂt^'A-TO'^ lAltA, WtRJWAt^ iS.8Nb-<j-o
d' Alexandrette, Archives du CHEAM, Paris, no. %, i t , is>, f t ? t ; . t , A'JJ, M t i ; (8) i^ CRt?3, Histoire
1835, n, d., 64p. typescript ; ( 1 ) A. Alexandre, de la dynastic des Hamdanides, WtRfwAtf^ iisei t-,
Le ConflIt syro-turc du Sandjak d' Alexandrette, 8AS> I
d'october 1936, 4 juin 1937, vu d' Antioche in D. Sourdel (E.L^)/tRRt c?tR
Entretiens sur revolution des pays de civilisation
(m-^Jl*l^ ( ^ L l ^ V I) s WtA, Wf?tA t^TAtt t A t
arabe, 2nd year, Paris 1938, 104-41 ; (ir) Journal
WttftatA, A t t R t A R t t R 'H'^m ^'\sl[l|if '3 R l R t W r ^ - i i R
Official de la S. D. N. Years 1936 to 1939 ; ( )
wf?Atft I tAl? W s t f t t Wt?t A R R t t , t 4 f 1ft A8o/V(?-8
Man Jabiy, La question d'Alexandrette dans le
RtCR W M tACR R R t M t C ^ A t M WtRt A R 1 t ? # t .ftRtC?
cadre du Mandat Syiien, Lyons 1940 ; ( i o ) P.
fft # ? ? TOR mi 'tAR Rttftt tAtC4 ft?TtMt?
du Veou, Le desastre d'Alexandrette, 1934-1938,
At*ft C?? I f^'^ tA^ A t ? A ( 5 . ) tAtC4 M igR*rtCt
Paris 1938 ; ( i i ) G. Puaux, Deux annees au
R t S t 5'tftft RAtCt f t f M TO? I R # ? "^ft^rat, t ^ t ? R R 4
Levant, souvenirs de Syrie et du Liban, 1939
^ t t ? fftC<tlC*R WAJ tft t % l t WtR-'^ôtM-'fR IS^ ^3
1940, Paris 1952, 49-56 ; (iA) A. K. Sanjian,
'(ktttWt ^ ?5C^ I W t R - ^ ' l M IAtC?5 5'tM RttCfR
The Sandjak of Alexandretta (Hatay), its impact
t C ^ 2tTO?nCA t A C A t M 4RsifACt*t AtRAt RCA AS I Rt*tt?ttCA
on Turkish-Syrian relations (1939-1956), in
tft tAtA M R 5 Wf'pR-'iR RtAR?CAA M l ^ l f t ^ ^ stRR
Middle East Journal, 1956, 379-94 ; ( i o ) R.
?f#o A t f t W^CtA Stft m9<i5 fICRt I f^'^ "il^tt lAt%?tCt
Massigli, La Turquie devant la guerre, Paris
ARt AR CS, g['ttA#CtA RC*(T ftft f|CTO R t t C t ^ R 1 ^
1964 I
R ^ Ajt^s'^ I (St RRttCttft? WATtAJ R A C R R A 1ft <ilt
tMf (E.I.^)MC6Tsit tl's? *fRtt CtRtR5f?CA CS, f ? W R l i l t ^ t ^ A f , ft'? est ^lC?t
lAt t M , . f t M ^ 2F AtSlCA CTt tHRt tAt? *RAH I
wtARTA W H - 4 t ? # S t , ''i||<l<llf RfS? ^jft I ftft t ? R A R W t a l ^ Alft'^ RtCSA '5rf3R A t M (iR? A f t ^ p R W f t ^ Atc^st .
AtASt'STO A ^ f t f ^ ^ t f t R ^ r ^ - i i l 'SHIsfAt TOA 1 OAo/S>OA tAlA W l % C ^ ftA*ft fACÎ I 'ortR-tR^rft? ? C 2rt%RA ^tt^
RtTR ftft stAAAf? A t t R t W A t f t t s t T O A T ^ - T O RftA CAtCa? R ? 1 t 11R Rt^CS? ^ ^ R t^Stt^ W M r TO? ^^ft
ft^ AA 1 l A T m ' R - ^ o\^/4sm i^<t R m if^ft W A ftft t ^ S t l i i t ^ states? M t R RC*)T ttftj 2|1M TOA 1 A t w f M
tAlA AftAtA (JStWtA -a fttp W i f t a ftc AT*)! A? I tl'Q'awR C T O I ftft M TO (At)-A M t W A WttAlRAit R t ^ P j p R
OA>i'/lRlt >i'8i Rte^l t % F T WH-'5St#t IAIC4 t i t ftf3; TOH ('Sitt'S, W - C g c t ? ) C?^ RR<A TO? I ft'? ftft (itt A C T O t
; ft^ t ' ^ - ^ ' w r vsAJSiAspnt -WT1% >i>8i RtTR ftft AAt? Wlfft 4tACR CS, W t t AtTO (?t)-TO ^RTO 'Wtft (At) C^t i tft
f *lW^<St 4 ^ 4 AA I W?,R WtR-WtM' t%t<rR-'SÂtMR ATO tst TOA I
Wtfft ^ A H f t W - T O fRmCAA f ? t A ^ At't4-TO lilt t [ f t ^ W ? t tAt W t f t ' R - A t M t 5 4 ftM tlAA

^fATO ftft f f t I C A W f t f t A ? , ft^ l ^ - f t ; ^ vSAJi'/OT'^ R t ^ ' R - T O T t t t R t ? 4 afClA ' t M R?,Aft= WTC^ I tAf sttCTO^
S>8i RtTR fe?t ftft AA I wm-tWtft tPRtA t Q ^ ^ t f t ? M R etc? ^PTO 2t?tM AS (t5t?7Rt i'OHS/iS.CO',
siM ^ TOR 1 % P t RTRfE5 t A R A ] ^ TOA A t A A t f ' J . Ab-A-'08'0) I lilt R t W tA^'R-RtftR "tgtrA:

Rtft?''A-RT'3RlA StA, ftft "trS'SAtR O O o / ^ - ^ ^ [ R l t i s S A RtC^ AC^ Rtt I RCA AS t A l t tAfS iffTOl^l R?AfM I TAR
t t t A t W S t f AtAT ^ A f w t p m l R W A ^ (Rftc t R I TOItAT AW S 141<[*R-RI^ (. i j U I I | ._,Ll^) ; f4n'R-AtTOI

ft^ Wfe AtR t A W F t - t l 4 l ^ ^|A?R tW^J AA ( ? M A Wi/5fl#-'
-^.i - < ) ; 14R 'wtRtR-Rr^t? # t wtgr*- -
lilfitR J > 8 0 ) l i R l ' o l A t W w f i i l H I ftc R R J ?RT ASI W^ft AA
lA'Wt?ft'R-"5tôttÎ^'tSR TO^'Wtg, RftjJI "^'RtR '3RtfATO
tRRtftft^^C^R
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xsrH-'^Jt-*!^ ( ^ n ^ v i ) 8 mf'i-ini m'm t n

i t f f f i , 'mimf i i t m i^msii rniwt n t mi-f'mm
l_jlc: J J .A a"i ^ ulil-aLLLI) ; H m t^t I t f H ' l - f i m (c^ffi/irtoto)-.fli i n Sf? 1 tH w lien mi iei it?ti
Hen, tif ifm f f men fci iH f m i? âaih-bh
I t e i ffci ftm ^ n t i mn I m-ffoif? tiirite?
^ jjJI v^r?^)' 1iT5'^-itt531 '^n-fwfnt i n tici tH S^ iei it?f^ ticn, tif if tii
(ij 1 -si, I j_jjx j j i a i v"-^); mtHn-fiHi, mn i f ^ t n I t i m (f .)-'fl? me i itia mi-iff (?tf?, vso)
iHi^ it?e men ci, mi-f'mm-n tiitit ite? fc?
mfTf Hia|<l frpr S -> ^1 -. <,^ i\ J -.11 . .1 - . < ) mr-tfirf
; tm itt ifmrnif ticn i it?f'5j-H'm
f%^m-iTfHi-1%iH'i-5iT?H 'mit'i-'it^sBim ( J J J J I (ftm-am, cî\5) m icn ci, f f n fftci i f ttitci i f i
v"^); Hsrim-m 'ititmn^mt it?m mr ifmci mm itimtien i mif (\5\5o-8, ooa)
iit 1 nH icn I tH mâ icn, mi-f'tm imei
citeSt i m ^ it?ci m i mm im it c?, fmei? i H
Hm'^-it^'X?) H-mtfHtn-iwfnT i^j .^.11. .1 -. < fm iftffH tn, tH mfliei mtftim ticn nt
j L a V ) Hm tfoti itsi m mt H-mfHn- cm im mmm tit n e n iftffH It iHmficn I
itf-mr ( j i _ L L v i ju J<-m v"-^); m-mlfw l f l ^f itim lat (mm'ti, mt. ftm, f i ,
H m ftn ^(r#l-fw ( j j - s j u J l ^ ^ i _ L ^ ffv) itc i f ? m n c?, itif me? ?i 'jeit tH si^f f f
Hmim-it'^ (^ J M I - <:); Hm itfotmr Hi i i itim icn i
fHl-fotltHn (jj ' '' "h^-fi ' L u - . L l ^ );
iîit 8 iie^^f ?mif^ltt t i n t i i ^ i ^ 8
(i) -Tmf, \ 5 l , iffffo, iloa, ilofe ; (c^) 11>i'^f .-î-if f ,
Hm 'mrf H'l-t'jHm'if ... ^
mt. I t f , vsito, vsib- ; mn. de Goeje, otoff (m'm t n
L-ci I-.- , V I ) ; Hmmiti-'irf j:i i^L^) ; fitm); (o) C l H , f?rsf, s i , otoff, toto, o<\o (m'm
H m f ' i - m i H m ( 5 _ . ^ v i . - . 1 ^ ) ; Hmtn-ff? ( ^ U L S t n t ^ t ' i l ) ; ( 8 ) D. Sourdel, Vizirat, tim& i
.-.t^.sii);Hm'mnHm(j>i , 7 . a ^ ^ . .i - <);Hm imtm iHn (E.L^)/itm c ? i i
mpf Hm t n itfi H'l-'sm'^ i . .i - < < '.. .r -. < ^ > i \ o l f ^ (j_i_k.î) 8 tmen I t f i icmm n H i n I
^îo^C?)v^li itfirf titi? H n mitf tm mn m m (j ^ -. ...i) i
8 (i) mi'^f, farw, Hi^; (^) mrf,}. î, tm meifim i i m n ^ i i a : -) "?5t?
oo, o\5; if?m-, t^fHm, Hi^; ( 8 ) mnrf, i i ^ - , f^j|t itti^'S^tins.T. n t tiifieii i mcmifstis;
?5C?
^. iffff ; (ff) mfiff, mmn, Hi^ ; (to) mfi mnrf, ^ n f n (mfii) tm in i t i mîHi it?f i tit mmi
ffi, 8 ito ; ( 1 ) tn fwt?, Htrnfi-fmi, ei, Aî ; (fr) tftm (j ...1) m timm [j ^ f- )i itei Smfi i? nt
tn'1-itfi, mn. Fuck, w n fftm itf'd su^
'fi'iel'nfSîf timm (,^_j^_i_M,), timm, fitf 1
ill, n m ifeffff %, %toto-s; ( S . ) f f , filH^, f. c^ff8 ;
(ib) mfitf, itfifi, f. oe; ( i i ) tn'1-Wtit, f'mtim, (j^jj^) ? i e i Smtio n (f. Vullers, Lex; Pers.-Lat.
tii&; (i^) A. N. Nader, Le systeme philosophique i, 94a ; 97a, ii, 223; Noldeke, in Grundr. der
des Mii'tazila, tnt ifeffto Hi^ i Iran, philol., ii, 192) i t m fif? 1 1 1 ^ t i 'rf5
f m 'ja mf'i-mfii m'm tn fftmi m-tni^" (_),;i. ...1) (mfRt_)-, L ,i] nttmmmsf I i m t f t m
Hen n n fmHf, 1%f tfi iitfiis fn-mttm n nt {jfs ,,.l) [Megilla 13*, middle] i m?f cilleniC i^
mi-f'ttii msm n H fsmen i m tifi? n i cimf cin iteinfis^ m witfH itc ii?H? mn?l im itltei I
itim tm iRtbf til I tH tmm'i-H'm 'sm'i-fammm m liteim i^lemir 1 itef Spiegel (Eranlsche
H'1-tmm (<_î_oVi i j j i j i i j jf jVii >_,L:i^)icf3 Altertum-skunde, 1, 94, note I) S Justi (Grundr.
m#5T (fmci qiii f'tm-n Sfi itim cn m m im der Iran, Philol., ii; 448}-m ltd i^lim cmi im l
n ;5. i n f Hnf) I iflt 1 mftf nfH meim (Avistan)-n stakhra
iXiit 8 ( i ) tn'1-itfi, fftmi itf'CI S i ^ ic^, _>j^:i^(i^,im^)n'^^c^Sîef, cicir35 iiH mei
ftos (citm ffci'a^tn'i-tfmfim itmn) i g. Chr Bartholomae, Altiran. Worterbuck, p.
'-vr ittnriHn(E:LV'iimClH 1591) I
T M F T I I E M '
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t f a t n fji> do s^ 'G sm <iogiHim I t i itm ifl tf?t mwmf fli lat tiin r"itfm
nfô I t f "mtl (mHttlfmPersepolis) i t c S ^ I t i t f mwmf? Sn mi mm itci >!s8/>!sv8 m f m
Hw i^ltww? 111 t f i mtR f i ^ m (Pulwar Hit l i f ? i s c n n, t f timn-n ifiêi n fien i i i fat
fsiK L_jlijo) [ tf Hmf m ( j j J j j . ) itti t f "m?i ieien mwmf itm Sfli, fien ifim oi/s-i
iHHl-iiRi 1 5 T O Siwiti I tif%tn' mill m I t t c imf itc m S ^ It m i tm n itct titn-n
I t n C I , i t m w t m l f l UHlRRl (Achaemenid) T j i t i i fe? 11^ ifm? ifimf f c i t i f i i m-timif?
mticitfti 1i*R^ itm n t ^flt men 1i% i t n fini "^c wtm m, 8f/ioi imfe tf n mm (cmm)
m n i f n m tH? mew mficitfm-n i^nrmn I t t i Hf m?ji I t i t c ? ? liiiH ii? f l l I tm ?Hitf?
mtnmici i T i f n i trntn i i m "mi cwm i m t R t i f e i iHi n I f 3 t i n n m (hva t ^ ) m - m f i f
i n i t 3 ! fll nt lilt cwm c m ^ t i fi m mt ncît f m fifi f i n f e ( m itf'-!^!^ i ) timin mfi
tittn-n nmtH i n mfi fli 1 mitft (Arsakid) m m S m i f ? c i f ? iitm len i mwtn i ? f i o i m
silwc^'s 'i icn "^cns m -in ^fit ili it% i*ncn '(iifH'^ci nfwift? I t c i t n t , i m fH i i f ? ^ - f i ^sfi? Sew 1
iHfs Hi I ititfit titn m i itc m i i i n mitf? icn I lilt fim m-itfififi? i t i t e n Segi m ifim
(j \)-m fitn I t m t i ^ i n i m rnHf mtfi I t i t f tmie? Sell iHeei i iti-mifif Segi icn ci,
i^ "nfwiH f c ? n H ifj|if% f l l ?fim "siei im n i i^
(Anahid) C i f ? lf?tlf%c?? (mimt) ^ i m flcn
(t?tf, i i . , v i 8 ) I n? f f m (i)-n wniicn ?iftc
tm fiifci ii?fieitfii ^ê fi^ citfi it^ i t i e ? ?
(it m i fif?t m ?H?t mH m i i mtf mwf "mws itmei i i t i - i t f i f -ii lat ifm fiff?^
iti!? n lilt i n tm ncig f n i t ? i T mwcf? fi?it1ii ifim i?t ?5en i t n i ? t n "itm^n Hi?? mftei f m i ^
mwmf f t m i i i n i " ifim cn I t f fli lit i f n i t n 'it^'i-mm-iii? f ?
t i t i ? - i i i ? ifntfm "fniticmiiHc i n itm fH Itimf*i-itm? fi?i:^ mmf? fiegtf iemte??t iHm i
m 1 iJi./to8o m m m m ? in m-'mit' t ? f ' i - f i ? t f fH fiegtf nen wm i t f ? ffifii-iii? i f e ? n n tnr
(m)-'ii? i n i f m i f # t n mf n i fH iw i t m tnr cm ? m n t fH mftei i ^ t i f C i iHi i m i tm
itm n? %m (m)-? fmt mien Hic^ liit i 1 m "JFcit timn-n if%un mf^ i '^ptif mf?mm iei
it?mm icn I titi? ô/toso I t c i inmn? i itffm toi/ifi i m f ^ê i t n ieien i f i t ? timnei i t g
m - m ' i f (m)'Sim tn'i-'^ti" (?t) ii. iRbiH iiten mfim n H mmi i t i n t n I
fifii mHf? fiit iitcici; i t r n f i m i fif m i f timn-n ttmi imei m "n ci, laitn "^gr? ititf
I t c i l a m m ifimHil figti m nt tfm itmtc? m m itntf fHe itemii s. T . citfi i t t t f m
fifgs i m i n i iit i n I i n ifif n m in m^[pti frn^ timn'fmt I fifimieiwfn (JJ-^J^j) [ 8 o v
t n 'itfii (f.)-ci fiwti "m ifim wm cm icn nt f %] itc I t e n cn i w iit fErt?,ii mgm ifm
fll n fH ii?H m icit i Rctti^nciii imjitf? fiitei I tntf f ; i ^ S^ i t e i f i film, iintft i m l e n
"fTmt I fs>/>!s8j> m tnti?f|f?mcnimimn If. I t i isfi fif I ifm i m i n m m citfi iit i m
J. Wellhausen, Skizzen und "Vorarbeiten vi f5t HW'isfeH-v I t i i # iHfs fif (g. J. Walker, A
(1899), iii f.] I timi?-n imi*ifmcn fin Catalogue of The Arab-Sasanian coins (A
fimnwmg. Baladhurl (ed. de Goeje), p. 389 f.. Catalogue of the Muhammadan Coins in the
Tabari, i, 2546f., 2549. 2696 f., 2830; Ibn al- British museum), London 1941, cxxix-cxxx,
Athir, ii, 420 f., iii, 30 f., 77 f. ; Chronique de 116) I Sitmt.^s 'm?tf m m infiei mfi i?m fgt.
Tabari (Pers. vers, by Berami), b-ens. zohanberg, timm "^H it (5. G. C. MUes, Excavation coins
iii, 452-3 ; Weil, Gesch. der Chalifen, 1, 86-7, from the Persepolis region. Numismatic Notes
163, and thereon A. D. Mordtmann, in ZDMG, and Monographs No, 143, New York 1959 and
vi, 455-6; Caetani, AnnaU dell'Tslam^ iv, 151 f., J. Walker, A Catalogue of the Arab-Byzantine
V , 19-27, vli, 219-20, 248-56) I and post-reform Umaiyad coins, London 1956.
tnten i n i c n timi? n i i f i ? f l f l
i m f i T t f 112-4)1
f i m i f ? f ^ fll I mf iSi, -sFci tmiitm 5 n H
^2fn
Hiieit Hifiufim i t m i m f ? iffm liiiH n
ieien i m im:? mifi n i iHH cwm H^ i t n ifeoff ^ ifeoi ^^%tci timim "^tifienm^fii i^rfe
icicn cwm fm (^ j>s) mm ieien Sn s^-if m im [ g. E. F. Schmidt, The Treasury of
t m f fiiem
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Contents
tlTO fto
Persepolis (Oriental Institute Communications, ffcw? itiJt fm '^fH fll nt mntci ivsH fium mei 1
No. 21, Chicago 1939), 105-21 ; idem, Flights ?Ai imf ^te^ imfcn mn fcttiHitt tt?fieitHen
over ancient cities of Iran (Oriental Institute, H f iiiff^ IH'm? fitim' (fimtcn cm? mi)
Chicago 1940, plates 8-10, and G. C. Miles, op. ltd wtfien, Itfei 'f?f fit?m' (fit?itci? Htfn)-iir?
cit.)] I 5bbvi,i<j ItH? ft CiHm lit men s^titmm ICI fm im m-i ttmni? tfWi ((MAî imf itc)
^1 HH im m? i liimci cimn iHitStcn i??iHc*ti liinsfwfii-t mmf1-4 m f itci tf?t mief ?iti 'i-t
iHft n I f^Hnti" iim liimH- ihc<j> Hcii Scîcmir wtifi' mmi im itîici ifim ici n 1
ICI n I i i t i J. Morier Kar Porter tfti 'wli%n m f e n i m Htfn liiiH ffati ttfc? ^tf
fcn' iHmtn ( % 6 g.) i cimn men ? n i ^ iff '^'f^ it? it?tm i^fwHHt I itf n ^ itfc? itieiei tf
Kci n H ^ liina-mî itm i m i fcn cmici tH tf? iifi I iftien ie ^t itfsci mntn 'fi-t ?ii' m
fiti cificit wtm m? c?, t f it?HciiHi itc ititi? ifiien ttfmi?; fif iiftej tm Scgi tt^mmm 1
it^lHi I ti11cn Hii Hnt Schmidt ilft Flandin 1 C 1 n, S ^ i?jfi ^:e ^t mtt mf n, (i'li imf?
Coste iiti )=ra?ic^<H I ifm ib-so fîci? ciiHci S f ? ie m till ffft atn atn Sell icn) I Ouseley
Hitiff i n ^ mi mmH icn [g. the picture in tm m ifimen mwf? ttm (mf fi) mm if mia
the great volume of plates. Voyage en Perse, 11
f?ti I liiit f3r mjme? itf? ifimHil tfei (wtifen)
(Paris, 1843 f.), PI. 58-62, and the archaeological
'Htfien itf' (fci [) ?m 1 'ifien ttf'-n c?
text accompanying it, p. 69-72, and also Flandin's
i t i ?tf5ien im ci^smnei if^, cntei itfififi? igfBen
Relation du Voyage, 11 (1852), 137-.] i
fiH HtH iftmei 1 itmi itf? liitsfici nfwi, tmiitm
titn itijf it? i H n Iti i^HfHi fH^t^ wm wtifen mitm ?fim f^^ icn 1 tf stolze-iii? iHi
' Scgicmtj I Simimi f^îtmi iten it? it i tw (Verhandl. der GeseUsch. f. Erd-Kunde in Berlin,
S ^ i H n itfHi f itei, cmsHi? nHe i t i iti? X , 1883, p . 273) I
( S a p o r ) - n i&HfHti 'Q?5fff S % S<s,#tf itei (^s.si-^s.'ii!, it?fiettfii timien iffm Hfcn ntte? mem?
f?ti) ; tt?tiim tfci it?i 'mf ?ei I m t ifi itei, i&fffiiii mm 1 cmi ?m 1 cn ?m, tm iffm
uqt men nwi 115 ^pm liititeit f f ? f?nti i f ? i f t fim ii?em? cftmffi f f f s F i ; cn cn ?m, tm fiitm
icn I nttc? tfci fim-t wtrnfi m 'wtifei? ?ntif?' m nfmntfm fim mfe? cftmffi i t m i , cm
?fie Citm m? 1 fifnr itSti itm '^H^nfiei it?tHSmi ( J l , j__oj__i_s:)-iii? i?^ f s F i cfitt ( S J ^ ^ )
wnfenHfi ?if 1? 1 wtifi ficn itfH tmn? nwi mf^mi, wmfi, m m i fitim ('m)-c^ tm ifte
cftmfii i t n 1 tmen fiHitt tfei m m fti?m*i m im it?t ltd I tm itcici tm ifei fcnr n
?fim fbfi' icn I fimn? It? imm ie? 1 n cftmf^li itntf im (i =^)
wn n H ifi^ iR i t i itii-t mwt? m mwr? (nwi f?H t?len fiitm Hftc? cifi?tfii (Semiraniis)-iir? ffim
cftmfii mf^)-n tn 1 tiin-n Hi mti ifi^t-tfîsei ttnisc??, mfismim <^m itci 1 tmf lifHu it?fieiifii
lilt IR ' a w f f I t f ttini? if? if^t fe? i m itfte?
titimit tmf mrnmn otifii mfiii iei ifim
Itff fiH itieB? 1 ifsint intf nsf? fiH fgas mm ftei I fi?mf? 'itfm-c liit mei it?emm-iir? m
ife I iimtenmutim^tmeiififii cmti^5it?m
itmni? itfti ^ i?jft ite f?H? s^tmeien icm ('m)-n m mfiettfien S<s,if%? iei fa; ifim fteii;
nteim tHfs iR i t i i-t wwfi i i - i - t ^mi 1 ffen ii^ HI iti'mfit?m (î .ji,., ^ ) fcit Sen
ifiH iim? if? ifft fc? tifi?-n ifi^t fiei it? im ^mei.i ffen Sttime liit mm? fifmi liiitn
iîteiei? i i 1 flf?H i^ if? Sis? fe? t m t n ite Himi fiHme mi iHei ntfwcimffeig^ô n i m
cms I t t i fc? i?fi I tt?fietiHen itfififi? ititii^ itc iij i m m ifim itm mt i i-t wiffen
itnmf? cifiten itci 'i-t wfifi, iteit c?f tfifS 1 tttti-cjf fifi ' j n f n tit?e t f m mi 'nfwi'
't-t wufi' i]ft tm itfti Iti ffHi'm i?eii:t I n 'fitmen mmiitm' il?f imm fifi itei [tm iei
f m (fimm- m n) m ' ^ f ^ tiw' ?fie citm m,, i s i
"im iff" (fei?ii;m)-iii i?f| fm^SHfi mwf?
itfe t?f i^HfHitt nm i m If icn 1
mfnui cmni 1 i'^ itei, fimm Cm) cimci n H iei;
lilt mi 1^ Iten fiei? ^temtr iten ititfite? iit mmi nf if?m mffmficn 1 i\si ^ i s i ici? tmf Stci
im 1 ? c? mei fll IfH m i f i (xerxes)-iii? ifwnf 1 liiimm 'Itmm ?imm' (fiiiw m- jl ^'.i^j )-iii?Seii
tmf Hiem
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Contents
tim
^\k*i\LK (S. the reports in Ouseley, % f., ovy, ^V'K) I i i i - t ? ^ itmei I litt mfiems? itftm mgei cim?
1 nH SeiiemiT tm? Hum i iflntiteimit-tmiiti
iifnST 3Htf< n t it'iHm itmt fft? i!ft% ( o j ^ j J J " : - <) m 1 ? I m i f e ? frtifrnm ft
itil^ra ^mtci, Hms g. mr-tmift, iH-mtiHft t m mtl fli I fit?mii-ifl? i ^ ((jl ^ jl... S-L^) I t n
m-lt?ftft 2tf1 fdtlfiw? Hnf (g. Schwarz, Iran) i lie? file? i?fi mm-t m?iti-ifl? ^pjc? m ^ ^
imfci? cintim t?tft i^Hffnf1, H m itrnj^ tm?ei m iflt?ii ?t?1t im n (f. Ouseley, % i.,
m - f m ^ f ffmsf m i ?iH? m m n tT nntf 11, 300) 1 liftitei Seiij CI, f m - n <t itti- fi-if%l-fe?
iHllm (g. Ouseley, 11, 380 f., 387 f.) ^ i^Wm? i?H ?tm fim {SJ^ <i_o j^)-n mtf twi n e i
I
ste s^tmeim ^sssH st^Ht te?tw%t ft?rt (zinc ?5m ?fm Sell i?t itm Itei [g. F . Schmidt,
E .
oxide)-iai? n H?ff& Sti %t i ie mffs net iiti- Persepolis III, The Royal Tombs and other
n ttiwei tt^ti? m Hfm:^? ^ m t i t i iti? monuments (Oriental Institute, Chicago, 1970),
fiTfH lki fmtiw? ittH I 122 ff. ; W. B. Henning, The Great Inscriptions
iflt m - i t i f 5 ('Hffs-'H'Hff %) m-itnti csfn-n of Sapur I, in BSOAS, ix (1937-39) ; M. Spregling,
sitmeir?? it ti?1ie'rtfiei? *fltit?r*tm sm itiei? Third-Centuiy Iran. Sapor and Kartir (Oriental
Stnei ?j?ue?? tm iHitHcn, Hf im? Sft? ittii Institute, Chicago 1953) ; E . Honigman and A.
m-?t?it#t? Siemm 1H Sit ite f??. iten i m i Mareq, Rocherches sur les Res Gestae Divi
1H mtl ci, n? "mf (?t) it?Heitfiei i t i t mi? Saporis (Memoires, Acad. Royale de Belgique,
?#?tHm, g. (Fragm. Hist. Arab. ed. de Geoje, p. xlvil, Brussels, 1953)] i
256) I
fi^sm ( jjj^ )-n ifim f e ? [if - i-t mm (jî:.
m i fifii i t n t it?fieitfim * i t i t ? e i e i tmei?
m m f??? citf^ i f ? ? t lift I i fi?leii iflltei cut i t ?
I
^ j)-.ii? m? f^ i ist if%d] ^ ^s?Hfit &m i m
(8</ioi imf), fm?tt ?teini cit?mf f f i Mieti? cm? mimfm i m m Htmn (j.:; c ^ ) ifim itci i
HiH m?ft f i i t f i f i itm fiitei i i?fc?? (fei/iî iif) t m ffi ifiim itmil ciem^ ntf?^ m ifîfmn
m^'i-m! t??tfi ii ^^H it?f n H m?ff Itlffnei ij<i! it (5. Flandin et Coste. Voyage
cif5 fiH fiitfifi nt S ^ Hiti (fei/iffi itf)-n c%g en perse, 11, 72-73 and PI. 63) i >ld? Htmm'
"mf tft Itfi m?ft nH m?f) - i a i ? fiH finHfi i mm ifimr m?Htmn' (^îLJU ifi^s ?j?f n i
<ift filtHf^lHl imei de Sacy fm? Mem. sur diverses tmm mtra^ 'mmci? Htmm' itiH ifiifms n (g.
antiquites de la Perse (Paris 1793), P. 139 ff. Ouseley, f. i., ii, 522) I
ifei fiil meitm ifflten i Noldeke, in Stolze, timn ^c n 5 cif S^-ifki /8 i ^ i m
Persepolis, 11, 6-s\ Sm Hf m iteitn len i nc^, i?fei fiH ff fiirm i ff it?mHi ir?m
H. Petermann fi? Reisen im Orient, ii, 188. CI-ê ^ I t t i ifl^ ItH: i?f| lit fnfteit tftic??
I
iei T|wtim ?t%r fum tn'i-fsftim t^'i-fsttim ifltm^(j ~ 6j_s LJ 4-xi2)ltdmftimni

t?H'i-mf? (d. 765/i363)-n m^ fiitffi? Sell f? i f (ItmeSHfi i i m i f if <t?icf)-n mi
ie?1 [f. V. Minorsky, Later Islamic Inscriptions f e ? mfi fwm mtfitc? titei fcf mifwn (6j <.
at Persepolis, in BSOS (1939), 177-8] i itSH iteaj
iJ) itd mfi im n I fwfsf lifiH estei
Citfi i H m f?f%^ issH; imi ie? c?, i t ? i j ? t f i i
titimfiHf<(_,_ijî I < jj 4_o)-ifl?Seii
it?fieitfiiei i?it S^ imm ww c i f i e i nt tmm
m*[fii i f ? ? t cim iflt itfH ?twitf? i i t m?t Seii iHmen (f. Ouseley, f. i., ii, 380) i iff? i^fljfil
?#?titeii I iitiien 'jn 'jnitmm 'jn f n m f i i ntitrnm
n i - t i m (,.1 ...J ^ ) - n i m -s?^ iti, ifiien ciefi? n n ifimn n i fift? lem liteim ? ^ f 1 '
itfH, I t i t m n f l (6j_^ oj ^) f i fff itm timn-ifl? ^ ojj)-ci, m ititm
i W T ^ m i f ^ nt Itm itieiei mfififi? ?tmm mHH i?J1tei Itm I t f f stef ci#? ff (^f - iei i
mH t?f53m ittiff fSmf, ?ft?fei i "<ii?i fi^s t m itm:i n H ittiti itm titei fiitt-itei^ (d i
m m Iflt l t d miitf? n i ciitim m^ f f i f i - ittiti ff) iHe Flandin Coste ifimen i
t?tm mf? f? ?^mm iflt m i ? m?it mite?t tm? mi tmf c i n i i m gtH mitiei m mi fimen, cm
t m f fiiem
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Contents
t?rtn \5ftr
if' ( i - ^ < r i - ) -a iMf-mm I f i t ^3 ifimf? mtitc? mnt i f , tfm mm, iflt ff

{cjij)-.<:,7.i)m
mg^TTR (jj I u t wnitmfn
mfi fll OOO iw cititfH S 5 f f i ? Sn nt nifH
. nHi, fim i % t timn imri fifti tHf ti Iflt itc i o o f t mfti if?i'i ?j?itifm lem mw
frsii f f i ^ n n^ff i m itir ^ftftn i ftfiif s m fifi iwf itff? (iwm i fm?tf i t n n fifi
(THifCf'sirnigmiitc m o i ftHn? mr ^ i f f w ff wmmm fimt it^ttrnt, mm nm Segirmu i t i im;?
i c m . i f ? t n citfi ifliH f i m ^ cim m i c? n ^
i r s r i n cig ici nr it i ifUiif 'sn^ff fli it%'
"tificn ffit" I imu Siitu t m fifrmi cffirffi *ititicnmw fium ciesH fiHimimim?Hmm
fci I C I i?rf itmci I mif i?ff i?f, mtt wii%f t f fi#t n (f. on the castles of Istakhr, the accounts
from Persian sources in Ousely, f. i., ii, 371,
m i I itfti t^tmitn ' Q i t i f (,.^.,., - <) mitic?
376, 386, 385 f., 289, 395-7, 399, 403-5, 407,
im i u n i? cit^cf citm mfit; fiff mciif iiH
531 ; Rltter, viii, 863-5, 868, 877 ; Flandin and
tificn ftf wif fimfim iHit mit w n i >fltwu ^flt Coste, Voyage en Perse, 11, 71-72; Flandin's
^fti 'cimff f i m t f i i {.z--.-j) i i i t 'cim iff Relation du Voyage, 11 (1852), 140-2 ; Vambery,
f c i I t f i i (-- 6j_s) n t n (f. fiîtifit#t;
Meine Wanderungen und Erlebnisse in Persien,
if-tltf, f. i i , tolto; tn'i-itl^, i i ,
yv^, fe t h e Pest 1867, 250 ; CI. Huart, in Revue semltique,
Persian reports in ouseley, f. i., ii, 344, 364, 1 (1893), 259 f., 337 f., and in Hist, de Bagdad
370-1, 375, 384) i itff1 m^tm mcl ^l|fi<|slt<t (Paris 1901), 28, 31 ; G. Le Strange, f. i., 276 ;
f?f^ lit itftc fiitmc? mci mfii iwcii iii it?it Herzfeld, in sarre and Herzfeld, f. i., i i 8 - ( ? (P).
m m i f ? m I liftwiT ii? fim t?i mft, "mf (?t)-? xvi. and Fig". 46) i
fgj? c?i fif ic?, >flt Iti i w f'mfim cimtit ili<f 8 ( i ) BGA, ed, de Goeje, passim; (^)
?ffic n f ff [f. Wellhausen, Das arabische Rejch, I f f , f'wfl (imt. Wustenfeld), 1, 299 f.; ( ) I f l f f ,
etc. (Berlin 1902), 76] i f?t?f i t n i i (?ff?t it?t Kosmographie (imt. Wustenfeld), ii, 99; ( 8 ) tmf,
tim"}? iiHci m ifim) timim fcf? if^ ficn iw? fimt; (a) tn'i-'^'t^X ^ ; W ^ Iffm, fwffm,
Itfim (i-t wtifi-iii citit-n mf?i itc cut m, UtHi if. Norberg. Lund 1878, 1, 284-6; (1) P.
titf"i-mm timir? nff?i n) i itn mfi nft Schwarz, Iran im Mittelalter nach den arab.
mtfi?s fjc?? ffi?f i l l i f e f t 'mg^'i-ftom sf/ioi ii%
Geographen, 1 (1896), 13-16 (13-30 on the
>flt fcf? Sn nft fi?f& i?m wmit? f i i t i i m i t f mt Province Istakhr); (b^) G. Le Strange, The Lands
i m i c n H f c i t c i ? wu i t f i m m ific iff? i iflt of the Eastern Caliphate, Cambridge 1905, 275
?T?if m t m wntmi ^ i?iif i?ii?icn iitm i t 6. 294-5; (fe) Ouseley, Travels of various
I C ? I 8 t o i / i o i 8 mri iff?i-n itmt? imtft (iuqiD Countries of the East, 11, London 1821, 339-441;
itiifM3mi(<îji .X ) tim<(m fcf fimi mfii itm ( i o ) - C. Niebuhr, Reisebeschr. nach Arabien
nc? fiwtf'i-^lfci? ?iumftf mt i ? ? ^ n i n ffiicm etc., Copenhague 1778, 120-165 ; ( i i ) Ouseley,
wmmisHt? i t f i i^t mittm Sflm snmm fft ifici op. cit., ii 187-191, 224-420; ( i ^ ) Rltter,
i?cm?itf?ii i i T t f i ic mwffi i f i c mm mf'^ n Erdkunde, viii, 858-941; ( i ) A . J. Rich, Collected
miitm?fi ffif ?5m i? nt n ?m ffi mte cistt Memoris, London 1839, 231-261; ( i 8 ) Flandin
iHcitfcitjt?jmmf I i?itfifci ^fft S^tpiil inf et Coste, Voyege en Perse, ii, (Paris 1843 f.), PI.
itimifm wu m t f ^wmm ftiti? i ^ ?jm5 n i 57-112, and the accompanying Vol. of Text, 68
i d - f e o j;%tci Iflt ff t i i ? i t ? fn, fif ciitn cn m 155 ; ( i f f ) Flandin's Relation du voyage, ii( 1852),
i f ? m I fiffti ic? mfii-ifl? n ficgtf ?mij^ lititci 88-214; ( i t o ) F. Stolze, Persepolis, Berlin 1882,
mf? ail i m \ I C I i i itf'ii<wti Iflt ff iicmi ftm 2 vol; ( i i ) ^ n n , in Verhandl. d. GeseUsch. f.
mi2Rl iHm *t1 i m I Pletro delle Valle, Hfi >fl1tci Erdkunde in Berlin, x (1883), 251-276; ( i b r )
i t o ^ i ffd i ? i R ic?i, fH tm *tit?m cific m i Noldeke, Aufsatze zur pers. Geschichte, Leipzig
gcmff? i i t i i i timim fcf tm n t? n t iiti 1887, 134-146; ( i f e ) Geiger, in Grundr., der Iran.
icn I fSf^nti c m Morier, Flandin (and Coste) PhiloL, 11 (J896 f.). 390 f.; ( ^ o ) Justi, ibid., 11,
Vambery, Flandin >a Costeftfm?m:i "flt fcf? 447-456 ; ( ^ i ) A. W. Jackson, Persia Past and
t n t f fiicin
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Contents
m - t f 5 N f t
Present, New York 1906, 294-320 ; (^^) E. tfoff? ?nr? i f ^ iHitcn, turn i?T?f ?fi?t fift?i
Herzfeld, in Klio, viii (1907), 1-68 (passim); (*) m m ( f m m? âift ? n t , m m i imci liuft
Fr. Sarre and E. Herzfeld, Iranische Felsreliefs, fiitm, S^ cicn ? f i t i m ^ i i?t ititri; f . mt.
Berlin 1910 (on Istakhr " see especially p. 100-2); I t l f f ,toi)I Kramers 't if ntc?t i m lf??tm
(f8) Of The old Persian inscriptions of Persepolis (Analecta, ifeto), lf1-tfmif t n ^tsit1-iil? ir#lfi
and Naksh-i Rustam the best accounts eire given f l liuft ms S m m c i t f i i iti ^c '{f iff icnm
in E. F. Schmidt Persepolis 1, Structures, Reliefs, I t e i t n i f # a i?f mt 1 8f./ioi i t f ? intrfg ciimci
Inscriptions, Oriental Institute, Chicago 1953, Hft lilt fim, iti-itif mt if t m m mfsmf
who includes earlier references; (fff) On Sasanid ^gnti nt tfcnci itcit S ^ i c ? i ifi-?tif-lii? m
monuments and inscriptions, see Schmidt, Op. lititci^ t i f i ( f . ) t e i f ? feitiitm it?f'sm l e i , ? ? t
Cit.-The best maps of Istakhr-Persepolis and its t ? t f fiinf? i^ff sffite? t f ftcci liiift creitfii
immediate neighbourhood are given by Schmidt, im nft 'cii' I iti-?tif? I f n e i ^51 ie^ imi i t i
Persepolis, i, and iti, and Flints; (fto) It.it.t., ff., mtf t^tm fimm it?eii? 'wtfimeif? s^ iei i f f i
iititilie? 1 tmiifi itmmciHfi i?enffit? 1
M. Streck(G.C. Miles) (E.I.^)/-5mmR^ itw? tfieiei iti-mf? m t f e i f ^ itifsaj i f f ? m
^sfH-^tÎ'lIt (t^^^jJa..^ :;/l) s^f tnti tnttti ntH ifitme? itiu cif? i t i f i f i ; c?me?t 1S1 S f
tn mi-itfif mt-ii?f, 8</ioi iif t m? t n fsmcn iffo i i f m;iil Sfe ifii? i t ^ ?fi?tci 1
fîfm fcitn f n nt iioiittlicn itu ifstn iitc'W lit t?ff?tm wut ifi-timif? ?m i t ? i T mm I f m ?
-Ifff iHHf?) citum iwi IC? [ c i t ICi f f mm'Q; [ f . v. Minorsky,
tf? 1 ^ It aft? isf I f f ? t?{^ i i t m A false Jayhani, in BSOAS, i1. (iSi.8Si.-ffo (.), iffto-
fn?t imti 1?iti if?T: i t c i tH i i ? i i t t ? t fRRtR? S.i11 luic^ t n mîti nt i i t itm (chain) cn iteitcn
tfitl?-'fl? i f ? ifntf ficn I ?tf-iii? ifyi?ci iii5tf?m iffifiîttf iti-fmrtf? mt i f ? t m c?tii ficife 1?
?f f f ? iti-tffif fimft ii,et ifiltcn, fi? m u i t I
?f%;, ficil tf? i i i : i^pi (continuator) t n fs?^ t f H^ m nft imi ? i H I in fieim i?t m,
ifci iti-itfif finrm?t i f ? f ^ i?it?tcn i m-^tmfs i f i f M i^f? if?ii Itf'mi-'?iif? wu f ^ liHf?, fm
n t itf I f n i ? m i n t i t ? nft f n fim i t i - i t ? f i??fti? cPtrt Sf f H m citfii t?mf?ieit tieitf n ,
W iHltcn (mft. De Goeje, 8 iff ; f. i i , f. ff, ifio nHfbCiii itf?ft finf i c i t I'StmH ?5?t 1? 1 iflt if?eit
fit I t i ) 1 t f i t c Iflt i c i ir?it m Iftc itr? c i , f f ? 'sm-fmmf i i t ?nt mei tm imie f ^ n t i ifiit
f m t c n n iftc? tfiif t f i ^ "^m t?fci, m ffiiicn, "mt^ iite? if i H n itifs^t nfi n H
itc?t ffifitfn i n t ifitff ifiitm citi itci n f fsi I e? Imitci tftimf%i? iit?titciiteitf?ti??fi^
Itn ifiitflcn (f. I f f - , f.) I l i f ? I t f ieiiiffii cwil? f ? * ?#m i i i i ic? i t
iti-tifif? f ? m isugf? I C I T i ^ i r i ; liiift (v3?tm if^3>3?i?t1-ititfl)" (imt. De Goeje, f. ff, fm
fif% I t i itcn t n f i f i - n i t ff? Itm t lat a) I
mm fif It imtci igfir n , mf itm? m tf?t5i n?tiei? iH m-f^tmf? icitmm fgm fif?t& 1
'S?5Cf? n m n i t n msitl (if. Kramers-Wlet,;?.;},) îtem:i m m, i f i f m citfii f H n f i i?f mt, fG
fif? iff I t c i ffi iflt Itme? i t i t f t ' n i i % t t : n , m m t f iti-'?iif ifi-tf'fif? i?j?f n m i f #
ifivs lit i m fH c i t l Iti n c ^ Rif? fim i f i i m S^f? lit ifJF ItHit m I mrm leitie, f i t f i i ftf?i
i t I i i ? f i c i itmft? imr Iti f t m itim i f i i ? mtfei t t c f i n n ^ i t i f r o g S ^ i c m ^2FCI u K i t i n ,
iîcitij 1 m i lit Itnt i f l f i i = i i ? n i f i i i f i r Sf uf tmtii i f Itfw n ff5t% Hm-KH iciti
m m i m n t i f i f c i t i f i i i t i f n m t i if??t i^, mt utî iiteitnt? (tm) itfcii tifttS c i t f i i
ooto) f m fim m n i%t n m Sctci itm wu n f ^ Hfi Sti ^r i?i iTtH imen i t i e i ? m 1 mtftc
i m (i^, o i , oîi) I lilt ^tf^ ff n iP^lc? iim? fiwf nt c? n ^ itei
ifi-tftif? ?fS iiHmfi-ififPn ^s?t'1- m t f i i - ifmc-* ifim if?e itifei mfm ? f i f ? fH lii i f i i
c i c? cm if?f|^ct i f i - m f - n ?nt, i t f mt ffi fiif Pf, im nei?iHfBiii fnttm 1]^ fail 1 Sitnnii
ifisnff i t m f i c n >ii?t m>ami->it? ?m, fifi m i -
fif imfi I t e i t m ^1 m m i iHcifi eiT? ?itfm
t.H.-^/8^ t m f fiiem
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Contents
WH-t*l^ttff \S\So
ft SfATt ? lTRtttT:tA ftÂlAttTotA W A AT tAStAR i;A1t-)"*^^ TOA^f R?. M. G. Abd al-Al

q R t f t f t A A t A C t Pift>w|C.< t A f ATT AtA A T I t A f s f t A ftft CA, alHlni (4t?c?t >,^b-i/iîb)-m i
WtR-t=Tftf W t ? A C ^ ( W 5 t r ^ AWT), tro, tMfA, A1ARTA 4txr<lt g ( i ) t A A Af4TR Kramers-Wiet, X, XllI,
^ - W M t A t qRt TOA I XIV, XVI, ivs, v s i , vsib- (n. asa), v s a a ; ( A ) t^twfft,
WT5T-tTttfft t A A f t ' t t tAT? a t r ^ ^ WAAT lAtA WtARlt'^-^WfA f f Rt'ftsFtft'R-Wt?s1%[ ; (vs) A^'^^-'WIRlR,
t ^ i f t A C A t f t w f R ^ S p o l f t A ? R t t I TAf? RAtCRflHT R C ^ - S i l , - i ! 5 . , A i - A ; ( 8 ) ? t ^ , t ' ^ ' ^ - t ^ , "SI?- W. Jwaideh,
W t R - i ^ ^ l H t t f t A f ATAAfCA ftAf TOA R t t ; C ? A R ^ R A l C ^ - t The introductory chapters of Yaqut's Mu'jam al-
R t f ^'j5'R-'iiitt-<5? w ^ fir?4tA I lilt R 4 R ti^tc?ra buldan, Leiden i!**!* % , % i o ; (a) - ^ t A A t R t , i o 8 ; (b)
^RRtA t ^ Af'S^tR WtR-tRTtfft ftcRA ^fA*'!'^^ SÂtft^tft M. Reinaud, Introduction generate a la
ftCRA I tA^ A f ' S ^ (W^. Wiet, A A ) ftftATC^, Wtft Wt^ geographie des Orientaux (Geographie d'AbouI
ftAT^- WlR-firafl< R t ^ R T ^ f e d f t I ftft ft^ C f i C t A feda), i t . - ^ T t R R i b - S b r t., b r i 1 . ; ( i ) <^ C R A ? s , Memoire
A A f W <pIaI*p|[a ( ^ i f t ^ R ) RPrftg W ? A R ^RalCA't, A f t t A f C geographique, historique et scientifique sur
ftft 4ftfA ^ ^RÎtCA-t I ftft tAt A T a f ^tSR-'iRf RtAf53J ITnde, i J l f t ^ ib-8!5. a a ; ( b - ) De Goeje, Die Istakhri-
W W ^RÎICA-^, AtAt W f t We.'^t? I Wtft WlAtAAlAWtR-ii|A Balkhi-Frage, in ZDMG, A t , 8 A t . ; ( ! )

liWft R t A f t g W ? A R ? s f A A t f t AtAt ftft W^CAttA ^ f l A t C S A TO? Brockelmann, S I. 8 o b r ; ( i o ) j . H. Kramers,
AtAt ' R A f f " ( i t C W 3 ^ % AtStCA I tAt ft^ W T f t S'S? L'influence de la tradition iranienne dans la
CACRtie5ftTO lil^ft R t A f t g W ? , T O 4 f t A t f t AtAt ftft Se,-^ geograpie arabe, in Analecta orientalia, i t , Leiden
ftCA5At 4 f t A t C ^ I TOtT ftft W t T O W ? f t ftRC?? R t A f t s t f t i ! 5 . e 8 t-. i8b--<^'<b; ( i i ) i^ C R t ^ , La Litterature
ftft ? f t ? t ftRt ^RstCA-t TOl Rtfft?-'il? R t ? f t 2 I J ^ Wft?n?t geographique classique des Musulmans, i^, i!5><?
qHl^<t> ? f t ? t A C ? ?5t?? I t A t ? f ? ftft WlAtC4 ? C R ? , Wtft t.; ( i A ) Blachere-Darman, Extraits des
CTOt? R t c R A ^ W T O R 4 f ? ? t f t TO? CTOt? ? t f t ^ t k t principaux geographes arabes du moyen age,
? # ? t f t I Wtft CtRtC4 WtCAt ?si?Cft, W t T O ? M T ? # ? C? t n f t ? i!5><M % , i i A - o , i'a8-<^; ( i o ) 1. Yu. Krackovskiy,
C41R C 4 t ? TO tfQ?t C1C5T tAt ^ R ? C f t ? ? 4 f ? C ? I Wtft Arabskaya geograficeskaya literatura, R C ^ -

iil?5tft4 "^tTR ftl ftl l f t ? R ?s1? TO? t A f tAf?t RiCA f4t*t C R f t ? 2 f t i!5>(2-l % , i!5>ib-b- [S. D. Uthman Hashim-f
?5f?C Wt'Stff ^ I C A t A A ' i t ^tC^t W t f t lilt ? 5 ? t f 5 ? C T O R Wt?ft W g r o ( l i l t ? ' l A S WgC55?T i - i - b 2 f 4 t f t ) , ? t ? C ? t i!5>ib

R t t A T O R f t W T T O RtR W TOt R f A C ? 4fi?t(A I tAA %, i i * i * - A o o ] ; ( i 8 ) A. Miquel, Geographique
Af'8?tCR? ftft 5tTAR^ TO? WlR-t?!tAft s t R C f s f T S t t humaine, Paris-The Hague i S s - b i ^ - . R ? ^ i

lAt? R s A C A ? Wt? ? 1 ^ t C ^ tT^ttfft W ^ ; f C R 4TA4ft AtstC^ I A. Miquel (E.I.^)/5At^ t R f ? " ^
,lAt? AW W?3?R^tCR t t W c ^ fitr? ft^ A t c A ?
ft?5S t f t f s c ? ? tft W t t f t I ft^ tAA AT'S?slR (g.)-iil? AMt^ft? ^JiysH^<r| ^ (Jj__a.i_^l) s ' f f f % ^ R t f
S T f S TSRJ AtAt a S 4 r t C T O , tAt? 'il^tft?5 'jtt? R A ^ W T O C ? R l g t C W r a ? T S T ? t f , A o I p t A f R - ^ i , b - e V A ! 5 . C A , i8(?v5 ^ ^ C
tAf "tftlê AtAt Sc^ CA, ftft T T O ' j A A t f ? ft^^ ^ t T f t ^ 4R?t A t f f ^ , i v 5 8 A / i W 4 C 5 t ? ? , i!5>A 1 W l i l T O
tff I t?A ATS^tCTO f M A t M ^ R T O 4 W f t 4 f f ^ R t C t ftft Atc ftttR RtgtWI t t f t A t A t f ^ I lilCÂtC? W S \ ^ ' S a V I R S I
tff (STOAf^l g. A. Miquel, Geographie humaine, ?T?Arc?? ft4 ^^c l i t R l R f t A t A t Golden Horn- R T ? R f ? t
vS-bl-Ssio) I ^g?T? ?A?t C?5tR ? T % TO? C 4 T ? ?W ffti ?5C?R,,
<Q ft-QCvStftATR-iil? CifaTOt T # iilRt^tC4 ^5?tt? A t ? t
AtAt ftrr?ct lii^ft c?tA sfcBtt ? f t ? T srsttft TO? a i a t c ttC4, tlRt1, S R f R I ? l i l ^ CSiRTsft ftg ft^ S-AtAA,
WtR-AtRf, WtR-t^tAff tA^ Af'S^^tCR? A j f t ^ t 'StTst litsftf? S t f t l ^ TOt W t R t R t W t R t A t 4 l f ? f t ? t C ^ , C ? ?5tR'S
<Jt?sTC? ft'fg ?5?T TO R T , 'tR t T k ? 5 A TOT R C # 5 R4t ^t?"S l i t RA2t 'ii'=ll<p|cpt t ^ 1 | R ?Rt A t ? t 'ttC?s I
W?R^ Wtf?Af? I Rt? g Wt?tCTftTO R T ^ T ^ RlR1?tC? WtAC^ (5.
fttt'R-RtRTft4 'SAt'R-RtRtft^-'il? ^ " f l i i f t ? W?Rf?CTO ^ t R t s [ ' R - f ? Wt4Rt?rft, sprtRtAf^'R-WTtTO, R t t . "Q. ^ T O ,
J. H. Moeller {Liber climatum, Gotha ibno!?. ; w^. W l ^ i ! 5 . 8 8 , t-.ft?^,% 8 8 ) 'G % ^ R t % T ttRC?? SfTtft^
A. D. Mordtmann, Das Buch der Lander, AtRS'f W t s t C R (g. Die altosm. anon. Chroniken, R t T . F.
ib-8<? t-) 4 ? s R t t f t ; A. Madini (ftTO i b - 8 A ^0 ^
Fiese, Breslau 1922, 8.28, 3 3 t T t f t ) (Jj .- ,l)
< i I 4 f t W s t f t c t C A ^ (ftftRtR R t C ^ ) Wg?twrs R t ^ tt'RslCA't I
't'iftACAtR", 'tRt?C?lR" A t 'tR1?IR" i ^ t CRtt ^ ;
tro ( ? ? # R?. De Goeje (BGA, i t . Leiden i b - i o -a
't?ft?C?1R"lilt C? b - R / i 8 t t C 4 W ^5t tAr?
t ? R t f ft'9C?n?
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<t>R?ltcn J. SchUtberger (Pauly-Wissowa, 5. fif^ ?if ftnt m, cm mmfit, mmfiit, ntifmmi,

Constantinopolis Oberhummer), [% tot/ii^Hm f?tlt, fllffi If. (i) E.I'., i, 889 ; (^) mHitt csciH,
WU lfd%r I f Stampol " H. Dj. Siruni, in Studia if, f (ta; (o) f i ^ , f. i., 'J. itos] I
et Acta Orientalia, iii, 1960, 164] l (1) "(^ " ifiutf'i-fnt, ! - t n ^ ' Q ' 1 8 1 - t n *^ UisH
w m " , "f ( t ) im"-'flt icf? m m cm m fif^ fifii itHeT itît m (g. it^stm csciH, f. i . ) ,
'5îiRyi i f i s t c [ 1 1 ^ (g.) i x m n - t trnmif, fr.] i lit^H l i t i t i f i i mrm i t n t ^ m, i i t (citt) cmt,
m=r-mi'^ fmff, f. i*) 8</ioi m w ^ i (cnt) cm (Rhome) i
i%tcn CI, Itm m ? i t c i i p p s ' f p H " >s "^m#R"; t i i t f fîiiifci? ifiicat Seien cmc i n e i M s
io-sr/itoHCH cnHci F. Moryson (An itinerary fifit m m iH cm ciH fim fim 'mn mtn?
ii, 97) t i i m c n CT, ^ i f i n f m m i t w ifi ?fi?t ifi I N (fit-^^'t'C? Se^) i m i?t i t i
"HmtHStImboli", Hf f#Hf iH "mem" I I s l M 'Siitf11 t f t | i 1 ^ c? m iHfsH ?i?m ?5f?en citsH
HnH sftftiH CI, f#f Smt, îfsH lHumr/5mii> tiHn itc c i f ? f ic^ fifii ^ t?tf mm i f i n itm
(1) cm/tmR (1) cm> t i m (i) nil*fltH mt ^ It? I cm iT?i-t itint, iiti-t ififit,
eistenpolin "ê I t i f t tt^Rl (m&tf%cUeffil>, m m t iiifm, m''f-itint, iti'i-fimt; t i t uf
it^'1-itf?, iffitf"i-fntiHfi-^ iiwo (f.
metfêircfn iflt mJi^ Hic^ -sr cftmtHien
tim-cm) 1 i^fui it?m if^f^spn c? itiei? i f ^
t i l C I WlHm m J g. oberhummer, f . ft. ; D. J.
'cittu' i ? m f^ (itfi f f itf^wte]? itfiT f, ffi-
Georgacas, The name of Constantinople, in
ifl t i t fifi ?ft?iei) nt mfim iiei ^y|im? i?wr
American Philological Association" Transactions,
<tct i i?t ltd, t f t ^ i d f?ntm wu it?i iflt
bcxvui, 1947, 347-67) I
mH m ^ n; m m-t ifitci (m-iiei) itfiiei i
*H it^cm nmfi? m tmm-cm ("ciitci t m t i
m f n c? u T t n ? i^ mt tftiid f?fteu ltd tif
tiitHf") mH Iflt n m Rcwt fiii ;!i fitm (g.)
i t i mt-mfi?it ?t mt-iti:fit ift, 'f?f^' (mrrp t m
HitHcn ifnt ifliH imitw m i f i i i itc (5. HiH,
H I Hii-itii ite ?fi;) f ^ i t m ifiieat m t n
f . i., i i ) mt m (fH lit m m ci i m i<ii iti
tftfid f?rttc ciit i t itil-fiitif m-'itfiut c
I t f i m ifiitflcii cisH? fiici wtfim wu g. citm-cim,
rnn-t itim-t cificiei m mficii- iitiffie?T"
iflntm, f a ? cim) i s>i/i<H fcii i f i f c a t iflt Ui
ftnt m (cm mrt citfimt iflm cncH, nHei it is>; (5. lfl. C?fl1, f. i. f. iio) I
tfii: cfiititH, v^, o'\y i i i i / i i i i c n fifi^ G3fi futm c? mitti (<^ sJL) f?t o8, mrr is/ie iflt
u f ^ i i lit t i m cm-ci I C I ifici ci, Sit mft? 'Siitf
ifsH? itur (mwti fiiTc?) ^ i e ... 'Siitfii iflt m
fiwm n Hfrfio i f i i t f i i (vei/isevs) nt m ifliH
m ( f . it^sfiit c^nH, i f , f. aa-b) nt iiis/iitoo itci
miTti imtfl-^Sfi (s. mfiit csciH, ii., 'j. o^, aa),
n H wrti wtf ifiit emit ifiit cmsitn ci, fmitei C I Q H tmim ci;e3t ? j < i n I t f i n tm cwm i f i
ttmi ^c CI imtiHfifii if% it Sm nei iflt nte cni fii .cnt 'Siitfiif m f m c?ite's
u i uim ifie itei ( i f l t ffiH ci^sTrr m i ifl. c?fii-, tmipfd ii?i ^1 cift? (in) i f i i t Sen i?t (B.
tftfi mrH, yyoo-yôo afei, f. i v e ) I ei wmmi tftii tfiiirH r#5( cnesH, it iî) i
m m t i i i f = T t f f i p f i f l t Si 1 f t <i<KH iH I ?iiw f i i c ^ fiififi I t e i r 'Siitf i n t f t ^ ic%t
mtfteimHi I t m Smi ffi m îtcf t f m i f i mitnt f m ^ ?nf itn i ysao f - n m i iit m m
f itc srtm cm iiftewj t m iiffi iti fii ifim wu c? fifii if?tii^ Cif? itîflî, fifii
n f f ^ f t H i ( i f l t mft? fif^ icn fiici wtfim wu f. i i t i i i lit inft? n fim fi?t fiiten tJtH fin WtHm
Oberhimimer, f. fT-) i ^^tn ftmlHll intftei wu f. i ? ^ fwtufHut I m m - i f l ? fim wrfim wu
>s Itfte! titei ifi f (i)iTmffiiTf, 'SmHm Htfo f. c?riifi^tH I n n i S f i n t m i m m m i r 3 f i i s t n
mew ^3 'Siitfiit f ^sm1 lit ifftt u w c ê itei, fa; ci'sH? wu g. i f l ^ , limt (ffifiet) >s Sifm -i
imei ^smfwTc i t e i ^ s .it ifftt sfefi itci ( f . i I tsl^fiwrnrntu
Die alt. anon. Chr, mtt. Giese, 28, 74, 78, etc.) i brtoi/isei I t i ims i t m f
cslfl S i f o CI itH m mmftm ( f . Oberhvmvmer, 'Siirf 11 CI ffif\fc ii%tfêufi m H i n
f . It.) tm Sell ite^ ite^ ft^sit m 'Smf ifiimfia ifiitfii cisfit Sm fiii,SmH?t?im i fii'i i.?
ftei mH? itcnimcf i titittmHi m f ^ m i f i firm I t ipifi- (fiwf) fitm (g.) i n m H m m
tmf fiieit?
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Contents
iflm ifnt n f i m nt f f r r ^ l e n f n S ssTfiit i m fif^ ifnt f m i f e i i , f f o o wrfiitft ^ i t f i i t

i i i f )
CT; m fi fiw ffi m i n ifim, n mit ifelflm, i t m nt fif? n i c K i f i e i n f fif<F i m i fH tm
" n m Itn, w f i i m itfimt itn mt?, m w n n i n C l l t 1 1 ^ cntic? l f l cn, Golden Gate-n i l c ^
itn, I t i t m m i , ift, 1117 m m t itn n H f f (cdi f e i ) fiiten nt i i m cigfci Forum
^mm" ( f . lilts. t l t l f 5 i , in Dumbarton Oaks Papers Tauri-c f m W U n H itwititi fifen iten f i i t m
xxiii-xxiv, 1969-70, 232-5) i cit cit^lfi H ftltf^l ( m f I t e i c i t ftift? m n i ^ f H itm) i iic? fnm
lilt n , infti fmm ifiitfm c i ^ m ciitci fli i t wmH ftim ScRfei fH i t n fiitn f m ifei i t f f
nt imtffi mei titl n ? i f i ^ fn citHi i t ^ 1*1 i f n e i I t f i i m 'mim ciii2tm f i ?H?t" i<tt
ifiioi I C S I 'Sniff Itftft ^ p t i t - i , b-d'i/^h C I , i8(^^ Golden Horn liiltite n H f t i l ifie cn i fH
m i f i n i n itftn m f f t ifin cit ici n m H m itfHieiHiten wu n-itff i m i m nt "ntt f i f i t
icn m n t n i if%cm? fmfiir ific ific mrt citfiit n m wu iiwua i < 3 f i ifnr cn" i fiwm fii ie?t H H
(Hagia Sophia) ificl i i n itc Itci i f i f f i f rfi?lfimCT,Megadux Lucas Notaras-ci m i m
itui ifcmiitft? itirm fci tftm iiif iiitiiin Hf^ iH?t tfeit fiitim itf?^ i m i f ? m , fif
m itc itci [#cti cit-cmrt itciifiiri-n fnw SfHicn ntief cn i w fH mt i m i t t i Notaras
lUilHii n i w ifnr*( HTnirei, f . ( i ) Sphrantzes, iutu I t n t f ? i m u f ^ i t m ci?t n ( f . titiffi,
I f . Ivanka, 80; (^) f. Braxm-Schneider, Bericht, f . i . , ^8o) ICTm i f ffeii fiitfli i t n t t Hfit
32] n t fiitm itirtitfi i m f ^ c n n r#fi m i i m ie?i fie f m if??t%r iiKnei fH iic? fnpn?
u f ^ n t i f nt n nt i n itftm itHn nf^s -sftitcw itcii i i t i i m , tnm?ei ? i i t f i i t i i m n t
11 'Siitff ffc itit Iteitn [ f . ( i ) figi, 1- ffff; (^) i i i f i i m irwu c??i i m i m i liit i ? m ?Hiiei fH
Critoboulos, I f - Riggs, 76 ; () Tft cmtci, f . ^ i l i fiiti nsPFêi irw i f ? ? t i m ffen Snwi ifim fciti
fiî^'ti fisfff f u m isn lilt n^tf^citii iieat iit? mimts. ( i ) Critobulos, 83, 93 ;(^) Sphrantzes,
nwmft ftn i f i m i f i i t fâ i m i fH m cm w i t f . f t . ; (vs) N. Barbaro, t t i f . New York 1969,
itim 5 i e n itt nt c i f i i fiitcit f ^ i m m n iin 72] I i ? e ? t i i i t m ireit i c n ifiitf i n itc
i m I ^ n m wu m m fH inH ffiit cim [f. ( i ) i i t n iHlffil ( f . Sphrantzes, 47), iCiei i n m
Ducas, mr. Grecu, 375 ; (is.) Sphrantzes-n fini
f k n I t e i mreim iHnfii, l e i e i i i i t i e n m
mitff fnfil 1 % f ^ ^fiitfli, f ^ ifimt fitfim n , 4[??iHi I tmt nei i i f ^ ifmiit n i i m i H ^
o ci-n n itc m cm i mm? f^ i t i T t i i m
ifiitf ; tmtCTitum i i fn S f b-too/i8ffff mr?
i f % ifim itit ic5 lit 11 o CT tfici f i i i fisfft
i t m u t (n:fm) i t c t wru m (Sm fin wtfim wu
i^tm wnwiwi ir^^ i m icii i m (s. tf c i i i t c i , f . fiesg.) I S f i t c me m H i t ^ m CT, cm cm f l
î!.) 1 fH i i m f i f ^ liiint ffiit ffiit cim, nifi CT t n t i m i ifimn ?fi?t wurpH nei tf ? i t < fn
i f i i i i i m n t ciiiim i?iTt witfH ifmH i m i mt
(11 i t m i f e i l i f f m , f ? i t ciHe?tfc Hit f i i t f i z i m
cnfiitc i m ifin fH emit i m n , isn Sf itn if??t ciy3?t ititfn) I cfif?iiei f i i m mfi mtm
s t m WtH' nfwi (wiH'-t cifti) [f. ( i ) Tft nntci, % itftn ?t1t l,t?lfî s itteit Girolamo Minotto f m
{\) fifi, % ffii-H] nt til emit i m ci, n f c n itna n ; itia wi f i f i t c f i f ? f f ^ i i f i i f iiei
itc t f t ^ t itn rm itgtesn mr i t f f ( f 5 ) tg. titifî, itfnt m ; f i f r f e n fm imcnci irewf 'aim (g.)
f . i., '^] I tm i n i m m fn irniHiiei ifftftc mifîim f i ? t m c H f ? i i is> ?tft'-'^,
Ss,iifi nt, citwu fiwm fi fiiei fH 'mn' emir b-ffb-/ib- l i i ^ , i 8 f f 8 m mtfi m m f i ^ mun
icn o iiri CI cm i r f ^ l i t i t t Hfit n m ic*u i m ie?t * [ f i i % t t n m t l iHm ?mit-?tfiwj ifnm miH
fifiit Itfiei rm fiw itft ifim ific nHn nt fiw? I t m I inft? fntim wu i i t f i i irn? CT uift
n itn ifie itfin'i m fienei nt n ci, tmf i f itftfii tf m r t fli f ? s i ( f . ) iit. iratewj?
ficwm i m ftitn lijiwi urfîi fiitn ifie i t f i m fif^ i t i i t e iff? mttit mjfîitn l i i i t n f i i m
[ f . ( i ) Sphrantzes, i f . Ivanka, 85 ; (^) f. Zorzo i?teit I t f t l i ifen ifei f i m ^? fitm i ? m w f
Dolfln ch. xviii] I i f ? ? t m CT, ?imH itiietfi?f i t c m f n m ,
i * wftit-Vî m 'flfmme imoen fei f i m ?rff ifimci m i l ifim wu t f t ^ cm i?f n is.
i^m itftiftm fimm cii I t c i l i i i i T f ^ f i t f ( i t i f n ( i ) Critoboulos, 93 ; (ii) Ducas, m . Grecu, 393] i
t n r f fiiem
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Contents
IftUTf It tftî
CTC't^ Wra I W J (2-,ooo tint? ftiti itltHi 8Joma citfim nfwiciegei (itgtm) mf cisfii icm iftmci
ntfi nft i % T mjllff (Notes et extraits, iv. 67), iutu mmfi ltd n, cisH mntei fifiiien mfimt
iRie^tfiit itc 8,000 ifim n? nmfi ite 8,000 mife? ?ftitei csiten wtHt Sm ciegei ( f i imei
iHm i t i f i n I ysao ^. i ? n t e i f i i i t^l^w fiHit Clltn n m n ifim fll) (g. S. Sylce, Istanbul,
iten I Hfi m cifie m ci, itmrfl i^fim fie?tfiteif 57), iiitl wtH't/ 'mtl wtH't ( c i ^ ffifii) [g.
ifc? iiiiien itw ti lfe ^teein fH nite i n Schneider and Nomidis, Galata, Istambul 1944,
leî n?, l e i t ? uift i l l len (g. titifn, f. i., *}. pp. 25, 28],fififteiifia fcHnfwi, infi tme?
ci.i) I Iflt neit fH George Scholarius-ci f i w t i m nHfl (fmm St, Saviour Pantepoptes) (g. Eyice,
fifa; len (to w i ^ i l l t , i8fl-8) [5. (i) titifn, % i., f. 68), cicif iie% ileienitn [g. (i) Schneider,
^to ; (i^) Runciman, Fall, 155] 1 Vfffe/iSffffltei? Byzanz, 51 ; (2) Eyice, 54] I f1t1 ^? me?fl-n
i i n t e i mtl fH m t f t ^ i i t m len n c i f i i t ^ f mtei tit fll ifliH ciegei, isn nfwei ?iitârfm5 n 1
n ci, cimm cmi itw iit ititei nt ciH fei f i m ^? fitmen ci ? nfwi ('itfi'') Sm fiifi itw
m t i f i t e n fifi itw cn ititei i- Hf fH m wtfic cn 1? ifsf b-i(2-/i8ii l t d I cit n? i i ^ Hfi îfwwH
i t f i m CI, fifii iiiiftit i n ^tfif ^fiit f i i t e i n iteei ?ieiH-Hitff; c?f ci?mmm/îff iff nfwi;
fH iteii wtft icn ci, mtetfiit n m f ite fiei cififcie i?f| cnmim nfwi.; cifiew iti'-ifl/itmeitf
ifim^Hci i f i i e n c n fim tl^ci cm itileit n 1 Hff 1, ifltsH n t Itm citfim n t n itiTj ftei Hfi 1
f m m wjo/Hen? ysaa tHi f s tftipt i t m n wji/i8fl-i I t c i ^? fitm i f ? i?ff m m m i f i
ti:fm ciiefi? n H fn "^"i miiH ftfiit itei, cit ?i Itm citfim n t i m t H ftme? H?tf??m; i f i i a s
ittfie itfi; cwit, itiemten itifien nt fiten cifi 'fitf' 'fnl1if'-?iei Sfifi ititeii
cititi i f l i t i f i f i i t 1 1 3 1 mmt ^ i f i ipm fin \rh\r/y8h^ l t d Iflt m f i t f l t f mm? itut fii ys^v
Sflrfi ltd (iîff f.) I ^^H mtegefeivHitei (^flitei (g. Itm citfim iflitfi ii:fm ciieH, mfie? is.) 1 iflt
m") tfiilf^ it?)tci nt iie*(T Afei ftei ' i i i ' i t 'ten imm? icm m r l e n mfft im mti ^mt fimfli 1
I f f i ' iHit tHitf^ mf itîtci I itffii itiij nt vs>(2-/i8>r}i> I t e i ftt n H wffci cieif tffipf ^ itifte
ititei ifliit (fif), citit CSiff) ^ 1 I t f f i f i i t ; io}i>H f f ti-'itf mff fli ?Hm S^fi iftmei
fiitnn (fciesi) I t f fin fimt ifi 'gten' 1 cm "iffiiti-n f i l l I f i ifif mmf? mffm^ itf",
cm Itfm liit itm m ci, cisH f i i t mH itci f i ^ "itcwt Iflt ciem^fi? itmt i ? i t it?t itfie? 1 ffH
f l l int i f l e n ifii ifim iflit itfe ifi ifi 1 n if nil f^ CI, fitm'm (mi itwu), f i ifim ii ifif
emit m m - n Sen ifif m, ifltH fii ieii >flitm cm mf? ^ n mi im itc? m, ifii lis f i m ^
I C U [ifltii mten wu f. (i) Buondelmonte and cntei m t l ic? 1 if?fiite? "gwrn ^? mtfi-ifl? itimici
Vavassore-ifl? H i t ; (^) Oberhummer,. Konst. i n mimfm mft f i i Cf^') Hmfc? i ^ im ititfii
CI
unter Sultan Suleiman, pp.19, 22 ; ( ) F. cifi? Sn fitm'it mwm itemi iHm c^tt im itmH=i
Babinger, Drei Stadtansichten . . . . 1959, p. (Sf i?ij imt citfim ^smifin? fin ifnm m i
4) 1 CI ii.toH l i ifiitf<5 itm m iieu iflifte lUtiHi<t, b-toi/i8(2-i I t e n I t e i ) , f i f cn 1 % cit i H i m
f m m t l ifieei; itmfH n ifii^ îtei i m ii ifie n I Hf ^ 1 fltiti-niTiei iflt itwm itemi
ciafic iftm f i f i m i n n iHcei 1 tHite scsftim mr nt ntHim ffim lam mr (g. tmifn, f. i., j.
fiwm Sen ifimtci, iieu ifiittitsfit ieii mm icu i^8i) I cm tftfci c? m (2-oCiit mft f^ ci'aH i?ff
nfl fll i mj Ifln 113 f i c n ifiifc? itci, fif f^ Itm citfim, f? ftmf (c?ei^ten Hie&), f ^ m f ,
i t i f cnenifnef? f m cntnrn n H 1 Itftei titcn C l f l I f f m , iffi Siff (Sntiff fwmfi? icm), iflfim
fiwtîci m m i f i i t itci 1 fisH fiwte fiHi iftnim m f f , Sm Itmi (itntw itei), it?nmf mien cmi
m f i iHeei, ifliftei nfwci lit^H m ^?nei 1 mtuf i f f (cmimf) itfeic, iflt i?fmH ^te ims-'Simf
ifiittiafie iitn m itiititft wnm n it iHit f i ? wmf? Cif? iflititsfi? mnt 11 im m i
* H t m iei ifit itci 1 Iflt m itntif? n ?jf fi\oi-f ^j.? fitm itm
tftfm i n 1 nfwi fn itit citfim 1 t^tfiei cifHm titiie I U mnsH i?mn ifte i m ?m,
ifliH 'Sntf imfci iffm f i m itifii ^nfii i f i ^ cn citsH itc wmm?en iltifn itmfwi icmwi
irm m cmim ^rninfei? lii-'mii iSc^ 1 mt Pitsitt Itt:? nt cmm m nc? mfim n i f i c s i f mfi
t m f fiiem
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Orientales et slaves, xl, Brussels 1951, 505-26] I

( f i w g.) ; cfwi cmmwft, n H cmtmmft f f i?e?i it?iien i H 'S^mficn if? simemi fn;
^'8tmm'<fl-c mfâ c?jfi*t itftf cmtntmlt ; citwmt i c n i?e?en itci, f f e n mfe?T (itfim) m
cwtmm Hmt mff ciH/nt cmtntmf; Si-mttf, mmen Iflitm fifnt itftei iffm Sfi?rtei m ititea? i t m i
CitHi ititf ; f? mntft, f s t i t n , mft't^, o s t i c m i t c i , itmei I fimi -51? fitmen itieit cni l e n neien
ctimiitci, cntifCT, cmtifci f?-mm itaitciH i ifltsH I t e i ifftcf? ifii?i ititfn, cm cm .flf'i-cm (it?i
Itft m? Hi i t f ^ citiiitit, 8toH iittitit, 8 iH itîtit, itf'1-^mm); cm iti cneifi, cm ciHrnji i t i e f ,
c^vH cimtitci, ? # 5 f citmn^ i f n HH^ f t e i iHf tH c?itf C I C I iteit i f n i f i f s f|cn ; cm itfji
iti c i o o o c i t m I 'flt'sfn ic*u icii cititit itimm c ? i f m iciei I inHci tntfncn tm? m
f t c i nff f l l int fItfH ^ itHc f l l (g. 1^ ffei, IA, tfi i t ^ m?nttf ^? îifmen i t n 5tctnmf
timifi), i H ItH C i t l n H f i c i l itmfim it fiw miwica} it?i tfci t f t | i m Hfim c u t i t tnn-cmi'
mntit? w m HcitHi f l l I lift fmtei ff i n (g. tmif&i, f. i., ^sb) i ite?iiem
I 'i3iiif itgtcwji mwmf S^nei ^jft^ ff^-i^rfî^ n fmmen i ? ? f f i i i i e i ? i t i e i fiHi C5mi
tftfi i%n ffimi mei ci f i m ^?f?temi wtfim Sfi, n iien S n mi fH im
i ^ I f n i im itmfli mf f l i ifit ci, t f cn n H i t cn f m fiwf mff fimii'sH m ifim cfrni n
fifii i f n M i t j ^ n, mfe fifii ifimHii ^flitei Iflt ^f^c C I , ii?H Ifmei' w? I'm ^ t i t e i ; i m f # n
mfen i f i Hmnfi f#mei itn iHm? fcmi it m 1 ifimf tfen f i f ? imtm ?m? wm m t t i t ? t ' i - t i i f i
n .^Hiri fiHi m - f i c i ? fcmi-fH?ti^ cmi iHc I t n iiti ificit icit itc? (g. trnifî, f. i., f. 'ii**, it
ite? I Iflt limn ffH f|i fitffi i m i T c s j ? .^Hcir? i i ) I fimim? m?eitimj fifw i f n miflitcms fimi
mrnmfnm i Sf f l i n f w i c i ci^ ifnt Sf? - p f f i e i m ^1 fffîen fifii itutfim ?m? f H i n mm n I
iHm cmm nt miHi iimai^fi ?f? Hmnfcn m "Siitf ntew? m f i fftfc t n t f itiiei f ?
rniOTff im 1 mm citfim fn i H f ^ iiti wtei' n f w i i I t c w t iimfwi l i t i f n m^mm? m i t i m^smtm cmsm
c i t l t e i t fif3 i f ^ Siiei; ^^JRI? f i i mte? m f l l I ij5[ 2tn i t c t 'mfifwji cwitsHe fifii
ne? fimen iei fifii mm?en mm i f t , f i m mtt I f l f i m i t i t i t f i nemfim? im fim mw ifim fimei,
c i l t e i i w t i e i ? f i i t i t c mfW-mem i ^ i if?ei i m H ( i n fici) itmfii iflitrnifci i ? m fifim fifim
c i t l t e i t it m^ 1 l i i if? c? m itiffwi m t l i i 5 3 ie? i i f ^ i i i i fiewen iirm? ? j ? i i f ? i
i<tifi iffi ^ I t f t l i e n fnmm i m t i ?ffi nt cimien fiic? Hm?-it5ten w m n f ? f i i c B t m iH
mmfiici? ? s i i t i Hmi i f ? c i s f i t s t i e i iflt i n H m t nt itwifi iie?? c? 'n-mifiifcmi' tfe iei? 'e?im
mii imf%?ieit fffi itmfll (g. Middle Eastern m wtHi Hci mna fH i t e fi m i t f t f c n 'Sntf
Cities, imt. I. M. Lapidus, Berkeley 1969) i ?iiH fifii i t i ^ itc^t Sntf? n i t , ?^ n t w
Iflt tntf' ^?f'n^ i f i n itm m? inft? cfeitHi ne^ imitem '^ffi c? mit mf mw ifimei i t f
Sm^tc^ 1 tf? i l l C I Hificii Sf ttcci mm citfmrt? IfliH fnemi, Sm ^cei i f ^ ifiiejgf
m t e m I im itHemH ifm Sfimci i n t f men ^^mm itmfifltii, mfm i t i f i i iitmei? nit c g f ? itimfn
^ Sf?ii ii Hfi w t c i ' iifwHifci^m^mt^ fifim, it? 7 7 C W ! itw iHm mtcei (g. ^flt^. tmifn, capiai
cif& cif& c? itfci'sHf itm I t f t e m i f i t t ^ i l c i cisH^s formation . . . in J. Ec. Hist, xxix (1969), 98-140) i
fif3 Iflitm? n f w i c i fifimt ifm 5li?ici i i H itct i S R s t ? i i litt v s i t i i - n S n Hf% ifnt ifm Sit
tftiiei t n t e n n f t ifiat i i f i t e i ifm ffim? C 5 t f mm ?iiH c? imitem im msfie cut fiitfli, mf tftfcia
n I f i w e n f i i ie? ie?t i t i - i t ^ .fliTm .flt îfitrH it cim C I ? I .flt '^fmm? ii?eit mmmf caf? w m n H
ic? i n mffitf (i)-n itff itf i t ^ iti-imtf c?mif*iîH CSiitf iHmm c?cimi) fifi iHm iemwi
(m)-? f?e? f i i f i im n [g. (y) M . Canard, Les cut cn; Sm Hic^t f i i t i im n mtmicnt (m)-i^ i
expeditions des Arabes.... 70 ; tf? "<3?t1#m w m ciltei i^rnnii mHc i i f R ?sf?ei i i m immifien
g. (;i) Fatih Mehmet ii. Vakflylerl, Ankara 1938, itHl?ei ciei^fcn ^ffnf f i i t i mfe n wmite f t i
283-3401 m g. () Ifli. I t i e ? , timifim i t f e i cmt n, .flcift m?f^lsici ifiiflt fn?ite? n n H
iffiieiH, tmti-itmm ifeff '(. ; (s) p. wittek f i (mwt?) m mfe ciftf im n (?tii?iei fif^
Ayvansaray, in Ann. del' Inst. De phi. et d'hist. cmti m f i i t i ?m n nt ^flt ciff f i m fi??H
tntf fiie?i?
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tH^=1 m tft|1
mm itmrt (W3?t it?l%T) I 2Rmtw% BiTtfi? mr mm iSi, iflt i i c ? i 4 i i f i , tftfin >flnm n n isH
Hf%5 c i # ? I t w m fft? m n m t r s mPtfltmfiit?iistf1 m Ititm Itmm mm itm iH i ^ n i t fici^
mfsjfm mmfmten smtw%r itugmtH itft? itc itHm Mitr tm t i i - i ^ mm iRmci s (i) citr^ n-^ mfi
G Hm:n fmm i f trm furat itw nt stttr emit citt!3i mm (i^) i m mwti fmmtf, cim fiitt
1 ? v3 mrmr i? m f i i i n itm im m i .at ifwmHei cimn vs mfiwi itcim i f 3 F i ifi i .flt i m mwtrn
n t it I t m (<mft imm, i<tt witet? wmm m Si ii< iHmt iim i m iicir?s ifm SHitci nt ^flt
fim-timt), mt itttft, Si itttft, m itttf, c?rfit Itwticttmsim i m f imfirt fiiti fiiti mfifwji
itttf (ti, ifst-nm, I f imjf t J t f n wm) tJtfi nt n i m mwm mm fifw îtn i t t t fm m n,
tmipt utf fn cttm^ mmr (imtm i m fn i n i m i m fifi mi i i ^c tHiflr cm i ^ i m n
cfm:n ttr^) i mfgtrt itmrtf im g m l f n wm cttt2|CT im n mt I I C I icnH i m i m mwti mf i m ' m
.iiiH ifim fn, Smn n t it m-mttft ( t n f ci5<3mi' cn diHff 1 fifi im ^tmci, iflfici cifici
l t d in l i i f t f i mi I f i m nt ^ liifti <if) I im niHiHmH? ^mfiitn (.flt w f t i i ? i f 5 t cmif^?ir9?
iitrt i t % s g m t f i ? mm im it 'flfmm-mttfi I d n mtîfi C I I cn cni igm ifim iten, (flcmn
f i i r & n f ^ s mm war i mm tflrttn mtrnt'sfi i n itc^t ii?H iflt if^mm iffm Sliiiiflt) i
nfi fn m ci<3meii mftm n t m:i mmm, tmm? \51 stm i m m tifiiri mrtn
mmm, tmn n tTtfi a}ffti itf^tt rnifim cie^ i t f ^ n i ^ f i i i itmf fiiten fc? t^sticn
itmtfi I t m Hift i m n i "fltsfi nfmticfffg'mrtrn ^ mfifwji cig fn ( 1 ) cmmm fî m f nt (i)
< 3 m i Hmm itfi n i i i m fin n ^m^p f t i t n mi mtcitmsm mm i
i m fimtfi cm n t i i e)fistcn (Hc^ g.) i t i ftitn - ( 1 ) isffto f^tr^ ff? im itmfli n, mf? mti
Itn im ncit m fif ittm?t Scm fli mmitn mtcir n H cmmm fiiti im itn (Sit fn tmim
wiicn m i m n im, cm ttH i m n , ii ttm im, n H fmf) [g. Critoboulos, 104] i neimn Tjim
<sR-fimtm m n im, mrttmi i t n im, mm m cim, imtff mfiit g?itH fia^ ^ nt S i t fn itfii
tim f sfwcn <3 fitfimn w m itjmii Hfi im i cneim cigii, i m i m mmf? mm-mfirsfj? l i i i
ifliH 1 mf I t n n, tftfi n . A I H mw itffict ftitn S i t fll iicniftiHi ifieif (ciimmitHilei
ifm Sfimn mm fm im ^fliftm^ fm ^tc, %m n m ^ imwt) I tmfm n fî cmmm (cimfim,
m g r n i iftmri mm cigfmi itcci mwm mm i cim iti*i-mntfw?jt; nmff men iti cwmft?-c?eimf m
itrst i m i m ii mft? it?ici nt itmcifi cit ^Rieim) Sm ifsi fll i<?H, n H fcf? m i i f s ifim
cicg?t n itc fstitn tfm SiSnici (g. R . Mayer, Sm fiiti im ititfii inre f ^ m'lfrtms itc
Byzantion, Ixjnstantinupolis, Istanbul, Vienna ifimm? fin-gmtH i f mifiiien n - i m ?fi^ n i
1943, pp. 9, 20, 254) I I i t H iiiHifn inH? f i m m .flt Hfl I t w fn 'Siitf ittj fi^ff? n StfS fiiii,
im I d , nt mitm ititm mftcim cmsK im, cisH n H bri/i8i iei? cm f?ite cmmm fiiten n itc ?
fHm ^ffn fifimt ifm Sflmri i 'Smf itiri 'Smf ff? Svg? itmfli cifi? lem tit fli i r f n [g.
mnrnfi ^tit mm inHi S m "3 mifimi fiifa Citfii (i) t. -flts. ime?f, mf^ cif fiitiifi, i . s o s - i ;
'icnH cwm ficn ficn tifitj ^ cfrttfii Mitj mm i (^)S. Fyice, in IA, art. Istanbul, pp. 1214/114 ;
'Smft men itf^ c i t f i i ?ifitr fn (fm, <flftmm tTtfi? (\o) d n , Les IBedensten"s . . . . in II Congresso
m ) 1 w t c i ' n f w i , C l f l mwm mm nt ^flt tiHtj int. di Arte turca, Venice 1963, 35-9] I t m im
tmfm cinjg i n cm cn itm citfimc cicwtn i ^r m itfitt f i m cm iTfjzi itct 'flt?ii cm itm
t n f I t c i f i f i nitfi; nm3^, Sitcniffisifim it<3m m m n, mrnif? cm f i f 11tci? m tm cmnt
itmft â itntwitci n t i s n inH *itic?i ift Hifimmim i m cmttnti fn I ?m?iif? mgfewmm f i f i i îfimr
(Foundation complex) c i g lm 1fm Sfinlci i citsH f i j ? t i i m t i f ?i5i <3 figm wm .fltit i ? f o n itm
Hfl icn f i m G # ?0tiibti4ti I m ictmf i i mr iicn wmt n H mmfii fin fn (?t??tif? itftewi
' S i f f<f mfîi cift cif5 Hfnti, cm nfwi titift fn mfifiei basilike, g. Janin, Const, byz., 97, 157;
itimm^ fiiti icn, cTOfici ciîfimmmcgtsH i f ^ I t n cmm?f f^ imitfmr, g. Lapidus, Muslim cities,
Sci I citmnt ititmim tiimsRm fif^ fifi i i i f i m 59-60) I nffêmtci? tfmm inisim? fct iflt
'^les^ni tfSm i f i m c i i i f l i t i f B i , c?m imsnf&H <3 cirmi ttSH-? mnten mtt-
t m f fiicm
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Contents
t ? s t ? ^ At t^stipt t ^ H l ' l At t ^ t ^ R
M w f t <N?j^ csfRt, >iirn?t w f ^ i P i w ' s A # A

?#ife4 RC(T Ovsft M ^ ^^5ft5, f t M ^ ^ ttRT
4t?AtAl? A t M >i(i|ftfllA?TOJl?14lA5ptfatCt? [CTOsfC?? A < M
WiM I A M iiIA Ctl^tSraA A t M t J 4 iiI=Tt4t îftc WtPlAt^ W?T g . ( i ) Demschwam, 93-4 ; ( A ) White, i, 74] i
i)ATCAt I A M T M (fA'sfATH/ AtlMtR Porta 5 R M , WtCA%!, A t f f # ? s t C t ? C f f t ^ C4IR W t R l ^ W t T O t
Ci^lstlC'^/RH'lM-^tM A*(JAtf ^^tW) I lilAtA AtMlCÂ AI^TC M Rt, "iT^ssfcsft M CA U ^^t^PtCfl?t RCA, A ? ?
Rfe ' M S t T O R ? 4 f t AlATOÂ W A M (RS? tfR%4t CTA-WaAtft?t ?TT5 AT?RtC?I? (RtÂt^) C T O ! sftAtAT ft^
4 t f f t , CT TOtft ^yt^lA AR "ÂtTtlR-iflra TO5Mm
mPf ?5j??tM I F i M 'g^ftt ITOf?l??Tat R^3Rt?t 4?t AtcM,
S U M Aft^rtTA (Rtt TO, f C A T O A A M l A ) W<t^4tc^ ? ^ Ct? t ? S iSAlC Ctfe Offt^TC?? R?tTT stTS i , o o o At?l(A'=1 1
TOCTtCRlR ( R t M A A , 'S^Rtf WiRCR S A I A TO A A SgA TO^ t A t ? S t C A ^ M t ? s M ' t t t l R TO^'-C tftt ?5?T A ? ,
TOlSAtt A A RACSA RAt?:<TO A M AtMtJ4 CFRt I t A f A 5^1RC4 A o f t A ? 'fllA^ i A f t R?fWt ftRtt 4At A ? I
(RCh^t-t, A t t l f TOf lilA^ CRttCA TOA A I A R t f A t C e l A C^(?mm WltR-?s1t=t 'i)ttC? s|c?tWJ M ; ^4tCWt ? ^ t A f
M A RAfC'TO M t M tJtA^ t T A t A t t C A Wt?lt C R l M t A C'lC'TÎWÎ R ' S R l M i S P r t ^ T ^ t t M ( g . S. Eyice, in lA,
'GTOm'R^TAA ( R M l B t I WCWtW Wt% i A " J i f t R l A ^ M art. Istanbul, pp. 1214/114-5 ; S. Tekiner, The
( b - S i O / i S b - b - RtCR M i S o f t ; RlAij^- ARt A A OlT^t^W, S A I A Great Bazaf o f Istanbul, Turkiye Turing ve
M C A liWlt i s T O TO? t*nTO gAItft A t M l A W=?T OtomobU Kurumu Belleteni. no. 92) i
fR^ AtC4, g. C. White, Three years in (ilt Wt3C5l? ftft? A ? TO^ M R t A ^ t T t T t ^ 4 t ? R t f t
Constantinople, i, 174 s " A R ^ wrR-1?c<ft>5 Rt^R^? ?tlR t f ? M CTOt?R^nSA Rtft, CRft "tRlC? ? t A ^ t t t f - i S I ?
CStCTO % 5 TOrMtAt t t ^ C t t t A ^ M ? t M " ) TO? iSft ft?^ ftM AA TO? b^gftc* ftAC?? CWl4l?ft RC? CRttC?
'C4tCf' CTOtR M (SIACTOS (iwft ClK'lC't^ AtM t?T M Ao CAfe A&ffft CTOTO M I tÎlR A ? ^ T T O t A t C 4 Wt?T
W t T O , W1A CtCAt^ A?C?A C<Tt4tC?A M <f, At i ( t W t T O ) ! CRlftill^! 'a?l4?'-'iiA ^ R a l f e t - H , R"? t'l'ol'! AARlSl^'i
b-Silr/iSSiO RtC^! C?Ct?StIRA ioWA A J A R t f t M H WtC^JA, Q!m t t T O t A l W A l A ^ tttt? Ai#CtC?? 'S?rtTOS-<iI? W ^ f ^ ?SC??
A 1 ^ , o-SfA ^ TO? AtRAtftRt ^piM [ioR/i'3j*t t T O S A (g. Wt?t C?ltARt C?ftpSl?, b-S.8/i8b-S. RtR) I
CACi^tCA? M R W t M ? WAT g. ( i ) Ramberti, apud ' T O R ^ 8 t t R M ftft^ WPCR A I A R t A - A t M t l ftCAttw
Lybyer, 241 ; ( A ) Demschwam, 93, 113 ; ( ) A f t r o ? ?tft?ttC?? I CRtTC? S t ? Rt? R ? f t c ?t
Schweigger, 129-30 ; iit/ii*tRC4?TOig. ( 8 ) w l ^ a M % R t ? t 'Rt? RCA TAttR? RlRtAtft Att^tTO ? T ? ^ t t M TO?
C5C5lfA, i t . , i b i v s - i t r ; (e) Mantran, 465 ; % ib-88 Rtcro CTttC? A C t t AlRtRtR ^ - f t a ! R ^ I TO M ' S f R t f Att^lWT
Wor3 w s , 4 t ? - M t M t c w A {a) White, i, 3-34] i C^^R^TS? TOT WJT?tT4 [ t t ? M ft?C? W t M ? W?I g . ( i )
M^Tt tC? M b-Hr/i81 RtCR? WtCt tg. (i) Wt^M Mayer, }. i i A - i i ; (A)TO >ii?4RtR, tRtR?|R
C5C5ltA, i t . , ' b i l ; ( A ) 'SAt^ M T T , R t T . O . Ergin, ^sFtM' A i H i l R , t^siipT ft'^Mtro ifiRRftatt w ^ R=fo, is.e'ii ^.11
tAtc?Mo ? M , t^sii^ is.8e *>1 WtR W TO% t l ^ H A ? t^l'^lH TOft TO iRsftct? Sc?TTt . t A t TO?, -^tft
AM-tf^ C4tCt C?TO C?tft AJgltAA TOT ifl^ft C?CTO^ Ttt4lR'-'iI? ?tttfwr4 liltt^lC, w t ? ^ftfS C?Cff^tC?? R 4 I 5 A
M t TO? (TO^'R-AtAAtMrtft'R-WtfRt), t ? A # 4tC5T SA! t r 4 M cAtR^ c?5??T?Rt?tf r S A t ftR M TO? SAtC
Rt?TOt-C?Cfi^ RtCA t f ? M A ? (ATOtC? M f ? R?=Auction i1S 4lR?t M , SAf? RtRC?? C^raAtCR? R C f i e t S CTO^tR >il??
hall) I SAtt M ^ RtatCWT? R A t C t ^ C?Cîl?; CRttC? S.ft '^WC?' M (Wsft, A ? ??C?? 4tA?t, CRttC? 4t?'-4T3ttTO
i A 8 # R t R ^ M , SAT? A T M A f?c4 l A f t c r o t ? M , ^tWQ ^ Wt?t A l t ) (SAf? TO^fC?? ft?C? W t f t T O
CRIsMo f?fg ?ta4*tf|ttCt? ?T?RT? M t WAT g , -ilR. WIRC?, ^CTtg Atf?tft, ftg R? ) i t 1 ? f t ^^C
<l>tl3tR5wltR M c ? ? 1C? TOTtAT 'Sîllf t A C ? C??it M
R?^tc?? ?tRM Wt? A t i e , e o o w t r o , w t ? cm^T?
(g. La ville balkanique, in Studia Balcanica, iii,
? t T O T f t Atc , i o b - W T T O I CT R 4 R A T A R t f t ^ t f C R
Sofia 1970 ; ft. f T O , WttlTRt^ ^ CRAf?, ^tft^spsfi?
W i R R t f f t ^ C ? t f At ftc???W ft'I^CA? ?T?Rt ^ ^ M
CfRftft-C S l 4 l M , at, iJft'lUr t-, e o - 1 8 ) Wift^. C?C^tIC*t^
tAt?t ( i t TOft ATAAfA ^ ^ M ( g . 'A. C ? M , t s t | R A f ^ ,
^Tftft R?'3?tWt Atc ? f t ' f t I S t M ttAAtA Rt sfTO Rv5C4A
i o o o - i i o o ft., t^Stlp! i S i 8 o t-, f i f R R? 1 1 ) I
S T O t l C < ? 1 ^ RRT5?TC5T R T T O RC?? A 4 M A f t ? s >3
" t^TIARt? t f t t W t R t f RTCR t f ? M CT TO ( ? t R f ?
?t?^ftfttCt? TOT RTft RTft CTOt? M t ?5?T A ? I !>-Si8/i8!rSi
C?tRl?C?f t t f t A t R l ? T O - ' i l ? RlRttttC?) S A T !rS.8/i8!rS. RtCR
RtCR? '(RT^^ C ? M t ? W^l?tft C?l^ i J s S i f t CTOt? (^44tR)-'il?
C4??T?RT?Tffi' t-^CR?t' RtC? tftfS A ? I RTTOtoTC? ^ A t W
t^sTRtf {?^^C4T?
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Contents
nt it .^1% mtft I t m ^ it t m t m ffc^lt itnt Hi, (^) Le Bruyn, p. 3 9 ; ( ) F. Babinger, Drei

itfSt mrat tn ma b-tt, iit cttnmt tn, itt cmftrnm Stadtanichten . . . ) ] I iflt cittf? mit 'a c?eimei?
^ I t m mmtn m n ttnti tn yh,(too m^cs (ifts, l u m mf wmittic f? ittifwji ifi^t'iifi fiti
m 8 0 0 cmt? vgitc5? nt?) Ifc?tf ff?tt% tmm % m - ^ê itei I ^? fitm itit citfim mrn^ ftitn ^flitn
c?tfc Sfgti m i c?, Sit I t f i ' 'itf mrt ntwci? ^tft m, I f l i H >ai?^ i t i t f , I f l i H cifii i t i t f , ^fliH
ttci i?t| tn ; Sm f n l i ^ t tntm white, ii, 2 8 0 ] l nen i t s , I f l i H fiitn, tiH cmtltn, ilH 'Qiti >a
f ^ mf? i n mft c i i ci??tm?tft ( m n t M >n1t 8^^H citm tiiti icn i m-t fitf tli 'S<^ ^fcîtm
>a?t?#?Tt m itci i f ? f 6 , i n m it l i t f itft) Hti Itei mt n, Sm '5ffiei toiH cmm fn, n t i i t i i t i t
itmH=i b-iWi8iv5 n m m i (5. ?t<t>f*p?)i, mt. o. Sit fll I f l i H 'Qi^f'f m f (itwtm) I I t f f e n Sitmi?
E r g i n , p. 6 ) i tit 'Sntf m - n n s i 'Nitjfjp, I f l i f t Hull (f. M. Lorichs, Tafel VIII) 'a f m itm m
mitm sitcn ^ftici f?H?t tifi, s? m ib-tt itnt Sm flictt till Sm fPeittlf cifii i t i f ( m m
?fi?lri I t m cimcn mc5f 'tt?t cfit cmtn? itirt 8i> n m i t i f ) , m, Sm f5ite iiH 'em n nt Sm
(>a?t^#?jtc Scgi m i 8 8 t t ) , fn .fltn cmtit itfiilci? itoH itnf tli [f. ( i ) S. Eyice, in IA, art. Istanbul,
(fsfini) m i tli I m fif m ^ê so,ooo itice nt 1 2 1 4 / 1 1 5 ; (^) T. Bertele, 11 palazzo degU
cmti itc ife,ff8b-m^cs I ambassatori di Venezia a Const., Bologna 1 9 3 2 ;
fin n "sîm-'fl? vtSc^n ffl? fnmst? itmm (o) R. E. Kocu ( C ? 1 f ) , in Istanbul Ansiklopedisi
ffiiii Iflt cwitcvs, i f l f i m itifftrs m m i t i , it? (tftfi tiêm), 8 1 . , { . 'ôffis-toi I iflt nH? iflim m
f?-?f^ f i i t t i i fll iflfi mt? m m , ?im m c 5 m?tif? I
tt?? ttiiti cmc^ fn I tmm? iiti i m mm l A i t n i ? t | tiicm, i ? i
( i ) tiff? n ispifte f f m im fmtcn nititii 'a mten wu nt ^ mii ifllfnt tn tg. (i) M. Lorichs,
fiitmwQti^^mtfllSitfliititl''fl, Golden Hom-ifl? Tafel VII ; (^) Grelot, p. 2 8 3 ] I ItiH iti itfiit
Sm cittg? m m i itf? îfinfi?5ii, cn ?,I?QHC I t m ^ ?tie5-mff? mit^-mitffe [g. ( i ) nt?^^?^,
cfif?ii 'Smf fiwen m i m?nft, cif5f ci?mt/?ifi tfiim Si. fi: ?5\si iitti, f. ' ^ 8 s > ; f. i f e i ic?5
imf itftf 'a cif5f c^^tticit/âf? itff? i ? j ? f m t ^ , iflt ift m n cit n t ie?fwn i i w o ^ ; (^) n. ti?t,
f i ? ^ 1 if?Tm (f. Janin. Const, byzantin, 2 3 5 - 4 4 ) i tmii, 1. ifel I i f n cwiitu tli mtifiem mff/fim
citTan? itwii' n f i fi>af?n/?fifS i t f f i # I'^pttf? mffe (g. n f ? # ? T f , imt. â nfii, ^. b-o) i m f mei
f l l I 'Siitf fiwen i ? ? f itei m r n m n c f i i ittem Sitei m it m wfei? timf I
f?ti itm, cfif? g ? 7 n m 'emwt i f i i t ?ttim im b-feb-/i8fev!) mm? mm dttmrm c?fw%tn Sfiti item,
citfi?t 'a ^ I t f m fiwt fntfim it iHe i?m m tmFfifitmc ^,oao H citm, 8 H m, sH cititiitm
i
b-av/ysas mtci? i r m ^ i ff^ ifitft f i itteit îH cmmitn,>^H itiitn n t febriH fitm'mf mft
mcltcittia meieit fiwt'a mtcitmiel? itiftei? ifim fn, ciH itc mtifii itwm mm it i , i b r , 8 ^ i mics
I t iHe mfH m (f. Thiriet. iii, pp. 1 9 5 , 2 0 1 ) i (im i 8 , o o o mft; b-fe8/i8b-fe ltd Itwm iHmi f m
b-s.br H. mtt citfim ti?wt (c?fwf?) cHf?iei? -inm' m? i 11^ i t i e s e ; g. ?t?m, Ikt. Fak. Mecm.-ifl
fiwm ilt (m-itfitf"i-itifit tit'i-tiififi#i itfm) iitti,'^vsl, 0 8 8 ) 1
'a item ititen Seii itm m , m it?f âitifimne iin? m Itn iffimema m f m tifi mf ?mm
too) Segi itei I f l i H "ceifii nwtf itite#r"-ifl? citfime fll vsfeH cmm ; c i c m mf| "c?f fmifn"
n t "it?ntif 'fl/m-ititif itien ititegH"-n [ (i) i i H cmm tg. ( i ) 'arnifimt, imt. Ergin, 4 3 ; (i^) ttiim
^ itif, ntt. H . ^s?, f I o ; (^) tftfi tHiitH ttl?? Si. fi., f b-8 ; (o) T. Oz, 2 5 ] ; f m - C l f f ? ite<i?fl
cneH, ntt. mieH ?t?m. I t ffio] I titif ti/cne??H ti (loH cmm, [i<t.ctt n H ttiiti
ci?tit/?tfit ititf nâitwm itien n ift Sit tn, ciltei mm trm M? im it)' nt ir^mwr f f
ititte m ^tm i m Sititm u i ftitn ?m^ itc cnfwH (^toH cmm ; iflt m nt cmmm m m
itei,tif i ? ? f itei itititcn wu itaâ m m ift u ? ^ I f m i fn); r?i itmftc mif ms i?itm i^8H cmm
n (c?fii, fim, ?tir tTtH) t m i i new itifn fcn tli (tit tli m ^ itm >amii) i wtfiitf tium i n
i
iti i m itc wtu m n, ifltiflitite wtitw ffm itSf ('ifliH >aitm') tli moim cnmentf msftie [ ( i )
U ^ vs mtnt fll [ g. (i) M. Lorichs, Tafel VIIIX; mie?, fc?tf mfttti, it \s; (^) ^nm?fiti, mfff
Ifli.
t.H.a/8o t m f fiicm
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Contents
t ! l l 1 It t f l | 1
*ll4=1tR, if, ^b--8^], Sf? tncBt ioft ctftifm nft sociale des villes ottomanes, in Recueil Soc. Jean
mf fn (g. -=5. . ^ 8 ) I Sf? tf%W ^5It?m Bodin, vii, 1955, 289-311 ; ( ) iflcn iflHl iei i m ,
mteifius vsffft cmtn? nft mf, is.ft cmtcn n f cifi? -sji lift im-flHrm ite itfimfng rv. int.
'mtci? cmtff mff it?tm mtfft f^ticn ifig Congress of Turkish Art., Arxen-provence 1970] i
mtr^ fiwf fnt I m i f f i i >>,oo,ooo lifitt? iflitit m iHm m i
itc??5ft 'Q?5f f<f ?ififwj?5 csm fn m w?fd? ?tlf;? fit/Pili 'it?m' nfwi, Sm mftm fici fiiti ' 5 ^ ? , tfe
if^fn Snfm a fntfi? (?i??ti'5l? ?ifSf?t) imf ftn 1 brft ieii nntwt, tm ^ ife^ b-ft ? b-ft cif5 ciegei
fim ^? 'îl^ "^f^ Si-?ntff (f. M. Lorichs, (cimfimt a cfe^) s f#ei f^ nft ^^c? nft T?itn,
Tafel ix) nt ift cmtm nit mf fiifi im? 1 Golden nft fmii?1tm - f l i f t m (i?iif irei m i? fie iff )s
H o m - n m Swtm fici fiff <t?lfli mm sfii i n nit "Bfc? nft fiifri mfwei? mm'5fc? ie?cn
mttmf's mff ificitn c??^, cnmim mrcsfi^ cit ^ ieii nâmwr? icm ^ cife m , nft ciftm f i
nr?t fifi n (f. o. Ergin, pp. 12, 34) 1 Sf?^s (in'-tfi) n t nft ?tm cmm fn [f. (i) A. s.
Sic?, m I f m mcifwn (Hficm) nâitwt? fici fnt Ulgen and b. Kunter, Fatih camii ve Bizans
CWCim ?fff nt mitf ?f1-1tfi^ [f. (i) O. Ergin, 12 ; samici, Istanbul 1939; (^) Ayverdi, f. i., i^ff-lil i
(^) M. Lorichs, Tafel xii xvii; ( ) Le Bruyn, p. ff itr ciegeic fif^'irfiiien wm miftiâ fn I f^f?
39] I i f m nifcn icm fn imi -flift ? m f ( f i m
brto/i8(j-ts> Itift fn I f n S^?m wm ficn sn^ff 1 itmf), itntwitn vs nft citnitm (fj? fifi m t?ifm
cmnt Critoboulos (m- Riggs, 140)-mc Cit ?n? fitf), ifltefi fn nfem Sn fiei i f i m itmf fnt
fili ^? fiTii tm m itf?-Si)t?ic4 m m m - i t f f fiwt c?itn fn cntn, Sfe ^b-oft cmm fnt
fim sicj4c?' m m ciitn ff m^ ?5Hm int?i mr (b-s.b-/i8! I t e n c?fw%te? cni Hfi iftltci; m H, â?
?sf?m itc icn I cit mm f f m fiw fiw mci if?f5 c? vsmifiiTt i i f i ifimen cntn Sftfi m i ^b-^H),
^tci (f. tfis?5m Si. fl., sj. 8 ) nt t f ?cn ci, f i i ? c?i cPciH vsimfe fnt m m t sH -m n i
tfm 7 7 mm -flft ?#m nfwi, m, cimitm ^ Vavassore-n iwfe fi1i ifitfei cim ititei b^^Hci
mm fiitnf?m 1 ffintfn2ftmfiifci?wiTit?t?n?g^ cf3?ti c?ft?iei ; c?fwfe? tfei m it?tci 'n'^') i
ift?^ m filtfS ?5m nt mm 1^ mitn nfem f n itnfwiteic fn (Sfva fn -fliH 'fi'lt") ift-cmamen
wt?itc nft nHfl fifcn i l l ?m"m nfwi fe? iioH cmm (f. ifli. ifie?, fcmf ffmrnH, fw it
mf i m fii ^c mt citfwttim itfttm mte? 1" nHift? i), Sm i f ^ i f i ^ i fici? civamen ie^ fnt (j-H cmm
fiitntw ft mâ IC? b-î/iSto^-^ itei? fmfci 1 nt ifeH I t m 1 cisfici m ^mei c?ifii f m m c
cit mms (ifiai m*[ien fiwf? sfficm) tcfiemt icit vsmm I b-s.b-/i8s. I t m c?fw%te? 8 ^ m fwntm (citt?
fifii ifimf m t l fief|i 1 .at Hiti fiifntew? m fwi fiifm) im fifi itei, ifm neit fn fifii
i n S^-if%ei i n itffm fici n t Sîsi-fc? Golden (ie?lwi fn wtfiitf) i tsfc? c m fwnt? cieimn
Hom-n fiem ifitf? n I fiiet Itw if? ffm m c i t îm itm itit i? n t
(i) ? i f ^ - i i ? nfwi 'tire? n t cit cwif i 8 n Iflt m t 1? fwi fiifi v a imtm mfsf cig^ (f.
( b r i ( ? / i 8 i o ) I nfwift? fiitntw "sm n wffif-^, b-ife/isid- itm c?it, Sfm ii tf?^ cnfifie
c*cîiif i 8 t o nt filtl cn n mm t-ie/ wtfmff is i i i?lfi, o/Q-b, is.ffi-^f, 1. iei-^, Smntn iiis./iio^
( m nâmwt? Sim i^?fifi s mte?fi, iiff cif? m lfl. c?fii-n tm|i f?tH iioo-iôo-c iitfi,
fiitfifi, i 8 ) I Sm itf^ mn*if^^ ??m fli s ( i ) 8 i i.) 1 S vg? fici fn citt? f t vs.itmnfi i iteiitci
mm ?isfi nfwm ^ffim fifim fn [ciegei, f i i t f i , ^fficit itfitt i i m iff^fii fcm fifen ?iHie?m fn,
'tifem (fitfi?itit), Uf, ittcff tTffi] n t (^) ?m I t m fiinr, m imtHii iH i f^ cm fiei n
wmrfifiis nifi, ci^fi? m mm fi ifiti Iflt fwit tm-ifievs, irti-??imw fim Sfi, rfm n t
?i:item:n m? f i ? k it 1 f?itc ^sim-n itfti^ fiw Hw cmr f c ^ itew itwtt (Schwelgger, 1. i^s.,
ifil?' n ite m 'Smf i f n t fi ff%?i i m wm ifimen c?, ffm mit? itew ffim m wtfei.
fimei iiit?ii n i ^ [f. ( i ) tme? fiiefi, itttm fimfn) i is.i iei ?n fntf? mwtm fmtH
tmil is.s. % ; (^) vs. I f l i . i m n , Quelques ^gnt i f ^ ifntci itnff ?sm ^ i? n itc iflt mwt?H?
observations sur 1'organisation economique et ific l t d (g. White, iii, 255.1.) i ltprs?mt3
tntf fiiem
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Contents
ts1RI5 tt t^tl1 ^PTSpt tt t^tlpt

Tff^t, wiTOim?!? % 4 , t^TiR A ? t ^ t ^ wtftRittw? TOj w t ? 5 ^ t c ^ l i i R t ^ t ? w ? ? R f t t t ? t Sc^ I iiite?t t ? f g
ît ^jSf? M t t TOt, S A I ? RtR H R ( R t t ' S R l R t ? I S^t RT^tca? ^ A? (lilt A R f ^ tMtA T 2 R t ^ i f C ? s ART A ?
M l i l ^ (R?r'i1%?s ( t f t ^ ( R t îSft M liltft Wt^ffiR, c t t c r o M R ) I wtcA'^sM ? T t ? t R R M S M ^ Q ?^tTc?^t?
CRttTR R S A A t S i M Wi8/i8bo RtCR) SttAt w t ^ ^ W?TRt1%'SAt45p?5MCff'3?TA? lM?tMt5tc (Wl?CfW-
f?tt A t T O tTR ^sftRtt tsftc T^H^^ > x i t t % t ( i l W - t l W CTO ?t?4t?-'il? t ^ ? t l R i5lt%TFiTt? l A i ? ? C W C f ? W A R ^ feft,
t # WtlARtf îSft M I TOCtCt iVA-b t- C>l'tl<lfAf< t'St^t i < 1 o [ . ) S t f t | & R t M l ? W ? ! ?5 R ? t T ? s ' S R t T O ' R t f %
ilt C 4 I A t ^ t?RS A t s t TO ( g . W i t . S^ÂTOM. Att;^^ M ^ W t ? T T O 8
vSRt^RtfA, i t , 'J. A 8 i - ) I Rttft'TR? TO R t A l c g ? R?.tTt 'STOpp 'STO?^
tM tA^tR^CA^ w t t A M tftf^ M t M tAf S)<^ô/i<^8'5> ioo<^/il<î5)'b
M R M R T a R ? C ^ t ' S t e t ^ A t t C A ( l i l t ^ t l t t f l A SsR A t C ^ C A RtR RtR
Barkan, in Ikt. Fak. Mecm., xxiii, 306-41) I i I WT?T C R t M t i i iS)i 8(?
V S ) 8 / i i 8 V i 5 ) 'S VS)(2-/i8S)0 R t C R W t A M a f l A i<^ R A ^ W t T O AI R t A ^ tttt S) S)-!} ii<^
{So,ooo ^?5lt, l i l t t M t W l A t C R i M f A 'QAt4"'5F W l A ^tc I 'wtft tttt <^ 88 l-Js
W1R4 C A fM ) I - i l t W I A WtM t^tlR tt^lTTO iAt? 8 \ t ? A l f t S ( tttt i o io<Jj iA5
C t t R R t t t t ^ C , lilt ^ * t A C ? A t W A ^ ê^, CStCra t W t S A ' S (2- I t^TTO tlAlfR A iS)V lOiSs
CA^t SffCAA t t W ? T 'S WIA'G W A J I A J TO ^tc I t A A l T ? ATA M b I iil<[*R-C?t i A i'Js(? oo-jj
tA^t S .11 t'tTR"5AlTO 8 i 1 A "JsVi
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CRTO t^TtlA ilr,<ÂA i A I Ctt?tf 1 i
C5lf5 i 8 , A i , A i 5 s > WTTO i v a 1 'wtft tttt AA iolr A(2->>
R R t % C t t ? ^ A T t % 5 t C t ? R?.tTT M TO l A R l t ? t i o A TO,
'CsicgCRSt^ M i - b l r TO, - s i R t M t T T O S 8(t TO, A t R t t ^ t C R CAfe Ai5s> i,(2-S>8 iO,ibro
o TO I lAt W t t W A t t W f f t WfiitC?r? TOT S t f ^ l t l A 'S C 4 A l f (lift c?ft^^T?rstRc w ^ t M RTAtca TO Scat ?>?t A ? Rft
M A i TO lilA? f?Rtt ?tt?t?I M i i TO I l i f t bf^S TO ?T *)?T A? R f t 8 R ^ T R t ^ RltTT M R^? A ( ? o 'Q lOoo,. M
AT1% ^ Rftg M l R t ' -'S ^TAtC^TA t1%TO-tt?TO 'S t ^
g.) 1
?RMR?C4 t A l M R t A t A T S t T O TOT A f t I l i f t R 4 R R t A i t T
lilt RtfACA'sM RC?T S t t R ^rft A t ? l M R? i . A , -Js,
AtTO TO?M TO A , o A , A c > i W t 4 C 5 I ^ttMttTO a f f ^ t t ?
1, S) 'Q i A R? RTAtCg'fR I i o R / i < J j t t C ? 5 R t ? CA^SAtCTO
10,1000 ^ t A A t TOt A f t o l a t ? TOtC^ i , i i 1TOM - ^ s f
M c ? ^ t M RtAtCa'M RC?T SfT? iOo% ^tM AtAtM A ?
^ C t & M t t t c t t M I lilt TOCS^t^ W t C A ? SJTA
tAt^rtCii? wrsiCR, a f t ? (to% A ? AtltftCiT? WtRCR stt? i ( 2 - %
' S i t M t ^ J t f C R ? R t f A A ^ A t C , t A t '^'i M t f A 'S M t ?
A t A t M i(J-iA ^3 i<^8'Js -^.-m RC?T I t A t Atm WAtT 'il?it
S c ^ f ? C ? M tftt?t M R t , t A C S ? l i l t 'ilRt?t?. W t t ? M
t ^ RT C ? , i o R / i - J s t tC?s? TORltTT ^ JjR tftAtM,
^ Q R l R t M R ^ M t ^ C45|A?tt'sM I
CAR?T Wt?'Q WtCt ^ t M RtATC^QM R ? TOtRft'^'f A t S t f t t ,
8 1 S)R/i<i^ t C 4 ? t f t C ? i l l A l C g l l i l A t k r 8 WjiO/i8(2-J ^ . i < ^ t 'Q i-Jst t C 4 ? R ^ ^5tc RACWt <pttTO8 Vavassore -
R t C R 53RtR A ? W t t - i i l ? W t f t ^ W t C t t W^[RTC? tttttt lit? R ^ A ? t^lÂtCt? WtRCt? lilî^ R ^ W ? R ^ ?ft (5.
R A C ? ? f ? f % g l i l R T T O t ? C W C ? ? TO? '3 ?5ACtfW^ ^ 4C??, Babinger, Drei Sladlansichten . . ., 5) i CRttc?
SAtCt? ttt W ? T w f ? ? t t R t C t ? ? R ? t R ^ R ^ R t C ? C2|?tt cttt TO C?, R?tM R ? ?Rf'j4 lilRt^t Atc^CARt^ C?t^!t?Rtft?
^ TO I W t t ? W C ? ? t C ? R ^ ? S R C ? ? RC*tTt i 1 ^ ?tlAC?? ' ^ A M ^tC SiJ^tttf tR M t C?TO t A f ^ C 4 ? W?.Ct (lit??
^ A ? lilA? ' S i : R t f t A A f t R T O t A i t R t , T O I R R t t A ? f t Golden Hom-iil? tf^t S t ^ ? M ) ; W t ? Wl?Cf^ TOfe
R t ? t i i l ? # ?51A1' t M A ? ; ft1^ RttAC?? w f t C ? TOt^f^ ^ I t ^ (5. t ^ l I R RtAtca? R?.tTT AtcCA SsAf^, W t ? t M
A f r i c a t M A ? , RTAtCa? Sttt?f? A t C R t t ? 4 t ? A R t m ? ? t T O i tê4? iilRt?stCWT?tC? fAQt f%| S)lrt5 I M i o R / i - J s t 'Q
-^S^ W ? R ? i % ' l f f i i l R t ? t ? l i l ^ t t W t e ? ' t f i t ? t iil?5i^ SPTM i i t / i l t tC4? ?m (Ct? RTCA-A Cft-Wt? RW: ; ftft
2ffiT^ ?5CR c ? t ? R M 'Q S T O wt^[?M s t l ^ M t ? ^ 4 f ? M C s M - i i i ? Oberhtunmer, Tafel xxii) c?TO ^ ^ ? t C A c?.
t ? R T f t?'3C4T?
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Contents
8o
m i t f t e ? Fo^ m mitt sFRiHf< t l i , u t i s R f i t i itif ittteiti (im? fe I t ) s t m i 3 f ^ t l i

t l i ^ ifotei? ciitci? t%m? n - i t t i w t i i T c?fi f c i , im- -pti ifit n t w m (the Paleologue) "Bffnf
it?t?tiiiit cinfi, citiitm mnitm c?tmiitH i wttuii ititcs, Hitnti bvr/ya i i t i i iflt fiiti men lem
H f f f l ; CT i t i t f i i t f i W w n t l f l T r t i r i - m ' ^ Hi itfitmm ntm (itn.Hfie citfi mfii b-ito/i8 i i ) ,
^^c^vQ, c m 8 . v I f l i H ciegei ^ u q i H fitfi?ifm, m? -fiiten wu ntit}
^ itcimwug vQiif 18itMi I t U f 8 f f H cmti, -iH cmmitn, i H miitei^ ntitimte? i a i H

b-an vQ S i ^ V i f f ^ i - n icfT i>,j>to cimitm, mifiTi'ifl-c - a i H mâ iflftmiitn nt
feel's feffva/iffSto-i-mcm i.^totr cffnti f5cfeHcititi I Iflt ifHe? inti mmtm, itciH,
vs s , i r , b / i e i b - S i - m c ? T i,i>fe ci?m i t i t , mmciH mfi -flitm? nf tn i i n fiei
Sitrto va i o o f f / i f f S i t o - 1 - m c m so'^ uQifei wmH Ifim t i l ; Hf f i m mmfm itid
ioo(j/i(f-Sito-i l i d vaitll 1ff%1 ItUt fll V0,ibroft wntlJt ^ iftc itei nt n it?v8 iflit?H f n ititcw
(til iu^ <mt n m lem IW ^ fiitfli) I tism m ffl?.iemwii? I
etn m m c ? i.,j.to f t t t f i ^ f f , f n t f i t - ?ic? iflf'i-cif ittteiH (im?toIt) s m f i i t i f i i fcivs
(Sii^1-J>oo(J I t m 1C?J) 1? ^,b-(Mrft (g. m c f - ? 1 ? m , % Iflt ftiH wiff f|i., tit uQitiitm v a S ^ i t i metrfi?
i . #fit-i>) I t i f m f l t d ? Iflt m - ^ s i i f i -vfl? i t ? ? i t i t it?titei i?ff tn, ifitf? tli Golden h o m - n fiei i
c i t l f a i n f i f i I t i f f c ^ f f i m wu tn I t , ??t i f c i ^ c fiH ^1 ^gmm iflitei it?i it^'i-mif? wu mitm
f f f i n t w m i f i t ? i I t m wu ? t 2ffiti? wu f'm' b-feto/ifitt i s f e i ) ifliH nfwi vg .ift mfie? Hfi ifim
if??t? Sc^hci f n 1 m I tiffli n H I t m f i i iflitm, fte? m^^'îtfi ' i t f i i i i
iTifi H i t i l [ t t ? f i (imc ^) g K l i f ^ i Hit t f ? iif%i fiifi i m (citm fm, t m i m i i i mrf tin
fiiflftf (iic?f^)-ifl? wu fRifwn n t t f t i fiitn cn, cmm 'smf luii), e? nrur mntHiiva tii til
i m , c ? c ^ vQ mimitd'-ifl? itciti i f i nt itifs mff nfwi Hiti i m i ^? mtfm i f i d 'ifieif cgf? ? i
itcB? I C I itciim ftei I mr itcci nfwi fiittitic m r i c n i m i f f vsm^f iff& i m (iiem ?ttmen
t i f i tf?i d i t irtoViSto^), ciegei (ciitei cmfltm mtfm lut 'mtif fiii f m mf fim itit) i
? i ? f t ? f t ? t e i ) , n f t fi!fi?itu (m? 111-n i t e ^ i?ff), îm?lfcl? ^ I W ^ ^ l C I if 1It'if?> flitei? I f 1l?1
n f t fim? ( ? i t e i m ut) nt tit? f ? e ? (itn n, cit ne? i t ? nH itftem fffi n (Sim mfim?
fifie Hiti tf?i b-Hb/is i v s ) I i f l t a f i ? itistnr? m? S<ti vs, 8, ff, i o , i i va i\5 It) I wmf? iflitm itti; vg
ifimti n citmsjm ien Sic? u^ vgmite i?ff s I t n t m itc f i f f i ? itffm fiei i i t t i mt i i d iflt
n f t mf, ciltei cititm i t U f w f t (Sic? g.); n f t iflirmrnimif?itid i e ? i H fiwt va 'i(%ti i ^ i e n
l f l (ie? ^ mi f ? ^ i f f , iift iflna ? t t ? t c i ) ; n f t mmi
mifti (Monastery)-C1 llHci iHi lf?e l? (im
(iflitiei f u m iflit nfiei iftitm citiei? i T ? f t ,
5.) I
fiilHrfie fiifi tf?l d i t ?ft?lci bHy/iSbb) ;
f i m mmfi itftnfi (im?ffit) 2 nfwiH -fliH
rgiit?rfe I i f i i s f t mif ?t ?#?t? citmi; tif^
Itmm lfii:1 Forum Taurl-n Sie? fifi, t i i f i i i i
cwme i ? t f >j v5fe ft cmti, toi ft ?iff, 8 i f t 'imt' ^ l t
feoto/iffoi vg feii/ieoff Itei? ICIT I n t -flmm? He?
Itfim I t f t f i i f n I t f t c ? fll s iim?fe -flift c?eimi,
n H ciegn", n H f i , n H fiifi?itm nt cit lesf n H
cntei ciffm.m tinr i t [?ifei cit ?ifte ?t5n
mm n H itus tn (vavassore-n iwfe n fiiten
(Hittite Museum) l?H 1, Sm i t e < nft m; f?1te'
fn iflitmH f i l l t l i tm cnti itmei) 1 -flt tiifiif^
nft m (fim mf) n t tii i U i c m t i ; imcit? ^s n H mftm c^gîî tii, Sm tli ^vsH itijef 1
-QenHiitiei lenft mmi n t icifie i ? f f isft i t i ^ m^Hi irmfi cmti ite ifim mntm mim
(iflt vamii'sti n t bHb/ysHo mm i t ? i f ^ nftmg Sifiiff f i m f i w f?f fll (fiitif cncn irit
v a m i f i m l e m ifliff im mt (g. ir?efi-m?m, % nctiîîtlmifisitmtHHi, tH^Sif iflt iflif?ste
8^-(t) I cmt mit?f I t w m ifimi fli to,oto,eiivo ities tmit? eiwt?ii fli) nt ffi-cmf ?Hm f ^ m f itc
( i v 5 , o o o fitc^ c?f) ICTiflirme n m tifi itmfii
imtw Itn i w iflirmiff ifitf? fii 1 fiii ^?
tif f i f e i imf i w liteim Q i f f<mf^ttwn twm tn i fnmm itid mmfi cmtm vmi< f?t?m fli mf?
m i f i t i t iflltei "^tf^ iiHii^ Hfl ifimfim I ie? cit mit? nfwi mtei n e t t ^ i f i (vamftie?j? tHi
^Hei fifim mmcs? f H 1 ? I v8/i8efe), fmei i t f cii netf^n?^ (vtoto/i8toi iti) vs
tnrf fiiem
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?mi?t? iftt M f t i ^ (wv/ysvo) I i!? ?iiiw c? ?T?J! ioi/i!si iei? i n fici Iflt m ite mntn m it
llwRcvo fi?tnSf? 1 1 % C 1 % rniM iflfl C?t (l7tolr/ii8to), iv5,ooo mies]; c?fi-?tlf5e nft citnitm, iibrft cmm,
cn?K-?!f ?!'f? Hm? c?5mi 1 ?mif H? mm m n \8<!i^ '?mt', tmim itfifwn iflitme ntt mrt t f
??
f n mfd 2tHl% n, if?m?ft 'mmift (cnt) cj^f? mitm, nft ?#? cmn ; mmemfrm iteific 8 8 t t
nrntt mt, c? til t%i mfd f?f^ ?nittiti mt iti, itt citnitm, ift mitm, m m fif^ cmm
Itti n I ifliti vgTftm? (Sic? f.) iflt mttc?c i?ti tn, rnieitfc i f l i l t c?eim '2H mn i mifii mm ifnltit
wtfsT tnti ?nitmvs (mf?if cmmti) iflitnt tn i mfi tftfm mtl? ite, cmt ifimi tii 8,'ii,fefeb- mies
?T??ti5t? mmi? ? ^ citliiiic (?ISJC?? tii ie?t cit?ittf? (b-,ooo fite^ c?f), Iflt ftm s > i e / i e o f e men i mftm
iflitt C I S ftn ?5?f n (iflt ?mH c? Palaeologue-cn miei^fi? (ifftt) icm mimtit fiii î mtffm mtei
fci -iflitt Itfmt mfcw? citma??ici'?T?^ it ci tnc? ?tit-iflf?ci Itfi mnm i t i t cic?ti mite iffl n i
mfnt? mi g. Janin, Const. Byzantine, 223-4 nt tmflm i t i t iifte^l^ (mm 8 i t ) s mmf t?mfi
isfffe/toi mci? ic?T i!,? f f m iflitn nft wifw tnti i!i! (b-j9o/i8b-ff mei mf 'mici?, feo8/i8febr m ite
mmt ftn icn (g. Critoboulos, 140, l'^?) i n mnm mr Sfe? mmti) Sn mfe i f l i f t ntm
b-too/iisee I t c i ? miff? c?fw^tc? ciit m c?, 'mnii (Lorichs, Tafel I X - i f l m mt ?lttei cmi lt?tei),
( f . ) c?f mf ^ f l mf? imif iflitiit m if?, cit nft ciegei ntt f i tiiti ?sm i cisfi m tiitm mi
cwitn mfie ?m it 'mtncn itfc?if>i i wtitw tnti ntt cimitm, i f l ^ ntt ntitm (cmei i 8 t t citm),
mmt -a Sm tiiti i t i tifi -îttn cnt ciimatm e f t cmm, ^b-ft mff vs 8 o f t ?mt fiifi i m (cit mci
pffil C?ti ifnt, Vavassore c^f" m - i f l ? imc t f leifi vs mmemtime vsft mi vg vol^ mitm, cie?e? nft
if?mtcicimit?tcii ic?isif ib-iicicittnft? cieim tT!fi) I itfift fupjiime? mgi mm itciâ
I t i c i &? itfm m, ^gn cntn m*ifii fifi cmtf (mtifn m fn i,\se,b-b-o mie^), mftm isfw fn
i t f i ? i t c?tmf iffm Sci i i ^ t mffic fistf fiici? mim fgf mf? va citmstm Itiitei mtf m^ mtif%i cm i
liiift i H "s?^f4n fll ttiiti ( f . mm-im, i i i ) , m ie?ift iiKtci ftn ifimfim fin Hwf fitmm
Sf fll ciim-mf m'fi itftcgc i t f t tii citm cmn mici i f mmHii I
vs i m fgt M? if?m i m ttmti (nmlf mci t f m ^ i t i t iift.c?fi (im? io It) ? 'cmm'm^ itm
tintni/fiim itf mci ifffs n) i t m fiicst t-ft (brbrVi8br;!. itc <oVii8<iIti i w itHtewm Sfe?m'wti)
cmm mte? nft cif& m f tii i Forum Arcadii-n fiieS lijiH nfwi, n H fitfi?1tm,
'mf itit itf^cifi (im? oiv) s Iffii "mf itit (g.) n H ciegei, n H fi vs intmien wm n H cmtm tiiti
ticn ^tii^ f?cn Sfe? m'?ti, tfi hy'\/y(ty), itci tii rnrni (tiitfitie Sm tiitiiti cim mei brfeo/i8b-e mi)
n I fti f m ?tf? ite^nfl Forum Constantini-n nt nHtm Ffmt< fifim n H m f f i i f i i m , Sm
ntci iflift nfiii (fifnti soVissto), nft ciegei, cmmm itmt tn iob-H nt ?mt itif tn i i H i tfi
liiift fl, nft fmfi?itm ^ nft itnn ftn ie?i, cit 11? (Marmara) f l m Sifi?f CI iflltltH i e ? tf?t
I C I liuft m nt cmmift i -at mfim (Stifi it) mei it?t5 n tf^ miitif^ i m (fcnm Port of
icm fn eft itftei [g. ( i ) S. Eyice, in Tarih Dergisi, Eleutherios-n itmm? mm) nt c i l t e i n H mm,
xiv/19, 1964, 99-114; (i^) R. E. Kocu, in Istanbul n H cimitm, n H cmmitn, i i H cmm mt fifi
Ansiklopedisi, iii, 1281 ] I i m (g. m?ef-m?m, f. oaa) i tftfci va mtm ffn
Iflt n t 'mf i t i t iflfmm mff? fiieS nft nfwi f i f i i?H cimitm, mrnife? f i f i n H c?eim, Sif?
filtl ? 5 m (ie? Sm m n t?ifw?ti fcm mmt) nt vs f?iie f i t i cmm, i f l t s t i ? m nt i ^ H mm itwm
citm niltiien msm fiwiei ntt nHrci lit^ti tiitm mnti^ m n iHmi fn .v5,<ib-,b-b-to mie^ (im
i m (fifiest itti/ittie? itti; g. s. Eyice, f. i.) I lit <\,<ioo fift) I Hi til mitci iflltn m i ite I t f i e i v s ,
mftm, (Sfifi ivs I t im? br I t ) icm tii iflift n n vs fien itim iflt i f # t i f t ? ?i?eit iflitmft? ifH let, c^.?
mim wi?itf4 Iflitm itm iti ^^^^.tt mmei i iflt imttfm mici bH foi itfcf ftPi mi I
-nm'sfi? (ntwni wmrfi ftim) m? tiitei? mr citwtfimm iMtittfmH ( i ^ i i i t ) ? 'itt
cne??fi mei mff tm fitfi?ifm iti?jt tfi ntt fm m CI, i}.? mitfm itim ciifiei fifiH mff?
m va iflift 'cmii' filtl ifnt cn [g. Eyice, iflitf f i , fici fifii wntUf ^ ittc itei nt iflltei b-j9e/i8b-fe
tf?l. C1?fifi-C i i t f i , I t ^ 8 , (ife<lo f ) , f . J>v5-iv5o ; Itci ( f i m f i H i e Iflt t H i t|fi ?tt?tei) ifimt Sfe?
t m f t i i e m
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Contents
I t ' m -sprsw IMt HFin ci^ s^ Hsflltci nft - s R f l R T i m i l

?iit3Hs irai i,itffic?u i^pnft Iflt m?RERfR? ititii i8
fll n f t fitfi?ifif, n f t cuthici, n f t imn, n f t f i itfi-ff? l i i f i i

vs t m ifcfn I t i f t i tmtfi ('fl^ mitu ftn mff "mmii" V
nms? fim wtfim mr g. rnirsf-imti, i. ^^-h) i fiHii to
iflt^fi? ITti fiifi it fiitst iiff n f t i mtfi i f mnt vsfe
citnitit (Itfn im ^^,000 mm:?) vift cmtm im, cmt cîji.
tfffcist fif^ ffci mff i i t u cmtiift vs ^ I t m îicif cjificn m:?T itmt S^ i i f flm firm
iti vg ^tn9\-A îft itm Ifmf ^tc ( i f l t fim fiitfi If ivamn vs ?i?5Hfiriiicim ?ifcj flm, fitmt mfi
cij?f mr g. mt:#f-min, v o v b e - ^ i ) 1 mifii mm .iff& if?c ifii? Scuff flm I Sm m?i iti fli
Ifimi fll (? mic5i c i f I ^1 mmfm mici mici^ iiitfei vg mwNi ntm mn, fif mji ?nf8 mitt
iiftiifd2ifflmr I fll c?, ?? cmitit? itc c? i m tm?t m? iH?tf|m
wfici civsmi cim mfift mfim ms'f ci ititt:s(v8fi, vsitfi-n m i K i tit if??tc??t fiiMci mm (g. titfn.
im fimm itm, itfi (it^) mtt, 'mf mttcmntf, Capital formation ....133-40) 1
C1fi f 1 1 t 5 5 1 1 t C 1 I f t f l l , Hf cisHi vgmi f l l ItUfl <t I i o i / i t o i i c i ? S^?HifA ? i o i / i t o i ici itfm
n I Sit itc mfi m'sm m c i , cisHc wntut n n Hc??i?mf wntUf;^'^ m 1 ici fstmititcg'sHc
i i f v 3 mm f l l ; m? m n nHtm m t fifm cmmm wntiTt fitcim n 1?, H i H i itcsîtm nfwm fci
itc m iHc it I f i t i fimtm mici tffi^ wtci' nfwi fifi n, fo? nfwms fifi ism 1? nt fc?
ifim?f foi mtci i f l t iiiititct im if-^mHft ctni% c? m -ntm iHi^ fli cntei fs? H C K ^ tH im n,
vg fîft 'mf Ititc I hH'o/y<tb<t itci fiimr^^^piii ii foi foi mms fH n 1 ^flteH mr, fim if?m wfim
iflfici-mfc fiitiiiifi fffi i t c i (iffei, cicgci, Sm tf i n cgvamei? fici, ?t?mi itit cmH (the
f l , cmmm n t cisfi? mi fiitci? wm n f t m vg ^nft Lycus) ??tn, m H civfl?tm mftm fici 1 m? ititm?
mf) n lilt iflitifc wmf ^ ittc i t n (fic^ iffici wnff< mm <fleimr? Golden Horn i w
g.) I mf.fev!5i/i(?(2-8m i cmmfr mm mi:m i t i t IfitH itm mf mm mfim cmiitci i w cfm 1 m
H H I ntfeo-v/iffffiitci fififi mf% i f f i i tnffi f i f i f , fwitf? Itfii itit-iflt f n cwitsfi? fH 1? 1
ifir nfwi fifi itc fm m ci, m-nomwi? fiict iflt wntut "^f%? 1C1 c? foi foi m fifcn icitwi cm
wmf icit ^ m I cn mm'?[itHm iHm wm fimm ifltm I t m fim?iif
i t ? ho% mircii i n m im ititfii ftf? nfwm iim liitQ m n mffm m 1S^ iie? tctic?jt
iffmieii mw I ftf? ifimfiim m?TCit fi fi cwtft iitfimi m3i c!!tt fif filtl (g.) cmim
vsmfi m miaf mm nfwm cnn, ciftnti i i i f - i i s f ifntflm (ino^H^ct itci iic? i v s wi f i H fifs; iflt
vg f i c i c i ? mit? n m mff ifici, fif fffi citmt flm, fitm ncit flm fiiii; i o i v 5 / i t o o 8 i m flm
if^ffim C I n f t fi nfsfi ffn ifmrtcn cni ftr^ c^vs Wl fifii vg ito Wl I int ii?ft? i k n fim g.
p t n I C I n i iTf%5 Hwm m m nrfii nfwi Hfi Ifli. fm, tf?i mmifmifH cnfiH, mmm i ^ t o o
ifimfim firm itcm fiff mf? mit, i t f 'mici? i / i 1., i f f i - c ^ o c ^ ) 11C1 n i 'Smf mim icm nfcim
cmm fic? ntic?iwi miff (ifliti mci ivg^^pn:^^ f=t? ftijff vs finm n m fft 1 ^ît^ Sfe? mm Iflt
Sif?f f ^ t?mfi, mvsmwt Sc?i, mvsitwt i t f i ) 1 ?isn itit (g.)-? nfwiH fifi n ^ mi cirmi
hcto/Hs^ mm vsm?ri c?fw%t? itc cut m ci, nfwi mite f # mfi-ifl? nfwi mtei fli cntn Eg. ifl. iîi.
iffticn icm bo7o flm i t n 'micif (cim iitn) Sien, i c ^ itit cic?H, fim?iii cnfifie iitfi, s.i.
csff? cm (mwititm i i i f , cimmftf? i n f , Sitm's (iji.8^ f), 'J. ^v5-b-] 1 f f cum itit (Sfn m'wm,
mnt) I f i f ^ cim mitm ifi nfwi fifi ifntcn fe^vs/io-i v j i i ^ f e / i e ^ v s ) n fiifi vgitfi iffi^ i m , Sm
cit iH^tm fic^ cim cn s icm fli cncn cwitc n H nHfi's n H ciegei, cnwtn
'Sitm' vs ii?iii 8>!J n H nfwi, citm fmfe n H nHfi vs n H miti nt
ivsmn vs mt? imtHii v^c^ fifif?e neat nHnfwi, n H cmei (itnrm) vs n H
m m cife uimHii c ^ b - fitfiiitm I iflt'sfi? m fifm wm mnHi to,ooo fift
?tsTmitm mitii iv mm ^ n fli ii?1t m (c?eimm f i i e 5 ) , mtm? f i i e 5
t m f fiicit?
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080
m nit -m nt mimm'-fl mfi timSIc ^ mtm -flt ncfrîên mm c? c?fw%t?i^ cifi ^c wtm
onm, m Golden Horn-n S ^ f f ? C? ? f i R Hi m CI, -flt fiiti nciTî^ fiifi mHm ne? H H ntH
cin7?t m f ltd fft tTiT n -flint itwt ^ (g. '{f it? 1 tli [f. ( i ) O. L. Barkan, L'organisation
fl^fnr, it., 8 i i ) I du travail dans la chantier d'une grande mowque
hsb/Hoh ltd f i m fimti f f ? citl t m i - n a Istanbul ou xvie siecle, in Annales, Economies,
Itci m m t c M 'mcis-tinftc iHittcti nwfc? - f l i t Societes, civilisations, xvii (1962), 1093-1106;
Hftw Wm -flft h H f i , -flft cicgd, -flft fittrni, ^ftnti nfifi fiiten m f i c?fwfm wuf.; (^) H. n,
-flft fitHittit va -flft f l Hft men I -flt m u m mfmptt? ie?fiH-c , ifevob- f, if, ^. ^b; ( v s ) f. mfi-t
iHmi 'sn^f'f itm SHcHi (-flt ItmH tffit wtH'-t cifi-t ^ - t 'Smf, tme ê t o e m tw, it
SliiilHt Columa of Arcadlus-fll t>^H4 HHit, tf? 8{ 11 fifimf vg ^ n iti^ mm it?iHi tmii ite
f?ic? vs -flt mc? Sft mjf^ f?ic? WtHm? wm g. C. de nt mftewj? mtu fR ite, mHn ^ stfiimei mst
VlUanon, 306 vs f , Sanderson, 77) 1 tftfm Hf^ f stm lem mit i ci m f tH vg mHn ilt, vamn
ftei mf 'fl?sH mi, -fliH f m m ctmmm, -fl?sH vs tfm nemf fiiten fm a i m iti mit -flmmt
'Qin I -flft ?5itmm 'fl?t H H ^ 1 1 1 va cmm itc mew fif^ f|i -flit fiifi c?i i l l if?, mfm lem
?tic? f^ Itt msc& ( i r , 8 o o fft) m it I f i m im fn t^ffcii, i8% nmfi vg f t msm ^ i v 5 %
f? cifm (ffm)--g? '^Hc fm-cmf? ttc<, csm ^
mmwttci? it?tttei -fli ?m<fitt micirw (f. -fl^lim, it., mmemfim (mf 88%--fl? fiie? Hf dit i t ) i cmt va,(j-;j,v5
iv!}^)--fl? ntcmi tHit ctm (a.ay/Hss-haa/Hsv, ifwi, W l fiH vs mHim lem (fi% fll fsti, m 8s.% f|i
cmgci, fitti?ttm, f l , f?c?, -fl?t -nH ci?mi itm? tTtti? filtl I civsmi fiifimHil, citm mfimi nt nsittf
mmci) 1 m tf? faj Hiff?--fl? wm 1H f i f m % vs itH m m ?i?ffe mmt ?iw m? ntm fli im
ii?5H nfifi vQ -i?5H f l Hft ic?i, ff itct tc? Hfff?- fsti, m ttn citmt, mek mw, fen?, mm mw vg
Hm im?t n (f. -flvatim, it., 8 8 ^ ) 1 f m mw mmt f?tfmfn iifi fitii i cmtjgnf^s?
i?ctc? mc?? cicg? -fl?>H iflit?tc i t n ItHm 1? (t(t% fll mfi, mitm c?n mw m?, 8 o % f|i 'mewf
tHit m I f i m fir?m cit firttci, cttffc?? fmff vsim, m ?(% f^ f^ wtfcw? itfttm ;fmi i
-nH ttfc? Stc? ?tw?tft? ntctn mtn vs fi? ?mm f i m fitntm m v g m ^ i t (tcrnieir Sfifi
Hitei? wm ftH Hmici ittif m i m i 1 -flt fftntfim ?nfi, ft I I cifm ciegei vg f i mf itfcft? mfie?
(nfwci? fiitntw n ^fmm-^, feei/îit nao iei, mf) nfDm-fl vgmmfime -fliff mm fn (imt. ci. t.
m fiitt C i i n f i - f t ^ { s t o 8 / v i i 4 c t i ? ? yaa'i 1 t m f i ^ v g ^ ^ ^srfmt ifevb:^ ^.) 1 ^ g c p o t i vsTf f?tm imtid f
fiitfifi? f?ie? wtfim wm f. H . f i m , i n f mmif-c -flft mif? fifi rm mmf (g. m?ef-m?m, f. i.,
iufi, mrm >>>>'\o f, i,ii.o) i?cmt v s r s ivH if^ i ' l . I t v o i ) tmfi mfn m fn ff^,i'i,iffS) m?^ (\r\r,ooo
fim lH (f. S. Syice, tfti<|i, % sh-a^, i f i i t ) 1 ^fc?? f?i&) 1 -flifn SdicmiT CI, -flt mm b - i % mfi ?\cifi?
fe? ?ft?tci nfwi, f i m fiimi vs 't?e?i fim--fl? c^-ooH itm mm itc i n i ?imfife fifa^ mntf?
rnm-cf ? vg T5^mit?--fl? ?i I mftc? nHfci? S? ite< i t i i f fll i 8 ( r , m mum mfii mm tfimt f|i it? io
?ftmeimf?H ciegd -fl??,itftcwi?ie?t^Hmifttim'i- n ^ m ^ I
i t f i ' I m ? ? ?i i t c v o c ^ -nH fittti, -flft m ^ - -flt imfe wfim -flirm nvsmwm mei vg Lycus
fim'it vg -fl?5H mitei 1 cif5 cif5 ii ^tcci fitfinei? Strm mei c? m vs?t?5?5 tf#ti mm i? cisH itet
(Itfm ciegeie f i t m wm i f H ill?) wm ifl?# m i it^sm m CI, -flt mt -flitme wntiit ^ tttmfii i
i5eiw, -fl?5H ffiltm (tttc^f), n H fSHtm cig vg c^f^ci? -flfmm m f f iisd, f i n m n t f i ifto itfta (Ste?
<t^ f l I nfwci? fi?5c5 fiiîet? vg n f i m fim23% g.) cif^ ttm nfwi n i ^ fn i Sm i?fti f|i -flt,
iistHtei? ie??5H mifti, -fl?sH m vs cicgm inci mnH nvamwt vg mfi--fl? irmei (fiitHfi? mfii s>s>8 ? ieirb;
cmn itm -flmH m f tfi it?tci 1 citn fimtm g. H. cmif, cifii ifit ffle?H, tfffi fiiH, Hm mien
fmntfimt nitm mff tt?ic^ 1 mvsHm cscifi? ?<it nt, is.to8 f) -fl?t mm cmmf ^ c?i--fl? n H i (fifi
m ^ (ii, % iff'^) wtfiitft cimmftf? mtta c? mm fe8br/i(j-8i m), cmmi c?5fm nHfl (fe'io/ie-b^ iti) vg
(t??f md Sf m?f"i-tim-n mmtet mws n) i t f m'f? nfwi f|i I
Sfvg -it ?iqH? I t i t fll (fftntfiijt vg mm ititen cmmfe ?H?tci mm m m ttit ?iifi, -fltsH
file? mfim wu 5. M. Lorichs, Tafel x ) I lit itf^ fim--ii? mw (fetoVifftts) s nfsti, ciegei,
t m f fifcm
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Contents
tH'Sl=l At %1FI V588 t^tAtÂt-^t^T
lilRft fftC4 ( ^ R t t ) t^TlR ? R M (Ji>Ji>i/i<fb-), ?tM

S R C I A , tMRt? (?r#fR-C5 eWPt, ii8A '^'^> 1- b^-S>1 ttttC ? t M tttt A R M CACgCR ?? ('3?T^?s-'iR-RtR
liftsM ^ t ^ C t t CSfRt? A J t t 4 R ^ R i ^ I WtAtt
'S i i ! j i - 1 i ) I tRT M A'5s,o,ooo W t T O , WR R t C t ? ftft?? tfT M
litff ((?mAtrs) ^ 1 ^ A R f e f t A t5tt<3 SeatWttJ I i,i1,ooo W t T O ? R T O ) TO? T O I ? t t % ftc?s ft?tCR t t t t
CSRAttf& fetll^'S CA t l R ^ C ^ f ^ f t C t t Rt 4f?At%I ?5AC?f^; ?t1 R R M , CACgCR, f R , CCW, C^TTOT A W ?
tAt? StRtt trsAt AtA ^5R1A C I ^ R ? RRflft 'S CACgCR '^tA ('S?rt4f4?TR tf?t J s b - i / i i f t O ) I
Atc I tAf W A ^ i l C A t t f "WtRCÂ 'WtA^'A-AtARtR CbCtRtI ?sRlttt?t blU^H ^ t l R T s f t CAftfCR? ?tfAC?? ftC4
ARftft; - ^ - T O ARftR ; 4 t t T O tttt iRAtA t t t t A ACtt ^ tR, Wtftc liltTC? M ^lR?t t f ? C t t ? C ? ? Alft
RRfsPT '3 CACgCR f A M (C4lWt) iRAtA-i^t? RRfWR ; CsRcbR 4Rtt?t, Aft ?5Rttc?? c m ^ TO? t ? At Atc t'^ ?f^
4t1ftRRfiFt; S%R WfWtSt (Ji>88/i(^51-Ji>8Vi<^8o RtR) gft ^ft? '4t?tt?t (tt^'l-H A? ^ l ^ f t P i ? 'STOlfSRTt "8 brcbr/i8cv5
t f t f S R R % T TO? C?t RC5f tAt5 CAtR t t A - t ÂtA-ii)? WAJ Rtcs^ Wl?t C R t f t T O C ? M R ; WT'sM C5CRf?? RC, it., %
M stiRtR, C^FlAtAt, CttRRtttt RtAtA I R t A ^ W t t i ? stRtt'a i i ) I t ? ? f f tC4? TOftRtft RRC? (flttC? 'ii^ 'Rt^ Rtft'
iiittc=tt W A H H R I tf?t Sc^, t R (flttC? i f t Wte?' R R M , RRM,.oo
Pt!tf^ 4 t f f t CWRtC-ftftCtA SciJtt ^ AA t t f t f tA^t^ TO?R 4 R t t ? t , < f p f t W t ^ C T O t ? t ? At ? s t ? t t?1^
tttt? >Q?ttffi|lttARÂtc I liltesftAACIlflR'il^ftRtM stCTOfC? ^ ?f*t ^ft? loft 4t?tt?f M I litTO!??T?Rtf?tt
(fARtt J i > ( ? b - / i < K f i ) , <il?# CACgCR, ifl^ft fR, fAft At^, ^ t f R tACS ?C?A 4?t R?5R t ^ ? TOWt ftftTO Rtf?TO M (g.
^tlAft A ? AR?R RTft Atft (5. ifl. litACmttA, w t f t ^ R t A . CAC?tei-t Sro-t C<Ctftc?l, t ^ S t ? t R iS>AA %, it.,
OT^PtiR-C St?5tPt, it, i J s O b r j. A^-) I A t ^ ;lAtR-'ira bô-A; ioi'b/i'iiol RTCR t^STfCR ? S R t t t T O R?tTt W t f t T O
ARf%A AtAtt (SCA?t l R # 5 t M R tRAtA) R t ? CtÂlCa? TOig. <ii. C ? M , t s I | R AtAlft, i o o o - i i o o , t ^ S t ? ^ i ^ i
4 t r ^ CsR^'Ct ^ t ? ?5t??tflCR? I R R ? (Marmara) RttC?A %, % o O ) I
S t f R ? f R t ? ct^SAtR Golden-Hom-i(? St^t?^ c^fSAtR i o R / i i i t t e 4 ? ftft?te? ^ iit/itt t e 4 ? sttRte?
??!?? ^? ^? 'a?t?pF 2tfttc?? M t t 'Qw A? s w t ^ ? t % : TO?Rftt['^ iXIsn^T R ' S t R i M ^ ? T t t ^ l C t ? R t ? aftftC?? Atftc?
R t A ^ Wtti? R R M , fA4t%: t??tfrA tttR CAtC^ R R M , iflt^C?? fte4 W t R ? A ? ('8t?s%Tm, fttt?# t t t t W C 5 1 ? # R ?
RtstC ?tfA?tR AICW? A R M C t ? t CWAtR-'iR R R M , R t A t C g R ^ , l i l t s M ?4iTt f ? ? t C ^ WTslRAtt C5Caft, it., O S i i -
4tft?ttC CRtC4t^ C W A R ( t A t ^ ) tttt/'ilRRt tt^-ii)? b)\ S f l M mt R T O StTO StTO R t ? R?'S?tWR ?tftc?
A R M , cstcgcR ?tM (g. S. Eyice in IA, art. Istanbul, ^ft^ ?3jfinT'S W?TtRT ? t f ? sffttte?? 5 f f ^ TO?Rft t M
p. 1214/68) , S?-?ttt% t^flARt? Âtft? R R M Sc^ % C f t 4 t % T?5TRft t A A t ^ W t t t ( t - ioo8/i<î<^-'^l
^?C5R tte?? ^ t f IRATC?? #tf (g. Wt. TO. C A M , fA'TO g. TO. TO. ft?TT, t ^ t f R , % i A b ^ ; ftft t t t e ? f R M t f t t
t ? T O , WtTOt ii'!s(?'^.) I iooo/i(tî) ARfw?e4 ftM rTOfw ATAtClft t f ^ Sc^ ;
Ji.8Vi<f8o Atc JsWiffb-b- RtR t % RAAC^ At^M WR C?1? ? t % C5IAC4? 'iie?p#g ( t ^(fViff^fi; g. T. Yazici,
Wf R ^ 4t?Ctt "ffro-ia? WtRR" ?Mt W t t J t M TOt TO I 1st. Enst. Dergisi-C st4tM, (iindb '^.), A t , % i o 8 - i v 5 )
c?R?t 1f? 3 1TO w f ? ^ ^ t M t , ^ g w R t t M t t Wtft?- A R M ?tMTO?CitRcbRct^ 4ttftRttC4tb C?AC?? 'iie^^
SRTTO TOT t^JtfC^T 8v5t^ WtCA' R R M , CAt^ ttCtt?t A R M , 4 4 i o o 1 i / i e f 1 RtCÎ f ? M t?tTR CAC51#ttC?tR I t ? ? f f
8Ji>t^ CACgCR, l t ^ TO^'R-^f??T', S o f t A T ^ , Ab-ft sfTTO ^ ?tcR tAtc?s 'sfc??! RtRtM TOT A ? , (g. ( i ) TO. R?ttc?R-?tft
C4tt^ , v o f t ^[RtMtTRt, AtRtttR ibft tt? ftRtt CAeRittTC?ft, t ^ t l R iA^ ft.; (A) CRt4, t^tipt, %
TO? I tt^^?ff CWRtR^CA tRTO-âi? W?Tt?I M t ^ AtcC^ i i * - b - ) I lilt RAfRC?5 C4r5 '^ftst W ? ? R f t tf?f Sc^ ( g .
?ttf# RtA^t tttt A R M ( S A R OFtRRR i R A t t ^ H WT'QM C5CRft, i t . , vSJsA) I C t ? C? R t M R?R?t ??
i*br/i(f(fi), CWC?RR RtAt'i <^^^ R R M (ftRtt i^ftATt ft?lA 'SÂlf ^tTft1e M t TOT A? CRsft
!i.8br/i5-8i) t I A ^gR1? A R M ; CttttC?C S f t % "Wtft ^ Hippodrome-'il? StC? ftM t ^ 1 t i R WTARlCi?
tttt A R M ( M t Jsh-Viffb-o) ^3 ^ ^ A - R - f ? C^C^lft A R M ;. S R f t ? iR? ilfft-SftC t ? M litCh W t f t t (C?ft WtCA') I
"#t?M%: tSfAtf?-'^? A R M ^tfwtRCÂ t A t ^ ^ SjtCRfiF f t l R i R WlARtCfR R R t W t f t ioiV/i'iiols <stc
(CAtat CKRft) A R M , f R . -8 A t ^ (ftRtt ^<\^/)>(fba), ioA'Js/i'bil RtCR? R C ? I t ? M AA, f ? 5 f f t A R M i<f R ^
c?Mtt-ii) ttTOtttR R R M ( M t Js^bvo/iccct), Ji^tjcstc A ' M T , A R M T ? R C f ftM A? m^ cAcgcR, mf^ AtRtttR,
^^TftAtft A R M , S R ^ A I C ? tRA^RTA t'^.^H R R M (ftRtt mf^ R ^ t T R t , (fl^ft Rt?5'R-ftt?t, 'SprfftAtTRt, m^ f R ,
^<2-8/i<2-8b-), Ct?ft W t A T O trtr ? R M (hMr/iiird) TO? R t R t T O e t ? W ? J <S!^ t t f t ? C^FTTOT liJ?? <st^ Wt?1Rt ??C??
t?RTtt?tC4R
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Contents
% m ^ m
m f [ 5. ( i ) ifspRff < K 5 # , if, ; > i t o - i f e ; i^) ^m>W n i vsiffi i i f i i e t f w f f c n i c m iitfii i ^ > f

mfmpm CI^HH-C mPt, i i . , c^ff-v-; S. Eyice, itcc^ Citm tHei ^ t m (ff.) i i e u w m ^ ( n f e i , cHcttti,
f i t f i i i t u , c i t n m t , m ; t m ^ i t f f i m w u g. w .
Caskel, in Documenta islamica inedita, Berlin
1952, 251-62) n t ' S l ^ f i t l - n i i C t m i ^ (ClH
wtH'-nMmw i f ^ iooto/i(K'nti3, Hfi mHnm, f i i f l i t i i i W i ^ o v - i i ^ ^ / i i i o ; n f w i ,
m men itHcu (f.), f i f iwiti isi i m i m Citltlti^; g. ^. c i f i i , f. at.,"f. 8^), -fl%aflSlfmei
fifi ifw IW itci, ici i o i i / i t o t o o - i o ' t g / i ' b t o K & f m 'sreif m f f , i i ' m m i ' i - f i f e n i i f w i ( f i f i iifcV5i<)b=-, cit
fliH f i m (g.) fifi cii i m t nfeifti i ^ iHim iesf tîtci? miltmfe m i u imf%) t tit ciimieife
n H m'1-fiif', n H fl, imsfS <?iitit, fam-n itifi n f f -git f i # i t i fili--fli i i e t f w i f f ( H i f i m i
nt -fliH I t m (fifi m f f ) >a cmmppte.(i) m. iîoM&ft 5 f i t f i i i t m , citmm f i ) , -fltsH - f l ^ n f f i i
Sieii, mfifm cnfifi-c imfi, Ai.,' ; (^) S. ci0tff5tci ific c i e i f . i'vi i i i i s t s t f c n
Ejrice, f. i-îs/to ; mmfti fÊtfi citit^fKjgsmig.
i m i ' ^ ^ ^ i i i i t ^ m t m itftc?! fôci i iif i s i ^ - H c u f s ^ ,
( ) Grelot, p. 28311
it?PN> -fprtifmns^- l i t iie?i?mti5t?i m i e n c^ffic??
iCii/ivi i m i i f[(i m% fiH mi 'S^Picii f i l i ^ n e n f i i fifi H i t t (g. ?ir Schneider
nfwi v3 i^n 4-(ifi; 'ii^fm fiifnti i>4>i/i't8b-- Mayer, Jaeol^) \ Jfa/i-&v l t d f1t1 i i f f t l l t e n
i i t o f e / i i f f t o ; vtilwH, cicgci, ffiitn ( i l t c ^ ) , CTHmn
imcv^ I t i t m f nema i ^ wtiite f^ i f ^ w f i f ^ (g.
It liitmcii itm itfii mft.iHitci [g. ( i > . . m ^ - t
Mayer, 6 3 ; M. Lorichs fdnf^cuv Golden H o m - n
Wtfi'-t ciffi-tfi-t fmfimt, Supjement t&TOEM,
i m t f f t e i c i t if iflifii fSf^ if??rtcn n t ^ f c i
tmif i w i H.; citm f m , ^ <tcii* Hutf^fi, ^sifi c m r w t i i t ^ ciittmeif) f c i t i m f n n t m icm
ifees %) I 'itiic?Piiifiitimw-?tccimciWmc3î^ Lycus Sijm ? ? t n ^ w H p ^ ^ i e ^ H f w ^ m n ^ i f ^ t s P i i
(iii8/i'w>p-iit'v/><ito8 I t i ) , liiitpf H ^ . ^ s^^fifm, l i i s ^ miffic;ifi m f f ^ S v t m i t i t f m j w f i t m
-flisH cicgti cmitif I -fit'sHtvHi, fSm ^ ^-fllûi H f ^ mf, itfi lie?? - i t c j ^ ^ i f ^ m H i i ' ^ ^ ^ c i t n ? t i
'Siitfiiitftfc fifi mt Itt, fimHut ffâ.'^^fcitfi iHc i t c i i , f i f e n iifi'sKmi m , mwn-mfi^ t m t H
Item (baroque)ffifi2t1t 'fl'^ll^fsi; f l l r ^ i i / i ' s i i ^ , "Siriii??fi/ciH-mif5ii*fu i t n t
IfliH f i l l i ^ f i ci, -flt m-mmi; ^ f fmHîHr m ( l i f f i c i i f f f i i . i . -flmi) ci,.smiffûdiHfW
miltii^ ifistnfi wu idt iHm miHf is?K-ic?Bwi f u n m , c n t e i l i m n citffTsfijs itfi5(ff.'c<5,miciii,
it ifiit Smcn ifnpo mtcgtt emim i H i i t m m i f f " i - r n m i ) i c i m t ' C u i H w f % > m i t itHiw
fifi ^c?5 itciK Mfci m'wtfiici l i i 1^*1 Hf^ liHWCvo (fiHfH m f f ClH f e i i i*sm^ f t i )
fifi ifici ciitc^ -flt iiimci%,iHifwmF citii^f i f m i tfle?5mei i f i i e n cmifc d f i fdi-'Sffê^, i n
ifiitciiHiwiSfifm-ciT%imi -iîiifm^nfiim (Marmara) ^ i f c i l Clim c i H e ^ , i t i f l f n Iffff i f i f
(CTicig ifit mm, ciegei, mtc# ; i t i f ' f f s t ^ itit,
i i o i / i t o f e o I t i g nfwi, ciegei,!^, cmmr; 'mwtitci m ' f f i i m f f t n ^mi^'fm^ miHiif
l e m itit. i . i : t ^ i < ) o o iti t n H i , cicgef, mtegSt, cm^t-tiff c'o: f i H "cmtf OP r v^HcHtt % i i f i m Hffe m
Citmtl^) \ -flitci iftsttn c m ^ 'mf mmmSesii i t f e n f i i e t f i i t i , fi#*f cftm i t i ^ ^ ^ f ^ ( n ^ i i t c i
( i i ^ o / i v < ^ o i r I t i g n f w i , ciegem); mm t=ptfi itm n t it l f l cm^sfif), C I ^ H F m i f c i ^ n -flîci
iiSciii^ (i.iNsVi'Âo m t mî-mff^, cmmt) nt m f f ^^FfH C l f l .fliiifc, - i t n H i i i S P n n^*jff
dHji u m itit? iiettwi^ (iX^Wî'iS* f i t ciTgci, liHiitcavs f i i i a m t e n f ^ i m e n f m i ^ftti
fl, cmmm cmimf^ i # 'Hi cmti; g. ''s.f^, (msm m H i f (o- vjrt i*f fidtfi'Bfi) m t H i t m m w nfwtF^5|tti
. . ., i i . , f. i o f f S - f t ) I Iflt mc*t# 11C?if5 t ^ ^ f ^ AtCôtfe?
Ifim m i t f i t i f f i t f^ (*iî*r m J ^t?t%
men mtm n H i -flititifei fmi fiit'=t f f e i f i t e i nfelHc i,oo,ooo dfCil f t i i i p n m? (g; Medieai
f i fiifi ifl m * ^ ^ (im c ^ i l i - v ^ 'mf iWi^Hiiii^, and surgical histoiy of the British A t b o ^ v Lcaidon
185^1
-flfi Citwt f i t i t itit itftne m ^ , : fntnti
Citm wtiitsjpf it' ?!?t u t t Hifee<T itiC't dtif
ii8to/i10-ii,8'V/>tW) t ^ I f l t m fSf -SH^lfa? 5 ^ , d i m t i m i ^ f ^ f i T t i f , i f m a t m m ^ i t i , iiâ#F
cwitafic va mmen %ifi n m mi?^ H^wmn^ fic^pên wu iHf- i M f ^ ^ (5. ife^ra* cBFd^, i i . .
mt I
t.H.^/88
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Contents
8to t^H^t It tft|1
f. Sbri), ilms (TTltW mt m mt?va -#1 (cm mHim fmi fmi fin^s fn, -iitH fiHtc? i t i f f n itiH
?tc?i%T) I t m f?tft^xFC5j mm cmtimt a mtft ^sFcit iffm cmei 1 itfci a mmmHien n e n f i f i itm
-at mmf? mc?? i n m ?5f?m itc mm, wt t m ? Kl ii?t iê?i? fn ?f? iifwi m f i w f m f m n ,
-flitmif^ ^ w t i f i T ^t?t te I (Forum ciesfi? c n t i m ? i ^ l i c ? ' * c n ?simt-m5tHien c m n
Constaiitini=C!mc??fi ti CWrtf ?t tf?stt?ttft Rfift- men I t f i f fn itneimHten n m , cit Stmt i m
tf cmtf ; Forum Tauri= ?tc?fl cmttf ; Forum meit mmei'8fi?va mn?i mm mi i i f ifH it^'tei?t
Arcadii= 'mc?-tt?tf; Forum Bovls= mmmt?) tg. Ititm Ititm f l >a ttfi? cmtm fn nt n t u r ifimHti
0>) Mayer, 16-20; (^) Le Bruyn, 48] i Hippodrome imf%ntm^mfimfim cit m wiHn? if^ntim
(cmtfc)-ci iffS m itci Sft tftfci? 'SIC?! ifctm i i t i 4f?ci <g. ?m t m i i mtmpitH cwcH, If.) i
5' <îl<M? f< mt?t?Ct? l R ? i C t ttH?t m (Grelot-ifl? mfife?t irm isft^va mmei'sficm 'iit?it m^
?tc? Sm f n cmtt-fM ?ft?tci, ^j. ^ ' l i ) I i?cmm it? mm ?fim ici mien m f Sim ?m, imt i m â m ^
mt^ -flttw ?tm ?ti nt -fltteit cttw ^n? wm i H i m r ir?iff?f ifiei cifimeit imci mm mi i
i t ^ I ('mc?-tt?tf' mnT-?tm, mit?j 'Smf mc?? 'mvamHi (g. t. H. ii, :^b--fe) itct cit finH tf?mie?
m -flttws iftmci? 2fc?ttf?m fn) fc? fc? Sji?t m fm m, i H mmei ite -ît itwm itm 'mmfii m
[?<fm mr g. ( i ) demschwam, 9 8 ; (^) Sanderson, litcif?? f i Hitf? Itut I f i t f Itm? mm it i ien
77 ; ( ) Le Bruyn, 47] i C?tt? ?5m5 >a 'f? mit it^teiet c f i "mvaitfii' ifii" fn, cit ie^ ^sitf'i^
Hippodrome-'fl ?m i t It, mm cmt% "3 ^
mif%? i m cmt it, cnti ite ifigwm 'ifmf?i m
I f i f i wm 'mva?tf?i iiten '?Tiif m it n t
cviil^Tlf Cva mtl i t (g. TOEM, ii 547) i - ^ ' s f i v a
wnt?t?t:t? Hcmcn m fn (g. mâfnt c^cif?, i t . , ^ . itneimHii I t e m mHci cim itc w f c i ifiâ cmt
8b-i), S? Itnt cmnt n fntt ?5?f ?t ?tm ?5?t fifn it (g. . n. nfii, f f f c i c i cif??fififii tifiitfi,
fll (g. "3. c?fn, f. i., f ii^) I tmif ife^b- f . ^'i) I mmfiH^ mw m ien cmotmii
. to I iifcgi'sfi? tiifff^; m? 'mgi m mft
vfl <a?tfsp imf%? f;eftiis nfwm tmiicn irt? nfiem
''m fMt f i f i m m ; c ? n ? s i f n f i < f T : t ? i?m mt i n fiem mi^filt vaitmp wtHten lem
lttjftf; 'ifiiten ism; ffi?!*t imi ifiit He?f5 itci i
( 1 ) m^te^n?? ? fmstf f t v s H ^? ^fmm mwc^ i?cn m m, ifH mmei? ifimHiit itl%-'*{sm
etc? tmii n? ib-^ ft mmci itm tH fn (g. m?cf, ?m fi?e? cititei mf?f ttn 'if?ei i cm "?ftmi cttc?
t r n i i mmnf? mmt yâh- f b-8) i hao/nsb te^ lift fim ficwem cm fiei? itmî? ifntf ?fim
irci -at 'mifci? i m mffm n (g. t m ^ mfmmf? iHn cmtiiwflim i c i w m m t M ifnt ci^sm it ci,
cmi?, imt. m?cf-?t?m, t m ^ ife'io f , 8^*; nwi iTf%5? nttm mH ?m ?iei cm itmcie mi mm
S^ Itmt i f # i i itftei mei) i i o 8 8 / i t o o 8 itei nemt iemwi (g. ti-cmnfitci, m^f'iffi-'Sfi, î., ^.
itftei? I t n fn ^S"^ nt mm w i ^ f t fn csnfm to<j-8) 1 tfffci? cnjg cnt Hff? n? fn % ?n? (g. -î.
(Community) tg. n . > l t 4 C C t , t m n i m t j f cnfifie c?fii, tftni mitH, i(^(ô-i<^fei %, % ysa) i feb-Viiff"^fe
mH, \ 5 t , i i 8 l I iob^/ito'i^ I t m lem Sfifi ittjt I t e i i H mi'ici? ifiitHtm -sn i t m c i f i ( w t f i i )
?sfim fifii Itmei? Ittit 1 ? ^ffo, m ififii mi'tci? ifim emit mm it itme i ^ t f i n cm itmf fim
Itmt 1 ? ^ 8 I i^b-b-/ib-Hi Itci m cffs'mm He?? mme iitiei f H fim cmm's irstettn f?e m tfe? i -ii^
miei? I t n 1 ? fiHi ^b-8, # ^ ^ 8 , I t f f fe ; m? m?ei feb-to/iff'ib- I t e i i H ^ itmei? l e m 'iti fiiicn
cimen mHc? itmm itmt fn m?^ ^(^bH, cisH m ? n f?i?ft fmmft mm i? (g. -î. c?H?>, titiiii iimH, ieeo-iefei
S t f i , citem n mm ?m?? nt Sifitc? a ?ifem-'fl %, i 8 8 ) I i H itfeie meat ttitm fim w m cblfint?
m f ^ fn (g. s\. cwm, m'fir'i-Hmm, t m a f i^b-fe I t f i I i of/itoi iei cit i t f m f itmcimHilt t f i f a R i
H.,fiii)i t m mf? I t??tf ?iei ititeimHii cii fim n w i 'Sii
-flt miiei f n n H tilt i&mi?it, fiw m3J's Mitj citfim (trim) fif<? ?i?m fi i iioVii-bfee i t e i 'ii?sH
itm nfi n H Iti I nfwi, fiwf m fmtcn iffici I f e i i w t f mm n C I , ietm inteimfem i ^
cblfiHi? fifi? mHc itci, fifirci cit fifH^? funm
fif??tt ifH Itmei Iffm SfS?if|t i -At incimHien
icjc?> wiittcit CI t ? m imfi fn (ifimti i m mfie ^^ci, fitm i ^ me itm irm m i f n t tfftm
cwm) nt titm ?i's itfft c? if^ fii mmt ic^, ttftmrnmrf i c ? mi tm'-? mrcs^r te? c m i itfiff
t m f fiicm
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Contents
08<\ tsn<pf ?t tfifi

HiRp?i ifm: c i f i d Itfn cJtwt? ifmm (g. trnfcn mm^fi imf:n itmf?' mm? f i i mî (ff-
CTcstci, if, f.fetoe)I 'cuff' mftrntfiim #m?t Mayer, f. i., 8-vo^) i ifimlm tfitei f, citn tfi
ifRSiSR '8i^f<mf^ f l l CI, tftfcn cmiiffi% tfcm filfs fe? fim nr fimei i ci it?eit itftci'sfi?
1? m t îft ficn ^fiwt cwm ^^ffci I i^ttc? atf ifin ^-tfi'ffa m f i r n ^ itit3Kifft^ftfii(ff.
mfci itc ^ itc fwT mm? ?ttm? fiemt mf?c itMayer, 9-24, 104, 254) l i^fevo/itrîto itm fimf?
(f. iivoi/iiib- men w f f ? , cmwcic Sf, i t . ,fe-jse)i i n mf^ tieiiî if?d cut m c? ( f . m?cf, % ife,
i^brf/ibrtobr cm? cm? mftci? tf mmt53m mfim mfimi tmni fHmfi, tftip ifeeir %), iisfi f i m
cfTsm ft c?, tfm ifri firmim ?ittf mfie? n t i f ^1 fitmm mid c m fli terns cit iît itH?wt ?ii
muei? fif Hi ^t f?mi ffnt#?iet fiemt ?sm mt i ifim Hfi ^mtei i m t H'mmf ifrfitcQ fiit i t d
mfm t^tfct? i n #?e? n fi 'nm'? fft ie?, mfm fîfiiti itdva fcnm cit n t in-if?i?tm mfi't ^
ft McBjin ^ffnfff' (f. ciewei, it., % iitrtr, iifee- n (ff. ciewd, ii., feib-, iototo) I mm iTe< mfm mft
iô8)I fn mmt n n?t C5tf if? ci, H iHm mm Hitt wH
mfei? lifwen f i f i tmi ffit m teim iei m Hw mft? liiititf^ im m nt mmt mft? Stm iTeH
im? mrnt-itcimt? iffif?f iHei i fiien mciitai mei mm Ste? mttm fifi iHe cstt if? i i d %
?5iff? i??fe? tftilet? fimit cnt mm it i i i f mwemn it? fici mem-mii mm tit i n mm? cmitemen -ît
(fttf) mm? ?tm? fftm? ?sf?m crnitt mf?, m? itftentHttm if?mm itfim met Golden Horn-n fifg
Itme i?me?? i f mmei? m?%? ?sm t i n mi mf cmt m iiamwt nt mt itc mf^twr fiitH i^tM ifjtei
cifim? itfrn^ fll tmiien i tmi i f t e i ^ ^ fi?5t, fien m im it I ioi/itoi iei? ifitmH itc imi tfam
ifim mtt? fiit memrT if?e ttHei ffi c n ntew? m c?, mmsH tt fimcm fn (ff -fi. c?fii, tmnf fmH,
S^sti mf^^ten fitfim ifim? wm i f i m ien i ie(j-vo-ies.i, f .toi)I m môfim c^ciH cwm fim ?en c?
i^8Viir^'is l t d if Itmei? wm n^wi if?m fim? Hitn ( i t . , f 88to), t f t i f T , s!^, cmtitci vg I t f i i t m m^H
im n , mm fli it%r i i e ^ 'iifi?etwt' mmtmm? iii/iii iei n t mf^ itm f l i i ii fifi vg cnfie?
ill tiei^t I n e ? ? i e i i e i l i t i t lifiiff i e i ? fc? ?lw ifis fi?imil, ii Hifi ittim cifn iei gHâpci
ifjit it?iff cificn mesf f^ fg itfcie m i l iHit? mitmmwif? (ff -fi. c?fii, f.i., f.toto)i iiew?m'^
nimmfSc l t d , te?. n t mitcisfi ? tiHtjn cwttc i f i e i cin-iiittf (ii? mfi), fi'm-mf mm f-citf
1^ 11 IC? ['fig' itfeie f i f i i vs '^^^tiei? nut? itien itfwft I im, ii fiiten m? m if? i?m, m cift
fi?e?wtfim?wmf. (i) s\. c?fii,tstmf?ff, iooo-iioo, cift mm? ?i? m if? mm tt^^mif mf? mfiiii,
l f l I t ioo ; (^) 1^ d n , t ^ i i - i i fmf, iffffvo-ies-i, f. cmmmii feeftii, fim ifim mfm Stm ^
(to, t?fitjf<F f l , mei% vg cwtiifi iffm mitm [ff. (i) iob-1/itoito mm n H l f l , cieweie S ^ ,
Sfim? file? fie^ f.] i m t m ft ?T?tf -fit i?lfei i f , f. i i 8 1 ; (^) Si. C?fil, t m f l fltH, iioo-iôo,
Sntft I C ? IfeSife/ifffeil t d Pammakaristos fiwtei voo] I
m nHfci lit^f? im n n Sf? ^ffî? -ntm fim tm i m c^t?fm vg i ? ii m fim vg ^jtmt tfiw?
nft iifei fft ifnt? C5tf im n, if wmtt^fi ICQ ICQ mfim mfif fli 'mewf vgimntf? S n n t cifieiH
fi^ ifim fifiiien itci fmJF? im n, ifft i n miff? i f i f i i m m H i intf? Sie? i m citt citt
nft n fifm wii icit fli [ f. (i) -q. c?fii, tmnf mm ifim mm itfif fli mfm itfiiten i mmt fiw fiw
fmH, iooo-iioo, f i 8 ; misf. (c^) stoipe-nnrtt) i mft m mtH? m m i t i ifnm imt i n i f f i t d i H
( 1 ) m^ s Vavassore-iii? nite c i i t m? c i , c i i itfci ite mm itm (fnmf^ fiemt if?m ?T?ff
i i ^ 1 ? if?5 m m n n -mitc ie?i ifimci, fif n I im-itiwif n t m mfif fli c^ttfi fitff? S n
t??f imf? (ioi/itoi ii) njite (ntntei) cut m (tfei ifi? fmffe m it) I ffi 'gfe? ff%c it?ff#
CI, cit n ii mi[??t? cm)mn n n cm m cit mw imtei,
tfimt tf?mtei cnti it?lci iA^Wib-ivo i t d f Sfm Itm fll (too m (ff. mvsfm csciH, i t . , e i 8 ) i
cmtf Itt Lonstaritins-n I f l f k s f s cmtlffi lt?f? Sfm im-î?wii ffttm mm itc itiei? Stemf fmtH
Itn I t itrffbc) I m^sfii ifei iei i f n litetm -siff< mfim m n îfie ffim fim i f C 5 fie^t if? i -^tn
i n f m citf mat vs.ff-ff.ff fitm i i ^ fli (f. cmwi, ii., m?wmt m t n mm mn ftei i m mimiti'ig-? fiei,
ioto'l) I vsn mff? I t c i cmif^ mn ftei ttfie cim ^^t (ff.
t n t f fiicm
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Contents
V5tr
Oberhummer^ Tafel x x i i ) i R=f TO ^ A T O ^snf ^^felt RA^tAiftft^ ÂCt < ^ R45T ftASt ^ f t S WitR
tt^ Mm ^^1-51 R T O T W t g ^ M^tCA? W A T , tift?
Rt C ^ , RtARRt -TOFt A m Rt t W At RifJARm AlSlA S-Â WStA AtAjC Rt 2 ^ C J W A T TO^ C W A T f , R R M TOJtAT
iRft Rt R1TO R t C^m^-^ ^ f S A W S t t s f t RtRPIR ( 5 . *Mi^llt TOA ^ A ^ ^ A H Wfi I 5i>!b/itf& R l C R A A R ftRtt
< R M , tSl=F3R A t A l f t , 4 > o o o - i i o o , R f i R R ^ Ae-^Jr] t ftft Wsptit lO^tft 1RTO-*R R A C ? ) C ^ t R R t f l t CtitRR C A f

RrTOHRA TOR A J # S W H R ^ R A A R W R t A A l f w ^ A t O tiM R t , % f t 3 R ^ ft5^Ct ^ t C A AtltAt
t t t ' - ? R i T O J o R t T R fttW IAW R t A i!ttftC5 ^ |. ( i ) ^ A l t R t , , C 4 t R S l T O ^ R l A t ^ ? R T R ^ R T ( g . <5. C?ltM,
D e m s c h w a m , 7G ; ( A ) t A ? ^ , ^-t., *to8] i ^tSlR tSlHt'l A J S ^ , Sei?->e&i, <Hr-i) ( CTt ftCAtl^ft CA
A t f t M R < : 4 l R R l R l t 1 ^ Rt,. ^(Aii'^^S R t f t d t C ^ S ^ RftC AN(I^ SrlD ^ ^ . < i . ) -A. 0 ^ 4 , St., bib ; ( A )
A ^ ^ R t e ^ Jg, t^raa^, (A) C5J5^1S,,M., i o ^ A - S l ' s t A t ^"^ms ^ TO Ct,
WlBte, Jil, 1 ftWAPast^ l^ôttA A t RT 1 A S ^ T O ^ wMtC?
^0AR ' S j H -i^Hll tiCTtf4 =4Af A S Ml^tH^^^Pl a|!b1Sw t I R R ^ t l t tSCft ^ftft W A A C t , R ^ R l f t , ftcTO 4 M
iA*ro/iJjf* R13?J, *i|l'5ltSil|,W'i|5gTOs^5H *ikb,A>'!|llC*l^^lt4W Wtft " T O R ^ i ^ - R ^ ' R t f t *MA^t At t ^ M
=TO^ ^ AA % <5. C i ^ ? ^ , i't., feli) ( Mtt A^C*B J . ti). s a M , tsl'^ft^nft, iioo-iAoo,
' RAeg R A T R ^4)t-l ^ftft.^^ftAt R ^ t S f e S t R5t R%TRto8>;'^^tAfRQ5 ffA^tA-tlCSt^tl^ Atft ftRtct?

t s t f C R ? ^ i ^ N t S s ^ I KR IAO#ISb/Q >si1^SHl'^^l9' CTftAtSt W p f t s j R R . ^ AA i ^ WT R ^ M R M T t s T i p R ? a t R
" t A P A w f t R l f t R t -e ftlRftRt.R^wt R e
t^^m^t A T f t W f t ^ R W . ^ ^ l ^ tft At I W f ^ l ^ ^ ^?R%rt.
ib-Oi ^. atRAAllRR R t A A t ^ WtsM ^ ^ M ? WAT ftM Mtt ^ ? P f t T O W?T- TO^ R t ? - R A M 3 T O f t f t C R T C 5 C-ÂtCRR
*rM^ ^tRRt c w t A ^ R f t ^ f t CAtRt = 4 M t R ? t , "^TOW=!T 54j4i/i<}-fl1r RtCR ^ R T O W t S t R R t A t C t , R t ?
SW^,<S A A ? R 4 ^3.C5ft1^ ftRtt.,4ATtIlft, 1^ ( R T O <?rs?TlSRTlttt?t Rtft >s C T O ^ R <RR.'5tftAT .Ct'S?n A ? ( B .
ATA^, a t ^ t C ^ i S j A t A R t A A i W j ^ 'cTOtT rtttT' R t W '<lfAf|: tlH41 Airlift, iioo-iAoo, 4>H)TOêM ' ( i i i / i H i b - ,
ft?t5 Wf^^tCS? "tC? ("^ ft?7RftlStfto CTO WRT Sf, CSfCWlS, Rtci ^ 5 A ft R t ' w<IK . A < f ft^ ; g. Oberhummer,
it.vifb-a-ii'ii'i) I Tafel X K i ) t t S R t t W t A t t C A ? . ' f l f t A t t t "A^ RSRR^CtA
. i(R)TORftRtt-ftftR^ atCTOSR iRstR^S ^ J A aJTRTt C t t R R t t R t ftRtt ,^4f?C A t C R
, , AA ftRtt-ftft, R ? 4 ft:êt, "tAC^ - t f t ^ ^ Mitft *l,=ivs:iC't'^.sy-iiif^ 2lc?lfiiti A t I ^t^'s ^ t R Rt^ft?t
ftAlt A ^ T O l ^ t R r s ^ 'S^Rtft AIXC'=1?lRllA'4-Ait t M l R t C 4 C t T t R T O t M t f t ^ M t ? M <?fSAt ^ 4 W t t C t A WTM
ettft TO I <aRA ftftrort W t f t 'Î^C^-t C t A ? ^ i l f f t ( 5 ^ fti * i r ? l t T O s ^ "wf?AtfttT:tA A T t l t t t S f f t " ( C A 4 R ' I S R t R i t )
( t A A W t f f t ) i9A "ftAt? w f ? ^ A M t t t , R?tT ' A t ^ ' f t T T O - R t f t iM gj-CAttCA RAttAT WtfRAt t t f t ^cMil^lC? ftAalt
^PRt^Rttwftj W R C^tTOftcÂ l ^ A R R ^ C R ASl^fW ARt ^tR>S ftMv^M C t ^ A t ( g . CACWC^, i t . ,
^ l A l f t t t 1 ibrvoi =5. ^ R A R R t f t ^ i?iAT A A ' f l A M l - t ' ' f f ^ l ioA) I
15?^ttC4 <g. CACWra, i A . , feb-i-vs) I >^TOSTftftM*tA S R t f t A W g R A t RSAt A t * T i o R / i ^ t

s|tA R 4 R TOtt ftR ?llc|<l ftnattftR ("ftRtt ^5t^ ^ 1C^lAAtt tA?R? W?R?.tTt S F C A t ^ t t t c t l C 4 ,
^RAI-SI WtCt ^ t t j ^ W J W t a RtC? S R J *W4t|l S^tAtttA W t W M S A R T R ^ C T A ^TRlwflAt CWtT:.%. t T C 4 I t R
R^wCA ( f t f t ) W t A t A t T S t J S R f ^ 4 ^ t C ^ M^fe ft^ A I M A RT;tT ^M>5RR4 ittRft tMT C ^ AR TO?
iSR^ ftîft t w t R - t 'sCt^s^tcî -tftcw = 4 % t <?ttTCt R R ^ t e i ? -ttllRSiA $t'bv)< ftRtt
ftc At T ^ A f t ' S A t ^ . .43t t t f t 'STR Sdfm ^ ^ W l h t - R ^ A?<5: JIRM, ^filHi^ A l A t f t , J i o o - i A o o , > J . bH-b-) I
tsnsitWA ^ i W T ftAtCtA W ^ p f t '^RlR ^SR^ "Mlt^gAt^, W^RM ^Mlfttm.^tA A n : k a ftftÂTO M s t A t A t
ftft a l ^ l ftft e *i-iCAllHto t f t s j l t <i^fM <?st IHW-I C4tR R R ^ W A WiCrMlCt R t f t ^ft ^fic* ^tlft R t A t CR?Rt
^ A ^ I f t f A - a i f ^ <R A A f t t R A t . ? l i a L ' ? A t A f t t l R <?FH Atflr ^ t ! ^ t -tiM RT ( g . C A I ? ^ , i t . , % i o i i ) I
I ^^14?^ a l f t t l A R S R R tA-^^^MtCA T i m W tATC<fgRl^Rlff M'-'^ < R ^% ^ C R t , tATslT t t t ?
^Âm^'lfpm W t i g . ( i ) S . E^ce, TO. no. ^llM A t ^ t S f t ?5fe ItM AT, R ? T O 1 l ? 1 ? CttRRttRt ftRtt
2 4 . - ^ . . S i ! H $ ? t 3 5 ? ^ a ^ 3 i l ^ i ; ( A ) CSRJSi, IA6M t flMRt ( S . i t . , i o t t f e , i o & > o ) 1 C 4 R ^piM
^Mî<irA R t l ^ Wtft W ^ ( R , <?PR,ft#oT ft%tc=fir A t wg?#iR ftcff wÂ^rtct? ft^ ? l f t . t t
R^^^^tAJ ' i g W i R R ssRjt Al| Î^RMW S r O W t A t f t ^fiww itI t i M R f 0. CUCWCsi, i t . , %

ô'K^S} i i i t f t c w .^lt?TO ^ F U = ?<=t (%^)
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f s t ^ f i v s -fn I > ; > v B / i b - i s I t m f ^ fntt fifi ifitft delle cltta sono per la maggior parte dl legno e
i f # R t m I t f t fimt t # m fifinm I t f f i 8 fi?t' terra") i ictmf n n nHf4 < ^ H l i f c i mfe? mft^H
tW ^ itc ttH (^. 1n 15:t%tf^t1ttd it itmeltimiiisti?um, cut csjt ?5i â tct?'2f,
ic#e fitm ti% Itft fiitct? ifif f^ ; g. Mayer, I t i e i dim ^f? mtim m f i s , mm H d cimi fim ?^
81) I I t f t citim ci^ I t isfiim C I fmcit Hwit^ fn ItH tg. ( i ) Mayer, 106-12 and bibliography, 381
tf m t Itfiim mci Stcimt m I f m t ' nt ^c 4; (;;,) m. m m , f i iiH srm tidH, tmFf i^f* 1-11
ltd cm, mitl, ititittm, mitt:tm, twuît, b\^m\- <iit ??en mf^ m^ an? s o o ?^ mmfi m m ^ffit tiH
(s^ fiici M. Lorichs-n W U cut itc ttn) i mftlt (g. s\. c?Hm5, tstif ioo-iioo tt., f i8)
(f.)-n tm Itfm Swm fifiHtmi fiitm ci^sm n i ii nt i o i / i M iei? mtfitti nc? "iitiii n H mff fiiten
itc fifii It ififii iiêit 1 ^ f f ifirat Itft m iff m i o o "?<=f^ ^mfT mHntf mtfi? cneH,
fiitiisfic itfi 1 It i8to) I
liiliit itc itc? m, ii fiifdi >iit fifi-ficii cit () ci^mi cnt mff mfist s îst i?m cm cm
I d c?tm i itfim mcit iim iftfiiiiii? ci>8iim mfm itmm? ^ met H^ its nHten â n H
Itftm fill nf ftil mfiitfn Golden H o m - n S ^ mftc?? I m t m wu n m n t f n mft itti n t m
fid n u n stfi im? I ClltCI? mfm i?iTt ^ tttc i < f ^ m litmfii 'mnt'; mu m?f itH n H S^ ciim
iffici ltd fici? mHm c wMsm i? ci, ififiiit w , tmitm, itmn, ?# tt?? n , cmnitm, n H mtm
ist liiitm ItH wi?itc im 11 fiiti mHc titmrn it (g. n, n 5 mtmr ti, e i i i i f citmn, nit 'itst n' (ci?m),
c?fii, trnii iimH, i i o o - i c ^ o o , f c i i o ) I ?sm n , mmm? ittim i ? , ^f? n, mtim, fm m
(1) irifci? i T i j f i i r s tftfi iic?? ? i i f i d tmt, cmmm n H cBmtfm ( i ? i f mssi fiittm mfim
tfuH jtct f ? ^ ?sf?m Sum iicttHi i?t mte itc? i 111) Ifift?itH m^^t^t i3iei5 nit mm, n H mmi,
( i ) "m?tifi," (-am, imt) s sim m t>^c?? ( ^ . nit i H <ii-îtm? n , ntt t m t m?itm itti (g. im
N8mt) mfifii fiHm I M mmfifit fif^ mtm m t m ^ mfinfff rnifi? cnesf, mt io^, <\vo, yo^î,
I t H I t H ifim fiiti im it iim m - n i ifim 'H i i i i , i ^ o < H , i t o S b - ) I ? mftd n r ^ ^ itei-t cif? (g.
im i t ; m i i mus cmmtm? Stcis <iit?ii ^mt m mim I t i ^ ) , citii I t f t m i l n t fn g "îH Sum
fiifi mm it i mmi mm m itft ^mH im iteei H'm tim-n mff tg. ( j . ) i t . si^. cifittitH
it ititc mt cim m i m -iitii ic? mm?i ifimi timm citm tim, t s t i ^ i & s v f., f. <to ; (c^) j. i s i
ifimft citcimt m ?5f? mew? imei mum mft? iteid? n H i4n wu g. white, iii. 176) i
tftfci m m m?, m muHtd nt it cim'sitfft I ( 8 ) itififimm mfi.(i- if ?) g ?4mn i f
mtei? fe? mmt m 'ifimfi' cimsci?miiti mmd iHien ititn^ H!i H mtn <a3lit ^[tfm is is iei;
Snti i m W ^ m, cititci R?llt cilc<Nlt liHme? cntei ittltt.?i>3 i m i i t i I mim, citH f^ Ste??
m t l ifi ( i o 8 8 / i t o o 8 mm wtm, cieweie S ^ , i i . , it-tg iti -siHifCA:*! H i i i ? ^ ^ \ i w i M citn ititm
^ . i o c o ) I ifimfi jtfieim m ?iHie?m m i cm mei m FpifH^t'^,imi^nm<^miT^ cmti fim cnt
mmti?tte n m^fifit mime mi mH, d t i t d t itfi itti (g. Schweigger, 106) Hi^tli i t i t o o mft fifim
lfti? nt citlteit mtfi i itei -Q^ feme? mm citeH n mtim citim mm %n Hew? i t i t i Hift
Itff uei ififS ijf%5iit itfiei ife<2-o/ie8itei n H itimtmn ; g. C. de Villalon, Viaje de Turquia,
mnt mt fim itic? im i o o mm:^ m? ^ i i o b r ^ / i t o s ^ 741 ititiH nHei uism m l i d cntifi-'ii t?^
ltd tmid i ^ , o o o c?m itmft fn itim tiftei itâm tn I mmi iri Hti u t i i n iifi i (timSi t m
m tg. ( i ) cim?ei^, miftm , trttii it^. m i H ; Hut ititei o o liim t ^ , g. m%i-t fimf, % to) i
HH^ m m file? mfim wu g. (^) iraHm csc^rfi, ii., atii itmm iwlw ilHs mm, i H ti??
ci,to] I n, citnitm, i t m i c i t Ht^ m ^ te tiimftm
(^) mtd? mfti? g if?g m^tiftiiletm^ f i Hm? wu -iJiH f l (g. m iii), amm f?Hi atemwi
i t f i i i ? m citeim ?i f?ti n m cmm mei? m mt Htttm wu tif35 if^îgiiemtwi wu n H liiiit,
mm %tt tcB? mffe m iH tg. ( i ) Rambertl, apud, m H cmm i # iiH (g. it^m ckmR, ii., i!,^-8) i
Lybyer, 239; (^) Dernschwam, 63 ; ( ) (cmtrnfc iitf mt mmi itit? mei? tivfiiff?
Schweigger, 105; ( 8 ) Alberi, iil/I, 393 " "Le case 1 ^ g. mfiiitf ci^titi, A i . , f. 1 -it n ititm
t n t f f i i e m
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tHl=1 It t ^
mfien: fim (cmti, i t n ) fifw it cit^fii isltifii f m nt ii?ft? itftfi i k i 'I? iffSim
Iff! i t f i t i f i % f [5. ( i ) m. citiicn, fft'n [?tnmtt? m m if!|ife? itu? wu f. ( i ) f . w .
t m f l ifetofe' I. ; (^) C i . M H H , fntSi ftit i t i f i , Unger, Q u e l l e n der b y z a n t i n l s c h e
Arkitekt-iil e f i t f i , e l , ' j : ^tob-) 1 Sftm igftltl Kunstgeschichte, 1, Vienna 1879 i. ; (^) Mayer,
M i ific-!. citH lllc^T5l f f t i n 5i=iicH? itfiirifftci f. i., f i o ^ l 1 if!tite? itu it^fiit iM c ? f fll I
T^fnt ilt I f i t i citsfi itfftftiici I t mtu Ergin ftim i f i m f ciUtifen c?, i b - e vs i f e o t o l.-ii?
<fjf^ci lfl ifici I i i i / i i i i c i i mffitfi n c ? ^^[fi leum e v s m? mitei c i f s ^^feft ifîta let n fite
itifHi c ? , f i i i ifiiten iwicnvaSff^cniffiiiitfi ClfS V5to,ooo I t f f ^t1.lt?t im (f. CieWeW, i i . % i v s v s v s ) I
iiten itiJt fli cift iôft (g. tffi-t fintft, % bb, l i i c i i i fnft if?(ite? tf?usfi itcei, ?tm feii/ietofe
bh) I m mtu ufmeli's ifiicn itfiitufi iiten I t i , '^111m, i o 8 v 5 A C l C t n , itovsvs I t i , ito f "i-iimt,
i t n fll im i,ooo [5. ( i ) cntici^, ft-; (^) mfiit i o 1 o A 8 ^ f l t t , i t o t o o l f l , v5 1tvs?t1, i i o 8 / l itofevs
cbciR, i i , \5^c^-8] I lifis, \s ffiut itiihifi fifi n I t i , ib-itmm, i i v o o / i i T ^ n t , i i i b - m , ivsitim, i i f e t o A ^
f i n fimim-n mtci mtt citfimt f i m i t f i i T t c w i t 1f1%, i l b - C ^ l f l , C^l f f - f t ^ , i^8iA C l P t ^ , ibr^to I t i ,
ijtnJc (citfi? tfiit mfiit cbciR? iei Sfifi i e f i 8 ?fff'-^, i^8fe/v5i 1t1%, ibrvovs I t i , ^S ?fft' C^, i ^ b r V i f e
ifiitci) I c i p t n , i b t o e l f l ms i i l i t M i , iv5v5to/io m , iJS'i'^ iti
<t I f i m 'G ifwf u f ^ i e n Rifin i t fif nt I5. ( i ) A. M. Schneider, Brande in Konstantlnopel,
l i f I f i i n t tftfcn wfii m m c i ^ m t e n itfte? f i i f i in BZ, Xii, 1941, 382-403 ; (^) ClCWCf, i i icê8-iv^>(^b
i?t n ( I t l i l f , C i t e i t % t vs ititc) Golden Hom- ; ( v o ) >ai. fiim, t m f i i t i f i n t f ? , fi" ititf tf?H
n S ^ i t e < (imt I f i t e , ftff i t i t , iffii itif ^l?tifvo?iMlR c t u m e i c i e i f ? - , i i . ( i f e t o v o ( . ) , v o c ^ i -
iffiiueie), i i i ? t i s t i f f ??tn Sifite? 1 ciefi n t 8 i 8 ] l
n n mite f f t i ?tim 'a f ? i T n^fi cnt f t n n f f s imtn 1 ifît citfi n t I t i i t it?ilfli f w i f f i
f l i , itumâ fll ien 1 i?iif ?ici ciH? ifftei ff% (^[c?^ "Iff) cwite; tfe i n cieg? n i m m fffit
i f i i t fifit ?jfîen i n t e i ? wu i t i f c i if?f Sei 1 fieun, fiitfli I ^ti?l9 11? Sifci? fnff, c i i f i i t f ?t I t i f
fim, fmmii f i iie? i f ^ ? i 9 ?t nfitim itf^m iftci i w f i i t c^ffittiffli, fien i f i m f fw?tfiet i f ^ i f c?f
fii?t I f f Hite? s^9\ u?ms '^ Rie? fimf?*iTtfi? i t , mm m i fn ciunm c i f i c n C i i t c m ciuim
wu f . ( i ) c?tmit-?tf? c?fw%mi^ ; (^) m . t . c i t ^ , citm mitue citm fcn ftt M? va itm i t ; tf
t i m ^ T l i p r f ^ f cnfifi, 8 1 , ofe-feo ; ( v s ) iff^ ittcgft, W fwitfi-Sntif Siiite S^-i? fii ite m ciei
i t . " I f f liifif? i o v 5 ; f i f e n itm ?tfim fiie?
?if i?tfi i t n t 'aci?te? itfi; i w mf vntiteHe
wtfiimwuf. ( 8 ) cfiitfie'a?iieifeieifi?^1t1te? I t f t n a ^jva) n fli Rm Lorichs va Le Brujni-n
( I t f t ) ?fi= l f f i 1 ififeen it^'f i f ciic?eiR 1 t i t
wum? C l U I t t c ite?) 1 (iilfei ifîta ^ itci tU ^
W a f . ( e ) msfiit ceeiR, i f , v5fei-8b-'is; (b) nfiit
itR ifntmtft cititc cifttc lit, itfi vg mmm
ceeiR, % o8-s\r ; (1) fi. tififiim, tirni, i f . H. it?t Itm fici n t cit, cintei-itf 'a iteif i t ? t
Andreasyan, t ^ H ^ l i f e e % % fee-iivs ; ( b - ) Melling,
c?fiitf? f i c i Golden Horn ite? ?f|f mite (ff
Voyage pittgresque de C., Paris 1819; (5) J. von
itftf) I t e i I t f i e i lifv8 n t i f ? e l nfici ititen cmti
Hammer, ConstantinopoUs und der Bosporus,
i i 3 n t m fici wtitcitif i w ifR it 1 ififcf? mi
11, Pest 1822 ; ( i o ) m. ?fti, fi?1t-t tfllfl, t ^ H ^ I
i i 8 ft. ; ( i i ) T. Gokbilgin, In IA, art. "Bogaz-lcl";
ite 5m ifnt <[gf m f i w i i i mfft m ifim c i i i 1
I U c? I i i cwit i f l i ifîta mt fiit it cisfi itc^ci
( i ^ ) wfifRe? ifnte is>8i-8s> i t n r t f i i t f i
cufstdfif ? s ^ fifi R?4hifi] I i ^ i / i b - i iei f i H i i tum ii'>ii, ^ m f cicn-mit i i ^ i 1

tfen I t i m n f f i ? itifieii 111 i n t fisf^ ifimf if?tifea ^mi=f? ifimi i f i i t i H ? f ^ ifim ?fit
c i i t c i ntfi fiiten iîf iui i c n ntfnfnititea im itci"s mit im m C I , if ^^m i c i t it 1 fi
fit i c n (cm f i m 01 fitif iRitflm tuifieine I t e i , io8vo/itovovo lien ifîtes i.0,000 mtff ^ti itm
mlei?e?fie) 1 fimfli [itf? cecifi tim ciieiei irf 'a Knolles
( i ) ifiiten i t i t i T j ^ (Generall historie, London 1631, 47) Se?t
n ?iff< n ifi vg snu nci? ^sff mtf? >iit fifimen, "iie?? n-ffmti" ioso/itotooitenifîtcs
iic? i i ? t iflfit'Q ift?m ici ii?ftfiien imtfwi iic?? ^-fmti fiit itm fimfli, fc? itut fli 8 , 0 0 0
tntf Riem
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tmi?TtftF'
m I iio8/itoio I t m ? t m man ib-H w t w ' nfifi, ifeft ?5f?e mim i ^ i < m? it, m v a m ' i itti i f c i , ^
Clf5 nfifi, ^,<i8 '^ft 1? vQ i , i 8 t o ft C l f i t l ffwT f i i t f l i (5. i t ? f % i f i e i vQ m fie it 1 finei ite?f ife?t
Cezar, 344) i i i 8 V i f e ' ^ ^ I t m itT?T i f m i n - i S i f t l n t i J i nt ?f irfîici f i e i i f i e it m tmm
(g. Cezar, 353-5), i i t o S . / i ' ^ t t t o l f d l l t l f m f a T l l m i w n t ? t 3 c n w u f i f i n m c n t i f?e im?m iitm
^ - Y o t i f t i (g. Mayer, 102), iiWi'^b-^ l t d ô,ooo wu mirtm mm 1 m ^ m fci i f ? m?t?iei m if^?ie^ -
m f f t n t i^8i/ib-w I t n i e n m f f f i t i t i i % ifei ftn fc n f i i t i mm ite f i ? mm mt u 1 wr n m
flfmn i t i f i f i i f m s i f i n w t i T fim ifvait fiiti? CI i m m fn? lift? fimtm mm m it m I
m ; ib-*8 vQ ib-b-(f[. imt? vsoft f ^ t e i n itm.ntu tit 'a 'ft itwm" fH? n m v Q i r m f n (twimmn, g.
cif51 if^mes ^^^,000 I t f t n t ifeib-[. n f t i f a i ipifî; fiem. vQitm) itf^ mi vg^jifi stffiifm 3 f m f e < n
i t s e i '^,ttoo m t f f f f f i t i ^ t i i t i t I t i I m ?}it? n f i i t i isfic it, '^t m f i f i m [. i f e i
mimn' s\-us vQ m f i e^mtîf in? tmipiei tifciit? n cm n ? leim i ? e # i >a
itift
ifrtmaifm i e i 111511m i m i t i i it i t i t ut 1 f < cut I
m m l i t n ei, iioVi^feo i t e i n f n mffe ei m i fimem mfif f n wtfiitft ' 2 i u n , cmmf vg
i f ^ Q i f t l t f l l t m o t I f 00 115 (vSJlf. .Ô 115 cwnfm Sn 1 mm W im? f f % m m i i (cieiif-
^"f-^gf) -êm i m fiit itilRi 1 fe^Vi(?i^ fei cieimei m m ) vQ mimf i t f t ? m T i i w ^ f i itwm c ? ? i e ?
CI i f ^ Q ititfii tm ifiife ien i m n t ciSfim fiHn mei fimtm mw i f ? i yyoo/ynyv mm m
ititfiitfli 1 .cf% ( i t ^ ) I t n nwi tnti iiimf?5?tf I t i f i i tff|ci
m m *itnten wr tmiei itm m m M n , i f ? t fiitn i t m >a i?mffi? i m i m , -Sm n t S n f
imfn vQ ^ s l t i f n n c B i f i t n iiimtwmiemmr H ? i i t f i n [ g. ( i ) m f i i , <M., oo<b; (%,) fiji-ceeifi-mei
?
fi^^ itif i e n 'vaiiestti vqi- iii=iif ^ n v s j t f ien wtfiitf ' m f i i , 1. ^(ê) I lit n i n m ie?t mm %:iifi i i i
t^5tfte? iiif^meai fnt m 1 itm n e i if^m^ iftei im n I iivoî'îfe l t d ffimfien nft n i i i i f ? m
n i c i t f t n f i m i ift, c m r n cimtfife i i t % mmem wtfiif cntmfif? iei itf^ i f ? m civam mi 1
cut fi, ntew? f i ^ % citm? icmâ f i f im f i t ^ i^br(f/ibrb-br l t d if ifiteic - i i i n i f ? m ffntf mfim
(g. osfvaei, i i i , % 8 ) I S m m i e n m cifftfi m?ff n n t i^feo/ibr'^vo n d f i i f i mm Hei mftf
m f irfwn i i ^ v Q Êij^ I ^l^vt Tf^m lii im n I if?t-fm m ? f i ? i m n ien m, ib-feo f
ifvamitt CI, CI mfiitftm i m i I t f i f fn I t e i ife?ti (g. cmTSfci, i f , ii'ô-iciife) I
m, t m t t m i fime? imm mHitei ( c m fe'^Vi*'5fe (T?) f f i i - i s t^fffi imn m f i i cemr ffiicm
i t c i s ' I f f f i w f - m i m , ir.; fiitnti, î, f 8 f e ) i I d a lenltH i f ? ? f n (g. M a y e r , 9 8 - 1 0 1 ; tftfl
m i n fici 1 cm if^ma iftei s%? m'wii, wtHifffm ffiff? liteim ffiim 4?Ii insfi? i u i , i'îi >a
mit, citmf-Iff va cwc^fii-itf fiewit i t i t f c i Siff ibrfe8 [.-iit? icm vbto m l i i i t n ffi?5m 1 ? ) 1 iofefe/ivbb-b-,
itfmtt i t s i fimtm mw i t n i5fiei 1 m ^ t f i m iibro/i'^vb^b VQ ibrfe8 1. I t m m ffiim itft (g. C e z a r ,
i # citim Siff I t f i i t f i m m ^ wiicn lemi 3 8 0 - 9 2 ) , vb v^mm-i, fei<Â^ mi^, iôfe itd n i H
m? w u I t n citittcn 1 ci n e i 'Ziuir va wntmi ci mtm f l ffiim i n mm i m ien imi ifim
ftm! fi m m m m ^ u (ci m c m m Itfim Itfim mm iRmfli 1
f i i fim n r i ^ it?tf|=i t i t m fiici wtfim w u . g. i ^ f i t f i i i i cit ititei 'fgi fimei' (CJ-1-JLJ ^^J<)
Cezar, 330, n. 6) I I t m t îmt it mmt 15f mil ifim Sell ?5fi?ten 1 c i v a m i e f i ? 's?m i # n , 1 f m
m fie itfi mit itm fim cm nfwi ifm:i, ciegeie f n n t iffm m, iofeH n H i ^ ioôH mf * i t i itm
va mm cmmf m i f ? i i citm w t i i t e itst? it, fif m ; f i l e ? i t i J t f n itfitfii <^,ooo ite ivo,ooo wi 1
c n t c i v a i e n m mmt m itt m 1 ifrtmea? ic? itu mmif? fcn i m n ( c m ' ^ mff) cif i f i ^
va 11 fiiti m f i i m cnt fi 1 wt g u f i i v a ^ mt, n I ?5ii5 w ? # 5 t n fiiii va fifiiten mw i i m 1
n ien, cm mm itm it^îf cm i w i t g i it 1 citwu tmfm i H ifnt? itc "iiiwi if?m cm
c m iifevb/i'^brîteiifjtmeai i e ? ? i c m cm?f ^ a f m i , mim ' m v a ? t f i i ? # m civam n n t cim iutu f t i
t?fl t P T t f i i i c ? mtm Sfimfii (g. Cezar, 365) 1 liin ite uu G!tf? I t e w ? C l f l itueu n ; (ifueitf ite
f i iflm 'sf mffvQ fffm m i?ft it ci, *Rti m itm 10^^,000 vg -gfciH ite ^fe,ooo), liitmn f i l k n mw g^
c i d v 3 CTsHe^ m? ? m ?m mt^ m, ^ n c i t s f i t p s i t m 1 = n i m n (g. Cezar, 283) 1
t n t f fiicm
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t ^ H ^ t At t ^
???tft9ft ^ XR^RSTT^ 6|?AlS tA^t I tC?t RC? A ?

R t f t f ; R A t R i f ; WA-'tM^'tJP? i C?? JJNWTT W t f r o t tAt? RAlRft sfTRtrt ^lTfttC? ?R?TR
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4tWC4 S7ltA SfTO 4 A t 3 ^ (g. l i f t s . t T O f f w , Dumbarton 'S ATARtftCiTAC^ A R f t ^ t C ? f ? C t ? t C ? SRtA SftiR ?5C?R I
Oaks Papers-ii) sf^lM, A - A 8 t , A l - 8 { 9 ) 1 CttRtR f M t f t t t C 4 f 6 1 t C ? ? f f t t f R AT sTSft ftRtC? ( t t ^ ,
b-Wi8(?(? RTCTO WtftAÂlftA f S A s f A T E WtAt TO'CT,, f R , ' S A t ^ f R ) W t C t t f C t ? attRlRC <lt?ICt'5t ? J ? ^ 4 ? t C ? T
C^tSft-^R, RtA^TO, W I ^ / A 1 % 4 M thrift AftC CT AS AtAlC tpRt? R ^ WlAAR 4 ? T TO I i o R / i M tCS5A RCAJ
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tAl?t ACR RCR tRlftAt ptAl%T, t A RiAtCSC (CAAA ttR4A TOtCt? A^^tl^f W?t ftltftR ( g . 'S. m. ?t??ftR,
M Rc<ft=1t ft? R t W t R RtAtCS) W t T O Rtft? ^ C CRf?5 Ikt. Fak. Meem-iil s(4t1% , i t , i f s S o '^j. AJ> t . ) 1
WtRttSt (Silff^ ^ RlAt^C Cft?ttt' 'S CTO^ ^ftCWt%5 {9o8/i8feV RtCR ig^p?? ? T O T * ? iiboft ^trCR? RCAT ( l i l R R t f t
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e f t '5Atft?tCt? afft >j=t*-|cHI '54lt'Wt AT ?s? WtC?tt At f ? R ) r % r ? ! ? R t ^ CWCRCW ?T#? ?R Atc f ? 3 R T t ?
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ilft5. T * t l t f b 4 , % af., A 8 A - 8 ) I Wts[. bô/iS^C? RTCR Sf^9)C^ C 4 I ? t r ? ^ t^StfCR AtR ^f? R t ) I
?3CAft Atc W R F W R ? . t I R t f f W ? s (flt RAC? ARATCR5 f?ftf "^^sft êCTR 4 R CRtTOS WT?t AtillM lAtC??
ATA^ ?3?tC?t AS S t t f t C t ? ( R t M ) 8Aft tR?l<IC4 RTsttftTO m^ tM( PtC5 c ? ^ ? T A t R tef. ( i ) A . M. Schneider, in
ftft^ AtftC trft^ CT'STTt A 5 , C R t R A R t f t ?t%4fRC?? BeDeten, xvl/61, 4 1 - 3 ; ( A ) t ? t R f t 4 , % 4 . , % A L - B -
^ R R R t ? t t t1?TTt ^ M At? ; ftsfttAA Ob-ft A t | F tfil?tAC4 ; ( v s ) Jorga, Byzance apres Byzance, Bucharest
Ctt f t ^ F ? t?l^ R t A t ^ ?tftC A t R ?sftc CffSAT AS, C f t R A 1972,48-62}?
R t f t tT?ftRtCtTft?t Cf4?ttC??^ ^RRRtRtt tRJ^ \nfa/}iSdh RlR ^ CJFT4tR WtRtRAT ^ C W t C ^ t ?
AS I TAf ^t?t ' i l f ^ W , fttCAt^ Q i 4 4 N t tTtft t t R ê^ lt?s AT?RtftttC?s, b-ibS/iSibo R t R C ? t f ? ? t , tTtRR, CRTOR,
Wtt ? 1 f f c t ? C 4 RJÂPT ^SC CfSAf ^ I t t C g t R , RtCRtCSR ^ t C ^ t t C ? s , }rb(t/i8b^ RtR Rttt^lR?
W i T O AtAtm WPstM t A K ^ RCAf ft^T lAf^ C t t t T O A t c . # 4 t t C 4 TO? BR'BL/i8'B R t R W t ? C t T ? ^tc ^ t t C 4
A R R t f t t t , CSR? R ^ , A M I A S I f f t >ffA? TAf W Mf? WtAAR 4 ? T ^ I B - 1 0 / i 8 ' B B - - B - 1 { B / i 8 1 8 R t R C4tft?t, RtCS^pft,

t?l^lt4t? ' S A t f t - t f i C A W I C F T t A t ^ f t CRtCÂt (WtftRtft, Wt^RtAlA, l i R t f t Atc "SRIRR, l t ? s W l < l f t t C 4 Wttt AS I
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^ t ? 4 f t s (?ft\a ?af?>8 ^sR'S # 4 t t , T I t f f t t TO^ ^ p i f t A t t C T M f t A8<>) C ^ f t "Cfiti||'sl"-iil t l R ? t ^ A A (Foca
mm lil^t AC? APf^QiStC^ (iram CffttftStC^; bô/58(?(? itc W t t CRITOA", Midilli Wtt C R t T O ? " tTtft) I
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AtR 4 f t s ) I ftAsliC^ CSf^ TO CT, S^ W ? C ^ ÎtAlCstPtlUc t f t f t ^ T O I ioR/iiJjR t C T O RT?rtRtf?t RRCA? ^ A f "ilt
W ? ? R f t A t R t t ftT, R t ^ W g 4CA4n> Cfft^tR ftR, M t Cra(('.{)|vofttl$4 "9 t l R t t ? 1 ? f t ^ > f 4 R t A t C ^ R C ? T ^ t t A t
tlSttct? ? t R ^ t ? s f t (HKMASTEIY) R ^ t f t s p ^ , tft^tf^. t C I <IJ?ft ft?TO ^5tC W t ? t TO CT, A 8 f t OSiRtRtC C ? f 5
t R R t f t^'^C^R
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<^<^<^tt wtci%r i f e m % (itnc, ciffurt, I n t i , i t i c i l n , t??f F 1 1 1 t i Q F 5 L F O ? f?Hf vitltit ^^c cm=w?ci

titfi f R itc I T T ) y,8ho H I T F F tfnti Hi itiit?ttft|d?i?tii?ftmfHmniic?i I îmtfi
(ItHit, itMtHit, t S H i t tTtH f t i ê I T T ) I mf?m itc (too tf?m fifiH itf% ci?i ic?i (G.
n f u m m v a i t i H u t i f i itc wtit I t i c i , i t l t n t f Schneider, p. 44; BRS.8/I8BRS. ltd? fmm film itc
iiftcitf 113C1 iimttmt I t f f 11 I t i i H , - ^ i - i t f mt m C I , m m t i itc cif? mmmf tfimm i t i i t
mtcic f i l l , I t i f 1 1 f i H i t i I t i isHs, I t ? ctlisjcii fll mo, G . m?iti, c?it:td?-iii iifii, i/1,1. ov, tfiii
m t ? l H m n siHit ( I t f i t n t f ? c t t f , 'itcsfcitt f i t ^ ^ ) I cm, ififi ifiî tif itc i 8 s > ^ % f?tf
I t f i ) st?ti I t f f 11 I t i i H I C i t e H itc i t i t i t i , mfftici 'Smfit.fiHm i l l ifimi?, ?sd t??f
m t i t , t i f i tJtH f t i itc I T T m cgRcil-*t V3 i i t i t f - t imeHc iic?? itffrnitUficit ^ m (Von Harff,
itc I T T f i i H i t H l c l ? ifsra ttâit I t i I p. 244, tifcn I t u t o t o , o o o ?fim 15m ifimen) i i i
t f t f c i i]ttitci c f s ^ r ^ i i w n i H i n m tc? cifii (itfi) f?f? itc ^001? ivamt? i t ? i ^ ( G .
i n l i f t ^jnwtc?? s t n stwtwf? i t i f t H i i i i?t 1? n t if itit, ff 1,1- 'ô'^) nt iticm itc m mpi
11?H? 1 ^ ^?51? I BR<î/i.8to l t d ? CTTCT i C I i c i t i it?t (too 1? citi m n (nmSfe f i m fttmi tiicii? icm
?t?t ic^vg b-brVi8'\<^ l t d ? m i ^ i t f itc w i t it? ( G . mtiCi M T ^ mmci iTt?cmfiH i m ?mt) 1 c?ic2|
ctt?lf I t l t H l f l n^ttit?, H fefi-^8) C I , ' 5 I T F I t s t ^ H i ifnm mm fimim itm mti mffw
t f ? fiitittim? m t u l i c ? i ut?t w i ? i i H i s mfim itmfm mffe (i??f m c?ieim mff) i f
fficn m?tt icn, cititn cnctm mueifi ifm
Sei[G. ( i ) Hammer-Purgstall, iii, 14; (^) Sfim?fiH,
liftH 'Siitfimt tHH, V^l. oiii; () U. Heyd in Oriens ;
F F I I too% vi, 306] I fmm Sdiemu m inH cm^ mnen itu
FIICIt^ 5tcei ji><^b-/ieHo I t m i n cm ^^c fimf ififcmen
ITFF i,TO8H ii mtu f i ? 3 I F I F ? f?Hi ciei mfim m;3? ii,i 1 crnnfffiii
H I I T I Itien m m iftd i i t i i i i itiiif^ cnmm? fmtiiici
t^t^ct? ^tcif ? ^.to iiein?iH^fifnfminntmifcmficnif?iem 1
it?iitci? m i f ? f l Ob-8 fisf tmm m fi^t m:iT f m mm ut n
twtf .fifiîitn mitcnci cim ^^c Hmff ifim cmr
1? (G. i?^ mmfHm, ieft) ['SiitHmt iHieaj muenci
I8,BROVS m it?tci n^^pff m fciwesti (it 1? fciwcwi ; G .
^ I t11tt Dozy, Suppl., s. V . sm fcnften 'mmnff G . A.
Hess, The Moriscos, in Amer. Hist. Rev.,
51H1 IHtH ixxxiv/1); turn l i d lificitci iiitme ci^ trsdt fiwm
fimfi^ ci^ eifiem fiwm mfifici i f irm i n (tn ^
5C?tf? <?fe^ mitftci m 1? 'mm wtHt; g. mficn wu, Beiin,
mif? 8 Histoire de la Latrnite de Constantinople, Paris
" 1894, 2i7);iircnmiienidtfid?eit'^%liHemf
Scswm fH ^mfn [ G , ( i ) Charrtere, ui, 787; (^)
l i m i t g ito, 0^8 Hasluck, ii, 727] 1
c? 1^ n? ^^: ntitn citi mmtm tmid n H
^luii, cicgci? 1I3J ?t ifititici lilt cift w n t U t ? ftiw? imft mm itmfn cit m r iien n H tHmi
I C U i?t f? u t I ? t ? i t i lilt itutci H i w n t U t ? n - lt?ilf|t d fim 'Smf ifiei=? f? nst f?U fli
i i 3 i t t i iH?t m it iiftH Ht^ tHwi iH?t citi iH?t ifim mm f? u i i i fif fiemm ês^" titm îm
mitl i % t m C ? , t f t f C I ? cift l H ? t f ? I S i l t f^ i , o o , o o o c?#i?en i H e?5^ i e 5 i f? Htten lesf t^?i|iei
it5itcwj?t i m m lei, nt n i f?ei?t cif? m
[g. ( i ) JESHO, l / I , 21 ; (;i) Schneider, % i . , p. 44,
fif-mficwj? cidt?ici iffl mfim itist itifu it
mitl f ? ? t c n ^-'\o,ooo m; () m c f ? 15m, tftifr iH?lfli ( G . T. Stoianovich, The Conquering Balkan
Orthodox Merchant, in JEH. xx, at p. 239) 1
t.H.<?/8e t m f fiiem
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itm itimt n fim nfm csft ifi i fiitfi i ( ? ( ? - i ( ? f e i , 1. i 8 ( ? ; (^) i^ cin, tftifi fmH, i i o o -
f i i n m wm tfm 'n^mfmr i^fjji fi^r; n !itm i ^ o o , f i i o , iv3i, ifefe ; (v3) mfi, 8 1 . , f iC!;o ; ( 8 )
fm% ifsjf mf m ^Tfi iHe mfi m I ifimn m ClCWCf, i f , % Odd ; (a) n . itieei, in TD, ix/13,
fifim iwmr mmm fiewm iiir cif m mirm 1-30] 8 ( i ) f m t m ifii? fcmi-fHm ; (^) if?
fieii mrrmi mrniiiff& n c i n m^ M i t m mtei Itwm fie it m [ff. i ? ^ f n c?iH n t (o)
cwm'miei iU im it, mirm imm ncsi m m ifi cnt?tftf? circim nt i n f i i m ne? c? c?mtf
n t ficwm wâffi? mei if?f& it i cit mmit i i m cmfii-t it^ (mmm i t ) fi îtei i < mm if?
fif^mmitlfe imi diieim:i cwm'mi;ei mmmtei nt i??f itei mmm cie?e?fiii cm uwm tTtH
mfiiff^ im ififei? irff ifimfiien i ^ f < F im itm if? if? cit l i i Himn fli m (5. tmifsi,
it m I b-b-Visii mm mnoitffe cut mi ci, mfm itmemtemm, cncim-iii i i t f i , ^î., 0 - 8 ) 1 liit m
itmmm cwm'mm:i iu mm itmei, b-^s/iavfe
f n cgf? mifiii ifm? S n ^ liiititifci fiewm_
mm icm mitcimii m*fW ifntfiicn mmt liiiemci rniffi Hiti iflm it?tf%T (iim mfi irm lir^ litirmc
im itmci; cit i m me^mr itc mmmff ;ff13. c?fi?5, tftifT fmH, i<?<?v3-fei, f. i 8 o ) nt i i m
citicncit 5 cwm'm?iei mfimf^ im mr i i i i / i i i fe? tfm cim? ititf m mm? itntft lintme ?n
ici c^fec^ itirei irff ic^ft f i f i i cwm'm mfimf^ n,
ific itci (Sic?ff.)1 ieiiefie i n immfii ?ien
mitemi im mr "cmm itc mi, mmm itc mi,
c?n mm-iiti m fif n f j fi?tw ift cit imm n
nm itc mi" n t *(fim cmt ifi ci, mum i n
c?f itUi cm if? ^fim mfi m, iie^ t n iffm
5tct m m ? # 5 r t f l i (ff. n . mieei, tmii mt^f
Sfi I i o o < j - / i a - f e i ! ^ i o i J 9 / i i j i o men cwitf citiemen
ctT#ffi-ciiiPr, i i i , f iito-^8) I cwm'mefiiimfli
ne? fwm fwm iHm iittm tftfci iffim itjm itmfli
irnegefii ICI fifim mt iim f^ cmi iti itm (mmn
Itfen nfifm ifirtmi mei) f n m^ mteie ifli
(^îteift? iflm?t itfimfii So,ooo (?),ff.Polanyall
it I litt CI in%tti TSFiiftm fnitiien icm im Simeon'un Seyahatnamesi, if. H. Andreasyan,
Istanbul 1964, p. 4 ; Sfm mnttid m mnci ie?
ff mwff n, f i f mffen cmjzt mit n t?t %? (ff. u
fiw fiw mifrn Ci? itittm cmn mr) I
Heyd, in Oriens, vl, 30514) 1 tftfi i f ? ^ c? wifmm? fimimt cmf fli mirt
i o i / i M ieii iiitci i f n wntUt icit ^ im lei, ciim neit m i fn, i i t f f cm?s ci^ fli m i
ît mf iiti iltifi mci I mi c^fw^tîfi ^tc ?f? ^ftiii^ mtfi?5te?t ftm^ miviHitfl cmenci
cut im m , liifmm, fnt, itmm, cmfim, iteie?tt, mfiii, it?mi ifl, fif^ fitfimum itc m i^ m im it
itmm, m f i (itm i i i t c i ) itm êvs mmi mmn mf itet f m f m citei? i^ itfm it ( n mf^-
iimfilf itfim nf K'ti ifntfn ; f i f iim wntur fmfi?imf itct îfi?5 n f m citmi um it) i
^ itmfn iigtcwm iciHf iflff lamrnefi itc mi ciegm it^m i iffimgf.itc ^jii mfii rm
citim mm, ciiriim mi fimn m nj< f n ifnmt m ifl, idci nfwi m irm ciirm mw ii?m ffim
(mitenci im it is^-cit^ ficwm iimft mfm iim fiitf iftc itfi [ff.( i ) Rambertl, apud Lybyer,
itew? wm ^fim ifei i im f i mitemHrm nt nmfi 240 ; (^) mmm, in IFM, xxiii, 281] i litiWI ficif
(fien iHm mimfim) ite liit m cit^ if?r mfim i i t i iiciii iftmflm m, i i m fitfiimteH ?H m
fff, fHmm, citim itfit, fitiitim iimff., ciffsmm irfi e? if^mfenci mr liici i i m ciri nte it
2 t f i i flitei itw ifie itci I
(ff. Demschwam 67) i i o c j . i j / i ' J s i l fei I t n t m It^lil
f i M iei l i i 'Simfi iient wntur mmnmei (fie) m mircmfime citicmi fH me? n m ff?
h r o % ^ im (ff. mnm, f. i.', % i,<t-oy) nt tftfci itmfn m, iciiH i m m mf m? m frm m
m wntut ffim f i m cmf fn i i m f i itmmH I t n t m 1^ iHm cmsm ite? nt iciei fitfi?ifmeH n
nei i f i i ? imfii wntUt "^fn fimm ie5i itc i ?^ iHm cmt n (ff. Sfm, mmfm m fimHi, i.
^^m (ii^ mf i e ^ inôa/H^v itei n i w ^ ^ i i c i ifi) I it^tm iici n tfifci #m itei n t cmei mmt
mfim n m iflm n t mmm fiH^ itwm i ^ f c i ? immci Sntfiien wm icit Se^gwm fH me? ( f l f ^ ne?
^ t t i l f l m t fn (ff. I t n m , innt^, % i <m m lilt irsiici? Itur n <t-\r,ooo) i i ^ m H f i a immiii
i t m : i citiwi im liirnm ?tc tmii iicit fim iimi ific n n?t m m fH iH, fien iHm mitim mmm
it? iHi cieH fii lilt [ff. (i) lii. c?fi, tmm mmH, mrtc? mme? mHm ^ t i m fi^fT cifi^ (g. lii. t?f<f<p,
tmf fliem
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Contents
ISTANBUL IN A B O U T 1500 A.D.
B 6 S P H O R U S
Socoy B u n I ]
N A H I Y E S
I |fO Sclin
II M o h m M Poliio
III Vkl Poijlii
IV Ibiniini P n i h i
V Mlln UrmM
VI Ebu 1-V*(S
VII M l B n M*^miii*d
VIII 'Ali l><qlKi
IS M u t l i l Poibo
S DSrlM Paiha
XI Kodjo Muiloia f o i J w
XII Topkapi
f
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(?to
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C?M, %>t., 'J. b-o-ioe) I ( 8 ) AtAtei? Wf??tfRttC4

ifltAit ftett CtÂt AACT,tAr?ff ct? iiie?s wte?? TOtwact?
TO^ 'jf CT, CTTO4t? ^pfftttCT?ft^cot,t^lfCR fAAC? M?T S f T O ?5C? (g. lil. C ? M , % at., % i 8 ( ? ) TO?
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teR teR ^3Met?e4 WT?T A t ( g . ? t ? ? ^ , Annales-iii f f a A f A t t r o W f s c ^ R4R ^ Ate we?4 wttR??5tft
|?5tM, i&ibA % i l t , . ioS>br,iioe) I Rt[c?? ccS t^lttct W t M Rtet (g. lii. c ? M , ^stA^t AfRfft,
4 t ^ ?e? ^4f?e? CT, iit W T ? t T t M s T ? W f M f t i i o o - i A o o , ^ . b - o - i o e ) , liltSit RACt? ttWftAR t f ^ A t M
e t T O TOTO? ^ At S ( i ) ttf? TOAAtA ^^FCAt wap^R Atst i S ) i A % A5|4tR - p t R t ? ^ TOC? I
tfê'SM, tlAT TOAATA f A f ^ ?5?t'8 12FC3tt C ? f t ? s 1 ^ AtAt (t) l^*lplitt

tfeM TO? #???t!TO ATA's T J K ? t AtfeM [ g . ( i ) t^l|C5i?wtRMtte4 i o o i / i e ! A R l c R ^ cg%:f?^
eîtiPi-Pl, j. (A) cAewes, i t . , j. i o ^ A l i (A) M f m ?!?t AA S ^ (?iR), W t e ^ , ?T|f, ? s t ? l R t ? # , tTRtT^ 2FT^
t T A ^ l i R t t t M t f e M I C T O A t c t t TO W f ? . t T t
lil??, tttt!? I f t (g. lil. C?M, t i S H l t AlAtft, i o o o - i i o o ,
fFm tAC? #-t?stf, '5|?-tT?tM ^ titcfAt ( g . 'A. c ? f M ,
'J. 8 ) l?iC*lTWAtT*[We<i^f?tWt?WgRtff,WleA%!f?twt?
t^TOlpt A t ? t f , i(?(?vO-S>i, ^ . i 8 ( ? ) TO< W f ^ t t C Q ? t5?t ^
w^pnft A t ^ ? ! # w^pnftttt R?4iffteA f t f M I
^ t f 5 sftAt At I ( ) t^StfCR C ? 4 t ? 'S ? t C ? Ctl^Ch? R ? t l t
R t ? c??te5T? fe? liiTOta! c?rrTO ? 5 T t t M ??Mlf M
^ ttte tte^, fiietteft Ate 2ft t t r o t ? t M t ^ s ?5M
b-b-o/iS <\(t RTCR ? t ^ Ate W t M tf??t?R^ (WtCR%Cff?
TO I l i l t TOSR ^ ? C t t f?f^ R A C A , M t ? 4 M C?!t? TOft,
RA?te?t tAtCti? CAfS t M ? R?tTt M A ' b l ) , tAfeff?e4 lilMR
W f ? t ? t 9 ?t t1tTttr?? t C ? ? s t ^ t t T O t l i i t t ? A T A ^ } A t
?tf#S f?C4tRtR f ^ 'S C ^ Ctft f t w k R C f R?.ftt
?5e?? 8 ( i ) w M M 2gfA?5?tt ctCA? cttRCAtet? atTO ?s|?tA?it
M , l t C4t? lil^f^ M t ? lAC?!? RC?I AtAlAT tÛpT tAC? ? s M CtÂt AA I t A S f f ^tCR tAt?t R?n?lt tlRTTC ^fRAt
WtffAtM A T O , g t A S ? ! ? ) tAtCii?C4 tt4TG ^ M t A ^
CtCR t? CTt f5t#fte4 R R M T A i t t i g M <P?t AA lilA? RtA?s?t
5te ttft? ?#?T oi'SAT ^ I w5pitfcA f^4et?c?s Ate?! ?sAt AA Att^g^CA C't'CVft WtCtt (iovObr/iÂ! RtCR) 'Q 'aTOtt?
A t C 4 ? M M 5 ? f f W ? T t ? I tAC? R t A t M f t W ?sf?e C(!V3?t WtCRt. ( i o e o / i ^ 8 o Rtc^t) [g. Belin, % s t . , 112-19] I
A t [ g . ( i ) lil. C ? M , % St., ^. i 8 ( ? ; (A) i^ C R t ? s , t ^ l | R tAt? t ? Ate ? 5 I t t M ftWt [ A t 3 I t T R T t C t M , ?i|ft
AtAtf, i i o o - i A o o , i i o , i v o i , i S ) 8 , ifefe ] I W t T O t % ^ Ai?t c ^ f t ? M t ^ ? M AS I w t ? ; ^ t t e 4 ttRttet
? t C ? C g % C^TtCTOf C A C A ? i i S v o / i l v O o RtCST? tTtiSlAT t 1 % I - t t f r o t ? WgRft StRR 4?t AA 8 tAfet? Re*IT f ^ l R?,tT?5 CRf?5
lii? fAcgtcA S t T O f f A t t t t r o ^RslfAt, c ^ ? t ? c t tAte?? A t ? % ifet tC?!? S f t R f 5 f t ^ R 4 fARtCA A T ? t t C v 5 ?

f % r a ? 5 c ^ g A ? f f 5 } ^ t ? s ? t ^ R t M ( g . lil. c ? M , t^lAipT ATARTtt^tCt Attes ?t% A t ftRCStg? t t C < ?T?Rt ^ ?5C?
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Cgtf t ? f t ^ 5 } ^ t ?SAt A t A t M CT, f A t g t AiRC?? AA (g. cAcweg, i t . , bsh) I
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A t f t ? 4 M C f S A t ^ ^ C A lit?? t ? 8,000 5ric<p A f ^ f ? ?s?f AA ? # S C t t f t M tAC?? RTAt?T S t f R , C T O ? - A t R t CWRt
( g . ^ f t . A t . , ' J . -bvo) 1 (A) C?st? ATf^ ?fw A l A R f - C T O R f T O liiA^ <*ifiil*i a t t T % ? i C 5 i M M I w ^ t M t t RtTOt ftcsfCff?
^4tew t ^ t i e R wtfRC ^ t M ^ ^^7:r wtet tAte4 c t t ? i t ^?f'ttTA? RtAtCf t i ? ? # S , lAtet? SfeT4 AAttRft? f?w?
s t c A t w M r o ftte? ^ t % ^ 4 t f ? 9^ Ate w ^ [ A f t 3 t t A t ft^ At f^lRftt A T M I t ' t M t t ftCWet? lilRTtt? fc?
?5f?e A t lil?? C?!t? S t C A t W C t t ? t w ? l % ?ii?t t s c ? f w^ttrotte?? ARft ^ t ? ?sf?c ftc w%f st4tt ? # , tAfe
?? ?? Ate t t M ?t I ( v o ) ? M t C R t T O A , M t ? ?5M tAt?t f?csfct? i f -a fffffft ttRC? w ^ c?t? 4 M (g. lii.
iil-Ctt^Ct? A C t ^ W T t t ? f t W t ? # T O W?T f?f5 ? 1 ^ 'Q C ? M , t t R ? p f AfSTft, i f f f f o - i f f f e i , ^. 8b, 8 b - , do, ( ? A ;
?te?? te?t t t R ^ t ^ f e ? R ^ ?tftTO ata^ ?sAt aa ( g . 'A.
iooo-iioo AS> ; i i o o - i A o o , i o , brir) I
t t R t f t f?tC4t?
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fitn itiittinen itu i^tîi i r r n i t f l ic1fîi, mmfiil vs mff iici mîFci f i
i)wii<i i t t W 5 t tilt Sti w , trnfi c n 'iim^tcit m^ uttBiti, iteifi ijtt5mi vs i m m#i ifffi ititm
fitii i n n nt n îiiii itu tifticn ^ i c i I t i t m ties m ttciici ficinf im ^ 1 ifm iHtt
itcmti tiHg t i f i t i c i * ( fnm cimit i # c n nt m t mwt Hw fiw i T ^ i timti?; m m n m mtim cfi
i5tkn [itimt ? i f i i T c i t n c i t i t i s f . ( i ) cw^swo, il., % iti (g. i i ^ ties ; i i f i ) 1 f i ittHmi's m tm:iH
iHH ; (i^) c i c w c g , ii, (. (jcô ; () lii. c?1w, t m f i I'lntf i n ^ n ifwticn ^ m iitfim it ificn
fitt, i(K?iS-fei, (. 8 l , <?i ; i o o o - i i o o , (. Cô, <?Ci ; (g. lit. c ? f i i , iioo-iC!.oo, f iv) IH1W1 i f i c?ttmm
iioo-ic^fes., f i v c ^ ; tfit citm -Btfc I t t i m It It i n iitw?ifiii m (i<tfb itci tif cntt itc m tifcn
115^ iHc itHci I t ; ( 8 ) i^ c m , f . f . , i<^(^^-s>i, f 80, C I I f f [tit c i i i t i (Hticii) i m ifim ci it iHc
do; ic1tlf^tci t i t i ICI cit?il t i w t t t i i t cut; (a) i t l , tit fim 1^ iHcn I cm mw titcn cntei
cm, f. i . , i ( ? ( ? - f e i , % 8 8 , 8<i; i i o o - i C ^ o o , (. b - i , nit^ ific mHci imtci fitm tiic5 m m iHc

i j ; ntigmiHc itticiit; (to) i^ c m , f . f . , j o o - i i o o , i t (g. H. ^mfif, cififm, tftui ifeio (. itoi)
f 8fe] itif5itifitctifiHiien2ttitifn's'*i3Fm nt imt fitici ifcmi itm: iftici ci, fH cn
mtm stmt ftt, c m ^1 ffmm itici nif< f l t n cift;^ ifim m icn [ f i ijt%timm wm g.
i n <J>ratm tin (f. tltlfsi, in Dumbarton Oaks ( i ) S. Runciman, The Great Church in captivity,
Papers, 240-9), cflfn ipgîcn 1 (fe88/i<?l, Cambridge 1968 ; (^) H iJt^-tlH tiwtltf, f?!?-'^!
feis>/i<?ii, i o t o t o / i t o e e m), iofe8/itov Itm m ifm iitfi, ii., % hoi-ov] I
\3 ^ m^sjef >a ib-C!.i f f i c n RcttH I lilt n Soawmi i^d/ib-i m i w t t ^ M im 8 0 H f
tiwttli, 11^
i
I t i t f t nt c i t ic:^ itrfmai i t i t ifiRi i t f m fiwen m i tn 1131 vsH (Sclmelder-n itci CiteH?

t i i S i f f ftci ntwi t i i t i tJtti mtci i f i t i i i i f m itim tfiit itimci, Byzanz, 38-40) 1 few itif ntt iic?
tilt Itfit S i f i >s citc^ n Itt? îfnff l i j i t m p ^ ilt n fiwf H ifim ttHm itfie ite? -^t i^ m Sitf^
i n civaitci? itmtti l i i m i c m n ifir Sntft n ititHt n ififff? lemwn vs inemu utut fim
(f. lit. C?tfil, tm|1 mtf, i o o o - i i o o , f (Jvs-S) I wm memmtnm litiH mit iî im n ci, Smt c r m
infici-mm ci 111 fifii ififii irmf itm4l if?ylH=1 [g. ( i ) tmitsi, in Dumbarton Oaks,
m i i f m m ? n t Hnt fiti m tiifl it, fm m m Papers, 233; (î) Runciman, 153, 157, 199, 204;
i t i t i t f i i # f i i c s f t i t s f i f i 1 igitiiim i t n ciâit mffm fim g. (vs) 13. c?tii, tftfi miH, iioo-i;!,oo,
n i 1 t i f i mnlit t i n t n ; t f itt n ^ i f ^ w t 1. ivs] I
ufîcnvs mcli t i n t n nt i c f i f i iii5>s c i f i i t f f ijt%rtfei tien Itfif m mu im n m, tmt im?
itcn CI, tntci CI m i f t ^ m tim'iftitci tf cmm f i ifimHicn Ht^ cmitii timti? wm iff itfien
i f i f i i l c i ? C T C I I t m t i itcci I I t c w t n m ififii nt ?#? ciimm itc Ift ntew? Sn itiHite? ( I t i f * )
ifiitfiim i f I t n t m i t s j i i , " i t c w f - v s m m f it it?mi m ^zFcit i f i i ? Itwm itemi im itc uei n fmen
c m s mt c i t n t i i t ^ i n w ^ i iti nt ItHf it?>3 mtfm m I irt^miiinen c?mimtm
tfcnci ?m ifi [g. ( i ) Demschwam, 116 ; (^) C I melt ^2Rm i f nfiimitfitc itei (Logothete-len
Charrlere, ili, 262 ; () lil. C ? f i l , I t f i f f i l , in Edeb. itmtimg. lii. c ? f i i , iioo-icôo, f ivs) 1
Fak. Medjm. ix/2, doc. 11) 1 I f l f i l i l , t i m ifiit
i1titite? fim ?i?mitt? itmm? cn mstie
imtcttim itcifiii, f f f Itff m ifiotci i t t i cniiifmfli "Smf i f i c i t i t l e i n i e n wrt
n I itift * ) f i mcw?t fiw? tit itit ic^'s tftii i m i
iwi ie? [g. ( i ) Jorga, Byzance apres Byzance,
itisffi t?t W\ f i f n t mfSifii vs Ititfwi fciti-ffiit
, vs litm itci wm i f i H i iHitfmvs m t n fffcn it repr. Bucharest 1971; (î) T. Stoianovich, f. i. ;
citm iHs n t f n mn ifi 1 f i i f isj=ci itm tmfm (v5)The Greek Merchant Marine, 1453-1850, mff.
f f tm vs cm-itftj itutifci? m itif n [g. ( i ) S. A. Papadopoulos, Athens 1972; ( 8 ) A. E.
W. Hasluck, Christinaity and Islam under the Vacalopoulos, Origins of the Greek Nation, 1970
Sultans, Oxford 1929 ; (c^) n . ffiimH, Istanbul 77; (a) tmiHi, in Isl., xUii, 153-5 ], C i t fiT
Folklore, repr. Istanbul 1972; (o) c m , fll if??eitltmiftfli (g. Runciman. pp. 180, 394) 1
itcicifi c timmitii, tmii ifeso 1.; (8) m. t. citg, tifm ?#? fiititf itwifs? e i f f^f I t i fitcn ifnte?
t m ^ mfncitciffi, ft-l 1 tn, f^ mm.va ^ f m mm ttf? cf-mtiewm fcmi-
t m f tifem
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Contents
Oho
ffimaH tfif m ?#?rT n m Tf W n m mi titm tfiiii ifimm m nt m|t?'ilfHvs fi?3i m

m f m I S i t i mmt tnat ifis i iif^rrtit? f n cufci [g. ( i ) cwvsn, i i 1 . , % i\r; (i) White, iii, 188, 287] i
( T s m n liimtt tisffif f i *iR)<sti ifntm S>n n, mmt ?jt^ mfii ifl?t?aH iifHuit vs mrif? imtHiici fi?ai
mm-iffiwj vs tfmfi mw mt mur mt nt iff? ific C 5 f ifIci n mrw? irm fici vs micmm f f t
mnCT,mmt flm mfm% itgtfTm ff?m iflmifs? n (g. H. G. O. Dwight, Christianity in Turkey,
?tin; ficwm nr itc fimm fSfini fnt ^ wrffn London 1854, 131-2) i tsin iitifii fiiltfw?
ifm mf%5 fi?t, ftvsmm i m cmtfn n ifim? ifnt iie,i?m m?ci wiicn irm f f iicmm f H n, n
nt i i i / i i i i m i cifnc? cmtft fipflc? fifip iffi?t mmt iiob-/ivi3feto Itci? m f f nm? g ^ ?jcim ?T?ft iî
cit im? vs mm i f ? v s ff% ific nm ^ i mffmci ific mm n [ g. o>) si. c?fii, tmm m?tH, i i o o - i ; 5 . o o ,
tmn? i?T ^ct cmtitfmf vg^tfnt? i i ? ^. '^.i, vo;^, Od, ibo; (i) CWvsn, C i i . , fevo; i i i . br, vog] I
(hospodar) fit?fi i?t it \5. ( i ) Jorga, % i., 226-47; fif mif icfvs m, ficn iflm ?mTJT fiH? meifim
(^) J. Gottwald, Phanriotische Studien, in fifim liiiH iitifii (Uniate) nfw i i i m , ib-^to
Leipziger Viertelsjahrschr " Sudosteuropa, v itmsiff ifmf (fff, 'J. iHd) ffm itut f^ i,ooo
(1941), 1-58] I i v a v o f mil1fftr fljs? t f t f l / l (L. Arpee, The Armenian awakening . . . 1820
ficic? I t i J t f^ do,oso m f?F? I 1860, Chicago 1909) i ib-vovo f mi^lff ifitf ^fg^
<pi<iiiiH ^^c oifi m i icf^ fll ffmumff, tftsm iteif? fieae 8br,ofefe wi f?Fm ifimf fli i
f i r?t ifcif wffi m (f. Demschwam, 52), mifcnci f i m cm fitmm itim ciimei tfffci )>,b8'{ n
f i iTf@?tci? ?sftftci civsm itmfii, fi? titm nft ?tff m ifl (Sm g.) i Sfm i m i m n m Hmi
f^ fsicir? Mitr itfim sfi i i o i / i M ici? mmtfir
nc? mmt c?fiicic nf iHmfli, Hf n itf m fii fll iflt?ii 8 fiwm m mmm ffi fn mmt; CT m
c?f m ir? <iic?ifi?i cbcif? cicnCT,n mmt it?fmfc itmtfci 'if?n ste mmtm citmsm mme n imem
m if?cfli, i n cmsmn? fc? vs mfic? mitm m itmfn mmt; mimf vs itmtf ntew? m^f, titenei
fll I titm m êHt? fftifrw ficn il?if f n n t ?ft m itmemfim ?>cifi? fiH^ i n ^c, im ci?e3it
fll (N. de Nicolay, Navigations ' ' Anvers 1577, ni?itn itu itm ^îtfli, f m f i n ^ mmt ?t??tif?
.239) I f i itcvot mm iflm itfic^Hi, cntn mmt cmmf ??' mei
itc^f?miici^^plmiiciici i s v b b f -nwi iiiGa?ii iflfs fli (g. Ankori, ICaraltes in Byzantium, New
fiitfe ic? I ffi iTmfm fc?^-fiwtr m ifsc York 1959, 140)1 im fffmci? v s i f i i - n firm
mrii [g. ( i ) ffltltif?; (ci) F . Babinger, Ein c?fwf?ifci (mimtei it#f H, mf ciieH it iiio vg
Besitzstreit um Sulu Manastir '' , in Festschrift i8o) mm itut VQ iejei? ifH miftm iti Sfifi
fur Jan Rypka, Prague 1956, 29-37 ], C1itC?t iftmei Im n f^titi fiwm mm tmfi m t n t f
litcim >si5ff<f mciff? ntew? dtcim mi iHcn [liicmfim ?T|fei?ei itm 1^? ifimfim (g. iticitf, f . i., f .
csdftfifimcn (f )CT,m f mci cmn f m n itititfi dh-b8) nt tmei?ei Hw fiw mffet itfic fimfim
n ilwlc?^vs c?f itciff? ifimmiif?] I i i i / i ' i i i m i (citni nf& ffî3t itmfli ?fm CT i f i [ci fim g.
itc^t?m iitfii Itut? m if? fi^fc nt io(ti/yb,8i ( i ) Schneider, in Belletin, xvi/61, 40; (ci) Heyd,
I t n ijffîtf? fR v i i u n fiiivatH im n , f?i p. 305 ; (vs) C?fii, i i o o - i C ! , o o , f . i i ] i iliH f%m
mi^mmifii fiwt n Sm cig (g. H . Andreasyan, c?Ht%tn (mf ciieH it \8o, f . i o ) cm m CT, mmt
notes to Eremya Celebi, pp. 87-90) i itcifnt, itum fll iivbH iHm I m^ t m it??iH lai mm fmten
ficn ifim c?fimf, fimf, mm cmimf mmr . Itff iici itfim 'Siitf ?tewj ?nti iHm iff m wtittci,
ciftf fll I itmm? iîtc#? iHm cwrmm i t n ^tct writf, i f ^ vs ftesff ^c fi^ fi^ iHm itfim n H
cntn m ftn if??ifli i c?fiifcifn:5in's ?lic?i ffii m [ g. ( i ) H. Graetz, Gesch. der Juden,
iffftm icj^ iteifim ?ti ifl (g. 'ifc?li?t ofciH, % Leipzig 1881, viii, 214 ; (cj,) Heyd, 306 ] I f i f
so-di) I i i i / i l i ici iteifim it?m, f?^ vs tmf^ Sf%fi c?fw%tn cwm'it-t ^nfimi-t mitm-'fl? itut
mm? c?n mfiwi fiiai iH (g. ff?, f. ciis) nt ifai c^vbH iflm ifim ClU ?ft?tei I b-fe8/i8b-fe men icu
mmm irm mmn tifmi # P mm vs mt^ ?mim mm mff iiftfi? itut ^ ittm n licmt c!,oC!,<iH i
f i i t i i f n (g. mt, m i , f i ciciH fticifici tftfi i m n f f ?tff 1 1 cm'me itifi fli, i H
iii?ciiiw?, tmm >>^do ^ . ) I i f e i ici? inrni itct cm'me? mmm *iHhi tmn tn, cit Citmnt fn
tntf tiicm
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Contents
tH<t=1 AT %?1|R
tAtWA W t ? T t M liRscp ^ (g. A. Galante, ?a-T[RftRttC4 (CA-ttftR WT4mft) ^ tnt^ftTOTOT

i, 75,-99-101) I i o A / i > i ) t - t T O R AWtAt1% R A W 8 o - 8 8 f t ft'STO Atc w f R ? A T O 4?T ; '5fStt IAIC4 CtTv^tt
iRRftI CWRT'WT M [ ,5. ( i ) Heyd, 303; ( A ) ftC^ W t t ? r t C^n?CA? RC5? ?TT tt?!t R t t t tt'SAt A t 1 t 4 f
Demschwam, 107-11 ( 8 Aft f R "s WTAs WATRT A ^ l 4 4tAtC4'S CSftA'jA4 AAt^tl Ct? Rt 4AT AA C t t f t f t R4T?
M f f t o tT ; CRf5 R t f f TOR^tTT, i(?,o\5(?) ] i J!.(?J!./i(?(?A RC5f A t I 4 t ^ ^tAfC4'S t R R T t aJAt TOttTO f??C?!
RTCR RtA?tT!RlAf ^ ^ R ^ l T R ? WtSf?! RT t^JtfCR A R f t ^ t R WTCtt C4tA SRtA Cttttc? Rt I t t - t t R t f t 4 ? C t A iiI4l^ 5nk<it
TOTO?W S t ? OTWiA RtAAHRf ATtW ATARlft f f t T O A ^ f t AtcC^ Ctttn% W I T ^ t w t f t C t A ifl4CAtCt '5RRTO ^
W<#ftA CTO! ^CSTCIA R C f ATARf-AtftcWT a T T O t t f ARtRf AtRt (g. ii!C?f{AAt CRRft, 'J. A'S) I V^PiV ' ^ a W t <TOt W^tftt
RTTO[ g. (i) trorM, capital formation, JEH, CtC? 1?TO 4l? (SAt I p t stt?RT51??? ?ft?t t?C?f5 A t ) ,
xxix, 121-3 ; ( A ) S. Schwarzfuchs, Annales, xii, T^tC'S WC?4C4 t t R T O 4?t ^5t I ^^tttCt?t R4C=Tt R t T O t
1957,' 112-18] I C t ? "3 t ! f t Atc W t l A T f f t t RTAT t t R l R atAt 4f? I 5 C?Ct RtRSftt f l R ?tR?lt ?CA, ?tWSttRtCt
?TO 4vfc<fl'nR?TOTO4%nftR [g. (i) Ramberti, 241 ; 'S 1?ftt ? j f t i t C t ? ?lftC'S WR?tT TOt tff4 I C? C4t? W ? ^
( A ) ViUalon, 116 ; (^s) Demschwam, i i i ] i CRtC4?T'S tTf??Tf?4 '4tCW?TOTm At iil?tf?4 RtR Atf^t I
C T O t % R l , C W t f "3 ^lAlftft A A t f A l f f R T O f i i R / i l R tAtrt? Attt ? ^ RtW?4 ftf?C?Tt t ^ ; RtR ?t t t ^ s f t ? t
R 4 t W tAtCtiA A A A T O AfftAT K R ;ft'?f C ? (WtAlR^, 'Wfft4 ,'stt4- )?T?RtC??RtRtR?iCt A t t ^ 4 l ? t t T O
ioSvs/i^vavs 'S io1i/il3l30 Rnro 'StfjI^TCQATO!TAtAt A A A jgtA4?iCt ^ 4l?TO?WC?4 RRC? tAtCt?C4 t^>8 CffSAt
l''5^tt?t (g.) ? T ? ^ R A a t SfstRftR[ # R t R t C t ? Stft
t i A A T O 4 f t : At?T A ? , A A lilt R ' S t T O ^ f tTOlilTO!
^
^
ftftmTO(Hyed, 313)cTO t w ia4ftTO! R ' S t T O ? ! 'TO?Ct? t??C? g. t?Ct? 4t??T ( i ) ViUalon, 56 t. ; ( A )
i
RRTW CA^pTffct tftt A ? I.TO!WsltAft4tCA rAt?T WCA4 Demschwam, 111, 121, 129, 140-2, 161] i
C?ft R f t t t f t ^ lilA? attc? W t t - C 4 t t 1 W i A ' S tC? cTOt%ICtA. ( t ) 'WTtC4ft CSff
Rtft afAt TO I tCttC?T ^>>o/i(t\r^ RtCR S f t f t ft?R'atTC?? RR1C?? SftRtCt? 4 R W t "8 4 R B l f t t t TO? ^ f t - f ^
CRtCTOf ftftRt C?rttCA RR1C??ft4^W t M C t tTOCt, '?R?TtRC4 CtCA? C4t? ttW?T ftC A t Rt CRCA^ t ^ t f C R ?
T^tCt? W ? T Ct? t l R R T O liltsft ^ C t l A ^ CttRT A A ('A. TOR?tTt? t?f^ C ? f t ^ tAtCt?C4 ??t A t Rt ; ft^ R?tTt?
C?ft4, (t^) I TOlTOIR TlTffAT îPCA R?tTtA W t f t A ? (Si. 'S R t f ? C ^ f t 4 Atc tAt?t t ^ # A C ? 'Stft 'S?^t;^< i g f w t
W f s f t t T C5CRft, i t , 8^^) I io88/il3'S8 RtCR t^gtfCR tlTO4l? I
i , A e e f t A t | f ' W t ' S S t f t f - t t C A f t ftR (wr4CCt, iio) mi tRt sflRtC?? 4*14t 4tft-f^ Ctt-'S CTO
t T f f t C t A t C t ( ? , o o o A T g f ftjAAt sfttA 4 f t a (tArct? 'S4RBtft CtRt?Tflft WltTO
RtAtcg? W ? T g. Heyd, 300-12) I t f t C A W t f t t - T O ftRtt brb-o/i81(? ( i ) iA,b-oo ? iA,bÔD
^ W ^tCR (ioolj/ieJi'l) i f l f C A t ^ A T | f c t A C 4 (ttt i o o J!.Ao/i(?i8 ( A ) '5,18 A i'l3,'l38'5 ? Ao,'5br(?

t ? Si. iilC?ftAt CSCRft, ^. i l 3 8 ) t t R R t r o ^ t t t ^ t ? ' ^^/i6^<b
tf?TO At ('S) ii,8(M iA,<bb-j!. ? A8,i8'b
TOt A? ( 5 . Wt'sftAt C5CRft, i t , 'J. 8 ^ ^ 5 - 8 ) I i i ^ s V i l A I i o i l r / i v b o J s . ( 8 ) iA.Jsli 11,(?A'5 A,'5'5}8 j!.A,t^(?b-
RtCR C? R 4 R A t | f R t f f t t t t t f t CTACtA Atftc? R R f t c t ? t^tCA ioVo/i'bb^ ((?) wtg. wtg. . i,oo'5 wtg.
TOT 4 f t s rAtC??C4 spTRRtRCt? ftAf& W t t t t - W f t - A t f t ftsiR ic!>,000 }ro,ooo ioo,ooo
4tAtT fttt A t | f RtAtCSC A R t t R t s f t T O ^ CffGAt ^ (Si. 'A. t T S s R 5 ( i ) lacopo de Promontorio-de Campis,
C?ft4, i i o o - i A o o , ^. \r\r-^) I tAt? t A Atc ttRR4?t A ? ed. Babinger, Munich 1957, 48 ; ( A ) RT44T?, IFM,
hiliW At|frt? SfTO WtAtft4 ifRt4T (Galante, 54) i % XV, 312; ( ' 5 ) t t ^ 4 t ' t , IFM, xv 300; ( 8 ) ' W t A f t 'Wtft,
iJ!.t t C 4 R t f f c t A Ctfe RstTt ' 5 J ! . , o o o mi tAlCt? 'jAtrfTO f ? R t R T t ^ S l l [ t i A b - o i A b - o ft., sj. lrA-J!.b- ; () AtA4tR, IFM,
R?tTt i A , o o o A f t t t W ^ p l RTOtA ? [ Si. ( i ) White, ii, 230; xvii, 216, 227) I
( A ) ibr'O'S s j . R A 4 t f t ftRT<t W ^ A t f t i , 8 i 8 W A ^ T O ; ^ . ('S) S t C ? A R ? t T t ^ C C t t t TO C t , 4 T f t - f ^ R l t T t J ^ A o / i f i - i S
La. A. Frankl, Nach Jemsalem, Leipzig 1858-60, RCt? tC?A tT^f4tCtA RCtT ^ ttttt sfT?! ^ t A ? I ^flt
194-5, tTO W^lRTCtA R f t i J ! . A 1 % Wttt^Rtfft m R?tJt ?fft t l ^ A t f t R S f T O W i f t R t f t ^ t A T R C t A C T O ! >8 l 4 C t A t C A
\Sc!>,ic!'c!'-iira R T s t O T tt'SAt TO ] I ^ tttttflR i o o i / i f f J s . ' S 'S ioi(t/ibob RICTO RCtr, t A

<^jI^Rctt StTStt t t R T t atAt 4 f t , R'S-^jRftRtt, t R f f t 4 A t t A % s f C A t W % f C ? f t W ^ [ f a A ? (Si. CH Isl., i,
ftctt 4tAtT WtTCftAC4 S [ R R T O 4 A t t T O 4tCW ftctt SsRT^ 344-50) ; i o o v b / i f f J s ' l R t C R ? ^ Rl3! i ( ? , o o o WfftRfft
C t t t t [Si. ( i ) ViUalon, 72 ; ( A ) Demschwam, 111} i jR?! W ? t t A t TO, ^ i o iV/iiljoJ!. R t C R ? RC?T W t l t R t f t '2?CTO
t t R t f t t?tC4T?
t.ft.
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Contents
\5to^
^ tltlt mii,ooo I Hf wtHitfSm tft|d ttfi, t f t | c i ? n t w - f m "itewf-vaiitmfftenva (f.) icit

m fif 9^ tiH^ sflimfii' tnefii: %rt^ ^îmn: ; vs?5f f< ffim tn I tftfi? nSfie mitm tn 'mmen itut
8 S , e o o W t f i i f f f l>\(.'\i< ' S K U C l o , 8 t o b - m io<Hto/itotoem itei tn v o , o o o (f. Sfimifiti, m t ^ va nitft, i t . ,
tl^W fn, i o l r o / i t o t o S s ltd f l l vo<H,oS8 W l (ff. IFM. is), y<t(t<t lilt I t u t ^ i t t m n i , o o o (g.
xvii, 216)1 cittiftt t f m - i t t T t nrttc Demschwam, 65) l w i t e n w m H i t f t i t e w t i f ^ tlim
ifl^lflw I I d yob-o/yî l t d wtHifff ^mj? ittit tn ei^ff j f f i i i t ^ [f. ( i ) mntl, ôrganisation du
itfltufli ifst i b - , i e o wn m cift i t f - f f Itti travail . . . Annales, xvii, 1094; (c^) lil. c?fii, in
%5it?f1fli itat v o 8 , b r ; i * wn ( 5 . fntît?, i t . , % shh, Edeb. Fak. Mejdm., v/I, 6-10, 12), ^ g i m c n m i t c n
( t b r o ) I ici.i/ibri in5 w t f n t f f bmr? ittn fn 8 o , o o o i i t e w v a tmm I t f i m i f l l (g. Dem-Schwam, 64-5) i
fif iffi i t ^ l f l i n , n i fgtwjnf ifttm i t i f m f e n 'Sifii mff? t i i f ? t i i (Hcta % i->> i t i c s ) i

cmitft% Cift I t t i t fn it I f f i i l t ^ y,bo,ooo i f i i t fiien c i t i r m i t t l i ifim tfm c i e i f fim?-itm? i v a f i
(nft i t t m mfic itn n , liit i t f t % fnti-fHm i t t C I m?eit w m i t ? e n l e u lfm S^n i f f ?
Itc? wm liiima 1 1 citm i n i i f i i t f l i itftm f i i i i i i ? f l l , t l i f i i B t iem^f%? n t f c m t ittdt mmm c i t i e m t
( l l f i c i ? i t w i f ? m) I f i i f t 3 R l cit i l l f i c i fi11 n f f t it? I
fftmn? itntid fif f i i wtfiitftri itm?i mtfiici? f i ^ ' t - t i n fmm iHei n i f itmen m
ic?]t i^mt? vs it?iilt?ici ift im At?fiH.i n t tfti?i? citi m f - f f ? licit f f i i e ^ I t t I C I ?ii i m
itiit 3 Fcit ^ tttcfii I i t ? i cii iittm? i d nwi mwtieti? lift iiic4<ic? tif s i i fiffiitcg? mi mtm
wtfiitff? mftmCitl nc?t mt i t i C 5 ? c?ff fnmif mt, icmwft? gnti imtm mu i t ntgmtif? i t ?
itm tfmfn i i d sFcit tmm c?f mfim tnti' cm t i (g. cmtif, i t . ) i n m wttimft mm-mfiwj
itcfli I i o i / i t o i ici? Cicn fici liit m /mmmft' if? mfm mu ^m n it?m? ?^ m?m t i i t i t ^
wtfimftcnn mfft? wm fiemt ific i f t m i c i t cn Itft? imicn I C U f i i itUicf i?!a,*i'*ci cmmtif?
ittc n [g. ( i ) Selaniki, passim; (c^) i l C l f l f , ic!^ mte i i t i i t n mu im i t (g. ciewes, i t . , toife-
citid?, i f t i I t ie, i f e ) I i i i / i i i i c i t m ^ ( n m voto) I - i d inmtiien icu leit itUiciva n? Tti
mms i c n ftn) ? i mf^ ficwci 'witimlf' ?fim (mfwi, ifim mte i t I fimi: Ci,? cifen itien f ? tmstf
c?ci) m l i i t f , (^sptft) ?fim ifin f i i i f t T : ^ tmm i t ?n?t:iiit?ii ift I tf? i d n t i i n nft? f t t
f l l ?mTi va i t ? i t f I <it wtfiitffm mtiT iift-f f n ^ mf Rc?Hi iRmt f^Hnit m i t ? mfici m n ,

ifcn iltffi fm i n i if??f|t tif? ei^f4 iT? mtt'^[imi'?ifîtn if?fn mi [ f , ( i ) i c i o f . - i i r a w m
itfitfii, ticn itim <it mtm n , iftm ficwcnri f t f ? Hill, iii, 892 ; i*Sto w m cntfif, i t ^ . l i
,?ftf?fimmif? 1 (i)ifmft
lit wtHifftcn im itc ? i t i i t n im? ipn mfiffc if?(me? - i d c m i t ? i citicn mifR * t i
citl fiemt im it I tftn? itf?^ fn itH-fisnt ?ii mt, til d ? i i t mm? cttt, m e m va eftiw cmt i t e i
mm, mwt?etie ttmrnmen itw im i tit Hft mten met I t e i I f i t f f ititn cm tim ? i mifti i t i t i i r H i / i S t o t o
mtm wnite?en ftn itfm? i t f ? ^ t t n mm i i^t I t m cget if t i i tooo itim citi i t t fm? n ? i citi
m|ef? ? d ien immm ?iitn ii,i?i cwti-'iiifi ifim ii? mti ifim ^tim m? ? "ii? wifm ^m te" (g.
if Itm? i f ? , ^nti imt? i t i ^ v s imtm itm mte Critoboulos, tr. Riggs, 220-2) i Sf? mt? ? m n
C 5 f i f ? I I f l f i m ? wtmi i e n i m titen fit? Sn itm? C i i cm c n n t i f n i m i umrni-mtiwr ni itm
fio? 'if? I i t o o o f-ii? m, tffnt? ictm ien n n m? (g. W. Heyd, Hist, du commerce du Levant,
wiPtitfl fiegti cm tie itfid n im. ml^ i?twit ii, 341) I tnf itd feiH/i*ii, Svoî(^.:^to, fetofe/iCtoi,
fimw ifie itci, citiwi f - n t s itei, sitftim? ft SSVi<My8,feS8/ieirto1td (g.The Fugger Newsletters,
I t ? f i i I t i t f i i itm te (g. Hammer-purgstall, x, ed. V. von Klarwill, London 1928, 104), feSbr/i(ts>o,
index s. v. Janitscharen-Aufruhr) i n c?f I t U i yooo/Hhi l t d (g.^ cntfif, tt(.), i o o b r / i ( ^ f e f e ,
itentig wtHitft ?j?it?-mfiewj w f f itfim? ir?ei ift m iovss/itocê, io8i/ito\5i, io(^br/ito8b Itw (g..
cttiemi va t i f iiit? lem iefiei mit? i f te^ timcgt Chalkokondyles, Histoire de la decadence . . .
itSili ifimt i l l im mte i t n (g. Porter, tr. B. de Vigenere, Rouen 1660, 1013), ioto\5/ito(t\5,
Observations, p. xxvlti) i iobra/itoHvo l t d (g. Galland, u, 178), i i H S / i S t o c t l t d
tntf tifem?
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(g. GrenylUe, Observations, ed. S . Ehrenkreutz, mfffim fH, C l l t C I itfcn i mf Hi i t n nt

Ann Arbor 1965, 71, 74, 106), i ^ o < H / i l f e ^ ltd (ff. iH?tH5 cm n cif Hi (y&a-b f - 8(i,ooo jtHi
CSfvQrPr, iot., {8), i V i ^ f (g. Andreossy, 178-84), I t n t m i t 3 ! ) C l l t C I iHmt?? wntUt cni fsmt mtHi i
ibr^s<H f (g. Memolre of Mrs. Elisabeth S . Dwigth mnm itnm litt? Htn itut miit f n t f i i
. . . New York 1840), iVSa-H %, M. P. Verrolet, Ht?nm mi i l l imSH I cmm m, i 8 i i f mwntiit
Du Choleramorbus en 1845, 1846 et 1847, (ititm I C I ) ito,v5CitoH im ff i(^3<? %-m icm m %
Constantinople 1848), y\rb(t (g. H . Leach, el ^ m I m^. y<t<to, % C. de Villalon (Viaje de
Brief notes . . . , London 1866) ll^lî n mitf Turquia, p. 306) mmw iHmHcnCT,tft^l Sm
cut m I lilt m ifTsnft mm cut Hci i c n itmtf 5fmp#ff mm? wntut Hi m y,io,ooo itm m îftH,
bPic ItH l i R t C i t l C i t l m i c n i<s,i? iHit 'sH m mf itc ?m mCT,i(? ?ncn H i c?f imm? icm
tfc ftm m m citci? ffT iH s i f f f e ^ % V3 i t o S b - ' [ . rnitiit <to7o ^ im I I f it?mi ( J E S H O , i/i, p.
?tHHl i . o o o 1 % t m i l J s . ^ % S f H H l 0 , o o o i % t citl 28) cmtmcn CT, mmimt? i o i / i M ici 'SiuHm
Itit I t i I i v i ^ f CI I f i t f cut cm tfc iicitt fci. ii?eHc wntijt b - o % ^ m I m*iHi c i m i m m
IllTf iHf^ imt ft i , ( ? o , o o o W l (g. Andreossy, 180) icnCT,f i t o i ici ClH wntUt Hi m %oo,ooo i
m m n lîtie (Lettres ecrites des missions
etrangeres, Lyon 1819, p. 2) i iilt itUt ^ liinH Wf3 'ttPIi?i5f,
i m v Q cif i-o,oo,ooo iHit ciit itmi I iirsi ^^f. von b r V V i S I I ( i ) IfFI 5,^81
Moltkeîil? I-Htic (ff. Letter 26) im? licitt wntlTtl I1 ^,8ii

it^. i s V i w
Hi tcli n t1t cn itit I t i I ibr^sv ''I. Hmici ItHif? () 'itiPl 8<),iW Ir.oSo
brO0
,00
uift n i i ? t n (ibrxsjs. 'Sf. n H ititiHit I t f i f f ftn io88/ii!(8 'It'StlttHf 1 1 \m
ic#
nt n), Hf tfc stHiti t i cif f? l i t [ff. (i) m.
5ioVo (8) [ ]
mc?, 'SiitiH t?tc?f c liHil, tiHitc mH, i8,W
i i . , (. {81-(?o; (i) H. CI lftt?t1f, f f c ? it?titti

i5oVo (j)i#tnit^' [ ]
?iWt
votRItc-i H? ?rfii, tftipT i & f f v '[. 11 cui c?tcn it?cit
(^)
tftfci? itnt-uHewj? m H ie&,'[. i v i i c i t?c?wcn iA8Vilr;î 8},ooo }o,ooo [ 1
I f i f C?t1 Hc?tn ?j?ft1^ (Quarantine regulations) iW/5Ir^!5 ( 1 ) ^ -
i f n I C I itHewT? n 5 t i i t i liiiii itc ciiici ^Hr?t i ; ^ 8 V i W 0 ( V ) ^ <10,8iiS) 5,o^,i!)8; ii,8i^j
im (ff. Porter ; Grenville, p. 64) I

(5S) wntUT'
HH^ nt? tftfi iicn wntUt it^pttHi i> Hi tf i i s i V ^ . (i)^
1,00,000
wtH?m litcim H^citir 1T-S5,I itcn mitt HH^ 8,81,^^ \i'S,obo 'i),io,;5i
'Smf H?^ It c?Hif?, liinH ciaHvQ cicif TJI itwit 8 ( i ) Sit?ff.,^. iov ; (i) mmm, c?itim,
mmm? itmtwtm '2H im n , ^îtm n i iHitfti cit ii., % ; C l H '^^m wntmicm 8 8 i mff fstici
iim? icm ?m n mt (nHt ^3 H^n, 'mtcif cgf, itsi Hfstm ?m itmti; () mmtn mmi, m J E S H O ,
nt mrtm mfci? Sit? itmt mi ^ m tfw?ci n m 1/1, p. 20 ; ( 8 ) cmimf miH i f i n^mit? (miit).
icm ?m n mt) i m tfm mii c? cm i i m liiii I t 8 o o l , i i ? f mm I C I ; (<?) Mantran, Istanbul,
Hcinf iH m Hi'm'm'iiftf? I t n ; Hfim mfifStc? 46-7 s mâ i8,to<?mcl m Cl^m Mantran i f m
*(itn?^ timm?cifHitfîmi?,m'mntHi i ? icnCT,immtt iten itirf Hi to^,ooo ; (to) f f , î,
?m it mm" m n itâHi m it^mHi 'itci' iHm, to^; (1) cmimf mtH itiH? i f i i t n a o ; ( V ) tftni
cmci icnH iiftHm Hiftm n H itm (itrm) ?m ^ c?fmH, ifeo8 %, ^. i t o ; HciHiiti ?m f? mt; (fe)
(ff. i ? ^ 'm^mHi) 1 îHti imf? m itirt itm m (Hc^ s(n mmsiff 11 ( i ) Lybyer, Constantinople as
ff.) mm itc fm m m, n n H itme it -8 m cmcapital . . ., ff. i f i f , 377 ; (i) Braudel,
Hi ( m m f i mici Hi ^<?''^ m,ff.Jacbby, p. Medierranee, 272, Mantran i ? ? f itl? W I T
102) n t lilt I t n t m 's,itiim mm? mr^ itmwr wntm i f m mn (Istanbul, 44-7) to,<?o-i,(?o,ooo
itt mt? I cim c? lit? mniti mntft ffittim m %oo-\r,oo,ooo ( i i ? f I t i ) I mtm CT m mm
t m f Hitm
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tnHt^ AT t ^ R p I
C^9t3 lilt R?tTl?RC5f RT5t8|31T'54Sanderson, i A , i , o o o ; i " S t t A C A " (Township), c t t t w C R s f t ^5tc w f t c t t t

G. Moro (Alberi, ser. 3, iii, 334); }r,oo,ooo (ft^ WtCR ( g . lil. C ? t W , i o o o - i i o o , f # R R ? 1 8 ) I W t t t t f t R t
Garzoni [Alberi, 389] ACRA CA, A l 3 i "Piu di trecento. ,..WR__iil4-5gAt?t S>R/i(Jt t C ? R C t t ^ t C t Rtt t t R t t C fe.
mila persone") I tAftRtAftfWrt, in TV, i (5, 339)] i f . ' i l f ^ ' i b - t
ATAt ^ A 5 , %ÂTiAAt t^JtfCR? A t t sftftcSA 1%TOA lilt tC4 tlRrlC A f t s WAR?tt ^ C?ft ftR lilA? C o t t t i C A ,
R?lTt-lTWt%AM Afertt AC^TAA I % I | R 1MtA WAT^lTt C?C?ftt^ iQ ? t % 5 f t t t t A C f g R ' ^ l R t f t o A t S t f t R , t t f t i b - 8 o
l i l W I ATSAttftA WTtCR C4tA 'tAC?lt 8 , o o , o o o - i i l A C A f f%T AT % t w t^StfR t f t c S f t f t A - C t A t t ^ ? t | R W ? t C 4 t <|tftt I
(5. Jacoby, in Byzantion, xxxi, 1961, 82-109) I iS>8(J ^. t w t ^ t f C S R 2 f t f R - c t ? t W ? t ^ ' ^ A a S ' t ^ S t f C T O
1 t W ARCSA R'i^CilltT R?lTT Atc^CAS . R C t T W A R l t T R CA l A T O t ' T A t ^ A f t ? t t T f t A A t ftR I
iS>A1 % A,8(J-,ooo tAtA t A Atc WRR^tTt 9mM ft^ ft^ ftft^ tftttC^,
iS>8o " A,1A,ooo C t t f t ftc^ R ? t T t t T Atc lAtt A t t C A 8
i<(?o " 10,(?0,000 ^?c?? t^tp^wts.in
iJsibo " 8,\0,ooo .Wvtit ^tsstttell^ra wtitit(c1^'
i^ba " 8,VA,ooo .c#iwlt,l5r A ^
lilA? i S . t t r o s ? WtCA t^nCR WfslTT CA t A t W C W C A f - Atfetîil|lis)
% T^ stAt 4ST ( l i l t ^lACt CA, C t t W A wMlSt i,iSiS),8lr,ooo î>8,W
Afft lil^^Rt M lilAl A T t t t 'Q CttRT WtAtt A C t t ttM;
S t C ? ? ftC4 RT A ? ftttt ^ At ftpitttA ^ [ C ^ t C ? , i5,8i>,Sioi>
fc? fc?) I iS>A1 ^.-m R?tTT ( i i - A t f 1%CRt1tM lilRt^t 8,\5\5,^^S i8,i^, 80}
ATtfttt) ^5tc Cttt Alt CA, Ct t t C A stft C A ^ ^ i8(J- WA CRt4 V 5 , i l S , i 9 i , 0 0 0 8,VCi,8(Ji i(?,8i,4iW?
AtR t # o (2(14 i(?t t t % " ' ^ % t t A A s f t c WARltTt? t t C W t CtttCt ^ A ^ t^StfCRA WAR^tTT ^ R R t CtCt?
TO f i R ôo-m % 5 , g . Jacoby, 105) i Garzoni-? CA Rfts R^<5^^, C R t t C ? t ^ t l p t R t ? S f t f t r ? ? ftC? W ? R ! , t T t ^
WÎRIR, i ( M CRt4R?tTt H R S,OO,OOO ii)A? ib-AS> '^t.-TO ^R?1^R4tC? 4 R 1
t t R t t ft R?tTT ^,bo,ooo 1 SAt w M s A RÎAT tfRAt RCA a j ^ t # 8 ( 4 ) S ^ - R t f t f t R t 3 J I (i) ' S ? T 4 4 1 ? ? ? 4 t f f t t ^ l I
A? ( W A T t t t^TfCR? sftftc?? 1%7?^ CRT^R^ttA Ct W^ptA- (i) 'S?T4ft?ItR^ 1 lil^TC?? 'S?r4ft?TtR^3CA? W ^ t f t , t f ? t
4f??tClA C t t a f t ^ s J. E . D e k a y ( i t r ' 0 %) s ^,(to,ooo; b-i!3i/i8(M R t R , ttftA A? "ÂTRtt i t 4 f t C S C t R , 2(4rt^
Hoffman 8 'i>,'tro,ooo; Visquenel ( i b r 8 b r ''j.) 8 \ o , A i , o o o ; tft?5RR CWC?R t ^ S ^ ' S , W t R t iS>'OV % O'Ob-So; (A)
Verrolot ( i b r 8 b r ^.) 8 ' 0 , > ! 3 o , o o o ; lilt RCAA WAT 5 . V. 4 t C R C R ? t t ? (Church of Akataleptos)- lil? WAT, Nwei
IVIichoif, La population ' ' ' , i-iv) l t^tfC^WRtA-tlStc?? Stiftungsurkunden des Sultaris Mehmet 11.
f%C?? 'Q Rtftra? W ? R ? t t ? 'gRAlTJR^ CA 1tCS S1%f3f Fatih, R t t . ft. ' S ? , t?stlR iS>iO(? i-i(? i l i t *RC??
Ctt4tC?? R^tTtaft Atc lAt?, iit4lt C t f S t ^ flRtA tt'SAt ? A T f t s f ' S R t f f t t T t ftR C R s f t R ? t f t t ? A ? t^t^ttCt?
At?t8 RRIW? ^ RlRTt ??R^ ftttct? t C ? i i l ? # 5 t t ^ 'STl
iotr'O/i^lA ^^bh/i'\(t(t iiVCîl^b- W3|^ ^4l??t R'SAT A ? I t A t ? R ? T f t 4 a t t f t ? C ?
t^8l![R V8 i 8 i AJsl Ctft W t ? % ftft, Wtftc A ? t ^ I ^ l T C t ? ^ ? C ? C ? f t ftR,
tl^TtWt A<2- -bi ii-b ?RtCR ' g ^ - t t R t R iilRT?Ctft t e t f t c ? f t WTC^ (^tA^^ '^^
SRfiSi? i8 AA b(t iVIA, R ? -Js-Jsl) ; S A R t f t t b - 1 l / i 8 1 A A t b - I V / i S I ^ O
lil^ i i 1 AV RtR, W # t f t ( t 5 t t R RCA) ^ s t ^ t f t A ? ; ('O) 'S. liR.
^R-AtfsTrtRtCtA Ctt4tA ( i o b r ' O / i ^ l A R l R ) liltft?, ttftA t A t C ? f t t^4ftC?ft-C, t ^ ? l I R iS.8(?
t^StfR A8 . i-'bb- I ttRC?? t A A o f RRC? . i i l ? # ^ t f t f 'S?T4ft?Tt b s f t

ttRtt a 4?T A ? , S A R i i l 4 f t R ? 4 T f W j f t f t ( A ? A t C ? f f t - i i R ^t?t)
SRfTO 8 ftftsRt wtn, SAT? stfttit tt'SRt Rtte? (8) Zwei

lil^ S> (CtftfC^TC 4 R t t t R t t t t t R U ^ l i t R?.tTT Stiftungsurkunden . . . -lil, % i-i8S. i i o R / i M tC4?
ASAf^t CAft) i , R t ? t T A t f t RRC? ( g . iil?ft?, % t . , AJs-'OS) l i t 'S?T4ft?Ttft
WtRttf tRt AtRtC2IA ^ Ctt^tCtA RCS(T ioib-/i>!soS> RtCR '^lRm W ^ f t A?(?t? ft#t ft^tC? R1WR A? liR? T?T
M - t T O T l t t f i R t ^ F t l C R , WT3 R t ^ ! ^ - t t S R t l t H R fttft C?t4C??. 4 ^ t ft^BT ? t t ? A ? ) , W # C 3 R WAT H . (<?) "^FtftA
ttRtf ft'9C4R
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Contents
n fi't^li voi^PpcywR, i8-ifev I i i f U n t i (nfei) s in Les Cahiers de Tunisie, no. 14 (1956), 213-41 i
(to) C i . t. fi^^lf, f C m t f e l T !ifiC?rfl, iWit ifeto^ i ? i f mm fifiititevs m? H i npsi mff ciu m
f I m f i i i t i c n f i f i e iitfi s ( 1 ) i t i f imti i f i f , i i , ( c j ^ ^ f i ,ic??f mtegf itg. I t i'lvoa ; mtfti itegfte,
vvs-itov ( l i i i . i t i i f i t ) ; (tr) i f i s t t i f w t i f i t i f , v i , i t t . 1 cfiffm io<\o ; fiifiuti? mtc^ft, it^. i t ft.
H-oa (n. i t i c c i ) I tffFf fini i t i f i i t t i ^ i t i f w t VQ ivs8 ititewcm, vsHe?^fifi tifttt, it^. i t io(?8 ?fi5
c i s f i tfiiit? Sfi f5?fs l f l iiîtita, m t i t c ifi= mei) I tifm f i m m t n ^ itTfti u i f m ifie
I t c i c i t s f i tffii f i f e m c?fw%ti i f i c it^sit i f i i i f w mei (fie^ vs f . ) .ii?t f ? T f d ? fini fifim C^'')
^ I i f i i i i ( c i f i ) tfti (f%itei) c?ifw%t?r i ^ît ?fi= mei mftien c?fiff?; ciem^fi? Simen wu f.
c?Hf%fiQfi v s i t i i - n m^s fifiiw iHiti w u m tf ( i v ) vs. iii?fii, ciewei-t Sf^-t c?dfieu, tftFf i^*^^
mtiitflii (wtft)-n w u tefi ilt iîtsfi ^ i f i i - n I ^ I l i t c^tw5|?efie tftum i<?ft mifit mitit cwum
i c ^ itf^ n t imf%? fimfi wtfiifi w u ficn e i ^ f f untfilen m ljlif f i f i ?ft?fei, ciitn ifft
fll I w t U i c liteim f i f i i t e e i (fe) mt citfiit? ?j?iim itfici? m, imtm fn, f i ?j?m vs i m itwu
vfee/i8vfe ltd? fwite? c?fwSt? (itn:md mfif, ?s^ mf Sfifi ?ft?tei I c i t c?fif%fi8fie c m wtfw
itHeien fciei i t ife, % eto i . , m f t ; cm cm itm I t f t ? ite Uumfi fim mfi c i t fiieivs mf i ^''itfi
I t m f i i ut, d n i f f " g f i t n i t f i ) ; b-i8/i8tofe ifvsm m (mfi liiemft ittcgft, det B ^ (iofeîtovi
ltd dit n p i m nft c?fw3i^vs gftftei i liit m m lfl), B io vs B ^^vo ; mieitd m?fif, itHeim
nft c?fwfififiifficn(io) c i i c n t n ' ^ ' i t i - c i i t f , fcie? I t * i 8 vs <?^to I l i t ??m^ ifti mtfiifn n t i
ffife^to/ieifeltd l i f s e i ? i t f t fim (cieifie? mtmft, ifimen (ife) R . Mantran, in Melanges Louis
i f f . ciletf to8, 8 8 8 i . ) I ^ 1 ffmei? m ^siitii-n Massignon, Damascus 1957, iii, 127-49 ; m<3ff.
c?fw%ti ifntei tmid I ( i i ) itieiiei mfif, t i (io) fim citl, iitovs t f ? i f i liiiui mifi? ciief?n
cnefi I t ^ i o ( f e 8 V i e 8 o iti) va i t \8o (hai/Hso: citn..., tffif fiifiufn, limfim itfiefi, c? io<\i i
m) I vs I fHva?tmien (mftift) c^fwsi^ s cmifin ittcgft, i t .
m t u npii c?[w^tc? itif?i u i f i i l e n v a i t i i i f m cici B b-; ?5ft ifmien c?fiif? s cmimft m?fif,
f i n fifini ifntei i citefi? i c u n t e i m eiff^sfi D feevo i
(lfl cifd mfif, t f c w e f i I t iay) ntfi i t i t e i s (vs) tftji imf mtu ifiieat? iti^'Simfim i f i
( i ^ ) t^liî ffiiitfi vsKfi? ciief%, feeo ( i e 8 t o f ) ?îfll?>tfci ( I t i t ) itm fittt?t ?ft?tci I cit^Ri ic?ilt
ffi#f, imt. vs. m. I t n t i vs t. Sits. m i e f t , tm^r Smm liiun n m cn s i i fftc^ ciief? i liit fifiew?
ife'ô -!{1 mtfi lilt m c?fw^t? iteei; (ivo) ien l f l iifi ifimen ( ^ i ) mnti c ? f i i [ mifnt? ]
itieifd mifi f; mf c m f i , toio, fevto/i<?iv vs f m ftwft m ^ itH m tmw^ fmH fiHcw, fetoi-iooo,
febrbr/ievo I t m I C U tit c i e n f m t n f f i n t ( i 8 ) tft^ ivsvsvsH., (nitwf,tft^ ifevse f ) ; . . . iioo-iôo,
m f e i t i f i e m Sfi fnfs, mmf, infi iffim i t (tsi tftp iJ^î iioo-iôo tfffi ifevso iôo-i^<?<?,
-a esvs, t f ioo(?/iefeto i t m i e ? d U i tmii ifevso f ifHc^ c?fw^tc?? i e n i f t i i t m im
A t ? l c ^ (^^) n f i i - n cicid-c, i i . i
mifii f t i t e n c?fw%t?v3 ? f t ? f e i i itff n f i f i vs ^ I (^vo) mfin m m ciie?dH, i t ^ I ' l e vg jj^-^g
mu c i t f i U n f i f m Vfe8/i8vfe-vfeto/i8fei mm i t f i = ^
itfiemm fcie? fifiew ?ft?tei, c i t s H f i e i i ifim
m - u m ftm n t i i f i i t e n (ie) vs. i n . ?f?m ( I F M , tftfi?wu'smff<i
xxiii, (1962-3), 342-79) I mf ?Jt f. (ito) i^ d n , vs I ( ^ 8 ) ffi-t ifntî-fimm fifiw i tmii f i m
f c m t f i c ? ! i t f i t tc tife?f c f i i d f ? c i mt f i f i i f i ?
c?fw%t? o<p itmei yyaa/y^si I t i ite I citun
f f e i e ? f i i t u m f , fefev5/fefe8, mfiim c n f i f i e i i t f i ,
mniHien imr icit u ?fi?tei i
fei, iofe-to^ I
8 I itfien c?fw%t? I t^tif, intm \s Sif^tlc??
(^) ftnt f i m (tiHm) iftii? i liitsfi im fi ifimti c?fit%t3 intn ifvsm m m, f i f f i i f i i ^smf f <
i ? m s i I fifiitm, fi?tf? i m mfim; ^ i i f i - t
Smni itfim itei t f t f i f i f f s vs cmimft itmf?? ifti
tifitfic?i-iii? c?fif%t?mg[f ; (vs) f i % mew? wu itttf^ ?i?Uifn I ireu f i i f i i iiti ifimen iii?f^, cieid,
iffîen c?(iTî? ; ( 8 ) feoi/i<?oi I t m fifiitm (ito) vs. i 1 . - C 1
i n . m m citsfi tf?i cfiititf?e imi ifntcn, i/<M. <t I fitm'm c?fw^t?ifi, (citsiie mf? cmmifm
( i f e 8 ^ ^.), ^J. v 5 ^ f e - 8 o ; ?mft I f m (i't) R . Mantran, m fi?ff im it) o f i m ^? fitrnm itiei? n H
timf fiiem
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Contents
t f t m It t ^
1^f<Sunn? mr 5. (i<t) JESHO, iii (1960), 132. Altertums, vii (Stuttgart 1900), 963-1013
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towards the Greek population of Istanbul and Oberhummer, Konstantinopel unter Sultan
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f A M f % (RAftfAA ttAfA ( M f f f - C 2 W f t , V A . , A ? i i - i A , Wt^. %\r\x/i(t\xo RtCTO C? ??stT ( t t ^ . A t t t C ? i C J A o ) TAt
( ? i - 1 o ; ( i O ( 2 - ) C^FSfA t t w f w S l W l t ^ , TOrtmtTO lf?ft, ( i ( M ) |J???tCA lAf??1^?CRt? C Rt?tf5Rtf?C ?#t? ^f??1
t^SllR i!<?A %; ( i O - J j ) ( R A i T O ' i P j ' W t A , fAA'Wt-t C A T O S A - t St^tt?TOtA t ? I C A , t^SlFf iii>^!9 % 0 1 I % i b - t tT:TO
AlAtACTU, t ^ l F f i i o tt. ; ( i o i ) l i w . W K 4 1 T O , ^ TO c ???TOTOTg. I ( i ( ? b - ) At^ t t % F T , RiAl-t^tl, t t t . t??1%

C 4 4 T O T O t A R l f t , ^4 R l A l f t W t T O i l T O A l C o t-tOIM-On^lft-C tCC?F?1Wt, ^1|t i i 8 ( ? f t . ; f f ^ C<l^'t-iil? 1%T^-t ?tAMT?
aWM, i A . ( i S . ' b o ^.), % i o o - 1 ; ( i o b - ) ftf. ' S A W ? , ^ C4t? C4t? t T # f f ^ t ^ l t c t ? c? ?4tT wtTA S A I ? TOT g.
^ l A f r f f A , ^ 1 ! P iS>(?A % ; ( i o ! * ) TO. l i l ^ W T O , ' S ^ H H f (i(?S>) Oberhummer, Suleiman, Tafel xxii I
ct^ftrcA t ^ l A f t ? K c b w R , ' o t f r o ^ ( M t l R - c s w M , ttf? t1??tfA4 f t tT4t ?Tt1 A t aqeduct w?Tl?T t i l ?
8 A . ( i S x f b r 'il.), ^. i8S.-b-A ; ( i 8 o ) l i m . W t A T ? , ^fc?l'CA TO??TCA?TOTM t t l t ? f??c?r wm Attc?; (i-bo) Chester
^tAC C 4lAC'Ai'H<iR?t?, ^ ii1I?MffAT { R A M T - C sWPt, Beatty Llbray IVls. 414 (fTOAl1??ttCA), t a i ? s AAb-ôa;
(?A. ( i S . ' b A % ) , % o S - b r S ; ( i 8 i ) 'S. C A t R l 4 , AmlAtCTOlf?fAA, (i-bi) C T t ^ f RiAtf? R l t c g f , t t ^ . AtftC? ioi-b, i l r i c ? ^
t^Sl|R iS>(?o ; ( i 8 A ) 'S. m. TOPIA, t^SlA^R t'^^ÔTTO-t iViib ; (i-bA) K. O. Dalman, Der Valens-Aquadukt.
TO%?U-t fAtA'CTjf?, t H l = 1 i ! 9 i A '(. ; ( i 8 o ) l A A f A M l , Tafel 15-17; ( i < b o ) iPtfÂRltcgf, tT. ' ' s i t f l i j f f iAVA i
tH<(=1 fÂfTORlf?!?? ' a l R A C b f t , t ^ T f R i J 8 S . '|. ; ( i 8 8 ) W1?'s g. (ibs) ii)R. w?t?, ''FlfAt? ' s t ^ ?t?1f?g1? f-(R1^
TO. gSCA l i r a ^ A , t ^ H ^ t C W t l D R w W t t (TOt? M l W C t R , Alf?tft CtRlf?ftCt i 8 o C t C t ' S t C t t ' S H l t , t ^ l H ^ t i%8(f^. I
t ^ i ? ^ is>oA % I w r o ? t r 5 w ? f t ^ i t ? A f s ^ t t t t i y f l c ^ t^tlC^T? ? T O 5 ? 1 t t ? ) AT?f53! S (ibQ) t ^ t f t f ? ^ .
t^JtipTO ' S ^ A T f A A t t R p t R t P ^ Wsr^lPt t i c k t ? 5 t A R t t c g f , ?? SÂI-Jjo-i (iA>bi/iV8(? RtCTO i S Aooo) ; (i^b-b)

?fA?irî sr^lf^ ?Tij[t? R i t c g f , t ^ t l R , O o o i / A o / l (iOiA/ib-S)-]!
( ^ ) TOf&Sf <3 ??[tt 8 t?M T p t T ? W I t R T O ; TOJ?? t i t
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^ ^ ^ e f ) I >|??.|51 RtRfrog?TOTg. (i^blr) At1?t C 1tTt?Rl?
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Overhummer, Constantinopolis, Pauly-Wissowa, CR#tfR, Rs (?i-l I tAT A t f ) s (i-bS-yPlan general de
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ttRtf t?tC4l?
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tofe
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%tm"^tff!pf
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Contents
Descrizione topograflca dello stato presente di Constantinople 1846 ; (^b-b-)C. White, Three years
Constantinopoli, Bassano 1794; ( ^ t o 8 ) Ch. in Constantinople or domestic manners of the
Salaberry, Voyage a Constantinople, Paris 1799; Turks. 3 vols., London 1845 ; (^brJi.)I. Hahn-Hahn,
(^to<f)Fr. Murhard, Gemalde von Konstanttno-ple, Orientalische Briefe 3 vols., Berlin 1844 ; ( i h o )
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1872; (ib'i) A. F. Andreossy, Constantinople et Thouvenel, Constantinople sous Abdul-Medjid,
le Bosphore de Thrace Pendant les annees 1812, in Revue de deux Mondes, 4th ser.. No. 21,
1813, et 1814 et pendant I'annee 1826, Paris 1840, 68-89 ; (c^fecj,) c. Hamlin, Among the Turks,
1828; (^tobr) L. von Stunner, Skizzen einer Reise New York 1878 ; Edmund Homby, In and
nach Konstantlnopel in den letzten Monathen around Stamboul, Philadelphia, n.d.; (^S)8) J. H.
des Jahres 1816, Pest 1821 ; (^tos.) Mme. de la A. Ubicinl, Lettere sulla Turchla, Milan 1853 ;
Ferte-Meun, Lettres sur le Bosphore, Paris 1821; (^fee) t s W f m Letters onTurkey, IjM. Lady
( i ^ o ) M. D'Ohsson, Tableau general de 'Empire Easthope, London 1856 ; (^feto) F. Elliot, Diary
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MacFarlane, Constantinople in 1828, London 1893 ; (^feH) E. de Amicis, Contantinopoli, Milan
1829 ; (^H^) A. Slade, Records of travel in Turkey 1878; ( i h b ) t t r i f ' S t f . M. H. Landsdale,
and Greece, 1829-1831, London 1833 ; {i'\o)J. Philadelphia 1896 ; (^fefe) E. Pears, Forty years
Brewer, A Residence at. Constantinople in the in Constantinople ; recollections 1873-1915, New
year 1827, New Haven 1830; ( ^ H 8 ) D. Porter, York 1916.
Contantinople and its environs, 2 vols.. New H. Inalcik (E.I.^l/mfT
York 1835; iiH(t) R. Walsh, A residence at
Constantinople, 2 vols., London 1836; (A'^to) C.
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in the years 1827-28, London 1829; ( ^ H H ) J. cut 'Sftm it? v5C!,o ?<ficitfitt?; n f c ? i i 8 H ? < f i w t f i t i ?
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a Constantinople, Paris 1836 ; (^b-i)Alb. Circourt, l i f t ^ c t fiftui, i t a c i T ? itiHm ici n i i ? J t i t w ,
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VQ
Allom and R. Walsh, Constantinople and the i t I t f t f n ficn mi c# i f ^ i i t i f i i ciigfif,

scenery of the Seven Churches of Asia Minor, 2 fifii fim f i i U f o v Q lititcit iff& f n i is>^^ % f?mi
vols., London 1838 ; ( ^ b ^ ^ ) J. E. De Kay, Sketches iwii c i t i i t i ? t i t c i c i t m ? t cim ?tw?tff <nui itc
of Turkey in 1831 and 1832, New York 1833 ; itmt (u i t T m t ) - c f t f ^ s f i i ? t ft I b-eViSffvo itti
( ^ b r 8 ) H. von Moltke, Briefe uber Zustande und
f?cn fifiwft f i m cj,? fftm iiftft ^ i f i t i cit
Begebenheiten in der Turkei aus den Jahren I t i ? ^^t fitn tlfci i t f t i fcn i ? i t i ut ntiuf:n
1835-39, Belrin 1841; (ibd) W. Colton, Visit to fnf n I m c i c i ? I C citfn <tct fcn fnt n i
Constantinople and Athens, New York 1836 ; ?it? I t i tmii, fif m t n tfifit C l U n I s ^ fi3itn
(ib^b) Th. Allom, Constantinople ancienne et VQ i f i i : i i n I f l t ? ? I C U itcui ftmtff Hut i m t i
moderne, 3 vols., Paris 1840; ( A b - H ) Patriarc i i t f f ? i f i ^ i I t t n S? %? tm|i i n i i f n itt -qm^
Constantios, Constantiniade ou description de ifcii n t f? i t t i#t?t iftii I iii%r itci ?fi?tti?stfi?5?
Constantinople ancienne et moderne.
( l t C ? 1 <MllinH) VQ ^ I f l t ? ( f i f f f t l I t i f t t f i ) , i t ? ftuff?
tntff fimn
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Contents
01^
m CSH I n # ? i^HfHi itr mfit fmtfi mtl ?ttti H^ itm m, itw cm itatw itmm cm itgfwj 1
ifwrti I ib- mtl f i miwti fmf iît itti cmmo c?, iittf%cmn n mw cmi itfttwj? ?twmf, liit mftcwm
mtl, cmmâ mai n - 5 f s f f t i mti i3f35 fn m*[fii i? fcmf? ?imi mwpt^ n t n i
1 "qtmfi i t t i iît
mmi'fiif itt 8 mtl f i n H i t f fimtn ft? f?î 8 i t o f itmm cm mftwi f?t f n itu iffci n
m i iHmti, Sfi l f l cittm 11, Itim "fmttn f i f i i t f i " itcrnitif^cmimitw cm ifftiit n i cm iigttwm
mtms Sf ififs I I i t n ^mtfi i t i citcm f i i Si S^gmfwtf ?Hm ItH m m mwmf mimiHmcmti ifitc?
ft? itft lift? Sic? i?ff, 11c?? 5fficm ?it?m mti m
f
i lilt fia ftm-cmm itgtcwm iti n mimtf? itftwj
fif imfci? ifim c?ft ftfm itim f< imtif? imi (nt i^t mmf? ItfH) isff. if i t i tft fn i ? ? f
5ift?lci 1 cltc^ f i ? Si? f i f m o fift fiut f ^ cif i o o o ?m i # if cm mffwj 1 mm I^F? iraî nt ^
f:mf?,s? itici ?5f?mti, im ?mFmi iitf? i f < ?i va f n f c?tnfm icn i?]m? ficiwt i?f itm
I t t i ? Sit? f i f i fiut ?>iip?i>i cif ( f i 3 cif) lifm ic^vg lilt itftwj fcmi, luitw va Svs? itgpm irtfim fif
iflpf? va fmtf? itici i s f t t T j t iftUti fj? mfimti (fmm ff 1 i?citi f f if%m fiit t m ii it5 (fmm f.) 1
5.)i f?m iftci (voo s cj,) c? cm itgttwm i U Sfifi itmti
tftfi ff?? fift I t f ? s f f f f i t ^ ^ cmmtif m nt m^fifi (m)-iii? Itm? tffci c? cmncn i U m
m*[iii5 f n (lilt S? I t f t ^gcmri, cittm fi? S? f c ? ) ^mciff iittf^tmn cif^ lilt itw cmi itffwii
nt Sifm (tf itmtmf? itti i f f , iîmt iffuti) 1 (m)-iii? tifntci? i? ^tf^ "itn ifm iittf^cmn i H ^
citn mwmff tHivaif?:^m i t m a t f f ? m ^ f g i mn C f
?i ff, fif S?Ht uf 1? I inHt itiifiitf liiiwi
f % l i f t nt tmfi ititn mwmff 1 fi< tffi, f i i t i Hut itîf ft? Iff i t ^ itn-tf (m) (f.) fwc^c^
if f=t? n f t u s j f f n t 's?^f'f mfttn wm liit n? Iff itm tifnti icn I tm i n tstfi if? i m H
i i T t ? H mn -a mmtm? n ? i t i i i , n t n u^^^mHif ?f% itmfti (fic^ g.) I '^"ttm? I f f ? i i wtf^fim
i ^ 3 t n itffn i ^ i T if itm?i I (Justinian I)-n Iticit HUf cmm Itti (Roman
tf^fi s t s t f i i H i f i m I fiitti, "ittm ^ 1 Law) nfi n, cit Itti ffif? im m cici i m H
iif Itti ftfi ititHi -I cit nt? iici ftfi lif? m isfi ?ftmci.i mm micit cm itfiwj m m ittn ff
fn iMiin, Sf igf? ft? i?ff fn 1 f t n <iitii c^n?? m ic? n t tm mtit tftfm Hut cifwm
cmf?^ (Gorint)-n iumif i i 3 t i .nff irtwifim citfim fiwt (i?itf mi 11m citfim, fic? g.) Hfi mt 1 fif
(Magarian)-? citim Cim Itnti f m wmci itm C S i f i m? i%? Sfttn ic5f it^ lilt i%iif cm matcwm Tipisun
itc it f i t f f i Ifitf liiitnm ?iifimm-(mîfiis mfim) ^H ff I ficn l i i t m n?-tHfti i H c'ftmmt^ itm
m m mn n t ftf? flf%cn (Blindis) itu m^ m ?t?5t?s? f l (tovsto'(.) I fifii fwtftiii itft 1^ if%mtf
ftn mn I i f i m n ci, m?mm .(Byzas) mi ifitt?t cmn cnmtftf Ci mfifti ntfw va H w ifim (i
m f t ? m n ? i n mmftmi (Istanbul, ' j . b), Sft mfi cmn ?nT fii)'fif?m (ntfi iti iti) m ifert cn 1
tftfi I ummj? imiitf mwt mm m i t f i f i (Darius) iît s n f i H i m Hit igti <iiti cm itftcwi? Hfifi
i
m f t w? mn n t citfitm s^ti i f n t cn 1 ic? f f. (iTfti%iti), fin, S ^ it&im mtm m i >8 fififi? ii
8 Ife I t t i mwf Pausanius m f t fnm fifi mn i % mt I
VS80 I t t i itcnwtstm Htm cifitmfim mwt fiHi iît f?c^ f f ifemp? S\s? iftm ic? liit iittf^mn,
i n w? fic c5f ?sf?m msf n 1 f f. cj,ife itci ci%m nt f? cm itftcwm mm i t i itnm ifm mm ifim
(Caits)-'s i i ? H w? mfit I t f i m msf n 1 ^? imf? ff 1 cmn itgfsii im ifmt?t itmcj? ^^pn if^nfcn
ciitci cm itftcwm mn cm f i c i mitmftmi ^ if^ Iffm iti ifim fiw ?twj ?m if?c ,itcii itmt n
cmi iftct? i ? j m f t w wfttm i t , n i i t i nft life? fiut Itmittt? few (Malzikert m Manzikert)
Septimus Severius ?5tn ? m 11?H- m f?m ?ttn i
(g.) f f mHf? His mrnitt? met? citEf? imw? ie5,.
ic? 8sf Tfcit? nt? (icj,o8 %, g. -^cit? v'*iff)-'^t
lilt nt? cmcn C i f ? iffe f n itm iffci itftwj Hm mfiwj m? fnf^ itu it I i n f mti icj,viii f mt n
fi^ itm iffm iHtm cm c m vs;j,8 '(. cmi igft mtcii fnt? fftwjci if^ûf icn 1 fif iiit mwmf ^
iittf^mi (Constantinus the Great) iilt I t ? I H mwjft? Sn fifii f f i t ^ i m miffomt? #ft Uti 1
mn nt ftift? 's?sf fit?nf mfim tfcit iljilcwj? mwmf f f f i m cj.? fiNi^t ?n ^t^ iti lilt i^ffH?5 mwitfH
icn I fiw m Ifmt? fH mntiftmm f n mn?i m:n m ifim cm Itgtcwm ii itm, n iittfîci? cn^
[tn (Constantinople) i VBSX-} f i l M cm i t g t W J mmiSm mt flm n t n ^ l U j i - i ' i J i t i 1
tmf fiicm
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Contents
0<H0 t ' S H l t ?T t ^ [ | R
'S^srtf ^?f<ll w i f e W f ? [ M CTl1%CW '5I?I'il%I w f t s . ?f ^ CtttlfAf t?Af tnt W l ^ R ?R? ?t? f?C^
ifff W M Wtft t t R f f t < t C t t t t t ? ? Wtf%?iCt t f t t AtSlf^t I W2tftM?I ? M t f ? t M A? I
attrsi ^ I T O t tt?TRT mx t T R 51H>^4- t i g t w i tf^?t t f W T i V t t C 4 ' S ^ R t f t M W A t R ?5A5 A S I ^ A t ? ' J R ,

'g?!;^ s t t R t ?sra I trot fiR wiRlt sitrsi S ^ - t f ^ l i l t ? ft t C ? "get . I C t a t t t t t f t t M t t , Sft?tt, f?f^
Âm^ >ii?5f^ w?ct stf^tf Rt tArw? C?t 'S^tt?
4ra I tiR C t R t t f t 'S 4 R 4 t t tTO?A J A R l f t t t t A ^ C t M ^^fAiC M
(iAb-tr-iOA^b % ) g. S t t t ?tWJ ^ t ? TO? rTO t i t ^ ^ t l W t I M W ? T O ?TCt? I ? ^ f R ? A R M , sftRlR, A t M , Rl^ft,
iiftt?,rt??|5i A? 'S^tifttt ? t ' S w i f R ??,t, Wl? s f t w ?twj vs R ? l t t t R t A ITO,A M t t t l R f , t t f ? ? PFt?t?t C t l R R t t A l , R i 5 4 ,
tra RtHtcwj? R t t A ? 'Si:Rtf??Tr Ri^twj tf5tcr? iîAtfR4tt I Ct'g t I t f t f ? M A S I ? ^ t l f f ? M ? ^ S f C ? ? 2 t C 5 t t S c t 3 l c t
'S^sjiR R R f t c ^ /Pfffc? Ottoman, c t t ?t?ctt wf?4l?,t f?fRis lilt RAt?t?M CRftfcf?lilAR ft ^ t T
5tc^ lilt Rt5l'stjf5(.^ CRttc? ftAC^ C R S M M M t - M p t Ct?t ?tC? I
^ttl^f? A ? mi "tAAf^ f?CTO tiÂtCR >il?5 - S I T O 13 C f t ? ? t ? R R I W A s f R A R f t f t A I ^ ^ I ? i t W l A T O R R M I WC?C?S
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?f^ l t d I f i n t i e n wm n e n wmt sm fij<iH
S f ? , cim Hfi i^tmtff? m^ cmtm cific i H iefs itmtm fHme n t I t e i I
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CTfN? ^ AS I ^ Atc stAlA t f C W A ltft Rf lil?? t ? S w t M < M tt&f? I t A S f C S ? tc? t t 1 ? ASfAt^

AI?raTOH^ 1 M C A A t a RRtA t t t A (AA ^ A t ^ ) tAt? S w t 1 tt&t? TOttst R?.A;1? 4 ? l t ? t ? t t R S W TO
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t ; H l ^ t c t A wttCRA # t c 4 g mi w r t T O c t s f M t t t c t ? ^ R t M A S I 1?s? sftAt?t l ^ t ^ f r o ? ! M ÎRTO M t 'S
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i R ^ CRt?s ? M ?t '5RTr?T CtRt C#tC t t M I tAF? mm SATtft", fftn t t M ' s wtittr ? ^ ? ? t T O f f t ?
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4McA, 1 A M t t c A CAtt4 t g i ^ t t M A ?tc cttêft iîttcA tAt?WT9ft I
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t * f % I m^ AiCtft M t ? , 4 R 5 t M t t R M e t ? '3?-tfM?it: : t # 4 t e t ? f ? C t ? A l T ? s ^ t ? |?t? I w f t f ? t T t ? s Q f t CS51TOT
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W t M l f t ^StAJCt? C t t t t 4 t M , srtfl? ?tW?t AtWttSt W ? t t C 4 WtRCR? ^ t T M^^ttTRft, w f t f r o <Pt?RsMft I wrtt?
sftft? ?tCR? cft?C?? ^ t t TOt 4<lltst M W t t R M t t C 4 I C?pl?t?t, f T S l R W t A T O W S ^ t M lilt 1?tTt CStTOlt^wrtf?
itf? sffc? w ? M ^ t ? M ' w t f t ? t t t W t t t C t t f f t ' t t f ? At R ^ ?5T^Wt? S t t C A t t - i i l ? StAf?,' Wrttft Atc tft 4 ? t t s t ,
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m^ M ? M M t êcA t t ? ttt?, Aro^tt's w t e t ? 1 t e ? c ? t 8 f t W t T O iii?s3t 4 M tttCAt A S i ctlAlcti?
c t t c ^ AC?? t ? . c ? T t ^ t t t ct?t m^ t t t e ? ? S t ? M !??*(? iit,C^Pt?t?t1^ ? ^ t<i^c<p<! 1^1% W t ? s t t TO I AtfeR ^5?At?
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^pftR tAf M r t 4 M M TOIIC4 Rtte?? Rte?t lat t e ? '^t'illl't,.! .: V
M t e t A t M M t M t ? I ft? r4%c?? cRtt i TO'CTO ^[??tw. CfJ SMfsft fttTT C f ^ l i t i ^ f t A t M R t f A f t M t t f ^ .
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ftftft? ^tt RJ AS I lilt tAC?? w t ? iil?# ^ (Tower) lilt ^tfsft cf^ R t ^ f t ^ t lilt? t t t c t ^ w f t e s ^ ^ w ? t A t ? t
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t t R t f t t?'ê?t?
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Contents
Hfw m i fcmfk it'cn tmfi ^ fsi fti 1 ifevo f?^ ^ im liit mft cifim wu
i t n e n
i % i d I i # t m m i cm smci ff m liit ci i mt ffiu itc î iei^v3 cif iitei? i t m iftufn,

t m itftcn fici ffwf ifci I iffem cifft mitci m tf itc nrne?? m ititfii ^'H^' tr fifin itHi
T g f t m f
tfiif ci^sm ff I ii c i f i : ^ fi? f % f : i wffgf, 1 ^ 3 m? I

i c i i ific i f c ? I fif? cifftva citcm fi? Si?t f i f i 1 ife^^ f fiiif mtl itit fifintem?fH nt
t f SntitH cif I f iftfi cif I T C I ififs I Mi?ni f ? ^ lijilt i f # i iwt3 emit ien 1 ifec^ f ô ncttn
ifeoto f, t f cimfif? Sntiffi? I t e i f i f f i i ifiim 1 ffi fi ?en c i f i c t o ^ n n t ien in? its itei
ic5f
t m m i f c ^ l i f f ? i m 1 1 ^ ^ H??if?? i f w f ? I fimie?v3 mf^ emu icn 1 i n fiifci iuwen ic?

i f i i f cif Snfiffi cif? f i i mifcit frtiufiur n f e itsnnf fif^ fcuf? i f % ^ f i ? ^ (ttifs, sii, f i ,
( ^ i c ? g . ) i m m I f ? cifft c i i e ^ 1 1 cif i t w iMs 1 fTciHrn) nt'iiiit lesf f i w c^fcn fiten ^^Fm i%fH
i i i f ^fe 11cm? iwfica? fi-f w ? i f i t n Siic^ i!itei n m - n i m liei^? f|i itemt u itmt 1 mffiT
f ? ^ i ? m ffcn i H cif??i? ? i i ? t i cif? Scm*ti ic?i I , I t i t e n fiwff i?ii emit itm c i i t e i iwts emu ?#u
lilt cif? it?jeit m iei i i i n 4 i m lesf fc?tei? ?tw?f t^fi ite itmtc ftU^^f? ien 1 ^îlici
I t e i f i f f f i f? I i f if*[Hi, fifim cifft?.cif5 ? i i mt^7 ifim i??f fif m? ne? cfiitf mtfie
iflt
i,(?oo.fitt?, Sff o fi&tg I itfênt itcificif^ cifft? i i ?nen c^ftim itien ?nei Hift ifeii ite
cif^ i c i i I t m f i i f i m fli iao fifin m 1
f f itiH i f i 3 CI n?e^ t 3 i ? fn fm ifnttit cimtfift,
t f t f i c?iiiv3 lirfiit fc?tei? i n > i f ff i t e i ? ?f V3 mien mt fflj itu m 1 fiei? u^sSifn i t
v3
mr 1 I f l f ? I t e i fiut m m c ? i e ?
f<? if??ft?m if??cn tfifei citii f i i ; ? f i i m '{i n t itilfli 1
vflt
ifit fîi Rtc ' S i it?fei 1 f n f f ? i t e i fiut ^sfic?^ liiit I C I i?itff mici tmfcn ^ wen i n mmt nt
it?
liTîei? C i i i t ^ mff 1 m^ i t 3 w f f i f?m

t f t f i ifiu cffvau 1 ? , n i vsmi miH itcw?T5F ? ? i ? i
n? I t f t f i t f?en i m 1 ^ n? n t i m i t f i w r c i g 1 I U 1 ? , i i m i?mien itu? fim Hfii ifnt c i ^
v f l i t n t ? cittm i i <tct ffiut 1 1 ? I i^fijuf citm ?tfi ifiu fmtf? C i t i t i (uft-fam
t f t f i f i i ^ i i f i ? i c n f?ri 1 f i f ^ ^ i ^ f f m nen wu) uf? ifim f i e i i c i v s u 1 ? , ifH uu emu

^3 ^3
ysao tfei iiei nft tnti 1 1 fiiieig?\ei iHfl iU ?f fifii lUi?, fcuf? ftfe ieTci? uen cici
i e n ITJFC1 t f ififc? mei ^ iftc Uci 1 i t ^ itfiltfil m (Family name U sur name) unten
I t e i is> f. liiift itgfii fiif?uti??iei tfei fiifi ffH i?f n n t cien itn^ ifiin i u 1 ? 1 itui
lUfii mtt? m f utuft uwftfn, m w i f ^3 cifiit ffici
lilt i l ? ysao fiwc?? i ? itct liiift ? i wifi lif? f f i ( I t f i i t liifH un) [f.] lUlt ifiuen ci, mfif
ii??iei iffU Sei (^ i i ^ f . ) 1 fifii i m i i ? itei I t i t c i uwSifn f i w ? û ie^ Sm fli u^fii fmtf?
liitifeifcuf? fm, f l , ? t | f v3 itei% ifiufiiit cit if^.fiie? f?en Utffn i?iw? i
i n itct ? n t i if?u itficei 1 f : ? f i ^^tc m ?t|fenei fif i n f i i ie^v3 f f WtH mmen ^ '2ifim ^
fi^?i? I W iftf i u n n 'Sntfiuf if%t tfci?ei iffSii tntf wtf? im i n s mm ut 1 mfen ?fwuft
rnnsfn Smt? le^ liit ?tewj? iutu ftei mt? tftfi iui?H Sm m iftu itu itfttu mei 1 yôo f
i f ?
fiu wm ifeftfli I fifii ifiitfiien leu iiu i t ? fes> i w lilt lift? m f m fll cit itfi uttfêuii, cit
wit f ^ I m i f i ? t % i m fu f f I fli lilt fu Itift in? m iHun if?u iîiflvoic^ uu mt timiff, t m
nei fifi it, iwtw sffin 'te? i s ^ t r f i t i t itm f f s m i t f t f i i

f
i t i t it?ft? ifne c?Tm ilifit i f i icn 1 liit n? tte stfiif s ( i ) Whitaker's Almanack, 1980,
ien 'Jifii mfii ig ntfi n 1 tfen icu i?tifi London, Whitaker, 1980, art. Turkey; (^) Europa
itcc^ (Mil) fit?, im-itUf y,00,000 ; wuHe? Year Book, 1987, London, Europa, 1987, art.
(2f^sftw), ifiT ifeb-s f , im-itut y,(io,ooo ; lamfii, Turkey; (o) Encyclopedia Americana, New York,
^,00,000 ; nfieu, i H f ifeiis im-itut 1 , ^ 1 , 0 0 0 Grohir, art. Istambul; ( 8 ) C 1 1 C 1 'mf ft?t1 ^s ffii
c?fi C l f l , 8,(to, 000 ; i m if-atfti ifnt?mfi?fi^, Istanbul, AND Rub., Istanbul 1984, ft. ;
iflUW,
t f f l nft m iHlf, i m itUt a,00,000 1 (a) utm fiiem, ii i-a, simi f^ cititfi i i nfi ^s
f i t f t i fîrft fii-ijt? i&fijittt, i f % r * f t f imifi ntie?tw fimfim ^s f i f^ fSw i n ntfi,
i t g t e w i ? m cff???tf ^ s t f i m fien i?tiien fien mt ifeSii i?^ timfi; (to) Columbia Viking Desk
t m f fiiem
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Contents
\5trb-
Encyclopedia, Columbia, U. S. A. . . ., art " iicititm mf^ i e n ^t^ i f f ? n f e n ( i t ? w c a i i )

Istanbul; Constantinople, Byzantine Empire, fi-"5ffiti i w I U n t Sik itei itfi m u n t f t u i1
Mohammad II; ( I ) iin, f f f , SiTimi c i i - i ^ m gtf^ H t - n ift m u itfim m u i i v s f i ?
mf cit-iimft ^ citiftft mfi, i f e ^ o ft. i ^-fitf? fi f i f i i 1 % i t m n i i b t t i i i (Ch.
A. Julien, Hstoire de I'Afrique du nord, U f f i l
ifevoi f, <fo8; m->
tt. 1 ^ i^'ô 1'> ^^) I i t m i m e i
fratm, mts i t i t f i i , f i i t f ' i - ' i t ^ ifUnl itftiitei- n t i?jf:i f i f i i fiei ^f i f i i m ~s u ? f t i m
frttf^ fw fi?rt i t m i c i t t i t i c i ^0ti c i i t c i tiittt n f t f I f t i m m f i i i t f f e n ? ' f i t i t e i t i u m 1 iflt
1?s va i v a u f f 1 I t i i i t f i i t I t i t n (Eqitdae and i c i ? 1 u t i t f t e i ^ m t m m f 3 ^ ( f i v s m ) i c i i t m e n
Camelidae) - nt H ^ i i I c n fistn iflt l^svafil l f l i e i t i f i ? ( f i ? u t f t i stallum from stabulum " i t ^
iflisisti mitficii i f i m f i Itfici i tilii l i f t f i ? If^ f i i i t , ins? f i i t i ) iflisftci i i ? f t i t e f ^ i t f t i i m m
H ( C l f l Du Cange, Glossarium ad seriptores iim itiififi m f m m i t m i m it 1 1 ^ n i i m e n
mediae et inflmae Graceitatis, Lyons 1688, s. fe? i t m e n m c m n mtitff i m i t i i c n ift
v.)-m m f f f v o ? i i , Itm l i t m g ^ u t f t i n %Ttfiti m t i t e m gtf^ H t - n m?jei iflift n f f ? iti-?fi (fiiti,
(Stabulum) i t c Stl^ i t l t c i i t i t 'lTt'l 1tift i n s i , s f i ) m i ^ v s f i ? fi u ( m u l e i ) m f ^ m u

ifiTif It ntifci? m^ I t i t utii fim i t ifiun r it ( i t f i u t ? n s i mm', m u m tu, itfir, i n n
m i titti ifpfi umi tui Iflit icif U l f itc wu mvsuft) I i f v s f i ? f i m i t f i m m e i ? m f i i e m u t c i m f i
TTti I tnti i c i i mfitci? ?! fn fiHui i t f i t % i i uuci mf? um c w m it 1 ^îm m e n i f i 1 C i t i t i ) f i i t t m
mff tim n f t ' j f mi I S f i e n wm i u t ?m i m it 1 iflt cwm c m m ? m r f t f t
( i ) ci#!r timft cffifi s iiifici it^mn ftcs c m ttf (? i t i t c ? ? Itft? ii3!) m c w i t i - i t i j f ? n ? ] ? i t e n
uui Iff fin ' j m f f cifiw? M H j fn i uun 'itn ^ f l lm ?fim i e i mi,i i s cmtifiijt m i t m e n S n
cnîw? fiit mmci? i t i u m ^ f n i mftcn ifsfiw f i f i 'm?ft i f i f c i m m < m m e n mHi i^ti t m ^ n
fin ta; u C i t e i ? mt? itfiu uu ^ (mm', mfi') '(? c m WM3m it^lc^ ( c m t nn t n , Wt1 L . Mercler-n
i t i t ^ g w Iflt ftf 11U13C1 va i ? 5 ? i % i ? l U t U m v s ( f i f i , parure . .,,ob(t-h) m m iflt f i l e ? f i % w e m ? H n
m f . ) ftfif I f I C l l t C I I t f t va tfrcn iiiicn Si?
?5c? f n t ? [ H f i e n (f. Xenophon, On equitation, . l ? r t ?
ircn ita? ufi n t mmen u s ^ f i f?t< l U i t f mfim iv) I
itu ufi I mfite? fifii itteuftn titen fifific? c?t m i^fitfii ^ m i t f g ^ tffti i t ? ^ 'it?ft
(Extra muros) f'*itim cUftsfi? mi i l l iten itm mm f i n i f i f i n i % t e n f i t m f i f i i i f m , f T t i va
?ff mm maen ?r?ft? i f i i m fift '^t? m i iflt nt^ ?if%5?e1? m m i ?i i m e i m Itmm u t i f ? e ? n
ftim mg? cut8fie?i c?tnH i t e im m? m r icit fli ifimen 1 ifltn fini i t c i t n i m mte i t e ? iflt m f ?
nt ifte?iftien ftm? n e n im??^ i t i cimt fifi^^ f s t e ^ ii:?j iflu ,flft ?1it i t e i itft ntfi^ v s ? ^
mftenci i m i iit?ft? uHe i t i mt timn i i f t m 1 ^ If inift itii t f iti-fm'it?-ifl? i f iie?ifi
?S5 tt-uie?? ?ft ftft fiiten cwm m m i t c uci mt (\ <fi/iii itf? Itititfi) fimfi'-mut?-m'-fi^ti
C i n i c i t itUi i c n ifiifft i t i i u S^ i i f u f ^ e n (fvsm? ifefffe %) i e f i f i ' m ? ? t f i f m m-fiifi?
i c i t titcn ititen fiit f i i t i ^ m f l i j f iflt f i m f ? m n r w .fifi ii^tn i m f i , c? u f t m ' H f f t m
mf? tm f l l m s T w 1 tim-f? mnien i c i mmi fil ief?j?m i f n t c n 11^ ?'=Htft o o c f / f e i s i t e i ' S i t f t i
wm fcui it? f l l m Uieit sei-mutitien mien i f m ift itme? m r mt 11 iiftiti cifi f
i t f i i i vs miftien i t f i ftm mmi ?rSt cicmietfiu m f i fie?? ?fltft (Arabica, vii/3, ihho,-^.) \h(t, ifli.
va f?-fiuiriff? ii^ci? i i f 13 ijm fsmii ititiensfi f t f g m f i f i i f i e n i t i f i e n , mm i r g p i f i f f i i t f i m
cimen u??ii mmi imfi citiitftft? iTt?t i u i va i m t m i f i m e n "'S[ft?mi i t i c n ^ - a m f c ? v ^ i f ^
?5e? I c m -fitim ('m)-n itmnff, i f i irgHi ( i f i t ^8 f i i ? ? m ) ^ ^ i m f m t ? t f i m ( m ? m i t f t c n i f f t )
i f t f ^ itfiiten meiiei i f l t f i fin f i i t i mtm ?fiu fii citft f f t e n w t m f t n 'ifiti'i-itfri itei
i i t f ^ it?Tei I ititen fii^B? Sitni, i?em? f i m i t ^ m i t e n n t i t m n ( U ^ ' i - U n ) m e i i f i f S ?ei m n e n
tm'*fi (ftes w t i ) - n iimei? c?it?v8 n t i U im wm ( m w i t i t e n ) f i m t i i - i e m e n if?et? f i m ie?i
U i t Fr. Busnot-ifl? fi?3t iw i t ? t e i i t i t e n f n ^ ^ iti. i f i e n I i^t ?ift? ^^va? I t i it^r^ci? mncuei im^sm
t m f f i i e m
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Contents
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^ m\ tH I S f ? n Hif tif i w mtdtti i ? t itfltn i cmt^ ftn ?iwf?

tir< H i dttj HH H H s
sram its i H i ( I t n t i ) i t m n ^ liff fll I mf mm m^ irtn w n vs

vs its i citt, H f cifi
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f-H??cl rni^tn
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Contents
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4tsiR^lTO ^ T r f f ^ ^ f ^ sTOitlMsfCTw ^ [ f o A t a i % ?lt t t , t ? w e t ? t t f t ^ t t artfft s f t t t t t t A tftAt CRtte?

( ' R R g . ) I w t f ( J f . ) ^ t t t ^ R t t ^ ^ (Knightly) Sttf^^t^ltl; Wt^f^'Mt '4ft: fl?! ?5ft:R Rt (Mt, apud De Saey,
=[ <prr5f%? f f t ^ t s i c A ,TOttMtirt f % T O W 5 ? R Chrestomathie. ii, 88) I
(Comes stabuli) ftTO? ^ ^RwfAM-l i
'TOTO' W tA?-?tC?? lilt ^ÂTOt? W t ^ t t R W < 3 St?5 '<3 tT M t
t f s p t w t R - t ' t f t t (A*Vb-1o-AlVb-59A) R t t l A A t mt? ^ (?TftR)-iil? w f c ? ? I 3 Vtitt Rt^leWT? R 4 R S f T O R ^ W?M
tw l i f t sf?ta W I ^ T O ^ ^ P T ^ fttlTO fts=l 1 t%pt? Wl^t?R W ^5t4t? (ft?s?t)-RteA'Q WC??5 Wt^TO^ M I lilt MtfS S t t t T t
? t t t t c t ' 5 # r 4 W ? t t f t t g t t r a ftft^ wt4te?? wt?Bt?*i M, ftctt ^ 'wmif WTRCR R M M , f 4 ^ w t ^ w t t c R SAT ftM
4 f ? ? T wt?tft?5 <m\m ftRtro^ ? t f t ? t f t 4 ( j 5 iiftft tftjt A t t t tfwM I M f R l R AT??t?R ( g . ) ^ t M t f ^
A S I t % F t TOf? ^3i?TOt:t S ^ t t f t t t ^ t i f t r n f ^ t t ^ R t t M a f C A ^ f f ^TO?TO?M f ? Wt^tARttA'S nfASMt
?f? ' J t f t e Wl^t?"=ift ftttt AftttftCTO I (?t/iit t ^ W TO? (g. J. Sauvaget, La poste aux chevaux dans
t?? 'WT#=f ( ^ 8<!50/io1i) (t^'R-Wt'sft ? f t o TOtft? I'empire des Mamelouks, Paris 1941) 1 ^tf? ^ ^ R M
?ttTO, i 0 8 V i i s A O ) lilt 2fTp<I< C4l?1*1?ttA 'SH^-'TOs RtîewT? f R T c s f?M g f ' s , c?5^ ( f t ^ , ?tR'WT)-'eftc TO?
Atx itiMa f f t tw S ? ttr< SAIW? sRitTACttR? 5FCRT3Ct? ? t f ^ WtliPRt i t f ^ C A t t c f .'M ftftTOff
tiftt ?tft?t ftttt:^,".... 5ivbit'^c<<i Rifti? ?Rt Attics ct, C4?ltt^CA TAtet? f ? W ^ C t T ^ 'S R t R t t f t ? Wt^tAR'M
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ftC^ . i ) ? ? ft^ ^ WtC^ C t T O ^ C ? f ? i j t J c t t t TO i5?? t A t t,'^5f2t4tCA s f M t R A t e ? Ct, lilt 2|ftt>sM TOT

S r o t liltotC? ft?I^ ct, wtft? ? t t - i i l ? }?^ Atc C f J tw C?ttTT?ftMs.c g f f ? ^ R?tT?5 CRtCTO stCAtW? MI
TOt t t ^ f t ? l lilt'Sft Wtt?t WtCA . . . I ?t^ wt? ttC< lilt G 3 f ? R?ft^ CRftte? M wt^TOR ? ^ (Stable Boy) ?t
efttT?t55CA? tlft?5CfT? t t f t ? ^ TAtCt? Ct?t?tM? Wt?rt^ i ?tR4 ('Rtt) I TAt? RtM M' C % f t f t t f ? T O Attt TO?
t t f t ? cTOlfttfc?? R ? r ^ K l c t t i wi^TOR-sft w?ft" ctTst? t R t f t r o TOt ItAt? S t e ? M R M ( R t t R , ?^?w
(G. MakdisI, The topography of eleventh century fS'STOt, RtRt, 'ftttR ?rff <ls^?H iF'SAt), '1TO t t M M
Baghdad, in Arabica, vi/A, i S i f f S . >,\rb) i 'sk. (14 R f i i i 4 t M w e t ? t f ? 5 t t , ^tM W f f R c t ? Rfc^ 'Q t t f t a
W t ^ t ^ ' s f t ? WT?? ftro 4?t Attc t t e ? tAT? l i l t ff?ftt tfesg? f ? 4 ^ w t C 4 R t ? t t t ? t I t e ? A ? w c ^ Rtwt^ft?tf?
?'ftt Atc A t ? t f t tCTO itrl) g" . . .TO?W t R - ' S t r ^ tAtM f ? C t ? t s p M s I iil^[tf? CR 2 t ^ ?TAAtC?rtRC^
(tttt?)
tt? m AtWt? C ? t ? t t t t T (ttR<t>
SttRPi ATTO W t ' s f t S t f t f t ? Wte4 4 M M I lilt 'W3'3ft A T A ^ 4l?4lf5l? R T t M
w e t ? t t t J ) C t tTOl" l i l t s t
tte? fttl5fAfft-TO tttft? RtM '^5RC5AR' At W!^ST?t ef?fe?? ( R I R M ttM ''^Re6?R'
cRt4 w t T O 4 t f t ?s?4iet?TOTt M c??5A?it ^ ate^
?5? ? t Wt^TOR 2t?te?? (RtfAi;'R-tRtR1) St? RT M I R t ?
m^ W C T O t t f w t t t J ?tfft ( 5 . ) t ^ t t t J ? f t ? t fttt?t
80 Wt3Rl^|RfC? lilt ? I ? ^ iil4l^ S^ - ^ s s p o p f w t ^ A t t t T O WM
? # A f e ^ [g. CI. Cahen, Problemes economlques M I c t t W f W t ? 2tAt?C4 (?tM, t t t f ? ^ , 5f'Q?tf, SRT?',
de I'lraq buyide, in AIEO Alger, x(iS9(?A %), l ] I f ? f ? f ' R - f t T?Rt-) W t f W f ? R A C T O ! ^f M C ? ? W f A 4 t f
4 i ? c T O t t f t f ttro^ct? w t ^ T ? 5 t t ^ ? t t t t c t ? t t t ^ ? ^ ? ? Ate A t I iil^T#s 2tttR4 ftRie? R ^ , t ^ t t c T O tMtt
Wt^RWsft? ^5TO(? C 4 t ? ftft ftsf ?t T t f t g ?TTOT?
ft?> ftttt iQ i S t t TOTO?SAt? R M ? ^ t t T t T T2Rltf?RtR 'Q.
t t e t ? etc? W t A t ? ? ? ? S l R C ^ ?twrtttct? W t f t T O t%TO f??Wet? RtM tAt? St? R J ^ M I C4tR itt?tt 'S W t 5 ?
wMt?f'!? W t t ^ p ? ? CA 1 t % ?lft? 4?t A t Ig; M. Canard, RAtWe?!? Rt^[C??t R t T O t C T O I CR ftcw C t t t T l R ^ ^CR
la Procession . . . in AIEO, Alger, x, (iSi(?A -Wl^Jf?R tTO iiI4W? t^f5ft,R4 (?t?T3 g.)-iil? RlAtST ftC? I
Ol-b t . ] SAI? ttrcTOtt ^4f?C fttt t^'-f?t?? ( ^ ? A t ^ t - TAtC4 W t R t ? A S f?l^ fit4t? C?ftCt? f5f4SRt, W ? # ?tRT fsft^Rf
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MT^ mm 'St^ ?"fttfttteÎ ^ af^ttfte^ w t R - t t ^ f f wt^TOCR iii?# W t t t r o 2 f f i ^ "mi^ t t M , tr^fc S^ft
(ftt, i t . Sib) t?? t f ? f t ? f (f^, 8t, 1Si>) WtR- s t w t M CRt^st S,tTt? f ? ? ? f ^ '3 -wet? R ^ W f ( tte4 I
t^l^r4ttT?f ( f ? A , o t , ( ? o o ) wftf^ tTf2l fttte? ?T?AtA t t R t f f f t w e ^ ^ t e s ^ vii-icttH? TO t t t 1 C4??f f f ? f t t
? # ? r t e ^ i 'iittte?'Q t T t ? w r ? t ^ ^ t f 5 4 t ? T e w ? W?T m A l f l tfC?4tAt?f ( R )"^5ftî!tt?4ieASTOf?C?tM4i??tClt
AtWT? ?t C t f t 4 W ^ A t f t ?TOt^5t I lilCTO! Wft?8?C?? (Ctf(? L. Mercier, % at., 8 iTO?Mt) 1
w ? 4 T t tc^'Q ? T ^ W A ^ l i l t CA,' l i l t t 4 R wt^t?en ?ett Wt^t?RRteAa' A T A ^ t t t iil4ft f^ 4f^ ?nw M l lilt
t?,ti4 c?i\5t A ' s ' ^ ftsf I wtgrf's t i R ^ % ' T ? wtrotA^s W A ^ 4rgct C4?R f ? e t t ^ t t c 4 t wi^t?et? Rtl?^ ct'SAt ist I tAtet?
ftR W5?St I t t e ^ t t e ^ iili8ft ? T T O TOT t?t<3 tt?t RC*IT C4A C4A M Wf'^ IRCW? R ^ t ? C ? ? e 4 ftf^
t t R t f f?te4t?
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Contents
ffffi i^fim ifl?i ifsen (itffi-fi??) fiigmfn I T S

(mmen t i i t fmi itci? itimf) i f f c n i n fgî^ ?5(:n mwt?fi itiiitt i ? ? f ?iei t?f?
I Iflt
I f f m^mi t n itti? ifm iti-f'mtii-ig? mmici? (iyo\5/i8o.o)-ifl? itajm:n iei m fif? ^m m? i

?5ic5n flcn 1 i ? ? f mtei itnt f f ? itg i t ^ f ^ i m'f ? tmen ititiî ttftei cmt >Q St n i i f ffim
mi m ? i ? f f ? ^/cit^ I t f 'ititiwtf f f m i I t m m itn ifimei tf mtemi iflfitm fim m itfici ticniei^
iti-f'fttienitn (^\fe/b-fe^-^b-s>/feo^) n t initm? t f t m n n, iflt tncn Sn itfm tifimen firm cit
i w
n t f i ctftie i t t i ^flt nltmis) ifimen m j i t i t i t f i ffiitei neirn ifntcn i ist ? ^ i if5F?tn i^flrfi itci^
mt Hire? i^temft cmm, i i fsfmnt lifci i^m?^ fifii mmi imfi eii? iifit? cn tifmo n m i
mfi ien Scîcmii tii^ ?tfim fimenwsfi i?n? timn ift?.fiirmim nt?mntci Hit itsifiien
fiittm cim VQ iitiit? cmiT (g. Brockelmann, 'm?f tm? tm m m iflt mn itm f^fs m i (f. ci
^8-0-8,
vs SI, avo^-vo I t f ? I t e i t n iemwi s L. Mercler, op. Denizeau Dictionalre . . . , U t f i i ifetoo ?[.) i

.cit., xii-xiii, 8vovo-vi)) i itl-ltmotl'^-mtift I t c i itifs i f i f 8 1 ^ ? s m i m s ??tfi? iH f i t e m wtf?
I t i f i t n ' ^ - I ^ ^ ' i ' ^tf5^ "H?m3f n f i i itits ; ? s m nt mitfiiFfii t f i f e n i m ififf ite t i i f g
c^m t f i ^ f i ^ iitfi itftem cin fiew fiie?? fiR u I t i f i f n t I t e m w i i m mte u n j
I
iti-itfi? ffmi t n utit'^ (vi)S>vo/s^fe8-\8ii/i8i)-n (^) cmi miti? 8 tit?i iiH ?mn S ^ it&m
i i ^ n vs I f itn itme?? t i m flcn I isfi it?f ifimt? i^H mt ?fim m n i f ^ cmf?
Iflt wnteit iimnmjf ?^<iemen wm iwf i i Simrn t f n i i t isti tn i ifiei; jteiifiu
t?fie?ti ?5f?e i i i ' limften c?i, itw-i?3?tei? (Valencia) Uewi? H l / i v o i itf? S i m m S n U s
i t vflt
i?s, i???ti;, ii^meiî c^^^ stwnen f i i ? itc

vg
Vocabullsta in Arabico U U i e f m m C.
i
Schiaperelli (Florence y\r<\y f) U l H l i l Stabulum-
im? ?new mt? ^ i itmniên
m I f m ^% m f i m t i t ^ i e n mt, n t S i r n m i i
fi??f^ vg
sfcmwn f^ i t w n mnt? fs i t c ftit? ?jfîate? ?fim mfi i e n itii^vg v s r n t i i H i t e n , m t i , ?i?n,

vs
ntm I t f i n it?Ti ^::.?tei i ' m ? i f tfmii ffen fff I m % t m f e n tm m t i (stabai) n H cm m, fif

mfî
mm?ci? ns f i w ? itc fiifi,

c?imif? itf ifm t f f? c m cmm im ite'jf ^m I t f i n I
?5fien,
ifi-ifii?,;iti-itff i t i - f f ? ifei
vs itfi"i-itwrHi
m?
Vocabullsta ief tit?i iei? m<fi f i f t n ,
Iflit
ite mmf im ^ i it?-mf i vg fm? smfiitHn ^flt domus magna stabuli-n t f m i f Hvsm, ?i?sii1?Hm-
m? tifen wm f v g ^ n i . - 5 n i i i f i - i t m - n ita? itmen ifl? Seî m itmei i fei/iffi imf? cn itc i t m m ?
( f . D . Sourdel, Vizirat, Q:h<t-<b) i i t m f f v s i t f ' l -
m t i 'it?f? cicaj p. de Aicaia itmf? t u m ^mfi
imti I t e iimften cii civsm ( f . iti-m'ff/
i t
iflt cn iftei 'Q^ ftfH fimen fif, ?nn m?f?m ( i m t .
Wiet -i*) I i n f mei-iti-frnvsitfêi? i f n v^t ns
De Lagarde, i 8 f f , ^ 8 * ) i
f vsitf"i-mvsitf vsm'i-timi ii f i i t f i ^t i
mifi? iftt nem ^c fStifi*)t i w m m i m i
?#? itm?i'sfi? f m? "1 mfi-in Sn fin i f ? men mi3fii 'm?f tm ?vsm iiH tiH^ m s m (?fm,
vgTTtf
nt f vg^'sf-vofint'-'fl? Itcwt i t c c i t if cmmem i ? v a ? T m ) ?3?f itm UCI

f t
i l l ciei nm iflt iiH
I Iflt
fvsmificn itieivs iflt itiiift? cm ffs iitf ifiin mt c m mmfi fti f?nem n, uf m ? n u cuftims
itfio n mt itffen fci fim itnt iflit itewt fimi fmti men wm irf? ftitnfefim m
I
cific itt, ifi.1^ ifimm? i ifitcn itt^sfo ^ 8f/ioi vs ( M / i i i imf? Smut i t f i cien iv3?tf
f vsmfi-itwHi i t c tiitf im i mft? i t m n f m citft vs cmmmf (m-timm H ' l - w t n nfi-Hm') i?
i t
mîtniî fien fimen S n fmo?fi fli, i^ i m wu t i f i mwf? itmnfin f i ? f i n ?'Ht iruen tilt
Iflift
mf f l l f-smf"1-timnt ifft i t f i i ' iitien ( f ntf"i- tiiim Sfcn ifHe n f w t ? citmi u m u i f t f l i i.

I
i t ^ v g ^ ) j,8f5 tiotel? ivoTf f?>oti it^.itfmifef I i i irmcn ftH itmn f l i citaH f m ie#ot? itmen
fiifcn i^f^ tif mm? ififii fli i t f e i f n t i n n, Hie? t i f i i t ^ i f l i Sfcn itemHii 'itfi.'SitHuf, I
iiifiifn ii^HiifCf^ mfif f ^mi fi"i-m?-ifl? tii? iiti nwi ifiiten fieiitfn n iwen n ifliH cmmsn
i m n iiieinieii?tnmif?ffiiifîitinfften fi^ tn I m f m^femf mfif ?5'it5'i-im m ittf"i-mt^
mfî m m n Q t i f "smf'i-itn-ifl? ,ift i3f<? n m I t e i iHts nwen fieiufi tn I t n i ? f i m ^? tfiten I
mft? I t m e n i t f ? ^ i t ^ ?tfi-n Sn i itmn 'itmen c m ' iur m-ififc?? i f n m fwt? f i i f i

n
(tofffe/i^toi) ?twifi ?ieifiii ? i ? e i ?tfi timm litemfsifii f n . I

vg
t m f fiiem
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Contents
tim
arabes de Tanger, v o i 8 ; ( i o ) G. S. Colin,

mn \Eimf i t I m mm ifim? Citffi) t?mf t s , i i Chrestomathie marocaine, ôcs i
va i^n? (m?f "i-iim, m^sfiifiiq) mfipf tlwi i f^ f i m S'G. S. Colin
ifim if??im mtew m?f See? mfmif mfic? I (vo) mft I t i (nti f ? itfg)
ciHi (Seville)-'fl? Swfn i ? f f cmifni ftt? ( 8 ) iimij s fimifr? tmn f c i iticij c? n i mf
(Guadel Quivir)-'fl? i f S f T f f f ffiifi:! 1 ? f f l i misitti n t m mfi ?@ Hftn i f m irt cit ?ifH
iwmr irm?'8H ; -Sg? I T ^ I T ^]::VQ f?it f?f? (Jinetes) i!?fffc
i t f i ? nm 'it<Htf itm-iilicn nf?f
mn cmT ifiifff im it I mift mm mn ftn? Iflt ific mmifn m t t|i i iît ?l?ri tit m n, ifii
m?m^ cit^ itc ST| itmci i if%i t?tcn 5ti-i^fi?t ^ Ititifrn 1 itwitisfi?
i l i t f c n
miff Itmi? itmm? cwm p. Aicaia (% isa)

i . , mwnm itiit tfci itmn fiirm fn?fi iît
m w f ?
'm't^'?-fiot' fim? imi i c ? i i cncn (Meknes)-'fl fim fHfit fii p mt wtm fimn i i m m?ri m w f ?
i o v s j / i ^ i v , m v Q i i ? tim%r iff% f i i i t itmn

i i I t m n iffiH if%f I t iHmn i cicm va
w t f ? cim
imciSincTî fimm wm i m mr? mr^ mfir it, fim? î cim m

fiti iTf û i v s T T t ? fc? i?wf? irsiititTtT? iifitifi^ fîtmit t l i m, nt mwnmm mr mmm
?fi?tnlistffn? irm mvamfi it?-mvam itm?ci? dti' ift i t ^ im 1 ^ ms.iiff mtmva t | i i [ iim itrt
mn iHfs nft'firii mftff (corps) -mf^ fn, mitm mm it>sm?tn itm? i f n is va mw fiitm itfir^
i t f
i t m ^ n U5?sH? ciit^sit? uficf fiff? fn i ifim? fifs; 'mf? tiiBt' (timm iitm?)-n im tir i t i
( i f l i ? 5 i ivQ-gtsj) I t c i I t m n iimffm mw ?# i ! i t n ? I t m f m i m I t f ? tiit?-itf flcn nwi S^ iif Htm?,
mfif fn mmnmii. ifim? im (fi^) nm fSf? i t f i c fiH firw? i f i m itntii in i m ift i t f ^ it?c
ts'Qfici c i t n nfcm Cmvsmi) i itmn ifiii (itti
fifit itfic? I mmmtm-n n H Smncn wm cin (^) H .
nm f i m t i ) f?riitn cmm? ifiici? mew fiwnm ?T Horst, Die Staatsverwaltung der Grosselguqen
mfi I n i i?cm iitfim'it?^ mri ififs f?#< m?iffi? und Horazmsahs(iovOb--i^'Oi); (c^) Wiesbaden yi><b8
mfii flcn cit nci? i i m f i firgltf ciisptf:!? fi?^ i<, i o . ^ ; (vo) K. M. Rohtbom, provinzeri und
fci? i ? tii? citvsfsfiri vflt n m?iffir sfiit? wm Zentralgewalt Persiens im 1 6 . und 1 7 .
itfm cim i t I vflt ffisfi? m i f iwn mm? ftitn Jahrhunderts, Berlin i^vjjto 'sj., >:î ; ( 8 ) mifimf "1-
m?^ i t I ' ^ff, imt. Minorsky, ch. xiii=tr. ay] i mit Itft i t l C I ?
mfiff?, itci i t f S " fn s
? i t i i t n ific c i n i f i i itfî c m f m mm? f 9 ftitns mwf? iimitici
i I i t i i s j iHim? I t f i f it<a i ^ m i m (mmm), i ^ ?mt? im it I Iflt cii,?f mftf mmi f m
m i m (wtmm), o i Se,i?tfic ? T ? ^ f i c i ? i t f f [f iff; .#iliim m iti ^ I iticm iim fr? itci cn
cmff? c m s (coche) nm itmm ^c Se,i^ i nm i t n t i l i " ' ^ cmm utir it i cmt finf mwijirl? wm
va t i t ? ftr?ci? iftim? nimn ? j ? ^ fifim? ( i t i f i ? c i t i s Sirstim i f t mri mri S ^ cmm (nt f^ tmm
1 ) [nfipi] mficf fif^ m i ? i i i C i t l C i t l mwcm cnat ^ f e ) i i m mwf?pi m inmri
i f i f s ( i ) Smufm i f i f cmcn wm ( i ) E . i t i t i it ntwn cwtim -a itmiiifirn i f i ftmn
Levi-Provencal, L'Espagne musulmane auXe (ci<(i ftm) I
siecle, aa, yoo, i S i , ysa ; (i) tn'i-ltf?, m'ltf"i- i t i i f ( f . ) itnicn i f n fimm itmen mficf
m'lm, imt. Levl-Provencal, ys>o8 qo, yya-h; (vs) Hf55 i f i m itti-mm nm irf?-t itt? m'ltii
cit'^wci? itmici? wm cmn mnti iti-mfiff, fimf"i mwititm #itim ('m) cwme?i m flcn i
c i m m i J
t>lHMl, ?1?rm ivoic^ H., iv ; ^, trans. Fumey, i, i t i i f i t n i i itiHi Scnci nnmn mf ^J'IRI^ <pli<ilcî
s^; ( 8 ) Busnot, Histoire du rene de Mouley Ismael, ( f . f m i ftmn f i ) i nfe cmm? wm itmen i
Rouen i S i S (., ab-h ; (a) Sources inedites de t l i , n H fiii!m"s mite n mn? mf? itfm it i
I'histoire du Maroc, 2" serie, France, iv, yvh, bb-h; mf -itint? wm ftf i i s t f t | i (Bosworth-n iTie
(b) Windus, A Joumey to Mequinez, m is^ff '^., Gaznavlds, their empire in Afganistan and
i S 8 ; (H) I t i f i i ?ln? 1?m? wm E . Aubln, Le eastern Iran, hhS-yoSo, i i ^ , i i v o , yy<\) \ mwf?
Maroc d'aujourd'hui, 198, 2 0 0 ; ( b - ) Archives I t m e n l i i f i m matewi? fif5f inriva cut mt,
Marocaines, v/6, oov; (h) W. Marcais, Textes cntn citivsH iwn va men wm ititem it 1 Smnmi
t n t f f i i e m
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Contents
t?rm
u ^ tir3 ff? m i n mtti m n t sm itm mi
im m\ itn (g. Sptiler, t i t i ,
ife vssict) i' ml ?tw?tfte ? t w f ? I t m e i ? ufief fi|^ f l c n i stfî
It?, tntfti <3 i t i - n 1 H^ m f l l i f i f i ^ ? c n n , tiitltn vflt w t f ? fift itmi fli i ifltsfie ? i
fitiiwi c i ^ , i f i i w i i f m 11? fiit
ftff i?4ill i t U i ?5imft fli, injcn n m H? i i f itifi ( f t ? ittm),
T p m t m w int f ^ t i n f i i immit itwinm
r s m i i f l i , itfiun, l i fsfim, fwim, i fieii^
fsfieit
f1lm nitft i t ( f . Lambton, in Cambridge titfi i H o ' ^ I cieif ? t w f ? I t m i ?twi?ife??

f l l
history of Iran, v., ^t^^-vs) i ItlWt? vs m m t U ifie^ I t i , cieif itf^ itf-f? HntH ?jf%n?
fwitvQ i ^ f i
fitm ufî fim f l l ifiu m i ? ( i ^ , c^c^to) i fiT|f%5 I t f w ? ?[ftif i t w f ? 11 n w m i m m*ftn

fisinn S f ^ f i m t f t cig-sfie m f % mm n f ^
[ H i t I t n t i f i ifciifi ivQir i e ? t w % fli i f? itf?
fll I fiwif'i-fii i m C I , v 3 i t # t i - t I t n I t mrfti ? t f - H imt' it li-sfi? f i f ? iifm= i i t mei? i f
' j m ^ t m i T i f t i m i t f i f i f c i ? m^ f | i w t m c n f i m ifiti, Itnt' I'ft'^ iwt i t i t n mit^ flcn i tm
m'^> ffi Iflt ifcit1<3 u c u t CI, -fm nci vflt itfief? ifliH - s i ^ f f I t i f|i UH ?-t iKsitit i if
wsift f t f - f i n im if i t u f n
f i i fwt f i f m*tn n H ? T t f n i t i ??tem n c m i - t ^ f t ) - ' s f i ?
(filt1t1t1t, mtl xvi-text nrt. Darke, ii^, m- '*^) i ifnfii ifiiii n t ? t w f ? itimit ( f i i t ) - i f m
i t i ^ i c i ? m t c i m r f i i i i i t i c i I t m i i t f t i itt?, utitnfH ?tit I t i e Sfifi it?tei nrt? cxliii, c l x - i f
I i ^
% % i o o , I t f t ? m ' (ift'^ ? t w f ? 'jiftfi? c m n f t ffm,

itt^ c?i t J f f i S i t f i civ3?t ^ I ffi m t f i t c i ? n m
'#iti ( " s m ) mrm ^ ^ c i i . c m itt? itm f i f i i , Hmt fiti int mmtefi? im) fwntm (fiitu) n t c m
m t (Mto/iisi-^, m i t n t c i ? I t i f i i . i i ? VQ f i t i i t i f f f I t m e i ? nH (tiiii) i m i
tn Wtn? i f l i w i I t e n 'm, (tif'i-ittt?, iii, vs., i f i f 8 ?m fii^ le i w îtci r
i f i i ' i - f t i m-imft, itim'i-ifvsit'i-itf^fim, ii'i) i C. E. Bosworth
(fl-) f i f i i t? 8 titni i f t t?f? VQ m u
t n - m t f i m i t i t i t f t ? t c i ? (f. t e n m i l ) i f i i
itfieT f i f S t ii?rai, f i f r?f? f n [it<['i-mf, m ^ - t
f f t ?tm?.ei?, ? t
5 ? mil 1
t 3 l ? e i ? i t i s f i e i??t?t?s
imtf, i, 8v, esl VQ tsi/iffa i t f ? i t i v Q U fimien
#?i?tiiif?, m c m f t f f I t m i f l l f i i t tit i H f % i
(itf?it, t f 1, c?tcg yvoi f , cî, 8 '\8) uwff? nmi^fi?
m f ' i - ' g f f I t f 1 tn t ? ? t f t i tim m i t n n w i m
i j t i U i ifiuei I I t m i e i t?e itmitn i t ? f i i
(8'bo/yo'b\r-8'\ijyob-o) fitm i f t c i c i ftiitm I t n ftn 'mitl' mt itutfi i U i t ^ i c ^ um mwf? ifMen
n f t ftm i i e ? t ^ ftn i f i i t f i e n i muff? mm Svg? cwtvQ ? T ? ^ ^ t u e i ; ? U I f l i H I t n t f - ? m t n nun
f l ? S e g i i e n n, ? t w f t ? i f i u t u i s ? w u vflt itm ifntwicn I f v s H c i itfiu uu it (fiwff, i f v Q U t ^ i -
i i c i e m - i f f ^ e s t 'flift'itif?e?ft f t i f | i ( ^ s i i , g. f ' m , imt. n . ifli. i t f i i , item iSitoto t-. "=88 s f .
Radloff, Versuch cincs Worterbuches der Turk- Barant, m'ft1-t f ? i 1 i t f t ,ffffs)i
Dialecte, ii, aa\r-h) [t'ftl-t f1t?t, m- Frye, ^tsl i 'Q'm' vîlii t?c itwf? itmi'sfi? u i i ? i VQ I t i k n
?t C i t i i (Citf i t f t i ' l t ? f t i f i t 1 f t l t ' ) I W t f ? ? i w f ? leu itntften muei mi l i - t U e n i^fii ifnfi (g.
i??i=i f t i m t f i t e i c i t t n mii--ii i f f l i t i t e i i Sfifi fimi (iv), ifmQ f i f i i t?c^ i t m n ^ f i f ifimi
f t f t i U i t n ? t w f f ? I t m i n ? i t ? i i tffei c m i f M i s , i t f i i T t VQ f i f i t iwtf? n imfi ^ m e n v Q
c i t n e i ? fi?f? i?t mt? cut m I S^smfnf 1 Sitnmti n t m, Smteien S^-f?tten
miff mtci? itwft? I t m e i ? ifitisfi c h a r d i n itfH f t f itiicn f i i t i VQ fif53t itmiisfi? tttu (tangan)
vs Kaempfer-n U t ? "qe?tff?t if?mfi i ? i f i f e i I f i t f f cmt (ii/ii imf? i t n i ? - n w u cmn Bana, n^f?.
i i t m ? u i f n , t ? f i ? t f " i - ^ f ^ S? ? 5 ^ S v g n e i iJtf? I f - F. B. .Cowell <3 F. W. Thomas, m iVS.'i t-,
i t f t e i I f i f ? f s j f t ( m t ? X V . xvi. xc, xci-m- côi) I s t m n i n S e ^ i t u m m t n mu I t , n f i
i m icô-i) f ? Itt? ? t f - f ? fwitvs VQ Itt? I t f I f f ' I t n it?el t?evQ m t n U U itiilc^ i^ft^ fiH, f m citu <3
p ^ w i I t m i i i t n ? (stable Master) I C U i t i n ? 5 % t e i i leit I t U i mwf? -sm iim f i i t i (ceias)-cn n e n
i n i i i f e i S^s? c?i?tff f t i t n f s f f i ? t i t f t e i i f t ? w u , nmf m^ ifnn <3 S n ? Snei^ i i m iim
Itt? ? t f - f ? fwitvs [ f w i t v s - c i t t n " f i i (Rein) n I f if Siettn ftitn ci?ei? w u itmi mm ^ i iiitci litemtt
I t m I t i t i " , f . G. D o e r f e r - n Turkiche und mftf? i m I t i cit m lieiu mtt ifi ^ itrnm
Mongolischc Dlemente im Neuperschen, ?twf? itmicn mmu ?Tfe?ci ficwei? i t n ' s f i e i
Wiesbaden i<tovo ih^-H, i f l m ite fwifvsm i f n ?i=itc?**ci m fn ( f i f itimue? w u cif? m?tf, voovo,
tntf fiiem
t.H.<t/Qro
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Contents
tRm
; 'wrfft, t f t t - t # M * f l f t , A A o - i i , o i , ; T [ t R >4(IWW<) TOtTAi^ TO!^ fiR ; tAt wftc t t i t ? ^gRl?tct? Rttf???
TOI (7rfT V. Irvine, The army of the Indian Moghuls, StCAlWC? w t S t W t C t ? t t f ? C ^ RcSlfevsftR (At?tf, (2-A- ; S.
Digby, War-horse ^ n d elephant in the Dehli
ftft R l s f o H l (5.)-iii % WT|? ( ^ t W l f , RWo-t t t f t t , Sultanate, Oxford i J s l i % , A l - b - ) i W ^ t ^ t C ? t A t f f
A O A, A 8 A ) WAAT tlAf-ft.WTtS ( ^ A W t f , A * A ) At W t t ? C A t t t f t t fgc? A^-sftc TOttA î^t'S f R t t t t (AlftttRt) ttet
(AtStf, i 1 8 , A8>, 8A8, <^^^1)-lilA C A f C v tRt-lPl AH^ m^ 1^ ttftRI RlAt-ft "fiR Rlt?5 iiI?5TO S ^ t t ^ TO?5t
wflR ia<pft ts^f^t,"^ lAott % t tmtlA ( A t A A H t ? ' W t # J F , t r o StTO ftcTO CSsrtftg tc <î-A; ^î^ft t 4 T 5 R f l m^
O j ! > - 8 o ) I A W A W tAt W t t ^ . C ? t - t A l A t l A l WttS CAt-t WtaCR? Wt?? AtAt s t t ? t A l C 4 ? R T O , CîlR %Tt1?T) 1
RtARtAt ( W t A 'G ttA t^)-ia? tcstj. 1 A W 4lA?tt C t f Q t t A t (Voi/i<aJ6b-)-iif^ WTSFtCt? ' J A ^ R t C 4 ?tW?tf tAC??
( ? t A t f , A 8 , 8 ( ? 8 ) I t 1 ? I t t A t R i ^ >4||t<l=1 ^3 TOfftt c^rtvst^-t W t RtCR? R^ttCt t t t t t t A f R t t r o ^ t t ? t '55?^'5< R = t t
ttT ^ I
j6R/i(?t t t f t "8 i o R / i M t t f ? ' j t l C ^ ?tSfft?t Wt^T?R

R'tft t T WSffR I W t f 5 f t R T ft?C? R?,f tTO lRft
iI4tt^ T ^ ? 3 C 4 ^ r o f tTO StCttfW ?t??t lif^ttft ^^TOtRTOT
RTft^tTCT? ?Tft <JtAttf (r. bA<^/i8AA-b^S'/i8^^^!J)
b-io/i8o1-b- RC? W I A T O t t A ( i ) - T O ScsfCt S s R f ?s?t A? ;
W ^ t WtC??stlft Ss.R'f 4?t A t A t f i R tSWAtCS? t t t f ' t - f R
t^ffWfS ( A ) - C 4 ( r. J 6 i l / i ( ? i i J 6 V i < ? A < f ) J6Ai!i/i<?Ao RtCR
(.ilt O M l t ^ A t A t C t ? C t t f R ^ a t C ^ .^fAJRtC4g. M. Z.
Huda, in JASP, xiv, 2 , iJsilsS. i88-i^J<^) i 4t#5
RTRtRtC W T O AC=5 ? P S # ? Wt^TACR? ft?Wt W ^ ^ t t ^
RB?t? C T O ! R T 5 T O 4 AtstCA (*|,tA?l'R-Attt, Kashmir Under
the Sultans, ?5ft?5tt>^(?^ côi) i <i]4TO ^ t f r o t t t C 4 ?
W t ?T?Rtft A-eTO RS? W f t i t t R f t ? ^ t ? ^QslCAH TOftTO
tttt'-it ttAî, t ^ . lilt. Ut. A t f t , RtCAt? iJsiJiC- ' [ . , . i i i ) I fRT? I VA(?/i8AA RCt? fRC4 fRTR AtT5, (r.
C 4 t t C 4 t t CWm ttSttA-iil CtfW Cttt? C4t? iiI4i5 f "STttA b-ob-/i8o(?b-b-/i8(?) w A t t c ? ? ' t t Sft?Trg 'I? tt?Ct?
Atc wsf 2 ( t R ?5?t A t t t C ? (AtASi, A o 8 , A o i ) I W t t t t J CTOt ?tTO?Ct? 8 s f t ^ ) t t s f t t ' t - f ? WtATO, t?T4 T-t Wt?5?tft,
Cttt t t t Ct, A t R f w ?!? tAttCA'cttiSt CStAt 4 A t A t I t t t t <at, AS>(?-'!s s t t f ? t t , T'ftt, C?tC^ i v o A % , A t , 8bb) i
ttRttf t t ? I H r / i i c l i b RC? 'STOICB? ?5? WtttCt? ttf?^ RIA-.il? ft?r5 ^tc t ^ i A ^ R%tC5? ftfttCS Ct? .il4 t t R ^ R T T O
?5C?? t ? ftl? ?tRS?s ^ t Cttv5t fifAtC?? W f f t t a 4 i ? ? t % t ? CtTt tt!I?C? ^ t?ftf f f t ? R*IT t t t t tf?mfR 4 f ? ? T C ^ I
( f t A j ? ? f i A ) i t t t t ftf? W t t t t s t f t ? t R f t 4 m RR^ f4^ .ilt 4 t i ^ f c CRt?s?5TO S t t T O t t f T O o tte? I ^5?TH A t t ?

M t t p I t A (?oft W S SfRtC? f l f At?tftC5=R (RtA^, i V i ) i ? t ? t f T t t n ? t ? f ? ^ t t s f ? TO Wt^T?R Atc ' * o f t
b - R / i 8 t *ttf? CttTC^ t t ? t t A C 4 TOft R ^ <fti^StftirtC? W t Ttftm I f ? W t t S lilt t t f t s(jTtTt?TOR,t t t f c t ?
tt 4?t A ? r TOttA 'G WAT l i l ^ f t TOttA TOft ftR lilt t t f t tAR I ^ f f T C ? s ijov) f??lf|5f (Tplf?tT, A t , 8 1 8 ) I
ftft Atc.srt? c i l ^ t R t t R f C ? ttWR I ftt tmttAft f ^ f t ? RtftTR ^ C R t f f R t ?TO?W 8 R ^ 'G ?t?,RR ^gRRtCt?
f|R ? t W ? t f ? R t i t sftRtCt? R?,R?( ^ (tt?ttA-t RtAt^-t Wt^TOR R T C WIRtCt? f t 4 5 C 4 R t T R t t I ^5RIR f A f t
t t R f ) I *n? t W t R ^ f t ^ s f TOttAft ?twft5I t^^t^t?tr?t ?t CRTf? (r. V C ( ? / i 8 ( ? i V ^ 8 / i 8 V J 6 ) f t t ?nRT C R t f 'il?STO
^t?t fttCt? R?R?}ftR ( T O t t A - t t1?t-ft tttR) I, t t 3 t W t ATARtft fAttC?t R A s t t R ? I W t ? f M " W s R WtCAt^tTORI
TOttAi^ ?tW#t? T ^ f t t t R CtttJCt?TOT?tAt R???tA ^ f t o i f f t S ^ - t f % R f t t C ^ ttAt Atc C t T ^ W t t t t f ?5f?T:R
( T O t t A - t ? 1 ? f ? R t T O - t ? t m t R - t t i R R-. ; 'Wtft^F, o i V , ( t T O 4 t f ? , fTOH-ft t t A R - t fAR, B. M. Add. Ms. A 8 ,
8o) I <nt R t ? ? t ? ttfft TOttA-iil W^spsn f f t f ^ Wt*|ft?s 8 o ^ , Fols. 1 - ^ ) I
ftCR? >iii^. Sftft RTT (I. H. Qureshi, The i oR/ivfat t T % ? c t t ^ C t t R R g f & W T R t ^ ' t - f R t A t r o
administration of the Sultanate of Delhi'*, TOTft WtTOTC?? w t ^ R R R f C A S fttt-^l^lR? fWTf? A ' ^ WTttCt?
i^*V I o ) sfRtft RCA I f?^ t A t t f M ^ Ct, TA t t m ? ? f??r5 wtCA [ W t ^ ' R - W f r W t ' ^ - t W T T O t f , i t . i8o-b, W^. H.
C? ^tC? <'-^H\(.'\ r ? p # R ^ I W p f h m ?R?tR TO CRtTC? t t t t R Blochmann'Q D. G . Phillott.,^?5fR4tt i S s A l % ( i s > s > ) .
t t R t f fttC^R.
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Contents
i f i / i i r i ii^c iffi=itcj fiHi' itfi Utiwj ci
it stmo Tuiiifim, t m vs m u SnrttH i u i itr i, ^ file?? Hiti I t f i ^?tcici fiic? m?vs ic?iuic?twi 1
nrnn uouft ftitm fli, um if 'wr^' i itmwtf itfi tt?imtci (mmtm) m i n - n i t f ? i i
H f citsH m H^ H^ ifmn uu it I mcut n nt <!jfv5=ci? l i i u I C 1 iHi it?tflcii, tit i H I'sffnii
Itut fn m mrt? i f i f iît itut? icu i?c? cif? iis n3fi?ifii I foi fifii u w T ii?f? (iftf?)-ifl m?m
wtc? cUftsHwi^fa^ uu 1 ? i t , c?sft? I U ^^tc Sji? ' I t f (r. i i ' ^ S / i ' ^ v b i i i t i . t i / i t i i r ; ^ ) lfl??. Hf f 1 t 1
mvs^ i i i f m I t i i it i ifliwi. itffi-t
?5U {yyh'\/y'{\riryiy'o/y'{>>h)-m itmfci iitc?tf Jifiici?
ut?ttimt?-n i f c i l i uniftci? mt? ? j ? f t i u ^ i nHH?f5Iticiuwf?itmnitcun civsuit I iflt
iftcs? Hrw? muici? ui (unt) cuftsli? t#Tt iitcn mf? I f c i (c? m Mm? fiw? u n ut) Hf
fll I m ^ i ^ uwfmci? mr icsuH tfit n t i u fimcn ifimt? "fm itnt?" nt c i t iticn f f t i fjg
iflHm ms-if??ici? mr icn n H ttit fli (? u i m t 'Itmn C U f t " (stable horse) "fiifi imcUf Mil"
if Him) I îTtfUc? finttn citstsfimvs ttm f?^ (regular cavalry) ?fiu lfH 1 U lt?tci (M. H. Gopal,
?5U it cUft? uu u wtcn mr ii^s tt i f i i t r ?
I Tipu Sultan's Mysore, cite? i S . ' ^ i %, iv-bi; W.
fi?ra1 im Tt (uugcm iHsc?? wu 5. D. c. Phillott-n Kirkpatrick. Select Letters of Tippoo Sultan, 1 ^
tfm m-> 1 liitw itn^l, fwci? nsii, Ui iucu,
i>8^-vo) i i r i i f; W. Miles, A history of the Hyder Naik:,
I t m n l i iHnt? i?tcn wu utifn iîf H?t?i u m i b - 8 ^ f , i'^vo) I
? ? t R t ? s u ^ I Itmnfioti (m?itit)itt?H (i'îimf?

i f i f s ?m fiiîc^ s(m it?tci 1 c?t m cifHi
fîfci 'mimciH' ?m it?tcD-n itHc^ fn 1 liit n?H ic^ ??tr tHi i i t m fti Seal i u n Ut citsH
vs
S^ i i f nt u f ^ c n m f?l I U it; ?U 'it?^'?-?tfi ifi?nm 4iuHi cititH 1? c?n i i mH fiUivsfim

mum, cit n? itmcn i??tc? stm nt uf^ ficn 1 tifnt fifiew? i1 I
l f i t ? liuHil nwi itcuu (Ûn), -sifn (ftm
s. Digby (E. r.^)/m. w. 1 . fiu^^ tnti m t f
?w) fum? (if?iiu)-n i f c i iHufi it 1 i u
t^fsrtf g v ^ * ( if?i?i vs Rc4"t; ^^fm? w i f e n
vs
intHii fn fn?ii s mimf ( l i itrw? uf?cf), m^^^t^ mt ?H^ v g ^ i'^Hc'^ turn ?ei 1 iiH f i tu ^te
(cum? ^ i f i ^ ) , mu ( l i ifin: ?twt), f ? um (ii fff I mmime? fif^. u i f i f n i ifiu t m firm
Wl iftcn t?it^), IT?!? ( I i f&Htn) uf? 1 i H ^s
fi?iii i u n I i n uife îit i f ' ^ ft^^ m s i .
^ H cUft? wu i f l i w i I t t i (1H1) fif^ fll mfif? I
tt?-to fi?mi v3 ^ um' -8 finn ( v ^ ? i f i m vs
I U m#ifu fn finfi caf? s fwitm (s. ic?r35
?5i?
fieg^m VSW1 Hsftn) 1 luie^ i t f m ifie itm ut
fimi iv), umt^ (cum? I t i mitcm mHn), f i m ( f w i
i?t(?n iibtf), I t n t i (fH), i l ? ? t i , Hitm>5? (?u i vb fi?m-8 f i l m (uf^ itu ciei tmt fn
mf) vs it?5?i? (mm) I ^ f
ufifwn tfm) I i n i f i ? i H nt ê itc? ?n
fifi iTcici ciuru i t c i T i m f ? ftm ( f i ? mm
H?iti fU finti
imc?tft Mil, unci? f i w ? cuvst ut)-im itmn ttc ^ p ' ^ X ^ X f S . I
cuff ? m I U it I mmi itc c?ii cum ^ itci u = ib- b-i = X = iV
8 1^ 8 v v )
mt c i c i int i?cim m?ri itm ittci itmn listHiici vb ;
u t m M H U I ' S U 1 ? I f i f ? i f i ? i H cifttsH ^ ^ i H
f^ fs I t c i ? wfiuu fic it i ifft ,v3 ?twi,u;n
i t i u f i ? m f s t vs f ? t i f i i m i ( ^ " f f m ) ?H (^- tsixto-
inuiitc< I t m n itc mm i m i iiu.4=ci i f uu (? = is.- vo = 8- isxa- (}-=is.' i^(?) I lilt S? c n n t
^ I f i i ^ t ii?t<3 u f i f i i .?sf?itu (^tiim), uvsmt i f i u i n ite? m m i (Greek stater) l e i m i e n u s 1
^civ3
(cititm) . i t i t ? i t u (immm) iît f i ? c n i f i f i i

vs
t i m i ?ii (itS^)-'fl? i m I iflt i f i t ^ ^ ^^te?
(it^-t I t m f , i i , I fiuu u iffitm f i n -
isvb-ffvo)
vb f i i m e n t i m ? ivoo f i ? i t c n u i u f men cwm 1

mrninivs it?tu i t ifnttii 1 f i f ^^t fimen f ~
(it?uu) mifitim^ liiiwi iucn mm f i i (g. i t i t - ? i f i f s ( i ) H. Sauvaire Materiaux, f . ; (i) don
f l of the Dihli Sultanate) 1 tit mr "flt mitcit Vasquez Queipo, Essai sur les Systemes
i f i f i I C ? C I , i f ? t f i % i ficii i m i u iticfitf? metriques, i i . I
i f l fn ( i t ^ t miuf, i, yi<{-8oj<\ E. V. Zambaur (E. I . " ^ / f i t m ^ f 1
t m f fiiem?
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Contents
t*lfH?l
mi m? mm i m t f e i fieifi im sm mf^ M i t i m
Snt (Metaphor) H t i t ? <ptltc mf in i cit m H I t f tm fiw? l e i " i-j - .'r, 11 ^1 , - ^1
tii%^ fcn 11 C l l i i f ilim l l w l l b v s itUci, Hit
i Iflt 6 i j _ ^ , _ j j L i _ 6 j i ) I t n fmm (f. î^/b-b-S)) f m m'fi
tfw?t nit I tm m 1 ? . ^ ff fim ciifmi m ftfiH'1-fmm ( m . m m itfi, rniemivsîva/is-ffa, 'j.

i f l t s f i i t c tm c j f f f i o t i mH f i f ^ ilHifii i c s f iflt io^) i m i f C i nt t n ' i - ' ^ ' ^ {i.H8/b-b-H I C I C l U )
mft? mfcn fini civsif fifii i i c n w m cim tm f i f l - U f ' ( m . Kratchkovsky, 1 5 1 ynoa
I W T tm m m cut m itm i f t imnitcai citi % i) m n ifci CI i t ^ i m ifimen mf fm^H f u s ^
imi I t t I He? s m HniH i H n stffiH ft% ciici? m i f i e i 5 ciem^ i f m m cit m Sitni S^
I
ifici i f l c i i T c K s m irBtnt^ i
ifimen cit'sH m f m e i m n 'irmf^' (trope =
in f c i tiH'mit ntH in^s in^s cin "lUiigR
^ L ^ ) , 'Sm (simile = -i^-u^) i m ' n ^ l ' (Metonyijiy
ii mi 1^ tui m? ilt" f i i t c i r w o i t
ifliSFcn
= 5_.L^) ftmei i U fim itfien, ifi m f itîfitc?
(Sitnnii f. t n uf^, m-'ti^'i-ittli, iticm Simi'sfi? ifimtit t f H ' i t m ' n t m f ^tn-sfie
yo(th/yh8o, ( M . , vovob--8o) n t , i n S i m mti ( " i n itnt mfimci f t i ^ ituei I t f fum t n m'm (^.
mmtm") ifmmt m w iit mte itei (Simnii ien ie?r)-n cm^vs nrnei icmwi, fiH ifiif
f. m-fitmfimi, mtt.
vaô/kivs^
i>s>î> y<\o, ^
tm Uif'i-fi'i (mt. Bonebakker, I t t c n
L y a l i , m e i t E
8; fmff, m^ mt'mH'i-iitfi#i,' mt. 'mfi-itm

iisffto <{.)
i f c i tffti ( f ^ o t ^ ) tfH'itm i% fieumei

m m mptw, itmm yoiro/yubs, mfif, m -
va io8-(?)
i n Sim Sitni fimen, f i f mmtitm gtH? m i c i

vsi, iôo;
f v s m m m , m . mim mm,, miem yob-o/yhby,

iHmmci cim mt i fH ifcmfi tf'itmei ^gi n H
i i , ioS)
nt f. Bonebakker, fit1 UimH'l-tlfl-iira Sn ttm, Sim ftite? nfmifici 'm?mit?ie? (mti) ?5fi? icmt?ei
tmif is>tob-1., t. ^'^) ^ m mf' cmiifitmei ffi ? T ^ i m liiiH mn f i i t e ? cifimen (mva g. mvamHi'i-
H n ntH") Ifimm m [f. mfiw ,rni-rnm,m .imtw -s\ i t ^ ^rnnufi:, mem ivo<ti/is>va^, s^j.
mf'i-itm f f m f n , mem ivstoVi>s>8b-, aa fif
stfs vg
8i,
a, fitm ?H ?fim iHfs) i t n ' S ' i - i t f f - i f l ? ifim
f. 1^ cin, m-fm^sm, m . mti, o% av-h;
1-b-,
i t e i t i i S f Simi o ?u umrtnitf u i t i n
i i , iffvs;
^ 5 n m f , f. n/s>i i m f i me-i imr, itifm% m -

Wf?
ien wu ? T ? ^ itif'i-mvaufii (a-.ijVi .i j ^ = "?u

vs
fsmmi; fef, mem ivs8vs/is>^\a, 'j. i ' i n Sm'

c?H")fmmii=U (ijijji) iute?Sfitmei
^<î]
icit t f tcmiem i i i f f i fm^5fiiieii, c w mf 'mn

Wf? ite?
I I t f ' t i t l m-'itiiff (^. ien ie?)

tn'i-'mm'i (^. men mmtH), fiit mm?itei
('J. b-b-) vaS)(2-/ioo8
i f fit^'i--fiuittn (itieu ivsii/is.<t^,

i<t8/'^'ô
iHfs fll ifim mt m [g. ftff, fifiif "i-fintm, itt. ^ .
C i i , itmH?fi ^s.vo8 nu, 8 1 ; mfiwtf, t ' m , m . m u

oao-b) fsei? tfH'itm fititit i?Tt?'sfi? (='tifti)
i c m n t fimH fiuwm i U f iSi, itf i n Sim

miem =l:.
H i t i
=G. E. von Grunebaum,
imi iki? f i i l nut.fiuen n t it?i ciutmen
ivoi8/iS.(t8, iob-
A Tenth century document . . ., Chicago ihao

(ficn ifim f ? m i t e { f Smi?.isfie) cinme?
t n u f i ' ,-m-'Sm, mem yoao/yhaa,
f:?lf^ f i m m?mitite?? mm>i^le?? m?m tm t?i?
ii., % 1) i i , '
mm (^. yaa/^î i m yob/^Ho), itf 'Smm (^.

? T ^ imtm? l f l I f ? ? nt i n Sim mmi n t i f
^vss>
leim C i i t m ifns fSmn i f?mf i n Snt'ssH imci

ôs./br^8-(f) vs mm*^ î^s/b-ob") I g. t'm, 'J. iob-] I
f i f cieif m m t v s mtl ifimmH i n Sim fiitc

tm I t e i m t tm mtifii ?^mf (^.
m m ifiei ifim mt m (g. m-fitmiHut, vaa, i?
vsb-8/ii>ii>8)-? .
fifi--^[it f t'wiH'i-f?m ( m . firm ititfUf

fmt tfe iflt tfi u v s u m c i , liit ifeinH
f f m mif"i-itm, i m ^ mitti-'fl, mem m. H.,
ivs)
mf m c m v s m m fitte t f H ' m i f t
is>-b-i) îfci? ien i t ^ f f ,
i i i f : ; !
fii^ ftmei u i f a itîci mf iSi, t f temieu ' m f

Iteimt? lfl iHva ?5mf?
mii?i S? ifit?t ifimen

i
mu mu meitnt fiiei m i n fmiff ifiim fti

i f i i ? i f i i I 1 i i t i
c?, i n Sim m fifs mitci fo i t i j c i T fsmfi mm n?

I t fimfli iflt ifum mm (ioo/vya-ihy/hos) ii
mr nt cm fnt iHmen c?, i n Sm citucit iiieuu
I
(mvsmt^'i-fi'i) m . mum 'm^'-tGvg3n, micm

citun t f i ^ f i item mm leim i i t i f e i
i f
f , a^-bo, i f u m mfii mm m m n t
i f i i ?
wittf ifiu cmei i cien ^^t finH ,mff (^.

i^tovij 'J. m l ?
mm tm nfim fim c i '?fimei) nt tfe

vsb-b-/S)S)b-)-n itcitnt?va f ? ? ? ? f n t tm m -
imivs i ^
tm ifltmei civam itmei," cm fin m m fin

fH
I t n
t m f fiiem
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Contents
feMf "i-^Hft "ft fn? itfnf nf?'-\stf?T? m-fsW?t itim-vfl? nft ti1ifm ift fim ?5{imen, citim
... (mt. -sfWf mwi, tn yob-a/yhbd, ^ . mmen'2?fitj imei ?m ^ffci "tm i m lem citif^mm
toSi-<ivo,
ho-8) ti n t m titit?t Hcinm fsH ifimm mt (jj^j I a Sitnel tif'ir?tft fif5

.vll o - ^ ) " I f t f ?
s ism nt? Sffffi Iff? l f l rniwff nt tit? i n fi?5 ^ê iitfi <!i n iffnf nwi citci? ififwimei?
Simêfi i i f i e m i T I f f i iflt i?nci " f s t i i n S w Sn iffi i n Sin?en cwm âtii c?n it^ffl
ifTjcii? I
(r,, ^ - , . Sj(îJi_M.i) ifim-iffi i f i m e n f^f?ftn cffT?

I
fiit mrfi mt tif'it?iei fi^tt
1? 1 vstii
f & f ^ im 1 ? m^m w u sremwr i m i f i m : wf? w m iiiemu i m Sm m?m mi muei i?f m

va?5ii3t 11m
irmwj I f i i i m ?T?m? mm, c?mt 'ite?'? w m ffi? m?ffe iitfi ivam fin fsm m m i n t âift ien
(_î_^) mit? i<'t?', itm (^ i i t f m 'eifs'-iii? w m cui ?f?m ivam (lat fci n u n t f Ufm wm 'liit fi'),
,7.)
f i i i t ? (j i rt)mit?Kf "Se5? ef5" t i f f i i ffi titei

.r
tm cftff^ liitii ifim Itu iU m, itfi
fiva ?5fi
"fefi?inSim" .-.()-.... . *jU-iî) ?fimmH ?iseu? fistm va ?jti?iire? 'jtf f m uftc? "sfim m
(2
?5f??ten t? iit?ei f f i fiif? i ? i ? miim i i fefi

I
(?sm iirmafi Uitf, f i n , i s s i. Sff m itc
ifim fie?nf i m n t tm #?wf? w m f i f i t m n i e m w i fgi ific ' I f f - m ^ t % fienme?

l t d ; liit m 'jf
i m if??e i t f m w m i e m w i i m ? ] i i t ? mm ifi n . mtu Simei? ift Uitf m im) 1

[ f . f ^ f ? iifig^ SimiQfi imei m e i t n t , fmim, t n
tn ufi aftb/yobo-s tm 11m 8>55vo/io'io-i)
m'ffifififi'i-f?mi,% y)><b-<\\-gmwfm(<iiiijL^)iHatm fin'i-'Sim (m ?e m ioh-ao) îfci mri

ivo^vo/itpvos, i i ,
file? meimt, mrm, i t i i , f. yo^; fmn, w t f i t m , ifimen ci, ffi mtt 'irf iri-msnf? itwt? ifi ififg
t n
mntm yo8s/ys>i(t, 8b-s>i-sii i; mfiff, m i - f n t m m , fien, f i f t f ic^^ ffi im Sin?ci Sim i n sim
vol.,
i i , 8V0-8 1 mf .ftiti, fimf'i -fim'mmn, % ooh ^

leu c?n u<m ifim?tc? Seî ? m i t n t f m
'm?f1 - i t f i ? mi-wfrnft-? ifttntm m m f ^ imei fie? 'jiîei? n? ffi cieu^ rniiitinft rnifti-â? vat va
i w mi] I tir isf f m m ifim m^ms n ei, cit cwm ie?T U<fn fi"=f? fie m< it^lcn, ifis mifti-ci f f i
n imm tf'irm ifiu caffimi ciutiten {% ^8i;

Hfi m ?>afi Sin?ei? s ^ i ?#men Icm "mm fsmm
Uf iSi, f. f. ^8(t, ws-(t,'Gi8<\ fit? fiuti ^ % ish,
c i r s t m (?n fsm if?) cmm i f t m nc^"] c i t s f i e i n
13! iff <jii? mffi va tif'itu S? cnsat f i u i i m m
Siitiafi " i m t ^ ftj? stiff" ( s ^ ^ i ^ U . ) 1
mi1tHi^tmiu) I ffi i i nwcuu i n Siltvsfi
'mft t n 'mifii-'mf? mi->^?wif (^. icim, cm "S^ umi ite? Sn i m fim if??tci"
vos^Viooi)
m i n m f ^ fifi mifti- g tif'mm lem i^ nrne? Uiift? if??c i n Sim "Svsu uien fe itfimci ite?
i f t i i fin ?>m ntmijiitm?ft? f i i S i i t ^ nti i m nU" citltei ifi im va Svgm mtei? ifftei l a n fieiici
1
ffi,tf? mi-?titt (m?em yo'ô/yhay, f. 8 i ) fsci, fieifi ifimen i f f Sm ifl nfs; lei (<c J
ifimme? ?<fit ifiiten c?, mf fsmi-n ifim itH#
<(_j 1 V j), iiwcuu i n Siuafin iitfim fimen, cm
îit
"cii nft mn m? ffi mm mâm, n m fmâ m?

"crm i n item fifie? fii ff%m" mmft? ifi?e i n
t m
C I cmm mm ê?" tif'mm.iei,.??t Sf Sim (miffi)

Sim "ctm i n item nttu fii ff%m ffnl" (iiu
int iitntm (itn mm) 1 if tif'm?te m? mm nt
^s,) mnt", cituci ffi ?fi?ten i n Sntft nft Sim
'(ifi-tif'i-fitil? = j o o u f ffici if n ( I f l -
Sn iffi ctm i n item ifi S ^ '?im
ltn-j^vi)-n fitff?^ I C tif'irm i f i i
(?5fi?
fim) I i H n "snif" imfm i n m m

1? I ' f m
I f f m fm, if i? i i mcij? mm lem itf?^ (if%l), (?) (,.^<:i.-0)
?# fiim ift (fsi) i m mtii tTffi? Sn iffi i n Sim (mf uf^ftemi ^ ir^jcii? Sn iHfi) imi
va
i m n t fif? i?im i n Smei fi?m iei i m ,

(jl < n\ \ <J
"ii,,
m i 'flt'sH (nweuu) Sim s n iff%, mum ifi
J tltfi; fitf? (Ritter) i i HH nH mn if 1 ^^t 'îfHci fH-mva mtiite? f^f^j
'1t?^-?1fl? Iti-'' 8;^s.-ifl? mmei itim ifimen, fif i m i fieiii fie u< it?tcn n t fH
? I f i m ,
n t tm ?Tt1lf?fimei; f. mi-'Sim,
lt?va ^ 8 0 ) I ffi it?va ?H?tcn c?, iflit i?m i n Sim ii^feei Sifs^
i i ,
va
ftir#? vflifttif'iim ffl?5r? i f i t n itemi feHe, ite ite? 1

11
i i c i I " f m i t n i e B c i i t m me^ i e n m i - i f i i n f Uitf (^. 8<ii<b/yo<\o-8) mm fi?i'i-mrf (mem

f i m ? , m tmr? >i)mtt (iit) m i e i iiei mf^rc? (i^ffs, iv3'Vi'Sffv3, ^ . ixsS-'Jjfe) f a n ^^^[tf vg 'vsftf mi--Si<l<Stlf<)
tm w m i c i t i i ) " f i m ? # ? t c n n t t f e i f i f i t n (?jfui?)ff%c^#'itmn;^'imi?teitsmu^ ifimen 1

t n r f fiiem
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Contents
t # l M OW
HH inti (cm^) UPH F L - I T E

"(TF fan" ffH m m (f Ji:.) ticuf uugimu^ ( ^ i ^ i ^ )
m r ^ m T'jH'mf HpTtW'M icn ut nt, latsHci I t e m uat ifiu i f i t ifiuen, Ufe t f m ( < _ . j i c )
HH T I % i W f Hifcn I HH tm ciRva utliffitmicn i f i i t i f n t i n c j . ^ss,m- % S'J*;"5- % onh-b-y,^. f
I t t I M O T M m S n ^twf i t f i n n , iff m r f 88y-o) n , ffm ien n, uirfimH mei tm mu
(oi; ..,1) "CT (ft) mtti" ific lilt cwt wrsfrHici cm ^ f f tm fis^Hien, itfen leu itiif (^. v D i o / s > b - o )
"fmfi" I F E ^ ^ n mi " i t f i n ^ " ifie "itficm" ' i t f m - ' ^ I S l t f l ( ^ . '^S>b-, i g . ^. 108b-, 'J. lOiJjbr, I f - 1-
mi Itfiif!" nt itntf m^ Snt mr cffTI 8c^s>, f. ioô, i, I f - % 8oy-i) in fH Sen ifiuen i
Sii FFILTIF civsit ftitei mff^ M T f m i m itit ie tmiH f f e n i f ^ n,ffuSiu (< , j,-),
n , I^tn tfcn I F m f uw* n itt (fi? F . T N ' ^ - ^ ^ F F ^ ,
Iflt
i f ^ Hm ( j ^ ) nt i n Sim ( S j U - , , i ) - n fimH
m-mti, I F , o<th) I "nt m 5 cici (fmti,
is> " I t m f t c M O T " m i t n s , itm mi i n Snt
utut i m i e n . I t t nt tfu n umtimsfi?
iflt
inti I U ititei (d J - -. ...ii),.'mi' s n m ift fnt i m i i t ^ u fiu c m ie?fiH Smn i m ifiut '^
s 8)
mt ititci, cit IFLIT itc tfei i l l i u ititei UtUen ('J. ' ^ ^ - b - . I f - 1- I ' i t i f ' i - i f f i ? - i f l ? fiit
8vo-ff)
(-CLÔ J I ".., i I ) I fif iTsi Sflrfi n I t t , ci?i T M ifliH

tifmuiif^ '3e?lf%: (3L.^)-ifl? nft, ncif iiHi m*ffii
551 SHfi ^ i f e i m i ^ " s i t ( j i - ... n ) iiHfien ieii t m ft liitt cui ( 4 _ k . ^ 5 _ o ) Utuei (%
ifliH
m ie<if uwo itiTci m i m n ff^ Uiitei ( F I N , Oi(t-% 1^. 'J. 0<\b-bo, f. vo-Isff, I f - 8^(?-'Js) I U f iSi,
'J. yo8-<b) I c^taH nt*fiu I F ^ Sim Sn ifflr I F I I T tiH'rnm cm:si nt i f i mr iiH mu!fim mti i u n
n i l n t m I T L I L T citH Ifln i i t i f t ^c i m n t cit l f l wu i n Siu ftitn t f icui lu.n mitcn
itirei I t f i f fiewitt i n S n t cit'sH leim. cit fi? mmi n i t f i e ^tn i ^ miii ifiuen n ,
fH
tifmt'H cftffcn Hit TE,'MIIfn fmt n t i n, i ^ f ^ ifUn iUt 'Itfiu ( 4 j j L _ c ) "m,iu mi", 'iri'
fH cit^fiei I i t f i m fiiten i mm n i f i e iten, i i ^ê Si| I i t f i e i i mf%? Sn tm uH cm fii.cn
"fcm S F " , cieif c m 3 Iflt \55i itiftj ?%tei, F I F ' ' I t f i f i ^ i?j u, fif m I U mf% uei? f e cit mit mtn m
fiiten S F " l e i , cieif f i i t e i ifln fif i t t itfti S F ? U f cit I t f i e i ? f e u m m i f i (^. OH^-O, i f i-
i f t fut'iu I f t c i t n I " f R S e l l FC^n sH ^ I m " 8^0^-8; f. ooo-i. I f . % oso-i) I n n i t i f cinei
(itu m) I t e m i n Snrit "titeuii I I m itemieuu fmtm fifi^ iH cn.ici, "itH I A I H Ht! cificH",
WFisH i t U c i itwfti" l i i SiuH leiH ifi^ ifuft, tfe mm m Uf itei tf i t i Hten liteim I t i i f ?
mtf SuniH m n H i f i i isfi ^ n Siu s "ci 'QiH, t m I t f i cmft? S n iteui i u i f i f iH cn
tm tueun um ^ti, m ^fin tm citon i H i i "ItH mm If'^ttn wu tm Hit irf" (j_j ^ÂJLC < U )
Uiu" ^ê i l l I U ituci I ITîfitc?t tiH'itu G uem ' i f 2 t ! ' nntm wum (x^) m', i f t ?i?m m ,
T ^ l i - i f l ? u t i i ifimtn H*ii i u n itt i n f e ? ' S i I ' f i t I U mm citest iHit? lei i i i u
tifitu Hm i H " S I F ff I t e i t n t I F ^ m ^ ' I - i t f i l S C I n , 'mjjf!' ^ m icn ^ i<, f' lei, ? f i fn

m-î5isn% ( F . 8 ^ I / I O I B - ) itmu'i-uitu I F C I (nrt. Hfm? nu m n , cm ifliH i t i s F i fj? u
isff
H. Ritter. tftfi IS>(J-8 ; Wtin I F - H. Ritter, Die l t d (m^s f. ^.oib i . , if. I ^. vob-o i . ) 'mg'1-itH?
f
Geheimnisse der Wortkunst des 'Abdalqahir al- m m3T nutUen n , tiH'itu sfsfi n f i f leim
Curcanc. Wiesbaden yhih f ) i "mfl-mft? T M c i f miitf ( m mei tfe cfmcuim^ ?i mei)
Iflt
I T I T ' t f "l-fm -îêi (mteu IVD'ISI/is>8^-B-, ^. ooy-8b), s ?n cm iH ien fwû ( j i _ _ = _ 3 . ) n u s ^ fwnt

Ritter-n I C (f. F M Iufi itfm-n itnen ffiit, ( j - L i _ a ) ^|?tftc itm ( L L ^ ) 'fwf?!' iiH uim ien, ^ i i
^ . 'j3)Ufmo m m - n iei f i f i itUfii, I M 1f#II cmt tm fiit n f i i i i i n t fifit ien if??e m?t?i
ii tiH'ituei ien f t u ? * ( M I ) Him itUffi i m ien nw u ? f ? t f m (f oo-y, if- % 8b-->>, f v o i v o - 8 ,
mrlfeneicumiifiuen IfHfH;cimn,tiHmf I f - % 8\o8-8), f i f i n ffi i^-lwi,î fmtc 'lifwfU'
I T I cm fifci m f i ^ n^ uft ifiu uH I U (pL_cji) I n u '^-fwfu' uim ien, n nwi tfieu funu
ummft? ru? irfii Sm f i n f i mi n nfti Siie^ cfittUd, m i CI newt i?!U ifie i t n n , iH
iflt
ftilên fei mm ftitei itu uci i Uf iSi, itnti Uf ifie cstt ifieen mf i t i , ( i t f ^ ) cmft? flrnt
fsei fH tiHltu-ci cm ien -iruii if i s f (ilte, cmtt u n t i ? mîmii (-=5. 8 1 . ; i f - f I - ) 1
I t f t e m Hf%E n f f i H ifif5 I I ' ) ite m itfifii 'it?g'i-itfnfi ??emn%im'S?fiti nutften s
tnrSt fimn
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Contents
(4) (Rt î'W S t t P s f t RRTOTOfRTO S t ? tft# S t R t C ? s ? t ^ ftttC? 5 f A t 4?t A t t i c sTO?W S t ? ( l i l t ) R t T O t

(RtslR M 5 R ^ SWR TO? (R C 4 R CTOt iil?t Cjff'S^s fttTCTO Stft ftft t f t 4 f t ? T C ^ est, b t t i l C t l ^ f#<t3C?s #=f
'TOTO'-iil?TOT%m' I TO ( W t R T O , fft^t, ^. A i - A ) I
(t) Ctt ? i t ? 5 StRTatRTO?TO? ^ 'f'TTO St? sfftfli ' W r ^ ' R - ^ ^ t f t ? W f R - ^ ^ A S f t f lil?? t A t ? 4ftt?
cttatR C4I? 1?ct? ct? w?%t? f r o CBTOT'RTOT'fs' i SiSA^fts ^ t T t ? t lilt C t , j-j j W t A t j
(t) ctt ?it4 StRT?slR ilR? i f l ? 5 Rt^CtT? St? st1%f% J I " A T S t iil?s|S ft?A" ? f C ? t ? t ?T4T'sftC4 ftft ?it4
CTOR <M ttAtCtr C?T?tRTTO?ilt ? i t ? 5 S t t T l R At^
SttT fttlC? atAtTO?Rt, ?fRt l i l t CTOt M t W?T? ft?^
tr^
(i) # # f % ? 5 TOTO WRT Ctt A^'sfR tfg?TOTW ^ ?5?T

M R RTAttT ^tv5it S t t t ATAAfA ?Rt AtttC^ (RtAt f %
TOS 'RCRATf fft'-? WRT 'WlCRT'; (A) t%fITAr i14f ? ^
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TOT tfg?TOTTOTm^ ?^, ?fta RT^tTC?T?-lft;-ftft
<(_, c ^ ^ / Li^J "Ci-o ^ 1 J ,
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"f^ftrtt f ^ ?Rf"-? W?T "Ctt??-tTTO. RfS! W " G ()
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( ^ . ' S i o - i i , W^. ^. i S i b i - A ) I ftft ? i t 4 S t t tftttC?ftCARt
()?# ? ^ '*HS3iS|':? TSiRJ " ' Q ? ^ R??5C5? R ^ f ? " - i f l ?
? i C ? ? Rt r ttAt ^ 4 , ftft " ( C R ) iil?s|S t f ^ ttAt t t t M
TOT "tfT? R ^ f ? ' IftsjRTiJCtT? S t ? sfftft ?it?s SttTaft
ftft^ TOtC?? t t S t t T s f t ? , Ctt'Sft SAjCt? W ^ t , TOT J5tC WtC^ ^R Wt^ A t MTOWTTO Stg? ftfCt?
ftft iTOtlR tftrotft ?T?TO ^raSlCA-i I RtftTf^ CTOR ftc?l?t ^^Rft wTsfflR" ??c?? Atc?t? crog flttaf^ 1 C?R?T C?^.
4 M WSt? TAtC4 lilA? 'QCt
(Jj_^)TOTsjftft ? 5 ? lTO,CtCAf ?it<P StRi ?f StRtft i i l ? 5 T O C ? 5 R M
i f l ? 5 f t RTTOt 'act? St? (C?RR Ctt^t? Rft^.tTCR? fRTO

ftctM ^f^C t T C ? Rt C?t " S t f t Rtt I liltSt ? T W 3 f t
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CTO) stftft RCA, C? i f l ? 5 f t S tTOTfttftC?slR ? ^ S t ?
?#TO' ft???^ ^5tR lilt^ft t?Ct? ? ? C ? ? "S^, t r g C ? 5 f t lilt
Sfftft (C??? f R ? Wft'^ W M R 4?t ,C??? ?#?, RCRAt^
Kg? S t ? WSf^M StT^ w f t ? # C tTC?? (*(. o(2- t . ,
t f t ^ ' S w f t ^ R '^ST. CR?t Aft?) I C4R C4T?, CTOt
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cg^.A^RCAfS RtTfIT t ! C ? 5 Stftft? RCAf, RtTOt
tftCRtMRTOTg. W T ^ , f M , AtAt tAIC St1?S'^ M
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? f t t ? 5 ' R - f ? wR-?tf ([g.l (t- -bo-b/iAoSi)-? Mtttf'5=1-
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t- -bAViAAtr-Si-? lAR1^'R-'Sf5f'.(^t?C?t i < t ' l j / i ^ ' O H ) ^^7
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?s 4 M l i l t R W R?1%TO at^tfCA? S t ? ? M WR?tT
Si8, W^. '5. iAo) I 'WT?w'5[-4lft?-TO RC ilt?it tT^T'Qft
ttTRA 'WtAf'R-^4Tft? WTR-'W.AWtM RtRltf'R-twT?
ftct? erR RT ^RslCA I "^Rt t? wfttftfts TOtT RACW
x5rtR?R5'5[.^?t1? S t ? tft ?5ft?t ? M R?ft^TO affisft sft?
aJAt 4f??T tIC4 tft CRt?5 tATC4TORm^TOÂI?T ftft
^ t M c ? lilt t H RtR <>rasiCS?^jlftATm'JpSC^, AtAtC
?sftT5 tTC?? ?tTO Rft tAt R^t?iCt t1?fts, Ctt? At? C4A
^5?Wt% WfttC? StC?TW%t R?ft=TO ?ft?rtCA, ?tt!p'R-fR,
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t T O t WCf ATATOTOTA?TO?jiltTOT fAWlC? ?TAI WtlTAS S(?tt 4 M C ^ tAr5 ?TrtIt SfAtCt? sfttt ttt?tC^ 1 AtRt'tR-iil
stft Ct Rt??-At WtCAtt ?Rt AtsICA, C?A? "CtfBTftt'^pl^^tT? t M R?TCt? RtCt^ ft'StTOts sjRfc?? t? tft WTsjTO-iil
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?TttTT R ^ AtAtCl tftftft?? TOTO- R f tft^ftRtC? l i l ^ T O Rt^[tC?5ftÂ'Rtet wftMTORlilAWR TAtC4 {^
{% i-A, obnb-H : fft^t ^. ii), ?fta ftt? Ci?tRft5? At^|?C?5)ft?CA?RtARSCt ttMTO,t r o ' J ' T M '8tT?%
ATTtTt Rtc RRTO.Rtf S w t ^RslCA-i (% ^^b-S, W^. (. tCA, AtAR wf lilt Ct, WtRTt (J-C)) tRft W R ' G W M %tt?^
8AA-8)1 WCf ?T?A W f C 5 ( ^ . b-8-<f; f. W t ^ , ' S H S i - V i , Wg. S S i - ' S ) ,
. 'Wt?^'5=I-?tftA W t R - l w r f <tPl4 CAf-ftctt- fftc, ?tCWt ?it?s StttM? 'tTO IC^tft;' ( ( ^ j - J j j U = ^ ) ? M
Ctt? a t f R 4 T R - S ^ "WtAf ^ ? 5 f t m srsftftR,?it4 ftCA5?t tsft; AtCA 1 AtAt [ f . Mtt 'S t T O 4R tCAf
SttTAT?Ai? t ^ ' S tArCRt^4f??tC5? I "tTO'4tftsif|ft?tC^, t t C 4 ? ATtttC? ttWR 'Wt?!^ ( ^ 1 ^ " j L - ^ - o ) , 'ffttWIwM
Wt^5t'G?t S CR C?-âtCRfC^ t r o C?It? Rtttt?t%t"-iiltlTR tCFtft" ft?r? ^?wtfR w ? T , WTRTO tT:^, =}. 8 v * , w^.
? 5 f t ?i??tTOest, "fR? CÂtm"-?TOT'^'-lil? sf^fR ?it4 SiSi-8oA, 'SI'lJ WJ. 8 i S 1 t. ' G ffR4T, ^. A - 8 ] f t ? 5 W t ^ -
t t R T f fttC4R
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Contents
800
'Sfsi-n t%%e U F O rnnft? m i s iif? H i m (Tj. t''ifti?it (L_jj_j__^ 6jL

t i H ' m r
ij-iwv-) I t w fHHs wdif"i-fi i t i - i t n ^ ( 5 . ) if t^'iim") i m m n i m tiH'rnm 1 cm-mf f'mn

H%5"i-twm (Hwm-'Sî-n m^ imttiiî), I T I - n t f ? ifn; cmftc (-Uji i IAI r.,\\ < j', 1.1
iiiwif (f. bhy/yovh VQ '^jiVivsjiff-n mi) if iti- V j ^ ^ i ) "in fi?H t m fiitm Sn um

2
itgi"i-fitiii fft (g.) (f. i i / i ( ? o ( ? ) if H^ i n , n fH cifin cm mtiw Simtn itfin u 1"

'Sff'l-vfiti fn-stii m - i t m mt itîci A . F . ifltun f i ? F ? i H i n mcmn fir^ i n n, H?H n^H
Mehren i^ Die Rhetorik der Araber ?u 1 c?cif liU' iflun mtfi t m
Wf imf m i f
(curimcti/Hciiii ibrffvD t-) I t?jf'mit H ItH m ci, fieifi itmi, tiH'ituH. ifw itmi I I ? I mr
cm ifliH I f ifliH if (nt citcif tft ^jHim it (4_ji_iiJL) ( I T M I T ? nt ^FT#T FIItf i<^br,
i f C i , f IPS
'itfiHHi n H mmm) mit tft m^ in? iiirui ijs.iff; u^ itmei mm I F F * miftf? m-îtf, (M, ivb*
(nt citcff tft ii:n i < nfH A I H itfH, fiift)-'flt i. 'Sff>r.ifm, f . j j - i o o i f m ?fi ie?
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fiftit cicit^ ijHfH iffci m iflt wsHwr mt nfii ifnf^ n) \ 'in^'I-iifi? m - ^ ? w t f ? ifitHien
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Ht!i?rttcci, ifli^Hitmitc? iHHo ( ^ J I J J L O ) ntwfH? ? I I ? 5 Sim im imei fiei? cm f I n fietfi ?5n
n I R H ? 5 vg ' M t < p MicSi? iHitf, niH itmitci ?fiu m (m'G fimf? fi??en wu f . Mehren,
i v f i m 1?
iHHs ifl?t ItiHi '2?HfcSj? iH?if, Hf tîHi 'nHctj?

1C1
v 5 i - 8 o , i(j-ii) F I F Iflt imnf ifmien ?f5 mtu
f I
I t ! IfitnHi ^ j ^ ) tH C I , itmitr? iHH i i

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I F I M
? 5 m uit irci 1
iflnvQ
iHci m nt tfH'it?tHci Hirt itH itc ' j n i?t

ititn cit ftn ifln cm H ^ iflt iin? if^ it m t tn'i-itff? (vbvsi/i^vji*) -iftm iti-mtf'i-m't?
ifftcn wu iif?fri, itn itf iflt itfm m m (limtf, (inm ivS(2-lr/iJvsJi,, ( f V J i S , vO(2-(2--lrlr)
i i , t f e i ? i n S i m C 1
'J. ii(2--iis) ifis i n H itc ifftn? ifliH i m ?iii

I
Sif S m ( . _ s < i , j ; , 7 , - ) ftim nfimcn 1 fH tit i H
Snt ttifn ?j?m i m iHit? iflttn, fit m, itfi ieitwf? m i m n, m u nt iflt ^ mm ifne
afuftr Sitm itfic itn itf itmi iitci? nH <IJ?i! m
Ifln
mu
IfliH umi t?fiei7? it%ITG itn
IfliH
in, cm ilc^ J j - ^ J L i '<J->L1AJ I I J J 7,i 'cjLsi liLii jt 1

ITM new cnr mtn va itn fmt VQ imtm va iiiiimf?
I I itm-ium cwm fiirm ififM ( 5 _ s j j i _ . )
ICU 1. i f i
J "Sft?it tmr mrm mH TJF? iHmn

fmt fH mf fvsui-ifl? "immm imn? i i n
ttmtc? Htim fmt titcn ?im itwii n mt" jui o-^) cmm fi?i:^ ifrntci nt (Sm iffi^
(f?iti, iy<b) mm '^'-ifl? I T M I isf "mwtn mitmi um fiic^) citm f ^ utitn" itf^H? 1 Sitn=ti?iei
i
Tm" ic< "tmm mm itwii n mt" mm nfi 1 iflt tiH'rnm ffun fiemt i m u 1 m i mt fH m m
ciC3t itnt tftn tiH'rnm fmiitft (a ^ . -. . , I )
Uiîfwi^ L F L f i m cm
U f m cien u
f ^ (f.
m t ifssj tfH'itm ifiit uH 1 cit cwm ifltii cm t n u f i , itI-'SfU, i i ,1 fH

^80) Iflt i?m
tltCi va
Sitm itci u, citim mm titw t ^ i t m fmrnit Sunnîci ueii? icmiff? U 2 t i t ? I ( ( I K I 1 ^ ^ ^ )
(sjj_R^ S J I . " , , I I ) iim "nf^t tfH'itm" ifim itH, ite Sf f:5tf^ (jL^r) it^ W F I I f?e?nt
C i f i m
cm "ft? ici? (fii) m itmtimff ifliH Htm mH m, mm fiufsm i m m n^ m itntif S m mtîm

m*ii if?mfliti"-titcitiHitmfoirm (>JI . - ...1 I T ? ifati ej. oQb, oby-i) cm fifc mn <ei? 'si
I
5 O I L . ) m t "ififijt tfH'itm", cm t f f ititn itemi imeifH tiH'rnm ftimfmmt imm, cm-^

(j J\ "mm lfl itri ifliH Htf" ift, ifliwi jV I J \CLJ \ j^DJIV "itnti Htm ?fi mitm
I t i f citi, ntim infte ifln cm Sitm ut mm wu lipit i n ut" ( f ? m , s ^j) Iflit i f
88 i t f i
'Htl' nrft? Sm if icf i m iim Sm icsf ?i?^ (I)-ifl? S11 itme? F I N I s "iflt itnt mntii m
U f t f c i
I V Q M nH ?sn, iflt?ii tiH'rnm itc f^ i?m m iRc tif irmn? timei", I H V Q f i u f n m? m m iw i m

^ n ; Iflt i m tiH'rnm f?f% utut ?ft?tci ii-tifi' I T E M E N m'ff^ i i t i ^ f v a f i c i iiiemu 1 t?f"I- ? n
ÎfCi, itmt iSivs'^ %, 8 1 . , iiH-v ItfH'itm "citfii i t f ? - n Hew? i w tiH'ifm I T ^ imt nt tm Sitni
Sum" ( d - i j ) imr mwtf? itcitsm (itfm,f(. 8 ^ - 1 , 5?n m H n u M I , ? f i f%H ?>Hi? f ? ^ f ? i H n
'votm
I f - % iio-h-) ifi?ci iflt i f m n m?vs fsf^ ilntrn meifSmn iteitnt itnten 1
tntf fiicm
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Contents
8oi
irpt t n ftnt ni-'mtft <\8i/ivs8'!s) its

(f. T N u'ff, mvsuu'1-uf' f mâuti-uf', itwri
fiT<-tim {om<\ yooijyhys, i i f e i - c ! , - ! s o ) 'jfd
1., ivob-b-Zife-bb-, i f , c^8vo-Ji>l; ( i o ) H. Ritter, Uber die
îtit ml cm im, ifi fsidsc ifii m\ m i f Bildersprache Nizamis, iffii ifec^l t-J (^^) T.
affftm (tn'1-^^tfl n t Hlfl-lTft? 1t1-'îSft% Sabbagh, La metaphore dans le Goran., iJtHi
ifitfiicn) i H i m 2tr?rrst% itfiim? cmsit ituri i ife8vo F (nteitnt itt); (ic^) fftm itmtfff, itwiHut
intn ititn (.iJ.^j)-n um mi#tci m 'iRH'1-ilff? m i - ^ F ? W T F , Farouk 1 University

Snt Hitciin m i mt cmtitn; fif mrn^'i-inr^' Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts-vfl, c^l. (iJi>88 ^.), F .
(j. ,vi A-^3)-ci, mHiutu2tmt#tufc fiufpi i8-8b- ; ( i v o ) i i i Sim mtifii itmT itn? S n
i u i mws n, cit>8tins Snt Hitn {% ô^-h) fiemt ieitwf? itcitnt, Sfie Snfi m i H n I ^ uf l u ^ f ?
isfntcn I 'iti^'i-nH? ii Hnft i ^ Rf i tif'itit 'itn memien f i i S v Q ifUs fif_f?i?^ m t u I F
! t l Die Metaphore (Bochumer Diskussion) in
fumf (5.^_^j_o )-ci tiHitu -fsitmf (A ^ ),
Poetica, Zeitschr. fur Sprach und Literatur-
litf tiHUiti'-n ifnn ftifn tfi i n i?[t figiciti
wissenschaft-iil, ':i1. (ife-bb- ^.), F . i o o - v o o 1 m v s F .
f l itiii *t*ilci I
mtf itaifsH? tiH'itit iiTmfic ij^tci i n f fimt, Itwm, t i f i , i i f i VQ fiff fiei n w H t m f
it^'sfi? itntciî uf cif fii ci^su n ut n t fimtei I
'uti^'i-utft? iti-wfwtfi ve Tf?t uufufiien ^ S. A. Bonebakker (E.l.^YIT.?. Ufi
Situiefii i i u ^ fiiI i u I'simi uu ^ûci,
I t m n
t ^ ^ i r t ' ('fti5r) (.ij -. ,vi i^) sgtnH^
cm "SfiittmtUUUmH;'2Fiufntciftituc?HHici i C?u u i i t C?u i f t . fine?u u fi?m?U uu ffifei
fUt ffcn u m uwn n itt" item ieu itiu S ^ citit? vs U%i cititililt G T cifitc4 fi^ iHuei
n # tif'mt fstiitft itt ufe ^ft t^'itm '3Rt' nt Uf ffif? c? c? ftei fiuuH i m cit m ffici
'iiim um' i?rm usH <^ ( t n ft^, fiuu, nest I t e i t w i ifntei 1 f?f?c?u u < J F I F fisfi f i m l i ^ i l ?
mcu yoos/y\r\rh, f. Sh) aifini fcun fiicn unt u fvsu iftc? F U f 1-itur itf; ifUH f f ? (U
I
-ntf),
ê iit ifsfi tif'itui i n Sitni itei itei cn i rif? u it?iT ci% i f C 2 t ? u mt ? f nt m-u'ên
"^fW itf Hi? C^. vsc^b-/S>vo{ii) i f i 4i7Sf5en itmff? mien f-fivssif ifien i i c ? i 5 m i mm icUi mt
nt t u ^c t n ftu ve t n mil if >iit ituftf? iteitH i
vfl f i s ^ iu n I
untie! i i i Sm fium cit m mui S,iH itui 'sit^'ct.tsjHvsu' U fi^?c?U fHf? fSfi F S , l i t Hue?
tm wu f. F. Gabrieli, RSO-C, ic^l. (iS.c^S>-voo f), t f ufisem fcn ie^ itfirff, v f l t itfisem f 3
c^feo, o o i , fit vs, v S o 8 , v S i b r , vOC^S>; fUU, Ufi, ffiit, f. ifitiiaen i n F C S ? leu ^f^ 1 tm iHH vo-jso^.f^f
8C^ [fiff. S. Afnan, The Cpmmentary of Avicenna ifiu i m i I U n u F mite? h.ooo uuu (u mu^s)
on Aristotle's Poetics; JBAS-C ( i f e S i -5. i b - b - ; ( f f 8 , o o o ficitfi&ten nifiui) n t S? cniif ^c
W. Heinrichs Arabische Dichtung und ^ [ F ji>o ff I I H J H J ifiR i^mtffif<ie?m iHH ^ 8 , 0 0 0
Griechische Poctik, 'Sli ife-bS) f. i f f ] 1 uti (i Utl= citu f 1 i t U U ) C? ftitc? ? T 1 1 n 1,v!svO'!s
srfi#t 8 finiie^ Sfifi iu it^fe ( i ) nfif, nti, n^pnfii, I M F C I 8 b - , o o o vs iff,000 fieitfitt? 1 m t t
itI-fvsUUU, mcu ivSVvs/iS.v!si, i i . , Ci8ff-v!s8; (C^) t n m - u i ' ^ I C I T 1 G ? itut Seal ifiuen i'fH icli^'
ifH'1-tiu, r!ffi'-m%i, ituu ivsvvs/ifevisvs, f. fei- iHH ifiuen i v s , f f o o I T T I U njl' if?H cô,io uti,
ios>; (vo) cm, uf'Si-f?m, meu ivo<\Vis>ffs, i^. C I T cTOi ? T t i nff,8i8-ffuti u inm U F < if?H ^,^00
i s-cî; (8) imf5-fi f f i m t n itm m-uf, iti-f"wm ii?ti, ( = i s > , b - o o uti) nt C I T cma u i i n ^ , i o o mtit
f u'itfi iti'itH'i-'itwti, mtt. fim fftm iti- ( = ' ! s , v o o o uti) u neic? c ^ 8 , o o o uti m un %'bb'\
illff, 1ttC1 iS>oS> f, f. vsvs-Js-So; ( f f ) w l i t f ' l - f l i l l - I T T I 1 U F c? Itut Se^ ?sfiuen tf v!s,b-oo ;ê i%ooo
it^ff, m-tutf f 'S^'1-Uitit, meu ivs'!sb-/ife8s>, itUites? I C U r
ffi., 8vs-ib-vs cmf'i-ilH? iM-^fiwifi itîtHien fif?e?m itw f i Q i c i G T tci fi^ m t lei 1
iuen Sn fiitfi ffiti^); (b) tititf, iti-itii'i- T F L I F C I ftieii Tê n t if%ei Eternal islands
f1v8v8Ul, t^lFt i v S v S o / i J f t i i , OQS-Sod;
f . (<\) f f f ,
(m-wwit*'i-itHit F.) i % ftfiu c?uten icu wmf?
'Sf^'1-W^, imeU ivSffb-/iS>vss>, f. hi-'ioo; ( b - ) ' i l K t f ,
cn %rtQ H ^ i ic? t?ii I T C m; n H mitie S^
I
U'ltft5'-lf^', itieu ivOv!sH/iS>8<l, C^l, ivOCj.-<l^; ( J s ) ^ ite? mtuei n H ffi mf 1 ^ VQ u ^ c t ? nt
T M F F I I E M
t.H.
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
8oi
*J5 vs t f % ^ Hi HjRft mff ; Sf 'Jfiff? I f W i f ( i b - ) mf'i-fin', tifi, f. - J s - i ; tit W fUf"i-ufur

Iff (iffn, Smr, g.) i iefg ifiif f., S u u n n . i f i l f i ififgu itci i
tfem ff^'i-tffTrt' fnmu ifntcm f i %
if
A. Miquel (E. I . ^ ) / l 1 t f 1 m
f i S f f fft? CWJmQ iff< ffiif m i i n ( i f i T % 5 f , n ^Tjf^miH(Jl ...1) s cwjtffiiitietifiui-ifl?
m ? T t i f i 5 . ) mi c i t n f i f e i i i f u c i m n f ^ f f ii" ^ vs fw? ifleiicui f i i f fici iifti i f t ifln
m i i f f f i f f c i i ic*ti f f s f i m f fifii i c i , iflt i t i i T Ifliftmfti Ufte iuic?i cffii f^f i b - o ff

i i f t
m r S ^ - i f i i : i I S ^ , ^ c i i i Thule-ifli f i c i a f f i 'bo Itit iiu 'if't i i f T ue<f unri tffiuen fiif

i
untri f f km mr f n m i n t isi f i it, cifi itcei twfnt' ( j ^ L a ^ i ) i f t^tf^ cwTtfen i f i n ( i t i t

iHi:ivs itfitfii ^ê ^ 8 mi?n i j f i i f f t i i t c ! i mu i f ) gtf^ m m unrfii ^'^ ^ iirci? i
I Iflt
mr f n m i i l t m f? I f i c 5 f f 5 i ^ i f t t t : i S ^ i t c i f i ^ i iiluif I t i f t ite i f c ? c m cwitfen

iflit c?m
I t f i t f i i b-oll1?f ^^ff^ m i i i f i H l t C l I C i t l C i t l iiftntei; fici iiftiitei sgiii n t
f i i f iflit fici
C l l i ifia S^ cifiten m i f ^ i clfife<va itft i t i f t i iiftiitei f # i i I t i f t f l I cw]ifwn iteUi m
ii3cii i l t fifiit fiiten, itfi i t i mi f n i t i e n iflirei wtu cicit f n ^ g i Sien w fifi n t m
it
i
cwm Si c l f i f e ? f i i n i i f f fim? i c i i f n ffif?

-
it
lit^mciifftffw(Zidj)-ifltffi-uit{-if I)
i f l i - F f l t t e i t fitii, f i - i f % e i '0' ite i b - o i w mi

VQ twfnfiff ( o L _ i : i 0 -, v i ) - i f l i f i ? T t e n m f (tables)
S ^ i f i i : l cô i t e + 'bo i w f m i c u i ifmifei
'Jfifi m f t i l I f i i e n l e u i f i i f l i f t i i t ? c?it ttm if|eifi nt fl I
f i n i ? t i t n t i t , e i i t n iiff< f i f e i i i l i t i ^ n s miva i i ^tf^, cm cwTrffffiiTm, iiifci?
Iflt
cif5tffttei f i f i e ? i t e i t c n fit iftit i f i i t civait ^ m it^fjf f i n n t titen i f i n f n m n i u e < uwo

iflit S u i f 5 F i n t mtm f i m t f i i f i i t t i i r i n i f i s cwTtffiii u i t i i fittuu ( I ! .) fnri
I
i l n i e l ? Us f c i t i fiii)<p i ssifcf m i l i t i u i c ? , m f i ( t j i j _ _ a ) i i n e i t c i f i m f i c n . , itm cieuas i i ^tf^
i f ^ i ? c n ^ H mm 1 ^ i f i c fiu fmt "c?u i f 5 n cst]tffuTii m s m s t^fim vs twfu' i u c n i f i i e

ifim" mu mm c i t i f i ^ i e n ut i if*(Hi i f u f 3 f i e n uim ifiu U e n cwTfffuiiti i i u n cwm bo ff, I
f i i e s li^<ic?m i f i ^ i m u f fSn f i n i ho ff i f l i t i ^ o ff c i f f i i T j i i f ? u e < (fif^tei iiUf)
i f i f 8 ( i ) U v a U f i ^ , f i t i f U f ' i - u t i i , nu. impi ifti ( o ^ A --:i) ^ftti ( t ^ ^ ) ^ futi

von Mzik, Leipzig 1 9 2 6 ( i J s - J s o % m t nlpl), Sm (.iueiiî) U W 5 n I
n ^ t ; W t n tntmfil, f. 8 - * , y<t'\-\r; (o) U s f Opus s ( i ) cwTtHHuf f i m imten wu g. c. A.

astronomicum, ntt. Nallino, o l a , fim ib-s>s>-iS>o-v3^, ôff-S) vs v3o-jj-<i; ( ^ )
Sm i i 3 ; ( 8 ) t n ' ^ - u ' ^ , ; (a) t n mft-wiet, cwitffiRiJt f i m uifien wu fien Sicuf nt itcei
^. yb; (b) fnn, H m 'mfftfi'i-ufiiffi'f-m'it, ntt. iti-fif, fitf'-titti, g. I
von Mzik, Lepzig 1 9 3 0 , f. b-\r ; (l) U l % f , f i W , David Pingree (E.l.^)/ cii cUs t f n n m
n t t . Pellat, f. i b - 1 , ibrs>, is>8, Iflit ( b - ) f i % , if- ^>(|^<1M ( j i u i c u i ) 8'itif J - J - j I f f ? i o i iitei
Carra de Vaux, Paris 1 8 9 7 , o<\-8(t; (s>) t l t l f f ,
j U a - , i -lfl? J I i t f i l U f i ' m f tm l i t
i r t t . n . fw. ' i t i f ' i - ' i t i ' i t i - f f , itieu i J s i j j i t-, 1- ^"^
lift fifs lesf U l f ^ (g. Dozy vs m m iHm),
; ( i o ) l T j f l - l t l l l , f ffo-i ; ( i i ) t n f t ^ i H - K r a m e r s -
fieii <}ii, fif^, iU*f, i f i v s j i * mu cm cm m
Wiet, (toy ; ( i ^ ) fifUf, f. ffb--S>; ( i ) ffif, i t l -
c^msf lesfva I m s m s uw?ifi iiei cm ir<ntei
inf^-Ul''f, Unum io<iv3-ff/iS>ff8-iJj, ii, ^ # 5 1 i f i e n i f l 1 ^ m cm uwiti i cm iisi,
V511 i . , a-o^, ^ 1 ,ffî . , ff81-S> ft. ; ( i 8 ) t i f f , cm wicitf i i u cm iien itifieiiei fiftm wu iflt
Jaubert, ii, % i-o ; ( i f f ) f f f (itUf i f l U l ) ,
ien m m ft f? i ei iflt nen m m ifiei: 9 ^ ^Q
fir5'w-wt'Ufi1Tt, ntt. M. Hadj-Sadok, in B. Et.
Iflt i f t cm icit I C 1 uwtiHi ifitu fii u 1 'Smf
Or., xxi, U f i i i iS>iJjb- f , ^. o i - ^ ; ( i ^ j j ) U f , ^ ^ n l l , '
itiei m f uifte? ' i f i mt'-i ii" ifii! m , iU
f f i i f (tr. W. Jwaideh, The introductory chapters
cm iteifii in i i u cmif? Heuen iffie 1 'ff?
of Yaquts Muqjam al-buldan, Leiden 1 9 5 9 , ">[.
i i i . ) ; (ii) i t n ^ , i f ^ f i ' l - f i m (ntt. Wustenfeld,
îHti itf? it?evs m i i i < it?fw itufn ?fiu iei
Kosmographie. ii), Gottingen i b - 8 b - ^J. <i-s> ; 1 ? I Botta-ifl? Storia d'ltalia (Italya ta'rikhi, Cairo
1 2 4 9 / 1 8 3 4 , 4 , 8 , 9 etc.) f f if?fci mfi mte??
t n r f f?ie?n
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Contents
8o\S
fttf w f t t f t wftfttfl4 *iTt??R w r f >iit tRft tjws i f t i t ^ t ? t wt?? ftcgtAC4 ^4f??t tt?t Sf^stfAt TO?
Afenr^ TO?t t t c T O cA^TOtft ^ f ' ^ ftctfcTO cwi ?5t^ i>Ao f ^ T C ^ t c ? ftt?At, ^ - W t t t , ftsftftt ^ t?1t?s
(Rukhsat privilege ftcTO wft^l?)-'^)? t f t t tTO t t t ? s - R t R t % t ? W t ? t t^f4TOT ttft? tttJCt t A l W t ? %
TOTO? t ? W l t R ^ f ? I Aij, ti?tAct? ftcitt ttl?" t t f t t c 4 -smttict?
sm^^ wt?t wifft-Srotw? 2tftc?t*(t^ TOt? ^ f ? t ? i ?rwj 'S?t A'STO C ^ af?ftt ?sc?TO?S?? Wt?? ftt? St?
m s f t f f t r o t R t ^ f t ? ?T?TO w t t t t t t f ? ctttr'J' ^ s , t f t R C f ? wftlA?^ f f t ? fAC?Iftt ?SC? I t?fg WT?A
lit?? "^tfA^t ttf? sttttCt t t T O t 'tt?f %? l)l(.t C t t , CAt? f t T O , t ? t 4 , ft1??T, C T O l t t , t?C^, fSftfTOT
tftjt A? I mt t t ? I t R f f ? ?t^sS?ft?s ftstTOt 'S stettet? wtRfwt?TOTO?iAra t f t tttwSi? ^ ftrct's -^f^ wt?t
2tt? C?st? C t t t t w t f t ? ?1Wt?ft?5 Rt?C}tCp tf^M i f ? t f t wfr4^ 'Q f t t ^ t ? ^^WM c? TO5R ft^ f%^ 7if?t
t R f t srsft ttw (STO?t^t g . i i i 8 ^f^tCR ft#?t? WtCTOtt t f W t Sc^ tAl I^tltC t f f T O S R l R t R WC<
1t?Ct? ^ f ? t Kucuk Kaynardja-? tft? ^ AT?35 I tft ^ WtCRlTO S'SIR f ^
t f t t ^ cit. above s. v. Hurriyya ii) i v o o '^^tc^ At I f t ^ f ^ i ^ ? ? W A I t f i R f ? C t t t.tfl_<f I .iltttC? f ? # f t f
%t? ^^t?t t = t C 4 R s ? tttvgt?i (istiklal-i kamil; WTAACt? T t f ? 1 w r c T O T ? ?T< ASTO?A l f f T O ^ ^ f ^

text in Lutfi. Ta'rikh, ii, 15; A. L. Tibawl, British wft?TOf? S^g^gf? f t t t c ? t r o M ?lS stfi!l 4f?c tro
Interests in Palestine 1800-1901, London 1961. I w T O iJsAA '^.-'ilA t? ttf?5TOf At?t ^C5? ^ ,^tCTO
147-8, citing a British consular despatch of R f A s f5?tc? 2tffl Wt?? ?iw??f?5 f t a t t C A ? wf^st?^'^
1858) lt^lft4TOtTOC^WT??C<Tttt3^'^f?tWtC=TO?ft5C? 's t f ^ R t c # w ? T O t B i t r o w t ^ t w t c ^ f?ctttc? iptit I
WtCRlft At?lCA I fw? 9^ fîc? "wiR-ttf4Rtf'-m" ( i f
tflt?t tt?tt (E.I.^)/ ctt ctts t f 3 ? ?ATO
A t f ? t ) W3tCt' gtt^ t C T O ?tW??f?> C?tttC? t f t t AS 0
^J^f^b^xrllirl ; - ...I) ^Jjft<i<r|H t ^ W l ? f tTO A J f t t l R ('S?ttf) ttf?" ^ ' Q t t ^ tits' I iJsAA t I C T O C W t t f t
? f t ^ m^ c?t Rfaft?5 ttjcttw? I t t T O t ?stt?tt? t r o t t e tTOt ^ t ? ? f 5 iil?5<f#t? ^ ^ f ^ C T O T O W f c ? A t f
? j ? T O , ctt? wt?tt t t t f t ^ ("wtft ^ f ? " wsfts, t?p wt?t A l f ? f Wfst AtAlfAR tAf W C t t t Wf?4? T t f ? t WWCt?
JiStRg'^) W t ? t 4 t ? ' Q ? s t ? Wlt?ft?s ^ f ? t Wsffs, ^?ft?t
WtCRtR? f?fttc >ilt C??ttf?ft fifsftf AS 1 A l ^ f ? 4 t r t A t
(ttft^MlW t ^ - f t t f t f ) WC< ? J ? ^ ^ J ^ ' G -^tJ t R f t ?^5TO tfft ?lwS?f4 t c R ? cattle? t f t t A ?TO?t t t e ? ? tfi^
tt%: wt??r?? wtft T t f ? t wtCMtRCt? tft ttft i R?4tc?? m ? ^ f f t ?t ^stcR'Q w s n f t ? t ? srt^ f f t f t t t e ?
ift W t C f t T O t t ^ t ? T O ft?Aift? ftt??^ 1 # f f t t t ? 1 2(ttfte?p t A t ? f f t f t t R ^ f i R ^êSe?? t f t
s t t t ftttc^ t?ftigtftj^TjcA?TOt^ t t t t t cii?t ' S ^ t l f ftttf? R t C 4 ? t tf?AR, f 4 f t c ? .ift R t .i!e?5?ie? f ^
?tWPS5ft ttft % i>S.iS.-5.o ttCR t t f t tc ftt?, Ss? W l f t ? t ,

?5?ft tAtst RR? ^ %S1? 1 iJs'S'b RtCR? A-Js W l t ^ ê5?-fAR?
t t % t wt?? Sttttf? litTOt t t C 4 t? fttJTO f f ? ? t f t ? ^ Tt^fA ^Stet ' S A I ^ ^44 ttR R ' ^ WfW AS I fA^tsfS
RC5f w ? 5 g t f f t S?? wt?? f t e a ? (Fertile Crescent) St?
fARCS? A t w f f t C iJs'S'J* Atc iJsffA RtR t W WtCtRC??
^CS? 3ittC?s ? T t t 4 t ? ? I t it=i|l Ct'SSt A ? I .it; tt^ RB?t ?t ft?? f^R 1 i>S.(?8 Rte^l? i> W C t l t ? A t ^ # 5 - g f ^ Rt?jet TO?
t f ^ R TO? i>>i>'!s-i>V-.il Wt?? 1?CgrA t s t f t ?t t t C R W f W S ? Rf5ft?te? fCSW t t R ..iIRt?t 5tc Atflf? WtRlAt
t t f t ^ t l t t ^ f t R? ^ f t f t w t t ?A? 4 f t W t ? t W M t Rt A'Stt t t >ift RR? WfW AS R f t I
wra? ? i ^ f t e w r s f t R t t f ? 4 7 i f ? t ? TOTO t f t
t t l r o t t i t I ?5t?t s t t t fttfc^ w?j?ft ^ "S^ttf ? t i ^
tRf4RtR t C R ? ?stR'Q R t f|R Rt ft??1 .iltR .ilt W A ^
RiCC^ 'WT??Ct? ?lW?f?5 W t C R l T O t f C A ? t^ ScsftT ftt
tf??? AS R f t (5. A'-^ftsJl) I CTOR f?efff ?tW??f4 W i f t t !
Wf5(f??It, ftC4ft?5?t WlR-RTtI??ttt?Tf 4lilCtt^
?te ^ÎTO 4?t f?tttCt t A t ATAA AS I C?t? C?^!? CTOt
WI'Q!? I 2 ( f t C ^ t t T O R ? ? t t t ? f ^ ft^ ^ t^TC?tCt
f ? e t f t % ? t f t R t t f t R t - i f ^ ^tc t ^ Rte? TOtt
t t f t 4 t l = 1 t C T O C41? 1?Ctt W < ? 1 , ? ^ ftyt ?t I t A t t ^ l f s I f C t t
^|?nteQ t A t 3 SfCAtt c t t t TO 1 t^f4-RlR t C R ? -.ift R ? # t f
M^ w f ^ , wtCAtf^t (Attributive) w t t t t f f ?^S?t?5
t,t? aJACt? >il?5ft ? 4 t ? t AtCoCSj RtTOttC? WtA?
t t ? t t ttAt S ^ w t f t ^ f ^ t*tT2!irTO wfttt?t Wl?? MM<I
?l|^fR? ,4tf? f ^ Wilt?f4, t1tllW4, Rt?^f4 'Q ?fs^?f?5
S t ? ^ f ? C t ? ftt^t W t ? t 2 t f ^ tftift A'STO t ? t CTOR
W A ^ I .ilt l A t W ? ^ ?t?Ct f A C t f t f ^ Rft C? C41R
t t T O C t l 2t#r A? TO?t?Ctt t s ? ^ Ml ?sc? 1
R t e ^ t W R ? t f ^ ^ w?fttte?? R t ftttc? tti t R t A ? I
iS.ib--Ao % t l t t t C 4 fPl?t1CTO W l t f t WlA? ?tWT St1it
wt?? Stft ^ stRttf? wtscR? ?t?tr^ ^ ttst t t f t
A t c t 'WI?? ?IW?tf4 f&SlTOI WIC^ltRC? ttf?5TOf t^tf^
TOORÂ e?sf%c cttftfir4, ?f? ctl2!ftf%?> ??ttg3FfR4
g t f ^ ' J t ? 5 ? i t ? l S t t T O ^ A ? 1 t A I W ? ^341^ s t t t smPftC^W
t t R t f f?tC4t?
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Contents
808 t ' j i w i H
1ft i i e i = i m m m? m iiei^ n t f ^
I iflttn
m I f n t t Kicn m t i f n n f m f n t i t i f n i t i i w i f i i Hm t m t ' j f n i t f ' - m ^ ( f f i m f i m ) it i n 1

f i r i i f t i f l i I t I t n i f ' ^ tfti ^ i f f f f f c i t m i f fifim f^-i?imff
cimnvs i?tf i m ift?ief
i f m n mntn i t % f m n m i liiiimi %i? m f f

ififs fffi m ? m m ? f < m f i m mHm ?ci
Ifne nei 1S?
f t n men n t %mfitfiwtn m%f 'mnn f t t*jHiiii m n ftft? i i n i i c n c m m

?iwti[î
mm i f i u s n 1 t n i t * ^ imtm i f ^ cit^tif, m^îfn w ^ r m i f i e ^ stHfff

i f ? i 1? 1 n s f i ? fn
c m mwcn m?-m%fftwttn im? i t f f i c i ntflf tit fimen iHi n

f ? m i t c i t i f t i ^ f7
1 tit i w e n wm
i f l m i m m f i i m iffl m m m i t n ? m ? f titm 1 ffim m ^ M n i m e n m i m H i t m itft? mm

c i i e i i 1
mfimn i t n if?mim ? # n t ' S i m f fiitmc? i f n i S i , fif?m c i r n n Se?t ^JSÔ-IA? l i c i ? i t i t m H itc
misitn cmi m? t n t e n i n f i <5tct iflitn ? f ?

1 i m f t iifee5? m?mfi
i f n Hitn fiirm fli1iwia
i t n ?j?ft m f f l l S i m i f ? flitm? cif5 cif5 m i

I itfi isn cimn i i e n icm m t f i ien ^ iJi>-ifl?
?tisfj n H i J s ^ i i t t m fem i w ^ f t i i t i c n m i t n mfim? iei neîici

ifliH n ntfi iitfi m e n
iffjl ? l W T f ^ c i t H f n mmsitfi, n n c i t a t i H c n icm m f i m f n t i n c i t ?ne??t i n f i c i

i t f ^ 1 spten
i f i m f i ffii'Q; i n ibrjj milfi i ^ i n

t--*^
iH i f ^ i i ^ m t m ? it? fiHm m t m
n m n 1 iflt
m i f ct Wit i t ^ mwi, S i i t i f ? lintm? S w itc i?H ^ f ^ i ^ m f i l i t m ftfH mfii intcm H f i m iten

mmtm i f i itfi, ciifi f n i.i'bi-n ^ m f i m iTtTstf if%? fien
lfl n fH ijvss)-ifl
m e i ? m n 1
I t ?5n I i f s t f n m c i , H e n i f ? m iJ-o vg i b o - n wiei?

f i f ? f m ^ m?s ^ c i Iflt if3Rft m m i ^ n 1 i ? e m
'm^'5J-1tfi? (Nasser) ^ m'l' (Ba'th) itft? ite- ClfCf

f^ i R m m m n iiS)8ii
itc mfim itei iflt n m
i t n mwff? cilfii iHm^ n t iîcisi i f % i i t n i i s i

i i t e n t^^t i i t e i i e m i t i n 1 i ? r f c i m i H General
itc f f t i m f t f ? i i m i , iijibi I t e nien ifiî
Catroux cictw ien itei
iJ^Si-ifl? Hfim iltaRi
mm iwten ifif, 00 iti^ S n t i f ? uuitm?

iJb- i t e i ?
ciitien m f i m ? cmm i m i e n ^ i m iften 1 f8
Clf5 cmt i^fm^ c i i (Trucial S t a t e s ) - n i t n cwm yhsa i i ^ mm ? i i mm i f H m f H

111 ite
îf?tifci? cm5te?ii iktn t m e n 1en? tm

iJ<ii
Itei I m e m tici
ij^si^-ifl? cien iien S? c i i itc
m f i m?efi i f m it i f H ? m m m fl%e m n wie? i m f mftf n

iiitf? iit gtf^ f < m f i m
n t c i i
iiini
lijt f m n 'flltm t f f n i t e n m n i t i e ^ catmm i t f
n m?i?i m m ffen t i f i t j f i e n i f H c w i e ? i i f ^
I i H fi^fc^ i? 'itifgn tff'i-^men
i f f ?
i i i i m i t f m i ^ ' ^ e mcmm?ei i t e n ci'^^te?

iJ<ii itntfn i ^ - m f i itfmi
n f t mwi) H m n
( i f f ? mfi
Hw? m f i m ? i c ^ 1 m i m 1 fifiw#t cn icw?mfeiei H ^

% mtiliiiten fiiaelt
?iwtHf<t> ?t?it i t e m n H m n t f f n i t i S ^ i t m itfim m 1 iJi>^j-ifl mmei

n f ^ t t i w t m
?(1ff vs m?C?? idtlfi S ^ (Fertile Crescent) iflitm? ift?ie^,iff? itimfn

'rniwtff? iflft m i W f i
if^ftfn ?fsîl?s tfmen i f t t i f i e ^ i f i i m i t i i m H i ?^ H i t n f f f H i m i n 1 t i f n i f i i f e n
m f i ifltmn
I i.j^ menifettm n ^fti
t?tns? vs
i l < i i t i fiBen9mt f< ite wm m m e n f f ^ ife?
iff?m:^ i i m l e t n t m League of Nations-n i t n wtfTiTmf lem^mfi? 'itigattf

(fe?t i t f i ^J*^'^
i m 11 It m:? 1 itfi i J o - n 00 ^^[cn f i t i - t m m fiSeniH mtfi if^ n ifflm t f m w f i '
i ^ i r f t t m f ^ (Preferential Alliance) i e i i f ^ ?1t? wm i t t itin m w t t i e n cwm i f i m ?

i i t i f i i
m f n t ' s f f t ^ f l l m, m ? i f c t i tmei? t i H H i i^tei? isH nf n

ifie f f c i R n c i ?^f Hemen
1 i<8 m
S n f i i ^ i s^^5^?m ( m t ) A'1??IIR?JI? ( m i m ) m m W 5 t i m i m I f n t iJ^^^ i^tm m f t n it i f

f i m f f H iwt? mei t ^ ^ f n i t i c i
1 i i niRm
itiâ icBtt? i f i m iitH 1? m^
1 iJ8i!*-ifl? iH f^ten m t f i
i}68b--ifl?. ya wifaiR ciltiiitSl ^ (Portsmouth Treaty) 1 ^ iH^c mfi

w i t m mwi ftfH
m t f ^ mm f i f i n i m
mi#5n f i f t m i t i f ? f i i c ^
I ifmfen fci
sr5 tit mr n t'migpici m i i i i c m m mm
t m i n m iflt ^
mfi m n t w n i i tmfm tifci i n

titiTii 1 >}6io.,ifl? f i i f ? ^ [ f ^ . i f m mm i t ? i H i m ? i tfe
yhaa '^.-A f ^ t e n m i m ^f^c c m n t c n i c i n e n f i s e n lfl w f c nfien n ?nft Tit?

m e i ? ?tfim
i m m ? m e i ? ff% f i f i m t i i t i n i m cities^ m f i m e i f f i mm n 1? 1 t m?
m iJi>8b- m iflft
i t f i e n i f n t m m i m ^ itc mH? m c i iflt

it?t 1 f ^ - w i t i m^H
i f ^ imfim? i i c n m n
mr I f l ^ mfim
m?fiei f t e n i f t 80 ?i? ftffmei?i?mittem >ji>eH-ifl? i in? f< mfim

OTift msH m 1
t n t f fiiciti
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Contents
8 off
i s > ^ o , oo vs 8o-<m T i m ? Hw tiHxMH itnfm is>ff^-ffva-di mtfi lilt i t f ^ cicn H? finf itft? iHf
vs ifSltl f s F C I ^ (Ferule Crescent) I t W tfifS Itfiu m 1 um iSi, iutu i m ut^ i fiHu is.^8
im liFrm?? f i m fti i itmimci fimtf Ite?? fici iti-t'^ntf'
nfiusj (f< mfim) m ^ c n lem
m i
> 5 t i f i f ^ SiHm itc fum ifnr nu, fic*ti ufiu x3 i i - i t ? ? i ^ i f m icf fg ififfH ^ I t n mfumtf S i
iSi>8i m m-t<P5 StutiTifi itstwjci icntt c ? ^ itemrcn cifm: tm f I'Q "^c fieif itH (?[fti vg
mfuof (iii <A I C I ? -SKI tffnifi itcun ini-sftrm Itfiff l u m i i m uH
ItH) i isivbs* itei? i
^ i t n m
mnu v i i i f u t i ifftu ie? 1 if?iurci fifi f u g ^ : ^ ciptn n u i f ? i ifjitn itff w s t g i n nt

u w i
1 ? t l c i tcuffw ^ m i # u f i mtf ngirora m u m imi emu i u n i i f i f t i i i ^ tffniH

n m
I C I itSpm i f i f k i v s mtf iitit^ffi m i 'ao-m nci ift>mfit? ifmm, finf itHiej?

m f s f vg m
tifwiti ncmm f i f i i f , ^m, f^Sfifmr ^ nm fiu f i i i i , iiH, fieif i1iti, m ^ cum f? m t n t f

C % 1 I f C i f C I ^S U%C1 ItlfifHU, iS>î vg j^.^;^
i m p C I
tmf? wieitffei i f i m limen f i e i f i i m m i
I d i f l ^ iiift m n i I C ? I mnu cn itc nifwHrn fSHfiu nem i S i x N s mfim i t
m i itmem, m
isu i m u^'f fpii mi uc? i u t ? i itifefiu w i f ^fieiwm l i l e i f i % , iiH?eii=fUf fcwtu citf? if?
itft vs i f i i ? ?^lfi f i f i i it?u:i?
m f ufif? 9mM f f i I f ?e,icn n i g i ? u ^ (Destoiu- Party)
fc^ u?Tci mfuu i m uc? 1 citl n e f fSfifim tifniti itemn ifiufi n i

i??f i f i b t f i u?i'^-fi it-ffif (a.)-n
fin vs fucn ucu fiitci? >^fijfiu cuifg u u t i m
i c f v s i,s>c^8 icn n i t c f m u t i f ^ u i i t f i ^ u
itnmfn itemient S?fH itemn 'itif
itm? vflt
I t n I tm U C I ib->s> U C I i f i ^fti-fii5)? f i i - i t i m
tm uwtifn mfim f?fftm w u fifit c i t i ifimt u
(Condominium) 1?m ICB i cicn ft%r i i t l C I
uit? mfim f n t f i iu?f ? firttm w u tffniti
f i t f f i ? i isfic U C I I is>vo^ I t c i ^fti-fiif? ^ ^ f U f
ufif (iraf1) ifimt uif it i nft mfum
i f ? I fSfien fSfifim m[fii
wtfumtci? f??ni itt? mi f?ci?tn fff? fiifcn n S<3?ei m t u ' n * i t m i
mfi f m ?@ iff? itnui fft uc?, um fim f ^ mfim I t e m m wf fien u i fif nem i t f f 'itmf
Sm citiit?ltli 1 fiic?? if?i?(U f ^ fiic?? Uiitn i f n ^ i m^ftm m f i f t ? i e ^ H?isf ifwtH I t i m

i m
fitu iSiff^-n n fin isftca? i f n fin vs f m m n c nI n^ nem ^ n S? ciei?t tffniti'

tSfifi?t
itfip f l Sii?i? nft mfi ?@ i k t ufu; ^ n i fUn? iwn? w u if?btli f^ itifwflm mfim f^ itc i t i t u
iin fim? U i s ^ i f u citnmit^va ij^ ifimt i i l i fll imisfi fe?mffiiHtii^'6f%5??ei ijtltci n i
i f i c i v s mmat f i ^ t ftf? musitn cmi iH i S?

u n I fif fitcn wrfimuf C6u vs itcmn ifn?
i t n
if%mtf sfufi 1 ? I fc?w u i i t c ^ i f ^ i i m c n m f mêf? i f n nf? tntf m i i 5 vg t m

m i yh<to-(ts m? fiif? imttm? i ? i Hun f m i H ^ H i f ! f l l I fif itifwfiuei mti uu sien
i t n ?
fi nm? ifiunm i f m t ifiu is>ff^-n i wtfUf iHem l e s f litsH ituHi I futiFm ite fif^
I U
mfi ? Hftn i t ^ i i t i ?>n i fvam citun t=jfiiH I t e m n Htg ^ ? ^ fc?

w u
S ^ i t & m ifcim n S ^ n i HIi?tct i n isifi-i- I i c n I neme mfim ite? n v a itmf ?tw?ti **ii?
m is f w c n ? tffnmi iffu Sci i cici tmf? m m siffi Uei I fif fSHfim ititf^fHi 'n' iten mm?
i m ( i s > i i - 8 ; i f ) t m f ? i t n itc ff^ iwn? m t m m ut I i ? e n 'n' i t n fitm iti-iifi n "m!!]
tffcn cuf^fi I t f f mi?.ci? iffu^ cmi

I t i t m ? m is>ffq uen ^^pnt i i i f i n tm ien figH itt?
mfim I t c m n fli u i tm flî i i t i iitc?fim?t fim nt fSfiHuei n H iwt3 emu I m
utm mi oo vs So I i c i ? fim? ft fn t m i f i i cutiu, H i i f n t wtf?

i i J t i i n ? mf^m U t ^
m u nun t f f i tm i m i m uwifi ncufns I t n wtim

Ite? w u fif itemn iHuH itue? i
n i
itu list? i!*t ?#fnf|cii I t m i f liit n n, fajcitHmfiit? lilt itemmfi m v a n mt i t i t i t f i b l i i i i c i ; mm

ifi?tfu m f u o t I t i t e n ift wff f i i u f i f mun? m v a C i f C i ! tifniten m>i< ? T t i i ? ifiu ii?H
cUi c f i f ^ Uifien fiw n t i m itew fifim fiei i uff? f u u i f 3 F i i f n t w t f i i e i itemen
i m
uir 1 ^ , ^^fti i f % t is>8s>-ffo-iii t # i e i fifim iîm? i t v a m ? I t f i e uffuei I fif? tffnitei? ?t?u ii-m??
n t ? I fin vs it?en mttti H n ^ i t H u sfiu utm n? uwff? c i t f i i i f i u n ititu mmci H?tf i i un f
i f ^ fifim cwm fitn m?s-iTift? c i t f ? t i f H ffim i t n mm ao-m
if??nei i%tn
i i e i i m
U f m n fifim mfim iwn f t i ituu if??tfli i i T : n u'^- ( B a t h ) I t f t ? ffim m i f n fntn

n u
t n t f fimii
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Contents
8oiPi I Sm^mtf f!tm f ^ , H"fi'
m f m m Lebanon, a political essay, London 1954; (io) P.
v3 cifc^ iRbtPi tuw? t*iR>iiii Ireland, Iraq " a study in political development,
tlH vi^c^lc "itwli l i f - m f tfwtH tfHimi' ttH? London 1938; ( i i ) M. Khadduri, Independent
mr Seî m m i Iraq, London 1960; ( i ^ ) K. Salibi, The Modern
srm? ?Trm >flt ,c?, is>ei itc is>vbi i w i m History of Lebanon, London 1965.
?m3Ts? mmHi ?f-Hitim i^t w ? f^Himi iHi? f i n , f m V3 it&m s (io) J. Berque, Egypt,
S ^
iiiit?Hgji#Tic? I lit w ? I t ? ? ?i^>ifi cui-iî iHmm imperialism and revolution, London 1972; (i8)
citttgH ^tf^ HHc? ti'^?r m nlHCi Haf i icmiH^
m P. J. Vatikiotis, The Modem histoiy of Egypt,
V3 Sf writ?titf ?t^>ifi n t imHci ?i='=r%t it?r London 1969; ( i f f ) P. M. Holt, A Modem histoiy
i^Hmif ? ^ i ^ I imHtH?mH7:?? CTcf?iHiHpici of the Sudan, London 1961; ( i ^ b ) C. Julien, L'
HH nt CiR Cim cwm i t ' l itH? mmf ifitfi i liit Afrique Du Nord er. Marche" Nationalism
fifm? m? n ?mH ?t|t mmtn i f i i i m mirci mm Musulmans et Souverainete Francaise, U t f i i is>ff^
itf itnci fcitimmîc?, ciitn cimm cimfimf? f ; ( i i ) N. Barbour, A Survey of North West Africa,
i f ^ i f i i?mii?m?mfi eo-niici? cicnfm
i London 1962; ( i b - ) R. Le Toumeau, Evolution
Iffim tmw? i c m t i?mff? cwm cmfmrnt tSfi?m Politique de I' Afrique Du nord musulmane. 1920
fici -^9m ic I fin, fifim, tm, itifwfim nt is>vb:i-n 1961, i r t f i l is>vbc^ % I
n mrncn ^t i?ft ict fif? fifie? itci i i t i i^fui
i
P. J. Vatikiotis (E. I.^)/ cms lfi?1 tim
mwmfn ciimji 1 tmm cmi cmiHtenf^,c m t^ffWfTsT (.1 ... s - ...1) 8 j . - ^ - j I t f ^tc Si|
Itn, ncm, f?m ntmfm i j.1 ... 3 -. ...I i i H im? isf ^ n , n n n isf 'mf'
Tat
Hif f i f i ? if^ i l i ? ic? ci, mmm fiemf iim (magic) mfi, l i ? H .divination (f?imf) 1t^2FI i
eifmft fifie? cmi i f fjfwiti i t i cmtm <^ fifi?fS5 m t f f i ' m - n t f f i m n H ci-itn m m , i i f i
itiiif! ifHif n t liiims itme!? fcmf? ^ iteifiiH iff? ia n t ifltmt ^mesf m ? ^ l Divination mfi
if>*ifci? ift mfifwji, iltifi ?iwSifi imi ?m?
?tfim bficc^ I lit imi mm mr menei "Uftwrm icsf icmi im n m rni'^-n "itiirm" { f ^ ) n t m
nr Sifieintm iijew^"-iei mirffi im n i m H ?m ti'm-iit? "itiitm" (...!); fieiite? 'fm m n wnrn-n
n C I , mmm ' i f mfi' i ? itw mn Q i f % f mn
i
liiit 1 < i l fta^ 'C?5-C11' (e. g. deut. xxiii, 23) iei?
?fifci? i?iim 'kat f^' is.vb'^ men ^ I t i f t I t n -
Iflt f i t fte? 1 icmi i ? i i t i i r mti, i f i m t i cicat
lit
t m ^ fc^ n ifim I t e i i i ? ^ i ^ Snfl; mfic

m lit m m if?if5 n 'f^ it??m icm mmt i i H
ite? C I , iitcw? tffimi mm ic^^g ^mtm isltifi, ?J?m i c n fif^ iei, ?ir i f i ? 1 (adjuration, exorcism
mwNi ^ itHitftim? cifiii lift ^ ficwm i f % f formula), mw??'^ Itâl l i r T c i i (priestly
ftiitm mm ie?twf?m fiemf if%5? ift mmeim m ordination), ^ , - i l H conjviration ( f m m 1^)
m i iwm Itfie mm ifimei I lesf n t . ^ ... i i t H i i r t e i i it mwi (ordlnant
i ^ i # s mmi s ( i ) G. Antonius, The Arab bishop) icsf ( f . Dozy, Supp. ii. 345 ff.; Fagnan,
Awakening, London 1938; (^) S. Haim, Arab Additions aux dicionnaires arabes, 14) i liltii
Nationalism i t i C l n t I f liiei^fl.iS>vb^ ( ) E.
Kedourie, England and the Middle East' The
?r?m i i f i 'imfe f t n m i i m t m icmi i
destruction of the Ottoman Empire, iS>J>8-cî icsf f m n itci; lit 5 . . . . - . ...I [ i l l n ? s m ^ n t
i n yhdb %; ( 8 ) B. Lewis, The Middle East and ^ . . . . 3 - ...1 (cmm Hffien mei i i i im i t i (,....,] icsf)]
the West, London 1954; (ff) H. Sharabi, f . T. A. Bulak, Ix, 26; W. R. Smith, in Jounal of
Governments and Politics of the Middle East in Philology, xiii (1885), 274; T. W. Davles, Magic,
the Twentieth Century, fstlitl-HSwlf is.^^ (<b) divination and demonology among the Hebrews
^ cm, Nationalism and Revolution in the Arab and their neighbours, London 1899, 44-7) i
world, filtl, fiSwtf iS>vbvb {<{) Z. N. Zeine, The ttf? ifff? cwm l i g f i f ? csjf? i c s f ^^r?^
i f s R m
Struggle for Arab independence, tli iSivbo if. \ n I itf? fif? m m t n ?r?m' i # m n 'niti'
ifîm
tntf fiierni
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Contents
feol
((., ^ a) "fCR? wef'StAslfert? R t f (essence) Rîlc^q t^f f t A s MTOM WtR-'wr^ (CttMtt), ?'iPttC? ?tRt

? ] ? ^ ^ I (XJI; "41^1?' "tR A t c t ^"i?^ (soothsayer-tt?") C4 M tAt ft<?tf tAt ?T?A At; 'tt'Wtt' - At) 'S
f TRt' tCR? S<^t% At^lCA [ f . ref. in Semitica, 'Rt' (^-Rt), >ilt ft? 'TOT' At 'RtTOT':?<^^^
viii (1958), 73, n. 4)] I e f f t M t f t r a t t f t ^ p T f t CTOR t f t f t ? tAt ft'=f? 4 M I C4R ? T M Cttit? R t ft^t?
fft%^t2ferr?i(j>^j^L, j>L-Aiî)ttT?Ttft?t<it TOT ?T?^ft?^f5I? tte? C6=Itt ttM 8(1.1:^ (CttTC<T? Ctt3!f^)
(belomancy) M t TOtf AWtC? ((? s ' ) R t t f e
4 f w
Wt?t ( M CttC21?) Wt?t 0 ( R ? t ^ At R ^ ) ,
W t ? .il?5 t t T ttt^n t A i M A ((2- S S9o) 'S ftM
ftgft tc-tAfi>4; wtR-ftttA (ai jil-ttft) fSM f t ? c?n?
ftM
AftTO^ I ?t?ft? ^ l f (chance)-'1f t W t ^ ttT mx

f?f?t ttf?? Stflsftft'#? s M c s . t ^ fttrt, S.11.) 1
?3TSft-^stftptt t % f tWtTTO lilt ftwtt^r^ R'SpTtAt
C4t? ' s ? ^ f??tct? f g t t "^pi t ^ w t t t m t
TOt A t t t r ^ {% al-Tabari, Tafsir, ii, 201, 1.3ff.) i
ft?Att At tf??C <i!^ ^ SfTO a M Ct?T? ftstttRtS
c f t ' s M f g t t r a s r s M belomancy-? t ^ i f t tfft?5"TO-iil?
( L i l J i ^ - f ft?)-C ?f, Rtft? ^4^4 f?f%'^ ftc?? f t C t t ' 5 t M 1
ft^ t f t ? M TO? t t ? f t ? - ' a ? ? f , f t ? ^ M ?ft?ftT:^, T. Fahd
lilt ^sttft 2t?Tct? C5tt 4 f t ? r c ^ P i v i n a t i o n , 180 ff.,
tA? fttrt stf ft?t atC^ At^f^m ( R ) - ^ ? f5tT5JA 'Wt?^'R-
f S T M 4^54 # ? C ? ? ^fti^ ?5v5lf ?TttTC? f t ^ atACt?
204 ff.) I TO S r o t C*ftl3M ??? s t M i T ? s t f f t ? i t ert
TOT ^ T O ftc?? RtAttT fiJACt? R^Rt fRftAî WtC5 I s f t t T O S
A? I
tttR' f t IfPAitC??TOT^ t f w t ? 4 T O RRC? fft Ct
t ^ f t c?5?R c f t ^ s M w ? ?ft? ft^tc??
RRTTO ?? WtftTOTO?,S a t ?tAr? ft45 s(j<t 4ftc??
(ill; ft?i;^ t t f t f T O
E t M i ? t fti^ wcsf ? T ? ^ 4t?lcA 1

tAt fttC?? W?I ( t ? ^ftttt,598) I f A i t t T O 8 tTO ^ R?tTt
Tjftoftr f f t ftc^t
wt?e? TOAit wt?'s w c ? ? 5 f t ??? s t f ^ T O t M t r o ?i?TO

ACt Stft ^^tCR ftft tAIC?? 'il4WtC4 ?t'TO f ? ? t f ^4f?TO
(5. wttt?t ( ? . ? . ftiTO), ?rt5t, t t ? M , f t'wt,
s t M s M
ttt ttRC??TOTtt 'jCig? ^tAtC4 f ?ttft 4f?C?R rAt f ^
wt?R, t t R t f t t , ^?(?5; W t R - W t t t t ' S ' R - ^ 3 j ? t , t t ' S t t t ' f "R-
'4f?C i'^, S9l-ioo) I
f ?W1?, t t ^ W t ; f . Divination, 195-204 ] I
aftSft Wl??tt R<)J ftte?? TOT M STTO tîft ?T?TO
fttttfttt'3 ftc?? RtAtCtT r Q ftf? t ^fitAtAtc
f?? tTf4c tte? RttTO?cft^sM wr?e?? .at SttTt ? t f t ?
4 M I tAte ? T ? A f t t A ( ^ i 5 ? . ?. ci'-iÔ TO??tRtt ( ^ j
?^ Wt4tet? tAt M W?TR I ?^ tftCR Sc^t tT'QttTO,^ît
^ tT5i?5 I c?^^?et? Re?T s t ^ M
StttfS ?Ttt4tC? St#r M I tf?3t 4t'TO R M R ^ ft4?t?A?
?. ?. i^vji) ?t pttRD?
2ttt ffi^ ?fte4 C4R (5_.lj 2) At

t t t t t t f t fwTO M W1?'S ^ t ? t?C?? f t ? (S?tA?Ct? TOT
tAifte fft ?T c t t - ^
isftTO (SjIj c)-m Ae?T ?tft?t fte^t (toss) ?5?f ^ i

5. Divination, 189f.), AtAt t t 4 (j>Aj).Wt?t ctt^tcsfritt
ft?ttfftt?tT3 CTOt AtAtC t ? r 5 t ? t f c 4 wAtrt cttc2!? ^4tft?
Wt?t Rft^ tTf%5?tt ?54 ft?M ^5t I WtR-fsTOtft (f?Ar?t,
(C^lS) ^tc ^^TATO?f f t - ? f t f t At TAt? M ttftc^ 'St, iiA t.) s t w ?t'TO ttfte? ? T ? ^ ftAR^CA^ m^ ft??
?ft= ?t?nc? (Cult) ?T?A S t r o t t f t ? ^mt^ I -ilt t A i f t 'S ? ^ sr4t?et R # I tfR4T?t tf^C<)M AtStCA w e ? 4 st4t?
M ftfBT M t1?t??C?? 'Urim' 'S Thummim s t M t ? t^ f?CiTt4 f t ? AtAt'fl4iS RTTOt ( A I R M ?Tt? ttOZI CtRttf
At?'I 1^ 5R)-C, C4t? 4t(A't At ttfte?? W?RtC? CttSi At tAC??
ftfft t ^ i f t f t wtR-TOFTtI ( 3 _ ^ i L i J I ) ? t t 4 C?ft? t f t c ? RtM c? C4t? ?Tf^ f M J t 4f?e ttf?e? 11?^ t*lAl4-'a?
^ l f % T ? TOt At I Wttg?stCt? ftr^tCtTA t ^ t f t ^ T ? ? T ? ^ ft?t-.a's rAt? R?ct:t4 t ^ ftttet? 5}r^ SflM R f w t t ,
^ f t ? 1 S f f t ? t A t C ? ? T O M 8 WtR-Wtft? ( f t c ? t 4 ) , Wt?-?tf Rtt'S ^RRT4- wftM ^t M sr4t? fte??, W t R - f S A t t f w t ?
( M t 4 ) 'S WtR-fTOtf?At ( ^ _ ^ l s t f f ^ t ? ) 1 f M f ? W t ' ttf^ ftc?? ttt cttt 4 f ? t t e ^ , SAtCt?TOt 4 ' W H (4?), Rt
' t t f t ? ' ((jjlu.) f f ? f t f M J t 4flro5? I 4 f t t t ^ ' S ' R - T O t r^'WtR (4ft'S Rt), tlAA (tR), tt?? (RR), Att' ( R ^ ) ,
ftc?? tiAtCtT t ftt? ?5f?TO C t t s t i l t t t t t t f t c t ? ? M Rtft' (S^), AttIA ( W A ^ ) , Rttt? ( q R t ) 'S RiftA' ( t A t
' S I ^ M A? (Wtttft, b-t, I o ) 1 f}Aj!? sffCtt? alACt M * t f 5 4 fttrct? 1t?ft'-TO w ^ t ) I R?ctet M? ^ j-ij sji
t M t t t r o ^4t?ct fft f t ? f t t M c w t ? ?ft?T 4 f W rl ! I (ct f t ? R ^ ) , RtAt? tte? ^4tfA^ 'S ftCtft sftf? Re?T
WtCAl R t t M 'M CStfM Wft4? "tSTO??Ttt4 W<TO4 WC?4
f t ? ^3 w f f t >i,Rfvt M tf?ai ?t'At I C A ' ^ A l R ' (g.) t RftMAt I 'iltte?'2??f?Ctt'}Aet? C t 5 3 j f t | f t R t T O
C??t? t t C ^ ?T?A f?Ct? t ^ I Rtft ^ 4 t t^\fC TO?ft? f?C^tCt? RtAtCtT ttT M t t tîfe4 #?e?? tf1S
?T?A ^ I f%l w t ^ c t M ?t A t M (Gratuity) 'S ct?t? CTOl? Stettf 4 M R'Sir A? I t t R l R lilt R W t ^ t CTOtt
stft f ? C ? M C4t? ?fTO f?f?tC? "Rttft?' f f ? 9 f R C 4 "Stf ? 5 M 1 TO I
t t R t f f?te4r?
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Contents
Sob-
s f ^ t i t s H m SflHl fflift!? iH#?? ( i ) npti^, wfinmi-ff," I I 6 ^ i i , vsffff, m i - f f ?
itnrtu mt, mt. Wustenfeld, i - 8 ; (c^) imt, i i , m-tntfiuT, uwti ivs<^<^ ft.) i tUe mf 'mUimf t m
io'^S-'^br; in Semitlca, b-1, (i&ffb- '^.), ff8-<^!; liii wfit? m f - I t f i i ( ? ) "s^c i f ^ mei s
3 F H le^ smH lilt Iim imtfii mini Ss,i,- tm ilifgi
d j i J - ^ ^ ^ C ? - : i ^ J J - ^ L l ^ j ^ i : ^ l jljl Ijl
5. (ff) Fahd, Kihana, E.l.^ v. 99-1011

T. Fahd, (E.l.^)/ cH Cits tft<|l ? l i t 1 Cits i t i g i <L_j^ <aji, J .
Itci
^^rf^^Wsf (g. tQti?m)
^ ? T f ^ ^ ( 6 j U ^ J l _ o . l ) S 1f I t f C i l T t I
H ,
"in cmuen cii cmi mew? t ^ ie?, n cn gt
lift tit 2ftifit m I itf'îtc? f i f f vs fiiti mit m'm mt mm m:?, usn mtf m'mn? iitu ^
i c i t w f i mfrntt i r f f n i t i c n i f n i fintfic ifi ?iffiiif (i)-iii? Sn tm itincn Sn m ui ic?
C i ! C i t l 9ms i ! i ific stc!, ci C I Si| n u t m c i m s ciutstf! ! i f i l i t mw mm wu iirtm n ) i
ifii fmm Sif ! v g ^ w u tffuu' ifiu fmm i ! i if'itc? fin iîtf lit tfûm ^ ytfrn mte? n
ific itc? I lilt imw U f f ^ ( 1 ) -itc ititfii f t f ^ miff m'mm fiuB iitti mnt ifiu fm' uu n i
iftUCl (5. fitf, fit^'g-U'vQU, ifiC51 8b-) s ...lUft jU.-_^^lêS\| I fictile l-f-^llfC!
S j U ^ : L ^ V l l J . - J A ^ j J ^ j ' 4 i < L i ^ , _ ^ l ^jL^ ift? Segi m, cm j-^jJ j J .
lit u v q u (m-- a i i
op--Sj t^jrjJ-^ j-^î-e f-*''^' j>-vi i?tf, mfi, i i , i b ^ ^ , m. ); (tn u'l, v ^ i ,

dj^-LJLÎj d j ^ -. ...I ^ 1 j ^ l " " J j - i ^ ^ !vO, m. i i , I f f , m. ^)'^t^_^ <dJI j L ^ (i^ C l l i , b-1, ! i
jjJal V J j J S j
d J L i -jt j k II i.'ll .ri m. id) I miimat
jj_o d J L t u l j d j j j i j f. ...11 ^ . J j i j ^ -
(XLL:; -vJ-e^' c^l j ^
'i
l
I ^ <(_aLuj "ffi mmif iisiif? f i u B iuti miu
^jjxLiiij
. A S I
i ? I f f i cmm wu mit f i % i icn U ! t ftm wtUfUe?

mife? ?fiuei i" m t i t t n t i - ' j ? fci n s f t nti um i
fif5 !tfi' i t c tu 'iSrc? fm m ci, fUiiii
itfi mi i t e t tfûm Sn m n ifiu mHeficn i
m t tfûu iU 1 ^ u C i i , mm cin n s f t f i f ^ Scstcij?
wu i f i e n i men Huoci tf%um leu
.<Laa.La.
f i i f i n
"?iffsiif ( 1 ) mttn ifft f i m tHuu fim fici
lan
i f i t it?ici, itf'itc? T j f t e um cm n l i uu m
m ctucn C i ! C i t l nut? if ! i i i c i c n
m*ur mt mti ir? n t uu iu m?u s^ f'm' u I cm tf%um wu nHei u^su itiui n u m m
i t i ic? s "c! mwif! mfi ctm ff%c ctm f i u t

iU CI, tHum n s'rett itwtf? i ^ ^ê cm fim mei
j^c i i t t i i t n t f? n t ctm if^ itc if^ ut, cum (Snouck Hurgronje, Mekka, ^ 1 , i , itftfm 8 ;
i m i f s j ! ijtit if? I i i i if^ cmm, mrt? cmi if^ Doutte, Magic et religion dans 1' Afrique du Nord,
I t t I ffit n f i f W H , mfi H ^ wtfi u i f f i n s i i ^ % S i o ) 1 ifssime? ^ f i i miew iui? fieuf
fin titc? ^ I c! rnitf mn? f i , f n fim n t 9m fifiu itif? U U C I m H'f? um f1^ i # t n
iHiti ftitei i f i f f i l i t mw mm w u i i r t i i ? m i? (m'-i??tf, mifiî- i f i i t i , itmr i o o o H,, f. i o o ) i
c? muci tm i f ^ U s I f f i ifi m i? CI, lilt mw mm ilfci ifUf ' i t f i i i i tt%ltU mei SifiS^ n i t
isf, mm f n iHiti ftitc? m i r t i i ? n mu itc ffff? icif? fieufim ifiuen (m-'iintlt, uiui,
tuci fc? U I n t t i t itc mnci fc? ui n t mm w u v o l , S ) i i.) I f ? m u f i fHuva tf%uu ?su !? j)
ciun iuti tift m muci i f ^ uâ m t Sm uuei .. -> I ^...tnitifmi,
mtci i f t ifnt Uvs i" f. tsvo, c n I t i ; f. i\ II J L - A ^ c - ^ ' '
igiUstC? f U f t i i f l i ? fit5*-m'sfl, i o i i % 5 5 j ; i fie?titei m - i l i f f , Wustenfeld i t ^ l , ^ i , i i v o , m.
i f l t f'm if? m m ?f( ituei i t n i t ^ i t f c i ? "mi- i b - i . liiift ifHf 1 ^ ifiuen) i t ^ u u - n S c R i e i i u f u
tf%uu'* ific^^ itf^tit;i if^ ^ûc^, f. 88o (fm, 1. i f Q uim iU (f. i t i - f f ^ , fiUf*i-S i t , f. i o , i < ^ )
i , ffi'tii f ' m 'm?5*i-ut?f ? 5 f i fiu^) l i t f'm'm itu u e i c m tufn? f em-t m1if n u U v s m u
I
I
m f i mte? f'm tuliut m m c i s i^fi m c i (g. mf W t l t f ' f - f l i f ? I t n t f (f. Bankipore Catalogue,

tnrf Hiem
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Contents
Boh
t n m'mm i f f t i m e n ifU u m f n "5fwi fii i w

iTtirc? i t f n fsiit? 'itfiiii f i n i i ^ i t n t i i % i m (f. Sm im? f t n cum i i f t ? u f i u t i H i t u m n i n
it^-itfffo^^^f^-, 'î, I t . V i . , f i i i t ^ i i^v8 (flt ititft?'^fffiiiui itnf u ? u ( t n i t ^ îf^'its,
f t . ; i t i - f i s t m o j i - 1 1 L j L : ^ i , i i m t i v o i i f t . . i i , i>iiv5 i.) I
^ 1 , iVQ:) I t ^ i t m Itm f i i t i it#m ifl (HlIt t?5 i ^ i ( f s ( i ) fUft, t n Itwt va l u l u i T f i i f ; (^)
fill) Itft? ?5?t? c? ftf iiit?t?rlT isfi fiitn,
i t i t
mf w f m i t i - f f , <(_uSiji > J . A -V _w ^ m'ffj.ff^ ijfisf-
Tlt? fimf? fi??1 Lane, Manners and Customs, tmfiuf, uwti i v o i i H.; (o) i t i - i t u f , t f U 'S^ji (frti'
ffi 1 5 . ^ 1 , iHr^n i i , i i , o^v-ifl ?ft?tn I H.), i 1 , i ! 1 ; ( 8 ) iH-5[?tU, t f % l f 1 , o 1 , 8'Js1-8'JsS.;
i^vs.
(ff) fiifitea? i f i f c f ? t f H u u fieuuen iHcsmfi,

6 - . 1 ^ L. f. JA, ib-lji ( . , i i , : i o i , it^fm ^ va ib-js-i) f , i i , 88<i;
"CI ijf^ tffit?t ic? CI i i i i f ? If c?
it? i i i i i '
(vJs) Phillot, Biblomancy, Divination, Superstitions
ic? CI i f e f? It" (it-t?i?rf, i t i - f ' w t f ' f ' - i - i i ^ , among'the Persians, Journal of the Asiatic Society
fiff 1 5 . ^ 1 , % oo8 i., S^ i T f iflt umftn ftffi' ifiif of Bengal-ifl f@, iJô-js ( . , .^,1, v5S>J i.; (s) Bulletin
?1it i?f ititci) I de la Societe de Geographie d' Gran ( i J o V % ) ,
ssf/ioi itf? ii?c I t f 'm?fimf it^ f^ft "fimf"f-
^brl., i I
t%it?t m'l-tHmt" ?m ic?i (iti-mvsiti^, ^. s s s ,
I t u t
Goldziher va itfui m f ? fiuff (U. U. t.)/ fiuw

m.) 1 ^flltflti
tf%it?ta fin-ftf imfmo i n Sitni "ifi-muff"
(it* 1 , ts^, m, i.)-c fifs tt?ici I if? iti-'m'sftw t^Fbîl' (-1 vI) s m?ff, tftnt "um?uu"
(^1 ^ ^. l i , ffam, i T f l f , i ^ , ifim vo; ifitff^-'ififi,
u "?jf3!5i i u " iflt i i i t f i m i i , m?f ?jti?en
f3iut?
itfimfii (technical) i^; t U UU ? ^ U ufmf

f. iô) uwtcw? iitii? i m CI, H f i mitf? fi?^ tffit?t IfliH'
It iHit CiR itw ic?i m I ? i i 'it?n?iif t n tfn t ? t C i ? n n 1 i n t u iflft i f 4 iniin; m s n

in? fifa; n, n tft? fim fftci IfliHSirii^ ( i n i u i f f uu? <ij?ii stu u?) i t e m ?K' ^c n u
iraj
?l??t? mfi fiit ?m, f f i Citipttf) cn iilici? if%H iflitfi?5 I t i ? T f 3 F f -stU U? I ttUfe except (uf)
itw t i H i f ? t i?f? icn (T?f?, fimf itiiti, 8 J , i ^ ? r i 5 n ifltmn, c m Everyone came except
i ?
m. ff^,m. o ", ffvs, m.8) i ifltiimc?Hf%îcf tfHif?i? Zayd, ( u n ?Tf i t f i u f n ) I i f ? f fu? f i f ^

l i c i t
f f H - i ^ vg f i ? ? i i^tci m i Sitni it?t it? i fifim ^ ^c Si| f?f^ i ^ i f t i i m i i t e n wu ? j ? f 5 -sû
ifH 'Qi^ff, iflnfi i c i i n? vesi^ffR itw i?t? nr? uei 1 n t (fuvsuif, i i , mi? i V f f ) s ii?u ( f ^ ilntns
ifl?t wtf? va iitiHi CiR iirw, cnntfif? i t ^ R c i ? Scutci IfliH fieiu); fivsm, fvsm ( f t iH, fvamm, Hvam'it)
ifntti itew? ^ t i H i T ? t it?f itWf? n H iwcn f i H (tm n H fieiiT i i ) , tm "?H U") "uf'; (itm, 'itu
Itfiit sficn 1 ifm iti-itfff, 'itniff (t?f?, if, f. ui'lui) fsfn, ifli m ) ; f i i t (>ffif) [iflilt'itfti f2Rit?tn
i^
V08, m. b); tff? i T J ? Htmm mr?tfci? n? itfm iii- fieiu, m ^c if??f va fi^rafn m:f uif n f t
^mficn S^ c? tHu?t? fm' iti f i % f cwH ?ti'mr? i t f i fSntUn fieiu, g . Flesischer, Kleinere
'iff?, de Goeje I t ^ l , % m. i 8 ) i < L L J ^ I Schriften, p. 405];i1lf5t twtf'-ifl? stfi1iei U ? f 5
1 ? s I f f Ufg, i m t , tft? n i i i i i d I
i ?
<tjL_J ICU tfHuu? ? i fgfc? Sni U t i f c i I

i'tf?t, Hu, ftm, ficiuici itnten i n i i n n t
j-ifl? i c i c i
mum i?wtci? U I f i i f r o n wu t i H i t U i r ? (Snouck

f i f i f t i w i l l ? ; S i m t t u f ititft? m?ff ifiei i f l t i i
Hargronje, Mekka, ^ 1 , i o i s , m. i ) i m SUf?i3
i m
i t n s wtt'm'i-iivsf i f i u u Hît u itit u U i i i m -
itd CI, fiifitcf? CiR i f l i ui'mif? Utitc? i f i i time m?u' va mi-fUiuus f t i t - n m i i ^ i m ?r?ft? n i i
Si%o fou? wu e|s3if%f%i tui (Jjj J j_yiic) n<ci tHif?l? i m ( g . t n i f ^ , f. '5,'Jsj, 1 3 ! ^ - i j ) I
itmm civsif it [Smi?i mi-uvamf, Tffi, tm, um, 'itu-ifl? m m f n ? n s wfifi-nvaf tm
Wustenfeld itni, f. îxsl, U . o -] i ci ci^caf c i m i u um u m i u n R i t n u f i i (itffiut, ^ oi,i>) um
mum icf? ffim i f mf? m i Hue? t ^ u u ? Segi va m f t - n m i w i m ?j<it? f m i m , m - i t t i t i
ifiuen ( f . ifi-iTftft, rni'Huf"i-iiitw, .^.b-v, m. m-mv3iiva ;flt Uift? f m i f i u f i c n ( u m - n w u
.^.i,
i)'Su? t n 'itfH'i-'mfi ( H f ? 'Su?) imei UUUftff? f i t f l t l , f. vsi, las <i n t t n u ' ^ , f. .^.vJsi,
ifluH.
?ifift ? f ^ mei c?, fH tm? ff?uu? i t ? f ^ m^fR laj iv!j-;i,o va g . )
t m f Hiem
t.H.ff/ff^
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Contents
t#nt' 8io tifm
t g t - w n H i j 4 % - i m <iit<w? iH iir imtm I C I n f v s f i ? f i i i mt

Iflt ic nt fl'sH
m ft; iflt ? m ?H u - i m n (u u - f w n ) , f i m m?en imr^ i f c iHi n ii?u m m i k n i
n nfiTf m m n r m u f n f t u m i iiH? i m it?ei Sm t i f i t j ufie uHuei ifUUHicn ic

uiU3i i
m m m r m ( t n u H i , m f m r t , IP; xsivi'i t n Hm nt uvam'm win (mini itn); fHuHicn

'mfk, i i , ffo); 1! wi'uT'i n - s f tat m n ( I t m m ) IC t i t t i l ~a wtn (t^'i-mntft, fit<i'i-tnii, imt.
(a. Wright, ii, 336) i U U m (W3U n tu i H m m G. Weil, meunt os.) i;-tu-ci fmuHil fSimt n iHu
i
H i itc u u itc m cffsu i t u n Sft m i n 1 ^ n iU m ( f . i^, meitnt s ) i

tif i t e i Hwtci t m - n I C ? i i n m m i un n t i f i # t i?e^ SHfi i f i f ? ?if
8 w . Wright,
(i)
Itfti i ii i n u fntt u m i u m i m u i ^ ni Arabic Grammar^, ii, 335-43; (O M. Gaudefroy

tt i i t u u u s ur w f u r i - i T s i twt H u m ( H m t ) , t m Demombynes and R. Blachere, Gr. Ar.
H u n . (tfti) " c m m m n u t , 5 n t t u u m H u H i " . Classique^ pp. 386-7; ( ) J. -B. Belot, Gr., Ai^.,
( t n U * ^ , ^'bS M b--i<^)-ifli m n e l Noldeke (Zur a resume : pp. 293-5; (8) Lane, Lexicon, 1tf?ft
Grammatik, 37) t a t ' - n l i n c l m U tit^ m u : 1 i i ^ H fim fil^; (a) Reckendorf, Arabische Syntax,
ctTlttUcn I pp. 262; 'mn ciniis (b) fuvsmH, i i , u?it? ibrff-.:ô^
u t u m IC C I I i H t M - n tit^ l i n t i cmtc m (irtHi i?m), fim ifnt u?Tt? ib-ff-<, isso, isis.,i&o,
ci H H m i m u m 1 1 m t u i m i t i t H i ifliH ôi-^; (<) uuiitft, fitfili, ^? itmi, Broch, %

t i c i u n m u m H i , u f i i usf s " u n t m u f i ^ F i " \r\r-hb, f i e i ? ifiu \r\r-ho nt t n u ' ^ - n i t ? ! , %
Iflt u i j f t ? ' S i f f 4 i ^ [ m u l i i m cwm ir? u i f t i(th--h-i, fien ifiu ^ f f b - i * , imt. G. Jahn; (tr) t n
(iti) n t i I C ? u C I ! t ^ if?ci i f ? m m i H i n Ufii, mifiut, oi-b-voi t n 'm#ti-n i t ? ! , i i ,
12! v3
icsfva ? j ? m iHc u m ] I t m f n u m i m i ? u S i i < ; (io(t-i,% imt. fiHi-fti 'm?^'i-!ifi; (h) uHf"i-fi

i m u ^ u m c i f n t m CI, l i m c i i i ? u - n ifi m-mimuuft, ii?ii-mfiu, i i , ioa-iv, it tiif=i
11C1 t m ( u f ) - n ic? f i c i c u iH?f i u n i u n , i^sff H., ifltuH iicin iti if?e ^^n; fSms^, fif
C l U utcci CI, t i t n H n w m i t ^ i l i n i i iflt
meimr ufni i u c?ft i?i? I
i p j c m f i n u u u cif u u iici fif^ mfiuci ic m H. Fleisch (E. I.^) / lUn 'Hi
u w f r n i - i T s f twf u ? m ( i t ^ i l i i ) , t m u ? n ( i i i
^tf^Srl (Ecija- smmffim n H cif?
4_=..:i_^l)
f u m t tU<i ad sensum) i i n t m mfti Iietm (Cordova) lfi^1-if%n i!?H I
m r (1) 'mn'2??ti?iii ( f . # ? t u ? H , i i , i 8 , ?im (io,ooo m i u f uîjfi t i t cwfil (Genii) if? I
i i ; t n I t t i , ô, i<^) "tm"-c tifû'-? f l m ê? u?ff I iff& fmmei 's?teif tte??
i n i m ; f i f 'ii?u' m i u ? ^ n n t ? T ? i m H^'-â (Guadalquiverj 11 I) ift tU? m f i i i
I t c i uc?it n u m ; Itm, 'mu, f i c n . i f i u m m m:imf Uu.fli.i mtnf? (IBerian) iteitei -a f i m m ?iH
n i m n i i t u t u f u n uei? fimf? fieni itc fffi i i ? H meifm? mt (Cathaginians) mif
u u u n 11 m n t c m n t n n ? m i t u e i tit ititHi; fif citun muu mum u?ftm cm f ^ ufiu
mfie u H u t 2ffiei^ ' m n cii3iU3en l e u n ? i m t m m u t m ftn cuuim m f n f < f i f i f i f ^
i I iflt
tau f u n t i f t u I t f i n 1 n, ficn ifnt uufen (Augustus) m tifci i^ cwitH?

(1) Flesishcer (Kleinere Schriften,f. l 8 ) i m fim cieg (conventus) iHi 1U ifiien ! ? i
( u f T ? R ) - n l e u n u fSnt? i n i e n i t f i u n t f i m (Visigoths)>ufn t m mfci f i i t ^ U? U Lago de i
f3jut w i m , um m ? ? m n u , u m ii?ifu la Janda, Don Rodrigo i?twm n inft 'mim?

Ifln
( i f ? 1 i l U ) - n f i l l f n l Reckendorj (Die fiit mm f m m nt t m i f f i c i ? m mitt fiu

syntaktischen Verhaltnisse, 146, Anm, I) 'IT??' u m fiwftm u f n u^ n mfu'i-initi ( i i ) - i f l ? i
i e n ^ m u m u ? H u i n t i i m i f i u ^ n im<^ itmfci 'îrnfi i t n f m ^ mt, i n 'm?f?-?iirm

ite c m l e m m i u t u t m 1 U m U m n Fleischer ^ f2f f m m -a 'rnnptf? leu Sûfim mei i f i
m H?t i f i u e n i fusu' i e n fîf%? m r f. Fleischer, fm?m leSfm m i m
!v3m i m n t ntfw C5tt
loc. cit., % 1G-, 13! i i.

I t I
fam i? 113 ItiiH let nmrtf tfiwt-? u^îf m m
( 1 ) 'm?', 'Hm', ' ! t u ' - n m t i m lesf i t c u i nt cwfil 'sueiftm? va S i 7 m ^fie uei m?m i
cifva l i n e n if??i n f i f t m f i f % t n , n n fH i?tfw ^

i
f f F f a ir n i i^t n? tm mm
va
tmf fiiem
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8ii
lH>j[Slt! Aly-La-Chapelle m iflU ilPfww? Hit i t f U i t f i c i v g tfrnfm lilt fsimt iiH? ?! ij?m ?f!?ici i
sfisHt i m I 'Sm t n <i*pfw? Hegtrn 1? i i s tHsn Uf mm ut? tit Sff'i-fi v3 'tifm-iwti-iii liiiH
i g c i H i f i i ^ i M itHf< fll 1 t m i H ^ i f W W i c # 5 t , uHmfii (technical) ic^ iHl I f i ttnf if?tn
9mM figtfr i t c HH St^sHf i m i uHmm if?iitt,--it U?t?1 Capacity ntH u?^ n ( 1 U Tritton, Muslim
fn cmtm (fVIozarab) i - f l t ficgfm itici tfiwt ift<s Theology, London 1947, pp. 68 & n. 2)Q Wensinck
I t f ftim fic<fb -n; c i t ftci ^mit itim i s F m m tm mUn Faculty miii Power (pouvoir) UHtm
iflnmci n H ftft n i " i f f ? 'ififilf t i t mpit n ^ i T f I lilt Cicm? ir< 'tffi-itmiitrg u ^ f n t ^
ifntflcii ns, tm Sîtfiitf f f i 'iti^'iTiim Hsmci t>ifisi'm-iii? m<#?iri 'jf it^tc^ (5. it?i;i-'SfH'i-
m m i ifiit t f t I t i f m fimi f m i i fimf%îi um i r f 'm?î-wt??r?-n imusf, mtt. 'miî-itfi
fmfîtn^ ct?i i m n t tfiwr? fiir^ tm itfm 'Sim, miru yova/yhbct,o5o) i iift? m luîiri
n m i f c i n H cmn oni i m i imt n m if%cir*j rni-fawttf Sc^ if??ffcn (m'fm, imt. Fiugei, Leipzig
uift it IC? nt t m cif ^ti IC? (mfr mt-mf? 1845, pp. 18) f m ( i f ^ ) , f u (imm? i f ^ m:f
tn "ilfn l f l ^sfif^ it?lf|i) I tf^ i=im), vaufm ( i f ^ U C I tfî) tmt (tf^ i f ^ )
fiititc? im n tfiwt f i ^ i m wu ir^st^t? lit ifsH I
wtfsitfm mt itfi itîfli i f i f ir? n n? tit iff i f t f i muH t^-mfii? (iiiifm) Hm? fumiri
f??ltcn imtfci mn, tlt?t it?WR1? (Carmona) imfi m i mti fimm nut-fir^n mH f i itct
Hrwmri mfi ?fi?t itH ic? i f i f cifcn mt-f'tHi iift? iri? f?fgm u uri? fpti m?u imri fin
cic?tlt (Morona) itc c?tt (Ronda) lis m ^ ^ mntm i t ? t r i i m-m'mf f m umtf m-tmfi^fi
?f?m ?twi ^ 1 ?5m I ii fill mitiam rnitâfi irf tm ii?firn imm^n? ciftt^H itf^m? i m
m i ? t n ; f f i t n itfi it?wtitif tfwit, ^sfm ifium I lit icfn i l i Hfîc? Sell ?fiUcicitfi?
(OSuna) ntmintmt? (Aimodover) ciHci? itntfci fimf? firSirn wu g. R. Brunschvlg-n Devoir et
mn I i ? i f mn f? itfnn i i icfm *(?c?tci? pouvoir, in St. Isl., x x , 1-46 i mum i i t mntnt U
mt^ mi-fmv3?tf%i t n W mc?tntf itHfci ifc?t? ir?iH imic? iru f m ^ uHn s
ific iiCTî i l l i m i fH f m ci*iiiiic4 tfiwt i i f i I it?m fafw'mu tift'm ^ f-fu-n iru,
I i n i m ; f i f mmt ^ iTfj itfic I t i f m fsm liiiUi f i Q v a u - ? ir?ra i t ? cm u^fit m ut i tmm
fH I t l C l l i l t (Almeria)-? f i c i W ? t 1 iTtm i m nt ir cm Ufm in^ -cm. liiiH itw iHm n mstm mit
icfmitfm m m m Hscn ^tci i t ^ a v a i t i , IS>SOAS) f i ? m icUiH.tir? tifti i l i m ^ n i
Wl, iô-Jj I t c i mwf'fi i m I fintim icu itmt cit ^ I f'tfificn I C U UiUm iHii uf?iitn
ftn nfti if?c t ^ i i t i ifimfim tmsnisb-i/i^b-^ tff!^! mt tifti ItiH i < i l l if?ri, um uu mw
I t i 113 ii?H i t i i m ut 1 iS ? n ? t f i f i i i i cit f R imtn i u m n I mf"i-iim iutu i f u u f m
^ c ?f^ n nt titm if??c '^%tim mt n H ftfi ificn n, tit "im n n m itifn itmsu (accident)
1? I n ftct tfiwt 'fstim fi??^ mji cntitftc iHi lilt it IttH? Sm 1 t r ? t f i Û itw (f. R. Brunschvlg,
1? nt fti ltct ititm ?tcwj? f^tsliw? (Reconquista) art. cit., 14) i U?t?1tn f'mfifi m ir t u itrn fn
i^
itiHo n 1 iftu u n I n t u rniri uum^nmn i t i f t m u

i f i # t 8 ( i ) Hmf, m?-?t^fi-H'i?, imt. ^3 m nt ItiH mtfi itm m tU cn itu m i m i i ^
E. Levi-Provercal, i T f ? . f . iS-e, l^H i r f ? 'J. mft fH itm m ' i t i ifim mm'? mu fim m i ^
^ o - i ; (^) t n titf, ?tm ^ i r f ? ^ 1 , y b s - ( t , mH Sri u I f'tfif Tjflf finft? itntnt uu utn
i r f ? % îsS-e; (o) R. Dozy, Hist. Mus. Esp., ^1, 'm?fl-wt??t?-nirf, % oyo i. (f. f. oho, 'it?s[i-ifi
(2-S)-55, .^br'i-Jso; ( 8 ) E. Levi-Provencal, Hist. Mus. 'Sim-n nfB, i t i a g. m-uut', fimfi-tHui?, imt.
Esp., i i , i f f ^ , ^ 1 , i s - ^ ^ ; (ff) Madoz, Diccionario Nyberg^ I f - Nader, t ? i i 5 f f 8
- ^ ^f. i s ^ - l ^ ) i HUm
geografico, 11, sotr; (b) E. Saavedra, Estudio sobre ir n imm u if%5 itri? fn iftu Un mu I t i mitfi
la invasion de los arabes en Espana, 77 i fiumitri I '
A. Huici Ivliranda (E. L^) / fits m^tcn o I fwfiu' un ififs n nftn m - i t i ' m f f m
^ > ( f ^ v o r ^ i ( L c i u - . , v I) s mstm, wif%5, t'm f i f f ?fiu m if?ri n t itff"i-tiu i t i i m
^ v a m , l i l t i t ^ l i i i c n I t f m i iiH i ? m i mfw u fimftcn, mm tffim'm-? liitmn i t ^ fiucn s mi
t m f fiicm
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Contents
R t t W RTOT(R STOI? l i t T O t e t ^ TO, "lAt I ?fMt t A t 2tTR5tC? W t ^ ?54 ^ A ?TO?a t f t f t Wt4ft4 R5TO
ft'WT ftTO t s ^ ' R - A l ^ CTt S t m H > j 5 i C A ^ W fTbft tttr ?Tt?t t A f 'ttf' ^ t t I W(iR f ' T f t % R ? CtAit TOtt CR
<1>R?I1W 's ( t t f t ^ ) R ? A f t ; w ^ [ f R l f ? f t f t ; w T 4 f f w W^[trf t A f ^4tCt? 'p? R?tM A t Rf, A??SAR R C ^ RC5 ( g .
TOl; t ^ S w t T (RTTO) I ^ f f t A ?TO?S t M j p (ilt i^, iA(2-/Aoi) I WtfWlf ?Mt?f? R ? 3 1 t t t ? f t f f t ?fA?rtCA,
tatW%STORRtAfttTTOtlftiR?t<Wft ttftCs tTlRRf C t t s f t ? CttfR4 t t R AftttC^, t 4 ^ t t f t ^ CRtC4? ^ f t ? M ^ l t f
(5. WtR-Wn'Wlft, TOlRl, R t f . 'WlR^'R-Alfft, MSMI, T. W^[ttft t4^ tfiftT'S "aftAfCA I WtR-'S[4Sftf f f A R f ' f t ^ a)rt
ft., W. Montgomery Watt, Free will
iio-A ('J. i V - i S . ) liltetR? R t ? R ? C ^ t 4RillCA'l I t f ^ ?T W R
and Predstination, London 1948, pp. 116-7)1 (Capacity) R ? ' ^ 1ft >iltfc? I t t t c ^ , "wt?T t t f ^ w t i T A
lift SfAt^lR^CAS R W Wt?-Rl^-iira t^lRTOs R?fa5 ^ 711^ ^f? RCtT ^ ?5C??, tTAtAt t A t ? t CAtRC T t f ? t R R W f S t f
tTra, RfAt WtR-WfR'WtIt TOTA RCSf tH^'Cj'i^ S t f t ^ At ?tt 4t??T tTC4 1" tft 1?CtRtC? S c a t 4t?Af ?CfR Ct, s f f
R=Rt' Capacity ^ t l w Rt, t t r ; ^ 'JTR t A l A wft'^'s A t w C?ttTt (Af4lft-5trf) AtcCA t f ^ At W R 1#ifT AtAt
At, t t T R A SctStCtT (R ?nrA? t A t Rj|a|4 ( R t ^4tIRA f l C At*)T1tt4lC<l ^tCt? f 5 ? t ft?Rt ? # ? t t l C 4TO?<tC?? R C ^
WtltAtAffltTOR I tt5?t ttC4 I R?"CCt Wlt?t ?fRC ttf? C?, t T j f w f ' w t ' - . i R C?
8 I WtR-WtR'wtft f t T O t T O t ( ^ R t R t R?.ARt, t. ft., TOtT TAf w n ' W T f ? W i ? ' - ' i l ? C? TOtt tAf? " ^ A T O
(i^-(t) a f t ^ f f T O ftWA ijltvof ^J f j f t ^ l ' W t R ^ WtTRtMt <fA?IICA, SAt ^ R ?t?t TO? ^4tC?? R t ?t SCt? ii|?5C3!
^RslCA-lTO?f ^ ' W t ( R t f . 'S t s A f i t W^. R . Mc Carthy,
1:^^ ife(hs -Î., 'J. (2-8-fe, i>!5-fe'b) afc^va lii^ft W T O R ^ (ilt (2- I w t f - W t t ' W T f t c t ? t1tl^jC"tT W T ^ - R t ^ f f TAt?
ftt?lt W T t R t ^ 4 f t ? r f t ^ I tAT!t AC W o t t f " t f t R T O l f t ftt?[ô-t^s^ (R. Brunschvlg-f S f l f t TOC^'J. A<f-
W t ^ . f f t TOA 'Rsft:t? RC5f 'S ?tTRA StTAtWIR l" t f e ^tTAA A'is, f ? c R t ' s ftc#t4t g.)-iii? TOTAtfA4 R t t t t c ^ Scgt
'pA fttTTO t l W Rt, iiltttC?t f t f t f t C t A RC5f f t T O ATTO ?!C?? S ( ? 5 ) ^ f f t 4 S t T T O StTC?? R ? A f t , AtAt Wt^tAA TO
tAftR I (R ATftR 2ttRtW%f '2tft4 R ? A f t R t t ( R R f t # T t TO? RtAt ?tC?? l e t ?RR t T e 4 , W T ^ - W t f W t f t t ttAfC4
C'Ailsjii) Af?t wfaFl^ A ? ( R TOtrt ?A<ft R t t t R 4 f t : ''Brtwt-'il? W[tf^ tf WR ?fR?1C^, fft tAf^ RtR C t ?
W W 5t(R Ift^SAt ttft1'wT-.ira ttTf TOtt R t A I W t A t W W f (Capacity); ( t ) CAttTt (Qualification) ( t f R t )
"^TS R t f i R R t f ^ ( f i A T ) t f t lAlt Rt AT?T CA "^TTO AfAf 4l*rfDC4 R??ftTOR,AfAf t A t e 4 atfTO ?t ttf%? RCSf
t t f t ^ R ? A f t A f A l t A S 4 Rt ( R R , CR S ^ ^4ftft R t t t A 4 f t 7 a R t f ^ TO TO? tAfC '2?f4 t f I T Wte?tt TO I C? 'CtttTT'
R T < AtC4; tt?t W t ^ t T O RCtT tt t f t f f tTORt i t I t R t'jf1'WT-C4 R ? ' ^ TO TO t A f CtR " t T g l t f ? R t ^ ' - i i l ?
iiltlCA W l ^ tATC4 At t f f t R R TO tsC?R R t t , AtAt TOTO sfl?it; t A f (il4 'et' '?t 'ctttTt' (quality) AtAt Rt^[et?
AtAt C4tR ftCtt ^ RAi A t t t ttC4TO?AtAt CAttTt t f ^ RC^ R T ? W l < I
W t l Se,R 1 (ilt W C t t ART TO, 'WtltA A t c ^ R t ^ TO? b I t A ? A t ? t - ( i R ? f T O RCtT WTtAt f?f^ l ^ i f T O R A
g t t " , 1R At R ^ Ct C4tA îC^^lt g t f I tAf ^tCM ft (ilt Rf?it R t 4 f ^ t t < 4 T C t f ^ t i t S ( 4 ) TO? 'jTR AT?T
ftîtC Cfl^ttc A t c ? Ct, Rt^pt? ' f t t A ^ ' ?ft?tC^ ? RtC?? ^tfA4RSSft; ( t ) 4 f i ^ t ^ < f ^ T O T O T W t l l A ^ f ^ 2 t T ^ = t e ?
W T O ' (Acquisition of acts) (ilt ftttft R ^ WtfWtfttCt? a te,"^fef4tCA f S iii4l^ Wt4f%4 t (accident); t A t 4 C t ?
2 f p WtCRtMt aRitlGA I S T O ? t A ? i t W t R - A t f t w t f tAtA T!?ttt RC5f R A f A t T T O , t A t a C?ft f4^ RCA I t A ^ A t f t A C t R , .ilt
( R t f . Mc Carthy, '2??i iS.(2-1 %, >[. AV<b-S.(t) at^ f f i t t w f ^ ^ f t t c i f i A ^ f T s ?it' (Perfection of capacity) 1
tfftT'Wt RtiR^ft^tft ^ t C t l H l ?5f?AlC5? I ftft %fRîR t A f Atc (ilt TOtt S ^ A ? Ct, 2ttR w f WÎRtf W f ? t T f ?
(5. t fft'^)RC5f t? RACSf t A t ? tf<?sT ft?t?t 4 f t : tte?? 1?^ 4 f t T O ' CtttTt AfAAtC^', 14^ f^f? w f W[?tf 'tAfA CR
Rtt; t^tttt^ t r f t R ' 4 t T O At ' f t t t ? ^ ' , W t A t C ^ W f l t l A A CtttTt R t t (f4tt'R-f^RlR ft'R-ftRtR, ?t?rC?t R?, i 8 1 ft.,
^ t^ft1'Wt-iiI? CttRC R t ^ tftwt t ^ WÎRtft Ct C4t? ? t t 'St, Ai-<b, 'Si) I .iltttCt WtCAt (il4fS ?5tT CAtt 4 ? tTOCt,
ft%? 4l?C tte? I W(iR TAtC4 ' f t H ' ^ ' C^t!?) ART TO W t f t f R T O ?tC ? ^ fgff f&StTOt? C4t? C4t? WtttCASt
Rt (5. t(- ^ ) I WtR-^M3Al?f frro t^tttatC^ tsjftvsl'wt- ^ *|f^|f??'a '5fg?i9t sfRcft C t R t 4f?C?, C?tR A H t ^ Wt-
.il? S c g t 4 % T C ^ ( R t f . "4?tft W ^ . Luciani, Paris l A f f ^ t t f f WlR-fRt?f I 5tft t A t r#RT-(iR fwTttro
1938, 122/196, 125/201) t f t ^ Rt ^ ^ ( ^ s(t? RC^va '=1-llf=14 WtC5Tt5tt TOtAttc tTC? I t A f R! Ct, fft
RRt<4?;Ct, c t t f t s '"4tf?'->i|? ft5?t fttt ttC4TO?( i l t 4 t t ' 3 tRf1'WT-(iR S c g t TOR t i t I "??? 'f"R?T'-(iR ?5tT
W1C4 <1I?4 S t R ^ W?RAC?? R ? A f t ? RCSf R ^ ' l f f t f t t t ACR? AtAt 4CSf? ' p f RC5, "AtAt 4 C t ? ?t?t A t t t t1r4 I f4^
RC? A ? I tAt ^5tCR RB?t ttm C?, Stftft WT4ft4 RBTO ?TR tro RSRB? W A t T S i f TO Rt I tft WlC?4f^ f tn'-(il? ^ t f s
ttRtf f?tC4R
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m i d ? ift i l H m t l ; f i f tftCi mjstff m (g. titri Iflt f ^ - t i f ' i - ' m m t i , ( ^ 1 >Ji j>-Lc) m ^gm^tm
R. BrunschvlgSftfi i W , Si) i H s m c i m - 1 t f f f f ^tr 'jii im f? n, tit mm fw^ fiHimim cmi
fiiit
t n i m 1 ^ ?[f 'fn fiWJilH' t^lfiI'm l ^ i C l i t m - ScHtiififi i m mi i i f f t n im mr, m^ t^fi'il?

i t ^ t i
^pwiff fmn i%tcn (m'Hii, is) Sm m ffi s ^ (f. fif'?)-'i)?^SrsfiTtitmifffnSiffim i

iti'mff Iflt iifft icn ^mt Cifi n , w f if
i f i # f 8 (i) m # itfm, ii, i-M i . , ti-cmiuwm-?
(Capacity) nt mfji? n cui mjii mtm mm m V3
fiiii- 'I-'itm mii f i ^ fiiritm ??ii! îm i i ^ t
\s ifmf ^fff ^m m? i mfii fimt fim fifi ififcf? irm fH Scii ifimrn
mtm m^s cusm m? i cneft mm iît
m t i i s ^ fim? ^ " i " m, "flfgcnri i i ^
itfi-itvsmti - f
fimiftrit csfti fim fiirm it n, itfimfii i i ftmn i m mi mrnmci (it^pm) mm fim i f i iffej i f ,
t?5fm'm-n mim fif^ fSmmmi mfîrn mn m i mtm f i ? m ('m.)-'ii? Sf? umm-'fl? imfitn
I t i t i t n
i m fif^ ciicii itns fif^ m:f 'jf itifri i tit n ' t u HsicmfilTf" (ii, 1 , ^ 8 ) ; (^) itUf 1 - f l
i m mfn? mfi m^mot m
i i m ^^'fi m m m f^f%i
fitm t n 'ii^ t?fii-uift'-n tiuf"I-itm' f?-fi'
fsmmmi Smfiimn Hoifi 1 mm t'ititi'i-mam' u-m' fl f "i-itim', Hfi m
?imiînf i r S f i f i I t n ' 1 - f ^ U f i ' u n ii4>Vi'<8V-< (ii, 8ô) ;

ififs,
L. Gardet ( E . I ? ) / I i t n i l l (o) f . Brockelmann, i H . ^, ' J . SVi ; ( 8 ) m - f m m

^>|R)^T1H (5. mif- i - ) H'ifi- m iiisuH' 'i-fws vsu'i-itmfi f tiHi-fif?
t^Tt^^TSft' ( ^ L S ^ J L I ^ I ) ifiajmi#^, ififmi 'mm mfitH'1-H- iv3U'i-'mm, i38tmu irim (cî,

do); (e) m m m - ^ ( f . 4>^Vi^^<j:) i f mfff'i-
si<f
fiif-n fimfcf fit?[*-mmm m mgitfii ifism imn

tifnm Hfs itmn i mm-ifim
ifif i i ifi iifr
iiisuf f m'smfiH'i-ifim' ( J i i , sso) i mm i a i u q
if?ofli msfi fificn mni i mt mi lit ciUsH nfic i t Ut, iaifn mm cit i i i Uffifi?
I t i ! tfwu cific m itifH i titm cififtrt litsH
rcTi l i f i m i
m i l titir? iffnii mcu-iitcn i i tffim' ifim

imi m m ut I m^îiii (j ..) fim ? 5 m imi it
itc n 1
Urin^, gtuLe Monde du sorcier-iA i^mt ^
i f i f f 8 ( i ) m-itfiif, mntf i-Smf tffmtfii-
?<*f1f=1i i?^ n H isji^^ ifiif in Le Monde du
mtm ( f i i ' y o o o f t . ) , ' J . <\; {i) A. J. Wensinck, in
sorcier " T. Fahd, Le Monde du sorcier en Islam,
Isl. i, l O l f I
Sources Orientales-iA ( t 1 ) , iSs'Ji'Ji i e e - ^ o 8 i tntci
itfi^-^ t m f f i m n
fiHim ^ fiit5^-n wu g. Genles anges et
t?Tf%^frtf^- (f. m'vsfimm) demons " T. Fahd, Anges, demons et djinns en
^tf^-tilH 8 i t f i i i c i f f i i i m t fictfi
(jij-,-. ,i) Islam, in Scures Orientales, V I . (is>ti '^.), iee-cîS i
m^ i i , Doutte-n 1ffm Magie et religion dans T. Fahd (E.l.^)/f!m i l U I Iff itntf
I'Afrique du Nord ( r n i f s f i t ^ iS>oS> ' ^ . ) , % ovh ; fif ( 3 1 , 7 , - I - ,,.i) 8 S f v3 c i t n ifim n?
^ f f ^ f * n ^
tfi i T i ^ - i i i i filfmm ( i , yo'\ i.)-c tffimi um^fim i t H i l l iU 1 iff'itc?fif^H'm iitiifm

iiifimif'i-mmi, %m (f.)-cn icm isfi nft citii, f i i f ? i i U ituci ( t n mti-n umun m i l msu) 1
mlfii m ^djwlfli ifijHlIt (f. T. Fahd, Divination, iTtilfn tit i f i n = ' Q ? s f f 4 1 ? 1 mn nwi f H i m
S f i m n? luft tir ifiu U T i I
f. 8s>, tfm i ) I '1^mwfitii' tffmi (. .>i ^ - . . . q
i ^ i m n mm ifimn i m mn (f. Sources i f i ^ 8 f . tffnwt'I
Orientales, iSs^jiJi f., y<\o
l l , i imi nrmr ifirn? (E.L^)A[!m itm iff imtf)
i.) i t i - ^ ^
ti5'i-f<3mf%-'-n irf "tffmiff'i-m^sm' ifffi'

t^"^ s tfofum (iim (i-ii-.'.-wni) (....i /.-., I)
iru iU) f i u ^ i u fant itr S^î I m # i 'mHc

rnmr itmfiH'i-itim" mm f - o i -mjsm citim
f
tm i<f n fiHm ita s^^9\ mmi tff'i-'tif!' i l l (jJ^
i n ,
mtir mr i n itc (Sm) ifm iU 1?, i i f n t ?
j U i , ^ ^ . : L u . ^ I) mn %i!i n I I f i i n i i H tm u iff? if^ti-wf!, fim 1? n r i
m^ Itfit? i m f mn i^t fimt mm fw^ i m i i m m?s ir<f im ^tuci 1 Itir
fifiimmci ifim Siff im mi mitmci tfm

i t i a i t^'Ui tifci t?fu' 1 C 1 ) n iU ( I t f i f ?t m m
m t i f 5 ? f ? im n i cin mfiii fisfiim tit ific n m lii iifirfii iifiafm (itm s.), m i^sm itift
mm I f-cim imfi finft

itfii iftmri i cutt um (I'm) fim f?f mmwi n 1 f i f ^ m i?t?
t m f Hmn
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t3jf%TFm 8i8 t>jFotp!tV|
i m i t H f t ? fitm*? s c?t w m t f ? t m ? ift? i n j j - i m f l l i n t n ici? ?j?m ^tc tm,

? H ^ cmi f i f ft?T (?<i m f i t H i i i f i g m ? wm i ? ) , cm s ^ ij-^j] I fif mm lilt nen mm i i i
?mg m H m itc memHm ?^mc? wm mm? (mm) HH fiHft I
i t ? i H i , <nt w t i t ? i H f ^ mjsFi (f?m') ?wt? mm fiemwi i?[emn s mtfen fmsfi'mife j-niH
7[wjcf t i H m i i c i m H 1 H H ^ m?mc?? ^ iît mntc??
(.) (itfîef, fsffiir - -) iim ji mf n, cm'
i f ^ ' m H m cm^ cmi i i f t ? t i H * i t i m t f?m' mm
m? c i t 1 ^ 1? n ? m itc ftc?i m t i s JJJLX
(.1 uim s jj-=^ji ("cmmie^ CI
s t f 8 ( i ) i t i f m f , mi-ftmm, m?cm i J s ^ i % i%
Hmnm?r'mn ?") SI j . 7 , , ilx^j) 1 1 m ji
oh, 8o ; ( f ) mim'^, r # i , <M?C?I iji> H., i t , i<t < J .7.; (fH H men ift u ifcn iH um
(o) m f i , f f s t n ? , i f - Bousquet, i t , 8vb-i ; (8) t m ifiuflci?") "lilt uiftn f I m ji-n ifi u i i fli m 1
S t ? ii?f?-iif#f-ii^ mm, mt-m?i-'i i t f ? itmm, imt. fif fiusen iei i??fmei ui^jft^ mem? wu ji nt
mitf, i t , ô8t., m i 3g. t n f t n , utmmt iôsi ifm mem wu î m m im f?" (M. Gaudefroy-
H., t , foC^-vO 8t, i f f v O , i l l I Demombynes >s R. Blachere; Gr. Ar^, f. 8 l o , 13I
Y. Linant de Bellefonds (E.I.V i-8) I mn m?ifiiil i^jftm mem ji >s ji-in? u?uen
^fn ttiti m f m n t f iniH fu- ulii H ^ ifiuen s f. fm^suif, c^b-i mt? ;
5 , * ( f ^ i i ^ i i (j.i(|i",.,!) g (m.) fHc m^m, H t n m i m m-uuiitf, "fitfltl, mu t n mt*^, ^5.
(2-8f ii(2--8;
if?jw, t = # W t - I) f a m t m f a m - t i c t m Wright-n Ar. Br^., f. oob- B -a Reckendof-n Ar.

( j j . . - . o ) I t i t 'm?f ?n5?ct? e i ^ ? i n H t t H m i i i i i i Synt., j. o i i , i2t ivb f-iii litt mten Sell mcii
c i ? m f m?cm? m?jc5it n n i m m?, fm?n Gaudefroy-Demombynes -a Blachere-n ?1u?
i t T mm? i t m t H tcm i 'm?fc m m ? t ^ H m ? ? j m ^ mitusfcm mm uieuntef i??fitci mfif f? iît
n , itts m i ( m - f 5 i m m i], m m m m jJi) n t f i ulii (f. i.,'J. 810 tfm i ) I
l t i j j . i f t f ? H ( j A ) s ( t c i r ? F H ( I )m:tmif?i?cwtgti; j j . . . . u n t (].... jj> (mil? <j<ii! j.1.... j - i ) - n
f i f t m m ? m m i f t i (Reckendorf, Arabische ?i?ften wu f. fm-amif, iut? ^ b r o ; wright, ît, mm
Syntax, iS>, i o ) i f ? t Q ? 1 ? f ( i t , 8 8 , IS iS> ; 8o<t, i - b l ; Reckendorf. Ar. Synt., % i i i m n ? n ? l f i l i 1
y-i) ] i n t j i - n m i f t t n t t i i i i^tmn l i n i i H m c n s
'nt' uef m ? ^ ixit c m m - f ^ - 1H- "ms uife, '^mif'
ifiuuHH ien iît <jlLxiii j>i-n ?j<i!l? m^ cific
1
"?H?m 1? s ? i ^ j v j ^ ("fHHm?icimn U"Um jl .... i-n j>l-iil (f. Bergstrasser, f. ft., UU

1??") tiK c m m m m n c i i m iit m m i H m c m 1-8)I ,
f i t m tfi ? n i n m ; f i f ? H ? m n ? ? j v - > - ^ ^ iu s (1) fiemwi ijjfcmn i w n ^îift? u-fn
1 jj, titc m i c i ctm m m i f n t ? i i i H n H m?lat S^sen WUf. Reckendorf-n Ar. Synt., Itm i^bo c i
m n n il?cc^ i" t i r itc i f i m i ? n , i itcci mm (i ifimti cwm ixiiH i i m f 5 i
(1) 1) 11m
?t?mn i ^ j f m i t n t Jj^ itcci m? i m i i m e i Tj^mun int fin m t n itsfitfti m? itu (i_ i)-oi's 1
i f i i i H i t i f i c m f3Rn i m m m t m ifmtimn i^fltn lilt ief ?i?f.ite nu m, f. Wright, ft, mm i^bbr;
I t (f. Reckendof, f . ft., ^. ôff, f m f ) i W . H.

Reckendorf-n Ar. Synt., 'J. vot> i
worrei iflt icm c i t f i i m i i i H f i c i i ^ iH?ncn
n , jj.-ii? ?i?iicn cii3t i ^ j f m i t n cwt?tcit i f i m cmm
(Itm vi=m-m v-i fft letm n cwtutm)
I t i m i\
n i i t . lAi^H m n i i m f f i m i c i i i t t i n i G . itfu iuitmci's cm fif iHm wu Snn, i f m

Bergstrasser, 1, 'JJD n t (>hn m m m i r i ( i i w
fiiff^rni?ftun [itm Kfemn fam ( ^ j L u i ^ ) - n
f i m - i A ) Vemeinungs und Fragepartikeln und iH 1 1 m cm I t ? u ifim wu itmci-a f?m im icf
Verwandtes im Kur'an (Leipziger Semitische fmut i<emn ( ^ L _ a ) - n iH], iît iu?
f3Fm
Studien, ff/8t., iJi.i8 itm vbv--s>)->it mm f i f i m c n ?I?f n, f. Wright, ft, mm Reckendorf-nAr.

i-bJ*,
mm lilt i i c ^ f i e m i t u w i-â? i n j m (cwtmi Synt., 'J. Si I
t?misi)- m m ? m itc i t n , c m s ^ j j, (1) n t m inf fiimfi? wu f. Reckendorf,

s i - n i n i ? f t n ? if??i i f t m ' mt î I
t n t f f i i e m
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Contents
tffwR ?T%T ttM?t'
(^) X5tts)3tir4 T?m i-iira itl?r u : Ui-i^ra t Ms LaJb ^.), 8 V o - ; ( A ) Max Meyerhof, Die Materia medica
(3??, t A t A fttft S -(flA ^ J l , iUn-îra VI ATAA des Dioskurides bei den Arabem, in Quellen
und Studien z u r Geschichte der
A t r s CttT t t t (Wright, i t , Ab-8t 'S Ab-V 4 ) I
Naturwissenschaft und der Medizin, / 8 t . (AtftR
sr^t^t 8 t5 M ^ Sflft AAt "^SltAA arift^TRA
iS>W '^.) I
A M t A f t S ( i ) ftAtM3t1tA, i t , Wtm AV-5, 81s ( t T R I ^ aTPJlA
WAT, ttAt^ ftA%t A ' S t t WTOTC4tt ftctt^ Att), % R Amaldez (E.I.^)/tAfs W t f 1CA3
A t t - V i , A V O - 8 , tTtt?t ts,,; ( A ) A t t t l t t f , - g ^ t f t t R , AtAt ^'tf^'Ô. W )
( f 8 i - A , <fVi-8, A t t l Brock 'S t A A t f ^ - T O RtAA' , % t ^ l l ^ ^ ' ( - I j ;- 8 [-it ATtttAl^ ft5?Jtf # t t R
i i ( f i - 8 , i A o i - 8 , t t t . G. Jahn ; ( ) t A t ftttt Wt^f- Sttt t t f tT4t? R t t ^ 1 A l ^ ^ f ^ ( R ) #tTOf sftT Sc^^CtA
W t t t l f t , f t ft'R-Rtft?, i t , i O - i - U , A t , 85-(f, t t t . tA' W^[fCR ftf^ t t C ^ t atAtTOA f^f tAt3 # t W t T ? t ^ît
I
ftt-ftA ' s n A ^ ' R - A t f t ; ( 8 ) Atft- - t t - f t A WtM-WHfTOtft, SfTO frortt RT*H R ^ t A A5f t t ^ t f t ? t t 4 t A 3 , . f t C t t

I
^fl?^ R-^tft?ft, A t , O-Ui-A, t^StfR t?, i A i * ft. ; (*) Wt?A tsfAAl tf?fCTA C t t R t C A RTtsttt 5tf ttftr^T'S t t t R R fACt
fAsft? (ftctt ^fSAT tt ft'R-RTftt-'ilA) t t t C T O T OTOT5 . R A t t f t (R)-.ilA t t f r o t C R A Ct t A'SRC?? RCtTt "ît Sttt
W. H. Worrell, The Interrogative Particle hal in tAf<3 A t t t TO 1 R t f t f t t C 4 Ctt TOTA C T O t A l f f ^ ( R )
Arabic, According to Native Sources and the ?5fttt ftft-lAC?*l WtC?ftTORI t R f T O A t SAfCtA WATR] I
Kur'an, in ZA, A i t , (i5ov ^.), i i - u - e o i t t f t A s t t ' t C T O W T f t t t f t 4 W < t 1 ? T O T O t , ttt3t?5?t, t t t WtAt

H. Fleisch (E.I.^/ctt ctts tft|A ^ A T O ^RT^ Atc f^fft ^'SRt I t t R t f t W t t C t ? t t A t T O 8 C4tR
^*tf^CH ^ f T % r ( J o ^ ^ ^ > i k ^ l ) s Stephanos; t t f t ? R t f R t t t t t f t ? ? ftsAt tAtC?5 t f ^ TO ft?At ftTO
Dioscorides-TO CtcBf^tt c t f ^ (Materia medica)-A CffSTO R R ? CR t A i t t r o t tAt W t f ? T OTOTCA f?ftt R ? ?
Rtsttt I tAt WtftSRtsft'Wf f t A I A f i t C ^ ^ t ' ^ W ^ P ^ t w tAt? r I A R ? t RTOtAtc ft? tt1?sc A S 'tAtC4
tAlA <Ptt S c a t -^flttClA I 2ttt W^[Cs^ t ^ tAt ttfRCtA tRf??t' ARt A ? I fTOT;, C4t? t t R T O C4t? A t f c ^ -SFSfCai
Rc^ f t A T a R t R ' s R ^ c R t 4 (jm RTAtft?) IARTCA S f t f t WtAt 'SAttAftfCî W t A t WAT C4t?TC? Rt R?.Ct R5.Ctt
AtslCA I tAfC4 t # t t WtT--5t'3Atf^R^TOR tAA t t A l 4 CR tAI? Rtt R?,tR 4ftc tTC? Rt I CR t A t f fttf tAt
15.]-^ W f c t ftC?Itt tiRslfACtt I fft tAtCt? <[m t f t ^ 1?f% Rt A'Stt t w tAI? Rtt RstR '4?t f?t?^ 11^ RfC??
(RttRT5F5ftA) Rtftc^ tACAtfsf ftCRR I ftftt WtC^^Ct tAtA ? s t t f ? M R t c ftft AGTO W?Tt ( i t 1?ft-ftTO WTCAtt
R t c w f t 4 T O ? 5 ^ f f tT t ? t -^T^-m AAIC s t t ^ ^tslCA; TOt At?lC^ I tRfAAT? R R ? f t R t .il?5 RtfR4 t t ^ I ?fft ?ft
tAt Dioscorides-iflA e t W wgRtC? t^lft CtttR4 R ? , ^ AJttTt^ t T O f A t t t ttC4 tAt AtCR R3T? ^ g f t i A'STO R ? C t R?.Ctt
(Explanation of the names of simples) S t A tAfA ttM^' C t t A t t t TO I CA R t f t ? A f f t 4 tt^ AS Rt tAtA
(AttCt t A f ^ ) ^5te tt'SAt TO I 1ft A f r o t C ^ , W t R - t f f t A T O R t ? f t R t (il?5 RtR I
ttM3?ttftCR3 R t t RttttCt t t f t - ^ tAt A T f R ( w r s - ^ p ' f T O ) t f f t A A t ' AttIttTOsA^STO ftft A t t ^ t ^ R A t A f t (R)-.iI?
4 4 cstrSRtt ctf?t (Materia medica) 4t4 rtt Atc A t f t A I " A t t t C t ? t ^ i C t C t Wt'3tR ? t R 4 ^m tTOftct?C?5
"WBlftC W^ft A5t I W J T O TOiS ^ t t ^ tAt t t A t C ^ A ( W l R - msi TOt A S 1 tAfCt? RC?T RTft^SftR1 R f t ( R ) tAtCt?
ttAfWR) ^ t t C t R ^ f A ? mi lft t A t ? W t W t t A TO R t c 4 (ilt t ? c ? t ftc5=H CS, t r o f f RIARITR? Rft R T O ^ f f t i
TOA (WtWTTO) I t t f M t R RS.-3FI^ S t t t t C A R .ft4 RtCt? Rt A t t t % mi ?tAt?t t r o f t ? ? TAt?t t R f A r o R t ? f t t t
'WT?ft tf?Ttt S t R t t TOR mi ,4tCR i^'aft? Rft ftft wt3Pt RtTOtt w tArct? Rft RA?1RTOtA t t c ? Rt l"
tt?f5 ftcTO I C t t R t ^ t c T O wt?ft t f t r o t tAr3 Witt f i R (<p<p,Rntct? t w t f t o wtc=ti5?t (iitfc? Scat 4?t 8
Rt, C t t s f R C ^ 'ft^ R t C t t Wf%ft tsC?A sfjCA Ct, tCA i I ? t ? C4t? R t f t f ? ^ , TO, ft^ A t f t R , ftttt?,
A?I fft^^ C4tt CRT4C4 ttîttC ttC?t, ftft ciltQlRA t f ^ S T O t f ? W , f ^ ?t S t C R ? Rt?TCt (il^WCt? RtfR^Ttt AtC
t f t T O T stttCA R W ^^Ât l" t A t stftTOCtttT CA, lilt s t t t W t M C A ? Rrft?tTO Sfrof A t t ? lAtW t'jfA?T' t t R ?
W^[Att4tf5 C4t? R*lTtf t t f t t W t T O R A t t f t .ft4 t?t ^Rcô ^ t I Tft4tC? R 4 R trft lilt 1?f?-ftctCt? Wt'8TS
Atc R t t t ? ^ At^lt^ I t i R I T^tCt? RC?T CTOR RWt? TOCt R W ftCRTC?5?lt tAR Rt,
??^ tt^^ AtfR^f, tt'gAW l l C t l 4 , lilt? ft ^ ? ? ^ A t f t ^
8 ( i ) M. Steinschneider, Die
AT5TC^ Rft CAtR R t 4 ^ t ? TOt'S R ^ftRR t ( i t A i t
griechischen Aerzte in a r a b i s c h e n ,
t r o t t A t ? w r s t ^ftRI W?tT tlPl^ RttAtCA t r o ?Tf3!R
Uebersetzungen, in Vlrchows Archiv, Cxxiv(ib-ii
t t ? R f M AS ( t t f t R , 5ttR-T?, A t , i A f t ) I
t t R t f t lAtCAT?
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Contents
Sib
uPiiHi ! f N M ? m irf fitIt % T , sm H mm tifnts n ? f u n u f m m fiam, U i f cun u

Sua t>jf<jm' itmT^nmn mmfi i t , ?fia cwt f i m l t d i n f itUei tit? tffnt^ n ? f u i m f f i i
fi^ fimm wftim? cm? mmi fn m i m?i mfimif f s u i w I c m u f ? u f i i i f C > - ^ ) n miten t ? # n t '
iNc<t<i i n itf mm i mn? cmi imit fn m i iît n f t f ^ i f i t i u m mnen mtfîeu f i i mt i f i u i u i
CWU5 f?f^ mme?? i^nm i T t fi'snn? i c m wtfiSf m I uiten villus u f i i i f ii? mt n t uiten u f i i
miK?? ficiiîi fuff i ! % i ? n 3 tffnf' ^ t c i f ^vg^ i ^ fiueimuen t!3fnt? n ? f u n f t f f
mitif fiitm ( t ? i 1111, f l im, ioi, vsiff) I iii?# U^ 111 I i f i c n ffi? cm^vg ^^^^ n ? f u viiit i m i l
itmi Siti?i ^ c ^ <mm mffm? itff mmtfm ?fi?t m t f m m ie ^ cwm t^fî?l? i i ? f it fi i t n - m i
m 1 ? n n nft mf n m f t i t f i i mm ifsn mfii vit f n n n m f u n f e n m t l ufii? c f f i c i t f n i i f i
1
1 ^ fifSj^ i t i (>iit ^mm? ci'iflifci tffntt' mjcitn c m u f ? ifi? m m ft i t n if?u uei n t

im itmci, fi? mm mum^n ici), mirnfn nc?rii? S?t titci fistm il?u cn mu ^^ci u f H c i i^ fjfnut'
fîâc ca^m tit? m ffim ifvsm mcit fiam n Dsm? i t n if?e i t n ( t n f i t u , f i f , i i , ao>>) i tffnm
m?Tci C I mm f ? I f f i i item iim Ifsici? ltd fifim viit n ? f m ifiut u f ? C T C J intwi m t i t n i m i r
mfii I >iit cma mf? ie? imn? fi^ itm cm i^ ? n c m u f fiufim n n t mr c m m c i u m f ?
cnt fic itn m m itm i m?ci? cm mitm itci ffie m m f i m mtfiu m mm i t c i muei tffim'
m f a tifci tffnt' itn ?5f?c i t I H i t m t f i t n m i f i u n t tm u n ific i t n i t n t f m t i
fiffiiii >iit cm3ftifnt^ ?tmt?it ffim fimcn I n u ^ u f n m u f ? ufif n m m f i ffcitci? u e n f s m
capat ii I f f ? i n n'sm i ? fmzRf n iâm cma m f ? ^fiwfi m?ei m m t m i t i i t n g t i t i f^ f i i
fmt t^tf*}?!' memi ifimen i
n t mitiitm^ci m m t m n t i ^ n g t ^ - '
f I ieji I t f e i vg S f v g m r t i e i (f. "mn i i ^ ) - U l f cmcn cwf t^fi?i c m u f ? n iH? ifiuoi
mm ifien f i n m itif cmm? iei mm ificn f f i c m mifts, c m uf^ m c m u f e i li?, m u Sv5?ifi?i?fC3f
tffnr* i m ifie i t i vît cwm mmf imnflii m 11 m n viit u f ? t^fi^l' i t n c n u m t 1% ci
fi m m i t c f^ 1 cmi ifim n m m i tffnt' m m ift I t n ifie itfin u i vit cieat m imif?t
i m i m ifne^ fi mi-uti i i tm (f. t . f?., i , >iiii I c m wtfif m m e n fm?nsii îit u u u n m
vsbr^-ji.) men fitfii ifimen i m m ifien fmfif? Hesism S n Uittmen ( t n W , mi-fitir, ioi, oya) i
mm I f i f cmn iSi nm mm ffi? m?ei i ^ , t i t e vit ?ititn u f i f m - u e n m t i ifii? i t n ? n t new
cm itHi i t (mi-mm'^', T # I , vsi, VS) I ieuieuu i vit m t i i f i t f tffnt' u n m f u f e i c m
vs I ifiem cm mfei tm itfii cm m m mf^ fii uf^, Hen i f i u m n w i i f t m f i i t if1 if?e
mm men itei fim fiei mmei tffnt' itn if?e i t n ume m m f n i f i i m m tifnt' u m n n ?
i t I "it cwm m t f mtl fiftt ?ifi2R?f i m m fiie5 mfie u u n i >iit iftf u f i (Trust) u
tffni? Sn fmen cwi ^ff? im? itHcivs tm fsimfm (vsuf'm itc) itei ififs i
itm m f f ^ mt?tf f m t viifttm sfimen i mt n mf t5jfnt' i t n u i H c i m m iffim s n ?if%; c m
mm ificn i f t i m ifimei, msn mm iH? imei f n u f uwi i m n m m t^fnrr'nntfi m m ift
m m iHm fim ifimci>iit cwm mmei tfHfm' i m c f i i m i f t n m , C I vsm? ii?tci fi^ n i vit cwm
im i t c mtif cffsm i t ? i c ^ i m i liit cwm tfff?f' m u f i t t i f i i i i f i f fieii f f i m f i t H i i H u e n i t m
Sc?tiifti I m m tm viin mtitc?? i f t f i % lei nitn I C I m t i f mf*?i vit f?H liifttu ^fie m itci mm
n mf^ nft m f c i 3F? iHm e,-îte. m m ifim muei i U u ifie m mr u i titm ftms (f.) uei n H H f n
fim ifimei i i^t cwm u f i f , itfi'^ vg ;^tuf imuen S m i ?#?ien ? t m u f n f n mw u f e i c m f ^
fifilihii tili?t? Sn c m m f i fimen i f m t ^ît ?if^ f i i t f i m nvsu it n t -iit cicUi? ?if%5 imei
m ifimen, m t f 11 Ui f^ i cmi iHm uen mu ^<8,^m ulf?, i i u e n m?iei f i m f"#1 it i m f m t
i t m n, t m mf f f i ifm mff'?-mfen i f f t fiiten tifi i m if? I liitmn mitei tm u n i u itc
mt t i t ifimen i m i m?if'?-?tfi nft ufei 3F? c?ut cusu ^ 1 m neif tm f i m itmei, t m m
ifim um m i S i f ? ifmtfien i t ffi i f i t c i cicat t7ifnt' iwtwi I C I I f i f it^tf vs m f i f f i f i f i i i i
ufftTjp? i m n m m ifiu fim fim i m i?tu< cn "it fHmei Hmfimn iitm *f??icn ( t n f U U , f i f ,
(tn f uu, fif, (to'\-\r) 1 11, ( t i v s ; u f i , f i m m , iî, i i ^ v s ) I
t m f Hicm
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lit % i tiHim? HfiHwi i U H j i l f f o i i R ^ w l!l? iu? m ii nu n i ffi uificn tfftcn irsf naj
wnt? m tft? I U t t ? l f % ctt ? s % ^ 1 c?i?, ufH if?u liiilt ?nt nu? tm ?i^ ifium (f. ^^vJS) i tm
f a ? -srf?? ?si 1 ? ums 1 1 nr?? iru nft iti HHffb-o/iib-8-b-ffu n ?@iiH (m u'f ? mi-uif?,
2 ( 1 ? ufn I turfijufi1 ? c?, ufft f # t f ifi?
tu? Sift? cn I ifus cin ?lu i^cn
ffb-o-S)ff/iib-8-^^)-ci
m s i f?ff itîHi I m n , C I fll ^ mm, u u ? i n CI,uitm ffb-Vnr'^-iirtm i i & i itn fH ifft
tu? fugm fN? t?? 1 ? lit I lilt ufftn f^
tu? Hficflm, fif 1^ n m i?itf itu's tftr if^ ftun,
i j i r ? ? iiri C H S fic ^s^c? i um tfi cn C I , itrunuf' nmficuf itit?f i#t
tffnti iff ufuif u#n? tm (Uftu mui Itft itruwm C T O 5 fft? 3r5^ ffi ?tm i mrtt wSn
Ifntci? l U f i T ) nt f?uHt i t % n tmr? ic?j ntu mf t m i t n um t n vsuifici Sn< i u n itft?
n n u?i I U ? w u fufcn i f i f C ! ifi'mcitnt? u?i?u i m uu cm iHn Uvsu u? u i
i u ttatc^ I fif<['i-t^f^m? fi itci fi^ ; tur l U ^ F n nt
srf*r#f s [ ( i ) nff fUtff, fiifil-f^, "Hism s vs ifu? fsuffi ?iu i^ ft?tn I film tffn
tm f f f v s u ? ir^ffi?f^1initUii?iUU?fiU; cfcitfii I'fif? n cif fif i f i u itcufw ft? tci
(^) fui mf ifi, fist?[*i-fimf , ifc^n s ffi?fû:i? nt ificin iulu film irsf S ^ iim f i i t i fitm
iff 1 f ? 1 1 ; () flUl UtfUl, 8 vs (2-1 ; ( 8 ) fill ?lu >^ffrfii rii? itri fifjtm ifinfi ft?m,
utfif, fimf*--!!!?!, ufc^n g ^ f ? tffnf' im, m t i f n iifiti' vs ints ifi-iajifi? ?<u? itititfi
fit5'-titi-, u^c^n-v^, fii![1-im, i g c B n - v ^ , ] ; fiii SvgB iflt I t f t f ? ?Ht ?HlIt? :j1I mu ifif^31?
u m
i f i f c i ? tm ufCBn, (ficn (a) it?fuf, ftnu, ituu i H i ^ <t?ilc^ 1

iisvovls 8 1 , vbff 1 . ) ; () Ulf, fiuuf "i-wiw (uf'^), tu A. Von Kremer 1i n H ittHi mtlU? fin
?i?ru i & o b - 'ii., <î, ids-â. ; (<H) u f i , fimn?, i f . fll Description de 1' Afrique par un geographe
Bousquet, ^ 1 , i ^ o - b r ; (br) t^ f^, fif, H U U yob'i arabe anonyme du 6^ siecle de I'hegire, fr?U
ft., "Hi, Q-oo 1 . ; (>9)fifû?ucnic?jfiuîimcimt? ibrff;^ v*!. ; mifwffi iffvjso i i t f i i f i i H v s f i i uticn
VQ
wu C l f l fiun-'^ if UfUf"i-Sm if, mitf if ^;i^ff, it#tfi'Qfi? i H mUl E. Fagnan, von Kremer-
f u i - n itc Sfifi, n U / ftitf, ^ 1 , b-b-->9 ; ( i o ) n mntîrfafif fif fufti f< il?r n < ft?illci-t i
Santillana, Istituzioni, C?11 i f e A * % , i i , ^(J^^-vs i mis ufilf fH tm lUf tU? mUl mmi L' Afrique
fSu g ' m n , tm vsnisy]^
s ^ [(>,>,) muif,
i septentrionale au xii^ siecle de'notre ere, in
mi-u?f-, i v o i , i s v b i., u f c e n g t^fnt'; ( i ^ ) tui Recueil de notices et mem. de la Soc. archeol.
U^sm'^, f i i U ^ ' - m f i f i (f5l. Van den Berg), o 1 , de Constantine, xxxiii (1899), 11%Htitl i&oo ^f. i
v J s o i . ; ( i o ) iti "i-itH? (fgi. Van den Berg), <2-i8 iicic? U'l uifi 'itiHl-mfii fiiH^scn uticn ^^^ff,
i. ; ( i 8 ) m i - U ^ (Itsru i v o o i ft.), ^ 1 , i b r ^ ; ( i f f ) mifwui iffvjso vs vscîvjs iTfififi? n ff% ifiu ifiat
u'uf, mi-fu5i-fnt (iiiru ^ i S ) ft.), i i i , i f f f f i . ; ftnfcn f i l m itifii i?ifm lUf i f u n f n H
( i i j ) I t f UU! mnf, mifim i i f f i - i tf? fi-tifii- uf< i f fitf1-tffnr t? tTtH un i i t i i m ,
mi, iiift tuu (fin i v o i b - ft.); ( i < ^ ) itf^mi-uu?f, iimwtfsU i&ffbr ^ . I mîFCT Von Kremer vs Fagnan
ii?i'i-fi I t u 'mu'i-ftuu; ( i b r ) m i - f U v s v s u i t f 1-fnt, 1 ^ ? R f gt^ it#rfi? ifati il?v8 ^ i f # ( f i uur?
fimf1-tfff?t', i i 15?ni, i v ^ 8 f t . ; ( i s > ) Snouck filHvacn cwur?i (Bibl. Gen.) iiff vs 8 i f f it-^fl? if^
Hurgronje, Mekka, ^ i l , i^sff ; ( ^ o ) U. U. t., 1 , fll I m lit ii ?i?f it#ifisfic fu fti fiuui;
(mi] I m i tn itf u^' (fi?ti, ^ 8 ) u n wtn n n <it ?nt
Y. Linant De Bellefonds (E.I.^l/^nflf ^c S ^ untn m n H i t i fHu iHitcn um ^
t'lf^^ (jl ...1) g ^ jl ,^
- ,VI ^Ll.^ it^fi'vo irf iîff I
J L L ^ V I ,_.M r c?iinHfi nft friti-tfftii^ i f i f snt fini ir^Sflrfi i
i f I f l ifft cin m r i citi ffifii u iHr?ii ir? Ch. Pellat (E.I.^)/5ffg it^frn
ut IK? m ffi nc^ cif? ntv!st/iîin?fifuc^ %f%wm (g. tifwf')
ffi flcn I If t f t i f n t i n ci, ifft mfi C > i g (it.), tff Uvsuflw (g.)-i'au?
nwi niTi? mt fifi f *mfii i i U 'siifi' ftifr? S^tfi ii Ulf n H iif?tfii i i , uif?itn tft m w
flm I i??fiin tu nwi ufw? moi iteitfi n n t mint's m:<f <j?4) f?, ficil mufim ? (g.) i ^ mum
t m f fumri
t.H.ff/ffvo
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Contents
Sib-
2t1# c i t f n w m w ? H n t f i s W f t f i P R vs c'fhsPiicnS n i i ) mei ififS 1 i t n itct 'mn' i t f f i i f t f n

f m f "f-wtii m m s t i t i e n c i t f i m U t mir i t i H i f i i e n
i i R f n t m m r i f T m ^ rtfin i f i m mfi mr i iH ififefc? itf!ft I t m 1C1 f,it?^ I t i i , c m n t c i i
t r n f m i HRiffti ( m t f f i 'mr) if "mm rm vs i H i i i tTtfi I t f i f f vsmen s t m m i f i f 1 i m t m m i
i f i m f i f i w t f i s f n f m m r w m t i r ^c vît i < H i i i n - t m vs c m tTffi? iH itf?fs f i n t f i (g. f s m
S\if n "fiw? w r u m f i m s t m mr" i fift t i f ^ l t i wT?fi) I 'mrnrf fiitite? i n f m ? m f t f f vsmfif-wt?i
vs
î:n mmr? w n *t3F m t m imsî ^ m i t m c i m t tit? S m f i i t f ?fwrfi? ( f i e n i % r fiitite? c i f ?

" H T I Jl - " i' Lii-i = f w m t f m m f - n ifivs vs f f i s f ? m?isHc) ' I t f i f ' f - w t i i vflt?iei m*|fii ? i c n
t m if^ftn iftun ifim m mr-mt? i < ' ' n n ifer f f i - l f t , i m c?lltm (Pa3Tnaster-General), i m
iftm im, fiftm:i? m f i fsir", tm "mtftwvs m^gmi c i m f i m i I I I ' T (Quartermaster-General)-?
im" nt "b^fiii ^ê fifi^^mn mm m t " m t mr i t f i f t i f i i f n f m f i Tmm^ m f i m vs i m f i ? f t m
(f. mi-mf, mmft, ii, iis.) i rni-^mim (mfii, % n ^ n t f i^mei? (fVIuster-lVIaster) i t f i ^ m ^ i t n
bib; mmm I t . i o s i ; f. tiimfi'i-mfi, m i mfw'i- i f i e n I fiitme? i n f i e i vs t m u*f^ f ^ i e n n e ?

mmii, i i , v ^ ) mfi'-n i j i-fm Sni m m i c i , mi- m f n i l i m m 'itf?i-n i i iifim? ^ mi
Tfi
mfvsmw-n ifîct tm'mfi-gR-iri i<f^ f%fi mmcimi I f f < f n n t n n c ? m ^civs l e i f ^ m % f itc?

nit fw^mmci? fitffi ifimen n t f i m imt mm c m i f m i i f n , c m S f ? n 1 vîtmn S f ? n ire?
(vsm m- *i-mm m ) i fisf t i t f ^ ci, ifimti c u a t 'ii^j^fivsfci t?f'i-fmi (g. t n ' i - f m ) m i -
' I t f
Hrmiim ifim i t f l f t m f ^ c i ffiis ci^sm itm irci nt f i m f - ? i t n i t c n c n m e i t i m H m e n i m f l c n n t

ti'imHf f s t r n i f m ^ i v i i t i c i i i f mri ifimci I v^ttwu 1 1 1 ^ I t i m vs i R l i f s m t n uHg (g.)~fim
i&fitfii
fmmm tirn'mm>flt fSFim n r i i ifim mfi n i îm t n i f f vs.iiffg t n " S ^ ^ ^ n 'itfif ' i - w i ? i
I t f i i
tif'm S f m rni-fif'smff(fvs-mi, 'j. -^î) m tif'm? ftitc? I t H f i t n i c n n t i H i t e i n c ? "mimf ^

fif^
R-iti miifti Sewi icn n tir ffif^b ci, ffi cwm im i f f ^ ~ S? i t i e i ? S f ? ftfte? m f i f i t m e n 1
s l u t Sell icn, cieif ffi t m i f t mi f^mi mijft i f i i i i ftfte? m c 5 ? n f m t i t e ? c m m f i f i f i i i i
cmi ien I nit i m e i e n miî s t i e i Htfi 'mm m m i f i m m?itH fiissttem s r t i - t m f f i ^ e i f i t m e i 1
m fl M3m ( - i T i ) mfmlii iît fiemrnift? i i sien f? c m itmewj t n t f ' l f f ? 1 - n i f l t i f Logothetes tou
Hni c n ifie fim m-tmftv3 mt i^r m m ien Stratiotikou fiti i i m t f ? itgtewj
iffi ^ 1 i t i f i i
(ii, vovovo, itf^ i i - ^ ) I mm tSi, itift ( g . ) imei

m f t f m f i c m m g H m e n i f u n srmi fmt m ,
mi-wiftw m mm (mm, v o i , i^s) c i , fH "tif'm ifi^s fSFJjctjfefi f i m r if?ei ci, i g f t i e n i f e i vîtii
i1i^ ( I t f f e n ) i f (fim') im n t f i e n w im"-n n H f i m i i t m m ( f . L Iran sous les Sassanides^,
stm?r f i c n ii iit Sf%5jt fif%iei m nft m n t e n îv5-i8) I f f t n f vg m i f f Sen i f i e n ?*Hf ^te i t n t
i < v s stiir i e i mu ^ fwwtmm imH f i i e n lesrt Hf%tei n H m i f f ? 'im i m f f i m f i n i it sff 1
wf lei, n t t i t CI cm mtm m f ^ f f F r a iten mifvs vimgitc? f n t ^ itîf^'ifsm (if?ew) im Iff

((?v5i-HS))
i i t i IC? ( I i m mmt Seteij nteici i t i i i i ifimfli I t f ? i f n i e n m ^te mm-ci fnti*5j-fiTfm fioten

n w i ifei ijt I f i m fiewen mHiii stmi civsm ; f. i m ftme? H f ^ i e n 1 t n n e n i m i i f m H i Siiei=
H. Laoust, Schismes, 45) i mf mnjei if memHt i f i i i i i n f ? wm i t i - f i f i n s f t n i m mH
nft Sfê tif'm n t m:f urns (mi-fmnti, itfii, i g f s e i n t S i f f Itfic^ i f H i i t e ? t f t i f i e n ifiei?
f vbi-b; mem I t . , i o 8 i ) mif >iit neniatmen meitn ? i , n ^ - r n n f , i i - ? i , ??fH, ? n , m i , i a , f i r a i m
m IC? I citeif tif'm i i f t itHfen m i f f n i m titH lijtfie i f ^ itfiei n t f f m wrr-cmfw
l f l 'ms?^fte? mmn im i i c i i f i ^ i ^ F i i ' e i n H f i H f ? tm iftmsir
vs n t f t H S f s wit
itfi
iTt im w.'^k f i m cwm m;f 11 mif ititei 1

irH I Noldeke- >flt ?*fmei S i f i i i i f i i , fimiemiT m
i f i f 8 s r m SHfi itmei 1 ?fim f?c?nf ?>cn; H f f f i i^t ?irite?m m t i c m i m i
Ch. Pellat (E.I.^) f U m t t f l tnti f i e n i - i t f f ff^f?ffe?t ?Hmitc i r H ci, m - t n t f
it?em t m n i m i ^ n w m c m ifliH ? i i i i t f STBH
^*lf^'^li c_î J . - . M,i) s *mfT t i t timen nteii,
I i n ism, fi51i"i im n t i f i i i i im f U t c m i ^ n 1
f n (fmvsmff, ; mrmf, i i ,
l8-(? = Noldeke,
S.vbvo-<j-
CI m i f ? iit
^1? 11 mfrn^ 13 I t c i ffi'mfii ( m n Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der
fiiem
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Contents
t#'TO
Sassaniden, A81-S9 ; ^ . (RATtt ^Wtlf'^-^t'SStfl^, 1 8 ; CtRl? ? T t ^ t t ^ ? t ^TOt^ t A I C e|fCtTfC4

tAtt m < t s R ACT,-sjtlf w s l t t w g < # 5 l sttfH ^jratfts (14f& ? t c k ^SCS? S t C ? ? f w <iI4ft At^-ftfA CtmC4? ft?
wt^f^tfs?n?-'ira "wtfw RtiM 4tw <i=Qi-i) 1 f t t t tAt? tft-*Jt4C4 TO t R t t C ^ mx (5ttCA tAt?
w f'^lRsl (?t)-? w t s n r o . f ' S T t i f f - t f t M t wi?t W t C 4 ? C t ? t t t ?TO?W t a ? R W C t ? t ^ S t t f ? 4t?C
f f ' S T T t f R - ^ ^ ^ê R"?pflM Attr 'll<Mlfl feim f C t ^ ( T O W t ? t ^ t t f t t c ? W^tCAtAt'lA^ Atft A t t t
t f t f t AtAt t?fSfttR-'il R ^ CRTOtf ? t R ? T t (5-) 4 R ? 'S
fbsTrtft'R-wmt s T o m f f t r f t t : ^ t R ' ^ A ? ( T O f R ^ WttCAtft f t t J t C R ? a f f M c t ? i^ltsft ftftt W^ Attt
ttte f t r aCT,'wmt-TO 41?, TOt l i i ^ tft? %5l?) 1 (CJ4 A t f ^ f4rtt WfttC? WtR-t'tf^ ft??t-
fttlCT 5flWl .iRjft ASTOITOft^,t ^ f t s Wftft?? w f - ' W t C T t t , ?fAC ( W t l t t t ) # t (=Wtt?TTf, S<5R), ;l?sft t' ( =
ftCTt? c t t ?Rt" W f t ^ 'WtSt'f-'tt^lftA f?tt?I mx. C4H t t t f t ^ tt'S?t>if>l-, R T O f ) , W t ? t m^ RtR, (f5J, t ? f S ) f s ^ f??t
4 f ? T ftctft ^ Rt, 'J. Sourdel, Le vizirat Abbaside, tAt? ^ g T O I ? ft{? 4f?C? I 'Wt?Tt-(iI? >it t?tc?? ? t ? 4 R t C t ?
A t , 'iiAA-O I W ^ t t C ? 'TOC? CtttR RtHlCWI % - ' W t ? f f HjtTO t? CTR f ? t t ? I ? A l M R l R f t 4 A t t i c ? ? ( f J t f " R - W l t t ) tlfsC^
tgt!^ ft4^ WtCTOT tSItft C t t ?5TO ttfk^ ftf35 ?5ftsr) I f t f i F ftcÎ? lAf?t W t t l t s t Wtftc? (iI??1???t-?tAC ftMw
f ' S l t t ^ f - W t t t - T O t?tfg t t f t ^ l t t ? t t r o tC?J ^mf^ ftR f ? A ? C t ? Rft f t R l t A t C t f f T O W A T t T O t C t ? t l f t f ? 4 W???
j^tTtct? ftT[%4?t tft?t^M?t's tttrtcR? -p; t A f ^ , t f l R t 4f?C?, tAte tArst W ? f w t ? 2te?t?tfl 'S Atft
tAlCtS W ^ ' S TORR53CAS wft Rttft^ TO?t? C^jfe^lll ?ft ATf^ttC?5 (ftlRlT', fTOtt') W t f t T O ?5f?CTO?t^5ttAt ftC
?ttT CTOR fttft t f t r t R Rt?tCtt ftft TO 1 CtATtCR R W Atc? I t # t ? f5f%4?tRA f ? ? ? t - A f A s f t SflCAA ft4
TOMI? |CAt4llt W t ? t fitft^tft R r % ? StC?t W t A t Wt^t^

C5f? Ct^Rt A STO?R f & ? t t W S t ? fSlAtft'^ ÎFtTO ftt?
Atc 1R C?tt TORt? Rt R A l t A t C ^ tTtft 2tftc?t? TOt? ff%C .l4ft f ? WfSFCt? f ? ? ? t - ? f t ?SC?? I WtftTit
TOT ^ t C t ? t t f t f t ^ W??? RlS*?-ftwtR)-iiT? ? t ^ f t ? ^ t t C 4 R t S t S>o f ^ C??4tC61? ( ? t W t ) W?T tf^SFI? R t f ^ t
Wt Wt?t R t t ?t ft^ ( f t t t ) tTtft? ft??t R?C^ ftftr?^ CtttAflft' ('WT^^ta^'^-ttRRT) t i ? ?5?T A t I R i f t ' f f - ' S f o t
TOt stCttW? ^ 1 ( i t t t t W?T1? 4TAf?ft AtAt attfts A t t t t t t t t t C t ? f f t t wf^lRTS?s, ftift ? t ? Rtet tf?1w, TAt3
t
ft'STO 44 WCtttT ? T % C t ? C?? afttCt? Wtt5,?tftRTO?. W f c ? 'fST'SRt^fR ' '2ttTttC4 ?5?t ^ TO? TOttt
ttCA t S F '8<35?tt f c ? fc?'2t?TtCR 2tC?tTO,tAtAQ Wtt??n ^te f?iS t ? t 4 'S t f ^ t t ? R T t t ^ ? I ^ S t ? t l t R 4 ' S ^ l f

ft?I I f s ? t ? t A ) t - ^ N R ^CT,f ttstt ftRtf'R' -ttft', ftR#8?r?lA ^^mfRC f f ? A t e f SAtet?C4 A T A A T S ?5?T A t ; TAtet?e4
'S R f S A t l f ? ATt? CRt4tt tat RRt^^TOt s t t t f - Q f t ? ' C R T O ^t-tJht' ('WPT4t?^'R-f5tf5rt) ?fRt wfft ?5?T At
-Q^C^ S t ? cwt? ftttC^, 's. W. Hoenerbach, Zur TO? TAlet? C??4tR f ^ i A o f t ? I ' f ^ ' ?fR?t Rcofb
Heeresverwaltung der 'Abbasiden s Diwan algais, ct?tt5tc4 stett'sfRe 4? wttTcs RTAIAT ? ^ t t ^ t s t ct'sit
in Isl., xxix (iS>8S>-(2-o ^bh- t . , b^ttttR ttCR^t ^ A t TO?tAtet?C4 CttvSt C T O A t T O 'S WIHC=1^ 4tew R t T O
t f t ? f ? W t ^ f t R t T O t C?C?? ftRt? S t R C t ^ W f f t A t w t ? t ? t t t t t , 'SAiff 's f 4 t - ? f f t t wf?Rt?e4? w f t e ?
At t t ? ft'SAtCt? Wtfft TOî St^ft TOt At 1 ?T^ 4 ? t A t (f^RtT, SRtAf', R t t . 'WTAf'^-RraT5 WTATO
tARtf'R-Rtft', wtM-^'tftA-'il? t t R A l t t r o l i l f f t ftRlttt ^TOtW, 41Ae?T iS>(2-b- 't., i l - i S 9 , W f . H. Busse Das

ttCWrS? ( R T O I 1ftt, 5At??tt Ab-o/At^-iilfafR b-SsO) fwtf? Hofbudget des Chalifen al-Mu'l^did billah, Ais>-
t ? C t ? t RillCAHTO?(itt ?'ftt? R t ? ftft ^ ttRC4? W f c ? Ab-S>/b-S>A-S>oA, in Isl., xliii ( i S > > i i l % ) , i l A o ,
'Wl?t lt^Rt?1???ttt?tCl? I W t ^ - t ' ^ t f t t R t t CR?HlftfC4 Hoenerbach, f . t t - ) 1 WtM-f'tftR' ? t w ^ WR?t?Rtt?4
tAt? t l C t ?jf%ttc? ?ttRtct? fg? c ^ T O l t c ? (Lesser 4 T O TOtrc? ftetttc^ W t t t t f | c ^TO?f t T c ? ? R r f ^ s t
Square) RRC? ?sf?CRTO?AtRtft affRtcP?? tlTRlft Atc WT3IAR', AtAt ?IWSftRtet? W ? t f ? e t t f i R lil??TOR t e ? tAf?
? f f t t t A t WACR1?s? <t>Rc? I tAt? 1?A RlRc WtTO t A t 5 f ? _ R l [ C t ttf4 1 t A t t r f t ftft s i f t RtCR tt^M-'WTtl-C
.?it?C? R f & A t t A t T O t C?? Rtet? ATAtf Aftt:? ( f ^ ' R - W ? f ^ R 4 R Wt^lAR, ?1W2||RlR R??t5| w5lfR4tsft ?>t?tI?lsfRA
'Wt!') I CR?t?JR^tt ^ tArCt? - Q R t t t t (5.) W t A t t l t R 4 t t R ftJt TOtR^CA? "WtAt tfAFlR?! ^4f?e?TO?(ilt^te? f t t f t
ftRTtt C ^ f t ^ W ? ^ tft^Pt? Rt!:t t T O T O ttff I WSt? ^TO 'S AfftAt? sf^fR TO AWIA ? l t l f?f% 4 ? t ^
^ A S t f ? t f R 2 f f ^TO?RC5f RC5f 2tCr4 (Rttft4'|'TO4t (f%TlR, f . aj., A A - , w g . Busse, A8-(2-; WlA'S Cff|? t t t A R ) 1
tAt? W f ? ^ A l f ^ t C t ? TO 'S tAtCt? tttT C?C?? tfR?t? f t ? / ? ? R t t f t ? C t t t t t Ate fîRttte? sms

1?lft ft??t-?ft C t t ?5f?C? I S f t ? % ? f A ' 5 ^ t f t "^ttTO eiCtt'sfRCCTR R ?lw??et? S t t ? AS TAt?t R t T O t lAfet?
t ? ? 'SttA? arc14 ? j ( ^ C 4 {t4tC? tf4C? TO? ftfWtf (tlRf?4 R ? " ^ f t ?ltTO-tg? ' ^ n ^ ^ t e t ? w f 4 ? e t t ^ 4 ^ 1
t t R t f f?tC4l?
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Contents
8^0 t*ll'?l'1'
fsm VQ l>iR?ii<i i t f f m i m itftn fiti'51i? iff-i) I ' I f f f'g-mm mei ittnei cmn i m ^^mfl
fitf"i-wraid <pii<p'Mfjf iT*ftn faitf"i-wni 'sit'f- ifim Sewi 'itHf-n fimei ifi ittiti ifn ciitf
iMfi-n 1iH fwmi? nit iwrt l i i i t iHt i m m 1 fiemt im n n t liitmci iit cntmfifei it mtt n
l i s r i t s f i Hi cimtHfi HnnH itii^t nt tim' ( i t i ( I f m^ltf, in Eclipse of the EAbbasid Caliphate,
ffi)-m5f n t ^ vs i C T t i itapt iift![ % t i i ' i - m i nt
1 iii, 43, tr. vU 40), ' i t ^ - mm vs fl fg lUfSlt-lt^m
tm mtft fiHfi-n itiif < ? H H t l t % 'mn mfsfi 1 ifteti itimiei i n fntiftt titen imti f i ftei
im^ im I >it ifitis% tmicn i t i t f i i i i i t#fgT ^s n ^ n Itfif 'nH itntfen wm ntitiH
itnsfii I t t f S f ^ f i Hftm im it nt c n t i f n t m H f f , f f vg itnen wm nt tite cimmiifi icm wtHi
i f t i t f ^ limHit m m i t i f i i limHitn nft imtii fiei ifjj'ii n mit m m f i i m ^ n ifim iitfi
mci mft im it (f ^ '1-m'it, 0% 8>>\-o) 1 n I cieif fvsmifien lem itfmf m f f lem fmswt
itim cici i t i f i i fimcn imen iift 'mfmr itmi imi fiei fien cîfi fli, fsmift ltnu:fi fieiif fn
'mmtften i^H mmit tiff 'itft? f ntH'i-wtii m m cnficn fi "ê iifim ieiiitftei mHi ifim cmt
ifiift n Ifimff mn, m'f^ "mn tn iT?f? n H
1
ntciiftiitiiltfienîicififiFimim'itff i #
?nti fit f i i f i itgtewji 2tfit ien, mm 'limiitfim it, n tmofiên nfn tpsiff^ m it int iît
^c titen fitm i % tif fli nt iliitf cntmfifei mifisfici 111 trm tfieitmiiei tiimn im ^ ; fif
fiift vs cmn snten wm H i t s t f t ^ c i t n H fsmt^-'mrnf irfiei i i i t t imfl iffl iift ^te mi tfimim
tfm Sei I c i i i i K ^tiei^ ^ tsiffl' fcn iei 'mfmit 1151 itc it I fsmifien vs imtm i t n iten miei
m ' % - t i i i i f i f ^ i m 3 H 3 i ' m i i iîtisH ifimim
m itm fin lei ci, m 'itn ifiten f H iiii
(itirc vs fi5r?f v
si^ttUvsH fiift^ m it int
i f i e i I tn ttHm vît mn ne^ t i t i fi' tsif i i '
I t f i i
iie^ i^fit ien, i t i cmm 'mn fimei 'mfien ifct m mfi im it) tniien icm Hem wftttm cmei i
mfii n n t cit m nti n t ^ cmn iiten <ie< t i t i fsmif 'itif 'vmHf-n i t f i f iiei ff finfi wm
VQ
i t i t f i i i i i , igfH vs mn iftm im n nt i i m i f i i i i e i
g., Bosworth, Military organisation under the
liit ittfei Sid if^H fnt^ m^Hfami-n mien i t i t f i Buyids of Persia and Iraq, in Oriens, xviii-xix
mif-n i f t fim ien [ citi, Bosworth, The
1
(1965-6), 143-67, esp. 162 ff. S IJrS hs. Busse,
armies of the Saffarids, in BSOAS, xxxi (iJsxbbr
Chalif und Grosskonlg, die Buyiden im Iraq (945
ff8V-eil I
1055), tn iJiXbfe f, v O i 8 - i f f , v 0 8 o - i I
St^-ifmtm fmti-n ititfiten itifii fimen
tmei mntf f v s u i f t e n i f i t i im
VQ
if%i itiiT
itfitHi iii itif imf fl n t wtm m, ifms itfi t n
f i n s f i i lem ci|iif?i ivt-if ^ cnt<t(tf ? itmen ticBi
itfitg (si'/ioi imfl stiimei)-n miei liiiH fvQitf
wm ifmnei ims liiitm (tim' 5.) ifimt icit fH ItH Hf-^m' Itfi ifiien ifiifn fttm-c ififi
it-^smi finH ii^fi itm Sei liit met " f s i t i f

1
fli, f. Iffmf, The history of Bukhara, if. Frye,
fmf'i-wtii"-n m < c i w iHH ifiHi vs itfii Si fvb va tfvsmRjif nit fien " f i 3 if fint iH" (iff-wtfm
cmat mgitit 11 l e i nt tit n t ^ if l e i ci, iir mf-itm') mei Sent ifimen mife tmten m
m t f fimt'sfiei ttett ifim cmei (g. cahen, L' im 1 1 fifini (ititfi *f-'Sfi, <tb, bs ; cmft
iffi
Evolution de I'iqta' du ix^ au xiil^ siecle, tn Annales iii) I tif ^te i f m i n ci, ititfi mfii mftfi
s econmies, societes, civilisations, (rt., icsffvo wm I t n ifiTi f l m fimm fn (lift iiei g.,
ob-'i) 1 ftf^'f-m'sit mtitei ttt^ lfl f l n t n nt Bosworth, An eilleged embassy from the Emperor
itrnfiuf nwti mftci n H f n i t i t i f i i t t i e n , itite of China to the Amir Nasr b. Ahmad " a
citem ctm wm (cttem ctm itit "mn - n n H i t i contribution to Samanid military history, in Yad-
ftitei i t j f tn tfit#mi, mf t-t titfifm, name-yl Minorsky, Cfm iSixbJi) il-f!) i mt
if. B r o w n e ^ 8 i s , liittnffffb-/ii'Ji t e i ifîtifi i f f mtfi itn uift tften S^sitfimf itntficn iii^
ttf Ifmi f f t i f f j i f i i fif iei itf-c nti cn itii^f nt cicit^lcn ipfjj^nife fif^tei itewii
'itn-'ii niitmit Citem ctm citti) n t f m cimitfif f ^ im'Hmen icm %8m-t "iti n H fni
tfiiien wm ifliH w n m S^fa; fti mtt m ( t f f , itntit 'itfif-iiii icm icm itnfi
i t f i i i t i f i i
H f v s m l - f H T t ^ t , i m t . v a i g . MargoUouth, The table- mmfii Run i tn nt

^ fimfef
eie^ f i i cn?
talk of a Mesopotamian judge, f f t t i H o - i , i f iiH lifm itt I itifi îiei itmmi'mtn n i

tntf fiiem
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Contents
t*ll'<11
wHifff, ittmf Imm, U t r f n uRf ^t^m ' i t ? p f i?t i t I ffi-15 "itm *^^^m ifiiin? n ? 'ilHi-ci
>=i#\s it n i ntiff uHt u mCT,8 i 8 / i o ; i . v s im? i i i f n t ciîr ^ c n ffi i t i ^ i^rfi i i i n ?
'ituf-*^ (ts,ooo ittmf tiHi vs i , v s o o i f f ; s t ? ifiiii u t i i r a cwtg I t i c n , nt fH t m i i c i iff?ctfii vs mt^f?
n 1 1 ^ ??mififW'ffimiflii<tf w t f t i t t ' i l i l i f l t c ? i f 2 p f f i c n I t m I C I Timr f ? ^ vg ^^f^ a m i n Sf^
tlUCfr? in I t u t H f t l U i l a l l i e nCT1i t t * n t ni'iin i ^ i m c i n i t ^ r cimifif?i?Riiciinci?
i^[ini ciCT itit ^^jirni i f i i m s w t i w i i f < cmm Siff ifci Sif^ if?ci n t t u c n t m i m i i t i t iHci i
m n ifurfi m tt i i w i v s f i ? : i i f t n i t i i t f f i3pQ5n? ? n i m t I f f i n t ' i t H i - c i n i i n i f i c i ?
c n t i f t f i W I T fni ' i t f i g i i f i f ^ i i f i c ^ i n t >iit H?f5 i i m lfl iHnn c i i if?c i t nt i f i ittmf
i i w f i i ciHKlfif? f t % iiCTiî i f i t i i f l i t n i f i m t m i i , ifltn? i m ^ i?r it?r f i m c i , rm f i m fi?t
n t i T c i f i i mtff c i t i f i t m i s f itc t i f m c i i iimli' i f t n t f t m i r n i H fifiit m iir i t c i
i i t i i f i c n I 1^ m n i t n r f f i c c m i^H f l i , ' s ^ i i fim i t n n t c i m t f t f ? if# i m r if?f^
i t f i i - n i c i n n c i t cntiHi iirm? n w i mr, mit I t ifin I 'itm'^-'^Ru-n vît f?ni itc 'itn
'im ?r t?tf f i f ^ ^ ^ c i f i f i 'eiuici? c i m m r i ^ ifincn 1^ ?5f f< vg ?j?ftf?i ^ i i f i it
n I ifcmm n i T g m v s t c i n i i t i f i i c^caj? H'*it n f i i m I i n tu f u t f i i t f i i m t f t u t f f i i i c n f c U i
?r^f? firmfp i vît m\c4 g. i . i t f w i . The life and i f e t fi umt firwut iiw-n^, u n titfi?
times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna, c i l ^ W u i f t if?ci I c m t i t i c i ? w u im l i ? f % u : n i f i ^
f., i . ; Bosworth, Ghaznavid military c u m c u s u t i c i t f<C?fb i t I f ^ f ? f 1 ? t f l f ? S i * i |
organisation, in Isl., xxxvi ( i < > o '^.), v i . vg i cntif ?icm3j tiunci ifii fin i u c ? i vs cgfifi ifim
c m . The Ghaznavids their empire in Afghanistan w u ' i t u r I f i m i t c n i ^setiis[f ifiitn fficmm
and Eastern Iran J>J>8-io8o ft., i.i ircw i t i t t c il(?c't I
c m s t c i ' i t f T i-i^'H i f i b i f i i t c i c i t i m r n f t iUimiff U f ^ i t n i f n fvsufi-wmi m t
f i c n 5 i t i m f i n i ' i f v s i t m i < s i / 3 n m t i i i t f ? ff? f vsm-t I t u r f t f vsm-t i f u iiu n r - f n t c n i t i f n
i f m i t i ^ - t fitfim? f?tm i t f i i ? f 5 fiim l i t i t nt f s m f u m t c n i m ? i t tu m t e n c m K f
vs imfii i f i f n t f i m^ f i m t , itm'f-fff n t f i m I t f t f l l , cifi m f n f ? m itft^s f ^ i f ? t ^ i
tit'-? ^m I U n t ( i t s f t u f i i t c i f i n W i u i
fimtf " i - m f i m t mtf'i - m? 'sit'i-itwr'ir (bab
u H i i l f - n f g i i # I t H f i - w t i i m t Itft 1-t % s m - t
18 of the more complete India Office Ms 647,
' i f n miH?stc?t n w i n u i H i i ^ f f l c n , f i ? m n
bab 12 of the B. M. Ms Rieu, ii 487-8=267-8 of
i m i m f f i f f ? S^ i 1 l f f u ^ ^ t c 1 (Lambton, in
the printed text by A. S. Khwansari, cfm Cambridge history of Iran,ffi,^vsvs, ;^ffS>-'bo) i ci|f?
iv58v!j/i<>'!3i) I ifit fi??ci if?mtc? i c # i i i ff% ?%m, imf?i 1 1 ? vs i t n f i i i i ? v s m f i r f m iim fn i
iiritim%f i ^ i r c n , tttc t n t f w i c ? ^jfsnff? uqt c i c u ^ l i f t ? u t i t n U v s u f n ^ i t f w t U f " f - f i - n
it?ilff, ^ i f itmti'Qfi? n t m S ^ f?c? i g f islT f i U f f - f j j f ? iff m t c i ? i l f - n Stmi u f f f - f ^
m cntwicn i f t i ' i t ? i ittriitft citc? f i i t i i t v g ^ < ^ itif% iat I t m , n t u t f m - U U t f n t
iHitfli rm i f m ift?tci i i t t ? - t firfin-n f i n i u i t ' t f f - i r u t i - n f f f ? tci i u s - i i i w i 'itfii-n
i f i t c i ' i t f u i f i m cimtftf? i ? t i i i w i f i t t f i f i f c n u m f i m f ^tc m u n < 3 U u t c i t n i t i t c
irm S n itifii i t f i f ? if^ûsr vs H ^ i f i t ^^fi, ' i t ? i u i e i f n t U a u f n i i r f i t m ? umi'^fcij? ifm
Siic^ tm mtff vs i T # f i c i i m ftim i c ^ i t c i i f t i i c i I v t m f i f a p uf^ci 'itHf m Wft-t uuHi
n t fmt fifit f i n i r n r n i i f i c i n t c n t i c i ? m ifiu ?<fif I U i t ? i c i I tm f i c n i t f i ^ fn s iH
ti, i ? i t i vs 1 ^ 1 t i , isittc? iHiii i % i i i i c i ^ n t m i c n ifii c u n itii i m um f ' Q U n t f i f ?
itw-n^ti vs i f t f i ? i u ? i fiffmi ' i m ifitioHf
^ iiittmti ififc l i t ^ tf? i f i f ^ iirciffr tm
ifi111 I U [H. Horst, Die Staatsverwaltung der
n . I f - i a i f ^ iitc?tf turn, f i i f i c ? i f ^ iitfi
Grosselguqen und Horazmsahs ( i o v s i r - i ^ v s s f t . ) ,
I f t f itmiitf i i l f i I t f t f m c i i i m r z F c i i f i i i i
Wiesbaden iS.'bS f , v s i > - 8 i , i o V i o ] i i m l#1lfi
i?r it n t i r f ? - c i m t m i c n rfiir i m ?mt tt
l i t n i m i ^ f f e v s ^ c m c m imfii ifnrcn
itirc ffi fc^ f i n i r n f n i t f t f ? i m i iHi?mt if?c
i N i N
fntitn ( T ^ t ^ ^ i , i f f i i t ? n m - n imfcffiu iHun?

itfic? 1 t m t ? i i ^ i t : i ? n i c i i i n ^ i i?r ^t n t i r n itmci i f U n Mantzikert fifw i:t?tf|l) I f?sf t f t
Iflt
itimi i i t c i t f t t i f i i c i tm ^ n f isîf? i f n "I

ic^va i = ^ t U t ncmn? m i v s ' i t u i f f , c m
"vim
t n t f Hmn
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Contents
m lfl i t f f w 8
Itfii 1 K 1 "nft
<i/iovs i#tm ^5Im" f i t u f i - ^ vg itt-nf'i-'mttfi? nt tm i t U U f f
t? t m r i i?'ti i f i n mtif t i t i mT cfi{
looo iim itu fllliiiH f i l m wu nt uiUt fifim
(Teklsh)-n ift 15 t^m-*^ c i f f i t i i n n t (?mt^ wu I fH I t i f i i #(en i t f i f m t ^ iHei I fUtfH
U f ^ lfl(.MCi f i e g t m i t e w i m m i m (Bosworth, in f l c n f i f S t mfii ffiiim (ProvOst-Marshal)-n
Cambridge histoiy of Iran,ffi,Sio) i i i f u iffit citiufumfntmiiciifitm nt
i f u s Hm i H ^ i - itgtwi 1 - f i i a itiT fiitfli, 1Tfi ifnien Se^tei fnt^ntew u o ^^m wu emu i m
ftff c n f u i t i u i t f t f i i i f m ^ c n lit i t f ^ ItiHi ific'! I liitwu fH tm mi i i u f fmt mtuH'i-
(ittli m p i m f i f f i i i i i n ^ fiitwiti f ^ n t mfeifiTii?r Hiitiici ituu cwm ufifici uittu fici nt u f i
i i - n m f f itiiîlen n t fif^ orttH ^ f f (f.) u ti fiten -ufmiici fiim m i mi'sfic
i t w i t f i l e n , UftiT fifiit ite m i t H m l i n i f1 ifiiten (f. M. Gaudefroy-Demombynes, La Syre
i t n i f i e i , titen f i i t iit i^fiT iftfi i i t l i i
a I'epoque des Mcimelouks d'apres les auteurs
%1ti1en mtei mtit c^ffie i t t ei, I t f i i i i i f i t f i - t arabes, Paris 1923, bdi, Uzuncarsili, Medhal,
H f i i - i i r a itifiit n v 3 i f < ^ ; t i m i ? i i e % i e ) i i ^ 283; nt Ayalon, in BSOAS, xvi (1954), 64 i j i i
f l l c i i t i e n tit'njm ^*ni i i t n t m m e i Smf U f t e w i ? iHfici? 1 1 i i t i f i i ^ i t i f i i i U
t m i i e m e i m t U i i (f. I. H . Uzuncarsili, Osmanli titm f n f i t n i m itiîen f i i t ^tc nHuei i
devleti teskilatina medhal, tm?1 i 5 8 i (., ^ffl) i Itn "3 ' I t f i i - -itiH umi U l f i t u, -Hf mfii
W t l t f i t v s i t f (f.
s>ob-/iffo^) [f.] i ^ f i f i I t n i u w n wu t s f l l U (Yoklama) U n liliH U f i I t f t n
Itit mit t m i i e n s i m f m f i n f ê cut m ci, uoili.fii n t n i i i f 11 îit n ifiu^ n t t m

m s - c i t f i f f f i e n l e u I i n - i t - f t i i H f u m ogi fnn fifin ifie? titu tîitu cwm uei ififs
i t n Sn m i i - n i f e i ifmitnt sfsfi f | i i i f e i flcn I iftiH fitnti.-n m ii itftiuH fip5m
>iit
Sn m t m tp! i t u T - n iii -giii i t f i i ^ ii?tfieiifii 1 ^ It iflufli I mfii ufmsHsi ufUi^fi itifife

(Persepolis-Istakbr-n fii5 i t n - t itfi-'ê Snffi t3iitu-i U f 1 ' finf fftuei i. cm c i f f H n i - n
n H "itfT i f i t i m e i f i n i iftUci n t m^tiH ff?i'it-t cim^-iii cm uHum ititei ieffisH i t c
>iit
f i f i i stHit bPtylfli 1 - i t n - n i t e i f i i t m i t f t f i i l l tiun utfiu -Itfii ^ nt fitm tp u m ciuuHf?

io,ooo t m f f c i m t f t f i t i H t i muf f^tifi fiutei fifn itici i i i m i i e w i mitl mtn iU i t I nteici
m ite<, i f i ^ l itet' cicg i f i i i i m i t m w u U f i i n i uti ifiitf tmien mft " i t f t Hen iH u tfiit-iH,
t s f i t U C1ieUlH (Yoklama defterlerl)-c fifili
u w i f i u m n u l l tHiti f i f t e i f i e n t t U i ic? f l c n i u i t nt i8n liitsfici f i m u i m cntif? u
t^?lf 1 - n uut i U i m i i m s f i i ixiit t m ie? nl'i iU i t I tiun ^ c U f ifffiel? Hit? fiitem
itfiFHife? u < l i i t i f i i m nft cift n (ciiîii), %wtu wu t3iitu n H iHen tjuf f f ift fli i m i iii/cufi
u H f , f m t w itu Ifi ntitiii,.iii M3 f ^ i f i iff? n i t c îni? i H i f u ^ i t t c i tiun i t c
(Minorsky, A civil and military review in Fars in ififfH 'ii?5H ^minii nut itu, -it!?-1 t ^ f i i i i
881/1476, in BSOS), (1940-2), 141-78; igitncw wtHf itniumH i i ? t ffiu*fi ti? Hfiifi
Uzuncarsih, op. cit. 304-i:î i t f I >i>\ro/))(t<M-'i) ftei liiiH ifun u m itftei ^?[?u-?
I t f U i (Sandjak)-iil? itf? H?J5 CiH CwHilH 1ite?tft
f i n v3 fifim i t i f f i e n t i u u f t f i u n s e n f B m f i
itftf? Se<*iei Hfi "itft i f e i uitu t n itm Siff
m f i s H ijtfiie?t i t u i f finfe -m it f i u e i i ufin u iiici? wu n n r m m iiH? (nm'-ttt?H
iftici v \ 5 V i 8 ^ b - - S ) I t e i mr-mtm u n u i i n t i f 3
i t f i i t n ^ i - n fiuef; i f u m i f H i n iflcsflen n t i t ? ) n H cm? ft^lf|=1 I i n F^'f f m i o 8 8 / i v ! } 8 - f f
u n t (5.) i f i t i H itff m t e i (mi-U^'f- itei t?ti ifum ifH i f i um, n igiflH? ift
itl%î -^fim? ? ciittu,m H i m i t ^ tiHi ^3
i u m i ^ i
itftf) i # l i liin f i u n , ^
fif? ? f tmilcivs ititci lie? i t m wu fieii
i w f m M 3
f ? 1 t ^ i i t i f f l ^ i t m i t f i ? l t c n ( D . Ayalon, Studies
n^su n ; cwfiuHien u^cnî fi-iiueifim fitt^
on the structure of the Mamluk army, 11, In
m n m n n t ifmtiim tfien i f i f ciuiei
B S O A S , XV (1953), 455, mfii W s m m t l H i i m l^lff tium wuf?m?5Un (Texts in Uzuncarsili,
f l c m t f w i i - w t i i , f i f C I i i f i v o i ? itw Hi mttci m i m Osmanli Devleti teskllatindan kapukulu
" i t f i i - n 1 i i c n i miti i U , H H flcn uf<['i-^s(f^ ocaklari, m s H U i S ) 8 - 8 ( . , ii, obv, ^ 1 , ^ 8 8 ) i U f i
U e i ifif& n mfii i n f ( m i t u i i f e v s n u ^ i , t u i m ?su U t e u n n , itun? 1 p q H c i ? i
mcm fitnfi--w.fi, utfu'i--^fi, - m f i f i f i t i f m s f i ? m i u n m mH i m i i m f i
tntf fimn
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Contents
ttft'TO ttft'TO
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'iltt Mtt: tAAlWttt, tlAtC4 lATOtSR' tM(t lilRt^t ARt t f t ? ^ ?Rt A t fSA^-^ WTttfJJ I WtRtAC?5 R t T O t A t t f ?
A tTO?ATR A tCT,t A t W 'WtAt StRCt^ t t C A ^ t R t 3 WW? t5tbtf?tt, RtC?TttA (5.) RTt-fbf%4?t 4 M , lilt
M t C T TOAICT? t M ? t H f 4?t AA I R t P I ^ M C T t t t t t % 15f^4?t ? t ? s f t t f f ^ RtfQ?T 1R f t A t , ( R t t ff%4?t
?raRi-t 'wt?R (Rt'STfi^-iAf 'ctt^') wt?t ' W t M "R-Attrt

RTT ? t ^ ) RtC? tf?M M I CTOR (?,ooo fifi R?tTt?
Rtet Wt^M mm ^f^ôt ^gfStTRA f t l R - t 'WtAt-'iR StTO t^mm ct?fwtt Rtt-f5i%4?t sftt Atc wrosft t t t e ? i
A t M o RTO?" R t t T O - t ' w t f t - t '^plf" S t t f t t t f t ftAt? < i ! 4 l R t / R ^ t f # t ? c t t f^C4? S f t l R M f ? f t - t ^ WfRtC?
W W R ^ f s t f t f ^ ttf%CTO I RCA A A lilt R t ^ S t - ' W t f l t t C t ? TftR^'R-'Wt^lt^ ?tC5l wftM C t t t t l R J lift C a f f ^ fICST? ( B .
m^ M, C4tt RIRM wfroiet "gwt R t f t tttAt?
IVI. tTftf^'JsffSS, tt^Rftf^f|ft??tC???5?t),f4^tAtCt?C4
R T O R t t t M t t c t t W f t t t r t A wf%Atlt A'SAtTO?tAtA steAtWACAtrt t f A t ^ T R ? W?T 'TAlCt? W t R f C A ? RttM

f5?t<<3AtW CttttC ^ (CA WtTRT SR ^ C W i t tTOCT,
W W ^ C fSfStCtA W?t ftftc t t ^ I t t f i t A?-CtA
5;Mtt W t R t f " R - f t # g R ('bb-S.-S.(t)/iAS>o-'b) t t t W o t SroM^ttct? f?wA Rtt-M M) i >ifttcA t A t s r f t s r o A S
R t R TO? C t t R t t tft ' W t M ' -ft TOTM tct wftM CT, T f - f A t ? R t T O t s t t t f , f 5 ? t S t C W gRtPiCR? W ? t
fICR? (tt?Tf, t'f t - t # t A R t t f t , i i 8 , iib, ih<\, NSA'b, aJAt 4?TTO?tAtCt? W 3 t f t ? f?f^t, a5nfR?TOt 'Wt^-'il?
S<to) I Sg?ff? mi t A t t t f t t t f ? RRC?f??M ATAttC? s f f t f f f R
b-oo/i\SSb- RtCR? W T O M t ? ? f f RRC? ttM t?Co? A t TO? ftttt R A W l R f ^ C?C?? S f f f t Atc?? St? ft'^^fR
"WtAt RtC?s 2ft? f?5lt ^ tt? Rt, ? M tAt RTOT tfTOt

M I liftSiCt CTRl?Rt?tTI?-'it?C5Tr4W?C?5Wt?f?Wt?t?Tf^t
SffttTOAACT, (tt?T) RRtCAt t f C A ^ t ? fb)tbl^vs ?t?sfttf W f T O Ct^tt At (tft' Wtirs Ctf?) tAtCt?C?5 ?RC?
f t R t t ?s'o'4 f T O ?sM ftSSt^M A S R f t , ??? t ? f t ? mm tfc?R^t? W?T fWt'SATCW Atf?? Ate A t , WTTO
RTRf?fC SAt W ^ i t M I 4 M Wfc^, f t f t ? CtA t t A f ? AtAtet?e4 R t R Mm c?? c t ? t A t tAtct?e4 ??? w t ?
{'li8(t-(tî(t'S\T-S<t) <p\o?s?t ^ft'^fM it? ?T?ttC? f W t A T e W A t l t ? Ate ^ 1 R T t M
wf?tC?? R t t t f fARtCA tt??5tf f ? - t t t f At A t ' f f e ^ RgfB
4?T AA, ? ? R / t t 3 t t t l % RlR'SfSf-Co .|?sft f b s T O - t 'WtAt
?t i ^ T O C t t t t M f??5^ f c ^ M R?teR ???Ttet? f w i M
- t R t t t M s|fM M;TO?,R R t / t ^ R t trft? A t ^
tfR4f-f???f ctt ^ 1 ^ t ? - t f t t f ? ^ - ( i l ? 'wttt-
RtRt?tC ?ff?-t R t T O W t ? t R t ? 5 ? - ? f f ? RfCA wftM f - ^ T - ^ ' 4}e^ A M WT^H" * w t M - ( i i ? ?Tt? f f t t S f t ? R R S
WttRt At?t "WtM-lit? ^TA^Rtt R t i M At?T ttf?sc ttC? I t t ? T t R C 4 tAfe?? w?T s f f wftte?? f ^ f f w?^t?RteA
f t R t?C sffft? f c t ? ' W t M - ' ^ A M f t ? WC??f5ft
ti^ftc? I RgteS? W f t f ^ f t e t t ? t t ? ? t t f t ctRtAtflf?
f?-?ttf W t ? t R t t f S ' R - R T s t T M At?t R t t M A t ( A t t f , Wf??fS?s f?fi35 "^C?TO?W t ? t t ? We??s CTOt fft CRTOtfAf?
^fo ' ? R t 4 , Rf5A', CRt?,tR s t t t t M tTTttC? A T ? ^
t ^ AtC
m f ^ f t t t ?t?T t f t r o t t T 4fteR, TO? ft f ? A t ' f f .ii^w?
S f t t R ) 1 tAt? ^4tC?TOI^WR A t t f RtAttT 4f?CR TO? R t T O t w i f e ? ? w f e ? ct?l?l??5 f t t t c A s ttt?re? i W<j?
(ift A t t f ? R ? t t R t R / t i R t t t % Ctttt ^ C TOt/sflM
c?^W. Irvine, The army of the Indian Moghulss
t ^ o t f t ? ?î?T m -^trr fc? S f t I t A t Att ??c? ??c?
t t R t f tAte^t?
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Contents
tsjfwt' 8f8
its organization and administration, l ^ i&oo (cimtf imrtfienSni ' arg? S ^ ^ ?ii
{., ob-(ti), m ^ JARS (ibr&-i) f), aoh-a(t ; t n H ) 1
flH, The central structure of the Moghul empire, t m firm m-uH? (?) ite i f ^ m iCT,Uf^ptf
(u) gt tfffum I t i t mm
m ' i t tm n f i e n i
jfi^ 8 cuait ituci I ^\mm tncn Sn

stnittiTo iHu fit' f?ei I ?*Htmf ?cn, mt cum i f ?ifi
c m Hen mnr^li ut citi, Bosworth, atnf i n (u) tu fiei n t mte lie^ 'fisulf i f i uf?ei
Muster, Recruitment and review in mediaeval (m-ff, m it'ui'f'i'^-mfi, fut?'i'-i-iitt) t m i
Islamic armies, in War, technology and society wfum m - i t f i i - um, U f f ^ (u) tiffim itit
in the Middle East, London, Forthcoming. cie?iitf1l'uf?cig
C.E. Bosworth (E.I.^)/it. 1. U n S ' j " djiLl ^ 1 111" n - > J ^y^\J J J L J ^ J-oil p j l II
^>lf^*Ml4 (g. iîÎ'lQf 1)

"CI m i l ! fH ctm uuten Sn uH ?ii H nt
^5{f^^ypn' ( J a I) g ItfisitIiiHt,iiT^wu f wen Sn cim ni iuH H " (f. i.) i
fit' H t tuc gt mil inr wtititc
I utim H t tjfin'? mt. vsufw? ?Hu mi H T I ^ iei;
n I tffwtm uu stuH itfti fUft
I t u I t f i i f r ^ CT f ^ m i t tit mi? Iwu n t i cm i^su u H m
lii-tifnn' uutn iti ftuci CI, i f u t f i (u) fien cm fif^ citm iHm uu mfin ici i e? mti
ti(i<(>t'-i mt utm uliucn S^ i u u t i tltm i H fiif vs ntim um uifim? i tm wu gtH
p | O - tUiH ûciCT,
i i i mH U f f i t i (u), tu Hfit, ifffii u mfm u f f n unt fien cm if
fUncn utcncn HHcv (m fHi wu i i i^) w u f I C I fifimm? f f f f ? ici tiffutm mte?
I
fit' ufntcn I mus mus f ^ u m t ^ tufn cific cm imi ut I fnmen m m i i cm u?ut ufie
utu U f f ^ ( u ) ficwt fit* iHuen (m ^) i tits if^ lie? u CTU|f, irmt m ^ f n e n s t^fit"?
I vs Itme
mi, u u t u ( 1 ) fif^
f i n u^fpti wu fit' m i f l i s m miH ?ft?iei; f i f titc fim f m fit?f i t f 1 1
uHci, cm ^ 1 1 1 (m u ufm
'i"it^ m m fie?tf cm mw t n itn (i) icn, tifiittm
H i t ? ? I C I I
(m 1 ) mu (?micn utc? fip uci (m iBntim i*, ivj*) mte U|f, unu vs m^ Sunen i t i i i i fififi iei i
ffi f m men m u^ uci ^s m u^
I i c n tn i f i i n mm fim fm i m t m f i t f i t fieuf cm mw uu
ufiei (m i i , i b - ) ; mgn gt mit mn m t Hfiff i,tiffmf'? Itme? nite? uHH m-iten leu CT
ufiei tUe ffi St^gm fisu'ut lffei (m ib,
1 iu<ii iftuci, tm wu f . it?f'?-mui m-wtutf,
i b - ) tiffuti mt C 1 C T fim
I ffi u Siitci m
Ht5'i-fifi Itm uitftH'i-muitg, i i . , fimf'i-
(m ^ o ) I
tuu, % o(t)r-obi i?cm:i m m, f?um wu itmn
I
?iei^ um UfcnCTnwt i ^ ?ftuei, t m i tifci

t^jjf^fum mtei Iff iit?ii g nwi tuen
m i m f l ? fin^ "stc w ufiue^, ?fi i u t u
atî
f i i c i gt mir mt mm H t n, ie? ^ wu fit'

wtf? I C U i m itfi cUicn I C U "iit m t e i fif^ f H
H t n ififci cit fim
1 I t f i Sell iftuei <ic<(>j?vs (f.
i 5 H fll ( f . t m f fiwm [ f f ] g. fieu., uite
f i t f , mm'^-t=#fn'-^^; m-iru"^, fm, f%tfi-
imifiiifci i^fi tfffiim mte? fif^ f f ? ?<Ht
tfffut'; tite tiffium fim Hmfi fini UIT VQ
?Huci) I
iftuei, i f f 8 - i v 5 j 8 ; m 5. m-ufif, fm, uuf
t}. "i-
tifnt tn mUf mtH'i-t*ii*j<<>i' fit'

I t u ,
i f i i f g(i) ifr#; (^) m-usuf, m - i t w f ' ;
I t f i
(vo) t n mn, m-fiim; ( 8 ) m-untf, u?f'i-itv3m;

H'1-tff^') tite i f ^ i t ? l c i I ?lff?tlf tite CT, (u)
?mi i m ntu f i i t ^Q mim ici ufiu ufiu

n i
(a) Goldziher, Rev. de I'hlst. des Rel.,ff^( i f e o f f
'ên mte? um ^ mit mi mtm uen i ?'fu?if ) g ^^-b-f^fe ; (b) ^ f Oriental. Studien Th. C i n ,
icn g n f n Uffin ( u ) mnenei ici itu t^ttsfif? Noldeke... gevi^ldmet, Glessen 1906 i i . , v s o b - v o i ^
Der Islam, 1 , v o o 8 ; ( i ) Narbeshuber, Aus dem
I t i t c ? wu ufn ttcii nt mrm tnu uf ^
mil mr mtm uHen ugn fien nt uen Leben der arabischen Bevolkerung in Sfax,
i '|"U
men m i T s m i T < tn ifiun ufiu fiiiiff UtiHi, i f e o H t-, % ^^-^h, ( b - ) A.J. Wensinck,
Mohammed eu de Joden te Media, ifeobr
m^m u Situ fit'uHeni fim n H miHnii g 1ltc1
j_L^ i L a . U LJa. (JL-Ja iAjj-o i j r I --.I I

% , i 8 o i. ; (fe) JuynboU. Handb. des islam
Gesetzes. 1. fevo; ( i o ) Biamay, Etude Surele Dialec
t m f Htem
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Contents
Sid
te des Bettioua, iMfwQU ifeii (' (i^) (<( iiiL^)ulu m-fitfi ifif mitf tffîUf Iffii
Doutte, Magle et religion dans I'Afrique du Nord, mrt'1-m'S 'miti^HH'suuntHH
mferrpf ifeofe f , 1.ffb-^-fe^;(i^) t m f ftmn ( f f ) , -c:j-ii ^ J-^)' tffîlt^îH'i-
g. fmt; (io) t n m n , ^"i-mrsf; (is) i m i - m m
tm' f mtfl'i-UU' ( ^ t * - ^ ^ ' ^ ..^ .J
m-'snrtf, Hmfi-Hiji, Hn; ( i j ) H f m m sfiuHi
^ y A I j-=^) I m-tfftf ffti stm mei ien s tifînt
; (i^) E. i.^, 81., ;i,fe-ii I
ItHn ItfH Hitf (It.it.t.)/ s\. n. iîi. itifp ititi 'mit'1-S^ tu m ufuff^-mifi ^su tifnT|'i-
ft|3t 1
uiH-tumufnfi-uii ( ^ i ^j.î ^js. ,^-..i
(5. tiHf f l ) ^ 1
^5t(^b*t^M I) 8 n H H f tt iHmt t m 1 ^ ... 11) (g. m-fitf, "i-fif1, % osb) I m -

itHitHi isf i i f n f ^ mtt iff, cm fwficii it uimtf (itntit-t u f "m t m i , % i 8 8 ) m-fiif
n H f men f%Hc iftifii iifnf i t i t mte mff? if^ fifi s t i t u : i ftuei fi^ ifimn s (i)
ifnci mte cm stm ifnm i t let i t i t m n tifmi?'i-itiH- tu m ufnfi-Ufi (_.i i
stm îH5f%Hi stfoRtt Itm ff% f i m - i i f i , t m ' fitit c--^' ui L*-" L ^ O ; (1) t = # m t ^ - ' S ^ t u m
fi-111 lei I m-itfif ien, oj^-J J
ufnt'-tffi (j_>.j (jl
l_^Lj_2Vj UL.^! Vj ( m - t i m t , 81, ii) I ifi-sntl ^ -11) nt fffi s f i t m tiFai'iTj'i-m'^ H'l-iti
^ stm s ( i ) muaf^fn m i um îmi >4ttei cmt aI J )-iei i-Ht ifiuen i in.
m C I , -sFi-fmi n H stfSRit *iitstfH stfspm n t f n s t m i t i - m i t - u t f i I C I tffifitK'i-ffi (I - I
15,1 i t i f f H I lit f f H m n H fin mt itnt? iei
^ j i i j I ) u l u t ^ f f i t ^ ' i - m H ' 1 - u f (^( -
I C I m>s iH fiien msH iiHui ^ t i t ic i t u t i t i
^QI_,JIÎ)l
ff%u n 15f% mt cituci cm sf^ Sitn uu n iei;
nt t m utfifn I f i f ufiu i^sut uifiui ^tu ie i utut s stn stm, t?jfif it^'i-uu'utH'i-mTfiut-iii?
(^) fHf^fn stiti s mtei u f ' I t e m ifimti 11 i t i 8 cm finei f?i?fi? nti u u iit ue< ci, cm
tiHiit^'i-ni (iitifti 1S31U) m n i tit? it^ litmei iiHm Sn m s cm f n uHf i f ^ n u ufHe?
cmsu n C I , m cm s t u i (fum, i t f i , t m ' , Hui) cm Hm u u cit u f i ^ H ^ i i u u n i liitmr
u mt mfti iJ^M'\ uu cm fwHcn 9ms cim c i SflUigfii vs I t f i e n itm^s itm^s ic, S u n i ^ i
stfSpu, t u ^ ff^Hfn sjui itit?tff%cmm i f n m s itufen i f % i i t i sffie^ tifim sffeuen mr,
cm fwHen u mH^ fitifti fii uu n i t m fffn wuiei I
uH'^ ufufen ifiitti, cm, m-fitf, m - i n u f fffi 8 tfffit^'i-^suifi'i-ffUH'i-mt it<5t
VQ iti-ituf n t t m m m t n '^tm (?) tm ^[ifuot fiitfi-n ifsf i t i 8 CI HftH f f m n Hm
ifiitti mitf, m H tufiut f'ififs cm cm mfti mt sfufi ituei, Sitei cit mfti siffi u u mrc
tifnii-n steui f m ien; ei ifufen-cn cn S m I C U cm stm iflisi itfie u ue? i iiittei ifei
fmflien (liff^) n H n iit stfsjm steui u f m Hui wunvs stffl u n i i H - u i m t f tireit
ifiuiteH I tifiiT|'i-uti^ H'l-itti' ifiu i-Hr iHuen i t n ' i -
itfui (1) m-wtvsfiuT (f. t'ift5'i-f>sUfi'^)-n ie
tn'^-urfin (1) t^fi'itei? i t ^ lituci fiu uen
tiffIti n H l f l m ^ i u tir fien ivsm ie^ i n
C I , tm uf m fium m i mt rnin uu n t m cm l f l usu m; cm m ^ i u em f i m ^ ivsm
fiHfi itueimil fieiici stf^fi^ uu (o.L_LiI a > - ...i utue^ c m i f i usu I f t e i f i m 1^5 ufiei i
i5i
IJ i . u'-^'- ji L ^ L i i L-.) I t u fm stm s ( i )

fistm 8 (tfff11? i i H i - t m ' mtftm-
t?#im'i-mt'itf'i-ii^fmt8 (i,>_Ji .I ~ I
fiu')-i utuei Sfifiien leu ^ i Uiuci i i t m
5 _.i ..-.y I) U 1 U m - t n f - n i-Ht U f i t e ? s t f t ^ n f ? urn's ie t m ' - n i f i i f i , cm m - f u f , m r -
iiH'i-'iti-H H'i-uu'itfi'i-mfHRiTt i i m i - m t imrf, t n uît, itf 'mfiirti m-uf stfi iit i
(^jJu^\J^ < jl.oVI 5l._^l_. Ji*JI . .1 ~ ...I) I cmi ien I I t m cn cn tite^ i f i ftuci i i i ific
(^) tffii'T|'i-vauiH'i-fiuf'i-mt Itm fium i f i ^ I cm it?,itHi, mf'f-îfm, i t f i f f u'lt stfi
i^t n cmi ien i f i f ^ utuei fiwbj fin c?
t m f fifem
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Contents
t*JR)Â1?
ftsRT' M ^ftvlCA, sTf f% %l; ft?tf? Rt A?, t ? WfttC?? fftc twftRl^ W f t ^ f t T O

R t l l l ^ R t C T s ftsRT' AtSlCA S A T ftsfttV? Ml f% Rf (il?l, 4f??t R'SRtt WttlAt^ ^ ? t tcTO?t t f t ' W t C WfTO ^
5^1 W R f N MtCT afAt TOf RlftCT ft Rf I W t f t l ^ tftR ( W t R - t A ^ , 8 t , i l A ) (^^ ' J 7 J 3 ' ' -
WlR-RffRtRlf i 8 8 ) CT s m R ? ?5tt S c ^ t
^ f t t t X l R , t t f S (i) t f f t R A H ' R - ' S f R t R t WT? RttARf-
^ U e . I ^ Ijl^ L a ^^ I) I
^ f f f t R - RtAi? A R f f liltCT,? f t f ? f ? t w i 8 ; ( A ) W t R - t 1 ? t f t , W t R -
W t R f t t ( j U _ c ) t % R R ^ f R ' S W f ? f t i t rff%CT t W t Rf
fRSIR'^, tTAt Wtftt??T, I t T O i A A / i ^ o 8 ; ( ) W T ^ ? t A S t S ,
t?ftt4?et?r C41R t # R C41R R t S C O f ? f ^ <pf??f ttCT I WsiSR,
tA? t?ft?Tt, i R - R ? ^ t , RfT^'R-fTOJ? WtRt-'WtAtft; ( 8 )
Wftftt CTtt ?Tt^?FWI S t f t t f t T 4?t t ? ? R I A I tAf'^-'^ltRIR W t R - W t t t ? T t ; t R t f ' R r f s f t ' ^ , tRT?t^'-
( A ) tffRAT|'?-RtRR' t R t WfR ttfSRfR-RTJft, RtAT? RRf< i^lt 1?t'Wt WfR-y.^RilJl; (&) WtR-tttft, S ^ ' R - t ? 5 f A, "'St R S ^ t ,
CT, C41R wfnti:;? t ^ w R w t t w ?AtR t t t r o tR^t t t Rt?f'Wf Rf?f'wt WfR-tRtMltf, ?t?C?t i ( } - l r / i S > l r ; (b)
c t t W t t f ^ f t WtT C4tt WtttTOTR t t f t ( ? t t 4 ? t ) A t I WtR-tlAtltlff, WPTtSt-t ttffWfC ttRft, RtWfRCt t?T#tc?
W t R - t t A t l R T f t = # f A T C ? ? t t a R ST^tAatCt R t T O S c ^ t WTTO, RtCAT^; ( t ) W T t - f g ^ , WtR-WftAtA 'STO-RlWlt?,
^RslCA'l W t t ^ t f f f R A l f " R - f f ? t t t t f ^ R A l f " R - A t R ftftt?t' fR-1?t f A M t , i 5 v b ( V ) tA^R-fSfTW, W t R -
TO^, t r o t R t < liltCT,C4f? f i f t c T O Wi^'^ t f TOt%C^ WtTOIA 'S AfR-RtWtts, R t A t ' ^RT?Mf fttftSJl, i A A ft.;
ATOT?TO^TOTfwftRtS? wSt ^1%^^ AT TOft'^ s f t t t W t 1 (5?.) WtR-<t>ltwf, 'WtRTftf'R-S^, Atttft i ' 0 8 ft.; ( i o ) I,
C W WtRtC?? Rtte? ? t R - t I 5 * t W i ? ? ? - f t f t tt?Tjt ^ I Goldziher, Das Prinzip des Istishab in der
WoTO WtCt, w t t C # t lilAit ft?R-ftft fttTTO ftR? ]V[uhammedan, Gesetzwissenschaft, in The
t ^ t Rt t A I A C t t r o t ^ C4tR StRtt t^S?T tttCA, ^ t tAtC4 wiener Zeitschrift f. d. Junde d. morgenl. i t ,
ATOtC?? W g ? i t t Rtt??T R'SAt StS ^5tCT I "TO WtR-RtARtR'1%f iAV-A'O'iJ I
?C W p i t t f t % f A i ?TOT'^f^^T sftTt 4?t t t ^ RCA I Th. W. Juynboll (Rft?Tt Rtti? 1??tft) (Rt. A T . t.)
lilttTC? W t ? -il^ft sf^ S ^ r t f ^ ^^tc tTC?CT,t t R t f t /Ji, m.TO.RtAf5? ?ATO ^(331
Rfft'Wt ft t t R t t - ' f ^ \[Ct? t l f f w t C ? ?tA4lft ? (iltAlTttC? ^f%^TTt<T ( g . t t t ? t t R )
' W t f t t t t , C??? WtR-Wtftft t w t t ? WtCTO?! ^RstCA? (WtR-
^^>Hi^^>lH (ji - - -i^ S ^ ttftRRtA (^M,^-,.,!)-
t A ' ^ , 8 t , i V i ) I t A t S S ^ ilt?itCT,t t R l RCTR 4 R ftTO
trolR ( g . ) RTO stRCSf S f f R - f t s f A ( g . ) R t f ^ sf^RfA
?WT?t ?tf5t?TC^, C t t R 4 R ftTO W A t f t R?5R ft^t
<)AtlC? WtCRtt^ f M t ^ ^ftfS tAift I tAift <3AI^^ tT?tt??5
?lR?t ?t?C ^5tCT 1 S f R t T O R ? w f t t t A t t 1
tA4& RtCTO 4T?Ct RtC?t RfC?t lA5tt%? f t t A? (J. tttftft,
t f f f f A l f R - A t R At?t ÊPt^tAtt ft W < ?#?tf ttC4?, StC??
8t, iiib-iV; t?? T?ft?Tt, <2-t, AA) 11^^ l i ! ^ A t ? C?3A
WtCRT5?TTOTt A f AftttC^ 1 wsm,CTtwf?RtSCTTO^
tAte?? tT?tt??5 RtCTO C4t? f t t 'S RAWCAfAt R?M Sltt?
Aftate^, C t t A t t T C ? t t f f w f C T O v s -il?sft ftTO ?tAAtC5 W t t ^
?5t?e RRf A? Rtt I
C t t t w f ? R l ^ C t t TO^ttt t ? t A t C T t ^ t Rt C t t TO^
i 1 f ? W t t ? (5?. S i l r - i J ? . ) , A t f A - ( o j )
t t C4T? ? T t 3 R Cttt Attc? 1 Wf?ittCT t f t C4t? fsft?CR? J . . , I I oi j l =
tfrot^ ?t C?tAt^ C?tR W ? ^ ftttt Rf ttC?5, C? j>u.^ d J ] I ...-^) ftfRRttRtAt S ^ AC?roT^

t f f f Alf'R-AtR-'il? t t i f t r f t SAtC4 C t t TO^^rst ?AtR ?ttt W t ^ r p ft^^'S S<5R mi tWRt' (sfC?? mm Wtsft ACRf?^ R t
^5tCT I 9^ ? f t t A t ? TO^ t t ? ? ^ R t f W C4tR t f t R tt'SAt ^4f??T Attiet tRR tTtft) Ate S f f t stRTCt? RTtTCt
TO,roSAt? ^ ' S tt?Af A t C T I S T O ? t A ? i t C4t? ftcftW tftAfte?? 'sifRtRtt tAts 4^?? Rtet^ CT sfTO 4c??
?Ti%=? 4 t t S c a t 4?TTO1 t t 5 t Rf ^tAf? t T At # f t a A T T O tAfftc?tfttet?f M ^ w f t RAcwt 'S^'^DH ^ft?t te i
t ? t ? f t f?f%tCT Wt?T tttCA, ^ t tAtC4 # f t A t r o t t ??T 4CR lilt mm wft?5vo? 'oitctlHl t?^2te?tw? i wTTO w?Tfte4
^5tCT I tftRAT5'R-AtCR? C T O t ^ f R 'S W A ^ RC?T R t ? ? tAf W T ^ ?^'l4 'S c#fACRT^'t4CT,tRtARlA tfttCAlt
WC??t 4Rc Ate? I C t t R t C 4 tftc ^ f t ftttAt 4Rc At%^'tArSRlfttT4s|tAlwt?4t?e RWAttte^, CttWAT
^tCT I Woii)?, I f t fttt?Ct? tAt'S m^ srf3RTt I C? t A f tAf b r ? t t ^ sttRT? t w 1?^ ( g . Wensinck, The
Rtt?Ct A t C TCT,lilt stfsiRT^ StTO ftft W f T O ( ^ ) , C t t ]V[usIim Creed, (th) i S R r ^ t A ? i t S e a tTOTTOCT,
Wfsttct? ftf%Ct ^ ftf?t TOT A ? I C t t ? w t R - W t f t f ?t?t tftC?lt fttft tfte4 (AtRl?t, ? t ? V ) tRtAtfRt t R f ^
? J ? T O C ? % =t'0?tTO;t r o w< " ^ l A l t f - G ? j t % t ^ ft^-'TOTO
roR, ? t t c?t? twf?c?? wM w?MCTt?f ? f ^
ttRfftfttC^t?
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m m^ tmt? ?TTtTt? '^'ww 9ms s t m m" I i < *frf Sm i t ^ i m ifimen i nten mff mftf c^ Hem
1 ? t m ufii (f. i^fe/<\fe(?) ixtt i i l t sm utti f i u f i fimi itc fiu ivsm f H VQ tffi:m iemi cm nt?
i i t u ^ fim imri m m ?#?nm, mt? lir^ mfn' ?Tfî m?iS m t f ^ f5t? mmif Hm i?, n t
cm imt m mt (fU'svamm, m?cm ft., i^bt, cî<\; ifiei= tit mten ifiH Sitmen f?c?nr mt Hff? i
ntmr? i 8 i , tm villi l i u f t f???, c? i m mfi mm tit n H fimi" (î. ^ ^î ) mu fi-ui ^^c
i i m s f t z t ? f i i t ^^c cm f i c i i i t t mt, ??u tm sm f ? ^ ixiiH i f VQ mtfiiifai fim I t^fiitcn i H ' Q ? ^
vxjift f i i ? mm mim imm? f%% f ^ i H i t f t " (LÎ j memi iHm m i f ? m , f ^ , twu' m t mu-iii?
6i-,, ,i ,7, jji) tm m viiift f i i ? mm mm ffmrf? i i ^ ite itn i n m cmst t m u?m
umi? f%f%c ff? ifimfi) i it? n t i m t m mf f ^ Hf n iffnmn f f i u i i^rH mt i tm im lei ci,
(f. ivV'iJs.v; mrf) i c n s (îvi ...^ji aii tffim Stif%i fii fiu m i ^ - f H ttc Sv| n t
lit it?ei titei citl fimen ififie m m i u m m i
... . T - " 0 'lirnimftc? lilt ?Tritc?ifi??T?fr
ifiei^ tm mfpr liit f g ifiie?? uftcn n t cit ?i?cl
ffiff mci, mfi mm f i e m t ufitc? fim i n ifimfi"
tim liiiH fieii ien fim ftun f m if?e i t n i
(fimfi-irmw, ivooc^ ft., i i i ) i fm cur m c?,
u i u n fim iH ifi?^? mteuen if^s iffm i u mr
itnHfi ii?m i#t,ftf? i f t t f f ^ m *n?mire?
n tir f?tn ?j^ i u m n , m r f ien Siftfi
< itc m I m f imfi^jrivQ .xit fim nrft
tffiircn IiH mrtu mmen iHHfien muvs u ? ^
mifii fimci? i f i i ^ c? cm mti imn? ifrf% fiofi
mr 1 ?j?itf?i fii itc tit m Hmnfcn uf^ imi i
if?c Itci I
lilt f t n Scwi im mtwi n, Sff"i-fii-i-iii? ifitm mtlitcn mmfii (?u t?î-imi ( f . i r ^ i / i 8 ( ? i ) ,
tmi itfi*^ (f. b-cj,o '!(.) citfiitnt t i f i m iTtiTti t n utfH'i-m^ ( v i f e / i 8 i 8 ) fimrf ( i c ^ 5 , o / i ' i o 8 ) ,
VQ
?5cn I mm mitm fii n, mti mit? ififitn fimn

mul-'Sfi ( i c ^ c ^ f f / i v i o ) m f ^ I i t n tfHf-mei
vs itf?i5in fff fHmm t i c liitmn Tj?f fft Tir ntm ffiu ?sHmen rir fiemmr ifici mim ifie^
c?5j^ ili men c i m iffe iit?t i f i n i "mmn cieus5 lit fime? ifi iSmem Sif ite uH i liit ff%^
Cif? m f e i ? n m cm imei mrni cm fim f i w ifrfft itifiitn it^nen mtn i ? i ifieu? ^ mf
iti (HVSI) s f i t e n mif iti i c n mtn fim mm fftmf Sff1-fiimiii? ^rfi f H HUn Uinfte fti
m^ uf -^mci" (Hitm, i o ) i i f i t m n v s m ?5f??tei n t lilt it?ei t m ieiten imm fi^fun
cn tifi;m icmi m n ci leif^ mtntm mmn if% itui cwm fuif; I tm n v s iH tm cff^m^m
ie^ i c m i f c i ^ i m (m tfmitm m m itmit (itmf, imei meitnt mm uei, m mm c m iiitrc?t utut
i i , 5,18 vs ft-iii? Sf) 1 itmf (f. < ? o 8 / i i i i ) vs mm?ft
I U m n, itfi'îi iHi? <^fui ffum mt fiewen
m?f; m ifien, um iei H^ cimict VQ mn? ^fî^r
(?i.) [v!jbri/i5,v5, i??fe f i f i n w i i t f i ' t f i c n ] liit i m
mei miten infill mt iif tif<5Uifiemf f??^
i l f i ' ^ irf? m e i t n t nsiim n t n f t f^ vg ^ f ^ f p s ^ ^ t
f m iwi ifie iten mt 1
tm fiiti mn ien i tmen ^jfte tffim c m c i t
5,1 tffimi s nfim fi^ itc f i c i M r ifiei tir
m c m j g t t?i?;ci iir i t e im i n mir Stif%i f i i
i t c mfiii (mmi mift? S n fien ? j ? f t e i iitfim t=3fiirenift if?tnimif^ i m i u f t m m n H
nm)-n f f i t m ift itfitt i fif c i e i f fimt mnten fHi ie^jf? I f f i it um uei mtii fim iHcn
icm m i f i tfiemtmf^,it cur mtcein, t^fim f i n i H mmfii ififei ?wi ifie n i tffliten
2rfie^ cm fien ffim i m if?c i t n m i f?f (?.) ift t m uiij c m nt ifmft mr i n miu liit
f. ivsio f ) v s i m f ( ? . ) (b-vis8/i8vbo)-iii?iTt? i n f i t f i ' ^ fHft? tHuns Hf%? fim n ^ uti-mu irw if?cei
Itfiiii l i i i t i m mm i m ien i mu iiteitnt iH i tm ici mnt cific i t n , tifiucn
tifim mten nfiii liit m mifaifci,? m I t f fifnfi ''s-imn'? ifftim uimu-n u ^ f f ^
if^ fimen mintm icBtt mm i titm m ncit i H f iemen ci^tfffmtffîtcn f i m i f i i ? fm^;
n t iêu ifii? i t i e i it^^tf? i t m ffîff U n
mun?; rnitlt (f. 8 b - 5 y i o v f e ) , mmif (f. 8 b ^ / i o f e o ) ,
m r f ( l o f e / i v o i o ) t f i ite i if??t mf?5i-'Sfi mten iiteim fifin le^? ciHict ? f 5 i f U t
( i 5 , 5 , ( 2 - / i v i o ) cmf? ieji mtl ?jtmtff? ?Tf%5i tiHîtcn ifimn ?jtn fiu^nmn i f i ^ ? i H f ^
VQ
VQ ii<t=vo?ipi imiei mmm v s ? ^ m t i ?m it?icsgi^t

ufii m m Hife tmei ifii? fitm itwtfi
Sim?r?iei SnH i u m ifie^ m - t i f f (utfif,
imr fiifte fmt m v s fif5tn tifiitm fim if?m
t n r f f i m n
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f. e 8 i ! } / i i e i ) t m 8ri tt^tiitot f i t I H i t iHinm ifiei!t >iitii iHm f i i ^ iftmei i S i m n i i Segi

(itHft, f. i i i ) I c m lilt ifiim f i t f i ifiicit im mCT,tim ie cm cm fien cn^t itm c i ^
t^jf^fiK' t=#fifm f i m i f ^ mfi m i mtHitc?t fiftn itni imt n mt^^tii mwt c i ^ figm tn ifim
itfiiHi V3 i ^ s m ^ fiim cm iitii fime ifiifi itn (fit^^mm, itmmt ivs5,vs H., i o i . , j o i.,
Sif f v s m ien I t n lutcn mi Scfcn mm mf^ fimt'i-'itmm) i fif in tit cmetvs ffif% m n, -iit
mim mit mmi cif mft mmm nt mmi new mm nft mfici? m itei iffi fli (f. f. s8) nt ftfi
iffi im m I i @ i ii)tteit tm mini im m, cn lilt fime? citfwst mt tiffItcim iH f i % (f. fe
tmf5jm-<im ff I t f i i m e i tfffifeii mm leim i., f. 1. s(t) 'itt im fiw^ lami iei, nt m n (f
fiemfmm i f f i mt mt, c^ fieiei tm itmi fimtmit b-(t8)-iii? CI im Hm3i= itc it I tit mf 'ni im
c m iffm mm mt, -im H f i m , f ^ <3 twm' ite iemwi CT, lilt imf itfmi iiit tiffm" i ^ iteif
imifimei Si| iit?i ffitm tnm imei irf Situ ?mm im 1 ? m I i?em tif im im iemwi n, tmi
ifimei(fie^;^) I iffi't (?) f m in fiitm icf c m tiffm imcit
"m mtm mm fimm fi'i-tnm" (tntei cm i m tm itemm fit?^; ?tfi?rten i tit ite m Hmiwtnt
mm iim t^^tf ^fi miti mt) ^ît mf^' f i m , fim ill im KlCT,tfffm' i f 3 F i nrntft f m
f^ va t ^ ' ite i t ^ f f i u t i T I t e m Sn
ff% ifert iliei mtn itcitnt? fin itm Sei mt iHt n ii
'tfi Sffi'1-fifi-n mftfii'^ fff&i liei^ imit titei tifiiten iii?sft Si-fimnci iU im it n t
ifimen 1 fiten ie n i itffm mn wtfi wm mtnm citcif tm if fien fit itft n lit i fitt m i?
iim t m im m i l mn (fi'itmf "i-mnfii) i mnj tm Ittfii (?) i n tfffm m?m ie?i iiit itftft f^ m
I C I t=#fm - n ffei ffm im n m, c m tm ff% i ? ? f men nt tm ff% itcci mfiflit iit ftfft?
ftfi n I fi'itmf"1-111 i f i i ' - n mffi fim iimm iiteim ifii ?i?m ifimtn i
tiffiti--n SiHf (mil m m; t m i H itfifi c m liin fi Ittfii (?)-n i ? ? f i?fc?vs f*itm
i f i i mfaf ci^cai, cniCTi l l c ^ itft'ite? ffmm tfffitei? fiifi mm fi% lijn ii m i tit ffft i m
(Sfi) tm i f iemwj sfjiJ ff% i m ific itn m i itemnt i m i ? ? f iftife itfii vs iifi*^ (i) irf n
fmt u f i i i figimn tUei mT-ii*fiiif4,-'i-fîiii-i m fieim733? Sesi im n tmt cmt liimii itf?
ffiei m f i 5 im mte i t n i i ' e , c m fi'imtf'i- f n f ien I m iit f i i fii ifimci f?i ism m
mitii-i nt m fieii mft fim cilfnm mimii ?fi mfti mfifi uiitfi Sfi ?nmf iHi im i
f i n f s ^ m n i f i iei n t itti iiien i t i f i i mfin iiteitnt im m i tfffitem Sn i m mrten mnm
c m m v s m ififft f t n f t n itcmifi (f. i f f i i f t ^ wm fim^gimstn m it'3 imitfifi?; n mftcn cm
ffHi' i f t i mm) I fmt cut mteei t ^ i i f n mm i m mil? fli cm i?ftet Hf%mn tm ?m m m
t * j f f i i i ' n i m fimti iff (Sm f.) mt n i m t (Sitnimi, cmm mtn? ratio utiiitatis) I ntmn
mmfii Sfen fiift tm m , iffmt-i i f i i icii. intwf? itifii icnm m'tf^c tit's mff im iciff^
i
i f ^ i t m ifim n m mtii fim ^ft n tit n, t*if*imcn ii f'mfif ft 'iiîi ^^c S ^ i

ifim iim iieiJ iteitn im 1 1 ^ S ^ nft Simi t>!ifiif" ff? ifitft?ieiCTm mf^ m Sesi
Seal iflm n t mCT,i f i tnten i a p i l f # i i e n i t a R l im 1 ? fitcn lem i n tmif"i-imntn m-^^fsmtf (?)
m n t Hewen ifmmeif fifii mfen miten ifci (f. 8 ib-/iob-ff, itfit) 1 îjii Sfi imei tm itfi='3
ftn m n fiftiicn Sfs fiiimi n i f e n imm mr m-vs?r?wt-iii? ffi iit imr cm ittiitm icn
fncfi fimm fmt fini mamff n i f ^ i f ? itioiciJ mt (WZKM, ii, i^Lfe, fm e-iii Goldziher i f i tm
m^gmi m iif m im i t m n v s ifi fin*iftiitu i m f f ^ - i t i i ite Sff) I u n fiei m liiiwi fieii^
fim i l l im n n mm itn t f f i i t i - n n < f n s tmi imtf (?) ims ititfii iii^ i-fim i m itsm
n i fififcitfei *iten fci f i c i c i m ifim ig itin m m itm?im iit itemm i f n it?t m (fimuft,
fifien f n Sn'f imei iiten i f e f ? fiiti iHm iu ii, ; L b - 8 - v s i f f ) I iimf (?) im sm i t ^ itHmfii n?
im r Iffmtei ijtut ifimflcn "iff'ite? SetiT mien
t = # f I t e m Ss,if% vg fiiten tfiii tffiiten mm fiemt" (m-'fitifwi 'mm m-ffii-m^t', 'j. sib^ i.) i
itfm I t i 113 itvsm m m I tm CT,ifn fien^ tm m Hfi
i i fi?? nttmen 8 ?i it?i^l,
f n it?^l,
mf%5? ie t m itfii (?) i n t = # i i i i - m m ien nt Cm^) it?iî, Iti imf% it?iî I ititf? ie
t n t f fimm
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t?#flH 85,fe
"sfiimt? i t w f mi tm stH'w isft, gff m (m'S'sf- I C i f m mmmei m m ie? i t i ifiuiHiSnHc

fSm i u mi C I , s m m^ uiitit i i i i u ieitm um
f f U t 'iit'sfui T t f f i i f i u w t IU iU Ui I C I m mtci tcmiemt if^ mi u t cit cwm c m i m u
cwm t u umi ifific (mrmi vîiii) îf ^c ui" ufie ite? s mi tm temiemt tm ^ten mitra fimei
i t c i C I m C H H t u i i t ' ^ 5 1 ^ fimt 2IU1U i t c i i n fieiffi ituei i m tm c m nft iflt uiitit i t a p i
H i cuffci ut^Ft uiu i # 2 ) m f f uufsr ff itfti Hcmtt i ^ , um untit lei i
ufici (mff, it-'^, fff); Simmii, fifii i%nci feit^ usêm Seii i u ititci ci, utfif lit
uei ufiu cm fifiicufti ^ n m R c n c^cai ifiiii tifiitcii i m mm I fif -ît u m i mufti i f
ififfHc (Sm gtu) i mrm fjffm' ieui tn n i mitm 'sn? mcui i u Sf^ lei i tm mij im ci,
t m n"s i f i cm u f ^ t u icui m ci ci ci i t i i c i t ilff (1) [f. * f e o / i i J 8 ] vs n U f (b\r8/ii)r<t) ifl I t f i f
utwp mci fif im fit m (f. vsii vQum s mu titiu mtf m f ^ i i UitHi' fgitm imfi meitnt u ien
mmti itu'm, tffiiti i i r s f tTtfit-i Sfifi Sffi nt t m f i i f i u n ien i fif mfici u n n m itfif
i f i c i f T O o ) I u i u n c^cai ituf (i) tiffmem ieui tn'^-lt^fiei lit f f n nwi fieuff?iiei iU iU n (Sie?
uen u ; tm ie i^t f u n fien l i f t m m Sff f.) I t m fiiffe untfii cwm titiiti f t f i fff
fif^-lii? n f t f i f i t ^mat n t tm f-nn, itf^ trtfi ufif m ^ H o 1 1 ffjU i i fif I ituf,
ite it^f iuen itmen S n finfu i fut tm m fi tm^ fHu ifiuen ci, i^^m ift m ifiei
<iiift ff% flitei i f i i f i ite ite? U I cm m C I , tm iiiAiufci, itfiimei un (*{. i * i o ) i
intf i^)-m mfmei muu itfu^ mti mfîi t f i ' ^ vs mufi i v s i f n fitnrnn c^ Heiei m
i
tiffiti- ie>s( men imi ns ufiuen, iu s m n f uen mnei tm i l l ifiuen n t m v s f i i t i mn

(1) [f. i f b r C i - i m m], t m f (i) [ i i V i i o i n t f f f ;ûcn I ci tiiiiti-vii? liteim T J H I ^ n i i ftccii
(1) hli/ii01o]-1tmf ( 1 ) [b-1s8/i81so]-1t^tf ( 1 ) wtn uwf"i-fi m-tsf (f. l i v b / i v s i v b ) I fmei itmf
[ i i f e v / i i b - 8 ] I tmu uf fiiimei tmn fnfien, fiemt im itei<3 i f i e i J tifmi ic^ mm lemmcn
Hcii mtfi imi imei meitnt ufiuen, fif tite Cifm; mci >iiiwi mfie^m mten lem fwrnftnei
fitcn f i w ? m m UT n u i mrfici tifiiteii fif%s iUimmi
Suni ffiui?en iiim ^ u t c uei i ffiumu:n tm fimt fi'i-uii(ift-'i-f?uii icf (wtUfl-%t
(ilt ilim m i J S w i iitei c^ffm Sfi imfi m f m - n H f i i im msmf if mnfSm i i f m - n
mtf i m f l I titen leu flcnitWi-ifm it^ffl tu ite I t i f i ) m'-i'sf lilt wf&i i ^ îtn
(f. i 8 i / i v s 8 v ! j ) , m-tiiuf ( i i V i i o U 1 U ici), mi- ifiuen, uisifi m e n (fi'muf'i-uiitit) cifm:; i f i
mitf (utf. ho(t/),(too), fienmei t i f ' i - m i (i) ^ i f i (Ufi) vs t ^ ' - n imr ifiift n, mm ci cmsi
(brvbi/isei), t n mffH'1-iT^ (1) (vij/i8i8) vs mi-fiif muen 1 ? % fi T im S ^ ufefmei itifti f n u m
( i i 5 . o / j , i o b r ) , m i ' i - "Sfi ( i 5 . : i e / i v i o ) I .iiuei umt (fmuit) mtii ieisi mifti s fi'muf "i-untit itei
mnen ius n m fimli meitnt ifn u i itiit -ît it (tmt) imfi ufififci t m ici imfi n u i
m nut uT wfti vs leuu i m i tm m fii?i t mfi uit u n m e n itnî
tifiiteii mteim leJn fieufen leu Segieuu ê citfiitei jn) i uiii Uf i vs twu'-ci nwme?
flcn mi-mfif (i) [f. b'oi/)>i.oo, in muf, m i f ? T f i im mte? u, nt "atofiei nut (mm) um
itfi'^1 vs t n l - i f f ^ (1) (b8b/},i.8>i>, ufif) [itntf, fieifimi (mffi- u<fs> i t f ^ fii ite v i f i f t fien
v s i , )>o<t] I t m fifiti iei m -itt ftotucn uffei Sifisti tliifHcn uuei nt t m if icmwi ff)-i^[ci?
mnt iut mmf i i t l ^ 4 t n i^fiui< (f. 'Kiv/ioiv) ilifcu Ufitm icitsff? i f i f ? i t nfi fiie itci; i
U i v s igf^ ^ 1 ^ 5 1 ^ i m f l nfte ffi ufii; CI cm mftest u ? i i fiimtf"i-uiitit m^ uffi
fntm imei tm ifi ns ifiuen i im utut
f i f t t m t t fif I f n Rnlt ci tm mr w f t i n m fit fi'muf "i-mitit? ff cwf?m ntUf i- <3 twu'->ii?
ifiuci, mm i t t f m m i ffi meisi ifimen ci, i i Sn t m fti c? -^fefs^ \ 5 t i t iui if?c m-tsf f?mti,
i t n vs mmi I t f i mtfieii ffft mten ififci uiu t ^ ' <3 mwt? (ff^) ite i u i vs u n S ^ ifimen;
Sm i^tmii ijim ifnte? i i e i uu tifi!itcn c^ci^vs i?ii fH i n m ui ifimen'Sitm (i')-vi!? ?5fi Sf^ftn,
iftufli mtl ieimici itiimei i t i iftuei i tm 'tite cm mm uim tÛf i ^ ut" (itt mtm vs?tm
t m f fiiem
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Contents
Hmt) I tif H^ HH m i l <ra?)iciH w, i t i i tliuji; ^ u irstnti ie? i mfif iti-itme?vs tir i?iH
^(H
1 1 I I F I R I ? vg i m H m f , mfei -sffimn iWfH n H n I fif mirijfte m n , fin mtu ftei tuHt

CitHi HH ns, ittil mrf ntitci Se,fcg? it Heii tntf I t t c n itm ufe c? m ^ citm? Utuei
iHc nm (Hciiit f ?imt s i o v s - emit it^ttn miten Sn tm.cm mt-mii i m ie ut i mm iSi,
T^fsm fifttit *fi m i i m Hf^ it it") I ^^tf iiei tm imen iei ft nm? fmufim mui tif
5nift
HH Iltli utm tit^ fitii *ien n H Hcii fHm uimt? mf^ mtii 's?i:f? t?nfii itcimm mifii
lilt HcuHF iHuen (f. itfi's titÛf Suf
UlU) I t m iei f t f H m % f i m ifHu mti cif s i f i i f % ( 1 ) t f f ^ i , i H 8 ( i ) itH*^, fiitm (f?5tf*i-
cieif fil^ utut m m mm uf^ Helen fHu mitf Si-iii? it?e, ^fti- i o c ^ i H.), vfafe i.; ( 5 , ) f?5mf'i-S^, 1 1 ,
n H HfHl U F I N i m itiu ifni icim mitn miff f n - H., ^ \ o - i ; ( v s ) I f f *i-i-iin fitm t n "utf
i u iicsft m. I tit 1^ 1 ^ I f i f i i , infU ms' f t
e? t5H'-tfu? iri-mif iti-f"mfif, fiti;*i-f'mm f
t i m iici t ^ fmt c m uttuîen fiH^ iiten SfH'1-fif1 , ^ 1 , ufiii- ivSV(f/ifevb(2-, l r v S V - 8 o ; ( 8 ) Ititf,
im ifiei wu nt t m ICI ft t n i f ulti m m m-fifimt, 5,iea, mem io<fh/i-s,o% i i , i o i - s . ; (a)
mêim utci -^fi iieiîH iici uu it^ n I mntf, fiiit^'i-Sf-i, mun wruf'i-fi iti-tiuf
ifim lilt ufitei ie5i ci, -^tim iti ufif if fimmf'i-f'^ (tn itfH'i-itv^ if ii-mf f ?
t5lfiifteim iH if;m ifiu fiuei <bo i.) I tm vQUt1-f?-iil? U f W C I ) , v s i , ^ f T f l - i v S i ' i i - i v S i l H., 1 , i 8 o -
ilhc% UUCI fH fifii ntewi ifii iten ( m - i 8 1 ; ( I s ) rf'ij--fi m - - f ^ , wm'S'i-wfvsmH', wtitf"^-fi
iTQUfM-ifwn) iffa 1 1 ifim ifiuen ifiu fitei m-uitf-n fu vs Uftf? tfmi, 5, lea, mcu, i c ^ ^ i
fim i u ituei nt Ufpra Sf%m i H fft m i i i u H., ^ 1 , '^brv; ( 1 ) ?t?itff, iti^'1-Sf1 , 'mifi-'itf? m -
ituei, "Itut iHiei i f n i h i cit uH^ ci fiw i i f 1 t f ? t U ( i t i f ' l - l t i m ) - l l , 8 1 C 9 , tmft i v f l o l - i v s o b r ; .
Ifni I C I CI fiw ICI emen iHfci utci" (tîfi^*i- 8 1 , > 5 - i 8 , 8 o , b-vs; ( b - ) I t U l f , m - U l f , i o i , I t S C U
iT-em m-ifwn it-t^ m m i t mmt fim-m) I fisf ivsc^8 H., i8(2-; (fe) itju-uum m-uirf,, i t i f "i-iiim
t m if mn f n i f n ifififci m n m r m (u?i muH'i-mvsm), tii -^st f vg^grten -stu fitm vs
iiifi IU I firm (i-)-IIRA ficii iguf ci ifii itiei 'imû-itfi m-uiuf? fm, cii, f n - i v s i v ^ H., -î,
Ifni ifie ^^ci tt ifiei^ f-it iiien i i nt liit i i j 8 - b - ; ( i o ) itiu'i-itf'm m-itiff, it?i-'m'sfi-
i
cieitas iH f m (tf-îm) iiiii H'HUfi-itfmte 'mm'-m-^-, mimituf? fu (it-mifi) nt
iiliU^Ûei 1 mtf fm t n f v s - n fm, vaiea, itaeu ivsc^c^ H., i,
vs
^Sesi i u t n mfiut (i) f m fiitu-c FITiei 5 , - i o ; ( i i ) t i i ' i - i m , it-fi;f?-mtnitfH'i-ii^-

FFT m i l iHuen ci, U F C N n um itit uniei i H n tu (it-tff?, vsu'-ti-f?), îc, -^mi- i v s i ' i i -
newt f l ifie ite?, fieii iH t m ft I T T C N fu i v f l i l H., 1 , ^î-vsb-; ( i ^ , ) (fm fnt), f i i s p i f " 1 - ^ - 1
liiii u n I lufiei tm- nUifii %îien wu tu tfH'1-Sfl, tfflf i ^ o i H., 5,vs i.; ( i v s ) -gft'l^m
uifii, tf im fiuu fi'i-uiffiH"'i-f5itu fiern^ t n 'imH'i-itf? ( f i i t l t ) , fmfft9['i-if5, emi fitm
N M J mr iu^ i ^ R R C N , 'mtfmi ift U F C N ntii neia ' i t ? f ' i - ' i t f fiwifi'i-'fi (-?tim-'Sfi)-iii? tu
cif%e mi M F C I nt m ci, tir tiien F I I T ifi^m mvsuf!m-mtf), itmf? m - f i m m i f f g , ciics,
111
mtu mm u ff^mm mtei liit ittn meii ift f n - ivaciC!,-ivaci8 H., î, ^ v 3 o - 8 ; ( i 8 ) t n mfi?if,
itf!TT I iH liin LILTII ClU m CI, I T T C N fim t m itsffitf m-mutl U*i-UUtl, cMea, mcu i v s 8 i - i v s 8 f e
(11*1 mi) fl mOTf< n, ei t u f^tci wtfic ^ci H., (fl, 5,Ci i . ; (id) George Makdis, Ibn Taimiya's
tifti t m ifH Siftfi ifie -^ci Autograph fVIanuscrlpt on Istthasan : fVIaterlals
for the Study of Islamic Legal Thoughts, in Arabic
I J'LJLCJ IJIC 1 D 1 J , ^ ^ _ J _ A L I L I . 1 . . . ntitm^^ftcniiteiii and Islamic Studies in Honor of Hamilton A. R.
cmH fi|i I" Gibb,ittei ife-Jsa- f , 88-31-8ife (apHf"fmei fifi ifei?
I t n i ) ; ( i i j ) itHf, m-fsUifi.tt, 8 1 , it?em i v a 8 i H.,
tsf m fii m ifien m tntf ittcn f w i i ? I
tctiemt i f ^ itmci I H'liUf "i-Ufitit FFi n m e i 8 1 , i i i j - i i v ; ( i i ) m-t'fili, ^lea, imcU ivflvsc^ H.,
'Oi'!s-'a&'!}; ( i b - ) iti-imi fmm m - f t i f c?, Sff"i-
ifc? um ?itci fH liiiwi iftmi I tir m ci,
rm fiutm (SfHM-fif'i ne^) i f e o - i j f3i%iei itifi f i i i ^ mumt io(tij),hoo, 8io-b; ( i f e ) 'mujm-mfi i
tntf fiiem
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Contents
80i
Principi della Giurisprudenza Musulmana, W f . WTARs Stuhlweissenburg R T T M S Alba Regia;

Guido Cimino, cm iJAA %, i V i - 8 ; (Ao) f ^ R K T O f l f , A t r w f f A R Szekesfehervargftt (Buda)-TO t f % t -
ij>Hll*M''-Mfrt%'R-tt=11t^, i ^ V o / i i s - i i i , i1A-1(2- t f % e t W A f ^ m^ f 5 f o t A A 1 liltttW i o A / i M t r f
(Wf. W. % m , T t t C A i S . l 3 i %, V(?-V1); (Ai) tA3 C t ^ f f w m A t w f t t AtWlTR? wfTO4 S ^ R t W ^ [ M
fAtro AtAtAlA W t R - f a t , TTtSiJlR^'M-Atf'RlAtS ftt- ^ I ffwt t?5tit M f i A t r t A c t m ^ I t t w K f (RRartvE
t t f t ' W t W t R - t t R l f A A J t , t l M ^ iS.l3l3-iJl3l '^.j A ' S ' i i - S I , 1 1 , [wt>aMt C b M f ^ (Ewliya Celebi, vii, 55) 4 t m beyaz
vsvo-vs; ( A A ) I. GoldZiher, WZKM, i A . ( i v v i ^ . ) , A A V Iskemli Kal'esi], AtRt^.3^ ^tc s t A t M t m M i A t t t f ?
1 . ; ( A ' S ) D. Santillana, Istituzioni di diritto f k A W A M (Isthvanfius, A " i 5 i - ^ . . ' S t f R A t A w s f A A P
Musulmano Malichita, i t , C A t t iS>A"J3 <tb 1 . , i J s o t r R t A M ' Celebi, 1 , bo) C t t t A t f <!1(AM<1 t t W f%?m
l i - l ; ( A 8 ) E . Tyan, Methodologic et sources RI 4 % t ?Mttt5t<j4 W R t f f t ^ 4f5ttCA I Ctt W R t f f t ^ C

du droit en Islam (Studia Islamlca, i o t , i i ( j i ( . , W T 2 R t tfA 4 A m S C n C t R A t R A t t f S f TOt t t f o TOt
l J - i o S . ) , fArtAstCA V 8 - S . I 3 ; (A<?) Malcom H . Kerr, A t S i R t TO? tfAtt gftfrn Atm WtA'Q M t t W t A t A t M (^.
Islamic reform, A t T O 'a TOfiiJC^RA iS.'b'ii (., vs> 1 . 1 Giovio Historiac, A t , oobir.) 1 lt f ? f w t A A W t U R t
(t) t * l f t * i = 1 l A ' (A-ii) t i A t f t , % fit., i t , iOJ-i88; 4?t '^{^t f ^ i A M I 'iITO5'S h(to/ i ( ? 8 RtCR tA3f^ " S ^ R t t f
(AI) A l A A l f t - t r o f t , f . a } . , vst, io8-ivsS.; ( A V ) f ^ f - R l A l f t - W t ' S ^ t f R AtAt TO I W t C t C t Ji(?/i(?b^-1 RIC^T ( ^ .
A t ^ , % fit., A t , A A S . - A ' S 8 ; ( A S . ) AlA^-tWtAtf-4t?tt, Fekete, Siyaqat-Schrift, i t , 8 8 A ) t t C ^ t R f C^Raft

% a t . . A t , 0 I 8 . , f A C t A vsii-l3; ( v S o ) tAf'R-ÂfA-tfA TO4t& '5}Aî4 -^l-ttÂ ' S ^ t t f t C t A i^^f^ f A . R T f S f t ^ -
Wtflft'R-Al^, % at., ot, i S i - i ' b l , IACTO ^fett i ( ? o 1 . ; (Sandjak)-'ira C4cg t f t t AA 1 i^ ' Q ^ f f A H t f C A ^ Rcti
( o i ) lAAtft AtA^'R-'SfR, % at., ^t, A-Iso t . , fACTO CtRtJl1%sr (Vezprem), C t t R f B t (Polata) t S t M (Gyor)
Als-Jii 1 . l i R l v s o i ; ( v s A ) tAA tAMt, f . at. ( J t . AA 1 . , M m S t T O I i o i o / i - j j o i R C t ( ^ t t i& f a f M t A A WAC?tt "4M
ii-Jj-br; ( 0 0 ) W t R - f M l t , A t , o o l - ^ i - j j , VSA8; ( 0 8 ) R t R 4CA, W ? t J t ? ? f f R^R?t i o i i / i i l J o A R C A S A f f t T O
4l?rft, ttAA T A ^ t f A ' ' R - f f R , ?n?tm ioo-Js f t . , i i o 1 . ; "S^Rtf f A P W ttc^r wtcR 1 CRWt fttt' (Sacra Liga) ^jm
( ( ? ) A t W f t - M W t ^ - ^ l ' s f t , f^RtRt f^M-APtlfRfA'M-ffAtRT f^ t A 3 t t C t 5 j f C ^ R t t W "S^Rtf AtCSfJ? t l R A t f R M
(TOTf ATAt*^ S f f s f M - f ^ f A, ^?Ai i ^ S A S ft., 01-10); (i'53br8-i'j3JJ ( . ) 1 C R t R R ? m^ (Ultima esuric
(o-b) ?tftA fwn? TtAlAff WIR-AtAm-iil s T ^ f M l i t ^ t confracta " Wagner, ii, 43) fCffJ WACAtCAst t t ? T t A t
Jt ( i O A 8 ft.), 18(?-1o; ( 0 1 )f A t ^ W t R - M f , 1- m^ R?#4 stttfc t f t t A t TOl i o i s i s / i - i s b r b - RtCR t A f
obri-S.A; (ov) 'Wt?f'?-?Tft5T, f. at., i ^ i o , i V 8 ; (oJs) 'f^t^Cff? A C ^ t M A tTO?,1lWtCA t t ^5tc tArct?
RtAAtRif, % at., i'^cj-br, A i * 1 . ( W f , Ziadeh, % vi-vs>, wft4tC? WtCR I
iils t.); (80) fyrW AlAA, WtR-m^tAl f^'^-^ttftt'R- a f ^ t # 8 ( i ) Pecevrf, t f t , t s t f R i A V o ft., i t , A<M
t t R t f t 'QTtt A t ^ f - f A W I - 1 ' S - ^ , <li?ll i 0 1 8 / i S . f f 8 ; ( 8 i ) t . 'a Ao-ii t . , A8A t . ; ( A ) Solakzade, t ' f f t , t s t f R iAS.b-
"?ptTO T t t A AtAtAlA W t R - A ^ f , 'Al>S?tM''^-t1fR t A l f ^ ' t - ft., ( J o v s , bba t . ; ( o ) Nalma, t ' f t t t ^ S t f R i A V i - i A v o
ttffWt WTR-ttRtfWt, AtftTO? i S . l j ' i i - i J s ' i i l '8(.; (8A) fATttA ft., A88 t . , A V C t . ; (8) A t ^ t t % F t , t n t f t ? t , (Fedhlek),
r#f W t R - A M t ( f t ' W t t ^ ) , W t R - S f - f R - ' W t ^ f5f'5I.f%?5-ft'R- t ^ f f R i A b - l s - l ft., i t , i i v t . ; (a) ?t%f, t ' f t t , t ^ t l t
gfiTO, ?Agi, n.d., ob-0-808; (8) wtR-RtM At?f i A V A ft., i t . , 8S>o; (b) fRRlA'TO, t ' f f t , t ^ t f R i J A V ( . ,
WtR-AlAAtIt ( f " w t t t t ) , 'SffM-ttMAtl-, f t iOIS.- At, O i l t . ; ( 1 ) W f s M C K ^ , fRAtAt-RtRt, I t . ( t ^ S t f t
bro/iS.(?s.-'j3o, A 1 i - A V i ; ( 8 8 ) I. Goldziher, WZKM, i t . iiAbr (.), t . ; ( V ) L. Fekete, Die Siyaqat-Schrift
(ivvi AAi 1.; (8(?) Santillana, f - ^ - ^ CTOt in der turkischen Finanzverwaltung, Budapest
iJsAls <t6 t . , i S > o v (., 10 1.; (8-13) E . Tyan, % a t . , 1955, i, 144, 244, 280 t . , 280 t . , 873 (index)
f?ctA J s - b - i o i ; ( 8 1 ) Malcom Kerr, Rashid Rida and and ii. Plates 26-27, 48-50; (S.) Paolo Giovio,
Islamic legal reform, in MW, i t . ( i S x b o '^.), s . s > - i o v , Historiac sui temporis, Paris 1558-60, ii, 308r
i l o - i V i ; ( 8 V ) >^ ( ? t t 4 . Islamic Reform, 1 . , 1(? 1 . ;
k. (-Paolo Giovio, Dell' Istorie di Suo Tempotr,
Vo-ioA,ib-i-ii, Aoi 1 R. Paret ( E . I . V t t t f f f t A L. Domenichi, Venice 1560, ii, 7021.); ( i o ) I. M.
t?notTFf (g. fJrot'S^f) Stella, De Tucarum in Regno Hungraiae anni
^nC^K^ - Istoni) 8 (ARsIt (also Ustolni,
(tTfC^tf M. D. XLII et XLIII Successibus, in P. Lonicerus,
ustoni Belghrad)^. >ll<iRyH s Stolni Belgrad; Chronicorum Turcicorum ... Liber Primus
ttRtf fttc^m
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Contents
tm#t
(Secundus), FrankfuU a. M. 1584, ii 177 1.; ( i i ) %f i m in f n uiff I tnt n m cwit ffifnit-i

Seriptores Rerum Hungaricarum Minores w fll nt untn Hut (g.)-i ffifnit-? v a f t unti
Hactenus Inediti, ed. M. G. Kovachich, Buda (cig), t u \o,ooo ifntf u^jfus; nft S i m tntftm
1798, i, 77 t. (Deditio Albae Regalis); ( i A ) N. de uimr chnum cnm ifiim M^tuuim wu stfif% it
Montreux, Histoire universelle des guerres du ufntfn IS^ iHn itfti fiim frn'msim cititci fn
Turc, depuis I'an 1565, iusques a, la trefve faicte ufiu uHn cufi i5f5n iif% i u ituei i fifiiien
en I'annee 1606, Paris 1608, 737 t., 750 t. 787 uwcp w tiu n H uH iff; itnHi i n fll I mftf
1., 839 t.; (i\s) Hieronymus Ortelius, Chronologia ii S ^ Edfu-11'Ht ufun s^ n n >,o,ooo ^ f|i
order historische Beschreibung aller ntUfii 8o,ooo tnti? (trdabb) Cim >>o,ooo tuH^
Kriegsemporungen und Belagerungen in ober fiifii (Zabib) S,itfi ^ I n u n n i fim I T W
und under ungem auch Sibenburgen mit dem f l i?m ff^ tumt m i u n i
Turcken von A 1395 biss auf gegenviartige Zeit ifiif ( i ) U'f, i i . , A^fl- i.; ( A ) m f f , fil-,
denckwutig geschehen, Nuremburg 1620-22, i, i i , A ^ i ; (o) Ame lineau, Geographile de I'Egypt,
503 t., ddi t.; ( i 8 ) Nicolai Isthvafi Pannoni i l A ; ( 8 ) A. BoinetBey, Dictionnaire geographique
Historiaum de rebus Ungaricis libri XXXIV, de I'Egypte, i t m t iv-fefe %, i\ro \ litciff Hii f i n i ,
Coloniae Agrippinae 1622, 9 t., 267 t., 777 t., uue u l t i f n m m I ' H t v a itci, Su () i t f fUtm,
787 t.; (iff) E. Wagner, Historia leopodi Magni Khitat Djadida, v-1,fffe;(^)1t13f. Baedeker, Egypt
6; ( 1 ) Guide Bleu, Egupt, 1956 % 8 v 5 f e - 8 o i
Caesaris Augusti, Augustae Vindelicorum, 1719
H. Rltter (E. I . V f l t U i U t l ^ l l ' ^
31, ii, 431.; (i^b) A. Stauflfer, Hermann Christoph
tf (Isparta) s ifi=i-iPn fmm n H i n i
Graf von Russworm, Munich 1884, 73 1.; ( i i )
G. Heile, Der Feldzug gegen die Turken und die
t m f5nimfi1ifu (Pisidia) I ififi I t e n <[?5^, liiHfn
va liicitcitfiU-citcUeitfien l u i f S% m i ffie ioAo-
Eroberung Stuhleviassenburgs unter Efzherzog
fitti Severn t u mff I mu^tti ^ itcuf? i t # i ui
Matthias 1601, Rostock 1902; (iV-) K. Horvat,
Vojne Ekspedicije Klementa VIII u Ugarski u
tfiiftt I 11, \r^ itf/ i M i 8 i itfe fifii fra
Hrvatsku, Zagreb 1910, 181 t.; (ife) L. A.
t m U I uufst U ' G U m i ^00-^0^/ i A o \ 5 - i A o 8 uei
iMvsrf 1 1 t u m m I n itc t u tum if%i fu
Maggiorotti, L'Opera del Genio ItaJiano al Estero
stnen if^ fli 1 itf^- Uftewn im n i t f i va
(Ser. iv-. 3 vols., Rome 1932-39), ii (Gli Architelli
-sstf (f.) cit3j (ititm i m g fli >itHf?) tfit^ttei fitm
Militari), 259-65, 465 (index) also Platelvii; (;to)
J. von Hammer-Purgstall, Histoire de I'Empire
nrvo/ i v s v i ltd 'Siufi i t n i i f m ie<i fifim
Ottoman, tr. J.-J. HeUert. v (Paris 1836). 3731.,
Itfi v a i f l i i n n m . f m m m ifiitti (tiitit 111)
viii (Paris 1837), 8, 17; ( A i ) J. W. Zinkeisen,
'Siuf Ufiewii iff%5 ufiu itc n i m 11C1 m H
Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, ii. (Gotha,
Itfi tfi? 'Siuf? ufsttcH (iitifii f i t i ) utvatfn
1854), 850 1., iii (Gotha 1855), 610 t.; (AA) N.
Itei, mfe tit i m i m iHi n 1 i t m i u f i
Jorga, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, iii
Itfi itu (^. i i i f f f ) lit i i m ifiuf flcn ntfH
(Gotha 1910), 24 1., 329, 334 ff., iv (Gotha,
m icnH m t f tm n H iftm,Hifi i m 1
1911), 229; ( A V 5 ) A. Huber, Geschichte
iri/i8i itf ite fififSm i m m ftitn t f i t i B t g
Oesterreichs, iv (Gotha 1892), 407 1.; (A8) F. m-sH fiwt va Sesicuu itUi f m ifntf fli 1 i n
Babinger, Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen ntfm n wntUt fifiim w titenei ftmtfl i u
und Ihre Werke, Leipzig 1927, 771., 1021. i n I ieitmimS,i^guflimfi?i citiieniti 1
V. J. Parry (E. I.^)/ t w f îHti ilf? cim fns ite iteit fiw 'Qi^f< fti
^'['Tt S lfi=1 f w n nft n m H I ifimm 1
(fntm c5-CTt (Te-snet), fin ci%r fmien (Sne); 'Siufi uwcf? cim fiei inHci itfitm m cmsu
f l mttifii, nttm n n t m m I t m S i m Ht n; n I tit vfin t f mtt ieien uwuf 1 t f ititt, iflHtSi,
f U f i m mtl m?t (Esne), m(j^ (Esneh) sttftl t?m Sfnf, Uim, m f , mtm f&gm 1131 iit men
miî? wf%i ^Sim 1, tu iit.-fl? vg lifsf (Edfu)-? "stffici 1^1 ife-iio '^fei lit iimwntUt.fli vo(^,febri
1 1
fimr?
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Contents
800
? (i) tn Al, Aîs^; (A) m f n C 5 f i f ? , cm iit?ji^'; mm fien fien m m wu fifa^'itiif-n

twAtd.ll, - J s ^ f e - s o ; (o) Evliya Celebi, fnKI I t i t , fei, irm itm ?m i cm cimictfiit? m?ti-n
Ab-"o; ( 8 ) P. Lucas, Voyage dans la Grece ... i, 246 i . ; (Christensen, % i. ),oo) i igft m?m' fim f ifiitf
(ff) V. J. Arundell, A visit to the Seven Chruches iwt t?m mtiit' u?fii? u fntei uu ^ m ifiu?
of Asia, London 1828, 118-32; (b) ^ c m . n fm f 3 Smfiiif Itn mffi??t ifi? mfii
Discoveries in Asia Minor, London 1834, i, 346, itm u n ien i nnite? U 3 i nwi i ^ i ^ n cmueim
k., 11 1-22; (1) W. J, Hamilton, Researches in ifne uflwi mtiit fif^ ^ n i titen n citiwi
Asia Minor, 1, London 1842, 483; (v) F. Sarre. itgtcwj? S^, ifiî, i?-a i f n lit n mtenitficf
Reisen in Kleinasien, Berlin 1896, 167-8; (fe) V. HeUfw ufie? I U ' f f (Historiae, 1, 202) am I f i t f
Cuinet, La Turquie d'Asle, Paris 1890, 1, 850 i . ; Itgtcwm i m t U f n finfe mtiite? fm fli Sfe?
(io) de Laborde-f f^mif, Voyage de I'Asle m'wti (fî'-.mimt?), cimmn cuu?', cnmn cnu?-
Mineure, Paris 1838, 106; ( i i ) I A. s. v. (by i?mfn (fi?ei??m)-n m i m i ? tile itm'ûift
Beslm Darkot), f < i f i # n I ififi I liifie^ m.'^f (f?iw, A I , i<tb) ius mfim
B. Flemming (E. I.^)/ C i f i m t S f i mm ufiwi mtiitc? fm uewi? Sf?ii -a cituum
^ t t ^ f t f (IL^Î) S m f rnin'cnrui^'; tiiti-f^ cuim-n ie?t i ?fio ui'^f ?en ci, i ^ t iriffmmf?
i i w itHtcwi im i t i f i i nft? tntff H ; i c m i rnismen mm Uf f^, fs tit <m, tit mffiistm mm
t i ? ? f i t c i Uf ?j?ft?t ifm (f. Noldeke-c t?tf,
m l i s i t i c m mfîui i c i i m g t i i^t Siifl u n it i
i v s f e , iffff-vJs, 8 8 8 ; Marquart, in ZDMG (1895), f. i.;
m f i c i f l (Achaemenid) i T i U m f l l t f t f l
i f n t i m i "mtiif' (CJJ ^Î ^ ) i i t ^ ^ i mif^ltc i c i Christensen, oob, v s i o - i ) i mumf? UCWJ ItUei U
mi m n t f (Arsacid) m m 'mtiii' n f t n f t sfiiitf cntueim i i litu f^ ufati S-q?, >iit lift- (m) fueif
itfti (Parthian) i f n t c n i5.ii Sitftt f n i m m f i
'Si [(a) Sparapet Tun] itfieitf? (Mamikonian)
I C U ? t i 1 fn (f. Hubschmann, 240;
c m c n (Choren)-'ira c i t c w i (Moses) ( f f i v i
ifiitc??
f C i t m m
Marquart, Eransahr, 165-7] i

i m f ) i c n , mm m^mfii (Arshavir) [tfit ^tci-
Phrates]-n l U t l i i (Koshm) U l l i (Komsh) i i f i 'm??en it?u fiwen n? uitf uêwm f ? t i 3 e n
cntrnftfi cm*rn:m ift fimftm i t c i timi 'mtlu' T?if?men itfîim i i ? f liimiti^ fiewei
1 * i s i 5 i n i 1 ^ M l l t C i i t i m (Aspahapet Pahvav) f0te? iffl ien i citite? ffi i i t n ifft f?
UCImlt ^ C 1 (5. Marquart in 2DMG, xlix (1895), ?t?fifi?m msm i l l ifie mi^l wtUl (christensen,
635-9; tmmn (Eransahr), 71-2; Christensen, ffoi) I liin mu? ift? f o i it?f l i 'mii?m'-'ii? Itm
L-Iran sousjes Sassanides^, 104) i imft n i j mm i t ; "i'wt5'-m?tf1" (^. SAO) icf tim uf ci^su
m m f i tim ^ît^ mntf-imitmc^ s n u i m m f i mei 'mf?' uiu 'mf? fiuiitm' i 'mife tit tmmm'
mici i t f i m f itc. n (m) ' i t u e i ^ [ ( a ) liîgiiifiuei ( f . wtuff, mT-f'm?u?, imt.
Sparapetl-ici m? n m m i t f i m i t n i n f i e i imitaf S a c h a v i ,fefe;filtf'i-'mU?'A-ffLi, K rfX-'m?ii, Al,
l i itc m r n t i t c i (Aspahapet)-ici (liit i f t '1[i n ffvbfe-c 'tfui?mn' imft ?ft?fei; nt: it?ilci^c?,:""i^
cmfil"-'ira m c i f l i t W l f i Arkhlstratagos i f t i wtf? 1 ^ ? f 5 nft ifim mei); mu? luf^t t f unm-'
?W11 ' l i t f i l t l i ' i m itmn) [Hubschmann, ift?vs. I t m fiei ( f . rni-fif, m-mm^'i-ufiuf,

Armenische Grammatik, 1, 22-3, 240] i i t m n i o i , mj. i o f e , 'mitUl'-iil? Marquart-f Jfn?1 mai?e1;
gnfi? i t n t f i i ^ I i t f i i i c n c i i t i l u i t i f 'mtiil'-'^!? nifen ?tstu?ci?Sitfi ?Hu ifi) 1 . .

f l ?sf11 H t lt?llCfe.Aspabedas i i^t Illfl4 Sitflft fiien tmtiuien Seii m i fiw?ifci? itfti-
f f i m l i s i i t f i n n t i i iit citm (khotan)-ti Hnfe cm u? I citwu AA/'IS8V5 m fsun t n '?Pi^
tit mm' (Spata) l i i l l I C ? ; t i l l i n f l i n m' mi-it?iui-n f i i t "i?if?mcn f?tif tntm?' f i
(Spa) (H. W. Bailey), Indoscythian studies, t f m " - n I U (Tif, ii, A-ssfffe) fifiuficn i m f
Khotanese texts iv, Cambridge 1961, 7, 55); m ife? itfe lit i?en Sesi-m n n uâu u?;
Soghdian-'i) lit IC? I K H i t n f im m I cm iitf t n ' i - ' ^ ' ^ fiegten ittfe ( U ' f f ,
m t f miei? Citm? f i e ^ n w i i m f l i i i t f n t n Historiae. Al,:Afe, 1b--fe/<bfea-fe n ) n t '?m'-iil 'Sm
i m i f iiHcn, i i i f c i m ite t ? m m t i i t ' i t mtgiewi? t n uif?'i-iti-n ficuen mtfe (tni-mfm, 8 i ,
tntf fimn
t . l i .
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Contents
808
vSfeff-, VO-<\oi n ) 1 lilt tltntW? timfr H^lHo mw i e n (iuf, A I , iesi-b-) i ift? nft cifficitfn
fgt t m m H m t (TtU m (g. A . D . Mordtmann, ? j ? A i ? C l U m i f i g m'u i t f e i ? ue? citfi nit Hfic i
in ZDMG, oo'^. ib-lfe %, iio-A; R. Vasmer, El' Hflft? if?i A o o / b - i e - n m-u'fcn fimt i t i i
Mazandaran amilt? fgt nft? lf?Plt) I vilt tft^mn fifift iteei '5?tm ite i m "tmtim i t ^ iti"->a?
viit
1mR iv'cn (so-iSiMo-iffb- n ) ; lat itcnt fitmnft itittu fim m n (mnt^, mnt? um, mrr.
mrnlw % n ?im ^ tfn T?ifwm? ff^tft Westenfeld, i i , i<tb-; Repertoire, i i , J A - v s , I t i i v b ) ;
??f (g. m?ft mntf) I fif i t f T - i t i i i ii titnti Sufi unten i u i wm
'HiRiw? ftioj m m cmiim îpttti: ftf? ?tmt U v s u m u I uif^xn n m f f u i cmif? ? j f e i
tn^m- nft ?i?m if? mten m m fn iifnmm m ftms tmmt? i f t ?j?i5 ite C l U m s 8 b - i / i o & 8
m?r fnt^?nn I A ^te vvafe-so m) i tmt mfitei n uiu 8 b - b - / i o S i f f m mf? tfitm- t n msHfi m-
?r>fif?tff ??f??n (jjijû. jj.ji_>)->a? i f ^ -snfnt 1 ? i iît f ? f U f i m 'mf i ^ i i t i i e i Hif ifiu f i ^ t i ii?H
cmg? cn i t n fien ffiut m m t n nHi J L ; JL-*) . ufime? uen (tifH-mf?,, i o i , ^bo; tif'i-ufitfif,
((jjL_5 (g.) I ifif m-f^sffii-n miei w?||f? i m mf1 f i U i U , imt. Amedroz, 130; meu f . i f f b - ) I
(mitif) ficgli ititen usu i m iei fuei ffiia ifiem Sewi i u m ci, i/ iAi imf? wf?
ci?t n I tfi fiesrei " # i - t f m , t u n t i luiti, m i e ^ f l i t i m i u fiwf i i Hfcif (Spaspeti) [im
m m , fitm tfi iif?i, fsuf [itm I C I ] u f f a ^ H - cmif] Ulf tmtnti i f ^ itc Si, 'mf? mtnrf'
ffifi" ifiit I t f ifien (?tff, ^ftm, AHI, m- *î, f ?5l|ft? iu{., i m
Itfiim m m ât m itwitcn leir nff?ten i i v s S ; M. Andronikashvili, Studies in Iranian,
?mt5jfiivs t u n t i Siffi ?i?m ifien i vît ?tift m? Georgian linguistic contacts, Tbilisi 1966, 371-2;
fim? n? itc icmien f i n iHiten c?i i??fiti mis g. tmtnrm) i
i # ftfiu Itci, fien iît ??en fift itm ie?j fisf?ft i f i f s ( i m S%fi Snm^ mrvs-g.) ( i ) T .
(8vb-vbovb/iol8-J>Aio 1 1 ) tH^?lf??il (f. I t n t m ) I t C I Noldeke, Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur
iHfS I iitlel titnti'' i f ^ 1 1 / i M itf? infiei Zeit der Sassaniden, 139, 155-6, 437-8, 444;
?tvs?t5jf1 1 1 ^ ?iwf? Sitfi ftite? ?j?i! ia?t lilt ( A ) H. Hubschmann, Armenische Grammatik, i,
m m 'ftf? im'-cun nft iti fie^ ficimci un 22-3, 239-40 ; ( v s ) F. Justi, Iranisches
^ (f. t n timjfim, tfi-t iuf?m, mrt. t i u i , Namenbuch, 306; ( 8 ) J. Marquart, Beitrage zur
Al, ili, m- Browne 255) i i e fUlf"1-^ im Geschichte und Sage von Eran, in ZDMG, xlix
(f^f?) t n u t u f t f ^ oA/iAo m fitumemi i t e i (1895), 635-9; (ff) C i n , Eransahr, 68, 71-2,
tmtnwi, muiuRii, m f n i m i i im? m m 131Hr65-7; (vb)'A. Christensen, L' Iran sous les
iUituufîiififmn?HuSesim?i Sassariides^, Copenhagen 1944, p. 99, 104, 130
_ uu itf^Hm m m ifti-if%i vs ifiî-f? cmif 1, 138, 336, 370-1, 518-21; ( 1 ) Spuler. Iran,
umfen fiitvQ Sftfift if?f^ fli i fiufi Smf? (iu index; (b-) H. L. Rabino di Borgomale, L'histoire
8sf/ioi mtf)-ij? mtei fm->a? tmtim f^cn; du Mazandaran, in JA, ccxliv (1943-5), 216-21;
Tsfen
f m m fn fin-t u m f fit (ut. itntf, mfium-t (&) irm m-uu, m-mntf"i-tmfiu i, meu i j s f f b -
nfi if>i-b-) I tmen iiiîtfe Itfiim um? ( . , i v s J s ; ( i o ) W. Eilers, Iranisches Legngut im
f n f m m , tmen Svg? vs f ^ fit ;ium Sitfift? arab ischen Lexikon" uber einige Berufsnamen
i 5 n fll I Ufcn t m m flcn ui^~ fufimen f t f ? und Titei, in Indo-Iranian Journal, v (1962), 215;
cit n i um?ei? mTi, ituenei cniif i?m f m ( i i ) U.U.t, A l , I
ffvSJ9-8o
(g. mtfit) feo/ioj9 m fmm t n fifm? iffi C.E. Bosworth (E.I.^)/uem Ufi
mn uct? utf 1T uffm if?e u f iHe ufiuflen ^TCtfi:^ (ispendje) s 'Smtf itntm f f iiftewi
(1Uf, Al, -iAovb, iAib-; f. ivsoo) i t m m f 1 t 1 ie?t i ^ f i i t ^ 1 ? ^ I f l f i m ? Sn meufi i? fien (Orfi-
i i f e / i v 5 i m um-? tmtnti f m m fli m - 'S?f) I umi ien ifiui fn mifii A* m i m
viit
tiirn (g. Justi, Iranisclies Nsimenbuch, 142) (Akcas) [c?tU fsr] I -u^fft? 5J,U% i m e i i r t n i^fis
m??cn fiUcfi ifnruf? ffim unen cmui= ftite? u t e i , mm? viiifS ' C i l f w i ' (Pendjik), Hammer-
tmf fiicm
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Contents
804
Purgstall, (Staatsverfassung i, A i o )TO?w t ? f t t t ? t ? t t C t ? WA?1? S^ tct? R t T ^ tfrot Scat ?sfAAfC^,

cttwt (Spenza" C. Truhelka, in THIM, i, ^ o ) i f t t f ^ ^tC f t S TOfAR' TO? W f t ? A t c ^ f t S 't?f?R'-ii)?
ATMJT C4HR s t ^ r a S e , T O 4 TO I SiR/i(?t ti:w stttlct ttl
trai 'fifj^ TOtt M t e t t e r (Ispence) ( t t t H. ^?t?f^ tRÎtfwt? ?54 ^ffi( ?fTOi '^ff ttfrofs
Inalcik, t t t . , Suret-i Defter-i Sancak-i Arvanid, t W t A t ^ C ? ? srr^-ttRTf f C t ? t f A t t sti? f ? s ^ Wl?t At? RT I
WTflAt iS>0-8 { . , i O o ) I fSTSlR fittt t t l ^ f t m tItHltW ' ^ t g f Wt?T TO C t , tt tAt l i l ^ T O f t A f t ? ( ( j l _ L A j ) - i i ) ?
R t i t t t TO? S c g t tT<3?tTO(Arvanid, i o ) i StfsSs^ w f c ? fiR (11'wtf^, '8?T?P'R-fRTO, R t t . Zotenberg, %
tw? (v*/i8oi; g. Sa; w r o ? o o ) Wftte? ' f M ,
5 - f e i ) 1 A1W<1 lilt R t t f ^ TOISI? ^s,tf%t trttTT SfTO4Mc^
1??tM f ? ^ ^tc
't^tR? C?ttT t 5 f W t T O ?5?t A f t o I lilt
?tf ItTOtCtRf&tfTOWlf?(oi-;l j^lJ'TOtRiJt'
f?t?nR? f ? ^ ^ c?ttj f g t t ^ ? t w
IttlAtf?' (_) ^ ...
ttra stft ?.t
^tC S ^ c i l ? ? ^ ^ffR-WtRtRStfa
W t T O ?3?t A f t s I f R t ? ftft SAlttW? 4 l ^ - ? I t t A ^5lf?te?
?T?ic? SArc4 sttf? ? # A t ttfro I l i t ^ f S 4fl WtCA,
(MOG. i, A V - f e ) s i T T O s f ? ? t f t o t t l t t W f f o t T T O f t t t t t C ^
? W ? A(J- C ? t t J t5f 4f?t 9fCS At I t f t 1^ W f t f t e t ? C4t?
^ lilt ^ t ^ ftATOrt? J > ) , tR'Ft?1^C??
}f^??^ t p 5 1 ^ t l f 4 'StAt " ^ e t RStet? TOT'S t t C t t t W ?35i\5lC4-? iil?5|^ 5tlR AtAt t ? A i t 4 l C R ( i t Rtet t ^ f ^ f ^ I
f ^ At I iot/i^t 'S i i t / i l t t e 4 ? ?5lf^ W f t f C ? (g. 8</ioR tC4? ^ t l R f A t t t tWtAt^?C?s SttlRf?4fC?
O. L . Barkan, Kanunlar, t ^ t l R i J i 8 o {., W3?;t f t T f C ? ? W?TR '<t|4'-?iCt Scat 4fllAtC^ I ^fntf?
tf?tft TO ?Tt ?3?t A t I ?lt'S ? s R a t A t A * c?ttT t T O AC tAt^ tA?f^ flR lilt "^Rt4-"-RfCAS t A A S f R ? RC?T
(Ao CAttT t g T Kerkuk) f 4 ? ? T C ? % 3 ( o c?ttT f g T s t t ^ t t t ) TOtcf^ 'e?^fef I little? f ^ ?1W1? i i l 4 f ^ f?fM Rt?-ff
?T? ?5?t A t I C 4 t ? W5?fTO t t f t t t c f ftft^ AtCR lAtC4 f i R , C R t f ^ TO f ^ 'CRITO StlRT?' (jj i _ x l 3 ) I Wf*l?lfttt
t f : t ? C 5 t ? t l ? ? ^ ^ c ? ? T t 4 c ? ^ tg.l (bennak resmi) ( A t t f fiR tTf%'^ TOAtAg^; tt^tAft? 'SlAtRtet?"ttft'^tfftet?
w ) StTO 4f?C ^ I R?Ct? W ? ^ f R ? WtTR f l R IRtt <ilRr4lfSct AlRt^ TO^TO
'S^ttft t1t?5tt ttct?cwc4 ?Tf^?5? (Poll tex) f t t t c ? f w t ? RtTOI p^tP^fft Wtsc^T aftet? R?,tTT f i R 8 o
WtAt f & f B c ? ^ (Cift-resml)-? f ? 4 ? t ftpTtc? f?C?5?T ^flc? ^te do^ I C t t ^ f t c t t ,TO,W t ^ WtTttT -spRtft Ss,ttft
AtAt Timariot-il s t f S A t i I R t f W t f R t f SC?t tR4t?tê?? WtR?s t f ^ A l f ^
t A t sttct C%tt? f t l ? At
(Stefan Dushan) ttgtcwT ? T f ^ 4 ? f t t t c ? s t t t A ? TO? RtR Seat ?#?fte^ i ftAfeti? RCAT.fActt Seatetttr f^c^T?
t c ? % 5 t i f t t t t ^ t t tAf srsfR ? i c t ? I A t c ^ f r s f # i 4 t f t ? ? f t t ? C ^ WtCRffs t t ^ ( j j -l<- SFt?fAtt
C ? f % 4 t (Kapu resmi) 'S^ttft tltAttc^T t t c t t c w f t t t t A
1 ^ ) ^ WT^'R-fSitft^ iftS t f t f A t ^ WTR-tt^Ft?t^
WIÎA 4?T A? I wt'tictltsic i o A / i M tc4 t A t '^fe:'îf
(f. 81i/io1V-fe) f?f? f?wrt'R-fR4-<il? W i a f ^ TOS,4tf
ftctt ?5??;ct TOf A? I 'tf?4 A t T O t *wttC4tt t t Rl
rTO f ?wrc??'ttT t^'-|?tfWR ?5?1 4R?tfACt"t 1 t A t
4f? tAr?rt t t c t t c w 4 ? A t c C ? A t t i t (Voynuk,
lAtf? rCtT? R ? W t ? t e ? f snft?R tATRfC^
doghandji, eflak, etc.) i f t T O ? tC?T tTAtAt tf?c ? f s i
W?Tt (. G. hazard. La langue des plus anciens
?# f4?At f ^ t t tTAtAt f t t A t A t A? litTOAtc
monuments de la Prose Persane, t T l f ? R i f e i b o ^.,
WATtAf t i t Wt?T ^ f4??T i A C ? t t l f g T 4f??T f t I RtTOt
tRCttCW t t f t R??tAC4 ftc AtCR'S t ' t t ' S ? s t t ' a ^ A t
fe8-^) I tfTOtte?? wt? iil?s f W l R flCRR t i t f ? fR1?
Rl^f?-(i]?[ S f ? WT5'R-'(5|iWtt A H f R t ? ? WlARTfT W1R-
?mC4tCta TSfAt A t I
I W A t T t?ttlCH 1TO WTf?4
tt*p|<llrf ( f 8 o 8 / i o i v 5 - i 8 )
st^t#t s H. Inalcik, Osmanlilar'da raiyyet
?5? wtc?Tet? -fr^ w f t ? t f R t e t ? Ste? Atsll^t ?fR?t
rusumu, in BeUeten, xxUi (1959),>boA-v, 'J<??1RA I
i&fAlfR?s '^% Seat 4 f ? ? t c ^ ( f . Barthold, Turkestan,
H. Inalcik (E.I.^) / W t f W t A t t ? t f
( c r u j i j ^ l ) stAtCt? t^lRtRtCtCt?S^-
^*lPl'5ll51'(
tT?etT tcsftt' wfAtR4leR ctRttf fc?t (Subetey)
tf%Ct W ^ f ^ m^ CSjRtTO?,t R R t C t ? S f t t f t ? ? f C t ? 'il?# ibil/iAAo RtCR fttf? Ate W t f t t t t R t # R - i i l ? *^?,R Rf A?
tA? I tf^Ct fwtt t t A S R Atc sn? f t t f ? tt% f ? ^ 1CA
TOR; f?lRTC?? S^-tfl5ttt3R"(tie?T ^'SAl??, W t W t f t
f t R t f f t ? SS? W t f ^ , R t ^ f f ^ RtTtt ? t l R - t ^ t f
w i ? f f ? t R w % ^ ) stetet? w t T f t i w t j c r o ^RTO ?5t R^fst^
TOt f?C?t, ? f l ^ - W S t ? t M t ^ sJAtft ^tSt t t t - t 41ft?-
A? ?fR?T te? A ?TO?^ O o / i A O O RtC^T t A t e 4 f<tttC?^ R C S t R
'Stf AtC?Cfe I R ? T f C t ? t t R t f WttCR f t t ^ ^tC W f t ? t?? IB? T^S^ ( C i n - T e m u r ) - i i l ? W?!?'?, w ? 4 "^tf? R t f R C 4 ?
t w ?tf^tfwi4tt l i t R t f l ? ? St? f A A f t^ttlMTO?^ t t R f W t t t t t ? t f e ? ?ttT A ? ('^'Qtttf-Boyle, it., i S i J j - A t , 8 v i ) i
t t R t f f?tC4t?
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Contents
n *rtfm tn 5ftf-? I t m ^n-s n H tm.imm n i Segi tm ffi? n ?i fi i w tm

t,>l*Pl?l*rW
i^f%ttf m fHst t-5tf?H ttHnm^c ?ntfi? w i f i ? t ? I t n ?n ?e? mi'mf im -mstmi

I i m 1
ici' f ? fci fH i m ffim i l l i m nt m n cwm

s1% Sm I îii%n mm vs m iMfkn mm (?#m f i e i i i m i m m f n ffi? I t i t e ^ t m n f m i i s i v s
f5t timw Hi iHmvs wtiT m I f i s ? i ie?i mt I it??tfi?rfiei? ic?^?irei?
iimfkn mm ti*pwi*fi miiti incii iHi (anthropomorphism) 9^Fm I t i t i t n fmei? ml? fH
s ^
^mm m]m iiH %f nt Smmm m iti mâm^t mmi imi viin n ifii? Hfs im nH i m , mm
tit i^Hst mr I W W ioo'js/iffs.i i m H i i m utifm m'mfm leim nt f'mfifment f i i t ? fn I mi'mf
Hmtn Scwmtir i iî/ivi i m i miitiu i i m mm fien f ' I t f i f iei? fianfr mmi tfi, -^fsm, -rnitfrnn
sti m*R m^ I isitn iin-t H^j^ti im iHH titmit ifH I t f m l i " f i m tnrmtf? mntm Hif n t vs
v ^ ins imen cit timit^ i n (f. Yate, Khurasan m n i m t f'mfif mntm f i i t ? f l i I fH m - m H ^

and Sistan, 'J. i imtci tnt^fH mm i^Hitf m:im Hut m mici i f ien i H mtn? Hmtim (5.
\5iv-v<)
vs Sii, 151^Se.mim mi Hii i is^ffb- ^. n itc tm t n t s ) memi 4i?mci'i nt Hmi ifien ci, m^fim
t'sttiic-r? m^ mitit Hm it it^Riw iHi ititci i cwm ?nmit mficn f'fwm-n fe?,Sif itc ite? m 1
i m i n l i m t m i^ . m^fim mmite? imim iiriitm nite? fH f'mfif
r i f i # t si/ i o i imm fcitiHiicn (m'ff, t n n t t m i H mf?,:?Hm m-'^'sm?fi ^ m ifimen 1 m -
g
m^mti, fiimf, I'if'i-'miii) is(i<>f c HH^^mn Scwi mHmfi.iH it? .^nem fH vait^ti? fnm mf i^:^
itnt m, g. tii^5i^; mf, wfti, i i , A S v b ; (A) ^ j t ) i t i t tm ie ?i?i im m m ) n t fimm
(i)
itl'mf, m^m, m vava b^sa, (J-S* b;

% i b - ; : ( 8 ) Barbier de Meynard, Dictinaire vojcffii mfnf?!? ?H?fei Sm ?nf?if
(vaX'îmMsft,
3Fftf^ vs
i f i % imtm? I lit ie? Hifc fH f'mfif m--mn

15.
geographique, histdrique et litteraire de la Perse,

illHl i W i i t-j ^8-ff,^ff5; (ff) C. E. Yate, Khurasan nH ifim ?fiei ci, min itfm f ? m mm*^
1
and Sistan, lilfillt^ i J 6 o f, f vsb-o i.^Cis) Le Strange, i t c fi? men m--mfiitf? mt? ffi itfn 'îs.i?m
1
f. B. R. Spooner, Arghlyan, The area of f i m I t n (y... <:)-nmit (concept)-? niit if?c

vasivs; ( 1 )
Jajarm In western Khurasan, In Iran f i i ini. C5tt i m , m mi'mfien i?tei t m cm '?^ f ^

Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies- m I cmt lilt n m v i m w m -m^ti? i n ? ^nm?
imfi, v s i . (i>v5sff I
'^.), < i - i o v
(Omnipotence) S n cwf? fi t f'mfif l?fm lfl
C.E. Bosworth (E.I.^)/ntn ^ f t n vs i^H mi'mf ie?fiemfim -^fimf^H vat
rH-^*i*n-î*t^ (îjj.^vi) smf tiiim- tntfi 1 cmi ifien ci, ifien imm fiteif f:
t n fitmi t n t n t % t n Himi ,mi-fiiawtf ficn m?iei mirt imr W T i t t -mfcn l i i n im i'm?
mi'mf ii^Hi v s i t H t i l # i ,ffi/ mc miif#s iei mimf (^jikj V
i i i i m i m ?
. i j K " ) mmi itfm
fmin t n f m (f.)-ii mi'mf i i m T p i m i m i fie itc??lit imm fH fiemfim ic?i I
1
mi:tfmmfi-tii, iiti mimei im,fH Sif

-Hiiit^,
i f i f s ( i ) m-'îif, fim? miH'i-fi-tift'i-
itm Itfim H i l tvaffi/ i m iei mi-mHmf (g.) itfitmtg n t t . G . Vltestam, Lieden iS>'5s8 % , i o 8 ; (A)
1
vs t n fmei? lfl i m fH m^'1-itm mi-mftf-1 s[t^'==r-'x[S!Tiit? m-tiitm^, m-miiH H'l-fi, n t t .

ifi^
mfmf n^ ,fim 1 mi ifien mim

^ 1 ifim tnt m-'m^t? rni-imf, ?n?em i J 8 6 f., <bb;
iti
(vs)
n fH tfitm^ fimm i m 1 m fHfmii im? t i i n m i - f ? f , imiTf"i-fiim", mim

voftf H.,
ivsffi^
miMi i l l i m I mm mi m n H itntm fifu* mr 1 ( 8 ) m'mf, foi. 33v; (ff) m - f t f f f , 'm-'îmm

iovjs;
m m fiH mifm nrne? fH itntf 'mfiiiei? m f i i fiv^'i-fim'H-m'fti'fit^,~imr. R. N. Frye,

fiei H n s i i / i o A o ite Hfi
1 mH' nfwci The Histories of Nlshapur," The Hague
f i t f ?
iW-isff
Itfi- -Hm men len-mfmim .mtf i m i-fii?m foi. 25 f; (b) t n 'mmfii, -t?ff itfiH'i-fiif ,~mit.
8iv/,cjR?mf : i o A . i m ffi?. ntfitmtei.mfim tit?
m-ff>^:. mfiii i v s 8 i H., A v s 8 i.; (i) m - f f f
I t i i m im I: :b-hl. i A i . i n y i i a r .iiimi mf^ mmitf'i-itH'ti If i-fim, iticm m. H.; v s f ' i i i - 8 ' ' ;
1? 11
J
tmitmfimm?5f?c mfiei;i.-. , ( V ) m i t f ' i - f i mi-?i?tf, tmtf'i-ir?fi, nit. f ^ i
>ttfi'^ f i l l (Sff"i-fii-i,). mm f?ie? fifi tm 'rni^'^-iTirmvm?em i i > 8 H f., * 8 , ' V 8 , cj.8j!>; (^) t n
im?f?.icm cmHt fimti mt 1 fif i??f mtifci 1 t f % m , i t 8 ; ( i ) Brockelmann, S I, ii>ife"rimHms
tnrf fimn
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Contents
( i i ) M. Horten, Die Philosophischen Systeme der fm, mmi vavsi-aH im itit ieiilt ftHm mei i A.H vs
Spekulativen Theologie im Islam, Bonn, 'mnen mnen n mms iS)iA ''I., n f titi l t d *[ 'wm'
ddb t.; ( i A ) A. S. Tritton, Muslim theology, (mf f ' m n , mfit itei i ibrS)/b-o8-ff m ifm }. i8)
iS)81 1 iV8 imsH? iHH^

2tmS mfm-mfi, 8H imrni- itm ifi f m i mm ifi itf^
S (ivs) I H - ^ ' G i m f ,
lH-ilfst1, H. Klopfer
m t . ItTOt i f , m t m vs fiit^mien imti^fii itisfiii ti'itm^^c
iSxbi }., ft.;
(i8) 1^ c m , mt. 'SR. ;sTrtt. fUt -a â. la. ' j n ifim cn i t m n mat A H i m m timm-n
m T - t ? m ,
'm^H-ltfl, mTOT m.H., vm i m m u f ^ ?nei (mf f'mn, 'j. i8; ititm t n fitm t n
vsivb, vsvs^ I
srsitl 1im s J. von Ess, Die Erkenntnislehre Itm f f , mfi-t

(iff) m . itfiif wtitfm-fi fimf,
des EAddaddin al-ici, Wiesbaden %, f^, cim iS)voff[., 'J.
iS>'bi5 f.i., ffi ifm m - A8-ff, Ab- ioi) I
ticm. twtir^ I f^tfii tntm ite 8H m i l nt fim^mn mmm

W. Madelung (E.I.^)/ m n i H ê latiH foil itm mt-ci âiH f?itiei iii iflm
^f*M*.H 8 m % 5 J,! d a.rî 11' wrafci m'nw t m mvs ifiin mn ien i msn iS)Hnmi-, iH fm
istbiRvo,tmen m^ *tn ini, imt iti-timit% m v s A f f o o i m n r n t n n t i i i i f i n i ^
S m men i < ci-tmtitf (mmuf, trnm mittn cmn itntfn t i m m miHe tntm-Hfsn-va?
t i i t m ,
m . I t i m wtltf"i-fi lntf, cnti t. ti.,ff-^b)i f ^ ( i i t i f i i tSHt)-ia? f i m imi-ira isl

m H m m l a t fiH i m i i f fn i Site fn vH f j i -s
i I t H m
initti fRKt ^sfm fiH^ i m itiiH itmei i iaitiifli vîiiitenfi?ffiemii wH i lat

8 o o i m
nffi mi Svg^-fi f^fitm nft i if%t-f^ f j ^ H ^ Iff itHimitm'm' f i t r n m -if^

ItH itm imtfiw, 8o"itH- itm
C l f l S m vs
fiimmn inm'î^,'^'fi^'^''s i f ^ c f - ' U ^ f m litiim, Sm isii),

vs
Avs.
mif^mft immu m nft i S m c m cm f^ i i itm f msit inHi ifi^ mH, b-oitHm itm mmim,
f t s^5i
itoovs Svg?-if%ei ffim, m m , ' m t m f^fiei bo mH itm imi, Sis^Hci VSA U H itm ffivg^
I S m
I t m r , m i T nt s ^ * ite
if^îfiei
a Itm ft
ItH ittm; imfl, AO itH itm fiim
s ^ ^ m
vs :ffb-.
wivsmn vsiMn cwu u f i f i citmn m m n s ^ (Itifm fUtf 1-f mt. G. Le strange, ffotvsf, f l ,
fifift ?tft?m I mtf inmen mtei tit nft -s^^ff i m f. f. ifi r iSiiS) 8b-, ffo-i)
ini?lid d#?r litm (mi fl (f. Christensen, L'han ^ 1 iei tiitim nH, ieii itit Sei i S)H
Sous Sassanides^, cmciicicn f, f (tob) \ m ffci fiws; ieiilte fiiwm-n S ^ nff m m fli
i588
' S m tn*^-itm (m) m-s ifli mwr wen iHmt mei 5i f ^ I tite fll m, fim, fntw vs itfrn ( n m
i i m t i?^[m-tai imii'mHci fH timti memi Ifi m m mm), fifm, wmfm, imfimi^ f iimt
i m
imm< cn-i inftei fiH imm m-fim iflm ien n, (imfi^ten iffci vs .tiititen fei itmim-im i % Si
S m ien m m mrmrnwrn ^ i t ? i v a t ^ t t ^ fn)-'at mtH mm; mwrmm vs ffim (iti m itiHm)
S m
itins m ittn ( m t i i f f t , f f i , mem iS)ffi ^^j., A I , litt ^ f t 11111; mtm, mfi', f i m f , 'iit -s fpm-iit
voii-A; m, f'mii; Geschichte Isbahans, mt. S. mH mHm, mm n m ifi fn fimmii (fitmi fiif
Dedering, I t t c n iS)i ; iHlllf, 'J. b) i t n fi'tm flm m-tmititf, fifi-t wnm f mffii-
% , i i , Ai
m ' m f mil vs fintm tutmcn iîfH itei m m timm, mt, .it#n ffit, cim i5>i)A-^s Ai-A,
mmnmwm u^ni ^ m ^ i i H men m fim ifimen A5>l5-v5vo>b; A. Houtum-Schindler, Eastern Persian

vg
( m m t t m f i - t imf, imt. firm w i v s m itifi, Irak, }., f. iA<?-fe) i mf? mci itmflw
151 ivS)b- vs
csim f, f m ' m nt liHif mm mei ?imri-n iit.m fid

t i i t m fwm men i^fs^ f j i s f i e Sfii iei iten itiit ^ m (itm m imi
i^<?s>-i5o vflAvb) I
'm?iii i ^ . R f w v o l t d
mt'jciSit fll cifim i iji/iAi imi Sm t m - t 'mm WtHf I t m f , mfi-t fifi-t wtiH vsm'-Itm-t-wtm,
mei iflfi fll (G.Xe Strange, The lands of the Hf, m. H., 'J. i-bb- f.) ifim iten i f n timimeiJnH
Eastern Caliphate, fff, i itim ie ititm cstm m--fimi (iiiflm)-n iitm-infi mitei Sit
iVff) vs
mvfiifvsftm itc finti, m m^vg fg^ i t n vs ioi Sfm-iiii - i f ^ n I msi m^^lmici mm i ^

lfifm i # tntifcn fmm fif fn i Sit mi-tnif fll i t n t f i T ^ i t i H i t , fimmi, mn, :mififm m^
fci fnft Sim, ?mmi-,
vsoH tfw,ffifwm im -s (Itm ' I t f i f ,tntm"it^;fiiiw-tt^fm't vsmtfHitf,
iAoH
iH n f itm IfiHi; iiem 8 H itm n g n A timm is>ff>b-i f., f. ij) ivsiSi/is8i-A'iei?imeitf

îti m
I
t m f f i m n
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Contents
t n itms (i(?(? ^.)-t ^ I t f i fiî ?T?ft? n i ?Hm

mrntam, m r t i t m f i m t m itmCTmfim iqmt t n u^ mm ien 1 tlfs i f i t f m ir??tit m^[fii i t f i
tfi, iJ^CNi-l f mm CrnilUt #5f1 b-,b-o,oA1 w n (i^, m m . mft? m n I f i i w t i itc m ^ ^ i t f i w f i
%(to)\ i f f t ? Sic? iAft f t f vg Aft I f t f cif mm S? f ? itfss I
sifs^ mi^sm fim tii'KH n # M&nif< atm i
f w titen licnft? nfte i f ? S? f e ? cien itfi? '
fimim mt?rniteititc ^ mfim ntitnCT? imc??ii i f f ^ wm mntm oft f i fifi im 1 ? 1 Siten stmt
fi[ ifsttmCT? nt S ^ ^ s^-if%CT? miffi
nt? 11311^,
i i m - tm^m. Smut mmiei fifi 1 ? if^'^ti, ( t n
timtn? i f % Si? ifmfi nffi lamt nt fui Svg?-ic? iAi, % Ob<t-b; fitm fiif, 1. ib-i% Houtum- J8-io8;
mf? fitcs? cwitifi itm tit tfi I fimm mt? iSchindier, % i i m m tifm?-t timm,
ifltcf? m?j cwit>8fiT;t ^m iitfiiCTitn
i l i b r ;
f 4lw
îmfimf? tiitm, m . m^j^n ffm, cim ij^-bs-ff
mîmm vsmfmfii iotJ^^m^?tmCTsitimm f. 0 1 1 . ; A.K.S. Lambton, The Regulation of
mn? mfii '^m mfitfim <t tf^ m? iif'^tf stmi
ithe waters of the Zayanda Rud in BSOAS, J/o1.,
m:n-iiif2ti i %5?mi S^-iPsi
i t i i w m? Ifntci fim
1. vbifevs-ivs) I fntt-n Hit fifi c a i H ff^
i i S i o i - j ^ 'sj.,
ifiî-f? itc I t f ntft it?t
f i i 1 mm? mntart
Itei
mt m?ii ifei mmm iren m ij(j-8 f itf^ im itci
f m c n ^ w t ? Sic? f i n f i I mi^^wtgmft iitapCT :Sif mi m m t v ^ c n mfi? m i ^ m? 1 iiei mmntn
Itei
mi VG tie]? m mfim iet 1 1 1 ^ Hntsfie %nfei iiat ifiumft? fSm ien 1 im Swtfimf m ' i t ? ? t i
tieH mfim ^ciâ fntei mi ffit f ? cmf 1 ? m 1
fntt-n ifSftif fie? i m fim ffsfjt itfte men,
tiititen i t # ^ mm? HfsH? t m 1 mi% fif mf%? fmt mft i l ? j * * 1 ? 1 fntt-n f? fim
f ? t fiifi
ii?f5? mntm mfii i f o v j s . i c i . nt wtfmff

Itei leif^
jifmm? mien ien fill men mei irm f^
Sm mniaft? mfii i-a.O ci; itf? m ^ 1 1 1
Itemi
Itei nfi**
imtm ifiium mi im mr Citfif, % H8) I i j < \ o f ittfi
ois/ hob, o88/h<t<t-<ii m ntitftiiei cm cmen 2ngf?
icwm -^"t m "mim m Semn im 1 ? 1 f^dt itfi? ntiei
n ?fim mtft ifileai fifi?^ ?ftmei (Von Kremer, iitm I t n laiime? 1 i ? ^ l ie?CT,ic?ilw*ilf[?* itH m
Culturgeschichte, fem A L , 8 & A ) 1 mm
ib-iff
i n - a m'^'smf witfHc ie?i ie? mt 1 wugi .at CT,
8 A / i o v o i - A m Sm manel a itwt? dtei? f f j 1 ?
|Sit "an itm mtcei I
(tnl-utf?, J i , f . A J o ) I lei-s
snffi tnrtf îtifimmm teiei, mm^f,
tit ? i f vio/ieoi-b-
n cm^m-mntm, ifit'S'i-m'mn, mt.

^ t i m ?
c?ten sftfsti
fitm mf', mem i J 8 i 1 mft'S'f-m^vam ife?{? m f tfm ^mtn t ^ fitmi t ^ itHm-fiit

i i , iio)
ioh/v(to i e i n m mii ffimf itci laitei ?^ cmi |itf (^K-sîtt-t miifn-t t f ^ F t i t i , mrr. 'mmm tmti,
1I3I
fii mr (Houtum-Schindler, % iA8; fiimfi fiif, 1. | C s i ? t i is8S-fl-o ^.) mu i m sTtfti tTr^ptm^ V Q
Jib) I i# êft i t ^ v g ^ vg sttirm? iff ifimen 1
fi?m>ifi vg mm misiiCTim ^ i-sfci mtm i - ^ i T wiei im, n , itf^, mt is"f f l i

2t#(.at mifi ijf m m ftei ifiitei cien i^nf^ v s ? 5 ^ f c f ?wtf f l l (Curzon, Persia and
wm i f ? Itfi, mt f m itfi
11m mr 1 ti'ifiten the Persian question,
m i ^
ibrSÂ J^'^-, 8A; 1 ^
nffie i<-i(f f t feist mfi m (firm f i i f ,

i f ^
ifiimi f
^ . iAfl-), (inwti 'o itfnwm i^ntim),
vo) I m ^ 1 1 itin 1 3 mfi f 1 m itfi? ?
f i i f , ^ t ^
ôimti, fif%^ ^^sifw, mtit fitfti ft, f f 5 ,

aitn
fiîtf i^sm nft ?m it?t itft? 1 mrnim-iii it mnt-m

(titei t n mm, i t i t ? i f m m mfti-?ii im murf? ?s?i, 1 ^ , wtmti, Hit ant? itmfif ^ i ^ n ,
icn) i f m?itfi lie? iffiif mf itei S,i^ it?t i?ifsf, mfsf, fif%^ wtem m, utifir mm ^ fit mm
fimm mt? mies? fifs S n f ^ê i f itfi itm (tmr it^-ti, Ai, v5'bv5-i; f f t ^ f , ' j . - b ^ - < ;
timten H?,fim ifim-f^fiei mft ^m mem mft? t i ^ i f , iisv-AQo; 'J. so m ^ ^ f t i i r ? , 'J.
infiei m f ^ iffivsmf witffic f i f i 1 ? 1 CTfiiwti i.; itni wtmf i m t f , ^. i-bb- i.; fitrni fiif, ^.
mm? mrnm-iii timm nffie aten ifiiten, cit f R i V A o , ii^2-A<f) t i ' ; f t i m ? f m i fijvoijjRivoi V Q
^c itfivsmf-11? f l S ^ i f n s f fiiwti, m f i , wt?, rniftW? wm fiUt^ (A! K . S . Lambton, The

itmfiw, mtm ^ ?iiM itei? ( f t f ? t C T Persian Land Reform/1962-66. I ^ p t ^ ^ iJ^vbis
if<Mfci io^ft
mfi mei'ifft) mmei cicp? itfi m m ie? 1 mmf^ % isff) I men i i t i i w if?meii ci, # m s f p
t n t f fiiem
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Contents
cim, i t ? , ufitTf Hml^ m # i , u f v o c ^ 1?^ Ut?fi n i n cu<j"StiC4 fffftn m t i <)>?lt?ici Simt

itm ^ i t u n w u ^ mn "5t:co i i a t i mt -in, f f ? i f i u f f T n ic^ fifiu fiuci (f. i m i m fifim,
t i i i ^ j m iw^si mâem isftft^ ^î^cij? liiiH tiHiti % S)i-A) I S m nt A t ? t c i n, itfHiti êt Uffu
tiitm i m ftfffn ?i?ti iHu itficci v b t / i A i ici
i., iii>-Ao), i^fwiô^ti:^ lilt'stit
1
(g. Ctirzon,
'fmtm c?uufii fifiitcn, m ii^ftc i e i t w r n U|f
A
ti^KtC'fî biQHc?' f i w t r i 1 3 W 5 ^ f t w t f i e n I
UI1H0 (Elkan Adler, Jevvish Travelllers, 1^ is>voo
^gwt''#t t^-ipKicH^
> 0 k ^ fpci ^s,"ft Cirmi
f, f (M)iis.iiiumfitn?itiJfiHumiCurzon
^ i u H m i f ( f i ^ i v o , ^5.8^) I efcffiH? m m
itUtftci v o l o o ifium (ii., ffio; W. J. Fischel,
i ; j i # t w t ^f-srWii ^si 1t?Tlci C i i i t m mt ^ Isfahan, the story of a Jewish community In
t m t M H mm ^ l ! t #fnn? s f i t i ^sm 1 Persia, In The Joshua Starr Memorial Volume,
cwit i t c ^ twtiKm iit<3 cities m i m mt fiS t?i^ iS)(jvo % % i i i.) I m 'ii?ui-vSRt I t u m ^spiit
1 1 # ? mt^ m;Tc^ 'Qwu^ 'sf^ VQ f55^ sf^fif ê îcif ?iici i t u H if?u tmHitn? ifiî n H Snc^
vg m 5 R - i m = M inw mt ^ ( i i T i i wtmitr rmif, '5. frfttn liUi i m itci Su us-^îif m t n iHf^ i? i
i V A - o ) mt "s^t^rm cstm ^ m\ % i)>i) 1 iii/iii ici? cm? fici titn? itUt voo itwtn Sft
siOTilti iif%3 fs5f?i 1^ ^ nc'ft m mt - ^ v o 1 ti^flil-i 1 ? I m t f ?tw?fci? in? i? ifim fiitn? i c i
I3f% (^. Olearius, The voyages and travels
titn? I t U f i c n ifiu m i ib-b-S) % 'fnm iff. a itwm
n U l if? (Curzon A l . , fti-vo; L. Lockhart,
l i The fall of the Safavi dynasty arid Afghan
I t e i f ?
of the ambassadors. l ^ i v j j v i j s . f . AAfl^),
Hiti VQ f i w m tewmitm w u ajfm^ f^ 1 ^ f f%sH occupation of Persia, cilHw i S ) f f V f., f. 8 b r 8 - f f ) i

^Q ^sRRtm iHsfi w i H i t i iHw ^c^stm fimm ^3 um mti-<a n ma itui ^ t c i f ? va ^rf^m
mt ^ (nf fwmm, i i . , vs^; i t ^ t w ^ , ^ ifiuf Sifini ftn i n lifU ifc m 'it?Ui-n
v s S i ) I f i ^ i S i i iôem ftifmi itc i ^ f i i t i m^ mit itmtnt c n t n I t m if??tfn (Curzon, ai, av8) i
( f i r m H i f , f. Ao) 1 t i - ' F t i R miff ^ i . v s * i . at. vq tmititf 11 titcn liif^, i f ,iîH utHiH fit"
VSA80 ^. m-iii liimt i f g itc^ Âoo f t ^wt? iwm wu ifi^ I itmuf^ ifiiten n , leitisi
m f f f I 'sm^ ^fit mitt 'wm' m t i i artm mnt i t i H ^ m
tntmuHii fn icf,fg, Hf fiftu i H f i f S (f. A i ) i
Iitn t n fitm t n ûHm-Hii itfs ntn? ?[Him vs
i t i f ? ^ mfwvQ if?f&v5, îjTms cug isfwt f t f i ^ in 1
ifHiH w m I U Scgi ifiltcn (f. iv; f . firm f i i f ,
t i m ^ m t t i if%ofmt|fimrtmtmîfumifli I cmitci % ivb) I ifîtn m - i t i f f litcn itHiH w u , tntf
Nebuchadnezzar Rev. des Etudes Juives, I t t i , lift!, cwifff?ijt vs ciwHiit f i m itfci? i i t f
iAi., A<^^>; t^1-^pr#t^, % Aîsi) fitmf im f i i f i f i ^ , icn (iii'11'i-fim vsui-ituuui-tm, 'J??! is>vbo ^f.,
c i t i t i f i v o mtft ' i r m mt^ f f ? ffcmtei mtfffiifms f. AS.1) I itmuf ? ^ icnCT,itffusm tntifcn,
f l # o W mmim c n irfimt it?it mt m (E. ficil fiumcn ciunci iutu vfiitm tiun? Sn
Blochet, Liste des villes, iltsft as, in Recuil it?mT fici (f. 8 A ) I iifftc ? i iH uf^, v f l u f vs
des travaux, i l l . , ib-Jjfi^ '{.; J. Marquart,
uf^mrn^f w^pfi icn (fii?cn wus iff f ' i r a i ; u i t ? i f ,
itn wfuf I t n t f ; 'Itif"i-itfti, wtf, Hwtit tmmrn
Eransahr, {. AS") I t n ^ f l f ^ mi?
umfi?ffm-f f ? , uit. f i f i i ' f - f i m u f , tmfiu-t
C i i m f l % s
f'fH mmn'^ (g.) f n t i i r a i mfint mit m t itntr^ 1 ^'itu-H tiitm, tmitm -i5vi)-i 'sj.) I
m t f i m i ni^fhifji lifimi miff? ^ i i i H ^ ît^
î?>c^ i H i ^ ^ I
lufci tnntcn w i f m imH ?f? c^tftfuffi
fim uH (f. imîm fit^f, -^jiifs, % sh-ô
ciwfci Sm mftn? n m ' i m iftntn itm i ? vs lum i f m
I f f i m
?iufm-fi tmititf? ifim SfH) i

Atct tmmm imftn cuft? ifwtti m i r iHu^n? s A i / i v o A - i m tmifim n f ifuHcn n t n U5t
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Contents
880
A t s l t A (The travels of Ibn Battuta, A. D. 1325-54, tftt, W t T O ^ VIATOR ??Rt<P-IIR A t f 41AR, WtttRt^'
Hakluyt, R t t . H. A. R. Gibb, A t . , Ai8-(t) 1 A l R ^ At?l4tit-(i) t t f 'Wttttt. fftTO-(i) W t t W i f t A t f t ^ t ATOI
pit'3#[v3 R t ^ WtR fi3flRrWR snttrtJA 4ff TO f f t R f t R t P S R = R R 5 ftR ( t ' t t - t f t , % A^bS) I
t P l ^ i H A ' ^ i f t i R R C S I R (R, <(lf5|ttlC^tsl w M | t t ' t l f t ^ Al*JAl<)'?v3 I^ftAJtC t t R t C A A S f t t f t ^ f C t t Wtft^sfct ' W t W S t S t f t C A t
f | tTO?lAtRt ^lAlCfst *(tf?I W A I t f t R M M R t ttRA ^ t A TO; i S t t C 4 A C t C t A ftcssâ W t f t ^ ? t f t A f t A l C t A t ? . C t S
TO ( f S A N , (tib) I R t ^ ^ WIRCR f f W f RAt<T atACt? R fSftttro '^TOA f S f T O C t S RtR *itW?ft RtftS i] I
RCtJ iiI4 f R ASIRA C j f 1 A f ?5A5 AA I RtttACt? 9pm, Âf 'wtft A?."% ftcgtf ' W t A ^ l t A t A t f ' W t f t A t i A l / l 8 8 - ( J -
RtA 'WtA^tlRA fAUfct SsRtCA AS I i J t R^W'S S ^ RCt tR^FtAtt W A C ? t A 4 f A A t ' W t f t ? t A A tTAtAt 4 ^ fttft
lAAtR-ftRTO stFaotCA (AiRtAR AtA TAflRtlA, brj; A T O 1 A t w ( I l t t t C t C t f ^ t # f t t R A t n R W A ^TORI
Chardin, Voyages, R t t . bangles, t f t f A R i b r i i ftft tRtnAttC4 f t a ^ 4 l l R t SttATtCtA w f t 4 t A ^ TOt I
RtttCÂ R^lRlWA, W . , i(2-(t-'ij; The travels of Monsicur ioo/l&l RCt ' W t ^ ^ t f t ftcgTA^^ AtCM W T ^ f t f t c t ? C t t T t f t
de Thevenot into the Levant, R T O i^bb^l At, iobr 4lA1tt tf^FTAtCtA ft4'5Aff iflRt^ni m^ SRTSt C t T O R C 4
bis) 1 Curzon i J t t T O R CRIRAfep(R f R M fAAAt (RA tAt^ 4 C A t I ' W t f t ? t f t R i A t T O w f t R ^ W t ? f A 3 ? m^
tAtC tR'^PTAt%tA 2ttS.Rt 4At AS R t t I ftft wftCAtt TOA CtRttRC4 t A C S A f t 4 5 ^ IFLTOSM tAtlw 4At A S I i o V ^ 8 S - ( t o
(R, ( i t fCt # M M M T O W A J t R 5 F t A t % T R ftfR t i t f t ^ C t t t t A t C t ' ^ T O ^ ttRA4t ftfS^ A A I CttcS? S t A s n t f t 4
ftR I lAt?t f T T W t T A ? <3 ATARtft F F T T T ^ (314 TO? f C t A ' W t ? ^ t T t 4 C t S W f c t t f F f A l C t t t f t A l C R Rtat (^141^
tttpTAttR? T f s f t i t t ^ t W ? ^5A3R t T O A RR (At., 8v3) I S c a t C A t t l RSRT RC5 I TAt A t R S i o V / K K t - i b R C t t f t ^
t t t l C t ? ) s t t t t ^ t f t s f t r t t f t A t W ^TO^Sf t R t l A I R A wtiR-TOfcsA ftcgTA CTOtt 4ftst ^sprp t s f * R - t w f t
t f F t A t A w f t 4 R R t c ^FTI^ iÎ Altt4 ftA?T AftstC^ I f f l A T f t t t l A t R R t R 4fsC AT< A t I ARt AtStCA C t , ib-S/BR-o8-(t
tft^^^RsRWS tc tBAtft tC5' ih/b8 o RCA, t % ! F t ' S T O (tt)-<iR R C t t f t ? t ATaif"S-Atftct? WTtCR f t t A A f t C 4 t f - ' F l A t t AtC
WtCtCt' "WtA?^ t ^ t T O (AT) 'WR' t t C ^ I A W f t T O ttAStRtt WtRttt 4 A t A A I .t? tAAftA 'tTTOf'-TO tftttt RltR i
~-~TOR4-TOTftC4 tT?RT Rgtc5?I 8 W R tTCAlRTO-IIR mm C 4 t f t A o Rt^ ftAAtt ( t ' f t t - t f t , ^. O i ) I Â*lCi*<J W A R t C ?
tTO AtftftA R^ftRttC4A R t f t ^ t t R t TOt ( f . Noldeke, tR'STTO A t R R t A A R T ^ - I I R A t W T ^ A A I
Gesch. der Perser und Araber, etc, i < t i , R? A ; A o o / b - i f f - i l j 'S A o i / b - i ' b - . l R C t t R ' F t A t RTOtAA f M
Christensen, L'empire des Sassanides, ^. i r l ) 1 4 t f t A S I A t W A ^ ^ t a g t ? A A t A RCSf R 5 T O C4tt R t
t f t t t R 4 f t fCTO t ? " i t tc W t W t f t TOtCt, ttTR t t f 4 W R Rtt tr^, f R t T O tc SAtA-tStft fftm i C4tft
fttftAAit m^ ftttfts AtCS Atft4 4C?A ftfttCS ftfAAt Aft* <t R t ^ ftATO-(i) R t ^ (von Kremer, CulturgescKichte,
4At ^ C A I lAtft tfttftC4 Ai/~J8 5 - A (R? RttcR, i t . , i t . , 0 0 1 ) 1 t A A faAttttt?A-'iR ^ ((^, % -0^8) AAi-Vb-O-Js-l
A - J s O l T . ) t f t t t S C A TTOT,Wt^ ARAtttfti^ftiAtftTOA RC R C t SAt W R ' S v ^ s f t ^ 3 ^ R t a i I o R t : ftAAtCt R t ^ I -ilt
WT^ f t t WtR-WtfWtft (At) [ 5 . ] ftAt^sTOi R t C R A T?f t R t t T O ? t A C t SAt t f M tte? Ct, W t f . A i b - / l r O O R C t CA f ^ f t f t
w f w RTORft?AttAt5 W F T ^ C t t t t f t 'AllAfHA t ^ f T O R WtCRtRCt? TO A ^ A 5 R ? A t A WTtTSAttWtCt t A ^ s t R t ^ AA,
ttAtW tWAAt Ct'SAt A t C A - ^ > i t R t T O t t C t A A l ^ WTSPRft SAt t R A ^ A t ? W A f t t l w t ^ A S I W t R - f ' t f t R t 4 ^ CStfs
5 j A t - T O I R (AtsflfF , I f f ^ ' R - f T O t R , ^4RCAt i J ( t ' i %, A t . , ( i ) 4 f t CtRfWR. ftCkllA R t RTO1 t f f f t ? R C ,tC4?
o b r - 8 ; H i l t R4R M ft^ ftAAt R t W Caetanl, Annali, C t f t ? C t A t W A W t T O fft t i t S T i C4t1^ ft?AtCt c f t ^
(tt., A W A O , tTt?t 8-A(t) I t l * f l w f t ACtR, t t ' F l A t t ftwCS? Oil), W t 5 - t ? ? A ^ R ? t T t f ^ i C?tft O Rt= ftAAtt ?lRAt
sttt A5RC? ftfASt trstW AtSt RtfCRT 8 C4tftftSAlR ( f : Scat4C??(<J. i(t8) I
i A ) W R AS I t R t t A t R l R T J P t - t A t f t f t STTTLT t I R T O A A f f o M l R C ? 'WT^'R-'WtftA t A A W i f t t f t t ' t R ' # ^
WtRCR ARAt tAtC4A ttRA4tC(T? liJRT^tf^ AS I RtTOt StttR4 t?f35 A t I i)r^b-h(t-b TO t W SAt A t f f r T t t s - I I R
tAtAtt tt^FtAtCÂ ttRR4tFTF^TORI t t f t l l A t CA ft^wlRt ? R t S ^ ' t l C 4 I (^ RRS W t R - f ' t f t t , t A t fRtCW R t f t
^ TO, RASft Ât ^^C R ^ < f i F ftt Rt I ^tr/iiib-l-b- R C t R t R 4 t ? ? t R R ( t S f R - W t ^ , ^ I t . , O A 1 ) I A'!so/b-1-8 R C ?
WtSlft4t t t t t tAaft WAC?t*(TO,ft^tAl?t tlA t^'StITOs't R? A l A t t t A t A t f ^ t t t tf'FtAtC?? t t W t t f ? f t f R t ?t:?R
44 tAtfw ? T S T tÂR ft?tR v i J R R s R t R i A R TO I t T O R ( t ' f t t - t f t , ^J. i b r f f ) 1 t ? 4 S f ? A ? ? 4 C S 4 ftct? W ? I t t *flAlH
tlRt4t AtWtW t A t (g.) <1i(t/^J8TOAtc ttR^lAtCt R f ^ ^ t t f R t A t R t ? A : - T O f ? S m t t f t A t A t ? I ? T f fRtt^
t t r o w t FTMT TOR 1 TAR t t t ^ t t C R ^ S f R ' >it1l4lS R t f A 5 t C 4 WTCt?si? R R t T O f?Si^1t% ? R t ^ T R ' T A t ? t s t T C t f t 4
tRRlftfttC4R
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Contents
88i
RWtt?? ftTO 4 M t t C T O I A^ff/b-Hfe R t t 'WlÂ fttttC? t f ^ F l A l R R t f t ? R t R W t t ? R R W t l RtAttAtiSiC^ ftctt

RtM ?t'?s<r-ia? ^ t f t M AftCR'S f t r o t 'JAR*. R t M TtRR fttf f A t ^ ^ A t f - T O S S A t ? ttR??st t c t ftCAtt TO?
TO? I ^tRSRR ?R 'Wtê?? R M ATOIWtR-fa<il*?<?l'^ TO?Sttf?C4 t t t ' t A t R 'S^C R M Attc t c t ? I t A l ^ I5I<P11
MfC4 m t t *fMft# RC? 4Rc=i-t, ^ t ?ft!?A H i / b - v 8 - e RC? t C ? t W t R - 4 l f t ? C 4 ft?Altlt^J^ ARt A ? (>^, % OoH) 1 RtÂf^tW
'Wt^?C4 W t S R C l ? W?T W t A T O t ? ? 'Wt?ft'R-'Wlf? wtft tRt-lAlCH?! R t R ASfR AlTIt? I t C ? A A R ? 'Wtft t A ^ f S t
t R T T O S ^srtCPftTOR1 "WtA? 1?tW? ? ? t ? 5 f t R tR^SFtAt? t P ^ t ? f t A t A W f t ? ;5tt W I A T O t^ttapCt m^ ^ t r o t t ? R t R ?sc?? I
I % F R 1 ? W t ^ f r o t TO I A V 8 / b - f e H - V RC? t??MftC?5 RtAttftW f ? ? l A t R t t A t C ? ? 1tC4 W5}R? A t C R C t t t t C ? 1ft
'ftRlR'-'il CfiRt ?sf??t tR-?FtAtC?? 'TOfAt t p l ^ A R t ^3 TttAJt ftAt? ^ C t t t t R ? 5 f 4 1 ? A A ? I lAm t ? ' W t f t f m f t A t A
t A A AlÂltl 4?s ftAtf? TO ( R t f ^ ) AltR ?RT? WtC^ft Cff? tt A i R t ? TOSf"R-R^GRt ^ f ? C 4 C R T O ^tc A ^ l t t t fttf
( ^ f f t t - t f t , % i V 8 - a - ) I t A A <Pt, ftft tRR=lAtC?? AtlRRt t t t t A t ? R t R TOR I vSAt/5b--fe RC? ^ f t f t ? t R A ^
ftCRRTO?R S A S ASo/i90vS RC? " t A A t ^ t f t A l * t A ^ ?SC??, f ? s p ^ TOR I t c ? ? A R ? A t R l R W t T O SAt w f t ^ R
fft W 'itRl^tfk4^-antSAftc?s c f t C t ^ A l t ^ f t ^ ?sf?At vS'{j\Ss/feH'{j R C t f l A t A t ^ ^ t w SAt t t t R TO? I
TOl A A t ^ Wtft? ( W t f . 'boo iai?s?) WTSTOfAt^ ?fTOt Scat W A t I R t ? f ? t A A ^ t A t C ^ f t t - i i R C ? C ^ m^ 'S|?lRtft C R A t t R
4f?AtCl? I tAtA RR? TiAWt iooft C4at ftT (*{. i>(?A) I vSVieo-J> R C t t?s^ ftct? W t T W t T O CRttc? WfStCAt TO
A59o/ioA-0 RC? " W R f a l A t A ? t A ? t % W t R - t A f A t t - C ^ TO?f'Wtft'5ttlf ?s4SAffM A ? I
tR'ftAtC?? t l R A ^ f f f?C?tt ARt A t C R tft S A I ? Rf^t-ttl5T?t A R S f ' R - R t ^ R R t ^ AtCM t R t t A t ? ^^.'Jpt f "WtftTf'R-
W?ft t M j fff AlMtCt? RAtA^tS Ai9(?/ioH RC? RtâRR wf??stC? 5fTOf TO I t f t O i b t / f e t t TO ^tc ' W t f f R -
t?CglA TO?I C R A t t f t AtR^'R-Alttft? C?C^ WtR-f4ti?? t t ^ R R W f ? ^ t t t T O i C t -SfAt t t r o ?5C?R I OHA/febrA-O RC?
C2tft5 CtAtAR ftAtC^ ? A ? ^C?TO?.A l A t f t tR'^^FtAtC?? R t R A W t f t A R tt ttt?5'tT-Tft>QRf 1AR S S ? t f t ? t f t A t I vSb-H/fefeH RC?
1?f^ A? (tff'R Wtft?, V t . , fe) TO? RiARtft "Wtft t A A ftft t f l M t R ^4f?CR S^3?lft4lflhCt t A t ? 8 ? R ? ? ? ^ ^
ÂtAfTO tAt? S ^ ? t f ? 4 t f t A? I t f t A t ? v S o o / f e i A - RC? R t ^ ' R - R t ^ S R t lR?,AtRC? WtCAtAt TO I "ilt R t ? tAt3 R t t
iptAR-'iR R t ? R 4 ^ t ? f ^ A ? t ? 1%ft tR^SFtAlTRA^S R l R A ^ f t AfCSfJ? a t f t t R ? ? s # A ? I t t R R 4 t C ? R1R A 3 C ^ t ? R T O
A ? I Ooi/jJiv!) RC? t R ' F t A t R W 4 t C 5 RTOIR t R t % i ? RtTOl3! R t ^ ' R - R t ' S R t v!)iH/jioo'{j RC? lAl? I t A S t A f t ?s1?C
RtRAtfc? #i?t TO, NSo8/Ji'b-i1 RC? W t T O t A t '*ll<Mlf1 C5tt ?si??f Ajsf A t 1 t A A f f A T O t t t ^ ' t - t f ^ S T O t f t ? R t t t
ttRAWf WlARtR Rl'f4-TO wfc? WtCR I ftAt? tiRRtRCR 'WlRtS'R-RfvSRt ' W t f W t " ^ f A t t t R t A t RttRttttARR
vSol/<it>-Ao RC? W t R - f ^ ^ t t t C ? ? S t T O A f t A l f t R tR-^FtAtC?? t R t A t C t ? t t R ? ? 5 ^ A ? I RtC?tRCAr R t R f ? ? s f ? A f t 4 l R A t W
tt?tW ? t silsi?c o J i ' { j - H RC? 1ft f ^ R t t f t t A ? f R t t ?s4 t R A ^
fSAtrrft R?t S l i l t T O tRVlAtC-t W t t l ^ A f t WlAS A A I ^tC t f l ^ A t , 8 i i / i o ^ o - i t c ? SAt 'aA?tft?t? ?SC?? I
i>(?/&At R C t RRttftw t A ^ ft?R ( g . ) Rtltft R t R 4l??T S i t r / i o A t - b - RC? 1ft t R t t ^ ^ "Wtft t f t ' S t T O t t # A <
WlARtt t A ^ A l A S f t C ? ! t t t ' t W t ftcttt ?SC?? I ^^JlViOJ> t f f 4 l f R ? s ^ 8 R t R A t ? W ? ? ^ ttC4? I t t f t t f t RtR^
RC? t t ? R t f t R i T O t f t WtARtCt? ft^ ^tc t f ^ t A t ? w f A ^ R t A A RtAtR-'flA WfaptCt 8Ao/ioAfe RC? t t f l A l - H f l A ^ AlS^t
?sc?? I r ? t??ff ^ W l A t t t f ? ? l A R t ? f t f't*'*!^ - ^ M A A I R t f t f t ttRC?? W ? T mm t l t - t ^ v s l ftf^ tlt^h
Rtt<t>tfc4 ATt TOR (The ecUpse of the EAbbasid ^ t r o f TO 1 t t ? t t t t A t C t ? w f t A t f t t t ftcgtA t t %
Caliphate, R t t . , W f . miM-A H. F. Amedroz, t t R T O F A}5Jt ^ C ? t ? 1ft ftf?At W t f t t t tt^FtAlet? A ^ Ctl4C4
WfRC^FtS i f e A i %, S t . , A f > - 8 o ) i WtR-f^^Stft? C t t A^R?t A ^ TOtt I t A t t f A , R ? ' W t R t ' S ' R - R t ^ R t f t f t f R t ? W f t ? t ?
fWT^^tt? t A t SifVoC-* tR"*FtAtC?? *ftRt?sft ftcttt -îACR ttRt; ft5f t t f t ? 'STOJCtA RtAtCtJ W t f f t ? ? t t ? t A ^ ? t f R
1ft 4ifAWTOR t t tftrrt RC? A A AO"!*) I tC^TtCtJ lAtC4 t R i t C ? t t J ?SC?? 1 8 A / i o v S A R C t ftft t t ^ F t A t T R
RtAtrfftr R A i R sf^Jt?^ CttttC? l^fR Tf^îpp ^5irs[3? 2}J1?^ TO? I 8 A 8 / i > o A - R C t RtR'SJT 1%^ WCsfsf fttttC?
?R?rct? ? T ? ^ TOR I lAtC4 t R R ^ tlRCt? wfttfR C t t I t ? ? f f ARA
WtfttM ^ ASR? t ? vSAi/SOvS RCt TORtftW At? "Wtft ffRTfl t t f t ? Cttttft ? s ^ 'WtRt'S'R-tt^Rt t ? t f A t I t ?
t A ^ ^ ttt5'R-Rt<35rtC4 ?t?tW-iil? f??gtR RtR fftcsT ftft 1ft ftrottR tt^TORtC? ftsfAAt At? I 1ft f?Am
t t t ^ W f A T O t t R ? I f?5^ TOtrftW ftAt? lt SItfAC?s f r o t t W R^SJA ?5i?AT 8 A t / i o v S ( ? - * RCt t R t n A l A w f w R ?5C?? i
C t t t t C ? t t i t t C R 1ft SAt t t A ^ T t t ttR? I Ctt AR? fe?n?f tlt-t-MCt S t t [ t f t ft^salRt R C ^ gwtftjf"R-RfigRt
W1R-?ntA?, ' T O l i R t R ' - i i R W f t t f t ? i C t 1AIC4 f t f f RtC?? I t t i P t - R f ^ R t ? Rft t ? ? ' W t ? T O t ? >lfai'^4tC1
tRtftlAtC4R
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Contents
88A
tiipim ;g:n?5iti iff%*nf ii% iHus n ( m m f , ^. 88A/ioô ^ f f i i ' f i f m ? ti-^mt^ m i f

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atf^ ^ i f ? i raei? f ^
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vg ^^-if^ci I ^ s t n ! I # C I V S cm T*t*I*lAH I I F E V S
" ^ e ^ c i t u r a
u w e ^ c i i iA t i t e i ^tttm m t r n f e i iHu
sfrai uHuHi fmt I R A i?r I T 1 mii- S V A O / I O V S V - S . I R A
Itm? afUi
I m ? i t f m u H f i < f e i , m i f ^ %it? "e^^^Tt^

im^-itût fuûran it|uc5 U H R I - S F I icm H?i:^
i r a i f ^
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iHriti iHmnti T I ' ^ F t m "^c F^rinu iHm
i 9 i t m ifn
^5. i o i ) i m i R m i i v ^ - f e i m t g t e s r i ? n # f U i ? t w S i f % u
^mtraums iUv^ i e ? I (T^'I-rtfl?, I L . , Ai'i) 1
ituTtnu-'II? ( 8 \ D I / i o 8 o ) n ic?fi n m F # S
ra^î t i f m m i ? ra#?r i t m f f f m H i ( I I 5 i f i i t t i
v ^ i t r n t t i " f ' i ^ u ? m t u ? f f r a c i f t ? m??ic??
I V S U ? m:i mt^mt T I ' P T I R ^^fium uHc^ itra ut 1
f i i ^ i
8 V D 8 / i o 8 A - I R A îHi RAI L I F L ^ ^ S J T S F I I 1 ^ 1 ra
H i mt) I voji^f-ii-ivQ t m m t i m t f i i e i ?
I t f i m? stf
^ P T U F F L F I I F L , I ? ^ttiH Hf^ 'Hlt'^'L-ltlT?

i m t ? if?rm (mtm?^^, 1. I O O I - A ) 1 8vj}8/IOII-A
fitHituf? 1=1, ^ttitci %fi ^,c<MblH -Hnt I F F mmi mraciura mtfii it^ i f m f i i t vQuHt^'i-'it^ itc
nt'^sim ura F ^ u I T I lUtc nr mR (^f5'i-itft?t, i f % f u s j n (t?f'i-rTft?, I O I . , 8 v ) 1

^ i i f i c ^ i t i i
I I . , V A 8 I ) I utufn I R A F V S I M I F cit% I T F uffsfm-VIM vstiîiiw "SFGI l t d m f fitiimra

t ? ^ rai
u:^ tut f i i l iHm fmt itc^ îHi-VIM mr m Tttim I t H si^^ if??t? w u f u g n u f i m f u < I=T I
cn I 8VAV/io8vj}-I I R A f ifii iti^ V I I I M tiitlfi f%fi w i t c i ? w u tmmtm imtlm itc^ i l i i c ? i
I F I I R I I R A I ; I T ? C I T M c m T I " J P L I T I I I F mrat? m c i t m m u ^ ^ ^ H ? ^ cmtitra i t c m ' ^ i r a m t f ^

I R A I I rfum fuHifÎ uHu m fic^ ^ îHim mmtra? -iiuft ^ ^ f ^ f c i c g i H f 1 ? (A. Bausani,
m i fu iti uf?^:^ ?rtf itnt w t f n i i m Religion i n the Saljuq period, i n t h e
fur? i m 1 F I F f i f i i 'inntft if?t U V Q U ? m Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge ISSVJSV
l e ^ f ^ ^\9}ii L I J ^ 2|VOJ1RN I^ni 1 6% Av^s-ôA 5.) I fH "^mt ^ ^5tim i f f fiwlf
tmf f i i e m
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Contents
880
t m !5jjR.-*c?) mr 1 srmn^f ^PliJlClH, "snfii "iKn t i ? i i t e n m f cmmm ^ tsfn i v s ^ i<fi3 vg n i i m H
mfÛTci f i - m t , m i % s - m t ^ r s Q ^ m t H a t m m tm m f t i f e n lem f i f i ? ^ i f i m c n 8b-Vioj8 n

1
m f i ^ ^tc i ^ r u H r m n m j t i H <?T"Gm i ? i âmj^tW f ? i m - n n m t fff i t c i m?if?t?m5' f n m ilffc i e ? i

SRIWW vtiHrtw c r n n t H afm? m t i ? ît? m ? n w t ? i e n n t i e n ? n ? S m m i w m m e n 1 m i mgtewj?
mip;l <3 c ^ - m w f m affft? itra w m ^ ^ f?^1^ mitiT I t e n f i e m n e n wm m m i n ? t fH c i i t n
itfic itf?eim im^. fo/i o j s vgv^î<)i$i emit wiTfU?, >i<i<t>i^
8iA/ioib--Si m t m c n t i c i ? mmei i i = Tti i f n t
i f i m ^ m m m m f i ? f i m ^ , f%1it ^ c^sicn i ?^
f i t m e n i c i ^ c m i m i f i c i titei t i i t i t n i n i if?e
f v s i vi>ifi,ii f i l t l ^ f?tîsfm1?erus f ? ! ^ ^ ' ^ s
nvsm ^ m 1 fH '^Hmi i n i if?e mm n i o i ,
sfmfwfm? f1?nm m t n i ? t - 1 ? (g. A. Godard, i5ff) I t m n m f . m?^ a ?,n m? ^ m t e n m r
Historique du Masddjid-e Djuma d'Isfahan, f ^ - f ? i i m 1 f c m c i ?tffm t n t i t n 'ît^^?f msei

in111^1?-t % H , ii, Ai. -G ^ i , i J i O ^ V A. Gabriel, m i t e n i f ^ i f i i m ?>f?m c ? ^ 1 m i m t n 'miH'i-
Le Masddjid-i Djuma d'Isfahan, in Ars mtfii i t ^ S m f i i m fcat m m fim? m t i i t i t e n
Islamica, A i , i^^(? %) i t n f i ( i t i f n ) lamit? iîf^ m^ fifi? n n t i n f i ? f c f afcn ifie i m n ( n
I'fitic t i H i c n (?njtic?? f i m ? i e i ) 1 v a n fH n m e i
f < M i il??n (mtitra m f i i i f l f m ^ m ^ cmmi m
w m m i f n t f'ffH i f i i m i c n 8 j s 8 / i i o o m i i f ?
1
f f i i i c ? i I mmii .amim f i w i f n t (mtwtmt) aif%f^
fi?5t?f iiaei ?tffm ?s?tH i t m ?5f?e i t e i n t m
i c ? i I liitwm f%fi c? i f n t i ^mmf% ^ m i - u -^c^ mm? f i i w m fcl? m - s m 1 i H c m i H i m 1 ^ m m 1 ^ , n
mfmi itwm f l l ip mwt? fmtc??-G m f i i (mfim^f, =5. m?imi?n? fl^c* mffen i H iitfffimg i s m ifmmti
i o 8 - f f ) ^ m t n t ^ "5i-imi t n itfim-fwf i f % mc^ i m
1 fH mf"fen fie?tfim. i m H m ^ i t e n 1
lAWiÂv-s* mci mtf?ti1^ m^ f l l ; f i f ^ m - e i t i - i f ^ itH*^ I t f i t | i - i t f i i t m f w n m f % i f i m c m c n 1
m ^ '^tfc^ c n i i itmf mt? (^j. i 8 A ) 1 I C I ? i m t i n c i t i e i mff i ^ s m ifc?fei ?f?m citttm
sb-ff/iosiA mm I f f i i i t m f g r ^^tci t i i t l t n ? m^fwo mm n i^, i o i , A i s - * ) 1 m 1 ^ , i t i f i ? f i H mffen
f i ^ i c s i i ? m i t m t i f ^ i m m ? w i j i c 5 % f l c n , mgtcwj? i i e i t ? f t m m I
m w m f i c i t m i f f f m n ? m c i ' Q i ^ i ^ f n m?ft? 1 8iff/iioA m m - n ifîct m?i?tii- i i f i t m
mfimm ât i n m?ici? i c i i m m s t n wf f n m ?fim n t f i t ? t i i t n i c n 1 tm m m i f f . n i t n t i titei
m mf I n m f i fimistftim c i m c i ? mi'm-fi'fsfn c i i t n m n 1 n f m cimiei? i t H i ? e n wm
mmn? f m t m f i i ^ iffî i s m i i f 1 % fl%? m i t m f f i l i f t ? f i f i t c m i e n i t e i ^ t m i f m mftc mm n
f l i I i i i m f i n f i i t m c u t mttn n , i i ? f t f sim ^s ioi, AAb-), ificiei life i t m t m i n i t fiei
f i f S i m imm? t?mtm i m r t m f i f l i 1 mff ?fim ifi imi??t?wtn 'sfim m 1 c i t i t n m?im?n- f m f??^mm
n w i m c m m f i m f i m f c i t i w i c i i f ^ if?m i t m if?e I t e n {'^, i o i , AA'^-t-) 1 asiViiovs n i w f i m
fim mmn? f f i i t t t c m i ^ i i t mtmn w n t m i itm-mmm m ? n i t H ftfi i t c i m n m ? ^ t i i f i t n irf?i
ififi mffn? m c i ?f?m m H m citftm cici i e n i i i , A(?-8) I n i n ? ? t ? i m ? n - n f f i ^Jtci
( t n ' 1 - m i l ? , i o i , A i 8 - f f ) I n t m i c i m H f n ? ^3^tmi l i f e i n i i c n i o i , A'Ô) I i t i f i ? f f

m m f f i m i t f t m m t 1 mtfii itci? m i c i m'^ 'mi^'i- S m mf|fi aitim m H f i m m i m t m t n f m i m i
mHi i i m ifi m c m n f t ? f3!itmimi n t m i f i i im i t f t i t ? t ? i t m i - i t e i m m . ^ i i w
1 1 ^
i t e n f f i i i i f f i f S i m f : i m i t mfifiei ittm ic I i^j^ I t i m t n f i i f i e n w m f c H i m i ^ itfim

^ ' s ^ - ^ p r i vs m H i i t e n i|t f ? i m i t f i m n t n , m I ffoo/iio^^ m ? f t n fH i m i t f i i t r n n ^ i i e ? i
nitn I t f i i i t e n f f t n , fm i n ? ??^ f n m f m ? m 1 fcf? t i l m t i J i c n t f i f w itm? f H mfiir 1?, f i f
8
.
m n ''tfm civsm m t t i e n n t i t i f n ^ m i f n t t m i t i t n i ? f i t m c n l i s f ^ mmtm m 1 i ? c m m m t m ? f
m i e n 1 f?t?m i t f c n f ^ i m ? i m n mitei f ? i m i f n t i i c n mmt i t f m " i i i i i m n m s n m m c n 1
i t f c n n f i m ? f i f i e i f i w t i rniffm f f ^ c n f ? i m ^C n H f t m c i m n ( M . G . S . Hodgson. The

I l f n ? m i m n f f i f m n i i e n , f i f m ijt?i if?m order of tJie Assassins, Cii ihaQ f vg ^ The
iitci c n t n 1??="* i e n ( v ^ , i o i , i B - j s - ' ^ ) f ? i m i t f i Isma'ili State, in the Cambridge History of Iran,
1
t n t f fiieim
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Contents
t*l*MAH 888
(j-l, 8 A A > A g . ) I t m n ?#i?r mtm m f a M w <tiR)'f il i M m Hi (f?it, %

1 1 ^ 8S)) I l o f f / i o o f f m ifci
n m ' w o s . t ? itmHi ifiu m n I t I cm < ? 5 < ? / i i A 5 - A i^fi fgt muf tiititci tiit (f.) uc vs ii= ffo
m T^fm liim Sm'iftm f f i m iHcm ti]tn f m >a tm ^^mt^f cwitsfic s w fûf i? u?
mft?
n I uit'S'if-fm itntiei tiitm inci? 1Ut s t m

I U
ffoo/iioi!j-<^ n ^tc ffii/iiiv m vÂ'i'^m? ff l i f ? iui f ? ! U f m uc i ii^ Itwt?ffi f m o8
i w c^ftmt^ i l i ^ iigtcsfi? i m cig^ Hi t i i t m iHcif? iH ( I f u - t f ? t f , ^, % <to-i) I fgt? f i f i i ?

i
t m i? ^lAicn 1 ^ tmtn fHNfi in I i m i t i ^ u m iff?t ?m I t m v3 iti2m i^f? fif^t? i m -at

fwti itfm ciitnm itii Him i ii? Hci t i i t m i l l Hum i C 5 f ifc? ftftm f i i t ^ ^ fim n t t u s j ;
i f i J i t t c i ? iwisHrst iHit? itu tuci? flttn itsf 1 n i l itit>i'?iti ?fi?tcn n, mti iti-ttici tuMitc-f?
msitmnicmcumi'sHc iin i ciitn mtmm mry w f ? I t n ifiu m I itm u m itici? S^[f
Hm-Hmm itit ic5, Htm c - v b o / i i t o a - e m f s r t f f ftfiu U C I ut I <aiu m ifnt? citi>a ff^ ut n, vat
n mm? icu itiit irm-itmim fnHc il^tnti, Hîfifn i?it ^tc tiitm iius lUfH ft ? 5 % f c i i
imtH tRti ^ itfitHi itit ic5 (.^, i i i , A i o ) I itâmi^ itiptt it? Sell i m n, ti'ititn i c n unlit, m m
iti c f i i ( i - S ) o / i i { i . 8 m tntiti iHit? i m im vg i t v g n i ( v s m i f uif% ; ^, Sh) f l l I i?ii fc?t
i 1.
I t c i I t f . fftrbr/iifeA ici iflt iti-uH? tuci? i ^ n nt ûci n, Sitcn cm cmft cum itu m i t n
i t i ^ fiH fiHci? itltcm mi i t m i i m i ?t-fi? Hni itc m m, iffîtf itHnici? iti-
i 8 i ? ^ icm fitHm i t ^ itci i f i f it^l?!*}*! iti ififîfi I f H mH m (ai, ihd-b) i mti fefuii
cficii I C U tiitm iciim i t i m i? 4 > i / i A A ' i i m tiititm lit m m i M f i 'G tmfii ufiwi itsFt^
i
^ m i m dfcf cim uftf t i n u m ifîct nHu c'fici i uiH itum icis ifiuci mt ut i
toA(f/iAAtr ici wtitf*i-fi U'sumi iti litt? iHctfcit ^ u f ituw i-Hi itci tiitm Ftf cinm (f.)
t1tfiU:i iUf i m (J. A. Boyle, Dynastic and ifiim ^fiu m i i 8 A / i 8 i - A m t^tf? ( t ^ f . ) i t i
political history of the U-Khans, in the Cambridge if?i it^ t m i ' tifm fiit itc Sit m i m n t
History of Iran,ffi, o f.) fH >at fimci ftittU i f f b - / i < J - i ici fufiff-fi fitm fsrtfm fm fiit
i
Uftc lli' u ^^cis U t f . tovsv/iA8o-i i m ici'tiltitm ^tc tit ifim i m I mtm ii*t? H^ ufici fsftim
^jsts i?tm ict lit I cit ii?HtPTmifif?Uf'f ititc?? ?tf?u S^5?tfiitm f H ifUf mH ? ^ 1 i ? icu i?tHi
ir3c?t liit? i t m ^ f citim? ic?s u cicg fisiHfi I U 1? i t I iifft i c n m
îtm it?l '^ttfm it?l 8 cii?fi itm? i?3jt i?uî? n t n n S m m m i c t ( f ' ^ f - f i iitif,
H{ss|ei ^ i^sitFt? i5fi iHrat ii?1^ m i ^ f1tm;'-tv8Uf uu. J. Aubin, Cim i { i > * l % , %
^^1^3}^
1,
?twi1t? imcug ftii??iusfm tîuvaif^^ i t ? i ? i b - v s ) I < ^ b - ' b - J i ) / i b - 8 - i m f f m H f i u m itiu

ifunici fsftfm I t f ? fiti u?fi-'nfifi t n i t i
iiif fiHft 1? ut I Îîc4?w cT^sft Hcwotra? m\' f f m
f i f f i
une? ^sif i?vauu' litu i m i n
ic^ ^?3? Hf 1 t ? l ^ fn?*^
ic5f
fllmti ^^?T?if itiiutc< f ^ ifm iflMiii ifiu i b r c i i / i v s b r i m tiitltn c'ftm i

ftmi t i m p T ^
. fci Ultt'f-ff
lat n? 'Situ n itf%? mi ite?n i m i titm if2FH
Hfvs; t ? f
ucii? ff% Iuc?i cunt f t m - i K t i t 1n(si=Tt

^
^^ftc timtntfn? f f i H i i ^ 1 ^ ^stifw? î? I t u m mi ff? n n fitf Hici (if ititn) i m

wt? ?s? itcUi iHcni rrc?tHr uustc?? 'aiiiii.î? itJn I i s i ? i m um-ituu ittnt fitifiiu nt Hw
^ 1 W ci#Hrat itnf ic^ i cici ^ it^wtf?t Hw icuwn f fc?? n m ?iu i m irfiufii tifu
?irT fut? uHc ffff mi iiffus ^ f i ^ T C i fii m I t m ifcui i l l if?c Iiu ff? i o itwt?
Hnfi^ s t H # s -^f (?ifHff, ^'fH, i*it. wfn? Hfit?, ii?ufci iit i m (fiwt5*ii-fi uf, wtmuu, uu. f.
cwim i S f t i o - i 'J. ; fintwfff, wtfit Tauer, iti iJi.vs<^ f, i i , io8-ff) i
i * i t . -^ntwnîi?, CI?R iss^jsi % -of, i i j s - ^ i ) i
f f m S^s?iH4ifcn mei t n t m rm i ^ HHu
tiirun? flffi fH?ifi? ?si?ci tit? St^fe Hmti it? ut I vii/isis i m uf "Si- itvsvsui ite a 8
bri/i8iitf I t m fif?u
Ifci I imiisiii f f s t M j f fifiucii T^mfi-Sit i % cntn itn^ f i t t n m i m i ? ? ^ ? # 5 t t
c?, ituiu iulu iuum HUfn
vg imt U?fu5 ?tcn I n i n itaiuci ii?ft? ii ie5 n t ^ ff% i?
t n t f fumti
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Contents
88ft tt*FkH
(RtRt%'R-RrtI?FT, it, A'!{> t.) I

V(^!s/i8<ÂRe?S^ Chardin i ^ b i b S - i o RR iibti-tt RR t # e,ttfft
45=1^ W K R t t A A t ? f t A t RTOHI M tiAiPt TORT C<Tt ^ t TOR I fft t R t t A t t C 4 R t s t aftCPT? R A t M

AA 1 <t>H(*W tAAft ira<)lM^ 2 f f S^5AtfA4tfk " t 5 ^ f < ^ RARtftAiR t A ? A f r o t Af?tTO?I CRttC? t R
l A A l C t WtiMt tft WtAtAAtAWlA Aftc ÂtA t t R A tRbMHl ttPit, ' ^ ^ . W f ^ ' j T O S , ? t ^ ' Q W ? T ? t W < K R ? s s T tCSf? W f t l f f t t
TOA I V l V i 8 1 8 - * RCA S ^ AtRtR Ât^t? ttRA4t t l 4 l 4 l M ^ Wte? R 4 R c t e t ? A f t ? R t ? R ? t R ? 5 M Voyages, R t t .
Josapha Barbaro Ambrogio Contarini R1A4 ^ftWA
Langles, t i t M i V i i b-t, i o 8 ) i fft ? c t R ct, R t ?
Cf?RA|ft RAAft t M f t TOR I C t t R t t isit t A ^ f t A WtRS.tTt
artfc?? RCtT i1>Aft R R f ^ , 8b-ft TOTO, i b - o A f ^ t t t t t R t ,
t1i2t * o Alwt? t f R A t CtlRttt A t f ^ W g t t R TOR (Travels
AtoftAttrt iAl^ C t t A ^ M I tt^flRRRAtt t M (ilM?
to Tana and Persia by Josafa BarBaro and
W R C t f f t ? ^ ATARtfftt W A ^ ? ! M ( I t . , O'bl) I W t l f t C ^
Ambrogio Contarini Hakluyt, i V i o 1i-A ; ^ .
G. Berchet, La RepubbUca di Venezia e la Persia, W f k ? RTaAT^F ( t 5 t - t f t ? 4 ) - C t ? ^ stAt TO C t f ^ s R I
f f ? A i t r J j * %) I f A R t t f t WtfttM Rc<)Hl ^ M T Q t A t t t (Banians) i Thevenot-^ RC ibb<t t A t e t ? R?.tTt i *
t M ( A t , i i i ; W R 5 . Jean-Baptiste Tavemier.
Ct, TOFtp^S f t ? ? f C R t R R t t Atc R t f t A W f ? t l t fttf''^
.SIR ttte t l W 1 Voyages en Perse 1632-67, R t t . Pascal Pia. t t M
RTtHA"^ A?.t S R l 4 t A ^ RtglCWJA t1itt t t A t t t t M
ihô ^. iii> t . ) I (ilt R t e ? R t f f t ? WT?? f a t t M
c>ob-/i*oA-o RCA ttR'tAH w f w R TOR 11ft 'Q t i A l A t l t t ^ttt ftttR A t A t t U ? I t? SAt? CTOsR?.tTt W l ^ t t M 'b ^ C
SC?jt tR"4tAlRAt%RA 2|1 W ^ sitfctA sjttt Ctt I i i R C ^ RCtT M I ChardintAtA f???% A C t ? Ct, R t %
ARMfitfSt 'il4MtMtCWlRtt1t Ct, {>ii/i**-'5RCtttA 2tIA A A t W R , SAt? St?se^ * t ttCA^ A T O t l R t ? feoft
t t R t M t R ' ^ t A f C R CSfRtQfR? ^ p l t f % RSJIfS A t f R R t C t ? ^ ? s M Ctt t C A A ^ (b-t., i o e ) I R t f f t W?R?.tTt R t C ? ?
C4tA wet? R t f A C t t W t ftftti t5C?R ( f - f l f t A ÂtatÂ, C4t?<3 f M t R?,tTt Scat R t tsM'Q ftft fttft ?#CR Ct,
ttiftt-t W l ^ - t tftt-t t f ' F t A t R , t R - t ^ >Ji>'!s'5-1 %, 'J. t R f t A t e t ? CRt?5R?tTt R T O ? t t ^tCA I (fltWtJ TOtt ?RT A?
H^b-I) (RS. t t A t A t t t t ^ ' W t RRfWCtA MtfRf^ ftCfft Ct, t t f lAlC-tit CRtTOltTt t? b ft??T t Rt^ M I ttA'Wt?^1et?
W g t t f feti/i(^!sO-8 R C t c f t A R t f T O S Ctt ttt t R t ^ t ? tAttft ftAf R t l f t CTOsR^tTt t ?Mt Scitt
R^J
Atc CSAtt CtR, W R W t t t t f f f&ft M t t t t t t J t f t A AtAttft ?sC??ttART^-AWtRe5T i o Rt^ <3 t t A f R l C t ? WttCSf SAt
(Q^) R^Sfls 7^ (^^ v,(j.^.ci ^3 vj-Ji>o) 11fA tAA (SRt^m WR'Q C?ft M tfttt W f t H ?sc?? (^J. i'ib-yr; WR'Q g.
CtAtAtfA% ARAtR A I A ^ ftM TOR ( i ^ , 'J. 1*-'J) I t t ^ l R Lockhart, f.^t., 'J. Stib-t) I
fftR CAC^ fACJtCA? R t t {>**/i*8V R C t 'SA'tlf ^ j f f e t t t A 'WtA^tt tAR S ^ ? l f A 4 t f k t ? WtRCR ttTO Wr3
Alf^tCRA Wtl t R A T A t A w f t ^ R TO 1 t t A WlA^tCRA ft?AtRCA (i|4Ct>fdj4 I R?4te?? M tAtetA ?t?tft^tRC4?
ftM fttt
wftCAtACtA ' j A t w CtttCA -SAR ftJstRt ftAlW TO RCt

tftttt W A S f t tR'ftAte?t W ? f ^ A t ^ f ^ Rtf|?5'R-'?Ht5,
M (fttt
AA (ttWTO CAt, '<5ItR1tWt?t-ft ' 3 l R ^ , ftctt, CAatR >>\r>>b-<\ R t t . tAWt t ^ t T t f A , Rev. de la faculte des
t t M
'%, A'bft) 1 i i t / i l t ttfft CttR f t C 4 t R l t t % RtgtWT lettres et des sciences humaines, Univ. of Tehran,
tlsf*il 'stC W t f t t f W R mi t ^ t f t R t t R t t ? '3^C t t A C t l t t R t t A i * t., (t-b mi ib-^., i - 8 , tAte C4tR C4tR fttt R t c
t W % A A IRlR^RtHtCWRtltlRRCttRtMflR, Cttt Rf?RTf'R-'5f4-(il? A<ftT W C t R t ?^-fi(1#tC?? w f t 4 ? 1?tt
(ilt R f t t R t t ^ ttflAH AltfA4tC?t RtgtCWTA AtwNM, ft??t t t s A t TO; W f . ttT V. Minorsky, R T O ifeSo
stttRM Atf=tftRS C4g ^ttt ttR I W R iooft/i*}>ib-1 RCt I R t f t R t ^ M CWRTft ' t i R R t ' a t t t R R t f t t Wtft
t t A '^l<Mlt ( i l t t C A tAt? AtWAtft ^ t R TOR I f A tf?4?ttt AS I f R t M Wft?t?te?5t t t t R R i C J t f t f ^ tTORS,tC?s
W f t t f t fft t A a f t c A T t t 4 fitlHÎ^ R t t t R TOR 1 tCA A t ^ T O T ' F f ^ ?Rt A? C'TOf'R-^RlAR t t M t , t ' f t t ^ - t Wt"Q4tt5-
t t A " W t ? ^ t t A ^ ^ l ^ l R SA|C4 W l A R t R t M tsc?R I t t R ^ t A l t , t R A W i i j i J i V - i s %, v5* t . , 8 8 - * , * i t . , b8
ftfCtA f S f R , StM A t f ^ t f W T ^ R W A C t t R t t S t <3 t. i i i - A ; tttftRt, t A f e - o ; f A W t t?5tmftt tT?^,
t R A t W T O ? s t f f A f t t t iSit R t l k t R t t t f f1HCh5) RCf WtRTO-t TOT4tt-t tT?t1?-t trftft f R ! ? , in R t t t t - t
Rt^t 4fACR I (ilt R 4 R f t C t f t WttÂtR^ WC?C4t (ilttCA W t R R - t f t R , Ji>t, i - A fel-iil; .ii: .il. R t R t t f t t t t t , t f t t
f t W t R W A ^TORI C 4 t A t W t W l f t A t # R # A ftC^R ^ - t ' Q t t f W R t R R t R , C A T O i>>'!s8 I tfftAtC?? t i t
SwtR-SsRAtft t R 4 t A t t C 4 2ftC5TA RAtM 2 ( M Wtt-ftRlCRA t t l R t t C3%f w f t ?TOtTO <3?lf|?-t R f ^ ' J F t (tAtC4 ?tft?-
t A C ? t ^ t TO(Curzon, A t , A A t . asb t . ; w l A s g. t W R W l T t A ? R t A S ) ^ A t f S F f w f t ?TOt?tet?? T A ^

Lockhart, The" fall of the Safavi dynasty, t f l f ^ , TOR ( R t f ^ ? ^ - ^ p 5 f , i M . , o . o i f e - A i ) I t t f t ? - t A t R t R
% 810-b-*) I Rtt?s (il4f5 f t c t t f?tt t I A fR1R ^RIAC?? Wt?5W (-
t t R t f f?te4R
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Contents
88^
vamif mf%) w i c m i iH ( i ^ , i - i s i . , o , oaa) i m n ifim S^ mnten fin m vs Sm ntim iiten

f f i vs mf% m i mmt, arttr n ^^re^ vs wm it^m wtm n i n f f uii imtfen iteitm?
W fmm fmm Sw?tfirsfimfmcns n n *rii nt it i m mei fien fii wtm m m i i i i ien mtmrntfi
v i T o f ^ ^ 1 1 f t % t imstfiii (cm ffm, i v b ^ j , s, i m '^-t f?m Thevenot A l , i o < i - b - f i tm) vs
svsa)
iinm? iirmtimm cmrnmttfiiif mttfii attu mtm ifnt fUnti iitH itni-if^H vs S f i m ift i f f i it i
it I mr? m i iffi^ itfi mtm mt v n t t mtmi fff m Ifiien i i m wifien mtm mm i i f ? if?
f i e n
itif mititfli, im Hen ci#imtcn ii^tffcn aftir f?imfi?s ^?m im ^^ i mtn-'^ itiHi mmr
i f i e n
fititm mi cm<3 cm 03% mfTcn fiis itc mffi^ fif^ G3f? i f ? ' I t f i i e n wm fif^ citi.iffi l i i nt
ItHici "cmtt" mtm mt it 1 fSt^maii mtfi fiitnt% n (itmfi'i-ff^, i v b i , i - A , v b s ) I ifl f i i i I'ltm?
tm-t mtitm im wfvsitm mtumfi itfimtcn
T f n t - i i i ? mf
I t i e i nH f n ifim ftn ifim S m inre^
I f n
Sic? do f m 11 m' nt it i ^ i s i , i - A vh) r .iit m 'itf^m?

G3f? i m ^ i fif^ im mr ( v ^ ) i ifit
m I f c n m t m mticivs (2t#t fim, f i f mmff itmm f i m mitH imei fim^ iicn m imt'1-tnm vs I t f ?
m laêt iitiittm fll I t I Sn m^ fn iv^'sj, i - : ^ , ^h) i m 'm?fi tm iTi^
it#f?['i-imti nîtff ItHim i i cn n turn s^smfiifftm im ?ei? i H m f i m f H m m ien i

Himi iHt:i I n u m ^-fmfti i i nfi i m i n fif m fitmsrfen itiei ?f?r m?ei fimti m i m
Sit icm ncmicfiim ifnt ciGit^t irifî-itnti f i l i imrmm? mwfitei c m Hifmt
1 n m,
fimtf
i m n c n i m (ffififm) vs nr ic?fiH iten ciffici fft va f f e n f i i e ^ v a Sm ifimfi itmtei ( m f.

ficiti ifi:i (v^, i v b i ,ff-vjs,ffss.) fi^tfi^m-ititfii gu Lockhart, i., % oi-d, l o - s . ) i
1 1.
^ f i i g i ificsi (<^, ivjjst, 8 , S i b - ) I i H n mm ifiifcn f i i f mfifi i t m f v s mtwmf i t m mei i t i ^

W I T cim I t f t i n t cimvs c m v s i w i m s m v s n mwiten it mtirft itgtewi? mwitfici ti'intn? ifH
itc lUtiH Cl^lt it (Tavemier, 1. A v s ! ; Ghardin, S^mmtcnmeimmifiimnmf^fii iiti^-ieim
8 1 , hd, v j s l , i i S > - A o ; A.K.S. Lambton, Islamic society mtitfen i m m ? icit ti'itm ien c?f fiits)^ itm
in Persia, inaugural lecture, School of Oriental ie I ifl,fimi'mticnmwfifimmi?iff ^ c?i?itff
and African Studies, 1 1 i & f f S f. A A 1 . I C^^tntm? wiien fmtm iitifii iwm men ci^cg w f ?
i H l i i m imtnti fifii; ifimt i o v o b - Z i v b A ! * m imH i ? ? i i let (fitm mfii i m m-imrn', i m
m H i
m 'ifimn? emit m^fi timtn? m nfwci Citfi it-mvstffi, m . fitm f f f , cim i!^! % b - A - v s ,
fiitfifiH imci Itifm, 1. 8vs8-v!s g.) I iic?? itH-f s t m S.O hv-h, i o A 1., L. Lockhart, i.) i im? fimim
1.; 1.
fi?n ficn mmif (g.) i fif iit vs itff'itf?cmf ?nc?? i f ? f f f v s finten vs mtitiiî fn i mm m-iitm
ifmti itf%? me^ i c ^ fH fimiri mm^ iHt:i la^fiitf ttmmifften *aiH mfim fiiten ("ifim^mrm
i ^ i , 8 , v s : ^ b - - v s o ) I Itemn? itmtm? i m 'ifmtm tm -am mm?itm nt 'smn mtn^ nt 'it?n"), m ifcmi
miemfcn mesf im-^cn wu i i ? ifisii if?ei ffimen n , muenci itH fim mii iten fn m; cnm
i v b l , ff-vjj, ddi) I mt^ ? ^ i i muen fimim Hm if?ei vs tuenei
I t m m (f.) fien wntmi vs mten imm i m ?5f?ei ( ^ j . i o v b ) I
I t m i
itemi ? m # i n t , iti iten m*^ nffiiffen igii i i A i / i b - i va i v s m is>i ien mtmiiim mem
^ icim meH m ? mtn ntt fn fm itw t mtmi mitim m?eiT? cift? n a i i t a i m i ?5ni iivs8/iiAA m
im? 1 ^ mfmei? im itet tmi ficmi i m it i tiitmm fiiîtf 'sntm-n fc^ ititf cntmfif if^
ffi ifHnien ^^ftH fifen itfie^ fiemfw i i i f imw? n i iHci ii?H mr (imten f i i i fi??en
i ? i ^
mtitcn StH m mfie? i fH Sfcn imtfim wm Lockhart, f. i., f i 8 8 f. vs i?em?itfi tmimfcn

m t i t i m ficmi if?ei i v ^ i , s, s a ^ - a ; mvs g. ^5^ni, -Sim titH mmei mm ii-mvsmf i , % )>oo
A.K.S. Lambton, The office of Kalantar under f.) I infteim?iftfimifimf?iifim cimi? t i c i
the Safavids and Afshars, in Melanges Masse, vjs men lemt Sm i i let i i ^ ir^mei irf. AO uwm
cim >ji>vi,vs 'Sf.) 1
ifimf f i i n, m imtn vs c?ti-iuitfe Sm ^'si
m 'mmen itntiei tntm mm tsif f < ? i i m I t i n itimH let ?fim iffi mr i ii?H i f ^ iemi
cieg iHl n e? it'ifiT vat c?, Su fli citft t^m ( i t i f v s i t m ) ifif itmei ifim citfi n nt
I
wfiwm
11^
' I f i t f fir im n m m ^ê fit' trnnm tmititn

I
'itfimt' ( i ? i i f f itHmmfi) ifim cmnt ?m ^ vsfjrcsjtti^non
1
tntf fimn
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Contents
tnmifmr mm vg 's^mf mgicsfj -59m -m (mmi mftf 1C& i m ? m iiii'iVii<?i''-J> m i t f i m ii?H i f i m

mmift, f A-, i i ^ s - i g ) I wmci? wm '^d's timmn i m I lit n ? itH? f i m?s n n t f i t m fimf? cmsftfi
mm fft n m iwtf *iw iHfs mi I 1^<^tc?? ftf? i t m f ? m m (ritei ii'ivo/i'i<t5
f?mint-n t n t f m i m w m t m ifmit
f ^ O T a m i r f i m ficmi i m ) -"iiif rnisfic H*fl^ ii?H
^tmiti''-'^^ ^ ii8i/iiA5mm mfii timmw mti fiHi mr (imi wtHf mntf, iA'i i . ; f i t m
m m mm mmiff mwf fisftfi itd^s Sm flm ^?ntm fiif, % \'\h) I m t i i t m m i n s mm mten Mijf=f
ftft I m tmrnm Sm i^ c'ftmi mtmeat iiifi itii'si fifnt m i iivo/j.'i'b'b-'i m f m mwmf?
m
mi 1 mmm fHm i m ii mm^ ffi fn mmm mmi?^ lifmii I C ? I

m i f inmfim stti mm i fiwff immi i m f m m mm ffj
I t f i mrm mmwim cnt cn i mH?
- l t d
fim^ fmfl mim m? (Lockhart, Nadir Shah, I ' S l m m n f?tiitm c? itfm tmmitm mmtfi i t m f
i j i v o v f , % Oh I cimm mmm Si? fifi i?m?
1.) flcn, wfm m mm-n mfmnfd fH ififff fiiaci
mm I ifi??m i i s v / i i o v b m mfii m mgft mmw i t i t m in I fi tntitei f i i mmti itei (i^mf'-
f i i ?f??f
mwmf fim^sfms mmi i mfim itffcwm mimi? mtm mm m^smf % dh; 1, * m H i - i t f i , m f i - t mifimt, imt.
t n
timm i t c v s fmmrnirtwrciwfi itfifmfiit imtfi B. Beer, 1ttci >{., oo) i m f ? n ? m t

i v v v
mm imt mi 1 1 ^ mtwci m^â mfim iHmci wfi mtwmf fitm m tm tt wfm f f mei timitm
I t w m
imt mi 1 mfii mi m ^ m t i t i m m t m m f ^ i m i t n fif35 i m mmtf, ^.

( i m i wtfif i iA-b) i t w m
Hmt m I iiWi'^s'i-v m Htitm memicii n 'mfii citeafsi i t n t mci?tei mr n t

?tsfitf ftmwf? mif
mmfim ffimw^ isjm^ stmtim mmi i

i f i e H m^ fa timm im
mtftewT? cig?ieit mfiwrm itfimt (J.
imfi misiT HiJt ifm, mw^ iHiat fiit mntf

fiKii Macdonald Kinneir, A geographical memoir of
imm mm:i fifsim m i (mi wtfif mfitf, %
t>t?ict the Persian Empire, i m i V i o 'J. i i o ) , Hf iJsi
o(t 1. vs 1.; A.K.S. Lambton, Landlord and iei? f^tm<-Sit miftm m (Curzon, Itei mei Al,
peasant in Persia, f. i v o i - A ) i itfi? m n f f T i t c i 8i) I i v iiei? itm?fc timmm if i m i ^ mtfi
wimmi mifii itmm fin:^ fmm ic? i ii fH mr I m Olivier t i i t m l i t ? i m I fH tm?

it'Kh'b
imm fcf mf? i i i cititci

i f i c i n i micm
m ? ? ^ 9iim H f t ii?ft?
cifim f i f i m e n do ci, w n t i r i t w t m
fH tm fiew? w?n citm ii fiis n i tm i? tl?lDi m f i i ltd (Voyage dans L'Empire Ottoman,
m
m ii?ft? wm m f i - U f i m mifmfci f i L'Egypte et la Perse, iJtfii >>h-o<\ vol., i o i ) i i v i i
' c i n t m f ' ficmi i m i t i m f i itm ffm w m i ic?t f Morier tm fmm? m f i t f i i f i m , mte citimtirr
tH m ^5iti i-mrnm v m citft^t mtf f m

?em? f m m's cif im mr, itcim i f n r ?ifii i cn ie?i i m
Itci itn ifimm ifie men i tm? m m i m 'mf ff%e bowntiJti m im (A second
Itwm i f i m e n
mmii m mifmtf ii?H m ^ i iHm i n ifie mi' journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor,
l t d imfii?i iHm ffimei m i fite? t i m i t w ^s 1 ^ ibriV f , f i8i-A) I
mgist ifim^s mrniei? mt btf ? m m?w itm

m t i i mm f i t m itm f m n ^[itm itf m iAiVi'iS'i-v
ii-bs/iiffo ICIfH n m t i i t m i miinmfm

muFii
ICI n mfjitn i i ? H iiei? C 5 f mi n i t m i f i m
Hit i < mi itm mtfl-iTfi m f i t e i mm fim

I t i e i
n i ? t imtn f f m itwm f?egt% n , fif iti' 'mtf
wm iemwf?'Jim mtici mm ltd 'mf m m m life itm mim m n f itc i i m i m i
i A i V i v o i - A
ie?i i m i n tm cimifftf ii?H f i i ie? (imf'- iAiViiôs-ff m i i i t e n i d c? ?t?i ffî^ mmmen
mvsmf1, A88 i.) I 'mf mtnm m , ? i f i m mm ^s ie&, nf?

^sRT mvs cif ?jti mr i iît ne?
I f H (m
mfi-iti m t i i t m sm iff^f mtm citime? m <tie?) fi'tmm imfn m mtfwf"i-mîfei i t m f

fifiti mi itn i m i msi? mtfl-iti m 'mf fif^ im mr I tH flcn t i i t i t m f ? muHmtm mfim
itmnmififii n I mi?fiei i i M / i ' i ( ? i - A m i r f i nmf%=f ifHiF n - i m m n i m , e?titfliim

m titei iHiJ ifim tm mm itfii mei i t m f fimH, f i n t i fH vsmtfi
t m mi rm i f i m f m
ficmi i m I f i m Scftfei ci m mm, m i m ^s itwmii Smfimf <tf? mffi-m^m m e i m fH m t n - t

t ^ ffim c?tt m f ien in? ifim t i i t i t m mwm ntmitm fnm i ^ f l t ? ici m ? mr ( m i wtfif
mfim? itm mitm i?m? ^ ie? i ili1o/il^(^!J-^ ieiifci^ mtntf, % ivo'i
8A i . f i t m fiif, % Sipinta
i.; Ab->;
inft? fiirmtms ^ m i i^ne? 8o itwt? citei? mntH 'J. ohb- i . , 'J. 8 o V i . ; Macdonald Kinneir, kO. 113
t n t f fimi?
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Contents
88V
Morler, S e c o n d J o u r n e y , 'J. i A ; Wtf'^-^TWtft't, T^tRtttRt-ft t'ftt-t t f t t A R R t ^SJRtt*, C S ^ t t i S > t o - i

% i i A - O ; t H # T f ; % 1 8 0 - 8 ) 1 iAs>/ib-A-8 t c ? tAlttW % ; ( 8 ) fSfAlf-t^SAtftt, R t t . RlM'^-'^'^' t t S R , CAAR
^ R R R "fHR? t ^ Atcsf W t f t f ' t - R N 3 R t R t ^ - t WtWtt A t mi i J j 8 o - i 'sj.; (*) B. Spuler, Iran in Fruhislamlscher
t t i f l A l W AC4?It lAttCA ftf^T t M t t t R t t f t TOA ( t t R tAt Zeit.. Wiesbaden iS>*A (^) f A t t t t "wtft Alft, t*ftt-
t^ft! t s f t t t c t A ) mi w i f t f ' t - t t ^ s T O R s tt^? rot I t A t f t * , t t R t A t R i S > ^ 8 - * {.; ( 1 ) CRt4, RftAtt
i A 8 A / i b - A ^ - 1 t c t W t A R ftft f t W t R t f t t t t R ^ K l W ^ f t Atft*, ttftAt? iS>^!3i!3-t %; ( V ) A. chronicle of the
t I t - l W l R t t f t-tt^SRR t i t i t S ^ A t I t A ASRA t f f t t l t p - t Carmelites in Persia and the Papal Mission of

WtWtt A t t ^ l f t W f t t t t ^ t e t iA<ô/ib^^58-<^ R C t t t t t A t C t the xviith and xvilth centuries, ^ tc. R T O iS>os>
tnÂ ' W t f A t ^ ^^:C5I 1%ft WtRttA A ? I t A 8ttCtM (JJ) E . Aubin. La Perse d'aujourdhui, t J t f t ?
t t R A 4 ^ A ^ A R t R - A t S t t ftlAiRA RtC^R Cbtt 4 f t ^ tRtÂlCÂ i S > o v 'ij.; ( i o ) E. E. Beaudouia, Ispahan sous les
ft4C5 ftft f C ^ t A l ^ A t I iAft-A/ib-vOMj-t, iA<^8/ib^^5b-S> grands chahs, xviie siecle, in Urbanisme, i o t . ,
iAftft/itrvSS>-8o RASSIRC A R I A R Rt^-AjmAt t f ^ ttftCR tJtft? iJjoA ( i i ) A. Godard, Ispahan, in Wt^1?-t
ftfR W ^ A<3AtA ftf istRt RRC?A WRf tATSTtt tTAC4 % t ? , Aunales du Service Archeologique de I'lran,
i A * ^ / i b r 8 o - i RCA t f f f A f i R WIIRC A A I W t f . i f t o W t tJlM iS-ot A t . fasc, i ; ( i A ) A. V. Pope ( R t t ) , A
O s t W R tsfACR f s t R t ^ ? t M A A ( t i A t WTAlft R t t R t f t , 8 b r survey of Persian Art, wmtt^ is-ob- %; ( i o ) P.
t . , i 8 v O t . ) I iA'!s*-'ij/5>b-8V-5i> R C t R t f W ' R - f t C t A AtW^^^tCt Sykes, History of Persia. R ^ ifeift A t . ; ( i 8 ) J.
WtAR R f f t - A t ^ W t ? 3 A A I ftft i A i b t / i V a - o RCA t A A tftt^R Aubin, Etudes Safawides I. Sah Isma'il et les
4t?CR S ^ Atc t t W I ft^ i A b - t r / i b ^ l i - A mi notables de I'Iraq Persane, JESHO, A / i t . (is>*5i>
% ) ; ( i f t ) S. M. Stern, E. Beazley S A. Dobson,
iAb-Vib-IA-o Rt=R At?A f f t r ^ fAAlA tR^tAHRA S ^
The fortress of Khan Lanjan, in Iran (Journal of
AltA AA I ^ t t RACSA W f l t T t ttC ^fttt AR (^Rttt
the British Institute of Persian Studies), s-t. ( i f e t i
t R tA'ftRtlA, <J. 'Js*; f A ^ ^ M f , ^J. AVi-A; t t t t WtfAft
% ) I (ib) f A i t t t t t A p m , t t A f t t f 3 ? t ^ , in Rev. de la
W t t R l f , % i*b--S>) I i l r 1 8 'sj. ftil['R-fR1tC4 tfftAtCtA
fac. des lettres. University of Isfahan, i t . (ihba
t l * 1 l W l t R f ^ W t AA itrtri ''j. R t t t t t f t tt?rctJAttA R R t
'ij.) I ( i t ) C. O. Minasian, Shahdiz of Ismaih
Rf%tt?JC*R t f "tlRt4t ^ t t f ACtA I t A t A R A R M ^ 4 C ^
fame its siege and destruction, R T O iS>ti ^. i WC??s
JAA!! I C4tt?it lAîstRt RAJ W t A t R t I (flt W A ? t A R t f t f S ?
qRt?tft? mi ttftfc t t t t A t C t ? Scfit WtCA I at?^ tCtI
W t 4 W t ^ WtAR f f t SAtA W f t A t f t A R?tTt A t t ^
SftM ^ l ^ f t f t wM t J A s ^ f f
ttte
ttCAt^ (ibr)
1ft m
8
ttC4 I ib-VA f W t t t ^ R t f t W f t t C A SAIA WT?,tlt
M Comelius de Bruyn, Travels into Muscovy. Persia

to.'bftS I t A l A i i ARA t A H o u t u m - S c h l n d l e r t C t
TOR CA, AltM AtCA f f t t t t S t ^ f t and Part of the East Indies, t f ^STOftW tTO ftM
WftAlRPR A ^
WtR^tn V A AtWtCSA Ai|^l<MlA M t t (% i i f e - A o ; W A t J f A t t t t 41^ i^c wjft, A tea, R ^ i l i o '^.; (is>) J. Fryer,
ftAf ^ t t t t WttAft W t t R t f t R?,tJl1^ W R w M tf^fAt W f t i R Travels into persia begun in 1672, iinlshed 1681,
TOA) I i b r W ^. ftt5'R-^gRlR W S t g l ^ C R t t f t A l t AjlR ^ iibJiio ( A o ) Sir Thomas Herbert, Some years
W t A t t ? R 4 R (flsiT^R t l R t l f t ? t A îte lAtC4 t f ^ A R t AS I travels, R R i'boty ( A i ) E. Kaempfer,
t A t A SSAtfttft?iCt ib-Jj'is {. A t c fWt^r^'t-fctA Amoenitatum exoticarum politica physico-
A t W ^ ^ ^ t R 'Q^ A t t ^ R t f c Ct A S C t t R R ft?RtTOS <>lf4tlt medicarum faseiculi v...Lemgo i l i A % ; ( A A )
R ? R M AA, i f e o v o - 8 % AlftCtA atft W t a p t t Q ÂtCtA W 3 f ^ Raphael du Mans, Estat de la Perse en 1660,
(tttt Wtf?ft W l A R l f t , % i V A ) I tclRCt(I W t J t t I Wt3C5R tltt
t l t f t t ib-Jjo ( A O ) Sir Antony Sherley and his
tR"HAtCA tftt^^CtA At"3At t t t p s M I R W R tAtWA f M
Persian adventure, xCEJ. E. D. Ross, R T O i J j o o
ajft wR'git iSFCtt 'S^^tttt t U 5 ; t l R t t M ftUCSA R t t W I M T 'ij.; ( A 8 ) J. Struys, Les voyages de Jean Struys,
t f F l A t t tAtC ifI4 ftM Îl<Pl t i R R ASC? ( W t t t t t 5 . ) r en Muscovie en Tartarie en Perse aux Indes et
attt#t 8 t t A ^ t C Ct R451 5tc^ RtR Scat A R t AtttC^ plusieurs etc. par M. glanius, Wtt%t?wtR i^bb-i 'ij.;
^rit8 ( i ) f A M r A t R t R t t R , RTstttt'^ R t f S ' R - R t R t (A*) P. deUa Valle. Viaggi di Pietro della Valle,
( t t A t f ' R - R t R t t t ) , M ' W t ^ ' R - f R t t R , CAAtR i V I I - V o % ; C?ft i ^ f t o 'ij.; (A'b) J. Hanway An historical account
(A) t t t t AtRtt Wtftft WttRlft, t'ftt-t t t V t A l ' t ^ AR, of the British trade over the Caspian Sea^, R ^
CAArt i>i)88 ( v o ) 'Wtft W t ^ t t f ^ t t R t t , t t f t t - t R t t i l i b A % A t . ; ( A t ) T. J. Krusinski, Histoire de la
t t R t f 1?tC4R
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
8Sh
demiere revolution de Perse, A I C Q . , C i t i<\Abr HH, ?n uHi ifl ' Q im ilH'f l i f e icnta uwf?
tl. I f - l^mmt. The history of the revolution of f?uit3it i ^ iun ifntcn I ' m ? i i ?si fisfm ni?t
Persia taken from the memoirs of Father c? liff? S ^ n nt c? mci ^ itHT f35t ntfn
Kruslnski,15m i<\AV %, Dublin 1729; ( A V ) J. Otter, i t u f e f i u u>flU fiucitu it I i f i mil iftf^
Voyage en Turquie et en Perse, t l t H l i 1 8 v ( . ; iuufi? iic?u m n i f n i^firfii icT? Stci lUin
(Ai*) A. Arnold, Through Persia by caravan, 1 ^ fimm m fiHu U'QU m t m ici= m n ^c? u i
i V l l i f ; (oo) R. B. M. Binning, A Journal of ' m ? f f ifiuicn i Atct t8ic?i^f%itf itfiwj cigH?
two years travel in Persia Ceylon, etc., i m i V f f i ufimt m "Q iti-u^fiut u n iHi mif<? c? ^
iS; E . L. Bishop, Journeys in Persia and liftc m t l if?, m c? mitHc fsuif f i t i i i
Kurdistan, m i v j > i A l C S ; (A) C. A. de Bode, Ui ifim. Sum i H w n utn npit-fkat? icu ftffici
Travels in Luristan and Arabistan, i m itrSff fifi ntcitiff nfmftvQ i c n m fifi mfs iru
Af; Mme. J. Dieulafoy, La Perse, t l t f e iVbr<i itftumfl i n f f , m tuHt itfif icn lUtuu
'^.; ( 8 ) A. V. Williams Jackson, Persia Past and m m - i i H i m m u n n H m i i fni^t m
Present, HS t n iJô %; Ke Porter, Travels, f&ut c m ? i t i ?fi?tci I itiî-?twuf? ifîtuH
m iVAi i f ; () J. Morier, A joumey through (nuuH) mfi fûi^ ;ii c i f mtt ci, ':!ci Sflrfi
Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor t o ^^lUit? nHiUtvQ in-f'f uf fim>sfi m fH i H n
Constaninople, in the years 1 8 0 8 and 1 8 0 9 , i m nfifm n t i f c c? fiiti m m ' mit? uwitm "Q
iViA (vo'i) F. Stack, Six months in Persia, 1 ? Huliair muu fn Sum i ? f t i f f v s f i c i mru i c S f c S t
ivvA % AU; Gazetteer of Persia, Hmf iJs.iV ficii if?c itH I tiirm iif? fiiti c f n m f ^ cm^s
A U , A^-8Js. 1 f f f f nitci mr i f i i i ci m uHitf^ iifi? icu
A. K. S. Lambton (E. I.^)/s|1fltUHUti ii?ft? i f ^ f f&fiu l t d Sum icut t m m i fiH
A I fumf^ Hu4mf u'fH^stH J tnfucn U f ? I t c i n t utc itc? I ittHtitc? ii?H ntfiim * t i i t ^
n H ut^Hi nfH c<t>iifw c? tntf f?ill^<i fHasiH ^tci 1^ m m fitffii v&fu iguf uit t^, itu, t^,
n m , 'spt tsif f< H^t f f U a r Htcin Hu*H?iCi ii?H? din fi ituuH mt I f t f fifi i^ffc iiH?f^?iCi
litu wt? Sucn u?# m m ?Hun inc^ ciuusufiu f ? ? , Su f i t i f i ituci I itUiffi i m >iici? Sic?
ift?m Hutu Ufm Sum ntfn 'suf f< ^Hâlt ^srtmft^ttc? i i m . itmi'sH (fftfi itifci i
iu:?? c? S ^ n ^ iflû f^cm u:u m H , m c u m c ^ * i f i 4 i c n cwm Sucnci, m fi nutm fiiti itisfi?
Su Ufttu SHmtci 1 ui^ f ? f m ifuHn min'sHT:, icsf f m I U utc i t c ? I i^ficvQ nc? nc? ftijficst?
t m u m UT ?iHf< m m i m ifûff itn iûr Seii I t f i itilcsi I 2|^lf^<t> ifiuntfifui itufi? wf
i?af<a iHutti cwit uttHu *?iit^ uitU ^gtm nuH VQ funcuum ir?wfii mci i t # i tiititm f 5 f i
UtUci, uum uici i5ti i?t^ i m u ui^ ut i if? uf iiai'sH VQ ^m F-tr<f iffliiTf fitu i t ? * t i i t
TsHi in? f n A n d r e G o d a r d (Ji do H?'Q i H l I t U U SiHciisfi mH imu uti itcci i fififs ftisfi?
n m 1 ? } % ^ i ^ f H ^ fHuf if um, tu itc S^ I C U fgi, u?fm, m, f l , fim, Him/f?-t uum
W t H f ? Hmtn c? cutt 1 ? ?j? ituci tu uic m^ i m i t i t i s t i i i^t icnft? U I c m fti^sî
cutf^ UsiU uu utc uc? I i i i / i ' i i ici? cim Hci Scf icuu I v ^ m f t n i t i ^ mti ^ ^ u f f i itc
H ^ nntft VQ i?c?w chardin-n iiUic ntfi i f f < *tmcim if%f mgfn i t i lis i m fn nt
ivbAH sfiHti,8b-H ucusf, i v o A H n u f t m iffitit â cm cmH diiivs i t i f i f Atcci I
A^vs f f citnum f i m vît i u f iticUuH f 5 ?ct i n i citgft? I C U uifmt ^ I t i t n us nfmft?
t?tm tntf tHitci c? iilt u n itc n
i i / i i iH iTucnci ficiiun mtcui fic itn i n H itfi
ts^P^fcf ^sm itn iHu itHuci, m ut-iut
vit fiiinci Sm mrm fiuir itucn itci l u m i
u n m ittHfif? mtH?s Mitj, Hcii Hitcef? tHi t s n ^ m ^ n H siîf^4 m i m m ifiuci i i??f
iH i m uf v&Hcu? n mff mfmt i m f i f nti VQ itmtH lugva nHtiftc 8vbff/io\A n itc
ittHiut? i H u f 5 . i t ic?s tiutifci ititf
i i i / i i i 8b-(f/io5An iis i m t f i ufii ifm fcn fuoicuu
uw??ci? ifl irmi? iHcn ifitm ic?t HH n t
i i fiTflitf^ fûfH n iîUQ ii3ltHu?fi?tcifu cucstn
iitHi iusi I t f t (ti/ii^ -ncn-Q (mr^ mim n ) I t i i f ? I C I I Sue <M/iii m i tm m t f ?iei?
t m f fiiem
t.H.(t/ff'i
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
8(fo
men HtiTtifi ?ft?rtri tif ^ I iti ts^wfifit fin I H f f lif?

Hfuo C f f ? iinif ie? ,iti
v3 I i t f i m ^3
^ t H m m 151^1 cfm t t m (>i*M< mr ^ m ,ifîif ifiemm ifif< fir meim if?e itf?ei 1
it?ic^, <ilt^tc^ cim i f n Sicf?if-1ifn ms? ifi n t iHe?tf? lem iw ne? fifi f&Hi f n mwititift,
filifisH I îjit? ûcn imt fici Sm nen <ltlci I C I mm fifim? i ? i 3 t it? it?t mfic?,
iooViffSftb-
n m ftlt itft? ms? ifi ism S m miftci itnff tiititiei i t i ' I f i i e n mten emu nft if?e?ft wn-
fti! fff%e i f îHitei fif lift iffi
I ittfiit ciftm-ilfe if?l I C ? nt titei fm iH?5nt? iif?iti
m
imei it lT-iif1ffn f?f%gmt t m if tfiti n m itifii m w n fatit ?m m 1

mifcnci ititstts iflitci i cmt m mmfii IT urnsi&
ifiif i t ? m - t m mmti luf lift uwf? nf?
m^ iHm cut mr mt i t m tfîtei? mr nmfiemf is^dwnei i?uff ^îiiii mtu iNiitf ituiun f ^
ii?r urn msitiiiîi irtirt? imt iei wfiitm ci?, m? iff fiiten uu stuti ^ iHe uen e? i A i / i v i 1
>fiii fi 'Wm lifm' imei m ntt mmi imti mfim iei ?f? Sem?u fifi imm Segieuu mmt\ ittHm
im itmei mm imi im m m i m s?t i -iit ^ itc i i A V i * i i 8 icn I C U fifi uen-t
iiib-/i*io^
t t ? e i ? m i Q m n m m ? imir m m f i imfi ^mei i m I t n t i t ntii} m t f irftumft, mm if mstfâ

I f msameit lSi m ,iei fifi n 'sm^ff fium fn I mwtifi mci mmi-mf mfimii ii
tmmsffici mrff miei tifiifi if?mt iSi ( i t i ^ - m fifi ^îm it?cifim fiwraH^s i m Sesieuu
us i i 3 c n 1
tntf miei fifi m i t U fffif? if? liifir nHtci? >fitn mitifeuifci mwf? ftuuff? cifi 'Sifitj'sfi?
m?fr >iit?iit fn), ^^^fiei it?it mfwm? timifei? it?tun^f? I.
f?rmf%i itffn fijiTt?f ? f 5 i n n? i t i 'miii i i f n t i ' i t m lif? ifif'f êm nft f&mneir
I i m f
mwmfici mfiime? t m c? wtnmf'f if?i?im ie?i, iûei c? m ittHm itfi= mfim C i i nt ^mei, miten
ii?ft? i3Fff*f itffn f^cm m ,iiiff f1^fi ^fSli? n e n citfii '?fitT m^ fifSn ftijfiw-u5m i t i
Itm? ifnmft imei îitr mit mif we^ i mmt #15 itufil m m i i mfti -îwut nfftei Gobineau- 1
iSi,mmmf'2?Pnfe? i f i t i mwa i t i f ^ irm? ci n f i n n imeifntfii Snfm mm 'f^f-fm? m

cn mwitiiei? Ifif S ^ fH m i?m-t i t i - n i t i f ^ fisf? vs cuue?? i n i ' Uim i"fu im ititci 1 icifif? tm
if?i?rm itfm fif? if?e ite? i c? i?ri m ^ i nf? itit?Hfit nft gme^ I t f f ? 1
nfmftei ii?fcf? ^ i i - t it^fitm w A? i t i 'mmti tm I t n fUtf? f?r CI m n n t f ' s i f m iftmen

? s ^ fifi ?v^m cifitei? icim cifflei itf?? if??ffli, v f l t i i ^ c i i cmum ifin fiuen itu nt m ci,
f m t 1
mit >iit c i ^ ^êt ' S I it?ici I tif mwititi v3 f n fcn <iit m t f cifiif:i ite fi^tiHfn vs
'^rf%?i5i
mmti Itn mm? i f # i f mfim fiif fici fim cn itf%Hur n f ? ienuiT<f ifium nr i t e ? rmm iei
^titei mmft Sw mfim
I mm 'a?t?f m cif l i ^
ite ftft fti-?icn i"fu nfi nft Mitjf< tfiti itus
ffi
fimei I Sifvs iooVi*s>b- iei f i i e n ftiTiffi mien fitme? ? f 5 ^^ci I

i t i f i i ifcitfifi m n ite^fiifieaf citf ct?ififit I ife? n n t f c n finf
i f i # f i 5 > i ien
iff? mm cift it?m-t mîcij,<?io n t ief ib<t fitt? cimten c? i n Hnf fcit Sfifi ituei, , m fien
mmnfifit n m?ei=aj i imif mmft <j?ii?-mfiesir? ifmffi cffn fi^f%? nt f i i t f i f i S<li?ifiut lenm
fiifie ifif< nft fimm f i n i l e i t n ifif ifmf me< fiems fntfi? m j Sesiemu s (i) p. Ceste,
mvs
wnnme? fmfi cmf n t ci fieitfittenva ifii Monuments modemes de la Perse, i T t f i i i\rb'{

ziijRfit mmim mm iHciftrnitimi-Sm firtifei Sarre, Denkmaler perslsphen
ff-vsvfa; ( A ) F.
i-f=f fcitf i f i i t e i i fif i i m 'Ifimen ?lwî'iw? Baukunst, I f f ^ A. U . i5>oi-io ^ . ivs (xo)
ciimei cmrnen ( i m u f S^jf^ itemmn wrnm) Pope. Survey of Persian Art,

1^
Al. %il % is>s>
3fmte< c? m ittfim fn, ieiT i t ^ mwif? h(t8-b8,

1 ^ 1
(8)
iovso-vOA, io<\<\-b-o, ii<\S>-iAoi, i 8 o 8 - i o ;
mifm-t m (fiifimi i mr m iei), M. B. Smith, The fVElnars of Isfahan,mi't?-ttm-n

ioAi/i^JsiA-i^
iifiif mfm-t m i f f m iei it?s), i i .

(ioiVi'ôvo
^.), f. (<t) A. and Y. Godard.
(iS)vsvb voivs-ffbr;
^ m cmi citf mwit? fiifieieg? (mwten) Notes eplgraphlques sur les minarets d'Isfahan,
(io^Vi'JsAo
fifi) tmfiei
ICI f^-fifi t5? Hf%e
i c i fi f ?
f. (b) A. Godard, timti, I t i n - t %ri,
i i
m Itim ii Hfi 'iff mf mwititen iiremij i t g i f i i

vsvbi-ff;
(i5v5<\ ^. Al. (<i) ^ Le Tombeau de

'^.), <\-i<\vb; C i n ,
f?c?r& i t ? l c i I i t i t i f t ? -^1^ f i f t i ^c Baba Kasem et la Madrasa Imaml, im?-t ^m->ii
t m f f i i e m
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
8ffi
81., (iSi.8J ^ . ) , {. ivfaff-b-vs; (V) G. Wiet, Inscriptions Al, i, Off ; A l , % i8A, i8ff) m? im Seî iHmen;
Koufiques de Perse, in Melanges Maspero,
Pachymeres, A l , o8ff ^ . ^3 Sff^b 1. 8*^53 1. fm? im
(iS8o ^ . ) , {. iA'l-o^b; (fe) M. Siroux, La Mosquree
fifimen Soiumompakm fim SmHirfiii fien s
Shaya et I'Imam-Zadeh Ismael a Ispahan, in
( i ) mm?
f g t?mfi i t i t ; (A) 'mfii ci-mf? m ' f i - n
Melanges Islamologiques, if., (ife(2-8 ^ . , ) , {. i-ffi;
f 5 v3 -mifm-fi-n c'ffs! (mtg. <^8v!}/io8ff); () wtltfm-fi
( 1 0 ) D. N. Wilber, The Architecture of Islamic mmfi-'mfii ci->a? far, 'Sntfim f f i i titei ?fiei
Iran, the Ilkhanid period, fitiBi ifeffff fmtl f n , f. vrH/iovd ; (8) fimrni c?, mtmfi-n fg,
iife-A8, i O V , i 8 i - 8 f f , i 8 S - f f 8 , i v b i - ' l A , i ' l f e - b - o , iVA-tr;

mtmri ' i v i - i v s v f f n h a / ^ o h o , f ? e n f i n i i mmfi
( 1 1 ) W ifsfilt f i c i l m M . van Berchem. mitei imr if?m mwi m ifim c n (Rev Hist., ^svfe i .
Une Inscription du sultan mongole Uldjaitu, in m , Siitfim tfitm mfitf fir?im c?-n cim Seii
Melanges Hartwig Derenbourg. llfHl i f e o f e ^ . ir^sm im m, cititei cut m? ci, mmfi f i i <^feff/ifev5
vsib'l-'lb-; (iA) A. Gabriel, Le Masdjid-i Djum'a 113 mwf i%tflen); (ff) fmfnm-fi tieifnt?, mrnfi-
d'Isfahan, in Ars Islamica. A L , (ife^ff % ^ 1 - 8 8 ; ( i ) n fg, b - o f f / i o A - * ff^ tite^ imm f?gstff^ ?se?i i
A. Godard, Historilue du Masdjid-e DjumEa ffi A A ?tmim, V8o/A'ii C i m t f , i 8 8 o t i f i t i 1C?1 I
d'Isfahan. m i ? - t i i . (ifeo^b ^.), ^J. Aio-b-A; A l . mfitfii v A o / i 8 i H ffi cmittm (beYO) m?fif?v3
(ifeo'l'[.), 'J. f f o - f f i , 1 .
(ife8'l ^ . ) , {. vsiff-A^b;(i8) J. iti'dwi n? wtfii cwm f ? c n i i firm? fi?^ n t
Sauvaget, Observations sur quelques mosquees m tm? i f i i ^ m i 3 i m ^ ^îim fitm f?ien fiit itfm
seldjoukides, i m f i f A. I. E. O.-c, 8 1 . (ifeov f ) , fie m m n ; t??tfi, tfi tmcifnt?-n faj,
f . V i - i A o ; (iff)lttifiimfMfim J. Carswell, New b - 8 0 / i 8 0 f e ) r ( t H / i 8 8 o ; (H) t n f ^ , tfi t??rfl-v^ fat,
Julfa, the Armenian churches and other m? tt f i f i i mi;mi-vi? mtn? f?c^ fiwf fmti A?
buildings, m W K ^ ife^bV \ fitmi
i i fitiiiii^) n (ir!j8/i8v!}o)
n t fifie?nHtei
J. Sourdl-Thomine (E. f . ) / f 1 l 1 t i t f t l H irm mm i ^fit wmitft fin mmei iptftnci stmi
^ - t W t ^ I t f l - l t l t W t n 11^)
?5f??rf|cn fifi tnten mm?-mm f i m iffim-t
{S.
tm#tw {S. m'm-fi n f i ) fitf (^ M L I . . . o . i - j > i ^ ) I t n nitfi H I i f ^ i f
tTfC^Ff^nmr â'tsj ( j i i i .-.^ ...i) g n f t f r f i H mt ien iHm wtm m? i

Itwtm Iti, 'ii/iom cnmei, s ^ - i f ^ 4%t i t t m tim mt f i f i i mtimi, f f i itimff mfif
fsrtffi ir^piteitfimtt? ixit i t i m i m f i rnirgf S n mmei? fiit n t n ie?i, m fin A? ^t^tmen
(^j -I-... -) ?twiajffiim 1 m ciimitcitm^ ffi? m ifStfêmiei stit?i ien, n fin A?
Itm CSI mtn t m f m i m ( ^ - M mm itc i o i / i v b i mici mmfi titei nrnn f i i ien i mma f a fir fitmi
mnt f i f i i m i c i i f - v i ? im i t t ; Sm tiii'*f'=i ci-n mt fitei? n imtci fimi ien nt tim ctew mmf ^
f i f i i mtiim-vit? im i t c i 'jf i i r n i t i f i i i t m f m i m fstm itit'fimi A ? C l f l o? fm? mten S^ H f V3
vstfrnm ifi 'mrgfiitti^' 'Sn i imfT'-fi t n miK inf?

m t n nf ie?i, fien ifim mmf itit fim
( f n ) mnm ^ i t m atfttm fmm i f i i t mfim n t n fmen fif^ mtHmtci (fitfi?) ?eig ? i f ^ i stm? stemi
n fifi. m i m f cwm? wmf? m ifi?tficn ffi A? ^f^cvs nm n i ffi fifii mrimif tieif%?m-vsifien
I i
i t i ^ ((bvi/iAVA->!3fe Vi^v)-vi? ic5f frnt fi^ n , i t i m ^ mtfi ?timfim M ? ien (rfiim i i f ? m im irfii
m m ic?i n t vbfeo/iAfei (fciwfwntf? fne) itci t n n t f i 113 n t tieifm?m-v3if ?tw?tm WIT fifii
t i i f mntm imitf i ^ f ? fifw cwmfi? i<=f? fi^p? mimif
rnift? Smn ?>e?i) i îtt ?tm Smfiitfiii ^fiem
n 1 fifi fl? .c? mmf mm, fifi mvsHm-n m (AI, ?fi?ten nt iii/i'im fei? ?i: i n f ? c n 'S^mfim
iHo) (LAJJ^) W? i c n , ?if^ fmm iHm m I t i fif3 ^m mtm? mtitm cim cn n fitmen i m i
1? I tm? f ^ >stt'S'i-f 1 f i t i i t i Itmr itfimien icm fifii rnimificn im^s Smtfi n ;
( H o o / i o i ' i 8 o / i o 8 o 2 ( m ^ i r f c n mfiim itfim n ,
cmt fiten itng <3 mtf?-wrien m iiten srm
f i f m m f i m cmiir i c n n t firmi (Sinope) w? Jimfti nti ftfi ^m mfiefli i
i c ? i Sm n I W A ? mm^cn n m ? mfime? f l i i
I
>4t ?titftm i m fif? t n f ^ c?-n mHm, mit
t n m^t, ( A t , 8 o ) , fiUj^'^-f^ (Not., et Entr., i 1 . , ^ f f < ? ) l - t ^gimf, Rieu-C ?fi=, Catal of Turkish
A8o-o(bi 1 . ) v3 m^m-fim' (Geographic, imt. Reinaud, MSS., ^ ittcif, A <3 mmf itm ?ti
t n t f fiitem
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
l f C f t % t l 1 f
t f C f M m - ^ t f AS?ttfMf Clavljo, >!>A, t ? 5 ^ Ctt f?(A AIA Scat TOA ?lt ; i 8
^fftt-t Rif, i t . , OS. ; i iTOC^5 . R l f i T - f f t , it., A V I ;
- ii9 t A C ^ ^ 5 . T f f " t - f t A i t , oib", ;î mm ftftfA-iiiA t r : ^

I ^^fttlAAAÂ, i t , Afto ; f W t ? AA fAtCffA WTtA tC5f flAtA
AI t i R f V f ? (-fts? (R *fwf i n ?) ftAtA 5 . Dukas, A8o ; R l f R - f f t , i t . , 0 8 0 ^ o mm
fR%r Rev. Hist., o5>o ; A 8 mms. A l t t T A r J # , i o * 8 ;

I I A'SsTOC^5 . t l f ' t - f f t , i t , 8 1 8 , 8 I'll I
sr5t# % ( i ) fCAt^TtAtft, tlAI'tfR-WttATA, Ot, A5

I t. ; ( A ) AtftA ÂTAft, ATf!%-t ttRft, R? 80 (=RR5f,
I \ tttACW? 1. i o A i 9 - i o * b r ) ; ( o ) Revue Historique publice
<t I t ? ? l % 5 f , lb I "Wtft c? ; 1 I Nastratio ; b-1 ' W i f t R C?
par I'lnstitut d'Histoire Ottomane, 382-392
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Contents
t n 8(^^
cm ira i M f H itc cit frcn fa^ci (Rhumb) n r n i t u U C I 1 f i f i t u i c m I t m (._.s I = Sufi) f i t u

1wr' I lilt n ^ I f i m lwt' iHiHH'l cirwr s ^ ir um (j^) uft, u e n cm f i - n i f S i m m-a ififi
cirwr i f i c i i fiiit i tiir' i n f f uift fifs ^ e i lilt cicui? u t i finf uff, cii u
I
f m r f i i f n r i igitff t i i r ' - n stf i t i fi^ i f i i f t cit3ii i f ? K n m m I iucw? fi?, ifnti'si^ff ufwi?
n I s t n f i n tit itfiiei? irtsei? ifi ifiif ^j^ i cwt 's?/s>i ien ciuti itc f i m iei u m i m f c i
f i f I t n ciffiur i m f f i f i ftfiir inr i w ( i s * o - i ^ i Sufi? u i m a m ^ utc U C I i
(.) t i i r ' - v q ? i f i i r i fifit i t i r i n m i wtf ir
i 1 1 3 1
( i ) f i u (f.), umi I t f (irmâ fir) i i u Sm
cci fif^-^vsi f|i m\ C I H f i c n i m n^cn 5*i<i ci (itm-a irr) cuci i f ^ f u u m f i u ?u n i ?u m i f -
fif^ ciir I t t nt l i c i ^ i f c n wu itit itfic H f i , Sf"i-itm I
ire? I m m ? ?i?i i f i i r i f n obo" cs-^ss t i i t ' (ift. ( A ) t f i , U U C I I t m -a t i l ?u 1 ? ifiei: i m
i tiiT'-i'0'J5^), e? tit f n m^ f f i i t w n Itur 1 i t ? i m I tit ?mi iitcnitc ite? 8
f i n i i m stf rhumb-n Swr? icu gmtu cn? uHfiei c? ^ f f l ic? tu? u r i 8 t i u ' f i T ^ <a fajmtci ?j?^ n i ?u m - i t m , m m ,
vapfjfifjp^
(ufiiei? n u n i t i f ) ^ît i3ft ?mr? if?ei n t mrti, f i t m , u f i i umi c m cmft ' m f mt?
cwjiffimen u?i ciUi ci, tit i t l b.bh ffst 1 fut i f i e i n n r ? m neuei, I U ir^-ufiu (j_î) m m s
tiu' Itut uur? ?5f?ei 1 u H c m ^ i ? T u i i , u i j f e m (?u 'mm/m-'mmst^fi
fcuf? ifiimr?t? c n f ^ . ^ i A tiu'ât Itfieivs ifiirti cwm i u ? ( m - ) Uftt i ^ f i v s ?ft?m i
i f f i ? i I f n i i f i u fiH^ I t i fifit i f i u e n 1 fgfcii e t f i H ^ ? i f cmsp m i (î__o_a^)-? ff%e S m
(Prlncep) m i n e n (Precession) 1 U fic?nr i H u . r . " . n f i ( ? u . n t j_a.)nj^Sal
tiu*? I f i u i iofes i e n wu i(2"j3' n t i f f f f o i e n wu i-su i ? u n w m I I f c? c m u%? m ^^fifit i-sm
" fifit ?jen 1 g. Ferrand i f f o o i e n wu tli? Uisftci srrat i-ij .^....j-i-îei ?j?At? i u n , m i^fi
i f i u i fifit i e n i8(2-'"i ' m ? i i mm itUT? ift f f i f u f iem?cnîj_cifteiSu?rmsf?im ciu
l i e u c m f 1 f 6 U cn u t m t e n ufiirti i t n n? m 1 i f i i f umi u?f f f i m r n fu m mcwm
f ? i t f i f i ite sTT'S n t n n t n e n m 1 ircwt
fwrf f m u, I U u j L i . u u f m ? m i uu?i
i i t n I f i u e n s t f u e n wu f ? c i f u[m n l e n u
< . - j _ k
^ m srrfi u e n c m i m f ( i ) [firm,
i u m u s t f ite? u 1 tPi4t?
m - f f i w r iff] fitu t m e n i n f c n i H n ?i%?

i f i i f 8 ( i ) G. Ferrand, Instruction nautiques f S m (u), 'irf (u), 'Sim (u) i f i i m ftfiu Utuei i
arabes et portugais, pans 1921-8, i i A l , m u i t n
'^fci ittemtc iitfi t?f'i-utif? wmuuf"i-
ufwi va f i m t i mr-Ufff? irîfi; tU? m ^ ^ , i .
ivbvb
um-iii " ^ f n i f i cific uvsum I .

Introduction a. I'astronomie naiitique arabe, L.
(1) m - f n m m m u t e m Sfifi u n ^
f i f i ? ^
de Saussure-n f n t (A) Ferrand. J. Princep,
(^l_^l) = Abraham; t i m (jl ...1) = Isaac; f U
Note of the nautical instruments of the Arabs,
in J. Asiatic. Soc. of Bengal, 1836, 784-94, ^ ) = Moses ; t l ^ l ' * f 1 (Jj^Lo_^l) - Ishmail.
Hammer Purgstall-n U f f i Sidi Celebi'-r - ( 1 ) i m ficiem iteuei i f ^ c i f f i i u n ^ 8
T j t f t
Extracts from the Mohit, that is the Ocean, a ( i ) I t m fitu f m c m i i t n u t n ' m i (tm
Turkish work on navigations in the Indian seas, U I ) [m-irnt'Si-iiu 5.I u?m f n r i f ^ 1 t n t i iufi
in J. As. Soc. of Bengal (1834-39)-vq?lfl ItCUfw; Dsm m m f i H i e n iifti Situ c n m uci ' i m
(o) G. R. Tibbetts, Arab Navigation in the Indian cuci i f ^ c f f i i u n ^ igfu it?ic^ 1 ( a ) ifm? u t n
Ocean before the coming of the Portuguese. ^ fieiuff^ i m t c i i f ^ u n f i ( i u f i ? i f i n = i M n
G. tnti
R.'Tibbetts (E. I.^)/CUltU=f - a u f l ^ l
m) t u e n i r f i t f i t i -s c i m r f i f ^c it^f
( 1 )
u n f i (?u f i u - s , w t f f i , i m t ) i () f f u i u j i
t ^ ( I ) ? ir' t m t r f f i f i t f ' m f tu? c m (ir?nii, f i f i i , f f ? ) \ f f wtf%? c i m n s t i e i m
? i f ^ f f m uit?i (i) f i u (A j .<:) (A) t n () l u s f t e s T ftw? I t s n liitsfi f n n u n ? t i i u i
u m (,_.,), (8) f i f u (A j ,.,-Q -ilt m u t i i t u ifl ( i f i - Q i f fif n m ) I m - Q i f n ?m-f?ffii; fifiu
t m f fiitem
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Contents
t^ 8(2-8 t n
IC? I c?n uffueii = fimei? fg,; i t f i i m-itmuei

S f m mn ltd ttif5 % n i mtf i f c i msfi m
vfit m-um ifnift? ttititen f a i ; f f uu ucii='ffu m
sr#f m i t i i c i v a i^fimtf mmticn sifc? mf gtii. f m
fg' I f f i m ' v a i f liiit me< ? T ? ^ I?, e? 'mtfimen
<^ti tnm sf#i itmci 111 cwm ?tei ICI, m t n mHwi Htu itnesff? cwm Su ?j?i
fiitf w ? i t
im s irn = Hmm), (mifi) mt?nm = (tm?s), itfn n I I U Hucitff ="Hui-n fg" i iît nen 'ucii' n t
(=im uf), I f f i (=mst Hi) tsJlH I câtHclci iTsrsH'vaff'-f<? n t U m i f ^ fim u itu mH^ 'jifm?
ti^mim mHm stmi ic? s c?fC? (='am'-iiiifHiFci men S^nrfiitf fifg iH?rcn m cuiwen n ?ii Smei
iHfoituei, cm cmiaûentirm n H citeamm
luf mm itcw? n), f ?fi ("ci irfnr i f f i " - i i i ? mcnsH
vj^H^m wn mstcn n ; f i-'mtf f m-iim mm ^t^^ (fim) m t u fiut 'Siuf Sfe?? ?ti?? ifiu uH ie? i
mrn^ m o mt^), itfifm ("ci H# îfcicm inr ntfc? 'mt?f "tmH cm fim u m m i f ^ u itu
t n '
nm mntci cm fcn Hit mfm iHir uHci) i tiHi cm fif fgm f?titc lie? cm, t n m n . t n i t ^ t n
SnHem m t ? itc stt^ m (iir Hen "ci itHu

cif3f fu, t n imti ( I t u m uu uen) i
mtci"); (1) tsnm Hem icn HHe ^jft mcm f i f U ' m >i)iH fieni n , um cici t-stT?
(8)
cm cwm atmifi, lit tfi-, H'lm, Hff) i 'Siuf f ^ 1?, "=31 tit S ^ 1? ?jr^Hcien citat u ?tcn m
fci m t n lilt m mr itit it i (w) mmfn SiiH itc, ie? im 'Zifi w^rtfi u mtifcn m ite, cm
H f n m (ticîtmfnmfcsnf.) I cm cwm nft m m miu m^guen m n t ciâificici
cm ^ u
() u m u i v U U f i i f , /^fîcn fffwc stHH uen m itc i iiitie? cm cuei? fiit
C i m
fiusci t n (5.) 'mfci? f3t' Hffi ltd I mHitlt? f n icnH fifU' itfic uc? uir I M M U U ? I itc n t f i s F c i
m feiten êi Sm Hfi uen stiu?f Hfo, 'mfci? fien f 11?'* mc< n t imm m f i t f f um^m? fiei
iur m " S i n I fiHm <^Hutiiii ffiwc n cif mtui ufiu titci m I U 1? I cm, m - f u f mti-itfif m -
fuen ( I t m i m ) Uiuf imm-u^Hf m--mi??tf
Seii i u n m Hcmt ien, 'sH = 'fsmm
Sf iHu ueii, m cm stHiHuf uf^tf? cwm Hsu Iteitei, I f f i m ciicanv|, Uiitei? mfiuf, m s n
HuH finen wu câsfieiei fmt 'ifiien men i f ? mrsHiuf, cum i ficn ^ m<t, cim luH sfr?t uuc
tfiitf^ icn e i sfBHr f H mfuf mm t f i i i 't' sfj? uf cim n s m - itfif i 'mt?f fm fiim
fifsnien n u ^ ifcn leut fitnr uu n i itm fm limt ficifn m?i? ( j i ) mm; fif urffe u m u i
tfim I C U ^ f ^ i c n n u m f n ufmi t n m<f^ f f i i U i ^ mmfi fifUftcium cic? 'H' u 'f'
m f^ mu mtci t f i i t f ^ i ? 8 m mtu (iu 'mtf t n
2lj? fa; n i M l b ? men iiutci ftn ie? i. cm t?fi?H
m t f iHi) H n n i iH tfmren n t f i f u m mf^ 'mtf fimt, (mrit)-n ufimr I f f f n t " i ^ Sten
" t m ? ,
t ^ u sff mirf ^ uf^ tHitf^ n, n ci-i^Rciei um m i ?H itu iHei fir t^ i f i e i fcai? itei
ntn suH m-mtfm m-xsnm m uwsmtu itci f i f U î^t^ if?e ite? I
s msm m - m t f m t n uiHm w t ^ m u t n m m mm f i ^ iif?ir? mti itmt m iH i? i
lilt
m-mfim t n m t f mmi i tntei n f f w ci m us- m m ? ' liiiH l u i f n mtut I umi fiium ic? ftn
fificn wiiutii tmm i n ien m, st^li f H mfuf iHu Sitei cm cm cii3t n H Sim, men cmst îiiH
iueneiHen 'Smf uwûtci'm^ (mm 'mtn Siffnici cui I U m I mfif mtitc? tit n H ?'*Htîi
mtm? C I cm m) u m m i u it i m u s t ^ r s Siitniei m m Wti mtfHi Mitj? mei f^ itu
stm U C I uu itut v^tii ntt mfi u m m m i u mei I cm mt--'tfi 'fff', m-mt'^m mnt', m -
^ ; cm cm f i f i i m sfTm fitu m ^tf<
mtUi '?H?', tit t ^ - n ic? ?ei i iit i?^ mmm i i m
f i f i i cwm I
(um), I U m-Hm 'uu' (=iii mm) i f H mcim
m f fm mtn t n '*t^ m fiu îfnc^tmrci n Hmifn iHiu I C I ?5U 1? I
t' m m I U n ; cm, irm-t mum' i i m uffii uiuen m?tf i f i t n n f%^ i?ei? m n (=SitH)
uf muiu fifim ciei umi t n *tmH m u i ^ n i l l lf?e1 (B. Lewis f i f i The Regnal Tilies of
U ; nt m f i m uiefiei iteitei ituitfi ftn i u ns the first Abbasid Caliphs f n finf, in Dr. Zakir
mfim 'mtf-'mtf? fg mtim i f f c n mfi?ei tufu Husain Presentation volume, i m t f i f f ife'tofr (.
<^(.wm fim m, Sim u Sufi? cmtci uwi (^jj)

i - A A f.) nt titen m g n d m f i i r t i i ? i i f fifii nii
mft C U I iHu tu fcsRt t n mf^ if uei? i e i ftn if?ei I cm m - u f i "mf^ iei fiUS", m -
iiit?ii
t.H.(t/(fb t m f fiitem
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Contents
tn tn
*um'-n mtcu
115 f i f i iitficnci lU^ lU itt 1
f f vg ^snft m n i t Sttfivsli tuten stH^^tet m f< fff tm itifH I F I T F c? cm Stm mti?? t f i ' - n
n I cm wim% {9m^) ftiffti ( i ?ei; fif ? I I T I Q biff? I F t n f m Hf%e Sttfi,
Itci
fmrntcn mfmcH f (jj) SticH mt imiii citci cm I T I T , I T I T , ffit?f?ii, i f (ifgitf wtucm

^
CT m m ( l i t f-fm, m t - i t i - v a i t ' 5 . ) wu), uSi iff Sm te? m

I ft m c n
nc5 1 m i <ijt*I
n t I t mt mc^va ' m f mtl f (fficsf 1 1 ) item f i m VQ i t n t c i ' n m f ' m iiciest Siten uen
ic5f nft fnnfifit f i c i u c i t c i m m cm m n Mitj fei'm (ei itntf fitU ift? ff? C T O J uen
i f i ^
I t f f ? ^ nnc?f im mmt itm ff fn nt 1 tc? ?ei) fif

1 LITCIICAIVA ntft t ^ - n fei' ?fiei ^ 1 Sit
H f ' i - H i m 5 r i = " ^ cmnm^Trtf iftif" (=mtmt' f i i Stm m tc? iHei nft i m f n SttH .ite ttc? 1
I t f I f f ? ) ; f'l-ft'ntmi-^tm ftmntf (=wt'm t n nn Hntâ ^^c ttc?, n Sir 1 ? ifW icsf cm

I f f ifi?); f *i-'?rfmi="S? 1 i m t c ? tt?if" (ift? iicn m n iei itf^ (fifieif, isfncif iff) ifif
t n * ^ - ^ m R ) I ' m ? t f mti fci mi^ fifit uf^lci? I T E N (citeitf) fitU mfitci wtfI i^feii? le^t [itirff,
n t i f n Sttfi cmf it 1 ? i f f1-?siifitn='^ Si-?pi, mfii, 'm? ( f f tm m t n fieit ic< u ? ^

ntcn IFI?lf" f'i-fimttn="^ lalticn ITF?faft^ nl itfft itfici I Smt mvs u fiwtc? ?if%;I Miti
1
v5?/fei mc?s? cntti, ficn ssf/ioi i ? s ^^c fieii IC? s Sft (f<cif), irf (fcif), t?f ?Tif (csttt
ififli, ?twu, ?fwi, s t m cnttf va S^ tif mtif 1 1 C 1 tt) I ffi? nvs litit Stm civait m u i f i (fii),
ntifsi Sttfi m i5f?ci 1 m t n mit (?^), f i ( 1 1 ) ?t uti (fimtun), mt? uu (naitfi) 1 Stm cm cini?
mm nfoc?? ic5f f ^ ^^?t f l i i n c t citsfi L F ^ it N F U u Uff? iei nfif^ i
1
tc tfe? 8 H m f (iiief),
cm ?tn''i-fi-'fti^ iffisp'i-mit='?tt^ n t n ' 1 H'm (uwfif), u m (wtirr) 1 m uen cuat fiftr
fn-itwjiicmi m i l funf 1 ^ i?t ittc ttc?, fiuf%i? itcivs ifiif Uff? I T F I M iei i?Flt ufie
(Hsrtf'I-'^s^ = ? ' tc>stj? itf%'ff ysnt'm t i m 1 1 ncitd tic?, fSt^NII uwtfiue? Uffisen cwm % mt f i i f i i
( m f i tnti-tntcn ?itf?) tJtfi 1 1 ^ cms st?ti (cm itntm)],-fifiim [ 'ifiun' (fiicn u n i
tmn m m ilf<s, Sttfi mtt tfifS it?ten cm mtitei)] I Stm 1
i f ? cimitc tic? 8IT#, itf (mt),
nm'i-fi I CTif (Itfii), iif? (H?f), iH I
mran 'iit?it ?i i t m IMtfi fin ?t f m n m H m t n f i I I I I Q iHcmtci 'jft iten fci

S^ tif l i i f c n Sttfi?;ct ?i?i i t fitcn f i w ? Stueit ifif^ 1 1 ifien iU ' I F I ' 1 ? fmn, Gene
1
I t e n i f F ? ^ ficn f i i ?fi?t ^ f n i t 'Siitf mm 1 ? 'Sim, ' m f (=Avdji cmi ?) 8 < cncn u m i

1
1
mtci ' I t f i i i i m t n t n ' - n icsf itn?f<F mi tfifs fff ff? Hifc Stui i n t ^ - n te? ?ei, n n H
f l c n i cit C H S ! cm ficn t n ' I t I t e n cm fiitH m f tmi Su uei ifiu ici 1 ? cieicii-(t) IIFi',
ic5f
1
I f l i ? I t f i ? ?tm m t cut m 1 c m Hntfl-f^ mrfitûf ( 1 ? ) I

i o i / i M ici? ciutci F I C I L fff i m fimtie? u
flfil-fl firm (5. F. Babinger, tn Isl., xi) i fmtf?
ftCifi ifim iflt fim ff? lesf m w ?FFI?f tntf fm fmtei tuf m i u n n H iftf f HIFu Sei
fimti? fmtei if? va IIFI?et^ i41, fieif mn va Sic? 1 ? gtu) [vitFE? ILTT*itfn f m vsuifiei-c
?%liei n t i f n icqtn fH? c? ii ^mfiuti n n ? " m m mi... iti-itft? H-cifn "itu" uci tfifg nl 1
i5?t n , TIT I T N ? id? ? n ^ m ^ ( f f -înn) i i Itm Hew? U I c m ituti=?H ?i?uen iftf IFu
fHvs
mt tf?f5 I liit^fi asn asn i c ^ itfWiitf< itci SeJj I i u m t cnen-n fci u i (j), VIICIFM, f. ' i m
cit?iii mei fimti? ft?tei? ci?tffi ttici? wu (^)t I f f , m ( J ) t I f f , (U. Heyd, Ottoman
i f FIFI tfci ib?ib? nft H i I ? n >it ntfi mitnt? Documents on Palestine, l^CIf^ ife-Jso f , f. i-Js â
f f it?t m (lit I t f n , n^'mtf*i-itit^*, i i , ^j. A - i v s ) tt?1) I
(f. Diplomatic) i ffen ICU Gobek adi (iten=i1wk vs fi? uf?
'Sntf i t n mtci fiH^ nen t?m it Snten I T itiJt Itff, adi=iU) mif fi^? iffeBmiei i t m i
?i?mSntt?5?tn I cmt mtci c m f fittf 'wtfiif'
1^ iU unti I uwk vs fi? uH? iH itiU uft iftf?
cimtfif ? i f ?i I t m fifit uH; f m t i iten ficn ne? uf fims c? m i m ic?, tu tUt nci^cat 1
I t I t i t e n wu c?i tfiit ?fw ^ 1 ici iicii n H s ^ t m f m^fajimcn cim'îmuitf m

t n ' u I t n t f 1 1 citei? i?im ttiii fi^f? i?t ilt u, iut men c?m IIF-u u 'ittu itei tm nut 1
t m f fiitem
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Contents
ttt
liit , fft^ A"tra 9m TOwt wtR5twt?3 R e t w t

wtet AS ftfc?5 wrg-a ?Ttt4 4f?c? I ^g?e^ (is.v58 ^ . ) -a t s t c ? W i t t
t f R t t AtAtAt w M f g Sim ?ttwet3
trtfA4 ttt ?5f??T tTf??ff??5 TO atAtc4 ?ttT!^R?5 wt^?ne51
TOt >iit t t r o ^ t 1 t T O A tCT,M f t t f t R t - t Ate^, e?
TOt 5f^t^ S sR^te ?tAf ct?t AtsrcA tfM % (i)
W3 ftftt^het t H t ttte? Gobek adi sttt wfW4tR
1 Diet, of Techn. terms, i t , i i o ,^ A8, lift, ^ ibr ;
WtA t 1 ^ TOt AS Rt, ,tf?Ae Ezan (=wtt'tt) adi t I R A (A) Wt<['R-?t4T 'Wt??aT^ WtR-'S?s?tft (f. 'Isi'lj/iAiii')-? f%t?
wt AStf?TO fteS-fC^ f|fff f A f t R t RlAf^ WIR-tttltft'R-f^rRtffATt ff"A-RtAfA-. ( t t ^ , ^TACAt*, A t , %
f ^ t A ( t M i M o ft? t A , W A t j tAiet? f?4& t f r o t f A e s f ^ i f t b - ) <jc?5 t ^ - ( i i ? Rs.w R t e 4 (AS st^) -a t f t - i a ? S's.tft
A ' f R T O Atet) C^t^ftl SsRA^teR] wtti? w t ^ W f t e t A Rttjet ( t t f ? t 4 ) [ s f St^l R t C 4 W t C R t W wte^ I A R T O CRt^Ct?

StTO w t AS I c?tt 9vs Rt ^ e R tifCttr# AtCR tAt? tc c t e t t ^ ste^t ff? t f t t ^ ft^3 ( j ~ ...) ^stc t ^
TO A t R W 1 ^f#fe<fS m^ atMs ttf i ^ A e ^ , fAett ?#?rtei5?TO?t ? ? f f c (AS sjc^t) t f t - i a ? R?wt f??itet f f t ?
afttttaeÎ? O S t R f s f ^ f R S R t f t t t R f f RTAsfRTO?t4 Rte? WTS-tt^SjtW (f. v5io/S.AA)-'it? R R R t t f ? 4 t S f ' R - R t f T O f ( f .
(hypocoristic) t f ? t W f A ?CT,CRQfR C5Rt f SRtAt ^Ât ^)>b/)>\h)-<m W f t A t 4f??teiR t t R t f Rtf? ? # ? t c ^ , w t ^
te S tR'ttt> f t R f M , ttfRt> ?tfR?s, CRAett R?istt^ lil W t ^CT, t T O Rtf?? RTt Rtfttt R"a?t TO.Rt
(fAttt)>e?e5]t ?t c?ft, fRt?tR>ctteRt, t??t%t>tf?t sif i ^ ? t f t R t f f W R R t ^ 'WtRT Rt'?t # t tti?ftA, t1?? f f lft?
?tt?3?et? w?Tt?T Stttie?? teAt R t t f t ^ 'Q?^f< ^ f?-ATTO f A f R R i A ( S v s r., ^ S-*) i t f wtM-f?tw f f R -

tttlR Wf-fs, ?jf?-Rtftjte?5? f i l f t ( ^ ) RtR t A t , TOft-iil?, ^??i iV*/iS>i!5<t A I , t^'R-RTg?tW R?Ctt:t
C?R?fwtt^3ff='c?eAt# I WtR-AtWfiSf-iil? 'f^Str C R t T O ? R ? ^ S T O tt t f t ' - i i t ? R ? W
Utt^te? iiI4 ?t "ij^tft^ W S t ?t >ATOC^ 4C?J4ft; S t l T O
TOT c?tR Rtf^R TO Seat ?s?t ?ite tre? i litt f??e? C4t? H. Fleisch ( E . l . ^ ) / v i A t t t R f f A ^
f f ? f t t f?f? ?T tt?n? c w R srsfR f f f t t A t ? l^sit<ti ?ft?t t^ ( j - - i ) s A: A. WtRtt' (.1... I) , sJf w f 'TO',
te?' AS, ? f t ' C4T? WTtTt R t c R ? R t t4T R t t I "iltAit
''TOft ? T t W C t ? - t f t s t r o f?CttT t t (noun)-C4 t f t ?Rt
W t f f ^ A t R Rtet tit ^ C^T? C4I? RATt WtR-AtRf? t ? ?
AS I ff W R R C t R t t f t t R f S t f ^ WTS C t t T O T SAt
Atf?' f^SAt tAr? f?RAt WtR-At?tt ?tet S f | f t AS I f?qlf%
wt sftft? f^fcttSl'^'* ( g . H. Fleisch, Traite de la
>ilrt?t?TOT# t f ? t ? t t CTOsroe^ tAtefT? t t t ?t, f R RtR
w f A i f t c 3 f ^ ?t:sRTO?'SRe^ f?rat, f?R?t -a RtRte?? t e ? philologie arabe, i t , t t t t * A ) i t A t ? f t ? ww?n:t
RT4T? SeatRA TAfet? R f t f t ^ ? T ? ^TOA'lte? Seat " / W W f M SAt? RCSf iilR?teA C?tt ?s?t AtSfCA Ct? SAt
4e?? I 'iltte? AtRtt t ? ? W T T O Rtet? w t t e ? "Damascus t C R ? ? i t t ^ t A # ? RCSf R l R ^ R T f f ^Stc ttC?, R t t Wf??ft
Chronicle of the Crusades" s t e ^ srett t?f'R- ?^?M 8 WtRtt' (;.l_4_oul),f?ett?5faF?tRtRt (L.^,.), RtRf
^ i R t f t ^ # ? t f tt^3?t t t t e ? I tAt? f S t R t t W T ^ t f R t A t t t t ( j _ : ^ ) , Wf?4 St^Pt fSlRtRttt' (^_^-c^), fATft (ij-^-u^),
t f ? W T T O t ? ? 'Wt# t ? ? f A T T O WT-rff W t t - f t R t t ^ 'r4t, RTt Rttt' I Wt?A ?TtWtC?mt? RCtT f ^ t C t ? AC t t t
xsnR-'Wlft t ? f ' R - 4 l R l f ? # ( i f T O ftt - R t f t t 4 R t f t ? r?t? {^\) tRft 'V3ATR?' ( ^ j ) - f 5 ^ (trg ^ j) ^5tc t f ^
e t t 3 i ^ fAtttet? 'wtft? f A WtRTeii? f^t A i t t t , s t T O
AtttC^, WTft Atfttet? AC 'f5?^ ( j - o - u u ) S ^ " *ft^ ((
f t r o i R e s ? w?Tt5, ^ f t f t ^ t j s ) I
j ) Atc t f ^ ^ ? T C 5 (TAtet? WtCRTStf gt?T, t ? ^ - w t ? ? i f t ,
?tet? litt ws,tfR? C 4 t ? f ^ R M we< ttft?tf??5TO?t
f4r!['R-t?RTf, R=tt. G. Weil, sttR st^ wtcttfe). i
ttft ReA, t f t sttt W f t T f RT4T? ?t f?R?T t4??t Rt1?fT
ftRt^sAtrrft s t f ^5^R-f4t?'-li^? CT t f t , ff'R ^
[t?f'R-?tRff?ft? . ( t ^ 5.) C t t s e s t ? tftstCA 1 4t?'a 4t?'a
CR W e f A T W o ^ S t ttC?s I
A t ? f ' W T ? f t t R T ? f t ? lilt f?f^ st?t? Rt? 4tt WTCRtfb
tttft? sftWCtt'sfRe 1^ TO ?T?Afe?? ftf st?f At?lCAtAie?? stt?t5t t f t 1 t R l ^ fs,tf% R t c l5. f f ' R "a
E . I.^-iil t t t ] 1
A t t t e ? 1 SAtet? s t t t f S ftesf? ?Tft;t -a fAt?fS >ib?tM ftt?
TO I e? f A f t t f ^ f t t t A f^sAt f ? ttte?? c?t? ' i f f ^ e t ? fttt-aRlAft t f t - i i l ? C T O R ? W Ct? R i t I fft ^ttAAt
wt?t 'jtt fffts
?Tft;t RTt ?T t l ? T O , f w t r o w t ? t ftSlC^ 8 ? 1 ^ ( J ^ j)-'TOt', f f A l R (^ j_a)-Cttt, ATt'
Ct?t?tfAft s|?^ C T O TO f4?At Sfaft caff'SfR? W 3 f ^ C T O (iî^ 'CiTftM') I W I R - W t t f t t ( f t A t - a A l l f e t t t f t f f ) WIR-f%RT^
S t R T A a Atc tTC? I RRtCTO S ^ f t ? RCAt t t f t A f f ? ^ R T t (f. i t r S / b r i b * ) , WtR-ft??t' ( f A o l / b r A A ) , fAtlR, W t t - R T f t ?
AJtATC?? ftf lIFCtt Wf??s? St^fR AtCCA lit?? ^Ct^fU (f. AoS./b-AS), W H - f A T a r o (f. AV*/brS.br) WTS-ttWtW
ii|??
f t f ^ C?et ?ttTT^R4te? RtCR? tTf??tt?4 RT? aJAt (f. A i o / S > A A ) , f?tf??tt C?t R ^ TOtt f?TOA?, t??
ttRTft fttfC^t?
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Contents
t n t n
nfn ('^. ohd/ioos) ^?r5ti?j HPRra iRmcn (mr-nftf, 'ff^fiit mi'viit umttiH ^ 1 uHu ?m mt^^
l^w^ m . iovij'ihbfo) i t ^ f n cmHt I i??f it^mft? i<ei f m ^ ufiuei, f i f mu ie^ mi-
t n
p|R>i-(i)? nsfo n ut I if ctc^ ui%5 Hff liit fiflwn ustfw i i ^ t n - v i f ? i t ^ m?i ( c _ 9 j _ a . - m ] ? ) - ' i i ? iH^s
cnt f ^ i m ut I c m ufnii mustcit stc?rtwj-^n mf?m-n îit mtif% (mti'-nHf,
i m f
tiHg nfcn Hi%c t n - i a ? I ' H t Hitcn i m-nnf' icn, b - 8 , 1 3 1 i v s - i f f ) i^cn wu Su icit I C I 1 mm-uuiiff
" m f f ^ t m i w m) It n t n - m (^. ( h s v / i i 8 v a ) 'fit^m' iHci mfiu ( f r n m - m n , mt.
( J l tititfns um) m i uc?, mut Hciu n ( ^ ^ i ) J.i p. Broch, itu A ) If. fi'i) f UfHl (^'f?) lUH
tn'i-mnfit ^ mt-funfi-n ^îiH i?)m (f. i., A, C U I fiucn s (LIVJ 1 ... ^ ^ j j i_o f ^ v i
131 i o ) nt U t l - ^ ' m (^. ihi/hoS) ( < ^ , 131 8 ) - n e f i f S ^1 j>c SJ>^-) m i - m ^ (tfm, viVisivo)
i?pt miucn
t i l i n i mf-fumi mci 'j. i f f ) ' t f fmm' imH m fiei fi f m *i tut utut
I t n ' i - u t n t f t m
Untcn i^, i 3 t i o - i i ) CI, muen fzt uu mm mn s (ojî-i-o u s c m <i_^^ ^ ^ j j Lo

smi utm itc Uc?isM? Sc^
( j L L i o i O - i i r a ScRpu
I C I ii?ic^ m?-uww t n - v n
1 mf^ i?jm HUcn viiiH
imf mffii mti-mtf ('^. ooh/hao) ,f it?i
s
uu Iti-sf^fuTit mt stmfus I m f ? f f l f l H'l-tm (the Peri Hermeneias), mt.

itRc^ltî f m [ff^fnit t?m) Organon iflt? Peri W. Kutsch vs S. fVfarrow, t??i ^.), 'J. AS>, Wi
iS.<l3o
Hermeneias mftc? (the De Interperetatione, mt. A f f - i 3 i C f aneu khronou U^H s fWt??TU fium-Um
L. IVIinio-Paluello, mmf ifefels %) tUm^ Itwf Tp=!tifi)-'it? H-mtfi

lfl H-Uifil ( n vs vsu
tiHf?^ iHUcn s t?clc?T? wu (iis a, i S > - A o ) Onoma 1 ^ 1 ) UmttiH C U I um ^leii cn, ?H tit umtg'i-
(>!?# f?ciu) esti (n) phone (^^llH Semantike fiiHfi ( c r \ - U i i - l i CJ-^LLU,
*lH) fmfimm? m f m t i ) - v i i ?
=
(U<fcUH) kata suntheken (ntaKl) aneu kheonou mtim? cui um icuwi n ; u n mu m civsu Sfs i
(mi m i f i ) fH I cui uHucn Sm iH cm?
m?vs s ^-uuiitf? i t ^ mw itc t m i ^n i m
ltd? mow cmi u< ut ; tSnt icn wu (iis b, b-s>) ? wut I f i f i i ' iH f 1? Itfi? I
rhema (litlsH fSnt) esti (1?) to prossemainon in t i t Scwi I U mmmfii mm itc? c i , u t i ? i f i i

( m
m?v3 ticii mm) Khronon (mi) mm '^f? mf 'mf mti-itf?f (^. voIV!V'H)
[ m m m fwft C^^. t n
m< itft^s cmi m ^ Hcii mm] nt ffi Hcicm v a s > A / i o o A ) , ititu 'mi-fim' ifitm mtm-fuf ? f 5 f u
mivg
mî U3U viitun mtcui mn i mei Hnt m?i ficn, f u u t f i fim i t ^ cwt
iift?c%itci? Hcicm it^satHrni-usmw-nt n - n , mi-irvsstiw-vii? f^^fen mfni ifiuen mff iff, 'tm' s
i t ^ ill ^ûci cUic Uvsu m mivs xpPTsi' mî ( i t . meu, A l , V i ) va ; t n

I
(m- ?t^ ashh)
um 'mtm m'u m? um 'mtm u m m-m umi ? phone A I
Its liitun (fnî') [mtm mm itc] Hf^, m ^ ' ^ ' , t i l ' s fi'1-n c? m i t ^ mn mmifiiicn icu
um 'mtm U'U-semantike mifcili'; aneu khronou-? ?li sfufi citsH m f l ff^Ffiut it if ititci i
wu "mi mitm"-n itt "fm m i f i " cui uu it?lci; nf^^ [4ic%ften mne^ sr?f] 'm?f tm i t i mfi
kata suntheken 'l?i'Jff3FCi' flfS UU ^tUCl; tU tm RyvifD C I ^tt meitci mu fim mufc? f?mf?^-'m mtciffs
S,iHHi?mH? mmft mfituHst?iîi ituei 1 v i i t m mt^ stHun i u f l m f ^ n m ^ît i
( j - i U ^ i j j _ ^ i > : i ) u mf sftf Site? ni ( ^ j 7pn:i mîHi muHum f f i mtcitnt i u ûci (s. H . .

Fleisch, Traite, i i , U U ffvs vg m % H < F ^ . ffAff-v5s;
vi
BSLP ff8/i1, i<\-\r) IThe J. Marouzeau, Lexique

cit "mm i t ^ , fii H^ i t ^ i??f mei ?jtiilc? de La terminologie linguistique, va? it-ît fSnticn
'jf 1 ? , if?n mi-fuf vs<i3b-/!'^v), "mti-fim"
c^.
nHmt^ iob) cusu it?ieificiem (% i f f b ) iei i
ifH f meu (u. mumt, A I , i 8 ) mu fifin; uen s fcitfifi fiH stm tcn it?ei 'mtn '2iui?iii
t ^ - n mfn ium ^mf^ iHucn i f ficiuei, cm
j> [ii ti, <\ cn] "mf u tifm-fwn (wtfmi fiem), mti-t^'i-'mtm u tifhi-
I
mu cmi ffit^ft mei? ift imHu m fii? m<eun 'itm (Uiun fieiu) If. 'mtm], tif'i-ltn (ifitn
m ? j f ^ m 1 ? t n i" fieiu), tif1-U'U ( ^ n t n fiem), t ^ l - m t i (Active
tntf fiitem
t.H.ff/ffv www.waytojannah.com
Contents
t m t m t n i m (u)
Participle) [lmi fiem], t l f m - l l i p ' S ^ (Passive meit^^ ifimen n t fiemfen n ^ iemi fmiH f i m
Participle) [mHm Hem] i cm^ stf m:< Hit i f i m e M (Itfin fimii't i r i f , f m f m-mf, io^ 81.,
(HrW) [g. Hit]; Hr*tn (Hit f m m t s j ; - <.i_^) mwtn ifeffi f ) I f ' m fim ie titen cat ^ citfii
liinm' ; SH^stict mi Hit !m
' Q i m i
vsimf? mmi t i m e n icm l i t ' S I mtfiite? i f e n f i m
m mr imssnmi-mm(j.i..î) c i f itei mt^ m n m i - m i f ( ^ . A A / 5 8 ) t f mf
f!)4>f4ic<Mt' c i i A j .
1 m-
(infinitive) [Htmmil ^ Hm S,t^ n i Hcrnn,

i t :
mfntr' mei n i t H i f ? m ifimen (mt^, t ? m , i 8 A -
cmr t i f m - m n vQum-mR ( j L i o . 11j O L - > ' i-H-0 c n l i s ) n t ^9tte? m n m - f i m ? - m f ( f c n r n m , i s

i, (to'\ f I . t m f 'mtnttcnstHief ^ f i i m n i v Q
i8)
( I H VQ ftmn Htm) stH i mosn m nmti, cm f i f ^ m n m imei n H imm itei ( c m
i t H t W , t n
uHmn n n s mi-fmm ( ^ i j n , ^ i : i ) fim], i t i - f i i t i , it?em iAi H.

[5.
i-vsi; iti-m^QmHi, ntt. 8I.
Hcu^nm ( t n t m = < , j i _ ^ i ^ ^ i ) i w r n i n m s Soerensen, AAo i.) 'tim-n n H f#fy|l it>5at 1
(mi-tifm-mvaf mju neat mi-nrni (^..u n ^. r)

1), itmf (?) fiiten
1 t m imem ioAt- H., 1 . ( f m ' i - ' m m ,
Itci iHH 1 mosn i t i m n Hem (ti^'i-'mm = ii-Jjo) I .

- . I i)-ci i lit i n G!tfHmi iTvaiT i t c i fcitHH i f i f i f s ( i ) C. Snouck-Hurgonje, Nieuwe
^jppfsm-n mfHc {% AiA-) itc^ i m n 1 Bijdragen tot de Kennis van den Islam, in
nH^ Wright-n 'mift i m c i ( n i i , ios-io) Bijdragen tot de Taal, Land-en Volkenkunde v.
it,
miâ S ^ sRTcii iHnr ir^m utci 'mn i m i H i n Ned-Indie, 8 < i i m . I s b, f . 8 i ; (A) Goldziher,
1
t i l ifim 1 C 1 i c n spgrusji ii'sfici, cm mwr , Vorlesungen uber den Islam, AAo-A;-() v&
(. i_. <=r^) ? mm {^\ =cmm)? mi ( j x 5 = i 5 f ) ? C i n , in Der Islam, Ab--A8ff; i t m ,ffi,iA-Ai 1, (8)
irm ( m ) ? t i (ji) tii (ijp [mmi itcmwi^n VQ b-a-fe; (ff) E. I.^, 1 . , ib-A-J
mi] nmci, i r t ? c=> (c?tirci) mtii, ;
i i f 5 c i ( t n Goldziher Q m.m.t.-? imtnt i f i n (m.m.t.)/
I t i iilt? wn fmnnH, i i , A A - o , I S i , it; irm ijtf?i cititn cifirtm
iilt? wn t n fiHrn-mfti, ticm.) 1 Sntitc? cit
H i t i , * t m ^ ^ ^ ^ T O ( ^ i 6^ 2 n , ^ r ) % ( m ) t n
i n mmrf%5 mmen mei m3rmti mra, f?i?in I t n 'mifim t fmn
n ' s m f n r , ii-m?f,
t n t n
?mH, lijiili m r m i i 'mn 'Simiiii cit'sfiei mmf I f f i nti ciren c i n f i c n i fH r m citcn

^mm'i-mi'mi (ji^vi .1 n ,i =Qj=?t<itt>4f?em) - n srffiH i m i f (m)-n H i t m m i c n n t f ?
cfff^ ifntcn, m tircn icm fapm mni fieii citen cmien t n r n i i c n mtm i c n i m f mi? i m
i^tifnme? 1?
ifiifisvo 1 H f l - ( m ) - n fiinfitei ifoitc? i t f m H f itwti'-n
ifiif 8?me?wmi?iSffi?enifilt5. f i ? ^ f i n t i e n c?t f^ 1 ? mite fH i t i i i i i c n i
HH citen cifcf f i c n i 'S^-fcM n ? t i m
i
n f m
H. Fliisch (E.f .)/s[ltmtltH?1i
t n m f f i m , m m t i f m - i t f i n t 'rnifm-mntm
{' - stnt. Cm)fenHm^ 'mmti
Smmm i H n ?jfe niti^ i t c i
't*l>ll
if?m
nt ite w itm 1 cm mif"i-f^t fH f i t c n fimim ?i?ft i e n ^ ie? miten fimn fm
m n m m m
IC . 3 F H - f ? ^ i t i
'sm'i-mit'm mfnt ('m)-ci ^ f'm mstit? mfnt ( m ) - i i f i f i m c f i t t m cn i t?f"i-utfen ?'fmie mtat t n

tmiiieiva fimti ^ im?fi? (m'f1) m icn 1 tnrf 'it?Hm-?t?? i c f fin iH?ten i
f ? f m I t e i t m
IC i f - m ^ i i mitr? mi ^^c fa; (Hmri) mftm 1 i t i H i
i f i f s (i) I t w m 'itmmitf, t i t m , f i n iAb-
m?ei miten mm fi-aHt itc ite?, Hf m m m'mtitt t n
fiw vntiH mt titen fi^s iteitn ifie men 1 t m i H., Al, 8b-i-8b-A, I tffffs-ij;(A) t n ' i - ' ^ f ' t m , S i f i - i t m ,
i\\ H., i , 'm?H'i-m??, "im
srcn if? ifi?m ?'fm ifiitci nt ci n ^ itm itif j??! 8obr; () t n t i f
( t i t m ? I t f i m , oi, i<); (8)mtitf, twfi i r m t m - m t i r m ,

" f m n tmen fife iteitwi ?sf??tci tm iiiTri
ifimci I mi^'i-^-? stut 'mfiiiei? icm t m m n i - t??i m. H., i i , b-o. I t I 8ofe
f i m?-mf (?) i n i f ni< fimti ^^t ic? nîrf, fiitîtf

Hen ifnt t n mmff (mi-itif H'l-fiiii vamm-
i m
tfTTt 0- 2 " o r ) s (u), mtitf I
t ^ mmPT
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t n H ' m (IT)
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?%m ?" mmt? HH littn s t ^ ? 5 % n I Hf t ? ? t t % 5 i t i t m m m m e i t n f i i t t c n " ( m - f ? m , O^K S i o A ) i

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m'mtmt H mtmn iîtii Hwm Hmen ?" tiîiDv cm) tifei i t m m f e n n m s Siff ^ ^ c n n t f ? m f ?
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m?m l i e memii ifim ijffici cifien i fif cmm>s ( G e n s i s , A A s A ) i m t n t ^ ' Cm) t n t f i ('m)-iii?
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utitc c i t ftn >iiiH mfi? mt mfi itcc^ i tmt f i e i i civsm n i
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cm) c i t ItH I K ificn m 9t^ fgeivs i t i imtcn i c i i t n t t m ' * f i t n t i - n i m i-fm i m A t i t e i c n t n
m f i T i t c w^ti fifiim titei ?Hen s miH mitn i m t m ' * f i n t m t i r n i - n i m Seal i m i t m e i (f.
f f i f c i If i>sm? ? ifien m i m i iîtitn m?fmi A S i v s v s , i^h, i S o ; vs S V 8 ; .8 S ivfevs; i 8 S vSS.) I f i H
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fH t e n m m m f i e mftm ? f i c i i , "mH m:?t n f i m , f ? i m ( m 'mfi)-'ii? f i t m f n ( e i s AV, m f .
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t m f fimn
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Contents
8bi t?Ft^ (wt)
tAt? stsm fg t R S T f ^ Cwt) I wt? Kt? R t r ^ t tftfl R?C5? ?stfWt?1t?t wfCttt A f t R I t A A t f t Cwt)
AtAA'-iiRt 4tt ?Rt At^lCA I t?*ttii ^?tC5, "lit??,CT(t??ttN) ? M h , "CttH T f f f?#?[t W t f t C R tAtC4 W t R t ? RtRtt f t C ?
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R, tct ifl^tM 4f^M? I CA WtXt? stfttR4 ! WtAtC4 m R, t t R t f ^ ( ' w t ) w t f t t t l i t f w f w t4it?t 9?% CA?
?5?t?1?t R ^ ?1? ?5? I s5(^st? Wtft lAiC?s 'il?5 ' 2 # f R f g W f t W t ? 4f?C Rtf^tCRR I f ^ f M f i f ^ ?sf?CR?, "C4A
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AfRSf S ?'5R ! Wtf? ^ T t <?Tf^ C?, C1RtC4 WtfR AlAA' ?sf?Cf|, Cwt) ? M h , " f t f ? ft C?n? S t C ? t f t t t C l ? ?" fft tfRC^tt,
ifKlR CSTAt? WfA f% AR ?CT?fRM g CA WtRt? f ^ ! Wttft "ftft Wft?tC4 RtRtt ftAtC^ lil?? t?Wt? C5t4t^ t1%tt?t Cff^lC
?tAt Wtf?t AtAtC5? TAlt A H R i tftt Wt^tA Wttft WIRTC4 AfRAtr^? 1" tR t R t t f ^ Cwt) ?fRCR?, "fft W f t t ? f f t I
??<%T R t t c ^ I 1R lAt?t SC? WtftT S t T O ?5f?R .it?? f f t t f s f C CtRl? tf??C W?J f t atAt ?5f?uc ? f i i ? t c i ? I f o A T ?
tAAt%A lAt^ f3!C4 ^ 4 f A m ttf? ?5f?R l? Wtf? tAtC4 ^ CtRt? tf?WC??ft?5fe'bfRAt Atâ 1" W S t ? t t t t ' ^ CWt)
WtAAt? ?#?t Af^tRlR, "CA t f A t f R ! ^ Ct A^ftdTt R l t tAtC4 tRt?5' f ^ Ctt CttC3i?t W t ? ii|4 4?JlC4 f?Af^ < p R m i 1
AtR? 4f?Cft ! ifltlC?t WtfR R, ?5Rt?t?tCt?C?5 fg^f ?#?t f?5f(t? t ? AS? t A A t f t Cwt) 1??1A W t t t t ? # C R t I l i M A ' Q
Atf4 I fspbAi t A t f l ^ ig?s t t tfttt I Wtf? rAtC4 4f?RlR f ^ t R R f ^ ('Wt)-C?5 ^CA t t t C R ? Rt I tAfA ltC4 lAtCt?
m ?At? f ? A t % Rl^tCS" ( 0 1 S S i S i - i o l ) I iflt'ftC??1%atA f t R t f t fStifel>|| w r ? f ff^ AfRCTO, "Wtt?T f A t ^ W t f t 1"
. RWC^ R??4Tffcii? ôJ^'gV AfRAtC^ I f ?WtR ^4tftCAA WAM t A A t f t C w t ) f s r m t ^fsCRR, " CTttCt? tttJERTft?"f f t
WlltAt'WlRt t??tftR-?? A?? t f R t f ^ ('Wt)-.I?RlCAtCgt A f R C S t ? , "Cttt f ? 1" t A S t t f t C w t ) S a T C ???5 C f f S R t ?
?3R?t tArc?s R???stffrW? ?fR?tC^ I tftt? AtsiCA S W?T WtatA t ' W t R t ? f?4^ f'Wt' ?#C5=tR I W8t? fft ^ f ^ t
At?t? R t ? ?fRCR?, "CtRl? ^ fff??t W t f R C R Witt? R t ^
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^ C?, ?lft^:itA A?? t R R t % T ('Wt)-t I t t W t ' s f t C w t ) f t # ? t WtfRAt AftTR?, "Wttt? C % W C?5A
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t t t f ^ C w t ) ?fRCRR, "fft C4tR ' S A t f t t l t ^ ^ ? T C ^ ft?"
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Wfc? C?, t R A t ^ l ('Wt)-t S f f ?lfA'; f 4 ^ tAt?T WttAfCi?
R?Wt? CStm^ f ^ ?tf%C A f R t t C ^ 1" t t t f ^ C w t ) ? f R C R ? ,
sff '^#?t tAt It^l^l ?>C? Rt 1"
"fft WTtT? ffT l i l ? ? ??Wt? C5t?t^ A t C ^ ^ 1" W S t ?
AtRATA f C t ? RtfMtRt f l ^ Atfw?t t f R f ^ ('Wt)-'ir? I
A?? t t t f ^ Cwt) l i l t f A o t ? f t R t ? t ?R?Tt ^ftn ttC?R I
W t Ra^NgfSfC ttf?? ?JA^ C?f5t?T f?f^ RtAt?? CttÎ AJARtft
C?t f ? 5 ^ t ? At? tf?tttR C W t ) W t ? t ? tWt? W t t t ? TOt 1
? n f f R T 'ilt'tTC? W A ^ 4f??t ttCtra f?f?RC? t t f ? atAt ?5f? I
tttl'if^ Cwt) t ? ? t t ? t C t ? f??scB iil?# f^JCR %5ltAt f t ?

1?5^4tR t ? C t f H ? iil?5?R ? f ^ Rpf? fSR^lfRC Atait
f ^ ?5f?Cf^CR? I f f t - f a i Rttt AAt? S r ? f R i f l A t
f??f TO 1 rAt?t m ^fC? ttftC4 153jA4tC? Si5?? ?sf?C
(?5?tR?) f'Wt?T4T ( C T O T f f t ) ?5f?CRR I W g t ? t ? ? t f t t
C?f5t?T RC? ?5f?R C?, f ? T O t 1^ t t ^ ttf? WtC^ I Wgt? tAt?t
Cwt) tttCt-t, "WlalA ^fWtRt WlRtC?5 . i l ? # 4tW 4?t? f t c t t
AftttC?? f??f& WtfRAt S t f ^ ^ mi AtftAt? f ? ^ CRttc?
ftttC^, ft S a I C WtRt? RAt?t 4f?C? ?" t t t f ^ C w t )
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C t t t t t t ? f R C R ? , " W t ^ t'WtRT WtRtC4 l i l t ^ ?t'?1 .Â

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Rt I WSt? ??t CttttC? ?R?tR ?5f?C RtffR I ii|^tC4 '2?ftttct? f ? c t t fiisiCAH 1" wst? ftt-'fg Sc? ftfttt wtatAS
t f R f M Cwt) CAt?C? t R t f t 4ftCRR mt, 'Wt?f ttttft c t t f?C#H ^ ^'?tfA f ? f ^ t "0?5 4f?C5T? I ttWt'sft
ipÂCt? fA^B ^^C 'WT?f ttt 9m ?5f?T?t? 1 ff? ^5?^ Cwt) t t t ? ?A? 4f??t w t f ^ ftc? I wTg t f ? t t r t Cwt) iii?#
Ctfft? m t>tJtC<t> f?AtA ?5f?C5=IR I tCTtC*0t AA? Atfw?t ttte?? S t ? %5tttt f t f f t ? '4tw ?#c? I iiitte? fft-f25
Cwt) t ? f M t RTO?I SC? f t f R t t ?t'?1 f t s f t t RRt 4? S a T c ^ wtatAA Rtet S s R f
At? t t t f ^ Cwt)-iii? f??tCA? t ? t f ? 1 % t Cwt) tcaj? ?3M fWt TO?, "CA.WtRtC?? s t f t t T R ? 5 ! W t t t C t ? l i l t ?tW
cftW-t?? RtAt? W?J iil?5?t? R ^ W t t t tTO?I t f t t M 5tAt 4 ? I f?TO ^ R?CSftt, t<f^ll " ( W t R - f ?Wt?, A S
Cwt) t? ttCTO R ^ RtfAC? f f t t f l C t ? I t f A t t r ? (Wt) t? iAi) [RtCtA' W t R - f t t f t , ?#4lt, t. ft., i t , 8 1 8 - 8 1 i b ] 1
. t R t f ^ ('Wt)-iil? ftC4 f t R t f A fWStRT ^^?n?CTlArct? f3?=5t tAt? f ? > l f t R te? At? t ? ? t f [ R Cwt) tRf4lR 4 e ? R 1
t t R t f f?te?t?
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Contents
tm'*r=1 ( i i )
ss9^ i^Hufii \ 5 [ t | ' i - f i i i i iRiiit * i i ? i i ^ m i T m o mtfifrm-fi m i itfti f i t f ( ^ . i o o / i i s o o ) - i i i ? ffti
t i i T % r ('ir)-ci uiw<iif vg i r s r # i cinai ? i f i ? i c f wtittf|cn iffiit?irfti-iiiintiiRcnntfmimit?
i w T % o iferftcn I Hfi mt f n i m m fiit i t m ? - t i t v 3 S i fin m if?ci I liitim Sc^mrir n , tm
tiiti crffm n t I t f i c i mfftn i T S f - n fici ir'^m. ?if?iicnficn cm.Mitj i w n iff i f f i # ? m i t ? t
it
c n I lit itifitnt Bf^Tcf tnitc n c n t ^ n mtci iRcn utf iwi ?#?tf|cn n t i t n i^fti -ntci i i ^
<)voijicH nt fitntit H T n i f m WW n f i c n i itcwt rm ^[ttun? itur Smr^ ^

n i o tiii'*r=i ('iT)-n fiit? ff? I C S mft i m mmi ittc i t c i , - I t i t e n n f litci? n n tm tfiucn icut
i n itmn itm?ii n i 'iran i^ttit tc i tunici f u ^ fn I a p n i2Hm tmiti n f i e i c?n itn-t U f o - i i i ?
stf i j f i i ti?ru f m g u f i i i t tfiii -mm, lufiei
'Ns[Ti-'itm'i-'5if1iit" i m itifiimit^ i m n t n i
tmn ic*tj Hifcn itfi tm^fifi Sn m n |it itmr ciit Sir cw trfSf? -nru i i m i f i i f i ? n , m i
mtfi^'1-ften fuHf?^ m i i u ? i Scîcuu mmfii
m ifiitflim nt ir itiim (6i_ x ^ ^ )
^ f
(JI
i f % m v 3 i f i i t f f n i iei fitei m i iren tf??c^
I t i m
uti
iitfii i f i ^ I lilt imr? itct i * m fnm irfiir f m i
m
iHfi I U 1? I m i <fim fiirm uf?-n mxitn^

I t e n Se,tf% I iicn finff m o firm (m) liit itcit ifitf Sf? itm-iii? leitntei fim ien n t liit m
mmi I
fitcn fsj m i imm w^^jiii icn i tn*rmi it?m
W t n % r Cir) ivsî n i ? ??ci i m tifnri Hw " U U Sf? iim-iii? m ? ift fim nrn mw n i
icn nt "ft? trc^ irfti-ia? ic?j n t f i n ( i t f i n
I t m
tfieu u n ^spm-n uiHnen i u ite u? i i irwm
nfii m f i nn. tntff tmt3ififS?t, i ? t f f t.R, i^b- tnr t m ititei nn n i rir um Sn iruen
iic?tfim vtim i H uguf? fli m i ^fun-iii?
t
i f i f ? fi?c^ Sftf^t mtnsicn m#? i i i ^ lilt i?ft fct f i m ' i t n wtm m , f?H f ? v 3 m m u n
f. s ( i ) firm t n tiirri m-fitf, m-ntti-, ifiitt ut flcn n t i t i t ? ? t ? w m , t m - t 'mn ^3 tm^-t
t.fi., i i , 8'i8-i3, (ts>; ( A ) t n ufn, ^fffi, l ^ S 'mtwm-n iim u m f flcn, 'mm ift "^cw i ? f <
is>s>/ijsis>, A l , A t.; () t n wtft? It--mtft, -tfi, n I lit few m i ^fun f i i n i mm f ? ^3 S^g?ifimft
tn f.fi.^ i i , 1.; ( 8 ) t n ' i - ^ ^ f ^ , -tf im-itfii, ,
m i imm-n i f i v 3 f?v3?n m - n fw n n t Sm
i i , i t i i t f l % t I t . , fin i o o i ft.; (a) nf?, iii-fimt
t n
tHiHv3 m ^ t 1 ? A o uwm, b-feis/ioo ^ f m , i8b-b-) mmI
vsitl-fiimr, t??i ifeîb- % , i(j-o t.; (b) it'itft, fi-iif-"1- Hf? fg ill tnt'êi? ? ? i n ug n i t n n t i ? f l f i ^
i t f n t ' , 1f?C?t iAfeo ft., f. "bfe t., brb--s>o; (i) The Holy u m itef|i cn t i t e i Hw t m cicien m ffm
Bible, Cambridge University Press, Jesson Kitab fun c i f i u ^ c m s u itn i m i S n inren Sûfimft^s
Takwin, Abwab 18, 20, 21; ( b r ) Jevsash n rm I^FC I H I n I f i f f? ^sim? m f?uf?
Encyclopaedia, <a1, fic?f.; (S.) It. i t . t . , A l , 'lAV-'l8; n ^ HH i 3 F ? I f itc ?m m I f i c? m? ffi i i ^
( i o ) E . l . ^ Vol. 4, 184-85; ( i i ) I t f i n I t f i i I t l ^ l ^ f < f n u n ic?i n t iten n n fm itc m

nn. t n t f t m t c F t f i f ? t , i?tft t.fi., i>i3ib->6<i; ( i A ) ftn tittu c?m I i?ein m t i u ' ^ tm c? ?ti?
itf^ t n t f f f i f c m , t n t f i i itSc^n ittitni, i^vb nsiam?iei Hw uifiien itu itttwm-it?itfti iHfci
f , A ? 1 t . , i i , ib-ff-bMs I ?v3-?tu n I I t m i e i fitu ? t i i i ? ^ê uen t
, . m ^ w f i tm u i f i i v3 w m f mmften itut ^ titc uci i
^ m r f ^ (^m) ( j j i j j r i n ,,.i) sw. b-s.A/i8b-<i, it?itfti itc tiii'*ri
m I t f i i m mie?? fiei m ? ni
fitim ircmi s>o(j-/i8s>s>, f . soo/ieAss, t ? t n ? itmf isn i f f o o '^^tcn ?i^?iei cit itH f f cuen
?tcn etftitt I itirfcn nfiiR?t t?tftwtf?r?Tcn (timwf, v s t f l i f , ?cit?f, f"i-itm, itif, i t n ^3 mim)
fiwrni cn ffit u ic?i i i?ij liit f i # n i fn nj'f iAt?i?,mnruItitft?tcnim -ûnfli, m n
f ^ i f t t tnrf t?it?wfi n t nr . i j i itf^f fiut timfif I f i n , t n f ^ fi^sm m??^
n m m
m i ifim ^3 Sm n ^ .ifn f f citcn i m m int u m - n m few n f i " n n t i n fc^ i m wfwm

iiii| ic?t imr nfic t t t ? i m i m ititftcn, i^'f fim nen few mitei tufw^ ie?i i fi^sm i n
fitttc t ? f wtf?t?tcn lilt fiwfi?ci iftci; t?tftcn f i i n n t tiii'sfi iT^H^?ic? Htm i]titffen
cmmm fif ir I ifeui i l l icn i U f wen n t n f ^ it?t?i?wten
tnt'-^ci? f?m f l ? it?i i t f i f T ' i - f i (f.
f i e i m ? n I mi-c?5inf? 'cimtfif mtei uu uen
'iAe/iA8)-n mtitntm t m f i t itfwi i w cttci i
tntft fiitem
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Contents
8bO tiir*f'=i ( I I )
dt\ m , Hf mrnr^ i m m ms tiir*f'=i i i n n?mwH imiei' i f i o t n flcn 1 nên icm n cm

l i i t f i
VS ,ig H i % ifim i m i ifit fiffn i t f ^ m -ift mfin m mit fn vaeimn i n ? mtm 1 mem I F F I O
I t i i
tiit%t-n ifm iftti i m mf n nt 'iti' Sitfi % it??-n fiit n Hmt f^ itift 1? 1 fc^
? ^ F i f
f%fi 'itm-t t n t m in' 'iti-t f t i itm' Sitfi itimf m nt t

fiin f ^ w f n 1 fif vît itieu
stf^cui fit m uf iH I U cm n m itm i t e i ,
fititm I t n t i c n n i i i i i tiii'ri n emit m n iit ^ tm cmm f f i f % ^ tmn vîiH fnff
f'm (tiffin) iiin t m ^ 1? niei ftff m i n i I f ' ^ m$ ifm ti'>ii'*tiC4 m mm m ifie uHi u,
fiffn n ien f f f fmten m fli ifiit S^ cmm m^ H itu<L uiii ic^'s Sien VS itmfii fnt?
iei mfft if%m 1^ i # i ifitit fli i f i f mten S^ igei icm -itifei iffttc n m n Ut n, vfiim
fiai:^
m i f f i i n f n ? irni^Seim ifiit t n f ^ fiw fims luwiei fiPsu

f n s n ifiu fin 1
i t i Iten 1 ^ cmm ICI i n n i 'Siitf itgtcwr m 1 S 1 , m u f uen fft? nvs iu>iifim ien
ififapm I f ifnt m, n n t m n fif^ ^ntit Sit mt imfiis Sien itgiwT nti 1 lufici'Siitf itftcwj?. f l i
itH itn It l i t t i i ite itn it i mei VFLT mft fli f i i ite tnfmei? c?t ? f l i mU: fn it^ i f i 1
iitii3cn n fifS|it imfitf4 f11 iifcn ffti 'Siuf f f e n cfmu f? n l u i m fiuwm 1 mmt
m litt fcn i n t tmiei fmîtiilftwj icnm vfit?\i c f i - f i VG liim ifiitf fn n, f i t i u f i f f
mfi fiHi ie*fj fis^ I T I T m i tmti mi-*^ ti^ wie ft? fiitmc? emu ifiei f m finm; n ci^
Itfi i t m m mff bficf|i nt fnt? itfi-VFI mm- m i ifnt fii ?He itnut 1 tmn tnfêmfc fftii
citnf IV'cn itn mi fli i if?iimn t m Cim ^s cttmn ^ c f ^ mue ffm f m i H ii^.c3Ft?TJI
i t f ^
'Itwti), m i , irmti, finti VS mm w mtu 'ntiteVS fll, tm Sn I u t m f ' m n fiem emu f i c i

Iflfim
mfi mtj iffl IT?iifli IFFOVA f ite I F F I S i w ij^ i c i t ? IC?? mu m i u 1 ? nt ifmuimsi itwt?
I
m tiit'ri n n ifiit Hew? m if?%i i?t^ icn Itwt? fitei iTf lU 1 ? iflt m itm tnten mvsîfi I
ntfifsimvsi?iwimf'ffcni?mitH i iit?ieiitim n icnuH f ? i itu ifSmfn mu F U F I I I V S ftm

i f ^
VS fim-?tf? ite ftff l i s H i lititm mtfcn ifimen 1 mem cn F I I H V S itfim I F S I m litt if%m?
ifiit?fs5 1? 1 i(to<h f ite I F F I O v{. i m f i m fH iteiiienift itieiiif4 n 1 f ? f i itc ITIUL f i i
mmti, m m , ffim mn ieiimjiw? ien i isn ( i i t ? m = vaitem)fe?i?ffmtfim-vfi ncit??

if%i VG S ^ - f % i t m ifim ien i ifntiêi Hew? few t n f ^ citsfimn imw? n l ien 1 f f mftf i f c i
i H i m i?t^ i m n fH fifiei i i n n i ft?te n i n ? -stm f?f? iHm m n t ^5iti u f i n imiti
f i m Iitn ? t w f iHef|cn i if?iiite Htitien i n citun i?fR icn n t fiwen ifiem M itm Fgfici
n f f ? ?tf? I t f m i m ?t<[? ^ i??f, Itci t?e cm icn vflt i n few neif mftitf?i mtm fsimfi
I
f n itgtesij? ifitt if??ffflen- Htitm? wu: ^p? flcn i fn, m tntten um ffuvs fifwien ium-iTtm if
f i f m tm fie?tfen mt mifit ite ?fifs n i um mu ie^ f i L I itfcn v^t fiwen ifH n Hmtn
I
tiii'*rtmfm fll tmtnvs i m f ^ n f ' ^ im m[ itntf uen Sn tnfên Hwen it f l i 1 m i m

i m f f t it?ift ifn
I i ^ i T t i t n tnfên i H f4 tiu'ên m I F I V S i^t ntwcn stH ffi i1^ wtm f l i
neitfim i i t n , if flcn, m H t n f ^ itn ft?te? n t tm I U Sf^ n fi?;tm f?u fimfli ([ mut

fsj? ?tf? ?twijen fiicw V&U?wvq ^t?tflen, f i f ita!m:i? I C I , n t fH i m t fm ifim V I I I H LAJVG >^=IVOH itfen
cm fc?ti ifnt Sfk iten i t i m i ^^t n? it??f m fiit cm ifimflen), f^ f f c n vfit fiw?- VS itHim
S?en.itit?mi VS fit?r m if??t itmflen ( I ^ O O f ) tmn f ' ^ i t n i f f n t if?c i t n ut, -ifin cit?ii
nt '2ptm irgsfi if??f ( I ^ O '^.) ?ff? ?#'S'?-?fm ?jf tnfên fiw? mc^VG ^ f ^ ^ T|t i t n fif^ 1 ? ut 1 m
f f ? ?ten m m e i fnfien wm Hf^ ifnt fntflcn n tfifnm Hm fif V I T I I S^-ifn liifim f us
f l i
(?tf'S?'-?tm m tnfêi? fiit VS ?tn ifiitfimn 114? muf ien iff i w ffimn ^ (Smn), m?e mm-
i n ifntflen) 1 iitm nfiei ?ficn t n f ^ , fiH tmei f ^5ft mm-^ (fll), tmn (mtf) VS 'Si-mtf mticn
???i#3n5 f "m- im?if mewi iHi if?cflen nt f m ICU f i ^ uHn I lit imcf vfliH fsiwn utm ^^T n,
Ite fftii f i ^ imn Hcifi itcfl=i 1 fmt I F F I I f ^ - ^ Hm: tnten m^^ffi I F ^ i^tm u n m
HH i t f f e n inmt? Hcii cn Sitt^ ien ? I T , n t fimcn fcmci i ? ? f mei fcmf? ? ^ H tm VS
? ^ 'Itfii fii n I mfici fien it??tf m, f?H gft 'f?e^ n u n iêiî ?sf?e fcmi .m 1 -?tu - ^ 1 , vît m
tntf Hmm
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Contents
t l i f ^ (ATI) 8b8 tnt%f (A?)

t>|i)r4f=i-ii n H fRPft tHmra i f w ioi Hâ (Leo x) mme w i c n mi nftei? n tnt'îei lirt i f
V3 i i uifHHHiti (Maximilllian)-iira iH tif fftm im n (mrm ^^8/ -Hen? iffff^b) n t inmmwm-n
sfTnetf mtl I ia-is fsiw isff^ uiHm-n tmnm t i nn^-nr fC'f fs n i citim -HH mi Hi n n ?Hm i f
HH t m mil (Charles v ) - d v 3 Hw mr Hfftm c^tr Ifcn I n m f 1 1 ^ itcsm nen i t H ^ mff fien i ^
W l , irm Sn 'ûiwmci sfHciTi m iH: tm, Hf HH^ m i SHHf itmei i c m cm fg Seî iHm irei
cit m âtît csHcn f n cm tf^sir m ift i CI, t n r % n cum irmHm iH^ mm? (s^bA/iffffff)
mHm-n fiw iHa tiii'fic<> mr-wtfir ^ ifwHm iH iHtmei wH Hi -m 'Siitfen iH Hi isimHi
iHifti mitc At?fiHi,Hf i f f i f f fgici HH wfwif IfH itHmHi nt nmi mitm itimHcn ci, tim%ii
jpHc nm n n t liitmti f m tmfcn irmr i^Hîi ^fim ' ^ m lilt irHei Ht^ iHc tre? i Hf % i i f fm
m m n I f i m irfcn Hi5 cstH f m imr H m itiTt - f i ^ m ite mme tnr%ii fim? î itc ^ît
tmâ Huci m I tu 'Snf mmi< Sicnwici ??en H n liifitm c f n ?Hm srfim n i n m fcai
mnrffrmi Hicw iim SmH Hc ircm nt mn- -mHm . tfvam m CI, icim fHmf nmt tm%i? imtif
fcwi n lilt mHtsH icm iH itici H<3 ircm i -mr f n mn nr iHc tren m i ' e? t m % n Sn itc
ic^'G rucn icm cm ^ft^ imirmrfr fw itiH n lift f tr^ imtm ciâm nf m i tir^ itc tre? ci,
mtl - i A i i i i iat mtiijîHeHcn ci, tm%f mr -fifci
^ tnr%T iftHi I t n imm tiHmr "wi n t mtm ^ i m mHm inr cmi iHeei i iritm ^^Hm
irmffti-ifl Hsf tiHmHi citiffci nrH n i i^t imm wm tm'^ci? cm i 3 F vs^nfi m'fi cn m r f fiHi
f m S^smHmft (â cwit fn) mi rniUft-n m mm n ?Hm t n cmirtcHcn i m?rc tm'^cn muei? iei
m? Hi I -mrmf iten tHifcn im -fn 'G ^jfim I C I f m i ^ f < v3 Sw ?i?m niiit-n memiei mem
itfHfHtH, mm mnrci ciHim (ctcSTm)-n mwfi iff iHm cmei nt -fijci H^H if?m crei i tif mr
fffirc? iH= ifci, mn mrH^m-fi-n imH itiif iftm mm ^ mm imrm ^ mei? ir'stHi HcEfrcn mt
itc it^jfr At?fici 1 fmei tm'^cn Hiew ?i?ft f i c i s Sfw ie? i tnr'êi?
( i ) ir'G-miirfH, irff'i-Hm, o/si, A t.;
?ff 1 ^ i l l fHe mfi-t 'mm irm-t i m f ( i i ,
iAs-) icf mtf imt Sf^ î^c StHS^ iHffH? i H m
s t f t f s
( A ) Le P. Raphael du Mans, Estar de la Perse en

1660, trfHl i b r f e o 'J. A v b o - A ' ^ v b ; (o) p. Horn, fvam m I Sme mei ci, mr^? icm? -uc^f ^ mm HH^
t
Grundr. der Iran, philoL-ifl, A l , fflfe-VA; ( 8 )
m icn wm m - n iieren ?i?ei ftrci i f im
Malcom, The History of Persia, i i , o A o - A V ; (ff)
itmHi I m nnfcn ffi ^^ci (feb-s/iff'^vb), ô,ooo
Dubeux, La perse, tlfHl i b - 8 i offo t.; (b) P.M.
H"Hiin -mfnmre n n n nt tm'^cn i H iffiei?
I l l sni ie? nt A*) ^mtir i, S)b-8/AA mi%, iffi^b irei
Sykes, History of Persia, 1 ^ i f e i f f % , i i , A 8 i t.;
( 1 ) A. Muller, Der Islam etc., A L , o 8 b r - f f 8 , o f f ' ^ - v b o ;
?fw?f mfei ti*fr*f=i m A? trn'^nct Htme? memi
icn 1.
(b-) mfami m tim'^ (imirm cncmi n mfk
tr#ffi, mm . mm Hit U w mei); E.I.^ 8 1 , fiHi (>i?Htci? I C I t m ' ^ imHi i?iim m?ttm
ciHmHcn nt imm ire? me^ ie^ f m nrnrn Semii
(m.m.t.)/ f. m i ^ -mm i t i c? cm Site? Hew? -^mm fitm im i iHme?
^>fll'sfm (A.Tr) ( ^ U D IJ ^ U ^ I ) SW. fe8o/iffoo-8 HH Simwff ciff? -HHmi l i i f i i e i >i?4if -mff
(m^ ii itc IfH; rm wn tHi cm ^^HuHi m itc -Hmfcn n n n -nff i n ie?i i m i cir^r
Hnf itc trâm m i o mif iri,feb-ff/ASme^,
mm Hicw tm mm mmen tci^ ifriici n l i -HmHi i
m tiHmi ien; mtiff mwiten tmem m, m isn -HH f m
m),
iff')') m
R?ci* i?en imi m i itc tfe? iît
'nmit ( f . ) ( f e b - 8 - f f / i f f ' ) ' b - < ) ) - i n Hfl fn I leiei n t mw?tcn m n -?rwfiiienei iir iHc Htm
f m mr m m i ( f . ) - n Hegten n t n f ^ -fiam- 1 ^ iHm He i ifien i ifit?it iiffm mm tr^ mt
n sfim Hf^ n ( f e f f 8 / i f f 8 =)) nt icimm irmcmHrm va im -nwi -mrff f??rw fii n i tm*^ ?n S^ tif
'Simifcn Hmew iHtrr - m i H m tHmim. ien i iiiriici mm fim mei if f< n i H m ifim
fevbA/iffffff mm HH m H'ltfm ^mff (f.)m v^gims it?fe? iir ifie ^ ifien, -n Hlinrni -im Htim
rm fifcm l 5 t e i Hm I C I T I t n f I's.i? mmm ^vbo/^m ifcmiei fsfi i t i nt mmci cirtci w i m ntre?
i f f f f HH ftumc-t? iii Hf^ n i
m - ^ 1 1 tm'êi? fiiew ^^t ifcmi ^rnm it?ffn
t n i f f i m e m
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Contents
t*iir>t=i (?t) 8b(t
CT, ftft . i f ^ f t t s " W t T ^ " ( t l R t ' W t t t f t ) f f ^ f^CR? R t I ^ % ^ T O 4 ftc^lR; 9^ cms t p t t ^ f f 2itf Rt A ^ T O

t^JUSftR1<l|'tnt^ K t W W T T O C t ? TOT W f t 4 ^ Se,RttA CRtTCA C4t? f f t f t t f t ftCAtfW ftc^lR Rt I f # R (fttl^ f f 4
^tmflR liRâJAtCTllT lil^ft T O Rt 4%rtftR I R t t ^ S C T T ? lilRT^tA t t t l t ? ! ^ ) , WtACAftA R t f f W t t t t W * p f t
.ft4,
stft t r o t t c R ? f # T O t l ? f T t f r o t "BTRtt?n w t t t : ^ RAW lift tA'Stn^C AtWtA A t f j A ftR I tA? Rf^fl .|RT4Tef^
^ftjft i g f t i i f t R 1 t r o t t t R ? ^ t f t TO TOf-litA t t R t ^ t t ? t t ?tR ^f? 1 tttt'^CRS R t t R , t f t ? , 'QAtaTtsTO TOt,
RACTtfftR ATOa^tftm w t f r o i A t t r a t f t R t f t l t c t ? RtAt tRT, fA'5. ^^^TW? t R T f A ' ^ R , C t T ? TOtt^ tR ^^ftc e t ^
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TAIA C W T i ;mT t A I t l A 'JTOtfTO ( 5 . ) W S T C ^ l A tTOAI tff^ttR A t I t t t t t R ^5tc CttRTTa ^ t C ^ t?t^ W t S C R
s r ^ t # t s ( i ) W. Hinz, Schah Esmail II, Kin stft~?'SR?t TOtt^ t t ^ ff^ stT? ^ AjWT? ' Q A f t ? TOtt? A t I
Beitrag zur Geschichte der Safaviden, in MSGS, ? # ? Rtf^TTOtftR R R T C^53I1R? W R ^ ftR R t f t f ? ?f? f t ?
O i J j t . ( i i t s o o ^.), I- i>S>-i.oo; ( A ) ^ f t A TORTSeRRt:A5 ??t?? I ttill'>rC=1 WTS'Q m^ ? t W t ?ftRC t t t C ? C ^ ? , t R T t t l f t
Rll^ f A ? ? t R A , % 00-A8 I t ? 3 R l Atc C?tt tt I t?5f^3tft4 t?t t c ? iiVA-trO/it-JaS)
R. M. Savory (E.I.^)/ CTTAtTO AtfA5R t T O T t RtCR de tott A^nCTO t%? fttt t t t r o R t ? R t ?TO?CT,
t*i^l'*f1 (J-Ll_a^l) S ( ? t ) , RTATft I tft ?RTO ? R T O

tRRt'^ 1^ R t ? RtftfC?? f t c ? ? W ? T R ?tftWT 4 t 5 T TOIt
mus^ I f R f t R RTRt^ S?f Alft^' atr^ t R R f ^ f f 2tf3RrrrtTOt c^ t l R t c ? fttrt f i R i t t R t ? (Galatz),

t?^fRfl A t f t A f t RtA^ff AtSK^ S ^tffslfA ( R ) f ^ T O ^ A S cttt? (Khotin), C??TO (Bender) f ? 5 R ? t ^tc W t t
CT A f f t s RCTtACT? f Z R \S RRfiSS? t C T RTRT WTTO 4f?CT CR Rt^SttfiA? R?C?tt ^ t*iVl'*rCt<l ^<1AH A T O mi mV^/
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t f T ATWI? S c a t ^RslC^-t I lift R i A t f t R t c WtA t f c t R lilRT^T? Atf^ 'S^Rtft R t g T C W J ? 51 J R ? R C f g fCR tAt
WtRt TORt I '?5'^ff f c f tftt AtStCA I iiV8/i<H<Ho RTCR ^ CR?ttR
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t4^
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i o t t ft., i t , H i I f?SStftf^ A S I m^ fA'5. C ? ? T t R f??at Rtt^ t A R t C ? ?T?AtC??
Pl*ll4 W t f t SciACt ^ t t 1 ? C t f t ftCttWt? RAC?tff^ tRRf^RC^
^ ^ ^ ( J J fl . ,l) S ' S ^ R t f t f f R A A t r o f ^
f?tC? tf^nft f C f t ^ t TOIR I AfffSf-Wtft? iAo*/
ftCR^ iHfeo RtCR ^ Rtftf fCTC?t (Suvorov)-'iTa
CARTAtfAATA (Bessarabia) A?Sft4 ( 5 . ) W t a C R RttAfTAA
sfPa stf%C?tCt? R f f ? A t A t t t V I ' i f t ^M
i
wf?Rt?4C^ Wf?4t?
(Danube) R t t t R f t f ^ R A T (Kilya)-'il?TOtf t C A w f ^
* t t R TO I tS?tft ? t ? ? ? (Byron) tT?AtfC?? (Derzavin)
WtlRAt CbCs^lft R-ftt t # A t C l ACT,V V S . / i 8 V 8 RtC^ A t A f R T ?
^ftI? t i t f t Rt ?sf??tC^ I iAo'Jj/i'^SA RtCR t T t f t (Jassy)->a?
flt?t TOTtftR CTOtRtiTO (Moldavia) t t ? ^ Aftc t ^ R l t
ttft ff^WfttC? t t t f ^ 'S^Rtf t T t ? T f c ? c?5? C?TO
W T 4 - t w T O ^ ^ t rot, 'S?? R R C A t ftRtft R t R 4 iSfSR4
lAt?t wft ftgt t r o stf?tt A T A I T f ? f % ? TO? I tA?ft
RnfFftA' .)Rt4lft ' S A A T f t R T t ^ t f t C ? WtAAA 4Ri|lftctH 1 S f R t t
i A A 8 / i V o J s RTCR ff(TO ^ AC ^fTOt TO I CW?tC?R ^FC4t
t t ' Q R t TO CT, ti>S.H/i<J-W-S> R t C R ( ^ . S f A 4 1 ? f t f t , 8 / i t ,
(Tuckov) t ? ? f t ? R C ? t t R f ^ C R ? f?4C8t f t T O f ? C W ? Rtet
(t<{b, C A f 5 - i ) t R t t t C R mW f g f f (TOfte.'^t) t R f t t TOt
lil^ft S t f t c ? t ^t? ?sc?? ?1At t ? ? f t W t t t ^ l t ' t r C l ^ l RC5f
AtRtf^; ^ ftRTt^tcf WttatACt? W R T 'QATlTfFAt
m^ TOt A A i l l R l I iAAt/iViA RtCR f t t C ? % t t f t ^ "^t^f?
(Wallachia) CTtRttftrit 'îc ^ f t t t R t ^ 4 t t A t A C 4 w T ^ t ?
A}3TO tttf^Ct? St? ?tf*tTO W f w i ? stfi% A ? I iAtVib-<tJs
TOt A ^ R t f l R , i o o i / ifffevs !^:C ioi(2-/i>530>53 RtR ' M '^S^Rtfl RtCR W g f t t T t f A t t t f t l ^ W t C R t ^ f S F f t r o f C M tft?tTf%
R i g t W T W ^ T O RCtT f t f ^ R ? R C ^ R A A ioovS/iftSxt RTCR
t1? t f ^ t C?Rt?tR?tRA tttt'*ftC?> (tro f ^ f t l i l t ? *t?RSft)
TOftt->ilA ( f . A ^ f t T f t , O t , S x t ) C?T^ t t ^ t t f R t f t ? t
WtCR
A t t ^ T O f ? ? ^ Atc CtTRttfTO wfc? A ^ N ' S t TOt A ? I Mt
CTransylvanians), CRtRRlftA A t l T f t ? t R f t f t R f ^
A t f t f i A S > 8 / i V < H H R t e t t t i J l ' * f t ' f f t t R TO mi i A S > * / i V H V
4r?t?5 R 5 R A t c ? Georgius
RtCR ?tfR? ? s ? C t C t ? f t ' * l ' 3 W f t t C ? tA?f& ?tftTO wfc?
t?4^ tRRttCR? t r o RC5 1
TOft
Dousa tA'SlfDc^ ASRT TORtCA W T ^ R R ^ ftR ?fRAt t f f
?#?rfCAA I t R A f ^ ioio-ioii/ i>53oA i o - i o v S 8 / i-JsAS ?5?t A? I fttfci? etc? tAt ^^ttf?TO fttact mi f^ft?
Sttt
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iob'\/ib(iH t*ii|l'*rW T T O ^ ^ t ? ^ I 4 < f >l ftw? ?5nc? tScs^ 2twtca? Rcsf R?f^ ^tttcA i t p f M is.(^b
RffcTO ^-ftt tt?ftClA I 1ft S c a t ?#?fTCA?CT,>ilttC? mm 'l. ? R ? t R 4 t f C5rtTO?,tTl f i R s f t ? 8 , o o o ; t A l C t ? R C t T ^^Rtf?,
t t R f f fttTCTO
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Contents
tm'*f1 8bb t m ' ^ t m m % i i
tSr3F%, f f , ficilH, w\ ( ? m v 3 fn I
w t f ? ffi,fe-ls;( A i ) I. H. Uzuncarsili, Osmanli Tarihi
tm'*fi nft i f m liRx unt? uRwj cit5 U ? U o i t ? i c i (Turk Kurumu Yajanlarindan i v o , i g ^ l t i - b ) , 8 / i 1 ,
va (ilun uufi< m , I t t va tTO? um? i utmu ifeffvb % , ffl4>, dtt i ; ( A A ) J. Pohler, Biblioheca
afft#f s ( i ) U T v a f t u C 5 C l f , Iiun U w , tftfi Historico-Militaris, Kassel ib-b-l-ib-fefe A1, iovo
i v o i f f H., i o > ! j - i ; ( A ) m U l O S f v a c r o , tmil i v o o f e
t f l , 1 . nt A < ? 1 . ; ( A v o ) von Schafenort, Quellenkunde
1t., 8 1 , vsA-ls, ffi, fe8; ( v o ) Georgii Dousae de itinere der Kriegswissenschaften fur den Zeitraum i l 8 o -
suo Constantinopolitano epistola, Lugduno ifeio uHi ifeio f, ffovo, (A8) f f tu? t m f
Batavae i f f f e f e i l - i b - ; ( 8 ) Memoires du Baron Wmm, Si. ISMAIL (Aurel Decei) sm i
de Tott, U H f u s t l i 1 V 8 % , A l , i f f i - i f f A ; ( f f ) F . von
T. Mehzel (V. J. Parry) (E.I.^)/fUsm[fcn
Smitt, Der Sturm von Ismail, Hc?U i b r v o o (b)
A. Zashcuk, Bessarabskaya Oblast, in Materiali
^>|i(|'5f1 (J_. .1 ...I) s tft 'mUim-Ufitft
dlya geografii i statistiki Rossii, c i ^ fittifsf ibr^!JA I t ? t n I t f ? t n fgi t n u i u ^ f i t n fili t n
f; ( i ) A . Nakko, Istoria Bessarabii s drevneishikh fitm t n iiiif t n fu t n ^tu #ti, i t ? m - n
vremyen, vacsu ib-^vo (tr) N. Orlov, Shturm I t i n ntSwun (crH^ i=S'Ss7l?f) u n f t m nwi mti
Izmaila Suvorovymy 1790 godu, C 1 ^ fifu|< i b - f e o Itfii vg ftn % n I Hii i i b v o / i i - i s f e umn i i b - 8 / i i i o

(fe) P. N. Batyushkov, Bessarabia. I t c i tifnti uen I fH va f i t ? f g H?ifm Smmt citnt
Istoriceskoye opisaniye, C l ^ Htttif< i b r f e A %; ( i o ) Iffii v s u f i m - f i f futi f (f. iiivo/i)-3so)-<i? uifn
Statisiceskoye opisaniye Bessarabii ... ili ficn I uutHi TC?R U S U I H f t itu fitu ftufmi
Budjaka ... s 1822 po 1828 g. Izdaniye uen iH ntfm ifiu 'ft?l?lt' U n nf& f s i m t i
Akkermanskago zemstva, U l f - c m t l ib-fefe ( i i ) va m c u u n ^ i t icn i citiuf c u % i i ufcmm
Mogilyanskiy, Materialy.dlya geografii i statistiki f i # n Hffcn n m f ftitc? Hf?i i c ? n t ^ S n m i ^
Bessarabii, Kishinev i f e i v o f ; ( i A ) N. M. Korobkov, uf^ f g ft?i^?ii%? U I itftu C I C I I I C I f i i t - f 2 i S?ci
Vzyatiya Izmciila ( i l f e o ) , in Voenno-Istoriceskiy 'f'J o' ( U I if^) U C I mf%H I U itc i t c i (u?u
Zumal ( i f e 8 i % ) , A 8 1 . ; ( i v o ) Y. Yefimove, Shturm fim? U I mtt 1 ? ut) 1 tm%T t n 'm?fi?-?ffi if%n
turetskoy kreposti Izmaila v 1790 g. Neopublik. uiitf i c f s (fitcn unti m f ? ) ?bf?m ficn, f i f ^
report A.V. Suvorova, in Voenno-Istoriceskly f i t ? ntfii u f f < u?ui fn tm'f'f if%m? fimH
Z u m a l ( i f e 8 i f), 1261.; ( i 8 ) I.S. Procko, Russkaya tfiifi#f atf tif i i i / i i o itci? f c i ' iwfi 1 ? nt
artilleriya v shturme Izmaila v 1790 godu, in f_ o ^ j - ^ 11C1 if?f6f^ it IC?, f i f tif? i f I t i
Artilleriyskiy Zumal ( i f e f f o %), 42 1 . ; ( i f f ) I.
fll 11 j 4 i i 0^.11" I viiifci Seal I U icuwi CI,
Rusztukov, Shturm Izmaila, in Voenno-
it?l?iA ci>??>t? "iiîtfîimuifi S s s r l i f cvo ?i?m <^f?câcl i
Istoriceskly Zumal ( i f e t o f f % ) , i i A 1 . ; ( i ^ ) A. V.
tm'if'f untcn c i t i c m i ic^ tm'^cn w s fifi
Suvorov, Dokumenty, mft. G. P. Meshceryakov,
ifi mu? i??f I t i i c n fi?i^ UiF mci I
sm i f e S f e - i f e f f v o A l , ft.; (iC) E. de Hurmuzaki
Documente privitore la Istoria Romanilor, v o / i 1 . W. Ivanpw (U. U . t.)/ f i U W Sfi m^ffl

(fUf:?% ib-b-p ^.), A A , / A l . (fUC?^ ib-b-b- ' ^ . ) , feff vs ^sr^t'tsr ^srtf^Titc^ (g. C5cif U C I )
lt?Ht i / A ( f 1 f C ? % i V b - f f '(.), A v O A nt b-i.vo (Hu5)
mi-tiitiif mi-w?tf, mi-ii?i, mi-itf, fei/iffi
tit <i)vs1vo ( i b - ) Documents privind Istoria
ici? Qwucs? nwi iUt 'mfii, H i i vg tntf mti
Rominiel. Colectla Euduxi de Hurmuzaki
lie? Hen i t u r f fimi fim itn 'm?^pimi-tiififf?
(Academia Republlcii Populare Romine-
i c i tiie? fH timiR itc w?fct m m ien i fim?
Instltutul de Istorie), Serie Nova, I (Rapoarte
His VQ 'sw?te5? mufu 'mficn fiis t m f Hmfci fim
Consulare Ruse i l l o - i ) f e ' b ) , f U l U ? i f e ' b A f., b r o f f
11 ien I fim miuc HH (^jj_^]-m
u n t F i t f
(fiu5); ( i f e ) J. W. Zinkeisen, Geschichte des
Hc?ifw n t vat i c i fH ? i fii ufif^ fipm i ugn
osmanischen Reiches, Gotha i b - S o - i b - v J s v o ^sj., ff't,

' w?teB? mfi ifm! f i n i t i f i m i - i i f ? - n
ifSi, - i i , b - V o , 1 1 , - i f f f f ; ( A o ) N; Jorga, Geschichte
^t^f^^mei fiH miuuuOT? i t f fif?? n nt f ^ i m i n
des osmanischen Reiches, Gotha i f e o b - - i f e i v o
l i t uf?^ i m i c n I
Hitcm
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Contents
f r i t ' ^ t n I f f u t n (?)
8b<\ t n T % T t m f m f
HH i H n ufiHt vs nfmit Hen n?. 'Q^feB? vssnfi v m ^ ' - m i f i , umtm (ufiûm) As>i, ivoAo- H . , i i ,
f f m w mrai f m n Ti t i H i t i u f i - i u i f ? Hut As>A; (<t) ^ cin, miff'-mif?, t??; )>oh(t/),h<\<t,

t n
t n u'Huf'-n f m m uen i H H b r v b c / i g v b o u e i vbb-; ( v b ) fm?u, mi-u'mtf?i, mff i v o W i s > ' i ' ! ,

i i , t n
uf'Sm-mavsiren c n Hei t i H u f i i e n i (1) ftHm-fi mtiUi mm-Uvsuf, miftfi-

Aii; t n
stfuit s ( i ) rni-mutf, m f tm-Him, g. i f f mtm' vaum-fif,finm. H., AI, i mi, i A i i

tni'*fi; ( A ) u f i 'm?f"i-mtu m i - m u f , f?ufm- mrii ?tm f ntfi t m i
UvsuH?, oi, utUf'i-u'mHi
i , rni-'SiutiuT, ^*tii'm ^'im '^srt^ ^j ^ i ^ i ) fitm s t n
u n u u i (mmo) f ifeffi I
Ufi mi-itiff, m i - f i f , i / i v o ici? fmf
t n ^ t n
vfl. n . m t n ^^t^ mad?'mteitcn nwi iUt'mt?f iufii, I t f i 1 ' t f

CI. I
t>iî'Sfsi t ^ 'î4ifni (f. t fH

n i t m f i ) (mtif^-i-) vs Huu it^ fiumvs u n f ( f i ^ )
ficn I 'mil-Ititf' fim mt mffi i? ci, f%H 'mum?

(?) C915SR tiut mH'-^ Snm mff 'mfUnn i Hm? mm ifiw 'itif^'
I
n t im n? C i t m f ^ f m 'mt??
mm mme? n f i , f i m Sium mff u H i i i f f ufmm itntiei I t m itc fif? mtem iic? m m iHu m
mucusi Ufm-mfnm m f i mfuiuva ^tuflcn Him mtf ftfte? mtm ien i mm fim vs fimn mtcitcn 'utf
u t n vs mu? i??f ??f ??enei IUIFCI mm-miuf mfi- i e i ififlj fien nt ffi fiewvs i^t n itifra mt ien i
u m f ?m i t u uei i tnr%r fiiH?if Hen i HH t n t f i utf tuff^cn fimn Htu ifimn'mt?f mm Hf?
mi-ui*^ ^ ?nen citt H e n i t u i Htu? t n 'S?n itfi vs fifii fiwmfi n H tfitm f???i ?nt ien, i f
mfi-'mmf? ie 1H n w i m t f ? itm mt i e ? i i mitu 'mtf t n ' 1 - i t f i m t i - f f mti-fif mu m ? f fm mfm

ên mm u f i i (u), "mmfpti
t n mf (u), ien mf?m ief? ffim? i t f tmtci? i i t u ^ m
t n "mvsm I
mtf mfti (u), mtf înms (u), 'mtn t n RUI^" (u) Seî ifiuen I mm wu-ffi mHi cmi ^ Sfifi i?
ifii- t n (u) m t . f ' m n - i a i ? ie fH cut u?wi i t I fH fo ^fien mfiitf fien nt m-if?u va ufiim?
I
mtitf? I f l iftuficn n i muen meiei? f i i t ite >nT UtH It <pwi I

? f ^ (m)-n m f i f l l i%nen-1 mrniwen f i i i m srî#f 8 ( i ) 'mt?f'i-itf?T mil-Uitf, fWf "1-
i f ? u e n n i immm? c m m i t u t u e n i f u f UvsuH?, t m utUf'1-U'mtHi mti- i i I t , i i , f. iAff,
(?) 'mif t n * i - u f f i ^ffe ?en c?, t i u ' ^ (?) ite 'Smfiut, iranmti iSi.8' i (iifiJiii) f
? f ^ Itfci? itUT f i i l t d 1 mi-'mtwrf? mt^ mtf . . lii. C I . Iim.
ie t u e n mtUT m ^ im i i m i ^ H u f i i , fHf^f^' ^mrr*^ t ^ 'sn^^rtw(^-.î ^ J ^ L ^ I ) 8 mtf

^
n r c m m i n uem utf^ i^Hm t n f ^ (?)-n fio?- tntfi, mti-mtf? m i - i t f mm mi-mf? mti-'mtfii

cuum ftm? i # u e n i mtf t n t i ' um-ifft ien, tmu'^ . ltd ififp, ?tsfif??ien i n mr, fiH if%mtf I t u f
t f c n uHuu ifiuei m ifi?ten i

imfv3 f i m mfi i t n ftfte? n i Stm mwifiu imitm itmti
t m
mi-itvsf ?en, ifei? ie?j ifmmen itfiw mwi, f u u ifium ien fH mtei wifiii ien mm i Avo8/br8ti> i
i t e n 'mr?f"i-ufii t i i m f f=ii?ii'<, t n f ^ t n mtf Uf?-n 1 1 ^ itu fitm ii? Hue? Ao?n?mf?ifi f ^
u f i i , 'mtHi mfm-mtivs?ti vs uû u ' ^ mfi-itm i ien

t n n ? tu? mm irmitiei n u i I vflt if?ei
t u mf mtif,
t n t n u u t , u'f? m f (Avbo/b-'8-Aife/b-S)A) nftfen
t m n t cituei "mti? I i i
itmu, mtf itfi i f l mftme? tm i i n f i f i u e n t?fi-m?i it iftt? isilf m?fie f?tmtei?

i (g.)-'ii?
t n i ' ^ f i (?)-n mifi i f u e n leu 'u,

i t i f i i i t U t v s i ? f i ? 2 i f i f 2 h ? i Sti ^^tR?tcvov3 i f % i f i
fiîsn i n t*mi'*fi
f i m mii-it^f, f i m 'S?t?u, mtf Suu, u f i

t n fum wn Iitn t n tH? mttt (fH fif^me? t n
mm, t n f u n , m u t n u ' ^ mti-itm vs u'm t n tfif ifiiten i m ficn U, Pace Barthold, f .
'Srni-n mm Seaieuu i f ^ ftwf ise, ume? itei boii,

Vasmer, ^f., i 8 b ' ) - n
N u m . Zeitschr-vfl, ifevoo
\ i n i i ien i mfn Uvsumen mramimf cimen fi?i:w ^w ien nt

iiD s futrni (i) mm, mt--t?fiifm-fnr, f m mfiiff t Uf?
t n
fum fiuew ^ m tm cm
tn ifevbbr/ivsbrb-, v b i , v o 8 8 ; (A) m i - i t u f , mfi?tf 1 - iH?ificn)-n imi ?wm uen i mesfvs
limwûuntm io<\'b/iii>(tb,
(ufiJit!) i(M, I f f ? Ais>/b-Si>A
i i , io-s; tifnti ifiei t m ' ^ n i tn ITCI
(VO) t n Hmm, f i m f ' i - f i i t , u m t m ( i i f i J i t j ) uHiH f i f S F n fUm uw^tf ftusfi

i m f i m i f ^
ivos>Vii'^, 8 i , i>i>, A o ; ( 8 ) mwm rni-'mnnif, ^#?rtfien nt tU v^t ?ten i i i i ifltunt f ^ i f i H

t n
t m f f i i t e m
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Contents
tTOTM t??ttN wH-wmtf
'WR4t# "l^TO f t f f tTOO^ R i l l f ^ W - t I t A A f t A S T O ftft RtftT t ^ R t ^ ; (o) Bartliold, Turkestan^ AAA-'b;

^ est (Stepps) WSPCR M R (Talas) W T # 4 W t f ^ - i i l A (8) R. N. Frye, Bukhara, the medieval
A5-t?rH ftftCTA ftAt:^ m^ wftro t f t r o i A i toa; achievement, Norman, Okla., i^ba obr-8 i
lilt W f t T O TAtO TOttrf, t A^t 4 f A A T f t i 3 R lilA? C. E . Bosworth ( E . I.^ / f A S W t f tCA?
t=TtCTA S f T O ftwtft A R f t c i f A i f t ^ f t ^ M f t c ^ T A I tAf t ^ R t ' t s T t ^ ^ ^ ^ n f t ^ n ^ _ r i f # .
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w t f tf%t? G ' S f t t C ? ? ? t f t l f k t ? WT[tT f f t t C ? ? TOT 'Wtft? t?? f AfSA, f R t t r o Wt-t?ff, ^ R t t R Wt--!?^,
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R f s f t f t ^ t i f f t f k t ? tetr Scitc?ttj ? ? ? f t A ? TO? t f t R t # A , R f T O , 'WtvSf, W t ^ W t ^ - f t f ? t ffiffCt?t?4^
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W t ^ t (ASii/ti>o8) S f f t A TORTO^S ^ tr^RT ? t f t l T O tAt f t ? ?CR?, tft fICR? R w l C t l t T stfRAi f A l f ^ A I tAt
W^CR R l R t f W T f t t T ft^ ? T ^ A T C T O I lAt1%StC?? f f t R t A f tAtC4 ^tttt-iiR St? SftTOT tte? I RfARf t f T Rf^
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ft i?tft^tc?? ft^cAt lii^ft .wt^tr5t4 wftro CSRt ATRTR tAt RtRTtT ? C 5 t R , WtR?f tAt 'SRRTt-C4 f 5 f t??
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TO ?ttfft R T t t f w f t ^ t C ? ? W ^ ^ A t t t f t R I W A t T t C ? A T T O - i i R AWfRCR S t f ^ ftRtt I t ? tft lil^ft A l f ^ t%fBt
RttRtft TOtCt? ff^trc?? f C t t t R T % R ? Swtfwtfttt t^t ?'ftf 4f?C=1? I lilt ?ittfe? t? "tAfe?5 ?Rf A t R CT,
l i l t s i R ? St? ? 5 f ^ ? W R ? t t f c W R ? < ^ ? t t | C R ? I A S * / S o H W?Tl?TfATf%^ Cr lilt ATftA'W?T?iet ? t R ? t e ^ I t f t t w ^ t R f
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t f A t C R a t t t ^ A t t t W t C ^TO?TAtA R t c ?^ Stttt?^ t A R stft ftft o C T t R13I ? s f t 3 R ?f I W R ii|?s ?Tf%5 ?t5l5T, t??
at#I ?tA?ltC^ I 'TAtS t ? W ? AtAt R i t f t f t t t ettt? Atsl%1'l; 'SRIATT CT A t f ^ f t W T t T O ?t?Tt ?CR? ? l t I l i l t T O ftft
TAtAT t f t f t C t ? ' s t f t f ? t ^TO^f ^ W f ? t C t ?TOT t T O Stl?t tAR SJC?t ^ R c t ' l liR? Wftrot ? t R C 5 t ? , t f T 'SRt?Tt
tt?Rt ?5f??tC^ I 1Ars RRTf? l i l t ? ^ f t T T O t t t T T O ?tR?t ?tAf ? t R ? T e ^ tAtt R t ^ I t r o W T A T O TAfC?5 Rc<jltTR
Staf^ A ? ( f . Schroe-der, Survey of Persian art-ifl,
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ft^ t f t f ^ w e t t t Ggt? w t ? f t C 4 R fAif^nA t i t ^ I
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Contents
t>iiji'*fi t f f ' S i m
f5T?Rt i-fu i m , m? ^ uêi irr< itfiw--iTfi' ftun Siui mf tiuti; ufif muen nwi Hfit itifi 1
wtfi I fmr itcn t n 'Smm, ''m^-mfii-, Hfi A o o / i r i ( 2 - l t d int? wnill mn, .iit ftnt itfi-itH
itffi t n "Pt?t' Sun 1 mr-m^n t n ftHi m , n nt i??fiiei untn ftfmn m t i ie?i 1 fim ii?i
.imn mt i fit? fitfim mtfiif fifmi'nci n tntei? f i i B fimm itt ffi mf^, f i f i iff Hn
iwfin .iii35it?fflen n fit? fuffm ?fiirfiim,
I fieu^ mmu 'itfiien fii^ Hmm ien s f i r m t n
tni'Sfi t n 'Sim uf^^mi 11? nun t ^ cti i?u 1 'mUiwti m-itfuf, firam t n itn iti-ûfi^,
t n 'Sim-? .itift sf?ti t?fiij i t i n, Itfi' ?<iT? f ^
itsitw t n fiiiti m-itiuf, fitm t n f m m m -
cm f l iHci I t I f f I iii-fifwitf ?cn, t n
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ut ut, irm cm f i itift n ut i m m t n u ' ^ fn 1 SffU-fii^ ( < a i j I Jjî) fiut?>8 fmleitftiH
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uâm U I ifiuficii t n l - i t ^ ^nu f m iitu if?c
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t n U l f mu-? IC f f i S? Itm i c m cgi? ficn i itauftHu-fnrsi t m f i t m u t i f ' i - i m t i - n

1 i m i c n
ffi iHei, nfi mt? cm fiif^ci im Sn mtu fie?tf?mif??t>afHfiuuif ? 5 U i c ? i i f f i f i - H ' ^ 1
cit u m'u, t n m f ^ fin tn'i-'ûimii nueiâ Wrijb-hs Itei tiHiti i e n 1
u u?f"^-ufn? men cmei ffi uiuen n f fifi?

1
i f i f f 8 ( i ) 'm^tn fmm m - m t f , m-itii-
ituflcn I f i f im ut? nwi ^muiei? .iit n f ? n f f i f nt?nH'i-SfliTfi, m e u ife8H (., i i , i>bA;
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ieu nfi ffi .itt m tûf fien i m - f ?m . .it. CI. n. ntf? I t f
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utiita,
iti I nwi fieii^ t m ftun fH f ut ficn \ irfiiei?

ifif 8( i )tn m - i t i m f , mffi- utuu ItHmen fiit f%H fif^ fim fimt ien 1
inf?, umtm (ufiû!) i o A * ft., i i , A'lct-v; (A) t n uuirei fiim^ i?jn mn m i wtUf"i-fi m-imf?
f t?u, m-u'itf?i, m f ih<\-b/io>,b, f . A A i ; (o) m - ?iei 1 tUf"i-fiu ' n f t n w m mr-umf m-ituf?
?tUf, t l f i U f ' 1 - l W l W , 't??i H., i i , . A A - o ;
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ife'lff/i'afect, i i , bd-b; (<t) fUtmi t n u ' l , 11- ficnmn tn*? f?r?f? mei m n ?5e?i <\oo/iooo itei 1
lUnf'l-f?U, t??i ife-bV/iOb-tr, ibl, O-bA; (b) flf?'l-fl fH ?neu m ?se?i nt lUit .iituc?t ifuft f n
t n ifu^ m-mirf, miffu-iim' ^sum-fit, fii?, imt m m 'si^ff fim itu m fli mm i m
I
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f ? t f , mH'ii'i-fi it?i t n itf? fientn Seîeuu 1
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t n t m " ^ t n u m t n u?i i m - m f ^m-^îf,
t m f fimem
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Contents
tm%t t n
8 so tnt%t t n ' ^ p ^
imi tnt%r 'i3A/iAA'!3 m m mint si8/ii8 ific n m n n t m f uH n n fUm ituuff

mnmfein n n n tifntm men i t=#nm ^ n n fm i^tuen i t m i ^ S n mn mmi mm m n i
tim "fHfem met i fe/ioo mm fH mtitfen .rfmi fi^t w i citen
a t flift ? ( i ) fnmm t n mnmm mm--mif, mH-tim mmu u ien n t imftf-i ie fSi .ît ne?it Ui^fcn
f mifim i m intrn; (A) wiufm-fi mim-fff, i m ^ ' i - cim tnrn i i i icn i iten mm fnmc? tiu'ên
îtimt fi-minti Hf m nfi-ntni; () c m , fiitf " i - I f n i C B t f u i i?r; fH ifUfi nffie mum i i t fcn
S-'n f 1<l<MHm-fit; ( 8 ) mti-UH'^, lii'mlf"i-Hmm; n t ciuei fH m twi c i t c i n n n mm m uff'S'i-
(<t) mtf"1-1 mi firm 'mtifm-nHT mti-mmlft, miimm u uffSm-mtfi? feff/fen?-mfUft i o o 8 - ( j - u
maitt^m-itfnjt, fin i\sA8 f t . , % sb-s'i I wtfUf-cwuff i o o f f mm f i i n i 'm^fi ie itu ^
. <ii. C I . n . mit'gi m t f f t m iite? tnt*^ tm ifimn icu imteim iftm
flcn ntfitmfm'^nifiinnmiimiftHjeiîifeii
mti-mtf m-itiff, fiien mm umtit inrf i m i t mcti
mfi, S f i i i ^ i n n H i I w t e n Hit tim î^m-ffi ifiif i (i) 'Sff-iTUf, ii, oio-Sb; ( A ) U l f f f ,
I t e i ififp I f H f i f 1 mmfij t n t f fin mun uen imt. Itfwi, 4>-(j-; () 'mt^f, fm'm-mt^m, imt. iîi.
m i m u m - f i 'Sîm t n fi'^tm m - m f f , m i u f f , Cim i / i f e f f 8 , 1 - 8 ; ( 8 ) Barthold,
mtf"i-fi m-mrpff m i m f i - f i m f i t n mim- Turkestan^ f. l-isfe-*); (a) itfwi. Sultan Mahmud
nfiiB I tif'1-mttf fimuenmim-itHfimei I of Ghazna, 8 i
f H mcu nen mti-imHut lamim m t i ufiei i f m C . E . Bosworth (E.l.^) / f . mff mtm m
fiumm UtH fiu i i fimft iîtun mtfiu f m fiit t^pT'^ t ^ (jA.c>i J ^ u ^ i ) 8 mtjm-itfi
fiH^ Hum fim i l l iHw r tm mren meieit fifit flcn H<Mlf1 ifm mi-f'tfii ( f . ) - n SfHi fH
mnfii HTTICI ut n I A o / b - 8 8 - ( j - I t e i witiii ien i itm miu cieUieBfim
t m T f m - f i mH ^fien mfimft fieii, i u i Iteitei itci^ fH fiewei urn itnm cuen mî ifiu
I H T mfn ifei i im m ^ t t uei iHi it i ItH i f u : i m^m-itî uwfi nwi i f n n t i f m
1
m-mufi^'i-ffimjf f mumH'i-ititfiut iefst cin U I C % t (Royal Domains)-n ff'QUen itficf l U f i

m i 'mtif'i-mifii mi-fu f ien, "mtH nfn mm flcn I uwiffiH (Rgent) m-fÛfmu' A'!3<?/b-'=ib- uei
itisei fnti I fH im m:T(i i i fimm itu mitei fltei Sf? iei fieui if?ci ?fsîfi m m m tm m m
iHuen I fH cm ^ f cifiei mm cmen mteitiUim mt let I m u m^fien icut firci iiH if?TTi if?e i? i
ift ^ I fH i H n n f m ien m m ifti fiei e? ?nen cicit fH fnm tm mt mmfî i f i i
ne, m tm < j f * i it u I fH mM fii, n i m i u*^ t n u i m (f.) ?twiffifi? u f ^ i i f n ftm?
^ fumuf^flenr' fieufw flcn, f i i t f U ' ^ c ^ i ffim i f n i f ? e i
tm m ifujen-ieu futfnt f SfH'i-fifi ^ n t nua! i<\ij)r\r(t-'b m i l ^ct fH Sfte?? if w s t
m"-iiutf Seîeuu i fH imeu iici t- ifuum-mtfiu, u n if?c nf n i i t i f i i m n i i c n uHf u ufiei
ife/ib- mtei tifitm ien i fH i i m iHmu ificn nt?tcwj? fif^ i n f fieuen
i f i ^ 8 ( i ) 'mt^'i-itfii mti-f-uf, mti-wtnt- uficf fieufw flcn i iit nc?t fH m'm-^f?t miiei
Hu'1-fHut, imntm (uf^nm), i i , i 8 f e ; (A) t n ^^mrm ? ^ m i f i i Ufief Heui ien i "ît mfie1? f unten
m-'mtiititff, m-^^m-itfiu, i i , obb; () mti^m- m m tm ufUi itm S^ ne? fH c? n ufHm
itHr m-mtiuf, m-irsut^m-ufiut, fin i i 8 H, if?e?fi flcn, citjH fnfim if?ernmrtitei u m i
'J. sb; ( 8 ) '^H^gti f i t i t m-uu^, m T - i i i ' i - ' g f m , if??ifli I fH m-f^sUfitu-n f c n fiue, Smfiitft
imeu i f e 8 < ) f , A i , i 811 m-f'tHi-n i 3 F m i f f i n i im fim m - f mHm
. lii. C I . n . m i t f ? mtf fffen fiiew mfm ci?ei fi? ifiuficn i t n i ' * f i
^ > i i i i ' S j F | ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ j ^ L ^ i ) 8mt|tntfi fiew iiei tm mfiffHc n t ie? uwiffifi? U f f m
m-ffUHi, t t i mwtHu fuiten mtft uwiten c n n? i?it?f?en n m ite fitei fm iutu ufie C 5 f
uf^ I b-fe/fefefe mei m ituuf tHi m Uf i iNlftcn ifiuficn I mtm A<)b-/ci t-fei uei cieitem f f i ? n
mrmft fitu m ien, tiU'*f=i ifnten mutu mrci m - f "mHi uwifHfi? ufif itu mH if? tfU%rci
Sisfcnf-iii f i i N i i i u 1 ? I e i f%H u ^ u u n - i a iitn oi?m? i c ? i I t m f i i f i i ie?t i f m i e i ? f ^ ,
tntf Hmem
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tttt%t^tAWi 8 Si
t w ? art R?l? a w ? mx R3? tAt? cft^t ? ? t ? % ? t f lilt? t f t f t ? RtRt RtC RRf A t I fft tAt? S c ^ liWf^
?r?tK?? W?T f l A t W ^fj??et 4t?C AS I ^ f f ? t ? M t TOI? I Rt?<3?t%t? afft t ^ w a f ? t t J f t t
sr^f^t 5(i) D. Sowrdel, Vizirat, f ? ? ^ ; ( A ) S. tr^t R C ^ ftft t ? ? f t 4 t C R WtR-'QAtftt t A t ttftt' (iA*/<l8ia)
Boustany, tA5'?-?ift, ???i, i*<i-'i>'i> i tf3 TOl?5WR SRlAJt t f t f t 'Q ?tWfC3J? aft^Rf ?sf??t ?sf?f
D. Sourdel (E.I.^)/ fA? ^ ? M f TOI? 1 f?stf"R-Wfttftst f ? A ? t WfRtC? t t t t * ^ t f ?
?tRf?-iir?t ?t?J atr^ f t f f ^ ^ ?Tnmif f f ? t C t t t AtA I f^^

tAte ^ f f ? t , Ctt?stttf (fACtt fAtA t t f A t A t t "S
G Stif? t ? t 5 ^ , ftr5nA? ?tA ?T4tf??Tf wm-f ?Tf,
f?t?l?-iil? tIAtR W ^ ^ AtttCA,
^pTot? tAC? W l A t ?t:??TO?i i R l f f f ^ rni ( W t f f - f T ^ A
'S?is?f t f ^ iif4 fC3I?)-'Q ?s?t
Ctftsft t c ? R f t ftttc? tf?C?fo A A I AtAt A S f , W?t??Ct?

? ^ ' A - f ? - g f s l f )-'il? ^ ? R ? Rift t t f t A ? I ftf? ff?rA
'Sttt? '^TOACtA CAS a j f t t ^ ? # ? t ? W t T ifliff^ f t t wftaff?
v3 SfR-t ff?s-A-'il fACt? ^s,Rf% Rl ?SC?R liR? f?ftt f f f f
TAt? f f ? t ? R ? t C t R t W T 4 f f ? t A f ^ ?fR?t RC? A S I lilff^
fARiCA tf?f& A ? ITO1?f ^ 1 ? fft 1AJ? AttftM A ?
CStC?s gtf?5.tRRfft WtAAXR? RAWt ft^-?5?Tt # f ? Caftfst
mi t f C A Rl1?fC? 9m Rl? <Pf?C titts? I ffAt? t?fWl?
mx W?T'sfRC ?sft lAt? f?CW? ???ttfWtCT? f ? A ? t
t? t?! RlA^'R-f? Alfft lAt? A.tlftft'* A ? tSRAR!? WtAAl?
?5?f?
I
f t S t C ^ I ^ f f WtTA, fft W t f t - C f A t t t t f ? 'Wt?ft'R-
Oji^Jj^) W f a t Scat WtC5 ff? <l{9*/iOfeARC?t?f4lR I
A f f f f - i i l ? R f C t RtACt? Rft lilt? l i l f f t ?sf?t W T ^ f C ? R
?SC?? 1
AI Atc fft t f t f t ? a f t l R f R T t f t t t tAt? f?CW? fttTt
st"^f#t 8 ( i ) 'WiRf'R-AtfAT W1R-Rt?s?lff, fAAl^'R f ? f ? R C t ? cfl??tttT ?ef?T f C ? R I lift ^NiCI? iSi?T tAtCf f f
trsAtf?, A? R?, At???lAlA ioWii9'l>'l, At, i i I
Ct1tT4 tf?fA W A ? t ? f f C ? f?C^tf?f t t f t arm? 4 ? t A S
TgAltAfRT
lilt? tc? lAtCf fAWtC? ftAtfR ?s?t A ? I lift ATtttC? t t t t M
t f f f ^ ^ ^ - f ^ W f t (jj.lj. .1 > ...I t f ^ ?T?f? Wt?-'lltl*fC4 %%Cff? ( 5 . ) W ? T t ajAR ?Tf^ t t T

( ^ j l > L l l , _ ^ j _ ) 8 ' 5 A l f ^ l 1 A t A S ' R l R W l f t R A l ^ ' I ff? ?Rt ^ I W t t l f f t RC TAt? f a t t A A t f t t lift ATtttC? lAtCf
WPJ-ff I)-? C A l f ^ liR? fft? Wf??tf f t c s R I lAt? W f ? ? t ?sc??, w ? t l TAt? RWC^ tAte Rfai AtR^f^ t?f%; ?f5
A t f ^ ' A'ftrn 4 t ? ? s t ? 3Ff^ Rf?Rf5 ^ C R R f ^ ft5lC? AtsICA I tAt? ft f A N I * ! "3 f R T tTAfâtt' RtCt tf?f5 ^
tAtC4 f ? t ^ caf? ?s?t A? 1 C4A C?5A TAlC4 ? t f f ^ 4 f t fICR? (g. f R T tTAt^GSl) I
c g f ? W ^ f ?fR?t srS?T ?>Qi)lCAH I tAt? ? f % A t f ^ ' t R t R af^tft 8 ( i ) t f ? f t ? ? t , f^*?, O'b'Js-ffftS.; ( A ) t f ?
fttflf t t f f -sitf-'Wtf5IR-t?tR (jl. 1,11 JI_jiJil J i ^ ) atC^ Rtatt WtR-^^pftft, f ^8<t-b; ( o ) W t t l f t , 8 t , iife-A'l.Î?;
TO^tTOWtf t1^,f?fAfttf?RtSft-ff?t?R^R?4ft . R?, 8 t , SoSs-A-b; ( 8 ) A t t R t f t , f^ttftf, i t , i 8 8 (MSC<lt R l ,
AtstC^ I ftft ASft/b-ftS RtC^T t?f4tRTO?I i t , A S i ) ; (a) lAt, ^ R t t t , W t R - W t t l f R W t f t f t , 1. i'\b;
arttdt 8(i) t f ? AtSrt? WtR-'WtRflRtf, tffff*- (b) Goldziher, Muh. stud., i t , i-bo; ( s ) Receher,
lASft, ' S ? W , i^HQ ^ . i t . , <l*; ( A ) t f ? RfR, Wt- Abriss, i t , )>\fb-\r ; (b-) Nallino, Letteratura. f . i o s -
1 ? t 4 t g ' R - f f ? t , f??i t. ft., -bt. 8 i A ; (o) W t A - A l A t f , 8o ( f s f f t w f . % A i 8 - * ) ; (fe) Brockelmann, t f ? . i , 1.
t?f4?r5'R-^-fftW, At?t?t?tfT, A t . , * 8 i ; ( 8 ) t f ? ^4tft?, >>(t 1
WtR-f?iit?tt 'a?t'?-f?At?t, ???i iS.<l<l i o t . , 'SSb I Ch. Pellat ( E . f ) f s w t f t W t R t t ? t H

fRSt^ W t f t t ^ * ^ TrKUT (^J-^SCH J r ^ ^ L ^ I ) s t f ?
tttf^ t ^ f t f ? t ? wr-Tfft W H - f t S t f t WlR-?lft, ttft't
Jl)8 R M ? ?sft I fft SRtAJt A?Ct? tC?? (ioV^fto) RtfAte?? WfRtC? t A t C t ? iil?sWR aJtTT f t # t A , f t f t f T f f t
?5C?4 A 5 R ? f ! l R w f t f ^ AACR t ? f t 4 t R ?SC?? I fft W ^ t 4 R t W f " t - f f t f t ? t f t StlftC R t f t f t ^ S I ^î^pit (Stttt) Wtf
WtAtSAtSWtf ? f f t ?lR?A l i R ^ f A t A R Cttcat? t?R t f ? f ? ? t ? t A S t f t I ft?rt-iil? W S f AtR RtC? W t l , liltWtJ f t f t t "WfR-
'S^m At3Rt (fA?l) f % R ? I 4f5t WtCA, tAI? f ^ ft?tA-SsRC?? ?tft' I f ^ t t t t SlAAt-? f t f S f f f A ? ^ ^ tTSt f f't-fft
tt?J W t ? t ?nC'f5 f?3Rl <1I5CH ?fR?t fft lilt RWf6?s WH-f^'Wt?''R-?tft ( ^ L - ^ I J * O-iilAftf& t f f t ?
RTC? wffA Atc? I f 4 ^ lift ?TttTt R W t ? Rft ( ? W H l WtTACt? t? W t l t t T Wteîet? ftf&f?fg f?t? WtTTR ?SC?R I
?s?t Sf5 I tAl? RftAlA W?^1?4tCR fft f?I?ftC?? RR<C4 liffw? f ? ^ 'Wtft? ftftcA tnft RTC? t ? w g A t e t t ftf?
tftt A t , f 4 ^ 'SA3At t A ^ ' A - f A t t ? (5.)-iiI? tft tAt? afctCtA^Ttft t C t f t f i P i ^ l uR5?t? atlA-J} RTCR? W?T tArCf
R^ft" Rtc4? 4r?ct ' w t ? f a t A t f f ' A - f ? t ? ? - i i i ? tc?? lift t t T ^te W?TtAft C?^3?t A S , t e ? WtAt? lift t c t AAtR f ? t
<lo/'bS.A) t ? tAt? R f t ftft 'Wt?f'R-RtfR4-'il? R??tC? ?tR AAI .
ttRtft ftttCfT?
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Contents
t n m ? f t i ^ r ^ i t n
iim nntmr, mm, itftnew Hfi-Hm mm if^ fime Sift I O c?n fit m itcim. mm i H f i
m Hf, uftH mm Hfim nt ^'mi 1 ? e? f 1 ? - ^ ff itc?" (-; -^1 tj I fJ^
2tm ^ 2 t H m
m sfm fsi-it v9 HlHl mtmm m i m nm f m t? CJJJL^ cjlkAi (jlJ jJ I iimT?fm fH H <i_Li <L-Li)
f m Hi I (mt im?r mfif m'^mn ^ imse.nm ^ l i i n liiiH 'tfi fim if?e? iH fH titc Hmc i f ^
mtm fH Kicn m msm in nt Htmtm i r n m n Sif 1^3 c? fu ?5f?e?, mm iH Site f i i? e? m
fitfmmtw i^fnfm cmi icn i mn-Hn fHmu? wmmiteim ?mi-fmf fwmmificim, Su CIH t n ?
f m mm tn ^ mft^m? ifln itm m i .fin .în ificn, Sm fifiitm i n ite fH t m itfi'^ t m
fmfnHfifms fcn cilmmt fT itci fH fifiim f5c^ tmi itH*^ fiit fifiitm mmmm ? m n nt tm
mummmmim, cmif^Hiims w i H n i t t i f n mfntfi ien I I t m ?
f%H cicn i ^ ItiH mffi mfic int meet flcm fiflite^ i f ? ' m me? n mti-fitf mmtim i f
' m i l mtimzf% icm m^fH im? mr fH ,n Itfien 1 mm fiemfw iten i fin itft-e t m , fifim fmitcn
nm fmen miiiicim icm m fiemen fH itci ?1 fimf fiit mmn ien i tm mntm f m f i f i m
fH fim fmtmr ^ fff% ftien Scuti Jii iHci .îiii mscn icm t n t m m , mitlimt mtm-mtf, t n ^mt, t n
Sstiff fifm mm f m finrw fi^-a itit ^ i tite mf iifi ^ mtiitft t?ciitci Sesicmu i
f m mHii f ^^m mfim ifci fH ntt miten fitfim liititei mtf wtmi? mtim f n m m'-titf t m t n
ien I tm v ^ fm men icit S? i e ^ icm mtf% (^. oAi/feo)-niH tmi mti-fm% m^wm? mtmH
iffS n I willcien mtei fH flcn fieifimi i Segi im mte ite? i titf f m itfi tim fitf? fiit
ffi -jj-bA/iA^^ mtei mtHi nt 1<^^J/io<^<^ mtei tiHiti mii?iitd tim mf itfm (?)-? f i i i ^ lf?me? mim
icn I f f i f m lilt fti fici CICI mfim'ifM,wifin? i f i m n t liitwiT 1 1 m m? if?ci i tite t m fmf
mi, fim fim? ^ i f mm mfmfi ien i m n ^ i t n iiti ifim ?Hmficn, .^^j ^^j^v <1JI J fi?f%5 , 7 ,
iiij fitci fien'im if?ei i f m ? f 5 ifmf? icm "miftn m , emit f i ^ itc? m r tite i i ' T f nsf jf m
fiiiiits mti-itmt5?-?m!fi?Tt it?t f m fiit itc f i f ^ itm Itmf f i f i mirm

Sffm-fiiri-iii imi fimm t^Hm-iifw?; (j-j j. fffci m^fic?ti icn i nmf itd. titf fii'ifttm
nwi tmnci f f H it ifid fH ?fiei, "mm mm
J ' A) nt ititiittar mti-ftmmt?
i _ i ^ L ^ i
liin #H Itfid f m lien wm itiirm tie it i"
Scsiemu I
( j . ^ - ^ i l )
tmi fitf f i f i t e ^ tmi itH*^ (?)-? mifii, tm
i f i f s (i) t m mti-itmf, mntf m-?tm, mitcn tmim mfif itci i i icijf fH H ^ cmi
t n ' i
m, iv-o; (\) mw.'1-fi mti-fff, nfiif*i- ?s%n I liitwiT cn cn fitei l i i i w i mfi fwrnfii m
itfit?Jil'i-fnt, î, 'mt?fm f^Tm mti- ?sen I fH Sffm-fiim^^ if? ^rnm^ fien w f t i
tro; (o) i
mtmf, mti-itii-ffi f mmiHm-SfiiTfffi, it?em ieu[? fmtm tm ? c i t w m ifin mm tmi m i
ifeS') f , Al, i<Sj1 I itH*^ (?) tm mmci mm, "m-fmf mrm mitcn
. lit. CI. n.mtn'it^ citm i m i ( j _ ^ j _ o j-û,), i?mici \ s c i d imf
^>IWl'f1 ->j J ^ l stn ifie ite?. i" fimcn i m Htm itmf if?if i t f ?tm
^ ^ T T t ^ T T t C ^ j o..ul)
tim*^ Itn
t n mi-fitf mi-fimft, Snm t n fm?m m - m f fifmite^ t m m-fitf? ^mst
t n t n t i '
mtf mtm-n ifiw

t i m f t i , custifo imei i3mme? ifimt ite? Sew^ i i f mteien n
f i m m ? f i m f m
fifm mti-fmft i t m itfi'^ (?)-? nwi mntm mifii m f e i n i w f i e i , m-f?if? mfi 'miio mcitnt il?c
^ f m mnten tijm? m i fiiiit^ fiie? i i icf? . mn I HH m-fitfei mrcitnt iiei mn, "iffi itfei
icim I fH iiff/ifei l t d file? w ' i ^ i icn itifii mf?' It ite if i??) itm ism c ? n i ( t m f i i f i i
fim lie? nfH tiiitmmmiisen is>s>/b-i8 Segi mrci, gii mti mm imi mtei i nt?ft? itm
m f t i ^ i
ltd tmi itH*^ (?) fin m m iHci t m fimf i n imfi Itfici miH Itm i m ^ itfci? S n citf
if?m f i mmei icmfieii icn i .ît mmci n H #5^^ itmu cn ?" m-fitf Svge? mn, "Sum m^fitcn
i i m
m&m ?'fit im 1 ? I liiim t f i itm imfi cut i^tii 1 cmi ien m ci, wtfif fci mtfm' itm
m i - f m f
file? t m i t H % ifci mtcitnt if?ei t m mten titci fn, ic? n m im 1 ? nt Itltl i ? t imei îim i f f ^
t i l m m i f i m if?m fi^m^ unci? imii i itmei I mf? m?ti I'om iîfy nfr^-? fô'^'oi^ tm
ffi ?cn, 'mn ! t i t (Itltl) liin n H fiijt ?H fH tite m^ imi i" I t f mm? fm i ^ t Sê? mem? imi ?>c) m - f i m m ifim cwmfc? mfiit ftftmci m t i ien i fim mmi'
(j ( A ) 1ti-wtfi'Sl-lt% ( j ^ f ( ^ L J l ) ; (o) T T t f i f f i - f i f i c n mîitmcn i t f , m i fiitfl-^ten
m-wifi'S'i-mt'ft? ( j ( 8 ) m-mî
J ^ j_oLî);
ciftfta I m i I t f mmmi cim, ffwm m s i i f ^ ifntf
f i c n I f f i itf "mt m f f i mm f i i i i ' m mmi f i
(e)mi-mntfm-fffim(5,^^L:uII
I t f f i i t e n f i i t Hmt men i i f i ili f - f mn
( j ^ ^ l ) ; jLLuJ.1);
i
i'b) i t - m ^ f i U - t n I); ( 1 ) iti- m i mimi

( j x L J I ^jJ. jjiJ
mti-Hntf? f i i t fH ifit
t n t i ^ i D i
nntti' (tpLijJI); (V) fimi'i-'mifn' (,,,1 ,,- ,<: vs mliite? f m i l l icn 1

^jLjîî); (fe) fim fimtfm-ttfiH (lî-i^ m i mtf f ? t m % n Htm m ficwt i i i icn i
.^.1 -. <
j-M=jii I), t m iffi'^ (?)-? fmmm-S^ icf? imtciî mtif m t n i mt m i t1^t'f1c<^ i f c i i c i fim i t e n
i
t m i M - f U f 'if mw m f f f u s f n t m # n Semci m m i mtf fie-fieitmmi Siemf ^t^^ fsi i i n

u m f i m , ifn-im iim-m] fiim i f ufwra icn I i n flwlt? i m s m i f ^ ' i - ' n m f , ' m i ? f i m i i ? i
cmicn I t w mem i cim titc m igit: mtm- ( j ^ ) f i m n H f i i t ^ i 'mtaf macn i t i f i i ^^ten
ff% fH n 1 mien fimt fm tm f'm mtm? Iiit lit miwcmm fsiH .itft mii" fi mmci? f n ftitc?
ii-mii n I fH mtm? mten lb fii mfiit Itfic A^8/v<iv Sintcien mig H^me? wiî?m mwi i e ? i -fifift?
mtei time? tifitm ien nt m 'mtn tn'm-'mti' (it) imtf'-ii^^f^' ( j ji">"
m iîi), tn'^-^tfwi-is? 11 t m
iffir fmn itftii m%i mti-mtifmfm-'mifi-n Hut 'mtsif utiui? iiHutm n ? i (j ~ ) f i m n H

fimfim.imi im-mt' t n fii*im.mti-f?tf { ^ ^ \ niimei i m t f itfiu m t n f e i ? nw m mu i
<_5ji ^ 1 ^1 . j i CJ^) tm wtmt im mti-fii^li iie? I t i f " w - ^ f i

M, i
icim n ^ ufm .^tt fmH? iitm
i f
itictiei t m itfi'^ (?)-? mten mîct mti-itmr?m- ifiuen 1

f nt' eit?mei ituei i m nt n i mi tivi'*fi I f Him fiit SifiS^ îtH f e i ?
i f i i t s (5>) t n Itfiim, vsmrmtf m-mtmm, imem mtitcu m?f tu ItHcm icit f e,iH mwi ien i t m f
ife8v i i , ifeib-fe<); ( A ) rf'i-fti f?it, imif'i- mutu fium? fim^s fH fim fiit ien m i f m i n i
^tmt, imem i A 8 ft., i i , \ov; () mtim tn"5i'iit, t m ' ^ m s fim m M cimf ^s <[Hmm mfimf ficn f ^ i
fiiii,m-it'mm, mem i f e i v A I , i e v ; ( 8 ) t n ' ^ - t m , i-b ?n neit i s f i finifen m ? m

f m i ? m ^ i
itmtf'1--mtm, imem, fii^; (e) mii-it'H'i-itimtft, n itct fH fim mei mmficui ien fisf
t m m i
t'ffi, mim, mtem io8fe ft., 8 i , ooo; (b) m-fifiif, b-ife l t d fim f ^ j ? n fH ifd i m mutn fiue?-
mti-mtmm, mem io8<) ft., i i , i o e ; (<)) i t i i m f T ^ t m mutim I t f i f ff%ef? mfi u n i f i c iten w i f i ? i
mti-mm^, mti-itii^ffi f nfiif'i-Sffm5ffm, f i i = i ftitc? im Hfl UtH fn I mutm, itvsu i m
mem ife8<) i i , iab-av i vsu'w-ufite fH ?j f n u n if?ei 1 1 ^ n m

. lit. ci. n. mtt^mtft ^^smm fin ffi fi?fite? mien Scmm m i ificn i m
tiwi'sfi ^ m * ^ ( a ^ s (m) t n i A ?Tf'Si-nf, i b r f e ltd fH w=5mi icn nt f?m,

j ^ L ^ i )
'Sim t n mtft Sim t n 'mtn t n t m ? i o u f ' S l - m - s N s u i vbo l t d m 'î ? m nei fH

rni-'^titft,
I ffi
I t n f t I t f citen cm fien tmi fitff
i t i ^
tifmiicn i
I
tm mfti icf Scf 1 ifntcn ci, t m ' ^ ifi Siimt t n m?i t m ' * f i f ^ Smen ficwt-* Sieiium f ?
mf?im i f i itmci i f m f i c n s i f i f i uum.^ f i g t ,

mfi'm-itf (f.)-n fm mmfii fiit Siff fien i
i f i i t s ( i ) t n I t m 'mntitft, titm, fin i o A v m f i ^ uesj If? m m n i fH Uie?, ufSiitcn i f u^ ^
fl., i i , 8 o , I t . i 8 i ; ( A ) i^ C ^ n , I f i f f f ' - t i f f i , tn
if%: i n vs f ^ I C ? iifme?HmiîHite?ufî
ife<)<f f , i i , < l o , 1 t < f i o I
fmm itn i? 'mfii i - ' i t m itm nt ' i t f i i - t f' u
fimimfff im ' I t f i i e n cgff^ u itm wu .fH fsci ficiime?
'Tfi if?ei I t f i ^ 'itmri u Hut ^s i e ^ iteitcn Sn
t m r n t * ^ t i p T t f i F % * ^ - ' ^
ffi ificn v Q ? ^ iteUi if?ei i fH Uie? % 'rnnfifi
(^^ J ^ L ^ I
jj I) s t n itffi'i-fti t n fiwtfi'i-fti m-iîtft, ' m t f i i u ?mfi f?m ?j% fiitfifi ?^cn um, i t ? c?-'mn
mti-imfm-itff?, tmi mfwti mtf itftit (i)-i itin, " I t f i i ?if^ im^ um I fim ^st Siciitif . I t m ? H m
i t ^ , f i f , fimfli ^ mf I ^ i m mi['i-mmf?i, îtf*i i f t u n ifiu m i c^fmi? f?ei? if*rmf t m ' ^
mi-itffm-fmtft i mm ifimn m i fiwt^'i-fi t m i t l t f l W ' l I

t m f Hitem
t.fi.<tho
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Contents
tttT%I t f ? ffffff? 8^18 tttrf=i t f ^ f - ^ i M
5r^t#t 8 (i) t # f "wmf ^ - ^ 1 % wtR-AiRif, f w ^ f - tS? 'WtAftft t f f f t W t R - R f f C t ? ntRRttCRt tt?t
tt'STrif?, o t , o i - o A , b-s.-s.o, m't?i^'R-?t'wff? wm- t t t f ^ AttTO, ?f?t .fronft? ?tWttft .Wt?-?IW1 tAC??
' S ^ t t M , TO??t?tw.iS.(2-y ( A ) WH-"st1?F'R--Rlfr I f t f t t c t Wfif fACR? I # ? ? C A 5 f t t f ? T O f t c ? R5?tRfCA?
lil. C^. TO. W t t f A W l f . fACatt, RT ^ T f f f 5 R >S W l t C t ? R f ^ stCAtCt flATS f t ^ l[ftR5t
^fft*^ (oj j^Lî)8 ATttft^lA f A f t tt?Rt f C ? ? I A t f ^ , f f f ' A ftRlR-iil fft
'^1?% w r f ? f 5 f % ? ? ^sf^t TO? W l R ^ % ? ? m 4?Tt?
t f t ? ^^tCt? W f w t f fACR? I f f f A-iil l i l f t t t t (WtR-Wtft')
foWt R T O I R f T O ob-'lM't^ S.S.'l RW f ^ f ? f'fJWT ftRtt-lil ^ t t A t t X (fftf'?-?tf5r 'WlRfR-?nttf?ATt
Knr4 ft? ^RtftlRWet CTOtt 4C?RTO?f t T O R 4 R fft5'R-tfSft' A t t S i ^ f t t t f A A I t f?fTOt AC? tR)-"S fft
?tW?5?^tf? f?4^ ^tc Wtftc]? ftf! 5(At ?5C?? I t R t t % f ? M t ?SC?? I
? t f t RAC? fR?AtRC? Wf?fii A t C t ? I tTO CWT^ ^ RtAft ScitT, f t f t ? RRtCW t f f " R - t t R l C t ? fC?t# W f ^ tC^
( g . ) fttR f t t T O R t R t f t t R C 4 ? t ^ Atc "fSIRtCt? Ct?t?I^" C? ACCt? f f l A? ?fC?J WtltA fWlR1? f t R t t (Atft) R t f f S
tACR?, tTO Rft RRC?ftt TOt? cett 4f?CR?TO?IAtC4 t f t f t WtR-Rt'fCt? WttCR f f ^ ?t?Ct ff%itft AACR
t 1 t % tf??C ? t R t WtRt |?lRt? 2tC?Ct? RtR? 4 ^ stttCt? fACtt ^ A ^ f f Attt Sc^ \ ffSft? fttrt WtltAA t t R t t lilt
?sfeR? I f % l t t t f ^ SAt s(lttltt ?sf?CR TOft titf R t C f R T O l t lilft, f f f lilt ftRtt Wtftp lAf!^ t??? 'Qt
W t ^ t ?5C?? I tAt? Rft t t t f t C ^ T ? AtffS'R-WtîSAtR Olrb-/ (l-a-ua) W t A t t A t tTO f t ? ^ lilt R t C f WtAf"R-^^ft^-A
ttf S.S.b- RtCR t 1 ? % Rtci R?tt A t ? t f l R I t t R t % t tAtfW Rft f'lftRt8 R'SlttC?? f t ^ tCCi? f f l A? 1 W t A f "R-^^tA-?
^ ^ tfetCt At?T ^tiR? I ttS! Rt t t R tttl'4tC=1<l ^l'Siig<Mt tc f?WtR WtftA? f ^ ? ^ ( f t f t t ) R t f , f'tftRtC??
f|==f I t I A f ? tAt? Rft W M R t t b ? t ^ S t t f l C ^ I t A t ? W 4 1 R w f t t f ?WR WtatAA f t ?^ It r o WT^ A t f f t (?) tTO
. tc? t t t f ^ R t A ^ W Art. ^4f?TO ??3 ?5C?? Ift?t A t f f f ^ f - W i f T O W?Tt?I sffff^ ftt ?TttTt TO sfRCSf
it?tf^ tr\5 I TAtC4 R ^ < ftt^t Rtf^lTO Scsfct ACR? 8 W t ^ - f ? W H W t l l A S f p ? ^ f t R t t , ftf WiRlrtA t ^ ,
i5?-WtTO tt^tt?t ftC^TR C?ttC? fft # A C ? ? W A f ^ fÂ'sft ftt? Wf?T, tt'[f4-1 .Wti|f'R-f^- R?RttC? lilt RC?
f??ttcA wfrotfA 4c?? I W f t t t t I C? t f ? 'Wt?ft'R-At??-.iil? iil?# ?'*iRt Atc W j f t
t R R t % t mm ^ f t t t f f ? R f S c ^ R t f ? f l C ^ I fft A? C?, f i r f t t t t l ' s f t lilt afCiJt f'tf?Rt t T O R t ^ ft?C? i
Wt?ft 'Q f t a f t tTO R?ft^<TOtC? W C t f f i % 4 t ? ^TOl? # t fft ?fRC?8 f ? W R WtaiAS f t lil?? lilt w!t WtTO ftt "S
ftct? I mm ? t f t ^ f R R T O fACR?TO??Rt
fft t1C?5 f^fttCA? I f t f t t t t f ^ R ? sfffAfCt fStfTOi ft#t^ ftfft
C?, tAt? R ? f % AtW^g^tCR fft f?CW !Rlft-t ?lf*ttt-? W f 4 ? C t
fAt? tA^f-^ttftt ?Ct?8 t A f W t t T O ?jf%5A W f t 5tC
^'Wt?'RTRtC? t t t t f t ?#C? I tte?; f f f W t t T O f f f ? ^ ?tAfA lilt wftt tCA t
St^t# 8 (i) WtR-'Sf, Tft-t t r f f , RtCAt?, f.
f t f t tf*ll'*rt AiV'-A'l RtCR C?t??ftC5=lt t?!ftR f c ? ? i
i i - i i b r ; ( A ) t A f f - W t f t ? , Tomberg, S.t, f. iois-io*;
(o) AttfatAfRt^, t f t t -sfttt, % (8) At^Rt^'R-

tAR W t l t f t t W ^ ; C? fft f t A t A f t T t A tttt Wtf
Rttn (R^R f%CTO CSfR), 8t, <100-i08 I Atfft? (f. i(to/HbH) f f R tC?t W t A t ? Î
f A t r o RtfWR ( t t . t t . t . ) / f A f t t Wt?Rt? S ^ 5r^t# 8 (i)ftftt t t ? f f < [ t t , tti'-Rnfwt,
t=T=lT%r ( J ^ L ^ I ) 8 t ^ R - R t t . G. Flugel, Leipzig 1862; ( A ) f S t 'Wtft W t R - f t f ,

tro wftt A t f t t ( ? ) W t f - f " T O t A ? Vtff W l R - f # t , tttt
1 ? R n f f-At?lff?Tt, f t t ^ ; (o) WR--AtAff, f t t f " R - t l f t l R ;
W t f A l f t t ( ? ) - ? cftstTO?f t f R R f?cTO ,4tflR mm ( 8 ) 'WtllRtS Wt^'R-AtRttf f A t t t t 'Wt?f'R-AtfAf W t R -
ftrt A t f t ^ c ? ^ , t n ^ ^ , t ^ f R - ^ i i i c t ? t r o ? n f t i fft
R l f A t f t , f t ^ t f t ^ ' R - A t f A A J t , RfWtttS C^tR, f t t C A t i O A 8 ft.,
f?5fA atTOI t T O f t t f t f f t f f f t tt?t A t t t C t ? f??fB
8b; (a) lil. C f . lilR. W t t i ? ' W t ^ t t l f "R-tRRtt
WAT?? f C ? ? I t r o W f W t t ( W t ^ A t f t t ) - ' i l ? W?JR t t t f ? t
?fR-tTO W l R - t t ^ f f , TOt i S l r o ^ . A8S., f ? A ^ 1
W t R - A t T O t f t ft?tR-iil? f t f t ^ s fft t f f ' c = T - f ? 5 f : ^ WAT??
f C ? ? I t t t t W t f f f f ( ? ) - i i l ? 9m RtwfRCR fft C t t t T O lil. C f . lilt. W t t f ^ W t f

?#C?, I f f RtW?t? f t ? C t t c ? CtttttC? f?? ttC?R'l t ^ ' ^ ^ ' T - ? r t f t R if^LU I J ^ L ^ I ) 8
A t f t ^ t t C f IAt? tt?tCt? W?7R 'Wtf? t A ? ft?? ( jj), tAt 'wrSfR t?? AtAR t f ? ' ^ t f t fAlttt RIRTO-Wtf
Rtftf t f ? t t ^ ( J j J U ) t ? ? Wtftft-"?( c ^ j ) l?^R?tIf ' 'Wtft W t R - f t f t , aftTt C R t f , A l t f A t f A t , Rt!AfTf
tAl? f t f ^ A t f t i : W?T?? f C A R ; ?ICAr RtA^ t ? ? l t t 5 ^ I R t T O t W t f "Wtf W t R - f t f lilt StttCt Rtf?f
S^TO Wt^t-'WlRfttt -WtAf'R-f'fiR t ? ? 'Wtft Wt?-?tft t M I tTO f f t f ? TOTTO fAC^H S r o i t t f t f t "Wt^f
ScatC?ttT I R t f R f t A ^ TO"S?1C?? Rt^Rt ( f t ^ ) I
ttRtft' ffttCfR
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Contents
tnt%r
ftîen fi?n iestt vs m r fit fci fci fimften um
i'f Hm-mtn (sftfH n H T T ) - n im-t if:i?m i m ifiuei i Uiuei mftntci m - i t f cm
3Li_o) stm mpm i m i m c t 2itfHi Htm i f ?nr ifiuficn fiu inr i?jTim itficui ifiuficn
Itewt n S^ Htm Swri l t d I t n t m iei
vsovs/feict fiu cit 1 ^ cm if^ U irau m U 1 citltei nftntci <
it-sHi c % i i I (iititei ^ n n nfti iHit itf it'm fif^ time? Uf'=f imtf? icim ffis fiim? ftite?
vs
mi-itHf -a iuen H i t itfH i i m ien i vso<t/s>i,q f m UtH fim? It IC? I

mei HH Uim c^n nt vsAW^^t* m iw mi A^S m - i t f uim ite itmtfcn Semeu oiv/hoh mtei
i m lit asks^ Htmeieg uHu iUt Henîen H i t ?v3uu n i.um mtei ooo/hsi irci itifwHm mfafi
mfi', mi%, uti?i vs mu^ l u n ien nt m ?m? fiwiu (Bougie) cfen nt S^ m u'm uen fi
H m Hen miHrn m i ien i c i t m fitHeii H i t fi? mfit ufie itUfcn itwuft f?fU (i^cStm) nfte
mfH' i m i iHufueniH ItfH'HH HHn; iHen Sifr n I uim ^c um n ifiieu ffi cm^ cm^
fUen ^miu I t f um 'mfftti t n utm-HHrnft, I t f iic? iifH ?>c?i miten fini U"GU m u i cmen t?>tfi
fitm u ^ u t n ^ t u i t n mtti, i t f itf'Smfitm Smtt ifm 'it?^*?-mm m-uH? (ooo-mo/hî-hb^)
t n fS'J^, 'it^'i-itHi 'mi^mi -îtm t n 'miH'i-'itfH ntei fiei? i m iiim ien nt m ftfme? tm
m-uiift, t n i % t n itiHrn-itm iti-mHft, i t f irnitci? f?Tift ie?i I mf " I f f m - i t f iifit f ? i
m m t n t n t i m-fi^ji, n f mf 'miHm, m - cmei mtiu vs i f ?m? ifuH ?m i ifm m-uH?
i m i , I t f um t n f ^ t n u'f-i, mf um m ' m vs e,f2i m - i r m ficutntf flcn nt fmt S?t m -
t n fitm m - f i m m, itf u ' ^ m-itm t n 'mf mtfei fim fim -s m uim mi m fcui-fHu i m
m-'ituf t f i 2tm I ien I f ?f U-? Snefe fiut m?-?tiu wrH' iifmi fli
mf 'mf m - i t f fm^, utm, mu^, f nrtu^ mm mtiU vs it1im?n? i m cig i tm ifimti i f
vs ItHm l u n ien Htm^ Hemsien Hits itf um (itueit ? f 5 n 1 tm ifimti i f t tnt' (^^t = 1 -
^tm t n m-m?f m - m f , mf um fitm dictation) iîfic ?fS n i fH n fif flf ?Hu utcn
tnm-itHi m-muft, mf 'mUim ti?ilii t n '?itm nt fifim tit fifi?^ fi i
t n 'mum fiH umeU tiim^miuei iHfS, mf um i Iti-f s tm mitfii ut- i f l ^ - m - U v s i t f i ?
fitm tn'm-uf m-mft, itf Uf? firm t n i m vsu'1-ituf (^î_^vI J JJIJAJ I), I t e i t e i m-imrf mrm
m-ui'f, mf t i i t i tnttti tn'm-f^ t n m^ I lilt ief ?^ v&fitfii mfif, iuium, utni vs
u ^ m - m f , mf'1-imi 'itf t n fmtm t^Hm- ntmuea? fu ^ ifim Sff? nte?i.-ift?tei uit

?ni m-mimi, itf u n fitm t n mHrn-it^m, itf m cm 'm?f i c f u v s u m u i 'm?f i t m iftife
îtm 'mifm t n m'm i mtfmvs'mi - f m c m lilt i f ^^c fi?tf I t i S ^ itmtei ?umcn'Untumfn?
I
fuvsun-n umiueg? mufii i f m - f i m l u n S^ cffe n m i f u u uîf^ss f^ i f m 'm-mtif?

ien I mf m'm m m t n 'mifim t n iiHi t n
vsu'1-ui^x^' jj.xî)ifHif?f ?litmSm?i
f'mntfm fiit l u n ien I t n f mrg iftH. mf
(jjiôiij
Uf? m'm t n f u t n ^^tti f m m - f nnen

f i i t
f l sfiH^ imei liiiH ifUfii i f i lUTu ief? -steu
vs
i<3 fium I ^ i)iun ien, I t f un.-îtm Seiieuu fim H'l-tHi vsu HrnHnt (j j ^ i i ^ ^ L : ^
t n 'miH'1-ufii f m f i i t tf^m l u n icn, m m l^Li:.), fivs'l<[H'f iHfu'1-tfm vsu'i-Un'vsu fiufif
t n m u m-fuf^ m-itfti f m cwitffimi
f i i t
(Lfî^j jîj oL^vi ^ ^ ^Li^), fim m'mff
itfiT m n ien nt 'iff tn'i-itm t n 'mtf vsu m'mff ( c J j i - J i J COJLJI ^t-ji-S), miff'1-tmi
f m fiit iti-^^^ (^Luj>v I ^ ) l u n icn i m - i t f ((ji^vi j:iU^) ntf'itmnifi?tu (c:.ijjjai ^j^) i
ius f m f i w f T i imfim mvs icmm utntu f i ^ I t f - .'mf m-itf? ifcm vs mrnt^ ntfw f ^ t
'itfien m Sfifi ituei i ifH? m m-?rH' ^ r ) j ? f f 5 f i i iîfe fiuf its
Si^S^ mfim ^^c 8f/ioi imfe ^m-fi^tcn fiH^ Itm? f m lilt ief ifH iem? TJI, IU?, fif^ icsf?
uu-ium fim mc? c? H ^ fcui-fHu uiuei fium Suni mufiiiei? ifiii fifi?^ nt ituei i fsift?
fn nt fifg f i i e n f i c i i ^ ufw?? i i ? iue?en n ^ ?ntm 1 ^ ifften .fzt ?en, "itm i?fi fim m-uH'
U 1 U 1 l i f t c? n m f i ^ f i r m mi AtîHi fimUt u m uei ooh/hcto uei i m ifie ir?s ie?i,
fif ii?Tm luru ir?ei fi^mi n ?mit? ?^ itei i
vaaHt^^ctt]
fm fmt U n uv3?t m m-uim mf 'itf m-itf?

I
vs
tntf fiitem
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Contents
8'\b
is?ii n f u ' i - f l i f i Citif^-umi m-iiii'i)-'iti Hen fiu, fius; (8) i t ^ Itfm, I t i f ' w - ^ n ,
o8h ft. itc mt iflsn ifwtnifft? ismtw tif'i-'tm, miuf'1-itm, itieu H., i, iv; (<b)
ffi mifirati imi I fiffiif nt^ ^^ci ffi w Sm m-ufit, fi?'mf'i-fwm,.m?ium it., A I , fi-fe ; (i)
it^fifi fifie* sji ifiit vse(?/c'ii* ittm if^^siti itci Sm Uf , f'wt^'i-Smt', fiut; ( V ) w t l t f ' l - f l m-Hi^,
ifii imr nt^ i m i -msn ffi ^ît mit n j f itif t i m ? - i m , imr. f. m^m-irfi timfi, it?cm iêo
i C f l i" " t., ii, A o 8 - f e ; (fe) t n uf&mi, vsuititf'i-m'mri, mr.
iti-itfi iitmtit ififii Iitm t?f"^"^fm
I t f m ? f . ffH'i-fi 'm?^'i-itfi, m?cm i f e 8 b - ( . , ii, ôs-b;
iti-fmf iti-itmtf% i-fitit: Iti-itf i t f ^ iHm (10) mttff, f f i ' i - f i m (uui? mfifim'); m g.s
itiififi nt^ ifim irit tifiii ic?i nt ira tm (11) m'fi'Sifutm-mmgi, u n v - ^ I
mnr itw f< mt i? i Sira if% iti-itfi fn-fst . vi). CI. n. mtf? mf
f m Hw? ifit itc 'Jtt I iti-<fm% iîfCA? S ^
^ 3 T S [ f ^ ^fspr-fîHrsT (g. mfm-'mmftuf) -
HH Sit iHr ifimm
f m 'mt-itf' fifit imci f n % icijftgc? ffi icn, ^L.jjji (j-.xJi ji-..^) 8 i i m i f u i { j L ^ 6 >^)mi
" I t n t m mii itc I t i m n Scn?^ i-g^ ^
il^fs,fei/ieiiei?f?en n m ifntu 'mfii, fimfii
mten I t f i m i t ^ ^ nfitit (ûûs) iiscn m i
vs ?i i c f ^ cin I fH mjen fiis fif^' t m f fiien
cm fm I fmn ic^ I f m m us fli r mnt cm fim It mn iieu ficiitc? Sei icmu itcî-r m i
nc? icii ifici f f ? m i l itf-itit-? irfîci? fim itifi'^-fi m m t n f i t m^-fiiff -s mm u n v s
?f fici I cm cm ftcn liuff itfcn His itc Hf UCI iflfS m i fitm t n itm? i fim mime fH
n ?tfic mfici m fi?t tif'tc fi? iificsi i
5eUf?-f?e^ m t f i i m i l ? mfi?m- (Aadranople)
I t f i i m
mH m ifim c?, iiat.mii i t f i t m mfcn ficn i i f ? ifnt uiuu ^s mrtii untu-c f <mi u?Ttm
i m if? I mimci cffnt mrr? ici .^ft mir ^ c?, ien iflt n? fH ifi^ mif? i f , fii'iu^, tif'i-?im
Itfitm-? f i m mm wm l u r i w n itc ire? i isn vs 'mit'tiiien i f t ^ f i H i 4 t U ' vs fm ?nf icn i
mimei mH fi-itf'lit licit ififS i t m i" i t ^ ufm fiififi iffîn? Seifi ifiUcn 8 i i 'mmt
. -lifitcfScwii c?, siffi iisei? fien utf?
I t f i t m
uHi'i-fi'ltu^ti t n 'Sm mfi-uurtf ?f^ ifi^
mTi it?i fwH-r '^t fu mêi, f#rsr-mc|? slf?m?
Scfei^^H wi^jcif mi-fUfifi mSH ffii iHu n u i iipf ?. ^ 8 mvs?tt?5'-tifi ît mti?tu'-m'fi-n
iHci I tmen wu Hc?fiitl f?tHil flcii fWfHi f f t ; Al 'mmitmîtn^'Smmti-uuiiif-nmi--
ne?i I n< VHg Hsm< wicim wu f u e n c i cifcm f i u i 'm'ttittfi''-mifi U n mif? ic^"fm ;
fienmiif? i ' "vs-i m t f fuiiTUea? mui ititfii i f ii?i-m
- m-mm^ Itfitm' uii?i mtci u n , mfiHu H i t 5 l 8 - n ffm; 8 rm-mtfui mti-iifi m-î?wif ? f 5
iisen 'lfl' uff w?ii(Um m f if? Hnt mf n H mfifi-f^s vsum'-wmfmc? if? fimimt^ fim i f ;
ii? ftn ?i|?u Sm Uii?iien utf i t m it,i\i ^^), u?!'i-usufi-1-n "fit I ^ u uifii vs ut?iff? rf^
mm i<2f,itf? m m i irnniiiSuci itfitm' (^_pL__a meimrif^ ifH? t i t ff-mu ; e i 'mrmr m-fiuf
>'-a)un I , mn-'mfift f ie^ c? meu fien m i tm*^ Sm
,mf "mf mi-itf ifim ?tc3}3 ifn ^ ^mt'i-^, im.fitmi '
iie? mf'S'l-'mfi? o<tb/hbb ltd ier5t ne? tifnti SifiS^ i f i f i
Uffvs u?i ti^ t' m imiuu
4rf
ien 1 m i mf 'mifim m-mtif tm wtmm itm i f ?nr ien ifiu fncisrii%si ifimen i im ?f^
ifti nt iicn Sim;^ u'm ( < i ~ ) i m inftci iifci i f ifim ^c i f f m mr ci, isfii vs nan t- i m i
U l F l U l ? I
fusm umuifci SHH i f i ^ u^jjff? i f g 5 fn
f i f m n fm m-^wt. ^ itH#mi? f?f'iitm nt HH iifi l i f t fiH file? fim mificni
ifiuen i cmtm? mtifii ili iH f f "Mf? fgi t n i f i f 8 (i) m^ ufm, Itif"w-^fi, fius ; (A)
mil m-fif'm-umf f m cm m m snei^ iiHitu 'mmu 'rnifi-mfii m - i n u f , m-mvsut^m-ufiut,
nttm ffie cit cuiitu mnt icn m-'^t'mfif fin i v s A 8 H., 8fe I
Itfiff'1-m? i ^ im utiHcnSf ifntcn i . vii. CI. v9i. mtf< mff
i ^ i f 8 (i) m-m'mf, m-m'(>ii?,'Hi^; (A) mf tmrnt*^ itfitm ( w J L i j,. r i ,i) ? (ivsv-ivfe*
m^ '5itmm-fit?f, m'-tmt, fius; () mi-fff, f.); fin f f vs ficiw I i m iff tiufi
Itfimfii
t m f fiitem
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Contents
mt (g.)-*^ i^Hlifn itfi (g.) Eldem

iiTfim t m ' ^ iff msn itnen ?tm itcuacn H?^
Imperial museum-n lRt>1=14 ' itif Cim mt i HH fc^ n 1 iflt uwiH n fsfim, nt, i t n i
cifi -a
^t|ci w^piii mn, i5[ mm mgmft Uffr citim mn, cuenitf cm? Smti itu if^ fli i cn itf? umt
mfptm nmi n mi iv^s t- (Crete)-^ incn tit i m if?ci 1 titen mwmf i t n i itftf ^ m
fim mirnlt H^s? n i cititci fnmci mjf itit IiH i?ctu if?,if^ mm CI? n t i i fiuwf? i n
itcfva
tmfci fifim men n t nmif mc? tmfmi mmi i ?5f?u 1? I tit fnm? m t fn mfuci? m ujstcn i
Uskuder-F Iskele Djami'a-n cmmn 'mt? mn A (^)-H fiitfifi ^tc imtfi n ci, i.8 <^ .-i<Â n fn iflt
fimmi t m f fgt mfimm .-mm fmm wtm mimf?tcnn? 1 cmtcn fi mm? meu iflt uci cm cm
ffi fims I m i f cim mm mici >a mmit nci mîcn mt I tH ntfi mm? mti u cmiH flcn i i t n i
tntf CI fimt i m ; f f f ititf^f citH? f{isii uHf tm^TCi i n um m ic? ntfH mtH memen
nî i m f f ^ itf?f tm Sn m f^ i f m f?i? n fci citbf iUHf n i ufiitemtmm^f?cn
?vtc?
tm uH^fo I t i f i mwfi ttmtm ^ mm i f m stm umm f^ mmfi if?u tmei f f o n \ ifltiei

f4ifi, H ^ mfim f i ^ stncn mmf (standard if? ?rwi fnm? ?#?f tm*^ itf f?i^ um iftt
Index) ifilfi, cmt^fm itc^sC^s Takwlmi ûe? f m m n? ftn men \ tm iflt mtmi m m
ITCI
meskukatl 'othmaniye (1307-1890), Takwlmi vg Hfl fiTtH i e n u t i f??f cUftuet? fii'mm

meskukatl seldjukiye (1309/1892), Meskukatl vgal-rfi^lc?? Se0i ie? fH mm Hut m t i i m
^ m i
turkmaniye kataloghl, .iit'sfi? m f I t m c l - e ?twf^ mtci mfmim itu fim mm Itfi? ^

i m
(1311/1894), Essal de numlsmatique turcomane cn I tm*^ fiu ifuei lilt fie^ ufiu itm i>8H8 ien
(Tm Uf^l (1311/1894) Meskukatl
I t i i ) wtûf? iici ifen nm it ien i titei iftt fue?
kadlmleyl Islamlye kataloghl 1312; f m lfn cmt 1? I
m mm i^m'wtHisf fificiei mien
t m
fHm m m ' m i g. L . A. Mayer, Bibliography of fim?titi!

Moslem Numismatics, Ai it., and Halil Ethem, ilfif 8 ( 5 ) R. C. Mazximdar, History of Bengal,
Islami Numismatik icin bir bibliografi tecrubesi Dhaka University, vol. ii, first edition, 1964,
(mtmt ifew f ) I Pages 1 3-34, (A)mtit fuêmi,Um iS-lvlJ, 81, 8(2-5 1
- ' . n. mtifiitcn
stfi f in E.I.^ f. Itfii
s ( i ) J. H. Mordtmann, tmrt*%T it^ 5voi3-<^ti> file??
(ff in IA, hs. Galib); (A) Ibrahim Alaeddin
8
I f i i ,
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tm%TiHf
t m t m i i m m f s p f m ? w t f n i m flf ^ ?T??ii ' p k u n m i < m t u tm l i f u ? im^s i #

n t i t i ^ I t f n m r ? ib-vbs t- ( i - , o o o , o o o i t s ^ itc u n m I 'Siuff mt?etief? mici^ ib-îi 'f&tcn i i f f
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c B f i m ^ c?iii <t>iif*it fim? fiffm f ? f f ml mi f n t f t ? i f m f w i ' S i u f m?if?n3 fi? ifie i t n u t 1
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i f f i ? m if u t I mmci ffi i i r i i ^ . - ? f u t f ^ u u u?u I U m n , t n t t i u m u w f i t i f i i e n w u wfti
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i i i f ?
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itit
ib-'ib t. t i u t i i t u ? mtffi n m f f , f c u f m i f i u m lenttci I f f ttcivs n e n i u i f w i f i i t n f t u n

.?^H?iffificnitufile??ml'?mmSn n H f u f f ? Hc?fîtcn I
H?51 ?5fin (European Control Commission) l f ^ . i f i i t s ( i ) E. de Leon, Egypt under its
n I f i ? f ? , n (5b-i(f >{., fi?} Ittfifm-Mtxed Khedives,m i\r\r\ f ; ( A ) J. McCoan, Egypt under
Tribunal)n f u # ? m3 f i w f f n t filc? m t n t f t f i c i % n Ismail, 1 ^ ibrbrSi t-; ( ) P- Crabites. Islmail, the
I C U f i u i f i i u i f i u ? f n ?m ci?m w u "^mm i i m u u . maligned Khedive, 1 ^ ifevsvs if.; ( 8 ) D. Landes,
1 ? I titc I ' - i t n n t cift? ^ tu? m?mc?? ?5f mm^j Bankers and Pashas, m vs c n ^ , Mass. i f e f f b -
liuui? I 1 . ; (a) A. CoMn, The making of modem Egypt,
iibriii-h> f. m t f i i f c i t i mif?u?fc? time?? mrc?, i v n iihiovjj f ; (via) J. Landau, Parliaments and parties
f i c n m i u t n t t i u u a fu? ift?^, f i f i t f m f i i i , in Egypt, Tel-Aviv 5S>(^^ %; ( I ) P.. M. Holt, Egypt
?fm ci?^ vs c i u u f t f t ? u i u t c n I C U mmcu? c w t and the Fertile Crescent 1516-1922, 1 ^ 5S>^^
c U u n iff33mt f f t ic? tu? m f i m f m t f t u n i
1 J.; ( b r ) A. Abel-Malek, Ideologic et renaissance
f f f ? iH .flt n n u ? m ? m i e n Scuti, ifHfif!3ii national, L' Egypt modem, U t H l iS>^s> (s>) P. J.
iffi'sfi? cwm tu? i f f m - f i f t m 1? 1 ^^^^ % Vatikiotis, The modern history of Egypt, 1 ^
iffif?en m^ i U l i ^ t U i f i n (A Consultative
Assembly of Deputies) iU 1? 1 tU? i l ^ j f ? m?t p. J. V a t i k i o t i s ( E . I . ^ ) / f i f s mt^ m e n
[i^tii f m mtiei? f i m t cifm i ? ? i ? e i u f f u f i u iibribr-s> t m r n r * ^ it^rr f r n n t ^ i ^ i ^ L^L. J ^ L ^ I )s

j. Iflift fifjf (Coalition) ^s f ? i i^rf? i f f i f n i i k n " S i u f I t f f c w m i i m Sff? f l c n 1 fH itmti u n i n
c^ I U 1? I f i f
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ci^sfiuiu? i t ? c i f i n f t i f i u m e n i i itc i n u e n i o v s o / i i v v j A o l t d ? f i e i w i m t i e n tm i f i m H t u
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.flift f i i f t ? w t f ? f f i i t i ? T ? u e n n i e u u S n j t i u < ?t5tUUn a r m m i e ? i n t m u : w i - t ; m n i n stfîtfi^
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t n r f fiitem
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8bro
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f ficfftft itlHicn m ifim wu ^s^n itiHifS itff? fi^tcH? fiit cun iHcUi if?e iHuficn i c i i ^ u
i i ii??tfiiici ifig itm i f n i t ^ m n t uwf? i?em fm i ? 5 f fi'iir irn f i t i ic?tib i f i
ititn wmmici iic?i?cn itfif tm Sn I ' f i ^ t l 1 l ' * f 1 ifitci Ab'^^fUU'l-ltf, idhh/Oo

i?f
.ilgfl, ivbb-b--
n I fsitcn nft nitnit?, itit SiH fen,
t m ' ^
.ii nu ien i
imtfiii ficgtfcn itmtfw fitcn fiit i f m
f??i:^
ititci mtntffiitc? tm 'iff'-e fiw?
cii icn I ficgtfir ?iwitim ?rf irktit i f f ? wtm
. t i U t i
?i?ten fieii nvgu n nt isn i o uwti, i o ^ V i i

n ,
(ncif cit m cm i m Sf? ficn u), t m t i itit va

n ,
ivbbrb--.il ?itm fi?ffi.?su 1? 1 iti% cfif? citm

I f f ititfci 'ifiai itit' ?tfi?i?cn Scuti ifiN5
UCI
m .iiificm ncu? m , n t m t i c?tci intH

m s
if?c i t n I u e m imrfen iffif?ii m ifisi

itit
itm'-n i f n vat i t f 3 ifci nn itcii, n iffm

n nt citunt citiif-un itfii f i i t u m i m
^ 3 U ? f ? i m tuci ffiiQ nvau n (U'm i i o i / ci
'Sim liteiif fitcn itm i c ? i icn nt itH wtm
ivbcso) I f m i m m i i f ^ icu fn itfii fi'iit
n
(vgf?-.ii? fitfiw:, fifi i i v a tm itfifm i i i icn ffl?
va citiif ifiuen iutu neu? ifi tm iufii i

u t ,
tm ifiie), ifiici nwi f n i m Sff? finti iHc

itn I ititci Hntcn wu iff mtfi n # fititi mf"I'-itHfi itm
t m ' * f i
ifpiti t m ' ^ um i m fJien n ,
itits imft f vsm nfi n nt^gin3 titiii

i i
mci fmi? fitei luiustn uut i u i? nt
vau?f?
icn I fif i m Sfen fiem? fn ficgrfcn n ^ m f fiufi itm Smfiitffcn fiit ^c fH it?itn
mt'i-tim viieif?
I t i f m i ficgtf n?'fe^ f?f5 cwr?fw if i l l ien i tm if ii tftfci- ci?i i u
m
m t f n iitcnitueiit i?t i ? 8 i t i f m ? t w i t i t n 1? nt CII c?tci u n i u n I

irin ien nt ficm?ft y|itci? ic I ' f i ien I i?em i f i # f ( i ) fitfiwltm ifliaj s s i i o i / dan UWt?
t m t i itit itf^tHitn Sff?-n m iffi^ n i t m i v b f e o - n ^ i?m um n u f ?ii?i4i'ili?' iiUiH-.ii

?!ci m s^ H f 'ItHi' ( m t ' 1 - t m i vg t f t ^ c n i t f n ) 8 o o ipf iHcu? iHm wu im i H fie^ <?m\ ituci
nit n I itim nc? wnt f n ficuiuj^ n < i if??t (cui-.ii im fiitn fltc^ c?fw%m ?H itfefe,i- ^ste),
i e e , i e f e ; (A) f m Ht?e-in? iH, n t c?fw%t? i t n i
t m f fiiteit?
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Contents
8b-5 t f l t t l U f f f - f t l t f l t t l
itt. % i^JsA, iw, i ' l v o ; (vo) i t i t i i t i t i n % i f H , c n e s n t ? (5) itfi'i-mnt, mM?ft -can i f n

i t ^ m f ?
c i u n I t i t , fntf"vo-m^ltftl, 1st. Un. Lib. Ms i f ^ id? utut I (A) mfi'S'i-mm, itimfc s ^

T 2389, ff. 89a-93a, 98a and Ms T 5, 124a-129b; f ?mcn mm, m ? f ifiti^cn utut () itai'-t
i t f i - vs i
( 8 ) ' m f i - i R i t i I t i f I t i t , f vstHi f i f ' - n i t g i i f i fnt^ fi T^ft? i n fifi itimf? mm

i t f i f f , 1
(Ms of Turk Tarih kurumu) ( t f t i r n f 1lit till tci? irtf mem? wm nt i r a f ^ i iti i?
vat tm
tittttSfC I t t n f i W i t l ) , i . 5 v 5 A , )>0'\, A o b r ; - ( f t ) I t i m fmm fiitn iitcim wifî? fii tm iiti i v^t
fiififfiH cum I t n , tiitiiti m'ftfi, tftfi ife^b- tis'i-'mmf (^. v!jvob-/5A8o)-n i?mm mm ifitfi i
5 1 , v s i r l r , 81V0, b'\i, l A V - f e , 'I'JJA, 1 1 . , A 8 O , Ab^-br8, A l r l , t m mffi? ifnii

?if? mcim mmtfiii f i i
Afeft-febr, VSOVO, vo;i,ft, v o v o o - ' l o , vOfexJ}, 8 o A , 8 1 b r , Qoh, ; mtici? Sn memi

vs?5v| mit ic^ tme itimf?
if??ici i
(vjj) U f i i , m ' i t i , t f t j l ft., 5 1 , v 0 8 f t , ftAvb, A l , i f i ^ ^ 1 ^ lea? msfi? Itm?,mimf iffii tit?

?jtiTt
0^-0% 55fe; c i l f d i m lijciif, v s i t i l t ' t fint', meimt ifimen ( f . A. Golpinarli, Mevlana' dan
1st. Un., Lib.. Ms T 2489, foi. 35 b; (v) 'SllH-ltCI sonra MevlcAnlik, Istanbul 1953, 143) tmtci? 1
m ' t i , 1tfnf'l-SltU',,tfl1 5 A ' l 5 ft., f . 55VS-58; ( f e ) It isitififis mm tfT|ci

5Avfe/5viA-vo I t c i 5H 1 ? 1
i m - i i w m i ' i t i 'mi', m'ftt 'm^r, tmii 5 i f e v 5 % , titfteitf?mf fgi mm 5ovo/5'j3vbfe) i^ itHitt

(f.
A l , ' l A ; ( 5 o ) c i l t ' t f f - i t c i I t f i i i c n m mti, mftit itfi^^ mmn m i - f u ^ ' i - i t f t it?ii-iti-itf mn 'm?f

vsiitl-t m'mfil, ^ t f l 5A<2-A f t . , A l , fevbl-'iv; ( 5 5 ) De fmevs mH n nt iraeme
5Avfe/5V'iA-vs i t e i iitfi
La Croix, Abrege chron. de I'hist. ott. Paris 1768, 1? I R. A. Nicholson-Fr Commentary on the
ii, 600-2; ( 5 A ) Hammer-Purgstall, Histoire, xiii, Mathnawi of Jalaluddin Rumi . ( 1 ^ 5fevsa ( . )
247-57, v s o v - f e ; ( 5 v s ) f l f w i - t ' S l l t f , 5 1 , o(t8-a(t; ( 5 8 ) t f u t i - i i i ? iefa. S n fH if?m-?f5 1 i ? c i n t i t i t ? f
I. H. Uzuncarili, S i l t l f i m f i f (Osmanli tarihi), tmc f 5 ? tilt mm i t n i ^ ^ f t i v o (it?i-t iff?-t
i i i / 2 1 . , m m U 5feft8 % , 8A'l-Afe; ( 5 f t ) I. H. Danismend, mntmf m itimff-H m'm'l-H mîtf., 51, cim
Kronoloji, iii, 465,-466, 517; (5vJ3) f i t m i t l t i m f 5 V 0 8 V cf? Solar) 1 ( 8 ) f ? 1 t f ' l - f | 1 f ItlHrn-ffl,
f i i c m c i i n ; s Mehmed T V (M. Cavid Baysun); ( 5 1 ) t?f""t-Vtrnf? f f f ' ' i - H ' ? l i - n ftfi^^mni tm i ( f t )
I t f C i i , m f f l - m u m - , ai, fe8V; ( 5 V ) v . Hammer, f i m i - f i ' W f ^ ? t ? f miritifi (f.ftvVii55)i f f
Gesch. des Osman. Reiches, 1 , ftov^, ftofe i . ,ftftvsi ? f ^ iimfif"^-fa (im, trni'i^Hmij-n mm i t ? i - - t
Munir Aktepe (E.I.^)/ Cits i f i n t l U l itmfiHi-fs I (vb) it?i, i'Tfm-t mtmt, t n i - u t f ? i - n
S^ men Hut mm I t i f m i,
t ^ * ^ < P ^ X - " ^ ^ * P I T ' ^ ( C J - J
^ t m mm fjfi, mfv tfmti Hewvs .fii ff%m
J - ^ L c ^ l
J j r i \ ,i j ^ j j 1) s t n ,,'mtimirni-m^jmtft,(? ?m iHitflcn (ff mfim? mi f . gitm ift? vs i t i - m

5o85/5'j3vs5-A), m i t f i ' i - f i nwi mum I
?iif?f I t e i t f i
f. i., ntft.) I Siien icm iiteim i f ? f ^
H f f , i t i s
tira w u m f i i w t i , f i f t i t wtit I t i C I , f i f i m m i t i
fiirnimîtmit m fiim^'^-utitit, i t ? f i n f
(5) vs
w i f i i i m n , S ^ f i m it m n , i m t c i w f l c i i . n ? ,
iitit?inm f'<Mfi? Sn ifim mm fH f f ?f5 i t m
iti-Gitfmm ^ i f m f f i f l c n ( f . i i ? i - t i t i i t f t , 51,
tftiei
5Ab-8/5V'J3'i-v fiiu^'i-fmt',
Itei f H i (A)
f f i m ) I T^fcuci m^pj i t i t t ^ t i cmfiijc pfim
55,
f fep itHtfii ?itlit; tm 'm^^m ififCA? H H iiti
n t i m mmf i t i i f s t i . c ^ c i f ( ^ . 5,o8o/5vi)voo)-n
111
(f. 8b-5/5ob-v-fe)-n mtfif'f-m'tfi, tmiei
I t m f
f i m f i i i . m n , f i f i f i t n i f m ic-ttf v m n 1
mtfi I iwtf i-itm', mvsitf
5Avv!j/5b-v!jfe-'io l t d (vo->
,t f m t i n t f t f c i m . m n i c i t i t n f i f i itmm i?e?ien m'fei? n i n n itfi^^ i f i iflt

i v s i f i i
(Galata)-? m m f i t n t i - n i t i i n nt.-it m f f f i fi (iimn. -a <jnt^ ifci? (fiimw) m mtfi i

m n i f i f i itcmt i--iirci--S^ i t f n i ? m ^ i i t n ^ nem tntten ifim m f-am-vfl,iitfi (f. i ?
f vsm-n mfim) I iH miitfi? Tm iitm' >fliH

t f m t i ' m ? f -a. m m f s i tmt:t w f l c n , f i c n mfm ?m ien;-tit m i m n, fH: mmtfm ? f ? vs
i f i m lit ^ mrnc :fifi i f i t f i ? mm m t i m ififS wten wm lig am iwi ifimflen (g. itim H i f , f.
n ( f . M. Tahir, 'Othmanli Mu'ellifleri,- i, 24 i . ;
Khwadja-zade Ahmad Hilmi, Ziyaret-i Ewliya, i f i f s fiwie^ Sfifi nt mf
(5) itfi? (5)
Istanbul 1325 A..,H.,-71) ifm? suni fîsfis mm, it#fm-t mfit-t m v 3 f ? - ? H , ?i?em sAWib-vfevb-i,
t m f fiitem?
t.H.ft/vb5
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Contents
8b-A
AA, vo'l-SS, AlAt t t A A - t A t ^ A l f t , i A , i - i i , ffwfA Wg?Iit; tf?ti, A t A t M , t t t t t R R t ' t C R ? tC5tT?I e / i i t C 4 RtCAt?

( A ) t f T O t W , ^l*|R><ll-t 'wl?t'-t tt>sRtfAlTT, 1st, Univ. wg?ittc? S s ? t?, t?CtttC? R t t ftgtC?? t f C t . A t f A
Lib., TY 89, 125-7; ( o ) ' W t f W H " A R , RtAT' t H t - t t t ^ t^^Ttt^ s t f t c f c g .tf?t A ? i t t ? t t t i J l ' i r t 88br/ioeib
WtttA, t ^ t l f i v O o S / i t r S i - A , t r o - b - O I RtCR RtCAlC? t ? 1 M t R 4 C ? ? I
Tahsin Yazici (E.I.^)/Âi'ii W t ? ^ W t ? a r ? t # t S ( i ) T. W. Arnold. The Preaching of
^îHrSfl ^mSitft(^jjjiV J ^ L ^ I ) s tlAA fAltiA Islam, (SH. Muhammad Ashraf), Lahore 1961,
(f. 88b-/iofti!}) i^ftAtM, RtCAtA tA5?A Sttn t?RTA stTOf, pp 283-84, ( A ) "S'RTt R T S ^ T O f f t , A t f R t ^ ' R - W l R t f A t
t t f f W t t1A-t RflWtC t l A i i f t ^ AtflfA*t1?A I ttflAT^'R- (\o) \5. - ^ t A t t A t f , India's Contribution to the study
W l f f e r t a t r ^ ( 3 t f ^s^TtA RTAAtA-TO At RtTAt? t A t ? of hadith literature, Dhaka Unviversity, 1976,
t i A A t t t l ' s f t ??tAA t t R l O t ? WlCRt?i ? A ? f1??t WtT?? I pp. 45-46, ( 8 ) f A t t 1 t W t ? f ? ? t t R , A ] f ^ R ? ? 5 R C ? ? tMtt,
WR<tJ W f A p t A f t A t ? RAt? WttTfM M?5 tt?% f ^ t R R i M t n S c s t ? A t ? W f t , T t f t , f . <bHo I
3t?t tttlW^ Mr? t M Wtfg A ?TO?,W S ^ \ o l W ATR A C t . lil. Cf.TO.W t t f ? W t f

t ? R t A atAt f C ? I t i A A t T A f t R f T O I ?fiffTOfRtfAHT ? ? r t ? (*IR) ^ f s r r ' ^ " t f t W ( j _ , ( | . 7 , Jjr.,^,uI sLi) tt>sRt?T
mm -ArtTOtAl f ^ R T A 4 I t R R t ? st^Tr?? S w r t ff? f A t t t t t t t t t R t f t t t A 'WtAft'R-tif t f t t t A ? T M ^
vsS>e/ioo8 RtCR lilt S t A A l r f f C t W t t A ? 4l??t MtCAira ^^tft^ll? fAtM Mrrft ( ? ) , t t A ' W t t f ' R - ' W l f t , t t A AT^'S'^T-ft? ^
?TOr?TO?r "ItCAlS A ?TOT??% f I t i t A t W W ? t t t R ? t t A 'WTAf'R-ftft? (?)-iil? ; m ^ ^ ; i A A t f ' - A , iiSvo/AS.
Wf???tA?^ H R I i^Mtftf t ? # t l ? AC f f s l ? AtA'fA ??tlA lilM, i<l<lS> RtCR W t A t f C ? ? (At?t-t ? t f ; Al?1-t
8iVioAi RtCR RtCAt? R t ? w f A T O TOR ( i A , 'J.ftA)I lilt lf?T?T ; \S?tfRfTatA) I l i l f ? t ? t ?TOItt?t Ab- tt"S?TR,
?'f?t W f t t S t RtCAtS f R f R R t l R A t f c ? W t t R T O i<l A W ftif iiSib/ib W f l M ? , i'lb-i ? R t A t t t C A (E.I.', R t t C T O , A t ,
t t ? A tti|l'rC=1) stretf? T O ?TttftC? t R R t R tRt? Rt *8t9) I M S s R W^t I t l R TO lilf ?tRtfttC? f t t t t
TO I atCTO?t^. |[. WtiTO-sTtCATa t A ? S T O t P # f Wt3CR
(At?t-t ? t f ) lit?? W t ? ?<M f t f t R t ^ ' R - M ' t ? f s Rt^SRTft
t t R T s f SfHC? t t ? A t R ^ f t C T O W R t T O t f M ttf^TT R t c 'Wttt'S't-f? ( t t A t R t f ^ t t f t t ? C ? # ) '?Rt ^ ? t C A I CtC?TS5
?CR? ? "One of the earliest of these (Muslim ? t ? t f S t M t t R t ? t t t ^ t t t t ' * f t f S T T f t t a t t ? CWRt? 'fR'
missionaries) is Shayldi Isma'il, one of the most Rttf ^ f t ? Rt^^RtRC? W t A t f C ? ? I
famous of the Sayjads of Buldiara, distinguished
f ?Wt? t r i t t f^ R t ? f RTA'-? R t f f ttfe'^l^Sf f t ?
alike for his secular and religious learning; he
f^tt?- t ? f & W T O ? f C ? ? I Wf& f S R ? ??STIRftCt t1? A t f f S f - t
is said to have been the first Muslim missionary
f ?Wt? A ? (Al?l-t ? t f ) . I ib ?tWt?, i A o o / i A liltatR, i 'llrSi
who preached the faith of Islam in the city of
RtCR fft t t A ' W r ? f " R - t t f t t f M t R f f t C R ff?T t T A
Lahore, whither he came in the year A.D. 1005.
'WtAf'R-'^tft? t t f t t ^^^''tNt^
Crowds flocked to listen to his sermons and the

IS =TtR?-ttRC?? T3 at^t f C ? ? ( W T ^ t ^ ' R - R l R t f t , i t R ? ;
number of his converts swelled rapidly day by
tAtf'R-fAtRt') I W t ? ?tRtfRtC? t T A 'Wf?f'R-'Wtf?
day, and it is said that no unbeliever ever came
<2tf?yMtR "s R T O R t t ? lilt g T f ' f c a t ? wttAf^ at^t f C ? ?
into personal contact with him without being
(Attt-t ? t f ) I
converted to the faith of Islam" (The Preaching
^^^^srtAfsT-fTfw? ft?I # f A t 1 ? t tAtiI R f t ? R t f %
of Islam, pp 283-84).
trs't W?t f S t M f t ? lilftta! f ? l T t?f? A t t T O "8 W t t ?
e,"Wt RtCAtC?? W f R i R R W f A ? t f ? t Wtii, AtW'l 2tt ;5ttCt? RtC? t t - t ^ f M 1tSlf^C<=1H I t t A t t t f ^ R C f w t t ?
StWttC Wa^ t ^TO?TOT?tW^54TCR lilAtC? S^ ACt? fC3IA ?Tf? R t R ? - t t R ? f t ? ? t f t C T O t ? T O f t l t ? ;5lTCt?
lA=5?t t A 2)tA-atftt%? W f ? ? # A ? I t1?A t t R t t C T O W ? w g t M ^ t f ^ w ? t TAtcf fitro f M f l C R ? lit?? f t ? C t t f t f
t T f ? T t f stCStT? RtCAtC?? lilt R 4 R f t ? Stwrf? s t t ? t t f f f ? f R ^ - i i l ? R M tAt? t??tA C?? (WT^"S?tA-t ^ l R t A l ) I
A ^ A l f ^ t R R t R at^t W t ? RtCAtC t R R t f R?ffC sfttM W A I t ? t t A t R t f ^ ttCttTO atf WtC?t R C t t C t i f
m^ t M t t f C4C5 t f ? t A ? I t t ? A t>|ili'*f=ltR?attR RtCAtC? ftCR? ?t I t t A 'WtAf'R-flftC?? CtttC t t c kTOTAtft?
^5t%- 9m TO^ f C ? ? 1 RtCAtC? ?5C?4TO tTt?tRT f A t f ^ C ^ A C?tC?t?t tC?ttC?? ?t?Ct ff? Attc? C?ttt Atc R ? f
Wtfwr? A ? lil?? lilt R t ? A t f c ^ 2 ) T O C f ^ t 2 t f % At?t ff?C ^5tC? I f t ? t c ? ? t t i (^jl L-ii) WtCt tt "9?^
Sc^ I t t t t t t S t f R - f ? W t f t^svs?tTO i2tC5tr?f V i o tC4 ff?CR t t ^ 'WT^'R-?tlft? t t t t C CtCR f%??t ^CR? tf W ^
?t?RtCtCt? C ? T T O f C ? ? ? S^ t ? R r f ^ 3 AtfA M t ? TO%i
ftctt ff?CR ftf? ?f%C?, t r o R t t f RAW t c ? f M Wtft t A t
t t R t f f?t1C?t^
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Contents
( M ) t?Rt%T i f l 8VO ( i l l ) A*ixi'w i f l
it^ if? 1 f t I ? f i tit i ^ v s ^^t ^ f v s t % f i tit? ? I T L I ? Ifli? ?1m ifn

IUT i f ^ cnt usnci fiien ifei
iteiiJ
? w i i t i i f i m C I , cif5-i5 ncit fifm it?r itt I fintien u?ft m c i i?1f itc? wu tm c? nen
urns ' ^ i t c i <TficvoH i l l Mi^-nfe ifl^wici
1 fisiH cusu ituci (Uu-t
f i n i mtifii lf?Tm)
ii iflei fH m ' l i I t i ? Ssnn if?ci ci, f i s s Ssnci I'Ht? t m cm n f i u m m u i
tit? i i f I f c i c ? i ftifii utc i t I iAvaâ/itr i t r Itci ItfUl mm C?C?1tf (?) 1m I f f ?
mtl i i ^ ifT? ufinf i t ? f ? i t ? c i ici?-c?fi ?i? m itc ^ n ^ u f i f cfflci iiei u m f 'mgi-itfu,

??cit ffi f i m , i i f i ,fii'inînof? ? f ? ^
msn m t m t i n i fros ^ m'u i t i t itfui
ff%<[f%i vstci? M i t i t ? iffcifu i i i < 3 ic?i I c i f ^ iic?t ifei?-n tififc mif? if?u m'n (f.) n (uim-t
% tij? C l U vs vs ifi? UTF I men 1 1 ? i f f
muf; u i ^ ; u?nt') in ite Itfui itcicn^7fe?
ifa ifimci ifiicu c i t i ifli iti'ufU fSf^tU if?ci m n i ien uite tifnten i? ^5f i w v s i f i w uen
f % f i fitc?? U M I M T T Su? U T U T i m iHci ci,
nt fum? uUit ifiitti n? itfui itcicn msci
(*titfci ifwo i t c i t ( M N ' i ' - I t u f i ) I T M f ^ , ufmtfi ien i ifis tm (mtm'ên) m n wmit?ei?
t f ^ i v ^ I % uumi I ffi ifkt vs f ? i i uu lifif? m5if?i
mfi c i ^ f i fll, f % f i f m m i - n itfit n m
f i f
1 ? T M i f c ? i c i i if?c i t f ? c i I T M ci?T vs srfm

1 ? vs cîtun fin m ifien i itfiji ircicn i f m i vs
Hftf fnt 'ifimci? ifft mfici? cf^sfc?? S i i ? I Jlift iiicn mft fli liit ci, f f i tm uiei f | ? f r o g ?
(titfm-fiu') I ut? Itfic? 1 iius iius c?ien itmr ust^ if?m if%=
F M T iuiuc i t l t i u t i (mici?) itm-itcu?i vs lis Ut itu ut, Ufi Ufui Itcicn fm1uei i f e i
1 1 i i i c i ? H W i ifm c n I f i f i c?itc?t cm ? i 'utifu utiiicn wu n $ f ts u ifiu itu utci i f
vs ? i ^5^11 c3f? ciic?s? iltci, v s ? t 5 r - i f i c ? w u

I t m
(vsUitU'S'1-vsUf?) I . "
c r n i i ciffiiT utt C 1 U C 1 m i f ? c i I i < s f c i ^ f i i fliUien itm, itcun vs fwm i t i k i ?
Itfui I t e n
I G M vs I l i m ffi wtci'iifwci n t w i?ittci (UT?i-t Sewi us-sfi n?* ifiuficn m t m ' t i n imftcst
vsuf; m t i m - - I t u f i ) I U W t ? U W t ? c;NT T M vsu'w i f flcn I I t f u i
l tfic fwui itffim?
iteum? f
II mtic? vs icucitci? i f t f fit if? I i ? j ? f fiU? imifm u ifiei tm i f m m f f fumen ite?
n ? ifi? list cm f i f ^ U F W ? m-mci uu icmci? m s ^ cit^ itu Sc^ I nru ufie uei c?, iiten
fftifiu fi I M Itci? I t i t f F M ? ffiif

vsuw-n m mil? U C I i f ^ 1 nt f i - t fimf (i-)-n
ftm? wvscit ?t^ ?%FT fici U M I C U icTci? ifm n ^ f ? wu mten Snff f (mta^m-
n
1C1C1? wvsm ufi I I m^T fli

f m c?, ' u t f i i vs
> ^
itufi) I
umi M P ncit T M siwi i t c iifc? sif i t I Itfui tint fiuci? n s i m ifiei m. t m t i -
Ifei?
T M m'w vs ufitc? ??ic f ^ T N ut fUi i c T i n fint c?ien, fifi nei us nt citum cn itc fiu
mci? l t d cfflu m, fi?i vs fii'm? f f e t ^ F ?fiu ic, Sif ituflen, f ^ fn#?en ScRfci miff 'm^'i-
U f ? f ^ - t m t f i l l vs f i i ' M if?jtci? if itiufi m%-'ii? l f l f?m fiu cn (vsuituS'1-vsuf?) 1 1 ^ ne?
1 ? I w t f i ' n f w c i ^ ' m M T mftc?? wu N ufii (um, iAvs'Ji ft.-n cn itc u'm, i^^fe ft.-? cn
itui f i i f ? m n i t c U C I ciutft 1 ? tmci ^ tw iw) ut vg f?(ii Itfui Itci flcni i t t n t
Itcici?
( M I ^ ' i - i t u f i ) I im cptt? ?i itui cm ftmtit^ fmuuc tifnti ? ^ (ûnf; vsititu'S'i-vsuf?) i
1 ? I i 3 F f i r a ncit T M F F F fiuci nt ifiuci, tmn? Itfui ^ûum-ilfiu, i A 8 i ft. Hfiten SetCi mm-
Ifei?
c? v^^^ vg \&ii4siij<)> T J F T C I M itcc^tu M tiîti (?) i m t??? itc ftn ifiei m iten "Îfw? vs fufifei?
vs usitf M^'i-utfir ( ? ) - N i ? F i?tcn i i I v f l t ^t^m in i f i flcn (ntitf, mû if) i
I t f i m
lî" f t ? m i ufui m m i f i ( ? ) - n Sf? flcn I i j fms mffntfi vsu'w; vs mifnf, u'û i m ,

Uic fi, tnten F N # n vs fiwrnen wu itw if?m i H ? i l vs mitfnrn, cifii i i i ^s uwff? n ffi itew
1 l i i n i f fa^ t ? f ? Siiuwcn ufte fii m i

nci? m i uen i f m wu f. fieu.
f w t t ' T f i liitees?
?nc?wirt?iit (ttf'I-f?TU') I m;m i f l , I c? n

Itfui m tm'^r f?fitt
l i i t c a
M f ? F M im i n fiim mten mitnt? It icn Sm itfi^<3 fi??i v a t 2

c ? i ifie?tf%5 i f ? ? I E N (iiu-t t f ? R M ) I t i f M c?, i . If u n ftei turn vs fstm Hie? 'Situ-t flic?
i l l I t e i ? C I mmmfi i u Fff?i f m , uttcmi, fim ^ men iei mffli n mitm m mtent

f ? u f , ? f i u m trtfi fifiu itfien I f i f liit n ifiuflen I
t n t f f i i i c m
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Contents
( m ) t m t i i t f i
8b-8 (im) t n t t i i t m
.A. ifif Itfin iiiiw? %5m mw Hfi tim ift iitm cit mimi? fiH mmci mmu ti^lti'
'mf?
m m f l c n i f n t f t i c n u m m n f i c i u mtfiu tntiei if??tcn" m (58:8 ofe) 1
i T c i c n immi i f i e i iti mten fc^ nrni itc irf f m fci ffit iitfii f ^ ff%im^.?if^, im fm?.?i
lift? iHir i m m s m i f c l i r c i t i i i?m. n t nft
itfiTi
m fit-iti'-'fl ntfii fc-'fiiif nt f m ? mfcm i
isimt'miii ititit cn i i 8 i i fii u f l f e i i 5 t m i ite m ficn (miwtfm-'S^ji)-1
?ifi?m W I T Hfi mtt i f ' j i t i?m nt
fi?- fiew i t e n
fcn cmc fiiTfm i^t i f n fim c-^ti?jiHi n, mm
ie? ilf?ji i t e i c n i c s f fiH n I
V3 ciiiti-ifi5cn i H m ^ a ^SCTI ien mt 11^ i m
. imtgf-c fwircn irifii ifH ffit mm^ i e n i
ifiitm c^ftfiei mmtf? Sfii m%m-fi mft f i f m m
8 . fiifinf fc^ HH m t m irf itit Hien fi?f5
Itme? wm mien i m iflt mm?i fn
1^
nci tt?t cn ritimfcicnmr (im wmt)

cit f m cititi
n, mien.fimt if?e iten mt n, Hfrr

i n 1?
tsfe fimitm fiiifn mt f m mc? ilfei

f i f irvaitm
i s n i f i ^
m?f ?Pici I
m tm'^ tfit (mit" m m f ) '
?m mfi cm mci men i

ititit
ft. ifl mtent m t Hm m'mf (g .)-n wm

. f f^ m ^ a i f fH i t
'Smim"-t fim mtimM-mm'ti fwnm ifie mfici n ^

i f f ?
m T f t Itwm 'Smtit' cWte

fim mîts! i n i^fie i f l ^ t f ts fitit fin
V3 i t i - c i iîe im
imtmflcm
isfic it
ifnt wâm fie mfie? ( m ^ a m i t ititm) i ifH

mi'mitci intern ifim
h. w i t U i i t f iif?Ttitrm HH if-n fj? ff m
^
fim n tire itc c?mi f n it i? i
m m ' m i t f e i ? fimicmiT
I f i i i - n tfûH fin
n t isFii^
i^rfc c i i ?5f?en
1. i t ? m i m ftn *[ I t n f .(fim ftfstf, ffie? liin
i
n , ifiu i t i ^ tit 3iei itmr mt
mH i cif?)-ii m fitmm men i i itwm ^ irH vg I t n m i w i m
(1imt'a?lf) I
I t i t n ? fi?i:^;W?ir ien i -flt fmr mtai 'tl^
n r ' ,
ircn memien wm.fitei n H cmmfimflen i Iffim
hr. i t m m r f f e i imfw i f i m m mitm rm i i i i fn fH,,;|ew inewmfic? n t cmm?

f i f
m i e n I : . . - . Sn memi imtei (tim, itfi, ititciM3 mew m m ? ,
fe. mm fi mwt? n f iifmtitc|rmitcn mfi?itit if?cf nmH icm Hciî ?m ife? irfit
?5e? i t ^ m
f n n f ? , mfs mwm f ? ? i f e i i?ifw ^ n t f i c n i mimf),i 'mrêi? iimt mcit^'ifm cii

(vamnf cfcsj
io. fiwen n f i m fitm i??if? ift

ciifvam
if?ei I iHâ iicm fii, fa .liiimm iHi? . f m - i f ?
m^[fl iH mnmm men mtcmt itHi-f i m mffi n H

itfmi m
,eif5 nt fHm f m m s m .im ite?
mtmHcn (im^rn; vamtt'tTtH) fim wm ftff|i..icn mmH itc? fiet

r
tin i, t m it.
A 8 . f m-iimt i A8'b/'b n i^r^î l t d m e n miteiic5 if?e Itci m

i.itmci^ SnSHc mtmini.in
(Itifm)
ititm i c n I cn
n l i%oo4 i ? f t i m e i mei, ii sHm n itittm, cici ifi
cm S n ?fi?t,m'w' fH itie??
m i c f ? m t i f i e i n 'sf? mm i n fn i. ms? ffwm. SW ifim ficn nt

itf
iei? mm i t ^ iH!tcn.-ifii im
fimfli ii mtf i 'sffî^ i t e n S n
1 f i i n t ifien 1 Hsmt mmfii itm mfici tfm Sm Sfk 5i
f i i
citm eitm fn ite i i5?5H fe? f? fH j f i m i c f i i if?ei(im^m) 1,

mgn d i m f i t e i f f i , n e i - i t i f c i ? n t m m f i liiim ?iiinic& mtit. iftc fim ijt mm'mcf fm,
inmr ^te mm mti ^ itimt mf timti mfîcfi i itfim wfm ' m f m f fifi?tcn
mtfiTi I t c i c n m m
miiemes? s ^ fie?n mm m n i c n t n t f i t e i n , S^ mtiic n mi

i t m r n
i ! t ? t f | i i i mtm # n mn â m m
mnimn i cm cm tften Htm mm i t (m^-m) i

Ititc m
rm t i i - n c^ftn V3 mftm m fll iflt n, m afH.iHva am fii nt

I t f i n Itcicn. iirei f m i f ? fH
"mmfm-'mtf? fmei "iwtfm-tim' ficn i

(?) n icst i m i i i i _ i f i c n , . f i f m t wmfrnf ? J t i i n
mT
iflim ?cn, mtm mtm .cifnitci? t i i m fimst lfl fifimn ^ Hmfi fk^ iiri .if?ei
f%H f ? iii:
nfimei tiim Sm nm .nfic mftci tmtiei" i n, mrt mfin men ien n, im fin iirei iflim f m ?
m tmti tnti' 'mti^m-'mlfen

V3 i l l ( m mtH mH mrm mfwT irfmi mim,
citft3i)-ci Hf?5m mf ' m f
mtm^ fien m Hifn i? fH iflt ifig mtmiH m n m i r ? 8 i e m n f i i t (itm^ms) I . ,

mffi
fitm if?ei s f n lie? cim wtim''fiim (ui^m) i iflim
fiSm ifiu fifii? itsmti fwmm ie?i, f ^ ite? 13 f ?
t m f fiitem
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Contents
8\rQ (ttA) t t A f ^ tffA
(?ttt ftMo C f ? ftMr? At ? ftft fftcsR, W t e ? caAt <[ftt b. t?RtRt S f n - t t f f A C^roft) I
tt1?C5ft ?C<#;<|-ll5-$W?<Jft (Wt?>a?lA-t^'pn^) I tiAfAlttA \. tRft?^'^-'wt?Rt?r? ttttft ftf'fR-ttttg? 8
' S T O tAt? liffAtS! ftR ftft A t W f A WAÎA # ? ? f t S l ? f S f f ? ? Rttf?Ct? tettt tAf? atttC?? Scttl AT?? A t ^ t C ? I
mi i A W i b - f t i - f t A RtCR ftSR3lR WAÎA AtAt At? I tAfc CRt RR^ Atft^' RIftR A t ? l C ^ CASft AfAf
. CAfSfAt t t A iRRtM ( A ) f f t ftRlftm? f t A C t RAt? ?tf'S'R-ttTOR Wffs, tlllC f t f t w At RRfl AS SM? I
WtltA? f W s ? l i t f ^ RS|Rt ftCTO (Wt^T?5'R-Rl?lfR) I tAf f C t f T O ?t?Itt'R-f^? (St? R l t c ? W t # ftC5 ASttt)

A b H i R f l ? R t f t l R RtCACA? Rtft R t f t At?1? t ? t t A S^?Wttt<af?#t AtStC? (tAtf; 88) I
t R R t % R ? # ? ? WAACt? R?,-TO-R?Ctt?R t A a t t f ? mi V. T?^'R-Wt'GAt? t ? t ^ ? t - t A t f ' t ' R - T O t t R S

RI'-GAT ftiAlCt? W ? I ^3?t?s-ip i t ? t t t ? mt. t f S f A ^ ^ t A l f "t-fttRt* (88 '},) aJc^troScit ?tA?tC5 I RtCSttaiCl?
afttCt? fC?tt ?5?t ttR I tAt? t ? ^ tA1? A P t t R ^ ' f t t J t tf?5?ftf5i
' W t f t t t C t ? ^|RRt? R l t l t ^ 'Q?t:^ ftf fttt ftctttC? 5. 'Wt?tft 8 tAte t t l ' a S c f ? f?t??f W AtTOA,
ScatCAttT I R^Ct^t SAt ftA?it 8 Cf?R lilfAtst ^ t t ^ÂtC5, ATOTC? tAf, fSfltl I
i. A T ' ^ ' R - t t A t f ('Wl?ft), t A fftA^ tt?'t ftf fttt 10. ft-?t--t Î^StftR ( f t ? f t ) 8 5}C^ qR f????f R t f t l t
R t t t C t t t T R C A TORTOA R t ' atIftItC? WtttC f t f t t t ^3 WtATO tfct? I C f A R attR v5t?jt? t t A t t t f ^ aftt? fC??
WlAtf? ttf-TO RlfTO I tAfA ^ W?T1? I R - s T O ft^ff'
(fJASB)l
A t t i R TO t A f ' ^ f T O fTf'^-^Ttt?RA a f t t t ffwtftCTO 11. ftRtRt-t Rf?ff SRt? Rtf?IR WT5;TO TO tAlA
mi. A t f t ^ t ^ ifWAt A t f t ? f # f t r oTO?rct? " W t R - t t A t f f W t ^ ' R - R I R t f f t atc^ t A l ^ Scat f l ? ? t C ^ I
ft-ttftw W I A t f t A ? t f t ' R - t t ? t f " I <ilt f f t f t WatC?'S iA. RtARtft. t R R f - t f ? ( W R ^ f ) 8 t A t '?@ AtSiCA I

a t f f f ^ AtsiCA [ w f t f f g. Brockelmann, A t . , (tAtC <^f%S R t ^ f ^ t A . ( R ) - T O SOACt t?C?tR t t A RtCA?-'^)?
f A t t t R t ? ? t t t t t R Rt t f t ? T f A f ^ tttrf=1 tR mi <ilfi^ R t t a t t S R T ^ f i f t t t mi m^ f T f t R t Rtf?7t W t A T O
f A t r o ft-ftf TO t1TO tft?C f A t t f t - f t i f f 5;pnR TO tftCt? att?Rt?, ?Rt? Ct^tf? ffftj^ ff?t-EA f f tr^
t?)]i
fft ^ttlCA I t ^ ( f f t R t R t ) ^ f?Cf? f t t t R l t T t R t t I
A. tfi?Rt^'R-tTO ( S ^ 8 Rsra WT?t-t f t f t t t tWAtCt? f f i R t fttC? f f ^ f t fRt R-sTO ftiff AtRtR

WfAift^-ia? a t t t tCt t?C?t?t^5Rf Sf ?TOt ttAf A t f " R - t t S t f TO m^ f ? t R?fRC? a t A t t f f t s t t ^ C ^ H 1 t?|,et? ?'STO
atC^RlfiR AtSlfAt I <ilt at^f^ TOTt?ft RRtfAf Rltlt? fg St? tt? tC?WCt? WtCaptt ?ttt?t WtCR tt lit R?f5t?ft |?t8
At?1 a t f t f f AtHtCA I t??TOtC?? WtTOC a f t t T O RT?t' t??S f t ? ? t CtS?t A? t i A RfCAC?? f f t t ? ttl Att? AftAiCA
I I
TTRPf-ttRTt, t t f t iV8l -^.-lil fRttf^ I t r o t ? C ? # fStRt Rttsit RtCAC?? R t ^ tSJ CTOtt t ? t t f R f R t f ^ t i A RtCAC??
Rt'SRtft ttAttt 'Wtft RSA i W 8 atftt ft??tflca? I ftft, tft S A I ? f ? t ? ? f Rtf?7t R1CA?-t ?tR?t ftc? I
? t f " R - t t T O ^ - T O fA? W I C t ? 1?Ct?t!3ff Sf fSttt tt'SRfft sr^t#t 8 (i) ftRtt At??t ftARtft, At?t-t -tt?I?tA
s^tm ^^T1? 'r?#?''R-tt^3TO' RtCt ^ t t t S l t A C t H I (Sf), ftft iVS)o j. ; ( A ) R T R R t f t l t W t A T O TO, Wt^t?5'R-
O. R t ? R l A - t t t t t ( f t ? f t ) [WR^^fi 8 tTOt-iiI? ttf'illtt ttttftt (Sf), iR R?. f ? f t ; ( o ) R^sTO ftiff A t R t ? TO,
R t C f fffsf ^ trttf tC?ttttft fftft I tAf lilfTO Rt3i^ftt t A t f ' t - f ? t R t ( f t ? f t ) , f R f S i A W ft., 8ib t.; ( 8 )
A? I tAfA S f ?Wtt'S a f f r t ^ A t t t C ^ 1 C R t f , WffSflfR-'SsjR ('Wf?ft), f t t R iAS)ftft.;(ft) W t f S A t A - t
8. ^tri^'R-AI^' WTR-RlftA: ^ WtA'ftftf-RtlAT ?t*t- ^tRt^t (S^, R t A f T O f ? i o t o ft.; (b) f A t t t t Wt'?t<t ttCAtft,
R t f t A ( f t ^ ) [ W R l f ] 8 t A f a t t t T O Rt?t' f t f t A , ftft t?tftt-t 'Wt^TO W t A t Rt^3?lt?A WtARtft (S^, Itft iVii
iAS)\ ft.-C Sf ?wttRA a t f t t fRttfiR ff I attJt 'SRtRt'? RtptA iS)i8 ^.; ( t ) ?'STO ^3?tft?5'R-RtRt, ÎCf?
Wtt Ct, t f f W t afTTtTtC? t A f A ^R?t? S<5R Cft? t t R ? f t , 'SAtRtttS'R-iSATft? 'WtRt l f t f t - ' R - ? t f t ? ^ ' ? -
t f t ^ A A R t t lafff^t^ftSTO J>^so^!J ft-C f ^ A t t A T Wtt?lff?T, ?t#? ( f t ? f t ) ; ( V ) Rtt?Jt 5AtTO 'Wtft C??Rtft (Rtt?Jt WtA'TO
f?ft f o ? Si;fSftlRA a t f t t f C ? I tfct? fff?t), A t t T O - t W t A R t f ( t t a f t ) , iAS)ift.R?..; (S))
ft. t?RtRt t?tf C?tft (ft?ft) 8 rfft?t^'R-tTO-'il? Wt'tt? 'Wtft RTfft, R t ? ^ ? t ^ ' R - f ' w t t t , ( l f t t - t WtA'Rtft
St? Rt'GRt?t f t f R - t A l ^ tiAAtAlft f f t t ? W t t f t S?nt? RtCt tTT) (ft?ft) tf^. t t ^ t?ttWtRC?; (io) ?v3?R
fc?? I t t A ttcA? m 'S?kf SAf? S ^ attt? fc?? i ift v3?tft?5*VT-RfvaRt.8, ' S A t f l t WtAttft (Sf) tt. ( f t t t ?t?C?C?ft
f f-ft-'^, i A8 i ft. A t ? t t A RtCAA fWAtCt? S c n C t tASt?f2t ^ 5lCf TOvt??^RtC?? t ? f 5 ) ; (ii) R t t t l t W t f R - A l R t t 'Wtft

t^^f? cftCA? t ? t A f WtZRt? f t CtCt I lilt f?RtRt-ft RTffft, f ? t - t RtttTR W t A ' T O ttftt (Sf), i ^ A t , RtC?t
ttt^'R-AtW, i t R?WCt? RC5f at?5ltt AtitlfA'l 1 iS)OS) vj.; (iA) W . W . Hunter, T h e Indian Musalman,
tRRfft ffttCfR
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Contents
t>ivir*f=i mm
1 ^ ib-î f ; (ivs) ?tfm uf^,

iTUo-t mtf, m m ifeftft ?5cn I fii ? . n ??ei ffi 'itftm ifistsci vfiiwi f i f i f t
f; ( i 8 ) m m 'mtf, rmmt-t 'Smt'-t %T, mmt ifeis ifi ftfte? f f f I t ?5cn I mm itc
c i i f m s s ^ vg
f; 'J. i ' t f e ; ( i f t ) fitmm tm'*f=ivaimtft, ?timjm, mfime? ifim fif i t i f m itifii ifimmf:i f ?
wtH'it H%?tt C2tm, Hit; ( i v b ) m timf^ mtfm (ttnf Sm uf-? i m 'it vg mmfii fli i mm mc^vg ^
Sf) (|,*mi'f=i mfi tiim ? f F H?^, msf ffimti,

tue^ mmifi ftitc? mft ien i ^mici? ie*ot ffi
I t e m itc ntfi) I finti-n f i f t f ? cin Uiu ifiifi n cit i? u

<smm m f f i f i ? ( I t . mr.
t.)/ itg; iftifitm ^ 1 ? mtf m f meiei Su ?u ?sf?u ciu n ^gmc? iif i m itfifmi
t m m T ' ^ m m ( L i _ ^ jî_,î) (itrvb't-is.oi f i

iren f m i i i ie? ?twrt-?ru mnm, 'mt?p[m-iti" itfii,
t?twtir I'livam-t-ffi, ^gif%fci? f f ffi I mt i m , fieiiie? m v a f i - f i i m - n i m nten ift
i im
f f i
mmt fm f i t m f i mm fi-wm iwim ^ m mfn ? f c ^ mm n n t mtu fi?fire? m ? m t fn-'fl

flm I ffi flcn 5tm (Trabzon)-n mfnrf nt itfiif . ?nt iiti ?#e Itemt nu vaitfiS?-5itmi?iuem?>fr
tm mu?mi mu ifm f f f un ^nrn cmi ien
il1isf1 iÛI f i (tn'1-mrfl m f i mm, son asir
i
itafii ifitsH? mfimtit fn mtm^ Rwf^ vg mniff i

Turk sairleri, tm|1. i f e v s o f , i f e v s o f , i i , i n ' i - ' i b r )
i
timti m mtcmfi ftitn f f f it,
tnf'^ mtm m I t l ? mrci f m mtm mrfiif 'm'tmi ien fifi mmfi fie mii 2rncn mff^n m
I t m vflim i f i
Itm I i b - b - o f f m fim tifmi ifici t m t i mtm fiim? ifim, n m ffuu ? f ? mcmimt nfi
f m ^ mmn tftipr 5 f i i t m i 'mm cn ^ nffi? f f
vg
I f m Sn vît mfii
f n f m ^ i c 5 i f ? mfff fft I C ? m tm mifii
4Rvo|vQ^ ? ^ -fic? f f t m n va
fiei?i i?if nteimtci ficiitn imufi

ficn ifim? 2tfiH itmtci i tm fim mm fitci -fiun I f i f Sue tm '^fj? n iitfi mfimti ? m i
mmf<
'm?f i i ? f t?t fim cn i tm ^ mmn tmici Seifi= ituei m fuci nr?m ummtm, mi?fiei
va
ifmm ?tficn mr ffiut m^'i-mnt S^ funic? mtuHms va uwCUi f % i m mtftmiei? nmiuu?mi

ic?i ifm? S f 4 itu mt?tfmi mt ftitc? f n i f f i ttitn iff% ifiuei, ficnmn tm ?f^
i b - f e o f cn ifm? itl ifim n fiificn mr m
?sfi 2ff%^
ifim mwtfi (mfiuen mfeui) uu iUm iitHci m m

f i f c i Uff mn I msn fH fif^ uufii fiutic? iffim
Hm I U f f ? fiug mtiuc?-vii (fe mt ififit, i v f e v s ^.)
fim m icn i f f i mf mw ncit f i m ifiuficn i f i f nt fif^t if??f va itcitfitn wtm-n
mf5c?t tm f tifnti icn n t ffi fiew um ?Trfic
m ' m i ^ m
twfm ( I t i o f t , i v s v s o H.)-'fl iitfii 1 ? i Sm

m ^ n I cuiffm mm f f i fifSfi (]vi5rtiiene) f ifci^ nc?? mim va f i i m v^fmm? n H i f ?tsfnfi u i
i n f
fi^mi mifm i m n tmici ini ?5cn i f m Sm ifim miij 8 fH cmm mciuci fsHm uf%ml' itii
mi-?mm wu, mr cun itfic f f i C 5 t t m i ut, itffiu ifim uun? i?tmf fH wim?miei Stfff ifim i
vs^ ffim fitci v i i i w i icmimwi uf^ 'ftitc? fsfm ic? i fH mm fim fffntwen, f < n ? ^ n i ciifi?fw
va
c i f i i (Gedik) itm Uftc tm i 1 f f l I f l ' f i t ? t cm?w; fH 'S'Sn^f%ei ciu ftun imfi iHm ; fH
nci itci fim S m S n mnt ii fft u u it i iftm ?jf^n?ei fiitfi iHm; fH -î icui ifim
t i i J t t i I t u c i ? I (ifeov f Itfiiten i??f ne? c^m tint i t m i nwi fifit ^fm?en f^rmni irn?
(Berat) fifs^ nwi mieif? cfft-?l iuiian t n f ^ ifim wu ; n C I ifm i fH H wm ? T f mu
vfliwi
mrm va mui it?vaut f n mvafi- fii?tii n cn ! fitu cmuei mum irmf imei mft ifiiten,
iUr fsmfiieirf f ^ cue?? (Boers) fiwen weu mfun fH Scim i f ? m ; cmm iftitin wnntui? -iH ifiitci,
^ 1 1 ifie ^ ^ T j m u c i m ien I f m r f i w ? um-?mm fH Su Scim ifim; finfiii nen me<? fifura mwi
^gfimfim m m i u ifiu mfe vît ?fiu t m ?Trur
ifiUci, fH Su Scim ifimti; ? f 11, cmuci nen n
m ?#c i?ti m C I , nt?r" mwft f i t c i ? f ? ? ^ fim m m ifiuei, f i f fH tu Scim ifimn i fH
v^t
fucn fill leum iiten wut ifiuficn i fitenci fifci? fimeimifieiii uf? Sn mitfim fim, u|t?
cimm iHu m u iciei fiitien Sm^ tile? tit un i m i H n mm? ic u n i s^tcmn, win f ?r,
1? I t i u ' ^ I t m fimei f i i t f i n n t um iffi cmm ien fii mitu fifH fin ftun S,n -^fin i"
rnnjû n j u ivam n ?n? n i f e o i f f f i tifnti
icn I ifii; I f nci tiu'^1 mtm 'mt?fm-iTfiei Stu
t i i i ' ^ mtm tm i n if?t?s^ u f - ? uwf'mt -^fim nw i ^ n m Hn utut ficn (Itfii fi?r Smsfifii,
f'mfn nt n ? f mei ufi^ fnm u n itifife i?ii K i r k y i l , tmif ifevovb 'sj., 8 1 , ^ . ' i f e ) i tm mn m^
t n f fiitem
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Contents
t m t i m f t 8b-q t m t i i t # mn
S r a i w f i T i f i s t m f f S i i r m n mm^ i s^t mmm^ fiew? ifim

T5?i ifim cm n?i iHc itc?i
valval v^vs.
trm i T f t m ff%e U w -mt? 'it'ffti' ^mtit ut I c?uc?t 'flt?ii iftuci, ciuc?t ( f m) I t u e i ?

i f i s T t c n i f t f s i f i m (mti m S i t e i t s t s m e imttiiii ?5fi? itiei?tf Heiii fsu ?sf??rreii
lilt 1
mus iu) mt i^h<\ f - n fti-fw fcu? cititftft lit ^ t H mcu m^-fHiif'i-f?u vs rni-uifiutf'i-f?u
n m T i m figtmn fHiiit i . t i i iflift ifiim mf4 i ^
imtn ii-ift a Hb-'ios fii) fif^
(fVS1TC1? ?m 'eumi?
m*imii irmifit mt 'mn'i-iiftw? fim; fifi fiu ^mf^ i u At^R^ I liitsfic iH f ? U f ? T m mcu i i t i
i t i i ? fiirt im wrmint m Sfu ititfii i 'mi^'i-iifti ifiuen I iiitfic ?fi?tei ?uu, ?f? n l i f i i vs
f m itimci fft citirftftn frftm citi:^ ici cm? meitHi f5mi#r tntei? -^fîtfiivflit i^Hcu vs ? f ?
ifiir iffiitflcii Hm Sm m mif iftitfli i t n r t i ? f 5 ifiu I fif f i u f

m m ? i , firm (m)-'^?
1??
mt S ^ fsnci? mtrm ffiit ?c?ii#^ citncnfiit mfnt' ('mf)-ifl? i H mm i i i i

i i t m vs ? i f t m
mi. f l t m iTv? ICUT ufiftti ffffimi uimcii

vs
?m?fc mmt fHi m in m t f?m
1 iîtsHvs 1?
>&ufcui 1 U I itct I
'Jf n cim ICU ?4itîi mc^^ci? itUt
Iflt
t i u t i mt fiififi iitfi i m f ? mir s 't?t

(5)
f i111f uiiici^ fiei? Sm^ cifm ifim
Ifltuei
tiu mt, tmii ioob- H. (titc fm fim uiirfi mm^mei I cit^H mm HH itucnmtmrfwi
mitti
lfit'sfivs W f s ^ ) ; U i ^ - t ciU, (Maghdure-i

(A)
m mtuI ciicig Mitl mutu vflt fiut imifii ifiei?
Sevda), tftfi H.; () f=J1f tmfl ioob- %;
5ob-
i p i fn I
(8)
n i H flcn
lilt U v s i ^ (f.), itfiw
m m
cnfiiir, t m i i 5051 f t . ; (a) u^sfii-t ciuff fimt, tiufi (f.) i f l I t m t i m f f liutn i f ' vs icm
(m^ fg ifir m rm f ^ r m m i m? t m c i i n wu ut^vs titnt fmen im miri?êi?1 fif ifu
n c i ? S i ? ?f5), t m f c i f t . ; (b) tin-t i t ^ t i
5\s5A
f vsun'? Cii uuie? i f S F i u ituei 1
tiffi, t m f i f t . ; (H) f t i f i ? j f [ f m mr 'mf

5Ab-
i f i f s fvsuen i t w i ciiei? f n ' s ciUl
vflt
mfi (Aiûz) f i f i S m ffim n l i ] , t m f c i io^b-

Iflift m m f imei fi??i iiuut mei 1 t m mtm mrim
ft. I ituri u f , 'mfi? firm fit?f firm m-itfitti-;
ifif s t n t t i f i - i u , t n f ^ itm, tmii
(5) tit imeue iitfi ^stmtfli (m. H.); s The i i t i i
ifew f;(A) ufii fiu SitiHfii, f i i t i , t f t f i Ministry of Culture and National Guidance.
is>^
81, Hi i.; icit? Uftl U l f n ,

(vo) uf?im,
iflfiff U. Rizzitano (E.I.^)/ Item Ufi
tmFf is> 1-, tf-; mtcu 5. m v s f i - f i i m - ' f l ? S i ? mntti t ^ * ^ mifft (UiL ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^ i _ ^ i ) s
*rriT
fici? i ? n ^ c?itcit t n r t i itmci i t i i i i g ftirc? i i i fiif? iH u ^ s f f ^ I mr?t îHti imf? ciei? fiei
vs
lUÛCll fiif? wtf? wti if?u cmm wu mun ufiu

CWUC1
Fahir Iz (E. I.^)/ d U C I f l t m m fiucn, fitcn mui

t H wn cimtf, i^ras
1 t m
^n^l'Sr^mt?ft(^^-^ j _ , r i . ,i) s fiift? i f i m mumte 1 t m t i n i f Sif ituflen fft?

(iVbrvii-iiSxi-vo f); im !|ft Sim mf Su?u m i t mHi? itei itfi 'mm f f t f f t 1 i?tf f f t ? iH
vs ?5?rf i m
fnfm, m u m t ^ j i i t i * i i ? f t i t c f m mii fH smw cuiteui itufn i n fH mti fiie? mun cii

1? i fm" ituici? ? s vfstci; m itifiiit? mm ifnrn wu Aix-en-Provence-'fl fiUflcn i ffi ibbH
5s>5o f
m ?m it'jff i i t f i 1? f m f5T? ic? 1 mm mtl file? ff It if?u fime? fifiu men 1 ffi iiei
'ciiftH'ifi (iiufi-mitf), ( f v s m , f. ib-vo-^ftv) m - m iTtfweSt fif?? n ; .n menwt^m ii?
f m
w f n , tu vs mttif? fusum mi fici? icucuci? n ( i v f e v j j - S ) ^.); mititei ffi mtl laitie? mtm
ufim I v f l t n itci?icuiHi?f?tc?tfiit?fci; vfltsfi? dst fifi? n nt 5S>A\5 men )>b'm tf?ei tifiii
m
ftH?fim Hciimc? Scaicuu 1 cit fci? i^fii?f i i t f i i icn I

mtc?i vs c?iiri? n iimf ifiim v^H îim itcitm I ui neit t m t i mt?f? mu ifm i i t i let 1
iHl m m t f U t i iT?f f m cfici ?fSm m i itiW? 'mtvsf'i-ituf?H'i-fifH?i" i m mmfife cm i m ??ci

mi mmsiH m m ific i t f ? ? t f | c n ^flt ?Ttu?H mii 1 cfien mteH i i t i ien tit m?ii mfmi c?,
i m 1
cm ?^f41C11 m m fici? 'ifrnimc?t i t Seal i u 'ifim f l l nw itutffn m t ; ufi 'mrûf

viit m
i c ? t w i c?, t m t i mt?f mfiuti 'm?f ifim ?m? f i c i ? mici? mfiiti mirie^ i H ffi c? amfi flcn r m
f r , i ^ flcn I c m c m n ? fH im fiew? i f i m m t i - mit ??eit Sm i i t i iftufli ciinttiSi, m^fiiiuf 1
^ff, mti-fsRm^ vs vsput^g 'm??tf ifim? ^-uf?H isfim Itmci" Sif iit ?1i? n c? itmei' ifu
t m f fimem
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Contents
8b-br
lt,?lH=i ^Klt m, m uHitf^, itUtwi vs"

S m 5fe5v vj. i n imf miten n finf uii itemtei
wutift f ^ mjff tfi m i m I m t m t C U i cn I 5fe5fe % U'l wifin titc<> UfSt f c i f i i t n
Wf m r ? m f i w mm i f i w i ulii Ht m m t cusU 1 ? I vsufi nei itH l e w l (Peace Congress)
f m Ifm ufis ifii itufli I
2 t f % f i cuiiten ifU cfsu n i fH S^ iffiH ici? iui
f m i m i c n citi f m n if^sf icui ifiuen m r f l c n i i i t f i c i if^fifiui? icu ificu?-cm fici
m-Sicufitcu; il?ft flcn vfltiiim fieuf i
t m t i v s ? t i i i % i ? ufi? imf Siifl; if?u H-^^f ?i?cu fifiu
f f i f|emfu< cUcifii w m i f i i eit nen ffi I t e n ivsuii itH i t i f m f ? n n f n cit fm
fiien firfantft ifwf fu^ t t i J i e * ? ift cimi I C ? I cim n itc fH f i i f ? uwff? ci^cn vauii-
iisf itcifci uff ifups fien i - f m f m i f u m fieuf nifSiuuf^^ iHin 1 5 < i i ' ^ f c i ? cmuiesi?
'Itif"i-ilfici I I U t m citivs %^ i i f liuftci Hft ii?ci nt fif umtm fH ciftf? ffiit u n
Snff cm I cii, ffi vs miffi fn
I t f u m f m ien I lilt cmuiesf? icit i?<fc fin T t f n t i t ie?
I t e m ? fimf I m f i SiU m m i ^ item ^
f m nt 5 f e i v s ^^^sten itH?fi ?f^ i ? i m S^ emu vs itH?ti
Sn f l l f^m ifuu vs S ^ uen nutif S?ftt vs?tiiiftcn I t c i iiicuu fn u i vît n? itc
f i m f m UE ifiu icfi itUt f ? cifi fli i t m i f e S v j j v j . m ? iicn f? i w fiî^fe f i i e ? ? i l i i t n
>ik mei CI, ffi iien uftU ^ i H ifiu ficn itmit ifium? i t c s i v s i t i i i f ff? ift f i ? n i t i f i ific
rnimfifiem 1 ? I vsuiiiftcn Heufium vs titen imu ?m ifnt?
i f i f 8 ifi? f f T i i n n n ie? i t i m i t m n I t e w fH utrnHf, m H ciUUftfa ?T?m ien i
ii (5)tmfmi iitfi, Itieu i f e v a v f ;iuiitn lilt Hew? wut file?? ?tsfSifi i m fH viiiwi fifi
Hfst ^ ifft? ffiit nteitnt? ffteitl itc f^mii ; u f ^ i iHi^ n I iltifl Hcina fiUc? tm ci'UtH
( 1 , vs) f l , ItHi, ufi? if uitfii*i-fiuitf'i-itufi?if fn, HH Sm cuu f l c n i
(A/51) s m - U f l f f 5Voo-5fe(2-(f f (2??; 5S>ftv5j (. <^08-v5J, i f e v s o vs i f e s v b v j . -^tu? t m t i Hfi^ fiien fitm
vs 'Sm Hit ?ii-iiit if f'wtf'i-f'itflfi, ufiii iflf It ien 1 ifimt fin vs fun vs?riiiffcn i t n
5vsi>5>/5fe(?i, iivifi-Hifci iitfi i?mfe i i ?
w-vs); itu ften i f t nst i f ^ itfim ic^tt? vsuiiiftcn
em U -Sisei? Segi ?fi?tei; ( 8 ) fitm 'mf'i-fiti uit? mei Sv| sttit? dticUi ^ iifi^m? fm Hnfci
Ifitf, Hfitfi-itm fif?, (2-1, meu >>h(tb >>ov-
f fitm iff? I t m ifif% i u 1 ? I- i f e v s i f. ct&ffim f f i
8% ((?) ' S m If^-Uff, H l - 1 t U H l - 1 t f l - , UtICU 5fe(2-o ifnt H^'itH?tn itcuif i t m ?sen nt.itiei t i f e i
f, 1 1 , 5 5 i - i f t ; ficn fii fii i t m f%^m fi??en
f m
n iltUei Hnf? iflfiti cn fll? u wifi? fli.u I fc6i vg
m Sell I U icuwi CI, I t i m uvs^ n^H f i cmuu Hie?? i u m m i mtHfi?ei? itew fcten i?f^
i m m Sn'f ifiuen (ifi-itvsHut, if?cu ifevs^b
ncufiit Itc ffi m n m i i ^ va^nTFtffîPT5 ajf^ -j^^rcs?
vsi, 55VS-V) r luiffcn n i l i m v s fH u i u i t ifie i n 4 n i
U. Rizzitano (E.l.^)/item Itfi 5fe8v5j 5J. mei itfiffti i??@ i f n ite^ c ? f i (Ernest
^ ^ ' ^ H n t # t ( ^ ^ j ^ i _ ^ i ) sfiifiHP^ Benin)^ H'l^t? I C U n H "gf^ m^fi n i fif . i i t m v s

uwffii vs u ^ f i i t m t i 5 v i ( 2 - 5j%ti Hie?? n
H ^
vsuiiiftcn fieufim it?ci t m U?tn m n ut i
Ht ifiue? miill ien i f i t vs utii f m S?t
t t i T t i t e smum? n g w vs i f f cicifiH f m
df? itntiei ^ ?#? mifm i t f i flcn i ?fwNi l i f n ^tc m n mi icn 15fe8v uei tmt=i H ^
Srnfntf ifiitti mmfiei? ut?
f m ittmw fH
tifnti ien i
imn ien nt c#i if^ liitfi ^^HiHcuf m ifcuiei i f i ^ s ( 5 ) t m t i Hf#f, fitfmtf, it?cu i f e f t o
cUi cn I 5brfe8 î%tei l u n i i nr^ if?u cien fH % ; ( 1 ) 'it?f'?-m-m m - u f t, itÛf mt i f e i f e % ,
I t t i imie? l i i i w i limot? uficf fic^tfw

fi^ i m t ? it?e?t ife8v5j vj.; ( v s ) i& c m , f it'itH'i-itûH'i-fifHuf;
n I fiw cuf vs ^rutcn iei, f i c n i f i u f m ifiuen vs le lf?eU i f e 8 i - ( 2 - i % ; ( 8 ) Mahmnd. Y. Zayid;
i n n I f nen itc? gs i c u ^ it ifiu i ^ o v '^^tci Egypts Struggle for Independence, Beirut 1965;
m iiitie? ftf iHcn-ufif i i i icn 1 5 5 i 8 . v j . ?mf (ft) P. J. Vatikiotis, The Modem Histoiy of Egypt,
uu mie?? i | f i t ? Hiif i m n u icn i fif fat London 1969 I
fH imtiicni A. Kelidar ( E . L V ^. n. U i i
t m f fiitem
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Contents
iTTSttM At#t Sb-Js, t i J i f w AT#t
^>|i||'rl ^ 5 : t # j ^ L ^ i ) s t m t tm"^ A i # t ^ t c ? S R f m c ? ? R A t R f C ? R mi WACtCt f S R t g ^ t f ^ t C ?

? R ? t R 3 f f C ? R ( t t A t C ^ t tAt5 R t t A ? . f R t f t ) I iioo/
'WtM, f # f f f t , W. l i l M f ( E d i m e ) - ^ M ^ f f t w l t S R i<!5S>i R t C R ftc?? f f H t ? S'*? tftfm S t A t ? fARte? f%ft
(Aydos)-'il. I t^JIfCR m w f ? t W 3 f l A t t R ? A t f t *R?7t A'SAtA tAR Xtlf^f^'S' AR I f ? R R f f f ? m^ t t f W H ^ t 1 ? f t A f ? f t t
ftAtW? t t s A t a liltAtrA A H l ^ f ^ ^ AA I tAtA Af5 I f ^ t f ' R - f C ? ? I C t t t t C ? m^ R t t g f t s t f ^ f l f f ? A t SAtC fft tAR
ft=#[Rt' ( T O t f t t R t t t g l t , t t t - Av tAAot R? A t t a i S t R R f f ? ? t t t ? I i i o V i'Âft >fRttc fft f ? R R
fstc3A s t f t S s R I SAP: f t A t a f t t A c ^ AtA t t A t ^ H H i ? t?fftR fC?R I ^ t t t t t f t (Tuzpazari)-? f ? f 5 fTAt?
f 3 i AtSTOf ^ t S t (Bayram Cawush) t f M S r i a t w t t t ? f tAt r^tcf t t f ? f ? t A? 1
A t A t r ^ I TTTL'Sft A t ^ f^HotS AtA M f f o T f t I f ? Wa tttt'srt A t # t f^CR? ' ^ A R l f ' W t f R R C t ? RC?T R ? t f ? f a t ^

A A W t tfA ATfAt^t AA I t I A A 'Si;RtA f t f f t ? S t W t t f t t t A ? ^ f w r c t ? W?7R I t A t ? ?f5 iob tlRt f f t f R RC?J
f f ^ R t C ^ s S w n f t S t W l i M - ' i l csrat W t A A lftA.tlTlTIA bo tt?t ^ R R , ? t f t f t " W t A f t ttt? I t A t ? A t ^ f ?
W^tf Wtft? 'Wtlro '^5tt?gf-At^ f t A l C f ATtW=t, l A f ^ A J t t f w t , t t # l f l f A ? W f w t l t f ? R R t t t f ^ A t # t Rttcgftc ?f%
WR?.ft?tlW, f f ^ f w t . I f f A, tfftA Atf^ W t C ^ I t A R A5?t?ft R A W R l ? f t R rtt? ?f5 I Rtftft?
AtATORI t R R i R t f f ? f t A R At^^pas Wf At?t m^ R f ^ WCtf C5=ItC?R W R S f t ? ? ^ A W t t t f t fft t f ? A t ? f f ? ? t f A C R ? 1
R1%gft tfWAt C v s f C T O I i o b - S / i ^ b ' ^ O RttR C R t t t ^ CtA ff?At tAt? sttt? t ^ R t t f t i ( i )TOt e a ? ?!^'R-?1TO, A f t f
ftf? f t f f t ? A f t U R i ffAc tif!?t t R ? f r a ? I iA'^'bft.,W t R - f ?WtC?? ttT mi RtC?t RlC?t f - f t f t f t A l t t J t ;
f f % R (Filibe)-'il t t R ? ? R ? WArt'f?t ff?At 'S^-RI? ft'i'ft ( A ) ^ tea? ? i ^ f - t t A ? T f t , t ^ t l p t iAV<\-VS> ft., W t R t f " f - f t ?
?tw*(tfti: ^^t#3ir? ? R ? 1 R f R R 11f? w t TTTL'*r=i A t # t c f ?ft? Rt^?tft? W R # t f t Wiet? >^fAJAttt M t ; (o)
f t ? tiif8?t1%?lt (Djilwatlyya) r t f t f t ? f t ^ R H f R ? i ft?t^R-?vA ? t f t # ' S t f Ofazidji oghlu) f A t R t c t ? ? M
tst|CR? TT^LL'Sft A t f W R < 3 ? ^ ' w t f a w ? f f t S R C t ? ^lAIAtfttlt'-^ t ? J A f l f i A f t A f t . ; (8) " t t ? A - t ttC=^ '^51131?"
f i R t t At^lfAt 1 t f f ? f t f t t?t t^^tf^lRf tt?RI R t % I ? RttWttt At?Rtt M t t A ftftg't-fft 'Wt^H-iiR t t C R t t t t - ^ WfAtt'S
f t ? ( R t T O ? ? ^ W?!?? f i R R , l A T t t 'WfSlA, ? f t , AtffW ttf, t^tlR iAfto; (ft) fRc=ift5i|-t M>l5t<t>1-t M ' S t t f f A J t ,
<3 W t f fRf^t arÂttw 1 ftf? f f t f t f w t R?ftf?tjt>s 9m S ^ l f t f t înm ^ ttAtC t T O ftCW? ^ C t A l f S t R t C ? ?
fC?? mi v i l f t t t / R O T ^ t ^ X f ? f f t ^<Rft (g.) ? f ^ ?^ # ? f t ' Q ?fA?tC^, t ^ l l R iAS>i ft.; (b) f t T O ; RA m^ t e a
(S?ttai f T O t t f t ? ? I io\rb/ ib'{(t RttR '5ARH fttft t ^ t t f I R t , f t t f >AftHft.,t ^ t | R iAb-b-ft.;(H) f t ? t - t t t t f t ,
l<iftct? S w r t S R f c ? (Skopje) c s R t f i R R i t R fft at atc^ f f f t f # T O R t c M R T O ? T ^ f f ? ? t C ^ , t^StlR
f^'SttfftTt t f t f H lilff^ t t ? f t A stff% f R ?TO;.t R t i A S > o ft.; ( b - ) ^ f t - t t t f t f r o i t , t A t m-^ ^ t M Stctt
V[R^Tft " S t t t ^ f ? T t r f f??tA f R ? I 'OttHR f%ft 1? ?R? R S f T O , t ^ t f R i A f t - b f t . ; (S>) ftRtiWtTt,' t C t J f A t T O (R)-'il?

?Tfo W S t t t t W ? 'WtfAft' t R t C t ? WRfA^^t WSa^t t M ft'AtW R t M ? t ? t , t s t ^ R iA'bS. ft.; ( i o ) f f o t f R -
ftARC?? R T t ? f t W f t R ? 1 sifff?? f l A R f t g ' S A t H f t f f f t RtftWt, iiO^b/i'ÂS R t C R f R M tArg W S R t M C t t TOt
t a j At^ S ^ t f f S iSftAt lilttttRt f f f ? tAt? C S f f ^ f S R f S t t R f A (lilff^ 1R t t S p t f ^ ' W t f t f W t C f f t Rttaft-C WtC^, Rt. i8b^^^) 1
?b?t ft:?? (tAt? l i f t ÂltfCA'Sl tf^fRft? S?tA?t fAttC? f f ? W t s i f t (Yunus Emre) A 1 ^ A t ? ? t t ftAtft-t M ' f t - ?
g. A t t t f t t Rttaft? 'SttfRfT'T-ftt, R ? i S > o i ) I ( f t t ? P R f?ft5 f f f o t R t C f ITO Rsf%<3 ItT ftftS R s f R C ? ( R t W f W t C )

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m R I ioS>Vi'isb-ft RtCR ^ p R R ' S A ^ H f t t f t ? Stffftf?? f ^ s r ^ t # g ( i ) Brockelmann, II, 440 and S II,
t ? ftAtCf C R t t t f R fWR<3?tf?Tt t t ? ? t A ? s f t R fAttCA ?nw 6 5 2 ; ( A ) f ? R t f t -tfl?, t t ^ R t t t t R t t t R f ^ A l # t WtR-
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? R ? f t f i R io>s,(t/'i<!i\n) RtC5=R RTTOJf w f t ? f W f f % ? R t ? ? f t ioAS>ft; (o) c==ltf, 'Othmanli Mu'ellifleri, i t , A b r - v s A ;
.R?fC5? R t t i % R r f t C t t ? t f t t ' t R At^tCf tAt? (8) Mehmed 'Ali' 'Ayni, Isma'il Hakki Bursawi
tpSftfA fA2iR ff??t Cfftc A t S l R t 1 AJSi ttR?,ff?C f%f? hakkinda bir tedkik, tÊtfR i S . A V f ; ( f t ) ^ C5=ltf,
f C ? f ? R t W t ? T T ? fC?? mi ftAt? f t ? ' S i R R f t R f t ? t t t t ' i f t A t # t , Philosophe mystique, t J t M iS>oo f ,
RfA Rttn ffAC RttsftCR? ?ttt'SRt (Famagusta) t t ? (b) ^ tTO t t R t f f ? t e f t C t t t t l ' S f t A t ^ S R ^ ; (H)
(f?t RAftC? ' S A R t f T ? ? f f ? RRtCSftERt f f ? ? R WfTOtCt Ruhnevaz Deringor, Ismail Hakki Biirsavi,
'S^RR f t f f t C f C t t t t C t f t A t f t f ? t A t S l f A t ) I TTTL'SFT Hayative Turkee serleri, w s t f t f ^ t c ? t t t st"^,
AT#t f?f%^ wft?TC?<3 w s , t t ^ t f r a ? I f r a f ?5,-?5 f ^ Rtf?tC4 Turkiyat Library, t ^ R , R l 8<^ft; ( b - ) Mahir Iz,
t t R t f ftttCfR
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Contents
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tmti c i t m 1 i i t #
Tasawuf, t f t f i ifevife % , 5 f e l - f e i
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laifm cifim ic?i ntmgm iffici? mrncn iffif i? f m uu m m u f citiri m im m uen
I t n ic?i mi ifHHfi, ^ 1 vs fiSfii-uq m m cmtc?i impel ii vs cnfffi, t m t i citen Uen cm m i
flcn I m i itcii m t l ic?t i f e i o % ffi ^ i t i ^ m f m uHuHi SitH, ie? fH Uen m i itf fitfi
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VQ i l t i f n f i m iimfi mifi n i ffi srr?n 1 1 ? ififs flcn I i i i j f m uen i i t i fiH itit v ^ t
2tm lit tntfti mim mtt (5.) (ib-ib--ib-fevo)-i citftt nn?u fmm? f m nte? ufi it?if|i i irmt utm
' I f f t c i i f f i i c i fim i m I l i l t if?tf?w iji5 itfc? itfiitflen, f m t wren ci,
tîiti .it#t mf #11 itc iffti w t c ^ ^ f t i t e i fH Htifit? t ? f f t ft? ?^cn i t l i f i f i ftnm ifiilff
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i f i i t itfifiicn ,#imi imft l i f t ! itc m m 1
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flfist iitfi 1? g On dordum dju "asir Turk (tfcn fiuf T?i, ^ywrH vs ^roicn lutei fiew? f n
muharrirleri S Othmanli meshahir-i udebasi. Sn4if??fcn i
f m ifs Hcu^ f ^ iHit? f f f|i
I t u t ioo; it? tntti cucien uitmr ifuft 1?'im iffitie? I
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i f ^ it^Jitm H' n, i b ^ b r v -pm nmfift
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f'iffll u f I t f i f i i (Muallim Nadji Efendi) v s t f i t i " 5 ^ , ?5fit, iiw ?nt iH fim mteu^
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Bey) [ivsii/ib-feft] lilt i n f n ^ f i It^H^ f?Cf? 1fftI ifie itcur i t i
nteitnt? it?fSi ^tt uit m t -Seif5;,fii j tit? i t ? l tntti ciren f i u f ? ucuuff-Itl S^ ttc?f fiutic?
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U I f m fjfmt s t?tHf1-t Uit%,(Muntakhanbul- ifiuH fm isl 1? I vit icf item if^f?^
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feradisni meshahir) [ i v s o i / i i r f e i ] f f c i m i 1 ^ tin wtltf"i-fH mitft? itmii iituu # n i i vs i?m

mH ?i itui l u f Itftc!? I t i n , mH ?i mei 111 itu fiem f i u f ? m ireitfi fH i? i
t m
I t U i m f i C f ? I C U Chariest-Baudelaire's Les rm mu i? ci, îit cici fim it if?u if ^

Fleurs du mal, Elem cicekleri-n mm (tt!ff i f e ^ i nucf? ifimff ivsu utc? u I t fH f?^ nen i t n
f) i f e v s o I i c i ? f f i f i c n Hit l U f .ifiuff i f i c n icn I ib-feft 'f^ten m i ^ uci fci? fim i m ^ ufiu
w i f i ? ifiu ctei I cum 'jimt1 if?u n ifci mm itu f?c^ utm uici
i f i f ? ( i ) F. E. Karatay, Istanbul universitesi
H H ifi?im m icn i citucifei t icu cir?mi cm?
Kutuphanesi, Turkce basmalar alfabe Katalogu, u f i i t n t i i m i ' iHrm ifiei fiu Sif| n i ifnt?
Istanbul 1956, i, 183-84; (1) Idjtihad, ft.; ( v s ) m t n n ^ fitn fntw S f i ittn fiem fi?tf? iticw
Istanbul Ansiklopedisi f., 1tf?fS if, (S. H. Eldem); (fr? ien, f i f f m ici^ fircnei fu?? cm m n
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fifi i i ( i f e i i f) I iemi itu uffc fifiu men nt tftm ciuusf? iwific?i
Fahir Iz (E.l.^)/ i f i i % t l ien I f i f i m m cfft?utgn?cm cwm ufmm
t m f fiitem
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Contents
t i l Itl c i t m I i m f
8fei t m t i c u m 1nt#
ntim *tim n ^ cumn cunm Hmric^ i t i t f m f?ei? Segieuu itu let tm i n i t u ' m
I t e i m tint uft ien 1 cit
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wm c i f I f m m t u m n e i i t iffc mtitfien i ifiuen I is.i^ mei? is ci fH m t m itc fH^ it
ilii vfit fi^l>li f i d ' s 1111? it^lfli I
^îli lunti icn n t cit n? ? i m fcu H f?e^ itueu? wu
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m c n t f T t i u ufi n u m icuficii iiiei nmtci f?^ m ien ( i fem,
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i m VQ mK mp ftitei iHu ffie fien i f m n i ât itf citm Sim fiu imfi ien i cit n? ffi f?e^
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f u n mfU vs H<fen int mr i fiuf itu f n f7 l i t m? f u n .im Semij I

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fmfim ic?i I rniin fiHi ntew? mitu itili i f ? m Sieii cn i
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f W T R W S T f "^mt RSittW W t ^ 4R<!<I W R i t W f t ? T O Wf?t? lit?? tfcs^ ^ft ?5f??t R t t ? 2 t t ^ f C ? I

wtfk RT wrfft TOfN^f t nt ^wtfotj 1 f=f ftp tft ftt t t t l t R CAtet? lAt? ftcw? 1R Ate? w t ^ t t M
tft R W t ^ l T R ftfttt CtT^T f W t l R C t ? t3 w M fts^ feat? f t t e t ? ^ ? f t R f t A t t t f c t ? i c t c t ? A t f t t w t f t ?
ttfte? tt I... m ^ t f ? t ftftg ft?)? Ate fttf'^^'s smtt TOtCtt-WtT ? t t f t ? '^fAJ ^ i R ' ^ f f t t f tf??t? W?T tttttt
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tftjfl? f f t R WtJ ftf-ftWtCf tti?tc? ftftct I <[?tt t t ? I
te? CttAttt W1?^ Atftt t t t f t o ttftf tft?n ttRtt-tft'-iil? pftaf-Âftltj t t t t t R CAtet? fR?T#t ^ t t e ? w ? ^ t ^
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ft?l#g t?t 2t?#f A? I Wtte? R t f ^ A ? I tTO 'SFtft ? t R , A R t t W <3 i^ftAJ R t C f
Ri^ft >8 R i t ^ R ^ f f f t W S tttltAt CAtet? ft?t#? SttJA WoT^ RC5?, Wtt*ft?t?t I^n5l t f t R t t % R ? I Sw^tCR tR?tif?
RAttt? CAt ?se?i?sft t t t w w t t t i t i - t i w ^ t?,-^ tftm Rtfte! f R f t t RRteW? w i t tfAft, i^fAt <3 t f ? C5Rf?
Srit I tAte?? tcAF 'f?ftt?^ttwr', f ? ? % ct?4 twr', '^^sitc? ct WfCt? W f t A f R - < t f f % ? t f ? 5 ? tt^SAt At? tAt? f U R t
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ATiRictct? 1^ wtttm ftfttct? t e t i t t t ^ ' R - t t R ^m', 15f?C3! ? # <3 C f t t e r o RCtRR ti^?l(At I fft Cft? Cft? f t A C t
'CRt? C f t t t f AT trt tt? t f t f t ' TOltttt t ? C t ? CtAl t f t f t <3 w i t f ? f? c t t t t ff?e?, wt?t? f t ? \ s ?t c ? f t f f t t e t
>|V|<|?|f=14 'cWl?ft ?f|??|? R f t f t ' t i ? <3 tftJTsTAT tsc?? I 5m?l s t t ^ ff?e? I t t t ? A t c t tAt?. c f W A t t f t t
ftft fat? t t R t f fttrffi ?T tT'i?ttt<8ftiR5 5ft^5r?twt?[f?4 tt? I fft f R f A tRAtftCR I t t i J t f R t ? WtT???tCR f C R
T ^ - f t i ^ fttt 2t?e?? C 5 t t f c ? ? -il??: t t f t t t f C A RtsRt l i i w t ? t f ? t ^ w t e t ? 1 fft ^t3iet?ef c f t ? f R t R R f c ? ?
Ttt? '(At Ct^3At? Wte^tR? f C ? ? I f t f t R W t t t C f S s R t f t Wtf?C 5fftCR f R ? t # f?eW? t C f S Atc iSf ^ CttRtt Atft?
R l t f t f f t t t ? ScBfCt ftft ftrtAAtR, t C A 1?*?^, t C A ?5f??f t f s f ' f c w Atc c t ? I lAt? R A t t f t AC^T, R f R Rttt
??t, t c ? ? s T t ? , ' ^ ' R - f t ' ? , ' ^ ' R - W l R A t ' S J f t ? f ? tAr?fteAfR ttCf I
S t R C t ^ C t R t W t ? -il??. C t R t ? C t R t ^ , t f t 55T ftft^ f M f ? w t r o t i t t ' s ct1wt3e?tt f ^ ' ! l ? t f t ^ I fft ft?
? 4 C t ? ftctftt W1?R ?s?1? ? T ? t t s f b R C t ? C S t t f C ? ? I ' t ^ ' 'Q t t f t tte? ttf? ?lfAe? AttcR Rt I Rtf? fe? t t f t tte?
' R R > f ' C a f ? f ? f t R C t ? R C t T CRtTtt? ? Wt? R ^ C t R t ^ fffCR'S ?ffAC? ?tt?t? R R ? fft W t t f - f t t e R f ^
f f e l t ftft tAte?? R C t T CRtTt1? 2 t m RIRCR tt^tlRT, ^ t t 5t?f Rtte? I tAra wf5iRtt?c?tt mm ? ^ t w fifEfti wte? i
fttllR?, ar^tT? tTtft Stftft 4 C ? R 1 ft?lWt8f ftSi?fttTtftf^ litWt? f T O C t ? f S f ? ? StRCt^ fft tAt? RttRCAS RC5f litfft
RlRtftt W t T A t f A ft?^ ftft WtCRTR? t f t t t C1eRRTO?"ilt R A f t f SSRC? t t R I CttttC? Cft? f t ? C t iSf ftttf lAtCf
R?SR ft^tRT i j f w c t ? ScRfCt 'C?& C t t T t <ilCtlftC?ltR't^ 'C^'S CTORt' ?fR?t R C ^ t ? f f f C R fft tATC W t t t f t CAtt
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ctcaR I T t ? t cwat? R t f t t s t i S >a WiRtCt? ?et&t W t S C R ? 2 t W l tf?MWtf?e t t f ? ? t R f ^ A? lilAltsRf fitttRffC? I C?-C]^
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C?^ AIR f C ? ? I i S i A J s ftft t?fft f t S f t R R A t T R f t ^ 3 F f i t ? ? t f t t t ? I CttttC? f?ff C f f f ? CRtfCt? ?fR?t?
t c t ? W t T fttftc? <tfte?tftt f f ? ? t W f ? t t A ? I lAt? C t t WAT f?ft^ ? f c t ? w t t ? ttt f t t I w t t t t ? t f ^ tAtet?ef
# ? e ? ftft w t t ? w t i ? T Wie^tRc?? c?^ Rte?? 'wt?tct' ft? C t T 5 t ? ?fRC ?Rt? f R ? t # ? WfSIRtle? WT?t RtCt I fft tAl<
RtR RST? f t A t t a Ctt f C ? ? I f f sff?fA f f f C R W f t t f ? f f A t C l ? Aft?t? WAT C5?t? Ct? I

tttttt CAtet? ft?t# TAt? CWTt f31 WTRttSPFtRt fft C t T t t f - t f ? W f "a W t t ? - f t A t l ? f t W A w t f ? AtaT
ft?t#e4 tAt? wtfief t f t t t ^ffte-îftAtftcR? i iJsAi ? t t ff?C f 7 RetttA c t t t t f f t : ? I l i l f t l ? iSf f t f f^^ttRs
iJs ?SR? ??eR? ? 5 t ÎtmSc^ntll ft?1# 4pl4lIS C t t ? f tAtCf S c n t T f f l t t ACSIR, "^f^ Rf t f A C t C ^ l t f C f f t t f t AtRCf?
t t C f R?f1?-ftC?lf f f t Ct^3?t? WtAtCt Wftf35 A ? I lAt? tet c t t t t I" fft 'st^tt's, S ^ ?eR?, "wts ^ tf?CR
? 5 t ??R ftCA5?T ?sR?T S^ WtttRC? ftrotft ft^ ft. ft. ttAftRt? t CPftt? l" WT^ lilWt?, lilf TAtef ACR?,
C?t? t t R l t t CAtCR? ft?t#C4 W t f t t t f t t ftRte? <ilt RCt "ClRt? S ^ t f # I R C^CtCff? t w t t R t , f t f C^C^TCt? R
t t i" fft f ^ ?jc* f t e a ? , " t f t afte?? WQAi t ^ t A c t ?
fbC=14l fte ?CRR c t , W P f t t S f F t R t A t w t t f t f SctffCtT
RC^ f t f ^ T f ? C^CRCt? S ^ t ? t A S I WtttCt? f t t f t
Sc^Wtt^Rf StSt? Ate ft? ttfte?? I ft?1# lilt tTttTl?
t f t t t e s ? Rft R f C t ? ^RRt Atc tte? Rt l"
f C ? ? I W f WtRttSc^tRta ft? tr? RSft ft?tteQ? WfCilt AS I
t R R t ? t R SlffRR RRteW? sfft Cft? f??;t ? ^ ftsRf
ft?tWte^ W f t < l t f ?t S,fa '5t?f l A l C 4 CWR ? ? t ?s?t? W?T
c f R wett? S f ^ ?t w t ^ t f t ? t # R ^ ff?c ttf?c? ?t I Afaj
t t R t f f?tle?5t?
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Contents
t m t i citm l n t # 8feo t m t i citmfi?n#

nfti m ^ ti.iiii. f c i ? citl I t m T a m i t i c w n mt itftmiei, i f ? C5m "s itmf fimiei Si[u
iô?Teme?
stfcitHti fifiicnci m n ' l i i i t Sell m i Hfi mim if?m a ^tm m i s men iftft min it?t mtfimflcn 1
StHm icn m miHi mtH itft icn i C I H n cafm fiten lem vtfi?Nim tmrnmf, f ? cmrnt???' citcn,
t i T i f i t k tfcn n ftn "mtm' mmH fli cim mt i t i i fimwSfi I f i i t f f i f fimwSfi mm, f i f cien^,
Ifm m c i t fci ' 1 ' ief I fiitft mite Se^5ff itit f i f wf? Sfi, cii m?^ ?fm, m mtf, cmwten n
t i m 2tfim iHit ien, 'mmti' 'i' Smit finft i mm i f 1 i f f ? mi mHm?f? I
' 1 ' iffc Itfici 'mtiti' iffc miH cn ? ^qiimn mmf fimen itftm mnt ist mm fifit mm
nmm g t i i ien fifit nm fifiim cn m fiimi ^He ite^ 1 titen liiifte cm m fin t m f itfim
(m)-ci cn i f f ifim -ftim ifie mif% ien i tim ie fft? imi I fmm n t m Semai mfitf i mn liiiH
ff<p3, f^?!, mn, micrnn, titm mf flcn i cit
i f m ,
n fin mtftm?f fft? c5tt ien i fifii i&fuci mim
im m n fifi^ -îfiiis Siff fien i titen cmt iHmi itfte!? mmn iitf? ifim mim itficmrngfltmn imt
iHcen nfim mn m f i m f f ^ n n t itfttm mki fll lit cieiif ien fien m i titen mtii^ fien itfi
mim t m ifmi ien i fH fH^ m m m fitmm (m-) Hf cinm I t m mtfim fH iHm wm iiiH msit mtHcm
n cn iff fien tif iHf& ien i mm fci 'ntfi ' cm iHmen, fifii wtf? # n mt if?m .wm iiH
ifBinaf ifnrnrnntnimn tUe fimwSe#mEH3i i
ien i t i. viit iei flcn f ? cmit??i citen, it?emm,
n^ff ifim mf% itmfii ifim fim# i^t mftei? fiieu ciiwteii n i f l i ib-v* {fei t?f? iiesten i f m n
memn icn uem iii^ tit iw ifie
i mm n i
^c ifeii jfei.?^f^nitm f? iw?wtntmf
fimf ?fi mtitn mm c4tiH mift'fm? cm? fiemf Itftm ?nt i # m m i icfvs fifimm? ii^ ^^c ftfcn
flcn I fH fmi fH? immmm m^Hi m-fim i i o c n iei fifim fifim n H i n ? i f mtfim fft? icBtt-sHmfli I
C 5 t t ien I fH fiew fimt, feiti t f i t i ife ?iT5f n i m wm mim fi?tii n ffim i i i ifimfli,
timfiei I fH m?it, t?e?#, 'mt?f, it?f, f i t mif tite l i t men rrafci litimf? citm iimen
fiei
mmfimiHmflem 1^ sr5 mm itfimHi i fifiien icm cn cn i i t im

mtftm sîHti itf? m?m? fifii wtnei tntti ^^fie itfien n, cm mwffe cn mifim cumvs f t f
citen f i i t i f ? n n mfinf? i m^Hi mit? m iti-t? fifien 1 vs 11 n n i fiHiei mtfk êi f m n
mim Sintnen mm-mifH, fim tntf mmm? Sn fif^ cwf msf 11 ifimt wtn ite ^ n i v i t
itmm mimm? itcn I C I tie?# rm lift! muff f t f itest lilt imf? i n l i c i %) cm miitneit
(ifeovb
I t i e i n fi lift wtiltmfli, fH ifimtfli n n mt life fifii fen ifM n, ciH mtftcm's iit n?
wfjfmmtcn i tit?t i m , fiei? ?5f?m ivoo ^%te^ cmf cieit m^ ?m? icBttif?ifw n I
StHmm I C I W ftfi it?m n ^c liit nei tie?ff fim? mim Itftem t m t i citen fimf? lemt iimen
iiten lesf icsf mim miftm isfme fim? i t iftmfli i 1 lit iîtsft? m? mtmeifm iuti cm m i mwîfn
f i f i>sH cm?m it?eit mmf fifii ntw <iit it?ei ifeio mitei ^ ?n? itmm if?e n i -at
fimmm? miiiici miH i
<^.i??if|i fstem ntf iin
ii<?i
itmmiifeit tm im ^ i t n i f i i i m i tm n
lit nen mfim f i mfi itm cici fifii #?n n n im I f m , i m , itew vs mtm ffte fifiien ien
fcitm mmfiit mfim mei mwjitm fifini ti^ct m
i
Sn itco f t f imiwfi f4im mntf? ifim miten
i 3 F nrnwicitf tie?wen lesf mem if?e i t n i mmen mtmiHe, ve mmfmm fimtm m flmnrm f? ifim
mtmmiem? S^^ffi if?m wm f f i mmm cett ien i
i t
cm meaii z s R i t ^ ittmei i m? fcmei mitcnei

mmf |iHen Itftm m?m wtf? f i e n tfiri ?nm
vs <it
^ imtm mfim ifmrnf f t f mwei It ifnt ici?ei vs

n i
t m t i ciren fim#? mim mfiti" i fH liit fcn

citiei tie?wm miten itn ff? ifim ?j?ft m i i e i itftHtien ^ftfc n it?<f^c-f? fgit ien, fimi
?iisf?ifi, Itmfwi, mitifi miffi mm fii itc muff
vs
memien imifniii m?!?H ien mf 1W11 t n r n
n i
f#ten cma fw itm fimfli I vs I f f m?gi vsfi i f l itfifjC4? n n ? f fH mmei m

lit cm ifettm f ^ f i i mw i n mtmiHe, fifim i t i , fici cm m, f i m f n f ^ cit i i t iitiîi mtemin
mitm i n fHe mfii n, mtcitm inst imm i t , n cm ntim ifimei, ciH fntim wif? mificj? neivs
f n f n tieiit fim? fiei min ite iffii i fifien <it fniHitei I
n wtnen fci ititm itftm wm msfnitm mfimflcn, , t m t n t i citen fimf i!wm mtemm
vsitf
t m t i citen fimf fmen m i T i i <iit n ? 9m ^ wf flcn m 1 i; mn, fSm vsmf memien

vs ?5ci i H o
t m f fimem
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Contents
8fe8 %sriti C1R?R 1iit#
Ki? mm f5m m K m i i cm m i maf? (^) gt?w s i . ft fim ( i v s i i / i f e o s ) ; ci. C i f ? f n m

f # R c n
Rc itci muen mit cim, cfifti mm fimtm ijm (^? 1 1 i c i o / i S ) i ) ; vs. f ? ^ ;nl ( i v s ^ o / i f e i v s ) ; 8 ,
mtic ltd - fpwmf-fFst-tuf tm
Iflt f f mf f n ( i v s ^ ^ o / i f e i v s ) ; -ft.mnmm fim (ôii/
i t m f
itmei, cifie mm mi i "flmficm mmik fifiien i S . i 8 ) ^ vb. ffs^ i i 1 (ivo;5,vo/ iS)i'3s) I

fim'^nm, m fici Hfil f i f fifiw? niwmtfi f m mimfi ?nt s (i) f H ifim- i . fmsjH; ^.
'Uti-tntff' ^ft#f fm m^sîfm iiftfmi #ien iff ffmssH; vs. f i t 3 # r ; 8 .
i ffcmmti;ft.me? mm i (i)
Itm
Hitfi ifimei I lilt fft#fe fiHi citen fim# imnr s HtHm itm; (i) itHf mm s c4fg? itHf, (i)
t n t t i
mim ItHem f t f if%w Ktrmmti, i c i f ^ c n ^ im ? n t i . f ? ? m (ci? I'a); ^. ffsm (i? I'a); v s .

ms,
lemtmmti, iffi^ cn stfci? n i f i fifii wrfmm ntff, ? t f ;ft.mm ItHf I

8.-#5?
i f i m n fH 'maim f ^ ^ 'mum t i m
f ' l t f ,
1 . ffntm s i . 'mn i m ' mm i f fi*fiH, f ^ , f ?
i f i
i f f i t fim'^mft ^ iiHm ffte #mie*f?

t n t f
iwt, mHmi, itsiien iH, i?em iiit, mf? mnci,
mtutm I lat f i i fim itHfmi #iei fmi?' iei?t fH f m mf? mmiit v^t m?H ifim i s . m i ie? i v s v s o
mmf mm cii m?^ ?fti, - ^ f f ^ ( l i i Hmw Sfi mm, I t e i iitfi 'mi i m ' itc?j? n mmei fiH ifim
iH fimw S f i i t i i t f cmtw Sfei? fH miemfw 1 ? I iflt <>til fiH mei "Semn' item uifi
c f i f
S^g?mii I titen IPT Hmf? it<m ifit ci, m cii mi^ ititfii I 'Seftn' I t e m ? mti, m , m iiiit ifim
? f i ?Tfe?ci-tm fiifen ?im itfifmi tm i m F c i '(iic?? mfjmm' 'Seniif''ciei? if' i Sf imn
f n
1 fif 1 ? I e? ist lits mftm ?#m Sm mt ci, 'mn im' ii fte fiifistH? mft m's i?H ifim f^
f m ?f5 Itftem ?itH me?? S^m mei, ifimi if?m m?Time? i i n im n ( i v s o i mim) i 'mti i m '
cit
mm i t sei ntew?
f l
f m mtat I t n t i Hff fifii m i , iei, fiew, mHem lig n m|f? mcitfi fH ifimfli i "flt m ?m?
1 ^ 1^1ifltt Hi tm f i c i ?I f
mmii" vs mtii? cifim ciimf ifi? ifm 1% vs tifitj
tntti citen fimf? i n mnf cmm fime? iitfi 1 ^ Stbfi itm Sd I itmitH ''mt n t n it ifimfn i
itmfii mm ifli mm m m i n m t neit f f m i H n t i f i VQ Hfl' itm'ttH? cm-apH Scî ifim c?itfe
ien c?, f c i ifm n? ttet fH fif^ im-ifajm mtmte? mi-figi ifim ifiot cim ?# n^jf n i
fifie m?9 ien i ist-ifnt? IPT tm cifitcm itfifmi 1. 'Semn'rnm'itHiîH I'a iHm i i m i, cmnfH,
f m n fnt itc ffjiti i w Hi i fH nrnifii men H ct cii, 1 1 7iflt mf mftf, fiiti, mfim-m8if,
mm,
fif vs fifii ifimfi. it? m ifstmt Hfiei i ifnt # T fimm, fimen mfiim, Seimttcmen iH,. i^^m vs
cin ftite? f m ntm mt n n ^s fif i c m 'mm i?H if?m i n iim:i item fm ittcivs
f|i Iflt iflt
cin ftitc?t n , ilnt? ifimfm fH

?Tritc?vs m f unci fimen .mfiim, Seimif cmen iH, iHm
m f ^
m w i ifimflen I t n t i imi', 'citHn', m n ' ^ 'mti- HmH m ic i itmitH i H tm fif 'f^wtm itfi'
iflim', 'Itnt', 'imi', 'fa^tm', 'nfwi', 'cmien W K , iteim fifiai nmfiem Sni' ien ifmn imf?f^tm
'wt', 'm?H', 'ilf#', fitf?', 'Sitnt', "nn', 'imf', mtim mnf c? mt?f mfim^Sfn ?ei wtf? f i c n
'mm?', t n t i i i i ' iH ifnr? fH Hfiei
fiifi Semn iHmflen, 'mfim ?mt' ifimH tit?t mmfm i
ifimwtmm? I- mfim wm Snircien wiiici fHm mt^m wtmemt
Iflt
tntti citen fimf 'fH-ifim, ittiim, Sim, i ? w Item? ifim^fi? i t m I ifi? tm s

Iflt
tTtH ?nt? mm inH mn i fH f^tiH i f i m

it? if wtf? Sm cif :
ien I f m ? f ^ itfimici? m n mw^s mtfi ?ftm Sftvs mtitei ?f^ c?5f
fimei I tm iitfi iftif s isftQiItfi cienmrm-^-?fim !.,.
( 1 ) ffntm s i . m i i m ( i ^ o V i f e o o ) ; i. Semn w?w?w?mfim!!
( i v 5 i 8 / i S > o < l ) ; . n S f m ( i v 5 i 8 / i S > o < l ) ; 8 . Cim8?H vs. n S f im' itm'ttH^ 'tes H^ i i n 'tea Hf-fifii
( i v S ^ o / i f e i - I s ) vsft.if lifif (iv5^v5/iS)i-Js) I
i ^ vs cmmmtn iîiH f i ifim i itmti fteitf iflt
(1) ntmj s i . s ^ (ioiB/ihoH) vs ^. cmi fiw?

ifim.iflif^ ?f n i if mci mfsH m i mem iflt
mm (ivo;},i/is.i8) I
fiit? lea tf? iH', fifimtcn iH', '^cm fm', 'mtâti',
(1) S i m s i . ?t?ifmf ( i v 5 ^ v o / i S ) i ' b ) ; i?titt mmm'iH c t f 3 i U t ciiesiiîi m fm It fntci I mmi-
( i v 5 ^ v 5 / i S ) i v ! s ) ; vs. ^ (ivD^vs/ifei-b) vs g'. f i C ? I W l C ? 1 1
(ivo^ft/ifeib-) 1
ff vg .nH?t? w?m lilt ite?T? i m îfm i wiien
t m f fiitem
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Contents
8^(2-
witat ^ (R (wm - 5 % -m, <^ f r t ftft f t ^ liltttft f f f t f t T O Wgttt f^tAttTT A T S f t A A f f T O RtCACA?

^ t f R C a S'S.Rf f C ? ? I ft?Tttft f t N l t - t A t f ? t?C? ?f
ft%C^tTORTRf*R isrtft? C?tt?T5Rf f T t r I fft W f f f C f tATS w f f t f A t R
t t CTO A R RT it *Ac=tr5n?R'! i^ffCAJ? t f t r o Wftf? A T O W l A T O f C ? t I ^ R t ? t c t ? G j ^
fTTO f T O ftft, t t e t ? W t ? T f W ? R A ? f T OTOTfft S t C t t Ct? I fft ? C ^ S
wft? RTSk? Rtft, i S f ? t t f ^ J , ' S f ? t t?R,
fsft? RT <K? t?T C?g M t R ? ! ^Sf?t t ? t t R , R?R,
R^f? C?, 'Sc?!??' TO S ^ t ? T ' l i T f t ? T O sTftft ^ f%; f f t , i S f ? t f ? R ,
A? I tATC?? TO fRÎ'sft ftft^ RRC? ftft^ t3IfftfT? l i l t t A f t S f ? ATOI
a t f l f t ^ A l f t R I f t ? f T t r t t f t f f t f t A t ? Rt^lRCA? RtCt . A . ' c t ? fASj? f f t r ' - ^ W f & R C f f?'35' I lat ? t C T O ' ? T O T '
SR< f f t s t C ^ 1 W?Ct?sftfRfl?tC^ 8
8. 'C2fRt8?ft f T t r lilt ftC?T A o f t cafR WtltÎ^ cft?? f t f t f t t t t f ? f TOt
?sftoT R i f f t At?tCA I tAt? f f t ^ t s f t ^ tCt ftw I stAR . tfl ?5?=f RC? W t f t ? # ? ? I
tCt iAVft TO? ftft? tCt tftft f f t t AftAtC? I fft?t? Sjjf t t e ? f?SCRlTtT W t
Elfttf ftc?t? f l i t t e r S Ctttt f ? 5 f f?t t t R l R f t t t I
C t t ft5f?AtCtA TOR ftttfC^ t t C ^ R T O ftRC? W t t f t ? f t t t c ? ? t t t ^ f t f t ' t t t t f t ?^5tf?Cf? Rft f t f t s H R ?
iJwtfSiRft R ? J - f^ ft?C? catc?? f ^ ? t t t f R 5 5 fttfRf fi|?tft f ^ l i l t ftC?T S t # ? T 1
AtSlC^ 1 WtW^tTO ft?RA f C ^ fC3! R M t ttft?T, R A ^ ^^R^R, (t) St?TtR s i. ?r??fRf r t t t l t t CAtet? f r o f i t ? s t t t
R A g C f t f t R RAa ^5?? R ^ f S f C ?TO?R f t 'Sê? tC?? TOf^S t ? T t R I a f e ^ Stî^tf^tftf, C R t f f t t t ? ff??teA? c?,
R A f t fBtt?tCATO?,f R A t R t f t c t ? ?^^?TO Sc-UlM 4R?llCA I fft 'StATtcTO c r o f?e?ff' I iii?Re^vs c f ? St?TtR ? ^
'{ftf? Cft? ff?? #?C? TO? Mm f t ? Cttt TO At fte=i? tTO f t ? t ?TttTt ?sf?c f f t t f ^ fRf^ttte^ _s
Rtt I . M t f t ? t % R ^ / S ?^fRtR 55tC W t ? S f f ? ? t
fCtttTtir?!
TORTOTAf ? ? C t ? f T ^ WT? CSiRt<#I R f S R f SRlff tCTf S l ^ i&t?TtfRf C R t ^ l i l t w f t TO?T ffej W f % ?#5rt
f f t f f t T O R t f t I 2tftTOsfRf5t?tC^ g f?t'2WT fîRRte?? f t t ,TO?t R f?^ f f ? C W R T T O t stttR

AtîftRt? f ? t f ? 2 p ? t t f f f f f t ? f g R t C t ? t?C?tT' TO? f t ? s t ? f f ? ? t wtfRee? I w t f t f ? c w iit??wt?>e f f t t ? f t R T O
' f T ^ ' . 'C2ftt8?ft'? CfrtRt, -î*!.! TO? t?-RtC'i? f ? f 5 C R t f l i l t mm f ? s ^ s t t t t t3t-tf3ift? ft5 s t f f T O f R t t e ^ 1
RfR? ?fR?t 2tft ^^C? I rtSTOf? AfCfCTO t t R W C t t t T f f f fAte f f f t t s t f C T O ? A? R t t I C t T t R t f t ? f R T t e t ? f t f t ^
'Cttt3#l?' W C t f ?5f?t f?RtR TO?fRfR I ^îj-tlCt? W C t f f t A i e t ?TOti?t?TOTTO?f ^ t r o t e t ? wtTOtt w t n t r o TOTt
'?sf?tt WC?t?TTO?,fC?t?T I f f f 'C2ftt8?ft'C i i l ? # WC?T?T ?T St?Ttet? CTO ftRtf w t f t , f e T O f?tt?5t tTO TO-?fRf
fCAt?T ff?t Rtt, 1 f R f Rf^TCR? ?Tt? R?5RQfRt tTaf? ?b?T f f ? ? t f t I tAte ftf f^lRRtC?? c? f ^ wf% f f ? ? f f t ,
t?t W t f t C t ? t?ftRlRt? ?T1? R f R s f t t iil?l Stt a t f l fAtt Wftc? A l t f ? f ffet I
f t C ^ I ? ?TT?r R f R ^ f t t RCAtA? 1 l i l t StATtCR? C f T O Ate?? f?TT A f t f f e f _??RtRT
ft. "Rft R i f ? f ' f ? f ^ A?C?? t l R ttCÎ? R ? f R ? I ?sft ft?T A ? t f f ? ? T C ^ I lilttfC? t C T O T f t t f t 2ftt Ate?? f?TT
f t c t ? Strict? W?T ftcWCf ftCW Rr?T?R fR?T ?fRCC^ S W?=tT?ft f t ? CtftftA? RtAtA f t ? R f t c t t R t t ? C t t t ?
Wtft W t T O Ctct ? etc? lt TOtTAtet? t e t l l i l f ^ T C ? l R f f ^ WT?A f i t , i t ? t C A I l i l f f ^
ttft?'8^t??t I . ' fttt W R l f ^ Rtgc?? CatftTO ^ê f R ??fft?.RCtT Caftf
pRC t f t f C ? f t f 5 R A t ?b?i l i l t S t A T t e t ? RCtT f t ? t # l i l t t?c?? tf?e?t f f t f j ? ? t
C? t T t ? R T I C? CAfttR-4tf? t f ? W ftttc??, lAlCt l i l t S t A l T C t ? C t t T O
Wt?T STO Sft? AtsICA, t t f f ^lftcC^, f R ffStlr?, RR A f f W t e ? ! A H F t f R f ? Cft? Cft? f C f l ? Rft ?f%RK^
Rf?t ?fACC? I WTO Wf? f t - C t t C ? ttfrot? R t ? Rtt I 'ftiRfQRf' 'pgctt?' Sttitct? Cft? Cft? fcfr? w| f t R
^
WtCtt WtCtt RCSif?t??t CfTt? f t ?s? OSff? c t t t TO I ?T5f?f%ft t t t t t ^ CAtet? f R A f f ? G S i St?TtR I

WT? f o ? s t R CttCA? CttC? ? f t C t ? t f R R T O , A . 't?t?tt' S t t l t C R f f S t f ? ?teWJ? C t ? f t f t W t f W t R . f ?
? # ttet? f ? 5 t CPtCt ft AAt? t t CRt? ! Cft?-fc? f^ A t A t RtSfM t f T f^tAfif? f t l t tAlft*f TTO f t C ?
( t ) AATTOT ? i . ScflR, wf& R c f RAT RAtftAt I f f R f t t ? caft f?e?t? fferfc?? I f f A t e t ? Se?? t e t i tR?tRl? f i t
? ? r T O ^ c m ^^ST:^ f @ I f ? ? i # a lifttfft f? sffit*! f A T I A ^ t l C ? , fb<S\-i S C ? t a n t At?tt?TCA?, f t T O A ^
t t R t f f?tTCfIt
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tmtl(mmtnT# 8hb t n t i ( m n H r a T #
ut I volutin im-uliim itttu ^flt ^. 'cmf? f i f i i iim' îfci 'cmn fifiien m wt

(m? m tfiif% ttfuncn i m ijm tffs' iiemii fif iHuen iflt mtm n, t u
vs. 'fsSfl' S I U K I V W H I W ? ^ 2 W I 1 n s [ ' i - % ? m f S J ltd 1 ? n^ nimHci? itci mîflu mie^m'5ffiiii
f<p*i-%ii u m fwm uu Sn fmim mt mfift VQ m^stf^m m? iif^,?;ci fftu Sfkivg i ^ sni f o i
U^-n esti vg fin lit Smtm stm ^t#u i tucs Sn ^tn i' lit i f new fiuf i f e i f e fstemfifiuen sfim n
fmitn t i n t f 1-4 u%n mft f m cntU% fft ism|vo m? fum? mfcim meitu mtuuf? fin, fimt n
ifi un? cam va fntcn u u v a fifin; ituci i fiSfi' mm men S5f-ii-i(Hi, cmf? citieniit iflt ntim
liiiufi ffifi f m k cuuf^fiitHfîcifS i i n fcuf? iHc^p i H t iutu fiuficii i m f n m i m
, 8. ficusff nti' Smtcn ufiut fiit? umcn Sfti mtm ctm m fimn i H if? mf?ti fftu Sfk? ? m
mrm? witn uut ficuu n n f n f i m m i va T?i(cn m mtm cmm fum m n m ijff ^tn ?
f f i i t l fic if I cuftu ui i n iU^Fl iffmtim vo. 'f?^ m ' , i n '!t, icf i m n fiem ifiuen s
ic^ f m fim n I fiucn i i mf'jci U S U I mt fimwm ?1 Cltd? ifU? isfm*it?en m2lilfn
VQ i i n mtnt iiifi
w.^ 1% uuM cntif mfii m tuci f ^ uHit itu ifiien mfif3Fci cumrf ifnm i i t f i i m f nat
m I ficum n n tm f ^ i f i mtn "s mm ifm' ifiu f?>i?>tc? i n iQ i i t i ifim i f?^ m m n? i e i
I C I ficwns m fifncnn f ^ m m i i f m '^mf%i C5tm
n i fiH^ ftn mftntei f m n Hfeai m f % ^ ituci,
mt5;mm^[?^mc mtfiu îfiicnci imm mn i mut larsmtci iflt îfci ntfi ititci i titc icu icu
fmufi m Simiit i^fÛfii S i m i tm cm ifuofs mtei I f?e?i! mtmiei ifii?c** itffi ^ nfiu
Surfeit "sfisi i m i fiifi mt ut i mmcii rnntfici ?sfi? m n m?fe?en fH ituci, liitsH mmt mH?tf^ i
tm iucn T f n itu SfSuci i fifii -^fiarsfii c*f1ifci 8 , ' f f i t f f n ' u n fHm f?emtfiitew? if?^
f^ ^ H ftf tnrn n i l l ifiuci I mutii m t ^ Ut fiu fiuf uiitncn fien ifnt f i f i i u f mew? Sj[H
muen n, f i u f ? SimsH fim Scrnirijii i lit'sfic Hiten i m iituen i
fiuf? i-^fifig icn f i f M ifin ifvsu m i mtnfmf' va a. 'mm mu' itn fei fnmcn Uii?l, 'Siciii
faSfi' Siutn fm ifi u n cmtci? wcitci ntmn iiff', 'mfifH', 'HmfH', 'Hi?' iH iimt^-untcn
f 3 = Hm ifiuci, miitsfic mu ufi u<i n ut \ f H - i ^ ? f ^ ituei I
mm Siutei Simtmimtfi itfiirti m<f f f ? i
. 'ff5t' i H I Q , ifUfic i . tmen ^ i f ^ , ^s..
? f ^
f m mu f ? Q ^ mif mi?^ i tm mm irlrcu fn iiHi i ^ WtH iiikt, vo. iTmu wtf? S ^ , 8.

i ^ ^ , ^ If fn W f ; cit mu fn mmf mfi? i mHmi, <t. mfi fwtfim, . tnten fius i. uHm
fm fU muiên "mnfm im i u m ? i mtu cn I va wtf? f n n i b-. mimif^ iff iflt mftH i?w
ffi nwi U 5 u f ficn, tm cit Ufiim tm Siutems miifi ituei I iiwsfie ciiei? n i vs wtf? m i itnt
ifnfiffUeii ficnmn irjF ituei i i n new H H ifiiten n, tmen .
lilt mS i u f i ifffvs ffi m^ vg Hm f i w ? ' u n n f m imjt?t ^ i i f ^ Sn i f^f? new nutuen
liiiH i^fiffii I t f t f i u mt u ien i tnrn i m i ' n, ?i mtftmei wtf? mfficm i H i ifie itei tnten
iHm tit? fi fiH mfi 1? I ititH fH m ifntflen ifigm va ff? itfe?? fn Ufiu itftm c mifie
Hu w t u m u I 'wtuuu* tm l i t i i m m K m n H :^n I iflt iicw fiuf Siuim ^m fiue^ lek? iu
S i u f i I tm i n ificBn u s i ntfi
i t i t f i i i litufi ci? ifiuen I wrf? S ^ uti ite un, iit mtm? fH
ititei ?fiu u m 1? u i 'Siuti fiuti' itc f i f i i itHfmicnci H? itfic Sien
1. i?w 8 i . ff fim I l i t i c ^ is,mci? ffim fiucn I f? fi?cw ffi ?fiucn, ittu irf cm
Hfiuflen, "fsm Hem?iitHf fim m mfimt itcei wfft S ^ It if?e
i t n i t i fH 'mfi fimfim'
i f U f mte? mfsf Sm i" iit fim mfim nei? mVQ
i?ew fsi nrnn ifiuen s ntew mfi fsmfi uf^ ut;
cjff? 1? VQ I f f I t u ?ff?ei ntcsf? VQ intc?? v a i v g l H ^ mtmH if? fimen
iflcn fûmfi if?cH i mm^
S ^ vg i s t j T c f ^ I cij^ ^ i i t t fH mrntj fH^ ^ i t i t f i i va if^ m ?cw ffi iflt ?Hu wtfci i m ien ficii fiiten
i f m ifiitm mfH if? f n m m fim-mfif? f ? n, mfe? mem ifiu fiue? mwmu^ iuiici
ufii mfie?inius?^fmmtc?if'ftm?r^ ien i f m mteiffi ifie ^tc? i "mfe? mem' ?fic fH s r ^ i c ^
mfe? fintien mt-fimi? m?ut f?titucn i

cit m i t iHitfw vg ifnfwmfitn f - H m ' un i i t f i fiuf? liitfi m ?nt?f? icu ifcift Sciicuu
1? I umf fifii ntew ft fim vs ff ^^tf? mfim ^ "mt mftf' I uwcgtet? mme? ^ ? n ? itme cmi ifim
mui mfi fcuu flcn t m t i citen fiuf I
n muficn mH^m iflt tlfci ffin; ien i
tntf fiitem
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Contents
tntti cmnfnt# t>|4||'fPl*tJf
tmti citm 1iit#t imft tHiti immt VQ i % t i i t ? m i f mcmn ?iu, iHitm; (*) vî. c i u ^ n , f i u f
ift f ^ flcn I i v o i < b I t e n titi imtnt? "fs'
I t l Itci sfi, ifimm i f e v s o ^sj.; (^-^ lii^t. ig^j. - s m ? ? S f i , ?vsui
nn nft tfnt mfi n i ôoo itci ntif?
if^si I t f i i umrt f i i m c n fti; C'^)
Itftcm m i ^ itfti,
' c i t i i i ' mtfi itci ifii^sttui tmititfi ic??
I t m i t t m t i citen f i u f , m t i f e ' ^ o (b-) m f f i f m ,
ffi fit mtm? i t n ic?i i it^ffti Itifi i f i '
Itfif uim I t f t c ] ? t f i t i , i - 8 i>a, m t ife<bb-'St. (fe) i e n u
iHiti^s ffi fifiti 1 1 , - m m flcn i nH, u w t U n mcmn vg -^^^rm^ t^^^ ^ y,^^;^
itfitt 8 fifii cit5%t ffin fiirif

Itlltl tiTti ( i o ) Iteifi t m i , i m f , utf?-ittu m i v ^ m i ,
wtf? t i i Sf?n? i f l i mifinti

icBtt? i flcn ?5cn ffi iHirm i v o i i ? m T ; ( i i ) uenUfci ? f i , f ^ f i ? fiuf,
v ^ ^ > i Q i i i H I ffi fifn ificn n, i?tfif? fsum; mn i f e b ^ f ; ( i i ) f u n m ? ^ u t ' s t m m f mum,
m? mici 'sftft f m t i utut nâu u? u i

i f m ffi uim irfie]? tHfs, i i ^ i u i ^ i , m r i v o v 8 i m i ; ( i v o )
u^suu firm 'mff? 1 t?c
f ^ t m n Huff flcn i
f ^ cus v f l U f i m f c^*[ff, u m f f^tnticn tu vs itftm,
itrT Itfui unui c?c?iff, uff iffitfiti VQ mftm iiuft cmfuj?, m i v o i i n t i ; ( i 8 ) cus tm, n mu vs CI.
mrm fifii iffff? 1 fiHi imi icn cimff ifin, f n m , m i liimu, H f i - t s a j ivo;5.vo ?mm; ( i f t ) cmtumr
I a n i u wrr i u tui ici^ m i ? fli u i item mf?tf^ c u m citen, i f ? ftf f m n , i f i i t m ivoftv^ ?mm; ( i < b )
TSiTUf'i-ffi muiiff? i t m i i iff f n t i i m tm cus cnrnfmi, n ufim H f f i m i , i ? n , ' ^ t ^ i ^ i i
ufî uff fiem fiu#? m mn ??ttu fiufli I u ? j f i i ' imm; ( i ' ^ j cimSm i f ? i , ? f % i 5 5 VQ ^>\^H\^ ^f^, i f i ? i m
fci? 1 ^ cjif? mî fi?r#? m iît uau ?î^ itu fi?tfli ifevofe 'sj.; ( i b - ) C i i v Q i m mt^, iieim vs f i i m wrH,
n, iufi n c inuffti ifiu

i f i n e i mt?
ciUit i f ueiw, m f ? f i v f e ' ^ f t f f i n m ? time?? i m i vs
f i i t i "s nue^ "ff i?i? i ICI f f i ? e i ? S m , citfifg, m-itim i v o i v o , t m i i v o i 8 ?mm;
cin fi?}#? utc uen ? flcn u f fiuf i tm (ife) t m viiim mf, ? f ? f n m , mew cum mm,
cit uf^m I f m ^fim citmu inten ^?reitiiu cmifii tim imi, u ^ - v f l f i i ifeovo ( i o ) uim Hieim, i i
tu ffic ite?i ut I mm men i, lewtfif

uf?tfif?? 11^1, i f e ' ^ l i\., i i , voftvo; ( l i ) Bangladesh District
cgif%ff? i n iiten 1 , ??r? fisrt^ uf? ?iei? i fiuf? Gazetteer, Pabna, B. G. Press, Dhaka 1978, 229
f i - f i 8 f fifi uff m e i f ^
? ^ - i f l i if?, 30 1
mfime? Sf^ if?u fH, ^ i n m ^ i
n c i t fif% s?if f H f m
um fim? ifiu, f i s ^ uim rm ff^ff ^ mri ufm t>l^l'Sff^^ll (5 s
un? ^tPsi f n
^1 . . . I ) fnrsf
1 ^ . 1 ? 1 ^ ?f?u i m ifiu cgtffiei i 3 f ^ uu itm m fim S ^ f n mUf

vsen fiifm i n fc?w
vfliH. i
iei^ m fiu fiuf? ifm mei mu cn m t ' Q

^fiit? U I i m fieufw tf3?fim's ijfimm? uei? w u fifi
ifie itf?ciu I unci m ien, uf ccufîi, l t d ? mfrff f f t ? i ^ ^tc inf5? Se,iH 1 i b - v ^ i viifii
ui, mm? fc?iiiii i f l uf? mitf? flcn t m t i fc?iw U I citmtff? l U i f u H i t m f f % i ^ f t n i c ? i i
citen fi?t# I fifii uim ?tfiit? fH flcn mifwff i ivvjjvo (. i b - wtfuff ciff? t m t i - v f l ? H i u n me?iu:i?
fi?tf? fffifim, lumu, sium, m mHf ^ i ? tuei m n tntf^H?]] i ib-j38 fstci ii?cut umfs,
i i r n i f mm -sisrf^m? ?"fm icuuficf f m y f i m uifm, c i f ? cmm (ul), v^tiH m f tm (itm)
viiiH
mm m if?eei i tm itu-itfim ci?u cuutuei vs itH i???rei? m^ um f r f ^ m ivvbv f ^

f ? 3 wtitfm f H 1 cm Itftcm cm iwr?
i ?
i n f t c i fiifm, c?mici? mci mifs; i u i ? i u i m m<3

uun-Q f m ? ci? lis wiH ftitn fimn?
i t c i tite Heufw mfimii i u i f f cut ut^-vfl -sfiu m
fi?t# f i i
, c s ^ , mmtn nfuen iftu 'Q fifii i^Hcm ^ i i m

ifiuen I fH fifii ftun fH cin.fii i i f <fm? iJi?
m i b - ' ^ o itc i ? ? f im, ^ m l i s t n f ^ f i m wniur
cn ut I tm mfiff? ift?f VQ tm ft 115 Itfic]?
îH?f itci (im v o , o o o ) 1 i v f e o '^..itc i n Hsfcw
fiim? atUficm m n t n itt?temHi nufe?te*t? i ? um iic?? cmniut apn ^ u t u i f t , o o o - i i ? Si?

vs nitmue?? nfi^\st i n nifiSf? f i i f m u m fto,ooo-iii? Si? n i i n
i ?
fiuf ifevoimei? ^fittfiuwle^tiHitiie?ir Hifiw? itc i f e f t o - i i i ?

i ? tie?w tiun? u m i
I i e i
i f i f 8 ( i ) mfifîtm, fifii u n uim itftm, u ivsu i t m t H u m f i i t liift ^, tic?w t i u u f ^ vs

w
mi io<\i uiU; (i) m?5i fiuf ?nr?f, Siuti

itfi?,
f i m u f i % uSH f n v^tun men f i n f u i f i i
m f f vfli
I'a, mi i f e v j j c ^ m f i f i tnti, uim itftem fifii m I i f e i v l t d u m mi-u^' i % (f.) t m t f i m

i f i s
iH vs ? n T , mt i f e e f e -^r, ( 8 ) n. m?. mim?, vs ?if?ti m - t i v s m ' i - f m r n (s.) mremm? fff i c ? i i i f e e i %
t m f fiitem
t.H.liho
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Contents
tm'îci? fiit lilt fca? ci? tui fitm t n

im? f? tnrtfimt smn tinsf tm fnf? ffici? titrri t n wt'm?, fifi t m wfitcn f ^ (m^. ^sv/'^ba)
i i n f d if?m 1?c?t i?n 'Sj. i f t wffmft i? Hifii m i^sfuo itm m i m ^ uci, t m ' ^ tui
?^5t?jtf f : ^ tnfi 1? I tm? wr nfi? i ? ifi?t?'
Wt'lT? 1tfic?s? f f J ? m ?11? f C ^ i S v s / S ' b i - S ' b l m
mw ififs <pi*iMi mm flift 1? I ifm fUvsum tifnti icn m m l m f t n mft
i f e - b o '^. i w tnttH?jf 'mi iitic?? uii fm, fif n I tui wt'it? f?H^ f C 3 t ? u?jci lilt f?m itn-iui
^ 1^1?^ t u ^ t i nft irmm ( L k i ^ ) cicg if?i i ? ufiu m n, f m fcaj? f ^ itm fimci i tm'^ci? mufu
; S i g ? fiem uM-mRim m i f n fiem m--if['i-itf? Sit ufiu itc mffff n n m i mitcn u f fli n,
tm? fn I ife-b-b tnttfi?it iwci? ufim#? t m wfitc?? f j j ? (m^. i8\r/Hb<t) m ?n? ins tm'*fi
'Sj.
ll'tTt 1? ,88,\b-S. ; t u ? U : U i - b ^ , OHo W ? iff ffi ficn I n i ?nc?? ifinti lis liit tint ifiî
( ^ j ) m i,b-c^, 8ife m iiuud ( j mm i f ? i i f e - J s i tm, 'mn, fifiu's uun f?f fli i t m m ^'^V'^fefe
pm<i fnm i ? tnrtHu? mfiitii uf?mf i i ? jti ic? icn itirmfl n n ntm mitcn cmm (mim t n
m Uiitf? m I
it?ir)-iii? mufitn mrfim un utf m ?m i inr
i f i # f s ( i ) ' U f f f<r?r^, mm-fiff"i-wtfu, ?mtcm ii)t?ii m 1? n, ?n ibo/vHs m tnf 'mitf tmicn
i v s o f t ft., b r i , fftfe;(i) H. de Vaujany, Alexandrie
m?i?if,<t> f 5 fls itu m n ivo/vha icn (ufsti ? b-s>\s
et la Basse-Egypte, Utfii i b r b r f t 'sj., ^sft; ( )
f ) fiitmff i m titcn ?ff? fiftci liiift ifnn-ics,
Population censuses of Egypt ib-fes-ife-bib 'sj.; (8)
mm I C I mitm fim tmmc? fB?ftf mm tnt 'muf
im i l l ifim liit im if?jri ?5n n, mmiuiimf
um - mimi, ncm? i ^ f t i - mfmft ib-ftc^ ^ ib ^fut,
ife'bft'sj. I
firm t n tiî'*fi ifmy tui mfici iim.mfif
G. Baer (E.I.^)M. U . 1. m ? ^ I t m
itcn I lilt if??ci? it?ci t m ' t f 11 ?ntfim
tl^l'*rf^?IJl ( 5 _ . i _ . - f . . . . I ) s nft n , muu itcmtm i?if%5 finri ifnr t m fic?tfim iHitfli
mw liitwrn fi'stjt c?, mn? mftu ic tui wfit? mi- ' j n itu ic I mfif11 liit fsi im i i i ifiu tm
iflt
mfii ( ? ) - i i ? i? fm? i i ? imi t i u ' ^ tui i t m , iici^ cwts imu ? 5 U if?u cn i i^n/hoh- m mitu Sn
tui fU mfsri I C I c ? n tufiuT (f. tnt 'mitfiut) m#im fuwcn ifHf?ffi mr^ Hf% ftn m i
f'mn? f i i t i I tnt''^ i<3i tui ficn mi ifttmr ?f f?/m itf? cn i w ti*tt'*fflii fmffimn
tiu'^fiufiUi ii?'%jt-vs itu itw i n i ^ f i t f i i ^ i s n itu ic I tm, u m vs Hfim titcn citfti^
1? n i S v g ? mfim?v8 tmt uH
?m
if!?%: uutu itci's Sim? Seal nfic usm u? i rnitw? fijv ugitf? n i
I C U itftii m ?n?ifii, mssi? it?ifiu's ?ff-fiu ici?
m - m f mtu iTff utmicn m c i ncit mil
S v g ? 1? I ?uimci vsi<icnc<> iiumj mit ' s t t n ? ufitft
fll (f. i^ uen ufn fmen tfiti) i m mmfc
uitmf, luvflfiu? 1^ U i U U v s i f t , mmci csttm iîuenim 's{? cwtc?ciTn i u n n i fiwf nî usei?
(uut), ( u ^ U I U fimuf) Ciim (fimfiui) tmtfi mriufir n? i w t m ' ^ f'm mtirft ntmn itc
ntitm Itci I mt?@ ifim t m f ffim nm f^ mm mm 'mrf iHm
u n im, mu'stm's m??ci icit fum m m i tun
i . t n t ' t f micîici? tf^lti s "tnttf iui
mitm fieiimn iHiH it m i liitmn itnHi ui?
titi?t?i, ' m ? ^ t ? i u?n mi-itmi'-vfl? Smfi, fH. fiH-?, mmt?m?wm, m, ffim, timm, it?m, iHm,
mil Ufci? lfl ist ii3 mi ?Rt ifiuficn n, tntci? fiim, fmm (tmi vs f i f m ) , ff^sm, mufm vs
Fsf^fci mu Itfiu ifci w?|^ m t l i f f & ific mtsifim? mn im mitcn im's iuen i m i m cig
itn I" tir mrftfu^, uit 'miifcn fiitmc? ufci fium fn I t?iwt tiîtf imen fiftf? f&mHiii
lUsf iufi ?#?t? mr titcn muHii i m if??rfli i wiiiii icn, mtcnci i f i n miren im's ?f?
ificis lilt n ifjp t u ('m)-iii? mim fimf's
fimcn f H Hmi?tei f&f^ im mte un i cm mf
m:iimi finr (n)-ifcn fll, ititm ^ ? / i r i ici? ItHi uf C^. </iii iei? ici? muff im), mf
i m f i m 113 fimw i f ? i liit fint? mûfiii 'mf m'f? Hfwmf (^. vBb-vij tt. m/fefevb 'sj.), itffm-fi fi?uf
( U ) - ? UW1 f?Ficn I C U liiim fici? uHn- ifmy uif
(\ 8iVioî men ti4t?f n?) vs fsmfui mi-fmf c^.
ifim fiim if? m mmu vsufiir mci utf it, m
i<ti 1^ i?s5=j - ^ j f ^ z r t ^ tuiici? m?i<)ift<t> f5 nwi fici?
mf^ i w c'ftctu uutu fi?tci ('s?tmm) i tm'^f mmims liift Hi'Ssi-H'f mwtif%?s memn
uu^ isfiu imi iemr? ifi tm fiufim im n i fif
t m f fiirem?
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Contents
iit?if W2(ltM R f R t W o ? t ? m g^wt? r M tAtw? fiACt ^ t r o tttfCt? RtR S c a t ff??lCA S ttft? ^ ATRR
TTO? 2ff ft?t SflM I a m M t ?tA, 1A1C1^ C ? f 7 ^ a|fttTtC? A t l F o M A ? lil?? i 1 ?1ttTO,ftftJ/b-W t t % , i ibS
WRRTOt TOT TOtM R T i I t A f ?RT Attc Ttra, lilA? 1% RC? ti? afTO ffAlRf ( M t R t W l R - l f ' RtRt) R ? R M ASTO
w f A f w ? f k t r o t e t ? ira<tlWfl ArtT^ ^pTtfw'^ 2tf?TO CTOtt afTO f C ? ? I M tro WfRtftR? S t ? ?t!f t T O l
'TO ( R t f (?f?f I t w ? ? f T f f f t t r o t t t ? rotAfftfaf (TO A t r o (CtTt?tC? Wt?Tlf%f 't?ttl) ft?? f M Ctf? liR? Wtttf
f? t w ? l ? M t r o T t f t T T O ArtT^ lilt 2 t W A f f t f j ATAT ttftt ( t t f ' W l R t E T f t t T t?ttf)-iira " S ? ^ f ? f t ? T Ctf? I
^ 1aat Si::^ I wTR-'wtfA?-ira a t T 5 (ftAS/iioo, t r o T ^ ' tf??l ff%52fl C R T f C t ?TOT,t l A t ^ W t t J t M Wtftc afCAt
S<5C?? M fwfftA>i/ii O A ) f ? fTTO WÂW f g Wl. -lfTO ^RstcAH, r5tct? w ? r S t t R T O lilt a f f M M i f l t t t t ? liit
(AfAf? W f t ^ R t t f i^fAtftfAt A t f t RTTtiA t T O t f1?Att?A)-tf WltJlM t?tAtf W A ^ , RS? tfAtR a t M S?Tl?-flM?
(flAl'Q t t l t ? f f A A t Attf A ? I t W A A TOtTO TOTO flff f R tf% At^ Wtftc? wrffC AtRtR t A R tl<MlA M
t%Pt ftwttRtf troitt? tt*tT AtT f f ? t T O ATTO?(TOT WM WftlfctACf a)tM f f ? T O W?T WTRT^t? ff--SRlf? tlcif
f T ' t t R S Alt?, f?!? tf?y t A T t M RTO?f?!? CTO t w ? ^sf?ft??tM I
t M A t I " ^ f s T l R f k ? ? , ATAT^T
W R f T O t t ? # t ? ? , T r o Alt? taC? t ? ? l f ?t CtlWt f f ? f l (f.) Wtg. 'ltA/5ftt ttfc
?if fifTOR w m f ?w f R t f t , TAr?i lilt? t w lilt rotf M ^^ft^ t R W f t t t s M A ? I f A f C t ? t t f ? af^ f R f t ^
t T O t ft?? tt, w t - t M ? ? ^tttM t t f t M # ? ? C f R 'SW?ff rTO M t I lAf?t 'WtAA-tAffc?? f f l f ? R R M ^
lilf C t l t f t t t t t Wt?lM f M s C ? ? lil?? R t l t t T R ' f t W t f ttftt? r M R t f f S ; TO? f A l C t ? tttT I f f M M *fft

sRntfM? I f f f f M a t w ? WIC? I W R lAtCt? RCtT f f t t f t f ? t t e t ?
f t i s l ' f t c ? ? ?Tf|TtTO tTsilt? "Îtl^sM A ? liR? lilTO t t f A o l M t R ' Q ? T O WtCA I
A t c t tArc?? R f R R5T-St?CR^ f?fB SfTO StCttR StCtt A. t t t T t f c t ? ?tTR WA^fC?? 1???t 8 ?RtC? 1?ttf
^ t t C ^ c f t M 1 ftR? ^ S ^ W l M t ^C tttt'ftrf RftTO f W f t t ? ^ ? M lilRTfR ARAtt ft?CC? tRtATO M - ? McB,
TOMtf g^R r M W f f C R ? RC?T M ^ ^t?TTOI tAf?T t?lC?? faTTO 'Q f f ? R l ? atCACt, W t f t l 1 ? W R WtRlRT?TCt? '
?T5nc?'a 2fR (too ? R ? t w f?M ?nRlttl f C ? I S T OTO??tttttTC?, ? l f t ? l M r W ^ t TjIfStC?? WT^
f f f T??Ct t M s ? RC&, liltTC? TAt?T R f f % RT ?f?TO CWRtt^ 'Q t ? t ? f f R t T t f t lilRtftRfCA, S ^ t?C?
fC? I lilTOfR f t t M ( t R R t ' ^ ) Stt?C?t i i l ? t R t / R ^ fSsiR, t^tRffB, ^fSt tJfft WtJCR liR? t M 1?C? (^ t t t f ^ l C ? )
tTf? Sftt M s 'i?t afRR Rt f C ? , tAfCt? ' a ? ^ ftR t R f , 'aw?f5, C ? l ^ tJtft Wt3CR I tAtCt? f? Att R l f
fCt? tf? CTO5WC?? f R T O WC?f ^ TO, tiro f C R *ttf?t t t f T O ( t l M l H ) At?RtC?t 'I? W l M f S t f a t t TO, t ? ? t f c t ?
C??^!? ^ ? T t ^ t?C ^5I?TSC?? t5 2tC?tTO Cttt Ct? I CtfS W?R?tJl afR f t & t R ^ I
lilt tt?At?? r M *ttf?t C?tCt? t t ? T t l A t M A f ^ t t R CATÂl R^t t?T:? 'aW?f5, RtJl? ^ f^ttc t t t i t
Wt)S? ^ M Sci I A>bR W T ^ T A f (RT't) tft t A ? 'WlWR ft?CC? I t?C? C t t Wttt^Rtf Wf?tf tAtTR? R?tTT
RTA-iil^ W t A t t t R t C t f ^ T ? (JJJ/iftJi) t ? w M ? t (Rtl^) A,iA,ooo I ft WtMll lAfCt? W C ? f f 5 ? ?r1 " I t M ÂtC? I
t M t A ? f ? RTA-.iil? W f t TO liR? tAtCf M i C t ? tAtCt? tttT f R t ? t l f c t ? R?tTf tug f t t f t TO?W?Jt?T
Ait w i w f tiM.R? I (fRt?Rtf) f t i t r o
M trttf R5t RfCR R T t ^ RC5T? I A t t i c ? f o T O RTO t f S f C t f AtWR
t A ^ AfRtC?? r M M r !TO,( S ? t l T O W l ^ T A f C ? ? RtCt? tttftf ? T O , t l A f C t ? RCtT wM?t ftlttlf I
TOT W l R T f ' W t f WIR- TO t t ? f , A Chronological O. 'Wtft'tt 8 ttRttfct? 'Wt?ttRAt tf?t?tlRRtc

List of the Imams and DaEis of the MustaElian WT??t A ^ s R R Rt? t w ?5f TOt A t t f f l SAf i^ R?5R
Ismaills, in FBBRAS, i!o8 ^. sa-db) 1 iilf%^ Wt^R f R , tlAf ttlf t t M f R R t ^ , i ^ M t M ^ tRCgif
WR'Q W C ? f C?t^ttt^ t t t f f T M I t A t afffAtACtttT t t , tTO R t C f f A t ^ tCtttt ft??tC?? l A t C t ? t?!^ Atc
tl^ TCt?'a- ? RC?T ^R C f R t??RTM t l t f j M if M t t i l t ' f f CH1I t R M M ^ C t t t T '2r^t?f? r M
?t I tro f ^ f ? f ^^CR t ? S r o f R T t?f?C?ttTt t A f t t

t??tt??Tt t t R T t f ? ' M t T f tlAf RT ? M W f M A ? t f ? R M A ? I t c ? A ? Ct, lAf?t t^^ff WtAt wMtftt?
t?TO-iil? fSJ W l R - A t f M f f R R t A t C W R t l T O f?A A ? , RB?lt|tCf lilt? w M ftf f M f??tC? Ct, RT ^ f t t r t
W?tT 1AR f ^ t T S T M Ri3H . W t f - A f f c f f ? t ^ W f S A t t CtttC? ?'M ttffT f?t? WC?f Rt? ^ tc I R A t C t R t S ^
t?lC?? W i R T f S R t t f ^ R t ? t WtCRTO?AtRt? t A t R l ^ ' t f t t A t Ct, t f t t t f 'Q f ' W t C t ? fR <lMttf ^5tc a n
T O lilf f?W? ^tC? f t t R f R r M tAfCf R l T O - t l T O tTRfCA? St? M ? ?RT I
f t ? I ftftl/ii-JsA RC? f T ^^CR t r o R 3 K W l R - f t t t ? 1?-WtA fTff t t t r t f ? f C ? f R ? M at A t t f i^ RtC? tt ftt.
ftftatA AtRt? ( M f c t ? ? M f t M r o , ?lAf ?ttC? af^M, R??fM M lil?? TOtt f?t A ? Ct, R?flt c f R t M a t ^ t A f
ttRtf f?ttCfR
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Contents
(too tiwitPiiijr
î/m -"trnf? tn fki Hfiw fn I tu W W ?m' CT, mmm vs

fitfm i <^>3i/.ii?ni imf itc
i f i i f t 'fi?tf?'
niti vs miti s?I^2roc3? iff? fim v o i i R M fitmm ^ftsfi? mfi?i 1 ? fm? iu i?n,-tu mrim^ ivsm va
H"#? fll I mrtiîm til m - m m ' um mfn mm flm nm

^ i v ^ c i ici i mn, Sm
m van
S\stR 'tiiftft m r t i ' ntrf v f l t a t i Sf^ iHi m, m m t im ute un i mw mgi?en smim latmn ^ m
w m f n f n mm * t f ^ Sun? ifnt sjfît m n, tmiien Sf%; cfm uf? um Sm?i imeit G3? m
m I t m t f lifiwt? Smn? nnm^ft fiif?-f?Mgi- im ^j^c Uci I
m i m i fnrnn?fifmmm im, fim iftm f'm mm? uiftim ?iinu s Itnti' ( t m i i e n vgm^pfi
f*tfms mf^f f l m vs iin? Sff ^fim ic m i ^ i m if? fimt) f ? m n, "mtm mf?' (ntfii)
ift fifiii m
'mmmf ifmm? fkimm? fifii ntn? mm? m vs 'mtim uf?' (1^ f i i ) - n ire?r m ni mrngpfT i f ? i f i =
mm wt vs Ss,ii i f f i a 1? I Site t m f nf?ien wem^n u n im n i mtm m'mtm

mfi m cirn fim? mi' cim timf ficici? ^ cmn I C U van cm "aen mim im n u, mu tfa? m
if mm mtm tmit m^ if?c ircn, fif vaim v^t f?m mgmn i u m \ ifu mew? Ui cm f4 ffet, mm f m
i w s r mim ifScvo ^^n n, cmmvs 'mft?'-'^? m< 'citm'
m mfm-in m< 'cmif?' ftim ivsm mtn m i i^t S?
im im ficim, nm fitm iti i wrft?-n m< 'mfii
mfm' " i t f i i niir' niamt iî? ^ ?tfi ?t?t
'mm-tifi' mu ^mtcn) fmsir ?jm? mmn cm?m itc
im-'mi ciTif? ? s n r vs cmn i i n ? m r fli m men
mmi im ( c m mv'smt m arm im? fimf? ?jriTf,
ii?w f tm tTtfi)-ci mj^ cmn mir it I
8. mtf^ fftf5f sitmtfn? cifif?mf? fimmci
M l citmcgtf vs t m f mmci? i f ? i ^ ?fim ? f ^ i?it?r3cu
fitmf? ?<fifmfi i f d immfi miwi im imf i n
t m t f c n wsm cm'if? iftif m?jn i c n :n f m
ici^ imi ivsm ? T f i T f ^ irci m i c m mff'i-fi

fimf? ?tm'i-'mTii, mi-f'mTf?Ti fmf? c i t i f ?
in^fi', ' m mmfii' if, t?mtti mti-mfif? ' i r ^ ' i -
vsmm', 'mtf t n âumm t n mri-vsmfcn 'itfm', tm^'i-
f i tifcn 'miml-mr'mtf' tmrfi i vat m ic^ mmn
fisicmci tut fififfi 1? n, i m i m cirif? 'mm'tcn
ff% tut muci tmf'fSmmm' ^ m im i? m^*^
mtmi m'mtm? n ^ m , firmr (m)-n Hmnt vs f?mi
Itfi m m n unti inr mci ff ^ m . . .
tm'^fcn ?tff 'mit'tici ^ tci mi i u utc

Uc? S i n m'fi mm uff?mtcn?5tfifiift mtmuc?
u m u mff? (mtitei iHffmn ititti-t 'mfiu-n
cun ^ ftun im i?) if? m j ^ i e^ mftn fitmi,
vflt?;i utut fitmenmfim? ^ muen tuiien, mu
mu? I C I I ftfus fiivg, um ^ mt-fimi, i i i
cwitffi^-, ?iirmi,.mffiut vs mutu fwtmm mifif^
iiu^ I mnt i n n tm'^f
m fBvaiificn imiit <'f<?if|
mum ' f f ? 11 itwicn Hfi fint^ mei vsmfi?iti
flcn I ?f tu m?icmu n, vat iii.ffmeij? icm iims
mmf fft n u t n, 'ifim ? f ? ?'Hrcii?u mirim
mtitfii itu 1 ' ^ S m mmu nvau i 'QU irfif
'^rfim' itficj? fifU ^ i cmuvs cmuvs ?Tf%5i fwmfi
tmf f i i t e m
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Contents
itm mn I tmmm m:m ms cift itc mn m i mitm niSm i??iî fgen Sn < s i ^ i m vat ?mtn i i m ?
H C I n m fltn? 'flt Hfim^Q n t m KimfciT mm n H fien neiî i i i im i t ? t e i ?n i f e v o i trn'^fft

I
m tim'*ffm uficmi (jji^) m fiwni

I t?ftf cmittft C i m t ' iffif n tsfc? m itc wi men i
mn, fitmf (1) fci? t? mmsw tmi ftcn "mf emu f f i f iifi i u ituci I Suen f < mfim Siftn
f5m?
(m) m f m i m m fm?t fmHfi^ i mm (m) mtn I U i M itmu n m i in, v i i u n ^ fiut iftif?

f mrm i l l tmi m m?i, muci tmm? mtim itc men Segi i u 'î i
'jsti mf?m ivQTrtitmri i cnm f f i ^ fiw mm fci t m * ^ citutft fiuften m f i f t ^ Sm fien
itmimn mtw imtn f ? ? t % i i i ift mim (i)-cm ff T|ft H?w icn, micm fiifiuticn fltn mfii m n itff
nc?? m n f flcn, tif fftm itîîRc^ ?m itmci fcn i c ^ n fimt mfim i i i i ifimen, ? t m miut
(tifi ?nff mwfifci icj. int m i m m^mn? icm viim, Sm I C U m f f ' i - f i i t i - f i m f ? f i u m i f
itiwi itc'!) mmi I tmen f i i 5 i iHt mf^ mtUf'l-'ltli'vs iiu I U i c m H. Corbin Ufi?
1?,
itc mn I v a n fi ffi cm cm m n m iftm m t f n f v s mi m ifmc?m ? n f l t d ? m m vs Huten

? 5 n
iii?5ft mn^Q itc men i i^tts tmen m n mmff ite ?I?ft mn i c m R. strothmann 1 t f f fcn ic? I
men, ?tm it?m ffi ffiicnei Stni fie men i uuf liff imfi f l i t d ? fii icmwf? m i i t i
t n t ' ^ f e n f i ?m int i ^ n lem i^ mten "fim? ien I i c m i t m ' i f f itm? m f (itf f m t n
^ V
Q sffii^f' (Degress of Initiations)-n cm i m fUmten) U'lttf"i-tim ( ^ l e a ) vs f i i i t m * ^ m
i t m mm m, (Free-mason) [imff? i f i i i i ien (mi . fitm v s u f i fi?u i i t i mn
" # - c i 1 l "
vsvagt^prmj-va? icm itm m intc ifft ^sen mfê^ c i U d ? fiif'i-ti'fm) mrncu, itfin, unti I
ititt f i c n ^' mei i mff im? iiti icmti

' c i t n
cnmen m ? f i f Q U i n i Seiieuu i i u i ifmf f=n
?jf^ fim VQ mm ^-if%? m?em Sn fmnfi fli i ^ 1 n t i ie?i n i t?ie f i ^ uen ^ 1 ien i f mfi
^ i?tm icn ifiitffen m
VQ ît iei ^mei I t m ' ^ itftT m e i cutffit mm wu n n W.
(in)-'^'^ fi?t?i
ie?i mirf i? iimei fiiim f|i ?n fim u "flt Ivanow, Aguide to Ismaili Literature, ifevovs m
i ? t c n c?fft^ icm fm?w f|i i niffmci

? T f ^ ' f ?
f S m . f s i i m Ii i f i ? n i i tHieu i i t f i itUei i
' i f T ' - ' i t ? icm ifi?i vg m ^ ? i ^ n mnt 'iit?ii m m t m * ^ fi?m imfi icf^ Sn if?u ifli ff%
CT, 1^ ftf?"fei igift mm ftf mf m n I ^ mitm m em iifw^m cf i imi m c^ w. ivanow viiimj
finHtn f|i ? f i t f i iniitff), m'n i^tw\ fiw i f Brief Survey of the Evolution of Ismailism
(^3fi
men emit), m'^ (imi) vg ^% (nft fien ien wm (ntit '^.)-!ii? I C U i u ituci 1 viit ifm? m^ Sm
ifeft^
mcffiit^) I m m iiijiifm iim it iiutft m itm ? f ? i i ^ i i v s t f i e u r , i i t f i it?tci Sm? I t m I
l t d 1 tmiien I t l mtift f|i; m uwm n n m i m Introduction to the study of Ismailism. m?vs n n

iff-?tfiiei? ^ H m mfif? (mm, , tntfm, fm, ' ^ iti-fiifi^, (i) i . ; (c^) iti-itiumf,, m .
i i , ivvb
cm) vg fitm mjen lem iejei? ift n

(1) Cureton, % >8d. ; ( v s )
vaiwi m - 1 t f 1 , c^l, i > v b
t n m i ,
vsmm'^ flcn ; tmi 'fiatwm' ('itti') tuen lem i ^ ( 8 ) tn'l-'^'tf?, m-mfil, m . Tomber, cîvs 1 . i o i ,
tmi, tTtfi, titfi I (ft) mf^, frnmu, m . Quatremere, i i , vsvbc^ 1 .

t n
I t f f ' m fill; i^rf? ff% ftn ifimflen i t i t (vb) 1^ C i n , m - t m ,fti,^^; ( i ) u n ^ , uft<['i-fim,

ft'ên fiit ?fi^ mei; Sm ifiin f n ? i n V 8 1 , Ife i. ; ( b - )
m v s u f , c^l, 8v!>v i . ; (fe) Edward
m I fimlin 1 1 iim mmi fimien ?i nm itc G. Browne, A. Literary History of Persia, i i , vofei
m i Su n I i m ^ t t i i i?m l t d i. vs cô8 i.,
i cim mg men cî, ( i o ) t m ' ^ f u t new? i f i f ,
n i f i u 5 ;
fsm ftm cwitffimcn im?,Sn im it^tci m i Su (uSe?) I .

fm cm?Smfinfliiei I W. Ivanow (E.I.\ U.U.t.)/5im Sfi I t m ?
ifiit 8 tm'^fcn new m i irmej? cinien ^>j^)\o ( y i ^ i , ^ r . ) 8 (%fj) t m i t i t mtn

I i f i i f ?m fif icnft i f mf <^fi ij<f i m i i f ? f 5
I mn cun vs utfm uf^ f? n i vs wtf?
I n t
(ilt i f t ? f iiicmu ti^rff i f t ? f ? i k n ?=i lei, n i fiwtnen cwi Sciieuu m n ?tfi?tcn ns, f f wtfd
ti^r*rf mtemm? fimmften iim muen ifli i'fif l^n! vg nfi?m ite ffS^ men isuid men? mucs
m i m ' 'itiHi'-cn fsmmm S n f m n i ?itn vat c^ftm I t m f?iit n mrtf, mfii mmi, fim uu
i i t n iemwf? itew? f^m <tcci tm'^f-ift?f? m m Uit i f l nieifii f f n f m m , f f i muen
f i m
t m f fiitem
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Contents
'w*? I sTfotrt^ f # wtf%? tfARR, ftft t?tTO 13 f ? ? ^ WW tt?t TO I lilt R ? ?tWJ ?tf=^ fC?tCt? WRft?!
t^lCTOlt ftRWtro f | P o W t A t TOR TO? t t f t ffotft ?tCWr? s f f t t T WSTfTtJ RtAtAF t i t I ? ^ f i f c t ? Wtsfft
ftttR tttt (f#f Wtft? ttt) flAI? W3Af 'S RtAft R A f t f c t ? CStt RC^ Ct R W A l l A ^ f t R At? 'S^Rfft RtgtC0? W 3 f i ^
C W 5 ttAiRt a t f t t t f t A t , f l A t W A t C t I t t t t S^Jf? R t t M AtftR A t f t CtR I f t f c t ? lilt fttt? Atc f f ^ Rt R t ^
ftAAAft ttftCA I is>i8 t - S f f t t A t f ^ wt?s A t f t CtR mi f # R ? M wrtR
'tttt tttt i V V o t t t t t W t A t f C A t I flAtS WtfCfAtAlAf aftCt f f s n t W W ? TO, t f t t t C t t R t W ? ? ? t

ftt mm R W t f t 5 t f f t # f t ftCTO I ftft Witt tsflAtftCRR ff?C A? I f C R f t M , tAtf, ftwtt "3 Wta? S t ? f c t ? W?J1?T
Ct, 'flAtS tPt'S C R t t t ^ f f ? t t C41R tt<ttfl tct ftcttfif W f ? f C?t ^ j f f c t ? A ^ S ^ A? I I t f t t t t t t ' G (ilMttttC??
^:CA 1 ftf % I R t - T O A l R T f t R ^ t C ^ t ? t l A 4 A'SAt? W t t A f t R m f??f5 W ? t w f A f t S TO I W?Tf?Cf f T C t M - t f t ? ^ '3 CSIR

^ftrrt S f t t f t f fttt Rt wt? t A tAtC4 t^StfCtA RttM fCR j ^ t TO mi M t f ^ Wtt"^ t l C f S f ^3 ,^1CR? tRRJRfftft
f t f M CtiM3AT A t 1 liltttR Atc M t RRttCA? t A i%o'\ t^FtfR R t g R t C ? M etttft f?CWCt? w f c ? Wt??? TO 1 AC?
f&tCR f l t t C B R t t RtTOtI t A t f R t A ftitt "Wttf"R A? Ct, 'f#R? t t ?e,RC?? Sftft? Rt^tCWJ? l i t f f t RRlf^
Atft tie?? tiRttsiCR? C t t f l R f t f t CA^TOtM "3 W t t t - t M ! lilt ftttt "3 R l f ^ f^C^' lilt? l i l f W ? f t ? - C R R t f ?
A f l w t t c t t i t ? ft?ct t A f f M f f t c A ? t c t i w]^ wfir? Wtf?t? f t f t f t ? WtfCf R f A ^ I C t ? At Atc A t t
^ t R t Sc^ (itAl lilfAt? 2tff?ft t s f t f t 'G R l R t f f t f t tfit ff??f SAti^ lilf A ? # A ? R t t ? fftc^T? I fft fICR? f^ttff
ftfft RtR W t ? f|?75 f t ? lt TO? I fft TOTfSf?

2tf^ ?ttlR tttt, ftft tt|R Wtftft? f M WtWl?T? cftC?? I
C t t C S t M R t R T C f , AtAtCt? t C t I M t t t t , R t M ftttR, tt? f t ? ?f-?tTO -3 M f C t ? RtftCt? RtAttT "3 RACttf?tt?
Rt?AtR t t t t t t ? t ' R - t R R t t tt?l*>?llA W t f f % f f??lM lilff^ R l t T f R?,-^ t ^ f C ? ? I f5I1C?? f?f^ 5tc tAt? .
?5f??Tf?CRR mi f t f A t t t t t , AtAtCf t ' t C f A ^ W t Qtftft t?^S?t?f Afft? AtCR fft WtT^r?I lilff^ s t f ^ ?1|
At^tlfAtttR?^ f M AJt f?t At?tM I lilt R W f t f l c a ? StfMt? C?tttf f M C?? lil?? lilftttC? M tf%5, f t -3 t^StfCR?
t ? ^ ^S^M?f W?t?T f g R f t R t f CRtCf Mc? RR1C?? f?R R?ftC?? f ? ? ^ f ^ Wt?S f C ? ? I lilt R ? ? t ? R t t t t t ?
tft f t t ? f i t A t ? l f A t mi m^ WtCRtR?, ?tAt RAT ? f t f t i ? t <Mîct^ tf^t A ftcR? lit?? TAr? ?tW??M st^
Wt?t "Wt^Rt?-'l tf%Att 'Stt t?t#t" RtCt t f t M M , Rttt 3 R f t M ^ ? ^ f t T f T f f t l R C f f?Ct? RTAttT TO I s t t t fft
FtT^ M SciTO?^ A t t c f ^ R f A f r ? t c t ? t r o ' s f?c^ f?5ct? f??t:^ w f A t ? f c ? ? iir?i w?t ftc?? Rc*tt lAtct?cf
R f R t % f 2tfM A t I WACtCt i{o{ l ^ t C R l i l f t R M ? f , l i l M Rtt?? ^tc ?ftf fC?? I lit fC^ t t t t tttt f f s f t
tlAfCt? C?^ RtA^ tt'Sft t t t t Wt?^9?t? CAt ff?Cf|ctR, ^ ^ f e f ^ R t f ? ? f C ? ? I WSt? S ^ (?TAt t c ? tAt? RtCt?
R l R t f t f Atc ??t?t ^5t?t f5=I-tC?? SftRtCt? St? Wt^Rt w i t ^ At?) R t f Tf??T^ f ^ (WtfAtft ^3 Wft%, iii-Ai % )
tftbfsfRf f C ? ? mi f R t ? C f t t ^ W lAt? t t R f t A f ? f f s n f RtRT f t A T ? f C ^ Cttt t t ? I t A t W fCftfCR A W f ?

;mt f A t t t R ? t t t t W t f f % f 'ftt f A t t t R ' Sttft RtR f M f ? ? ^ ftCW tft?tA A W t t t t ? ffSfC? lil??; f t M - i i l ? Wf?ftC?
ftlAtRC? Wtft? f?t? I 'ilttlR f R 1 ? 'Wt?f'R-AtttTR? tATstf?Ct?W?tt?f?R t l i t t t t t t t i ? 5 t M f ? ? ^ ? C = 5 ? M t M
' i l f ? t ? f ^ W S J I T O Atc W ? R t t t ? t ftfft Rt TO I lilt ?'ftt? W??5tt ? t ; ff? lit RlttC? R R ? t T t f t t f ? f C ^ RTfCSfT
Wt^gÂCt t R R t tttt'S Wt?'3?t^ t t t t ? RAC?tft tAtttMt iir?i f t 3 t t M t??fft ^5tc A f t ^ 'tttt tttt? f??f5 2tT?
fICR? I tAiC f ? W W l t ? ^ t R t ^ t t R ? StfM I M I W?CtCt i5AA % fttTi f W t ? f ? f t C ? R W f M AtCR
wpsftt W A ^ lilt ^ w??ft f ? c ^ tttt t f t t ^pc^ stff?f?^ fc?? iii?i f?3jtM ftfS ^ c
WtT1?J ctct? A ^ t f f t ttte t t C f I fCR f t ^ t f M t R ^ WfCtIt? Wttc R f R f t R A? If f t t tft??t '3

fRf??t? fSjCttft W t ^ R t TO 1 l i t R t ? ftRC? f f f W t f t t !
CSiR ?tf?T f M f ? C ^ ?1WTfRt?t fttM A?, AtAt WtTt?ft
t t f t RC^'S t s i ? W t t ^ ' 2 R f ? f C i i ? f?CSfCt? lilRtft A t t ? W?J
?t1? I
ftRC?? Rtl M Wf3!5t ff?C ?t*lt C?? I Wtt'SAt? t t t t tAt?
f ^ - f t t A Atc 'ff^. RtC? t ? f t 1 f t ?tRtR f R f ?
A ^ R l t T f RftCt? Rt?t Wft? f t R t t l t c t ttft 'S f^M
Âfff't-ft b i ^(AttlRCf ( f t f t iS.olr fSfCR t t S R f A l t t t - i i l ?
Rffft ^t?t ftCttft cftC?R mi t & t % f Wt3i=tCt? f ? ? ^ f^ f f t ? t ? ftlAt?? Rt f C ? ? ) , t ? ^ ?5f?CR fft lilff^ f M
t f w t R R t ff?C t t C f ? I l i t fC^'S t t t t t t t t tAt? RACttft Rf?M wtAtcw wic?tAt f M f a ^ Atc f f t ? afAt f c ? ? i
f t t t c ? C?t f f f ^ t R R t f t f < atfC?t? ff?C t t C f ? I t t tAf liltsfC? f5TtC?? t t f f C R f t f M ' w r ? f ' R - A t f t C f RttRl^t
m^ WRR f^ M I f t f t t t S f f t t C t ? ^R?t5t wft W?f RltJf t f t t ? . Wr?C? R t t f R f C ? ? I AtCWTA ? T f f ? f t W f t Wtf?
?R?T R t f t f t t f t R f^ tf?5tR?t ff?C R t ^ M Rt ; f C R ffsff^ Rftft fRtff f t t t R t t t t R t t t R f C ? ? I W8t?
fSlCttft t ^ l M R t C R ^Mt At? I t A t ? 'iff ?R? t ? i5iA % Wtfgf tttfSf f ? C ^ SttR CStfRC% f ? ? t f 5 ^tCR t t tt
ARft? f^ Wt?^ A ? I f t c t M , Rtf?t, tf^fACtt tItft ^^tCt? ffC4 St?t? t f t t c t f?C?tt f ? t A ? I iS>A8 RC? W t f t ? R l R t
t t R t f t ffttCff?
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Contents
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n % i t i m I (itrnw itntat itutfn { j j -. ~ ^ ^ L i ) - C I m i i ifim m im n, fif

vs
ifwt? f^ MT? ff%mf^ 1 'ifiei5 p i_^l i f t mfSm imiei vs Sm cmici
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nt^ ?5m I m m n -t-J (jj , n tm i*f i? "t5tei mfntei

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t m f fiitem
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Contents
trot (J-08 tf?T
'wtaWs t f t Atw1<f 'tfs^-'R-flt ( S t , iftft, Ma)-cs lilt A lilft ?t^S?R ^ftft 1^ ttt I ^1 . H i - a t R t ^ j : j_>^ ?tc Si|,
ffertrwf I liitotCTR&Rfft? *its4iwftsracTOarm tAt? w f ^st-tt? I W R -? w f RttSiC ^ t , ( R R ^
Rt R,R? f t R M A t t t t1W 1 f f t t ? CRtCf? ^ lift (R, ft5 ftttc? S a R RtR ft'AtW W R f t R ftttCA t f a t ' I t f f f f t t ?
'Sltf - RtRt W i t f t S R R ft'?tW-ii) f t W A? liRl liit RtRt CRtCf? t R t t lift Ct, tfAtt' "3 'ft'?ttW ^tf^ 1^ 1^ W t t ^
ffSRf artfe t A l A t f1?R At?t ftRtftt I Woiil?,ft'AtW'S t t l R ^ t I lilt t R t R 1f%C ^ttAttt ACR? Ct, ft'?tW ^tt?R
ttAt"? R ^ AfS'SRt artft? atttftf f:t? Rft R t f f ^ I ^tttC?lilflM t t s t ' W t ? i ^ ft'?tW ?CR I tAtCt? RC
A?? 'Wtfttt (?t). A?? Sl[ RtRttt (?t), A?A Sf A t f ftsiRt' tf?3t t f t '^tC Attf'R-Rtf f t t t f 3 , WR ft'?tW f f f f
(?t), A S W "WtttTR (?t), AS? 'wiR? t?f'R-'WtR (?t) a t f t
?tC ^ W t t f t f 3 I tAfCt? RC RtAtfct? RCtT S? R^Rt
?^ R l t J f affslftf ?lft ?5tlRf, f f t f t R , tA^ ^?t?W, 'SASAt
R t C f t f a t ' tCR? ?T?At?ftÎ R t A l f f t f t t ' S t f ? t ' R R
tA5*A-f?t?? atft tft't lilt RC? R R < f C ? , tAt. ftw?
atAR ftwtt? Atf'S'R-Wt'S'SAtR RtR ^tc afR lilf ?R? f!R? ?tR?rt ft'?tw ftrfte?, wt?T? f tt's "îfcRTcf tt?" wcft
R ^ I tRlR f t t f (?) tAt? 'R lA^' ' aJCf Aft'S C f R f?ftt t R f t ?T?At? fi?Ct I WTtR lilt R ^ ^ftft AtfSftCR R?tt^
tÂ Scat fC?R Rft, Atft At?t?tftfft?TtRftw?-''1A?ff A t A t f t t , Ctt ftACt t f t t ' t R f t S? R & ? R atft atTRtWI I
R B R R f ? ?'ftR RfC^R CRC? liR? 'WtfRR R t A ( i R W t f R R w f t f f S? tACAtt:t? f f t t ? tSRt l i l f t A f t ftrt I Ctt?
RfA, ?IWR i o R Rt?tf R?) ftw? (?tf'S'R-Wt'S'S?tR i AtAt f ? T f , t f t c t ? Rtt RTtn lilA? W T ^ 'S WtAlffCt?
ftO-iil? R 5 r R 'ilCf?tC? f c ? tR?t' ftRtCW? R5RtCf ^ f t r 1 CtCAf R t t ^ ?tCW? t???tRfCA WC?f t t R t?R lilt?
ftttc?? I t f ' RfRQ R5?t?f? ft?JtRtt?m ft'?tCiSR : R 5 ? R .ift ^^tcRtcf? w t f t t f ? f W ? f ? Scat t ? t , ft t?<ifTfic=i
?tft?tci? I tAte atRtft A? ct, l i f t f t c t t c ^ tc ftsf?c? f f t t ? ?fsrtftf? f w R S? R5?t 1?wfS JSttt t R iiR?!At?t
ftfftR f c ? lat R 5 r R R t t f t R ftftt 1 f t f t R t f t f tttt fSRfCf Wt^ RC? ?#?tt T^ i i f C 3 t ?f?t fftc W t ? S
ftW?C? ib- RtR liRl W t R - f ^ i t ft??t i^Js RtR fC??, RfSCf fC?? ; W R tAte t?fifftC5=R WCtCft C t t f R tf?! tAtCf
,ftf?t fi??tC5? I ftf tAt ff?ft C?, W t R - f f tAtC?ttT A t f c t ?
lilft r 5 r r f???t RC? f f ? ? t tCR? r tAtct? tc ft'?ttw
t t l f f ^ RCA^ I ttAt ^^Sf, lift ?tfttCt? ACftjSRC?ft^f c ?
ffSAtC? ^ t t f?Cf ft??t C f f fAt Wt^-RtWR Rtf?R
lilf fSR? 'JC? ASf ftlAt ft^ f R - C f f ASf, t t ? t ' ftRlCW?
A'SAR (ff?tC?ftt?R?) f c f R ? R f ^ A? I tAtCt? A
R 5 ? t R ? t f t A? 1
fSR C t t f t t R5?tft ^'SAtC? Attn AC? Rltft t f t t t W f t t f t f ? t ' ? R5Rf ff?aj ffSftC?? fSt ?tf t ^ t C R Staff
AftStCA I t A R fwtf? f???t A?? Wt?tR (At)-? ?f?R tt'Stt
Rtft?tRt?tCA? ( W . Muir, Life of Mehomet, i!Ao f . ,
? R I W R ftRTCW? r 5 ? R Scat WTCA f f t 'wR-?tWR-iil, AtAR
iAi) L lift REHt Cft? RtCt RftatM C t t R t C f t ? ? ' S r R
(?t) ^sftc ?ft WtCA (tt?tftf'R-f??t, it, i^Jsi) w f ^?t^fatA
f???t fWffMotC? ftfo AtttCA W t f Rtf? (?t), RtfRf t ? ?
RfRfwr (?t) itft Rt^- t f c t ? ? t R r t f C A I lilt A T f % ^ S?
( R )-Cf %fSC? lilf ? ? R fC? ?tf'SR-Wt'S'SttR ttCt? i t
tft:t '?t 5 R t f?t? A t t t f t t l lilft A t f St RtRlRtS (?t) r 5 ? R RCtT t t f f T f??itCt? atCAtW? WJ? ff??tC?? lift ft^Ct
Ct, tffg f?WTC?? f?T ?tf t f t t t c ^ t f S t t C? ?f!t ?fA?tC?
iftc t ? ? RfRQ R'ftt f1??tc?? I t ? ? R t t w t R - ' a ? t f t f ? f C a 5
i t AtRttttR? ?*fttft'a ftftt?^ ff??tC?? I CfA C f t ? t f "S? SAtC cf?R tf?aj t ^ ^sftc ?t?f'R-RttjftR t f 3 qRCt? Scat
- ? t f ' S . t t ' ? R AIR ?ftAt'S ST^t ff??TC?? ( W R - f ^ f t f , ' it, WtCA I t ^ t r o ft'AtCW? ^ t f ? t W t f t R t f 3 I lift f?f%R
Oo^b) I t ? ? ft?r?t, W t t - f ? t ? t f ( f . A'bS ft.) t A t fCR tAtCt? RC t t s t ' ft'AtW RtCf ?ff f f t t ? fttACt?
'wr?ft'R-?tf? ( f . S^bOft.)RtWt? RtR ft? fftttC?? I ftfgT WC?ff?Ct.'^ff A t t t ? R 1 tAt W tf?t'-R ^
t ? ? f f t t f ? i^ftAlftfC?? tC?J t t t t WR-?tft't t t t t W R - ?<fttftf AR*^ lilfW?, fft At? Sl[ Atf', (?t)ftfW t f
Rt^RR*^ 'At'Stt tr^ lilt t^tt f?t? Rft Scat ff??lC?? I -tftRi t f t ? c t ? c ? , t R ? t ^ ? w f c ? t f g a i A ( R ) WlRRtC?
fAtft?'Wt?5'R-ttf W t R - t t f f t f A1?tWRftftltC??l 'Wtstttt W??1R ?#Cf?C51?T S T [ A t f ' (At) ^5tc RtW? fAtf%?" f ^ t C ^
W t t ? f t f ?Ct? Ct, CRtCf?t lift R^ tAt fftmc? lilAl tc? 5rf%f5 f?ftg ^ t?w f?w ajc^ lift RB?t R t t f ?t?t Scat
f?t A? Ct, lift ?<ft[tt w f t f ? t f t n f ftf?CtttT I Cf??t ff^StCA-t I fff liftt? ?*iRt? atff5c tf?t'? afRC^ AtâtA
fttt lilt Ct, "itfifct? tc?j ?t? C f R ?itttc? tct tRtf^ (R)-iiR A t t f "R-ttfttR t % ftc?? fft ?Rt AtStC? I lifttA
A? lil?? C f R tRHRft W t t f t f R CtM3?t ?T?t Rt, t? wft^?' fCSR C f R A f ? R RtfâtlA (Rj-iil? W t t R R t f ^TOCt?C f R
R T O T R ftftc C t t t t t R f t R l l f tftc Atc? RtAt? St? tfsf t f ^ Rft I wiiR, tAt R t f ' S i t (?t), t t ^ tt? Wt'SR
WtRR t f a t t A R liR? ttAt CRtfCt?ftf& atlsftf v3 f t f (WR- (?t), 'WT'ttT (?t) "3 Sl[ RtRttt (?t)-? ?f?ttfCA tIffalA
f a f tf, it, Oftft) I (R)-iil? 5 A t t f ' R - t t f ftR t f 3 t t e t ? Seat <lftttc?; WtRTO
ftRtWS t R ? t ' l i l f t 1wft?, Rt ft^ ft^Wtftf t f c t ^ t , RCt? C?t?t Scat f t , ttAt ft^RtCW? atTO W?f I TAt W
l i f t R 5 T O arrfft A f t T f t f e t ? Rctr a?? w T f ? i ? ? ( ? t )
C?t RTTtTCt RC? ?Ia?1C? I w f t f t t j t ? tC tf?t* ft'?1W
t t R T f ff^tefR
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Contents
t m (toi t m
ufii t n u'umn (u) Uturin i tuw? uu i t f SfHSciieuus ^LA\^^J^ L.UijjI'm^mnmue^

up (u) i f l c i u n fkit tmm
?3u? ifiuficn i îit ^ I C I m U ^ fcn I C U nfiu uci i" ftf?, ?ltfi?i1 m
n i
tuti miuf m n I'fuifci i n fimrcm itu Scii u^fm (m)-ci l i f n %wiiei nen uH fHu ?fii t ji
icn, ^ n Uffsn (m )-n ^*umfci men i<fim uif m r-i '..11 ^ "mm fH mtitei mcmt ifin" (i'^
Uifim fiiu cnmtcum? i u Scî icn u mtf, c m ^rf
mmff (u) fimitm Scî ifiuen f u u ^*^cuci mm? <v5), n tm wvsun m i t i s ^ yj,L_k_l_L ^
i
I U mmt ^ 1 ' ifiu uen i fif uug m-Uifien i U V^jLj 1 jlil. Vl 'mi, iHai mm mtm iHitn t mtH
Seî ifiuen f u u ^*êmiei imen i u ien u i tue itcH c m ' i f l i m u ^ Ufi" (i'^ s n m i <vo)
mfi n CI, fuen Hit tm' fimiw mfi ^tf^ H^ tile cn m ituei n, Ufm? ie^ l i f n iflt fiinm
itu I iat f^m Hf^ fc3! i f ^ mumi ifn finen itffu miM ^fiu m u m? iff? iHift i f?, u m
iuiij uT lilt icu3 menrici f ? itu mm ci, liit fitf? ?'fm mtei ( L I - J V J - j'Liaj <(_J_a (_5_>J I
8 <>
itu' Uifm (m)-n i f f i e n infiei miUt itufn I m m "H'?tw m?fm miUt ûHi ?n tm
ifln
u C i e n fiei i cim lat^fei ifuu Suei ffuei ei (1-) m^ nfief|i, ^ fUtc^lii n i tm m^ fli
ieii f c i ? itu ifiuen mu fimiewi i u ien, mm mi I iflt mfei? cm int iitsfi ?ft?ici ? - ...i.
UUU 1Ui ien itu iHuen TUen ifu tnit' mfn i jjt,j m m " f f i f l itc m i i t e n ,
ifltn imci cn cn mmm ^ten mHi Hmtesf? lUs Uiu

fH flcn 'rni-uifSr^'i-uui'-ifl i SfH uu
uen I 'mramt fimf? cfi ^flmfii Hmiew? i H (u^f
m iflt m
iufi 1? n , ituft? 1? f i ^ (m)-n

"f-Sgi, fin, fif 'mimu t n U'f? f m n f e ?
U f f m f i i t
mtfiufn I ^ f , mm ii? m?m Hum, n cm Ufcn

i i , 188) I
ii?Uw HmresT? iei m f i mirr fiiten i mm f ? i f

fm ifiu mfiten cm mici mm? mH
?fi?ten c?, tnt' ^ Hmtw iîit itu i fH fifiiten, tut
ifiuoi '^s^'
mtiit^fii fiiiit^fim? mfi m fin n i citun utu

((to
mfimi
8 <)
fitfRfi,
a n t i u f i ?fitifci tu?t n i l uû u?" (ir?i

i m "^t n^ fiu mm icim n ifnti f?ief" miftiei
umft?, ^(t(t) fimn ufiji mc< i n i u m ? 1*1,
va i t f m i U f f m
m fii mernn ifiUen mm

i i , I
tmu' u Hmtw H lilfc? it? Ifli u mtfmitei, m:T| (1-) Hmtw vfl t i u ' - c vflt
it? I f l l u wti mifm-iiit ie^ ii citei? imu, tit 'jfife mil va '^ftift? cm cm m ciH mm m i
itfffii va mi mifm iftuHi i tuen ff^ ât c?, ifig ?fi?teini min cm tuc mit^ ffi itifwfi-u?tn
f i i i t
fum ufei fmt mmm itu ?'=fu i u itiic^ i u?f "i-Uffii

I t f i i t ifiuen 1 mfei mei, itfi?u
l i i
?n mmei )-n i u 1H1 m

va vflt
mn utum cim ieuwi m i mm i f l t m mf t u i fim'

t f U ' U f f m (m mfimi
iffm Semi f m mfie

ief t m mimf 'it?i- fifii' i e f fifiuen, "ciieiu uHi,
va
n
i f ? m
m f ' 1 - m ' fmm

f i i t u?f'i-Ufficn f i n i
mrm
Ufffti (m )-ci t l i m mem ?Ttite? fif^ i cmi mtfiu ?Hcn m ffi inei <flei nten
m t m t m m^-T?f?
iHuei I ^laiH 1^ int CI, iflt itu? n t t m:T( f|i i fif fien
m ieisf? wvam
)-n i m H Ufei uu
mfntsi cm, fiut miui f i ^ va s^s?fHcn leu umi
I Iflt i m c i U f f m (m iflt
fin-mfii, fitfmi *nfmfîi c? if^ i cmi ien

vg
mm CI, îiffsii^ (m)-ci l i f e ?

vflt m i m i t i t f i i i 4_Ji L,] J < a L i j ^ , > - ^ i i o i i J L i m m "mtH u
cit uf%5 u f i i ? m va ienu Î'f^jticn f f i Site t m tfer itfitm m mtgti uif " i - u i f i i c i mtm mtm
m i w if?u ufien i uf^fi? iitm m< -flftu m m mtiu f i c n 1 mtH n t u e n c i îra HiiiiH ?He itfim
cm i?m m, ?H u Suen fiaimi cm fmt i f i uvau n mH u ? f ' 1 - u i f i f e i fHu iHu utefli 1" c n
m n i iiru m< i n i u cm meit mm ici, mu U l f " i - i t i f i i e i U f ^ i m ( i ) i f f ei itftu m ^ - ^ m
^^ci m utm icum it" f#m, m'l-tnt") i m e i m i H ? t f i c n 1 mtm w t f t w n t m n e w ff??
(it?i
muen mu, tU ufasiten n ^-^ uf mm fii f|i (f4iii)-n ufei m e i n , (m) i f i u e n " m r u c i
U f f m
u I turn ^ iflt fU uf t^?i*fci tnt"? imii i-fm n c i t i t n f i ^ c m i ituei,

n H wtft wtum 1" ifln
m ituei s J I ^\C'/'j \ i j "mH c? t i t c i t n e n i u m f f i i f m ffci? mre? tuiH

(^tf?.) fU cmuei ciutuH" (ii s vbo) I i f ? e f i c n (firf ffp) 1 mn n m H'urcw ( i J , j
ifim mm tuei i^^jC^^) m itîici i m -^^
Iflltn
'- ') " m s n C I mm fiitif iti" ((to s b-) m f t
^Vi
fcn m t itu U C I I t m n i n 'fiuut utfi?' ief? m e i ciH f n t i mn m t n um f ? f i ? ' ' ^ f ' m '
t n r f H i r e m
t . H . < t M
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Contents
W I
(It)-? I'Hm m i cn, ?i%[m ( 1 ) iPi?iRH,"mfi mm ilt wtmvs ?5*[ ^ ? | i f i I m iH tu ^Tf H?u itmi n
s f H i H m iTffm oifimfi" m tu 'jfifHt ^ u uei, ei tu m H?u iffi fli um wu m^

Iflt
lit istn1 wu ffi

i i n ? intwi m ut i latstn wtmei Sni i u m, v a n ' H tit
ifi<!H? (m)-n
^ i U f ^ y n
tiu' "3 fimtravs f%fi mus ffi U ? u 5 m i u u n ut iutu "^Tl ^ i ?l i i n fli tu v a n

I t m itc i n
mtl? c m cm U f m ^s^citci S^ttu tiu wift vs H f t fll uu uu I C I i t c i v s i f i e i ^ wtm, m

mtm clutu? w u mi, citi tm wt^ wtmtm wtm icimvs c i f fii fn i fiten ie mtei mtu
i c v o ] uiitu miH?t? mfvs ?ft?ici, uuc u ^ Hew? wf?u? Sitei W f i Uiuen
H f m m5u f m icnf u u v s c?,
ufiut Su cUic Uc? I mm f m t mtei c?,

m van (m')-n tfaimsji: iumitei cwjtfi? fli i m
?iff?in
cieufs, cmi m U f ? ^ 1' ftei ulue? m c?ii?if fm imu Sitei 'mil' Hmt I'tt ?fiu mutH if?u item
l f ? ? m i t v 5 l t m [ 1 , W f ^ vs WrUjIt^ vi|<i(;r|l<).| I .ilt Hi
:^5f^ 1^ ism wu iuuvs v3 i^'jj n m m m if?u
jLji_o
mft? ciiili5ct imt iufe? icu c?ii?ii u i u

m n ? ifie^ iie?m i i ^ it?ten iir?|vs Suei van
n i
Uf U I iil<t>tlc<t itSHlIUt?3U't I s i t t itillfll ? t ? ' l - U l I C I ien m meitm? it ift itu uei i

U f ?
fii fiew? wmm fii m (m )- fiew? wmm

U f f m mfitfif'm-fm'-n t m us- fftva mm fifimten
c m
ficn, m i?mf mm mm? Sflu cim m (i) ( i t l "i-if, i v s i , 8 o i ) I cn S? I C I ?

U f f m tu ? w i t i c?,
m f m - U f f i i cific utcn i mmt fii i

vat i t u v s vii?5H fll liin vaiH ItHn vs mutfmi iiff m umi wtm vs
itU%m? ICU um f'nHmt Suei imt-t mtUffi umi
(U) ?i ' S I ^ m fin, cituei muen uftn
itc
isfic? I, tfgnfm mmfii wtifi fium citn Hfii i m ?fiu

t f t wtft? ?en, "fUm tmu
t f i mtci, fic?fbvs 1 ? , tif m ? Uei u I c?eif
itc ? f ^ (m)-vat U f f m
f f i ?en, U'f? t f i "Smt mttei Uimtcn c?, f'mtfiu t f U ' mm^ ^ m cit i m lift fUfH mus i u m fli
t n mf fmt? fi?5t
(U)-'a? (10-vfl? t n m
U f f m u, citcif fiemen m j l ' i i t i apft? wu Smei
m s i m
(tiu') miei fwmt ?mf itcifHifiei, Sufnuim? 'mil' v3 c?si 'mm', it?ra c?n 'wtm fim
1 ^ itc nH 1 J l-Tl <dJ I U:JJ i ? m f H f t ' ?Hu ?lu if??fen i mtu Suei i t f i vs
( t ? 1
wtfm, tff?, f U uft tiu*^, t n Him, Hfil-Hmtw; mutt? iHuen fmt tu âtwu iHuen ci, u^^fm
i j n m n , iî)
^ i , ?'^fuft? fiî fifnf ?it?tei (m) ne? uu fii i?c?^l ifiuen n i citfc? iii-nci?
i f i f vat
r,); e n u U'f - ? t n "S?! n? f ' I t f i m m f t

ir?f? wtifn ifif f m wu ?fi ?mf n n i leitiH
f i c n u I t n wffm-vi)? m ? ' H t s .i^^j-^^ ^\
fm-itei? m m i ^ c?tte? ffnt m, mu mten mmi
u g a ^
iie?mn fli i îH i^?j? wi, itmt ^ itei? ?iiJiêi?

fim? ci=3i ! i n , figtifm itm? ?fiwie? mH
n
uftn vs itfffii imi ?sfiu m, m iff? mutfmi wi,

ui . L _ ^ <Li ^ 'mf'tu ( U ) m ?#c ite? 1 isn i t m ?fiwie? ift uftn
ifien, " U f f m (m ) - v a ? cn m ^ n mtt, n i f i t n imittim ?t ittc uei, mutfm wie Sm m
itfmte? uH m meu n" ( t n wtft?, fuf? f?f uft ,t uffu m I latwu v^ l u m i H f t i i m wu, uu
ti^r*fi; t ftm, H wm-tmu') i
n u m i wtnci iurnî ,if?e uH u, f u u u'u
I t i u
.iit ?'Hiftevs fitm t n t f m n? 'mttu fifm ( L j ^ J ) VS 'mn' (. i.r.<) imvsH ?j?m ifiuen i e?fiten
( U ) - ? I C U n w i mf mm mt^ Uf?-if??ten w^t?s u f ^ imt vs ?stii-iii? i<!fituen tnHi i-tt n, i l i i c
m f i f o
m Scf 1 m I m iSi, iflt cmen ie Hmtw vs tnt' 'at im l i i u^-ifif^ mjiff uei i mtu iei ien ci,
c#5 (^jj ..-v) mftc? n , m cit f ^ mffe? ititfii, uu til cm lat W f wie? ?mm ufiuvs Sue i f n u,
mtl f m fsm umnei utn vs imt mifm ut?jtfm wi, tuen ie wti H f f v s mutHn wie? iieim:i um
nen wu m ifiu uen i f? ien ie t U fn c^? fH ie? u I tmt fifif H f m v s iî^ft ^ mff? cwte?
i m "wtm vs fim l u i f H f f " 1 5 f < 1 umi m?-fm iiff S^ wie nm n, cffic
vat CI, u^fm (i)-n tnt' Hnt H'uw 'î m t n citem uu umi m[cn muff i mu itm iwti H f t ite^,
(if5i?t uei lini cm mtmi fli u ; mm wti mifm fuu Hmfmvs wti I m vat if?ei mitu Suei "y^t Hsu
u m i cm ituvs fn u, n i cit wtm u m i wtm I ' u ifim ieuwi um ien mtt i tuu ?en, ât itu
itc ien "Si c?f mf^nt^fll mfue U f ^ m (m)-n <iiei?te? W f i iftitei m tif wti
H f m im H f m n
va(^v^(voifci n fgt m itufli C I , Sm f i m mten vs l u m i mil fll um fiSf? cm ûni uvsu m u

?5U
t m f fiitem
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Contents
a-os
trot
^9[T. lilt t f t ^ t t 1^ R5?tr4 wtst ? M ?ff?t w t t j t f w t t ? f C ? m i f t T O fftffC f f M W l t R I TO tTO CtCA?
R M ?;CA? lilf SffR R t f '3 RlCttt A W R M I i& R t C f ?
ftgt? t r o f f WAIT" A l W wrIT# 4Ry|c?H CASH A I M t f T AC^t ff? t ? At? f t t ( ' W t ) - C f tTO f?C?? R C ? ! R t R t
R T t f W t - l A ' M S f t M AtStC? (fAtft, AtA ftfRR-AtRltft) W t T O ?5f?C OrftSlfACtH, t c ? W R R ff? tAtCf. ibt WtRttTR'3
ATAtA Wf Wtt W A ^ Wt^5tfAA?H, ATAfC A t f t f f t f ^ A t ? CiiftC t i t s I (Act-t, WtP RfCRt Wfc? Ct, At? f t t ('Wl)-Cf
t t f S k ? f Atc WRCttCAtf ^?rt tt?t I C? tAtC'Q lAt?t 1 T O TO?Atc f M bi WttRtC? mi Rt?t tl'Qtt A? R t
t M o BtcA==t ct, ?tffatA ( t ) lilt ' { R % t M t t ? M h tAtCf W t T O f ? C ? f t R t t t f W t t t A ? R i t I lilt

CtTO ^tC
mi % # ? i t c w tAt? t t f stfft M I f R f t t , t f T R ? W f M r o R R t T O lilt Ct, ? 1 f ^ | ^ ) t t ? At?.,ftt C W D - C f (R
A 3 R T WttCR m^ mi m^ SciHi f?M ^ f?M ttit a i ^ ' WtRRtC? CttftttfWIR t ? S A I M WTTO W ? ^ , W R tTO
fMc?t I 'jftft? f ? C ? M CttCASWAfH I tTO
'wiattt t A ^ R - f l M wt^^t-wT'oMt-'Q l i t tt^sATO m^ tR?t' "Q f t ' ? 1 W R t C f At? t I A ' Q R f f R f ! ^ f A t M
M ^'ftt f M c ? A I M t w t ' - A ft^ S c a t f t f M R t c i A , f ^ A R t f t g wf? .lilt Ct, i& ? M Wt5f W ? ^ Rtfte? R l t M

t A A t A A f f A t A 'Wt'ttt (?t) "3 f ' W t M (?t) ^ C ?<=fAt AtttM 1 C? tAf M t t M '3 W t M Wti5.?C?? t A R f lilf
f M c ? A , lAtAt Sc?t- A M C I A ct, tt'^lcw A t f f f t A (^)-m Toff? Wt, w f i s . ' w t t t t t ARAtt '3 'WtRttt MlR-iil? ^ t ,
W W C f ^ W R t C f M t tt'Qtt AÂtM lil? tAt? OtA l i t 'jMc CttttC? ?1ffftA ( R tftc? W )-'il? t M ttf^tjRfl Rf|c?t
^ ^ M t H % I A t t H ? t f t t ( ? ) AtC'Q iit?it ?4?t-tt'SAt f M ÂtM iil?llAt?

Cf3?t fftttf '3 RBtt?ft f?f^ ARit
'3 WRtC? C?TO ^ t t t M I f f ? ?C5=H Ct, f t ' ? t C W fAtCf W t R -
?i? 1 M ^sftM ?ttt S M ct, t t ? t ' M ? ^ ^ A t M M ? t
W t f Rt RtMf R t ? t tt'Stt A ? lil??, R t ? tRt?tf M - f f o t A t '3
R t l t C ? ?t 5t?t C f ? R WtMtC? At511^=1, lilt ^ f t t ? tC?T
t R ^ W f ? t C ? W?Tt?! I t r o ^ f f ^ TTO
WC?f t f t f j ?MCA I At? 'wtttt 'Q f ' W t M (?t) ? c ^ ? t
Wtat^ Rtfte?
ct, t t ? t ' c f ? R m^ ?Tf M I tAt?t ?MtcA?, tf?t'-c ^ wtaf w f i R Rl^?tM I e? t A t ? (ttR) R t f c?t Wte?
?tt3[atA ( t ) - i i i ? w t m f ^ W R t c f R t t t tt'SAt ^ ? t M mi R M AtAt StTO Wtl (JIJi_ jJl-c) '3 ?tlARS Wte? RTOff
tAra c?A M M t R t ? M J R H M i '^t ^ a t ^ tc?T M ^ A T A t t t - ' ^ R t lilA? Cttte? S? Wte? f??Rt?#? RAWAtIt
tftfi ? M c ? I cf??t f w ? T f t ? t ^ c i i M t t c f tAt? ?MC? I i i t f f ? C t CfTeA?St?WT5lRftfftl?Stf?=RRf^?tCA,
? ? i t l i l t c t , f f t ? t M ? ^ a t M f ? tAI? R f C t WtAt WR W M ? S t ? W t M f???lft CttCA? w t f t c ? TOtM AtStCA 1

A? I CR CffftC tt? c t , tAtCf WtRRtC? M ? t RWt At f M ? .ittc? lilt?? ? M 2tff^ ?AR! S i T ? t M ^?t TO I
WRf C f H Rt?t AfStt At?tCA, W t 5 tAt? WtWt Sc*fi Sci fwM

ctt ft'?lCW ?1ffalA
RfR tR?t' C?TO
'3 (R )-Cf
R t t f f i R t C f t t f s ?1? R t t 1 "S^ i i l t f AttlCA c?, fff?tr AtSiCA M M ftc? M ,

tAt'S W?T fft? ff? C?t'8ff
^^TAt? RfstC? litf s f f M f ? Atft? f M ftAtC? I ?rAt?t AC^^H Ct, ?1TOR fMf?A?it'3 M I SAJC f f ? t f f a T A
W?! (R )-'il?
RtffatA ( R ) - C f WtRRtC? Silttt R'Qtl AtSlfAt tAt?t ^ tC5=t wtfkt? cjtef? w M At?teA w R A R I A t s t c A c t , ff?
f53!
f?^ I lilf A R ?CfH Ct, tAr? tt'?lW C?A 'Q W t ^ SC?? lil?? lilf S ^ ^ t f 5 cftflAte?? c t t t t e ? w t ! c f H t t f ?
R M ^t^lfAt, Wt? WRf A R ?C5=H, S A I C f ? ^ Wtf%ftC? R I R M f f lAf fff?tf cftftC tic? R t I tt?1'-? R&TO ? t ^ ^ t A (R)-Cf
A t ? t % mi CtA f f i J R H M I tAtAt'S tfRC -ptCA^ ?t RtffWf"R-AtTO ^tc t i R i W f " R - W t f T O ftCf ^t?t ?t'3TO t C ? !
ct, R5Rtf& C f ? R lilff^ R t ? t ? t M I tAfCt? ? W , A R I l i t t M AfAAfc? ct, t t f t t t t I *f'ctt R f t t e t ? c f g f f t ? i ? f ' R -

tt'SItt ft'?tW ÂtM >il?l "sfCRtCf f M R'Stt
W t m f t TOfM l i l t T O f ? T O l R C t ? e f c^-GRt ^ste? i tAte tM'3 liit
At^lfAt i Wiil?, ftRtCW ?tffaiA ( R ) C?R? WAIR R f f H A ? tRtIC? ct, A f f f i t A f f ? R R R f t , W R At?

(R) S? t??lttt
iii?i tR M ttAf M ^TO?tAt SAT wctRt'Q f t M ? ('Wt)-iil? S ^ A t f t f l ?

C? ?R? t M ^ f C 2 R ??tt?eiT?
t t
M W t ^ C?A ^5tc f ? f ^ ^5tc cat? ?tAf f W t l f ^ ?Ct! ? f ^ ^?t WtfReM t A t f A t R t R (R)-'il? tct! ^1?TO
Ctf^lC t R I W f ? f f R t f ^ ^ ( R ) W t C R f M tf?f|fC f W f , liifî f M cfsRt ^ 1 A t i M liMn t w tttf'R-
ctt
lilt? f f tAR M<=f (%rt 'Mf) ?Rt A t R f f i R f f ? # M R t f f M ? S5?tftftft?iet t t ! w t f t e M , liit? tAtet?

At?t
f w t , W t P tAR C?n??\t f t A ? R t I M CttlC? fA'?tCW'a fef? CtTOwtatAt fM"Gtr^ ^ i w s t ? tAte

RRf^
R A f t t f ? AiA' ^JCRICf f M R'Stt A ? , M ^^=fro f f l R l t M t ^ ? t f f ? e t ? s t f lilt RfAff'3 M ct, t t R t e t ? R ! t

At R t I ff? ? j f f W?J f l A R ' S W t ^ f f l 'S f ? C 6 5 t A J # sttfet? W?T t A t ? t ctt t t % b|RcfAt l A t lilt? WtfRTO R t t
liltSit ^ # R T f igtCt? CRtttT Rt ? ^ t t t I W?J R^ttCt?. ittlCfei I W R C t t t t f t AtC'sCA f f C t ? C?^CR? t ? t W ? '3 *fi?R
? ^ Ct l i i t t t r ? w f ^ ? # c M , tAf M c?A ^te f ? f ^ liR? t R R t f W t t c f ? f?W? I ff? |?.'^ lilt ? t f R (R') R W t
A t ? R t c ? I f f ? RTOlft (R)-'il? t M ?iA #f5ft1?t T O ^C R M RM ? f M t t t c t ? 1 t lilt f T O RtffatA
t t R t f ftttCfR
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Contents
tm (toV
tm
(m)-ci ftw^t? iat f'm' 9m ofsm itîci g L,j j ufii (U) ^c ?fef ûci I mm t n ufim (u) iflt m
itu ufii t n ufufm (u) [fuf, fimfi-mt] itc
I'jl-Mal ilrui',, liL 'j3 ^ ' m , C I mm siHtm \ m w
fi?tficn citn ifi*^-? n? muen ? ^ mitcn
I UUCI
icnf m mm? 't m m m Han^ mm? fiit cffiuei fitcn icu nffii fit iffi m-fuf?
?rgt
ift m cmn? fiis m m it? if?va itummff ?'fu itfi t n "m^fimi? u?Teiva mui (u)-'a? ?'fuft
I
if^" % b-o; mrs f. m-fttff, Hm'i-ftm) i ?fi it?tci I fif v& ?'fu? i?ifi fi?euii U?1en
?'fuifcn fiif I iat mci tui fifii (?) tit? 'iffi'
tm? 1? j-ULlJ I J I "im mH?m
fitn f?f! it?m" (iH o Vi) iat mu? turn? fiwc?? n icf? 'Uf"i-tm'c Sm if ^ tfi m if?ut mffu
jji'j j S J m
fiucn 1 fH fifiuen c?, f m ?'fu? itmf? nmti

1? fci? I f n citfi >a?i im fiwc?? f?imi *ifi mt i lat
'2?ifm ?fi?tci I mf I t n (u) va ufii t n u'u'm
m?cit im fiwimci itf^pti (i')-ia? fci cmt iflt m?tft (u) it ifiuen ci, f u u fi'uew? itmf? ifft i i
Smf? itcfli (m-iitff, imfiw? uut?) i ?iff?ii1 (u ifig fm 3?i <^fi?icn i
fi'uw tm'^ ^ t ^ i "^"^
)-ifl?
mt? U f , vaUfifi^vs va
ifiu? 1? S? cms itffiti (1) moi f g <ififci< >au t n wtf? (u) ?f?f "i-u^ Hci tli nen ituH n?
lamt ? 5 f ? u u t u t itl mn i -at iici icn ci,
f ^
muen i&
mfii fimf?m cii ifiuen i mm
?'fufe3f
S i l t ? WIC (Jl_l_. j J I _ t ) iffC1 f ^ q"B|CJi ICU? ?c

t n ufim umi s fwm'^ Cm) i n (U) )-'fl? U f f m
Hit f m mficn, n ci cn mm ciw ii>iiitcfii i

vg
cut? ituci I Uffwf"i-muitc Uffiti (u )-ci itu fw??i'*fi cm) titei ifien s ci mu'- iffttm
itau? m?i lat CI, ftif^ ufsf^? fiiiii<if ? imi, fif?ifci? I t l I mm? i l l ! cmm Hteti van memf m inva
ff? ^ U
Uiu? i f m t iff-Ufi (m)-ci? i i i ? u fn i Su cn memi ie?i m i m mffmi (i) mm ficti memi.

va
m^ S ^ viiiwi4a,, c?iti itc Rt^fi mcit?s-?fii uu

ifiu Itm m ifien n iei cifien, n ^ mm
<jfiftc mfiu ifcci i ?iffsiti (u )rniiffci? tui ife^ m m i Uf^^fl (i) fwiu"^ ('m)-cifwv5atu ificns
it?tflcn, iflt I i f f t ? m.i? vat CI, tuu immt iti"1?tf m- tH CI ? fwiu*^ cm) ie!^? n cm S ^ u fiu *[
fii-ia? it n t ?wci m?w m nci? S i ? Uifmi Uien g fitm (i), itiei -^fi i msn fH mms i i
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ifiat f ? m Uffva ufi, muf? #?iifi^ m u mtm fH ? m u i n iten i ifltm mm? f^ i H n
va
?t?f (I'ffmf) ii tm' fi'uw isjs^ ?<% t f o it^tci I citei? ift tm mm Uti i tuu ?fii, ci
m-nmf ^?i(iiiwi ituf (U)->fl? m Scgi ufiucn miucimtm i cimttfi?, miiteiiiifm i ci
mvQvaiti,
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itfi?,
u? cit nicn fimf? fini ui ufntcn i t n mil? m wvam fii I fH mitcn mtitcn wvam fien i t m n
uf tm'^ci? ?TtiTi? v^n ?lif? ifimiit Sf ufiucn i ifltii m vnft fm itl iftva
ICI? ifl CIU I Iflt
f i l t l fim? I C U t m f u f (?) VQ tui f i f i i (?) mitei f^?f citicn um mtm if?i I fH mtm #fen I
tiicn fiw fiw I t f i icftm' VQ fi'itcw? i5u?f mo3m mme? m?f"i-uifiei Sif iten i cituei tm ifci
?1it fiucn f?fif, uu"^ tJtfi icf cifimc? ^
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U f ? itmimii f i f citn 'jcat fu? ?fu muen fiis Uimci (mtus

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mi-itmttf "i-fm, Clfli*i> fP i i ,
cftfiuei titcn I C U vfluwi u f iten m-mif, itu? ui^) I n fwiU'^ cm) Uien s miH if^ i f H
Sn fi? I U u? u tui ûf (u) tui f i ^ n (?)-iii? (<-._-. I jiij)iii?sf??fcn iH uH m ificn
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u f i ifra tm' va fi'uew? itu?f mf u? (u), UHu ^tei miH ffiu utci, mim Suv3 ffiu ut ; m
t n u'u'm (u), mui t n nfn? (u), t n 'î<!fîgi.n (u) iH m if?ci, mu ^tei miH fiewva iiqt itci, I U
va t n U i * ^ (U) ^ê if^ itîci I titen icu cicu?? mim Smvg iiqt itu ut i msn f m ifci m
u?wi utitf (?) c ? s n ?3enft ciftut fini c i i ?#?fen i mtm cm) vg m m ifei Siff i u i t i i,cit îQtc fH
f s n f f u l f i l i f ? c ? lilt l i t ? fUnf? fivîf^ sntitfii fitcn tui ^tm mt mm ificn i fw??t'Ti cm) n ?
va vg
?iu mf ?in (u), ufii t n n'u'm (u) va mti t n

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Contents
tm doh
<Piwi s (mt ^fwtd mtfH m m n m (mRmflcn, c i f n 1 1 , vsftvfl ; v s i , i b - 1 , ^ 1 8 , I v a i , ^ôjj ; g ^ t , ifa^fa, i S v f l , l o H ;
ffiff, mm f f i f m mff m f f t m i f i s mfci, f m fti, i S v o , v s b - 1 ; ( v o ) t n fiiti, f m 8; (8) t n mt'i,

W f I f f ifimtci i mm m t u f ^ m f itc ifimt i t t i t c i m f t i t , i / i i , i S v o , iivfa ; ( f t ) v s r t - m f , i i , i i f t i i . ;
i t f i m f i i , mfc mftfi tm sff mtft n , c i f n mfatn (vis) f i t ? f , m-mvsf'1-Sfi, i i ; (1) tif'i-'mtf,
t f f f i 1 I t m c i m t i f n f f i i t f i c n t i ? i D i Cmt), f m fitf'i-tim' t m itmfi'1-mmm ; ( b - ) t i f ' i - i tfiti
Cmt) vs Cmt) [ t n wfff?, i f t f , vul I m-wtsfimt, i t f ' 1 - m ' m , i i , v o o s ; ^mffifim, (fe) m
t n iff? f m ^ i f f l ? ^ -flt i-Hift Sf m f i m m i ^ s s f i f ^ m - m f i f t; ( i ) I t f m i îmiRmtn^, f ? t f m - i r f t ,

m fifimtcn c?, I t f w mifmfvs 'mtiftfm-ff^sm" i c f v o l , vofevo i . ; ( i i ) mwf m - f t i f i r m t n m n - m t n ^ m -
t n ^ ^ m n i t c n t i'fif Scgi f i m c n icismcfi5t m m - ' m n f . ( f i 3 feb-i f t . ) , mn-t?fifw f i ' i - i r m
f i i c m i T i m i f t m c i cit'sfii imft m m f 5 m m f i 'mm'-tm' vsmm-fimtw, ? i n - i i f e f t / i b - f e i i
n m 1 m m vfifft fcaj^s f f i m t f i t n (m) ^^c <iit 'm?5m-mm "^n? (u. m. t . ) / . iwf? ? i m
S e l l i f t m c n i cititcivs mfii fici? m mtci,
I'fmft ^1-sil5fi ('rT)(j_îj_î) smf t m t c n i m m ' f
m m iTt-njrm f a m i i t f i i c i ( t n n f f ? , T f f i , ? ('m)-n n m I t m % i ? ? < i n mcf i f f t m ' ^

visi, b-o) i c m c m i-fmi Seal mtci c i , i j t m n n c i m ^ ^ p t l . fisfis Sfifi I t m ' % i i f t f ? m n n m m ^ i f S i ? i
(m) cific i f t c n , n f t m m ( L U L J a ) ifmg i m fiem vo 2fevomr?re m " m m mfii i s m
itmci s t m " ^ f m
mtfieei m v^ m m i w t n m f ^ n f t S t itmtm fimei, fiew? wm mit i t m f%^ t m * ^ i m e n wm

i H m f i i ,
m cm'sfi S t f t e i Ifwcsei i f i ^ t i i ic? wtm c n c i , i m m ? f ? Ifmt I f i n f i i i m u m i c n i c s t m mf vat ci,

n I t e m i <at i t m t i f t m f n i m n , m c m f t m i m t m ' t f e n , ficsf? i t e m ? S n fi?acn mteii wtf?
wmt
mfim cîffn, n m e i m citeim-finft fimm i f i i (mti- 1 ? j fiten f ^ f m SeS? citi m;i? m SeS? f ?
i t i t ' t f i - f n t , i i , iftb-) I mvs
ifJf mci ei, m^ffti ( i ) itei fi? I t f i e n i i t m ie ffi
i t m m-mm ' t f f
i c n 8 mtfi m mmmtf m m i t i f " i - i t i f i i n e n i m m n cmci i t mte? it mici ?te f f i iff?eifitte
c i t m n e i i f i m , n titm i f i i ci, uPt i m i f i i m n If 1 Sit titei fiei itfSm i mt ffi i n ?se?i

?iewt
mm ^ c i m f ' i - i t i f i e n nm i'fif i m i c m i e n v a t C I , cmifj? l t d f m ffim itm i i c i fi? i t f i e n i m e n

fwmrm n m t m m^s'^ 'lfim m n i m f m-m f i c n I C ffi t m f s f i m c n imici" ' t ? f ^ '-itm (nerves
f M m m I t i e i f f m n t n i mtfi n cific i t f i m ischiadicus) Set? fi^ cien n v s i f i c n m mim
i5i
c i t i c n f i i t S m f i n i fie i f f i , ( t n mf?,. v i s i , i b - ) f f i n^ m i i c i f( t n ) mtitc? fi? itfic? i imft f i ^

fimfia f i n e n wm f . l i m t w ' f i n i f i i ' i c i ? m f m m m - i t m Ha^ 'itcim m ^ n i
t m vs fimtw i m f i m i t f f i iisfm n t n mtfa t m ' ^ f m c? m t f i m-itm m m, t m irtirt ftmei
t ? f
i m t i e n , v ; U5_. <(_,^j_î j>î , 11 ^ j^îj tit mfi i f l v o l mine? i ? i m ' f i ('m)-n ^

H f i i m
f m w f ? f i f ? f 5 l e n fiff t f i c n
i-^L^ i m "fism i t l , m^fm (m )-va? t m f n wti i
m m , fiH m m I C I ' 1 t m mmei m t i f i f ^ v g ^ itititc? ('m)-iii? ? T f ^ i m m f i ? i c i

m ' f 1 t m ' ^ f c n
wtm'mc? ' m f m i'fif ifie fim t m m i f i e n , mff wm ?tmr^ ite?, vatfif^mftmifi itfim m i
itc
rnimummntfi m i t m c i n f f e ? wti m m ^ i m ?5tm ?5tm IC n i mmt w n imt m t i i f m n r n
m imem n i c i m ite tifci m m i ^ s r c d c i ciitci ( t w f m f . ) cmum ?H?rei i m m ' f ? ('m)-vg fijpti i n w i

t m i t m m , ( m m f i t f mufimt, i . i i ) t m i m e i m t nI m t e m ieffi int iiicn.wu m m ? m t i
fif^ c?vsmmcn n f i i m m n m wm f . mvsmm m t i m fifjtciififtnI f m e n t m " ^ m m r n i H t i u uvsu

mtf I t i f m i t i i f i I m i i m m i m m U ' f ? ('m)-n mei i f?mci m v s ? f % ^?tci
i f i i f 8 ( i ) m i f i - i m f f t m ' i'lîfff ti<fi'*fi),
c?, u'fm c m ) ^fii?n? t m f i i i e i t n r f t e n ?ei f ?
ftvo ( m - m w i ) v3 b - i ( r n m " ^ ) , f i e n i f i m t n wtff?, u m w u i i i f i m m ( i % io\) i fH n w i i f f f i c n

I t i i t i , 1 1 m-m'mf, m ? f i f , m i f ? i t f f ? i t ^ f c i ;
m fitTreiififr f i e n ( i ivovb ttrfi) i s
(1) Itfti m:m ( i ) f i t f f , f i m f m -mtit, m n ? i ; i f i f 8 ( i ) fimcn mtm'sfi? m i f ? ; ( i )

s ^
fim^m-ir^, m r m H^ ; fimfm-mtmfi?, m n ? s i vg gvs; tUft, i i , voftvo i . ; ( v o ) U ' f f t , i i , ivb t. ; ( 8 ) I t i f ,

f i t f ' - m v s i ^ , i ? T r a vol ; fitf'i-mfmft', m m m i ; filtf'l-mfnt' ( I t f C U i l f e o ft.), % \r\r i . ; ( f t ) J .
fitfm-itmfim, m n ? i i ; f i m f m ' t m - i i f i - m m v j j ; Horovitz, Koranische Untersuchungen, p. 91.
(^) f i f i i , m'i-fi'?iw ; ( i ) m m , f i m , i i , i f t i ; A.J. Wensinck (S. E. I.)/ ., n . m i ^ l ?icn
t m f fiitem
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Contents
RT^-TO f a flero tr^ t R ? t t R mi R t f m t t f m f t e ? ? tt

WtR-Atff ,.WH-flft (f. id-ft/HHi), SfTO-Wtf fm, flC^TR CtttfSR'tT^ I
^TSTf? l i l f S R tTTTOTsn AI^?RfHTT I T5H TOIfft <ii<i|?) i sr^tit g(i) ct'SAiR f g ^ w t e t t A H CAtero ebt[ff,
liftsHJ f t r o ttRAf W H - A t f f t I \oC? f l W t f t C ^ f f f ? Sf?AtW*t W l t t t l t l W f t t , RtlRT >il?teft,TOti S - b ^ b'i)-b8 ; (A)
witsH TO? f t f t ftft^tc? ???m f c ? ? 1 iflt f t a c t tttt W t ? ^ W t t f A , ?et? tfAtR, i A J i - A RflRT, % Ji-b- ; (^s)
flATCf WR-ftft ?RT AS i ?R?t? W?^l?fn?I f f f ? f C S f W ? tttt i f l t t t ^ A f , CAttRTTO? tfAfR, % 'SS-iSft ; ( 8 ) ( R ' S T O
trmiAt îftt fAtf^fc^s f?f5 Afft? w?j?r?? cft^rtr RI f ? ^ Wle?TTO CAteR? C5t*|ft, At? RT^ WtRIR ( ? ) , t t R t f ? f
TO? 1 liltsf?! il?3W? 't?'S-Tf?t??Rf f f f ? f?Ct? Rttf? I t t S e s t ? ?TiRTe?t, TOt is>b-H t-, 1- ' S f t o - f t i ; (ft) R ^ .
f f f ? C? ?5?W? ^ t f t t ? f?fB A f f t ? W?I?? fra? f f A f ? f A t R ? ? liiR. m. <s^. f ? w f t , f f e f B fSf^fS c t e w f t r o , TOt iJi>Ho t-,
( i ) A?? WtR-AfRfR WIR-ATR ft (f. i i o / S A b - ) ; ( A ) W T f ^SAft ; (b) f f e f B R f t [ftMCtS W^[ft ?TlRTe?t tfAIR Rttf?
ATfAA W f R - W t f W t t (f. i i f t / H w ) ; (^5) f A t t f ? t f T f t f t R (f. tfAtR R e t R ? Sf^te^ atftff R T t f at^, R t t . f A t t ? W t t t ^
i i o / H A b " ) 'S ( 8 ) 'SAtA? t A ? f?f%A (f i i S / H ^ S A ) I A l M ^ w t f t , ffe^lt i J s b - S t-, 1- b r t ; ( S ) t??R AtRt? t r o t CAfC?ft
ftATt t f t S ^ 'S WRttt?^ fl,tft? f?'^ "iTfff flAfr 'tftf?AtC<T? f&fft, ? f - i l ? t f f f f t , TOt, f S e t ^ iS)b-H %, ba-bb] I
TfR?5t ^ttt stff tf A? I "tlAt WT^f?T? f?4& Rct<l<* J ? ?jf^t RiateAat^ft fwTO) I
f?rn? t T f f f R t ^ ^SAfM W O T ? f C ? R S ( i ) ff?t? Wt^-^f'sft (R-sTO wte?TO CAtetR cst^ft

(f. i'bi/'^'^W, (^) f^r? t?? 'S?T??f (^. i S - b ' / b - i ' S ) ; ('S) TF-alSfPl^JlVo ( o L i p i j . ^ 1 ) S ^ f f t WTsft tt ? t tf?ttt
^ft?? t?? "Wtft WlR-^'ft'S ( 8 ) ? t A A T t ? ? R t t ? W T R - ? n T O ATAf f? ??e?? ? f = t e f w ^ ^ c f s f t t f t i g f?wte??
?5e?,
(f. iJb-/b-ii5) I A TffSf- t f T ATWt?, ?TA' ?T t?? f t ? ^ W t f fttf? ? t AntTTft?, w f t f a ? ? t t?ft?Tft S t e t f ^ R f t f f A t t

A T f f ? a f f t A t f t A i # R lAtef liltsw? f?t^ A f f t ? ? f T O l f t g f C t R i f R f mi f?f5 ^se?? cRt?5e?? ?5TO ft A ? I
Seat ?#?n:?? 1 Al^ft?tTT3 WT^ f R T t ? S ^ R # T t ^ f?t^ i I i ^ f f A t f t f t f r o t t f ? t f t ?>fttRfA?tAf Aite?^ (t'S?T
?'M W?TR atRTt - ^ R - t R f ? f t l t ( ? ) ffAT^ A t f t ? ^ ^Q t ? # R ) tri?fttrtA T f ^ f , f?ett ? f t t e t ? ( f r o t f ' R -
W t f f f t ? fra TOt?sf^ A f f t ? AtRt fftSlCA-t mi f?tR 5 t e ^ wtf^') f?te? w t f t f ate^ ( t f ? 3 j f ? w t e ? ) TOIP att^ R i f ^ ^
f f A t ? f c g A f f t ? ?ff AtstC? I tTRfCAg t f ? f g f fARte? f t w TO I
f^f#t s ( i ) WT?-Rr5f'Wtft, WtR-Wt?Rrt, 131 ( A ) A I "(aftft?) t R ? t t f t WfteÎ?" CwtARf A t f tR?tM)
Wt?-?tAfft, ftAtR, i t , ^ S ; () t?? A t W T t , T ^ ^ , i t , t t R t f a ^ f t f ( f f f RTfAfte? wf?ftt) fT^tero te?T f t f t
J. A ' l J i ; ( 8 ) " W t A f f - A Tf?T WtR-AfRtft, fÂTs'R-tt'SATff?, ftette?t^Rf ?'=iRPTÂef I
i t , 1. A - A 8 , Rt. Rt., Ar???T?tR (t?), i ^ 8 S % ; (ft) l CTOfffAftt?? f ^ t t ^ f t C f s f t ?T|ft f g t f A Ate
CAT^Tt? iil?Atf, India's contribution to the study of atAt f ? T At?Te? ?fR?t w f f e t t t S^Tt? f ? T A t t t e ? ( C 3 I
Hadith Literature, p p 2 5 - 2 6 , T f f t f A t f w t R ? iJsH-b ftete? lilt w t r o t t RT ?e5) i Sfaff fAette?tTfrf Af^t
(b) f 3 CRlAtt? Wt.'wft, Affte?? ^ ^ tffAfR, i R R?., % ^ f W f t T s f f ? Re?T f t t t e ? t t ftf? f ? t f f ^ I
iHib, liiA^tfttt Rttaft, intn i^-b-is t- ; ('^) fAfttR wt?f? t f t f t ? T f T t e t ? t t t t f t ?tte? wrtte?? f ? f t e? w f f t e ?
?ft5f, A t f R Rlf^tTR? t f f A t R , A? Rl., % -b-bft, t. At. Rf. f??jTO tAf t R a J t ? f?Brtt?et? Rtfte! a t f t t R t f f ? ? t e ? I
i ^ b r o t- I tft'S CRTOf t f t f t ? ftttlCt? S,R, Wt!t?ft W ? f ^ t t C f TO
iS. i f l . ( f . T O . W f t f ? Wtft A t ^ ftsfft a j t ? t f Ate 3f5r?tt wtfRee? i
TF?N^fl^^ffftnT(al^ o ^ ) S?t?RnRCT? a f t f t ? ? t T f 2 t R ^ A? t t t i S t ? R t ^ f W t ? t R S ? C ? t t ?
- S t t f t f R fêttsiff t f t R t f?ewt ' T O WlRlR ( ? ) - T O WRT? 'wraAAfft tTAl?t t R R t e t f t t t Rte? t e ? "wt?? S t f t t Sro
attrt W f R l f t RtfSTR RttR f'R-ftR-i^l? ?lR*f? RifSTR I f t t t R f t ^ ^ t f t iil=Tfft? tTAft f ^ f ? e t ? Rft R f ^ f?t TAtCt?
f ? f t Ate wtfTOfe? I 'Azwm 'wfftR/'S?iAR t f ? t t ? ? t
mm f # t R t ? ? 5 flero i f f f ? 'wt?ft ^ ft?ft TTO fj'5,"=if%
Rt f e ? ? mi fA. S>8i RtCR ' T O f R (Rtftf'R?)-An'S?T%' wtR-i^?^ft? (c?f? t f A tT??T)-? TO S e a t f ? T ?lte t r e t i
R l A f a f ^ ?bRt ?#?rt trtf Rl f c ? ? 1 f g t t j I iflt ?i% ?Rf A t ? t t t C f ct, ^stTO ?ff attfft WT??r tt?Rr ?tTOT?ef?.
i f l T O ^ AC?5?f?ft tAtS "A-^ f f t R-G-gp f?R AfsraT CAtTOAfeti? t f f A j R , ?ttc?eR ?ff t f t A i R (RtR? Wtf? f???t R f f w t ?
tfAteR f f f ? Seat ?sf??te?? i "ff^'R (tifff"R ?)-'SRiRt" TTO ft^tRt) f'Wtfftt, "Wftâif t f ? RtRTt (f.) f f ? WIR-WT?;
ilt afe^ ?pf?t? w?TR S t t f ? f?t t f r o t "?et? tffAtet" TO (f.) mi t ? ? f f f t e R 'SAfA? t f ? f?Tf?tA &.)-m w f c t t s R R
Sfafi A t t t e ? I f t e R 5 fSf^ft ctewf^tte? ?ff.tTO ? s t - fff't wffte? t f t f ' a s ^5t?tc? I c t e t t ^ ?!f% f f t ^ f - f ? t t t '
tf?ff R f ^ ?eA I?t?t Rtf?T? R t f t f R-ftc?? ateftU CtlRfiS^ Rt t t ? f ' t f t ? T f f^fetiRte? iflftt?f ar^ ? ^ f f t s t e ? ? ?f%?t
ttRtft f?tte?t?
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Contents
t n r f i (IT)
Him m m iflt Hinm? imiHmsi mmw snjt SoiTmm b-i. mteim< i f e o v j j 5J.; ( 8 ) Cheikho, Qulques
cim cif mt m tu ftmm im mte mn ofi, t n ftmnm? legendes islamiques apociyphes, in MFOB, iv
ms ifimn ^ i f ^c Sff% Hmen, mu intfitei? ( i f e i o 5J.), oo-db; (d) B. Chapira-n Begendes
emit I W twm m ifimci i m <m mn ffifit isim bibliques attribuees a Kab al-Ahbar, in REF,
S^ v Q i f f < iffm? fifit m%i^ i-Hm mft im n su box ( i f e i f e f ) , b-vJs-io'^, l x x ( i f e ^ o 5J.), (b) R.
itftif m imtfiit mim f^<if^vi)i<t cws voiM ^êofti/ii i Basset, Mille et un contes, recits et legendes
ir% m;m ?f^ t'fti, iift? G fimtf'i-mtfnrm fê, arabes, iitfim ifec^8-'^ 'sj. [f.; (H) B . Heller, Recits
mimifcn fnm ^^rm tmnm)? smm mm m i et personnages bibleques dans la legende
fiitn iiten ?<-ti>ifi tcmiem m imm mm-mmft, mahometane, in REJ, Ixxxv(ife^b-) iio-ob (b-)
(^.îio/^c^b-) i i mwo itîtci; fmi fH ^ s m i e n ci-n, la legende biblique dans I'lslam, it'Q^,
yrspTtifii I m^ mtfii t n itm? ( f f t i t ? ioi/'^8b-)-'ii? xcviii, ifevo8 f , i - i b - ; (fe) CIH, The Relation of
m ê mum fimii Smrnift? muc?? mifii ? n t the Aggada to Islamic Legends, in MW, xxiv ( i f e v o 8
?sf?mcn I fmi -at im mm im mte ite? cn, mH'Si-in? ib-i-b ; ( i o ) J. horovitz, in IC, i (ifec^'^
mmci H^n5 itftem ^nt ntwfBst i i i mtHf mi i mii- ddo-i ; ( i i ) S. D. Goifein, Israiliyyat (ftg^ mm?), in
f l t f i f t tu mnn ifie'Hmem? ien mt (H'mtm, imt. Tarbiz, vi ( i f e v o 8 - ( ? <{.), b-fe-ioi, ftio-c^c^; ( i c ^ ) G. Vajda,
n. fmi, c^vos, in i i - i ^ ,^sc^ t.).i t n mH'i-fim }s in REJ, ci (ifevo'^ ' ' j . ) , hS-b ; (iô) J. Fenkel, An
infmei? f ? m i f i ? i f i m i i v s t i t e i mme? ?T?U? Arabic story of Abraham, in HUCA. xii-xiii (ifevo'^-b-
?sfi?ten I ^ ?jf^ f i c n mf f'm?? m i - t m muift f), \5b-<\-8ofe; ( i 8 ) H. Ritter, Das meer der seele,
(ftimf m-m^sfimt'), ^-mmft (?tnt') ^ f^smwif''i^-fH Leiden i f e f t f t hd ., ood, odb, 8oo, dbH ; ( i f t ) A. A.
tn ^^Ttm (fit5'-m'S's?tfm, imi. fm. iti-fiH, mfiii Duri, tlf'-m'ftl, ^n i f e o 5J., i o v o - i ' ^ ; (ib) N.
ifevJS^ f ) I Abbot, Studies in Arabic Literaiy Papyri, fnteil

i-firîi I t f t c m crnimmei f????f f t i t c ? S i f t n i m ? ifeft'^ ''J., vo^lj (f. A. Dietrich, in Isl., ifeftfe %, % koi)];
c?>Q?tw ('The Three wishes''-^ f i ? ? ? f ? i f ^ i i ) I f (iH) G. Vajda, La description du Temple de
tim'^? fci tmt 1?, mmei ftfmfti G iH^ Jerusalem d'Apres le K. al-Masalik wal-mamalik
m,i=fiite? i n ifimen I , d'al-Mauhallabi, in JA, i f e f t f e f , ifevo-côc^ ; ( i b - ) H.
tu f l l iflt wrm fie?t 'im? fH m fiiti- Schutzinger, Ursprung und Ent-wicklung der
('mmi'=f)-n iff-?tfi mmfi tfitci? niimciif, arabischen Abraham-Nimcod Legende, Bonii
m?f^ ? ^ vg ^srcitfî ?!im? fi??'! I iflt mmm ?5ctimi% i f e ^ i % ; ( i f e ) G. H. A. Juynboll, The authenticity
i f ^ n tim'%fi?Tiei fim. ifimen i c?ii t n ?#? [ H . of the tradition Literature, Leiden ifefe icî-ôb-1
Laoust, in Arabica, ^1. %), H(t, Oflitei ??tH
(ifeftft
m?'Sf. -?tf tl<t'*r1 I
fimm iU, , i^sm Sfe] i mm-mm?'^ i i -at fimmi tnm lltft

G. Vajda (E.i.^)/m.w.i. fi?tfi
m?'Q f i f i t tm? f?mfs itmei (titn mf. Apud Fr. t f f f f (JL:^-,!) g mim (ai-c.), Itfti- i-fmmftcn Itmi
Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography^. men i?mm i tu itfti- ?fm? nH.mifiuiisi i i n

Leiden ihbV %, ^. ôa) i <^ fiie? mfifiei? C5m ^ fiei m m miufficn #i!pm? Itffen f 5 Seiei? icmwffmm
ifimff mH itftnlei sH it?tci i cit ififii -a ifimff mifiite?t I f ? n mt I Hf i n i m f ? miif? ift
ft 1? t n fm?m? m'fti fimfifm-itfti (cifi, G . iiiemiim m m i?m mfici u f t i ?1im tfiw? icmwflim
Lecomte, Le Traite' des divergences du Hadlth fgme? mf5-itc itci i imi ôi/fei itft m '5,i?iif
d'Ibn Qutayba mfiii f, f oio-ib) iCf i Uftcn iie? cn mw u f t i i f uifi n, Sue ifH itffen
ife^l}^
itfH iiien icm^s Suen m fmnm i cm G . Vajda, fmtntif|e?fi-^?teii

in JA ife^'^ 'J. m - i o ) I
mi-m?i 'sm'-m'fti ^ ufti i?wn nt? n ? . ' s i e i
ifiif g f i i c w Sfgfi f s s i f c i ? i f i
cmi 1 ? ^ g ( i ) Nabia Abbott, Studies in Arabic
Brockelmann-n ?*# S. I, ioi ^ Sezgin, i, vooft-^;
Literaiy Papyri 11, Quranic commentary and
m?'Q ciî (i) M. Lidzbarski-'fl? De propheticis, quae
tradition, Chiagc 1967, f . fimt I
dicuntur, legendis arabicis, i t i H i ib-feo f; (c^) I.
Goldziher, Israiliyyat, in REJ, xliv (ifeoc^ (.), ho-d; tTimr^tm (jî^.î) s cm) stmi fif?-tmiei? mm,
( ) C. H. Becker-Fr Papyri Schott-Reinhardt, l a j n? f i g s cimfi (Serafim) iei? lfl tm cim nw
tntff fiitem?
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Contents
i t f e o tnm I i t k m m mmH mmrftm H i m m m t f i Hmcms f i l l (jJ-^), f i i m ( j * 3 L ^ ) I t f i i (iJ_L^)-vim i < f k t

srsH (mt^m-'mtaim, 'î. o<\<t)\ m n c w i mtmi i ^ ; - m i Sur c m n m mt, m ivam itc f ^ i T^nrni
c i m i m i H m o i mrtmHm H f I ( j j _ ^ ) - n m< m m f??r mm is^5mf<? f w ; ( J i f w i ^
I t f c n i<itvic^ t m m f i Cmt) 1%Hfot Htmm mtHi I t m H i m n itc w ^ (Hit^m-'mtn, m i - t i f n t i ' ,
( j j ^ I c_î-^), H H H i t f c i i t m mtwtn mimcn m c i m m i - f m i t , mm-fmiK, i t f f i f ' i - f m m i ) i m i - i t i t i
irnrn ismmm m t m i m t i r p m t m it^sm mt^t H H H m (j*iL-j I) i f t ? icm mm m m i m ' m m n H ' Q i m m i
m w t t m ( H m f m-itit%-, fmmtf m - f w r n ) i fimm ict, m i f i f i i m itc ^ i t m i < fiH m m c i i ^rim-
i m t c n f m n m i m m - i f i imHt i t c i , S m w i m m'mff i c f mi-mimi i m f t i ficm^ i i ^ i l l j l jj
f t f n t c n fmc? i m i ^ j i i ' ^ f m o m f f t t m Sfki
"mmtm f i m n c m ^ itc w i"
( i V s fefe; vo-i) s fti; \5fe s -bb-; <\fe g -Is, 1 ) i
m i mti-mtnn -J^^?^ mim bds %) i-fit f n t m

"cit mm m t ? f i i t ^^c i i H f i m i m mc? m m
CI, t i m f i c m ) n w i imfi f i f i i m i f i m u f i H mm
mtci g n H i i f i n , n H i f n f i n , n H mit fH fiw m m ' (lb- g bo mttmc? tm) i tn'^-mtf?-'^? ic g
C I I m f f o mmt m lamH mm m i n m'mim cms? itc (VP), ,j ' / I I 0 - J u J ; A l t JJî'(.SlIjI
mtmim mmi, f i m -iimi f f i % i < 3 i ^scn fic^ m f i m
m 'mtacii i w cffimci i "mm-mtm mtmi m ' m m v a f t mm v a t m c i n , f f i
, f i mtci, f - m - i t n t n (f.) mfmifffc c^ffim i r i m i f ? cmmgit itc f ^ VQ U i u " (^.(i4,1111, cj.'st. ifei) 1
timfi c m ) fifimmrm cifimfficn t c n t n fH lamH t m i m f i c n ic m t ^ m'mtm n mm mm-mtm v a t
iiifcw S m m j f i ^ m m H w f c i m i f t m ititm m m i m c i n,
f m n n f i m ' m itcHi, fH >aiit f i m mwiten I ( 8 ) CJUVI W-J J )J11 " L l a j j V 'J^
y tdJlj i.^J
i f i f g ( i ) m i - f i m t , 'mwtt^'i-mtitf, f . ii. (jK II j I"i ,_^l
iitci, ftobr vsmnm, m 8 i . ; (i) istiffff, 'mwt't<['i- " n t n i H m n cmapH fftc ?fi?in c i t H
misjn, imt. Wustenfeld. ft-Is-'^; (^6) mmff, i i , i 1 8 V i m mivQ ?5fici t n m" ( r n i - f m m , 'j. i v s f e ) i m m i
i . , i i f t f t ; ( 8 ) m i - i r m f , m i - f n t f i - m f i m , imt. imft? m e n i < f'm", m i SU's H m n n i i t i - i f n m
Gautier, f . 8 i ; (ft) M. Wolff, Mohimmed. ê fi? VQ mat ?#m? wm >a?5H H e m 1 vat n t i i f i
Eshatologic, 9, 99; (-Is) Sale, The Koran, itc i f ^ i m mpprmt (â_î), f i f i f (^ i ,_,), t n r n m
Preliminaiy Discoures, 'J.fe8;(<\) Friedlander, Die ( L l i i _ i ) n m i S?H? faimt?ii ? m i i t m i t c i 1 f i ? c n
Chadhirlegende und der Alexahderroman,'}. i ' ^ i , i n f i c i m i l i c n n m m< ?fsf i t m c i , S u e n n t
iob-; (v) Lane. Manners and customs, London t n r n i c n icm m ( J L J U J I ) m m - H f i ?ti?iici i
1899, 'J. b - o ; ( f e ) m.m.t., ^1., - I s ^ o - i t f a ; VQ mat m t m m f j p vg ^sn? n H . mf 1
A. J. Wensinek, (E.f j M l f m t m ' m i f f mn, t n m i e n n H i < êei tnm, f i vQ^'vsrtftmci
tmutm (^^ L-i) g f f i % m cmm f i H i f i c w mm t a i m m m'mtm. wm f i f i t i m i
tiici t n m I t n mHfi i H m itcmtt t m ( f - J - ^ o ) imiji
itc i f ^ , ( j L i j i ^ i _ . ) - n m r n m (f*?iifi) i m i - f i m c n m m "mtîcm i n i i m " (mti-fimm, % i s o ) i
m t wmim t n t i mmH m n i t m n (ôs i f e , b^ft;ftg o ; . J L I I I V I : ji>t.,.-.,,,v'rj 'J>SL^VI
-Is 8 i ^ f t ;feg ^^8; vDfe g ; t ; t ; 8 f e g i < \ ; bi 8 1 ) i I t f i ( ^ J ^ ) " m i - t m i . vs m i - t i H n t i S? mci? ml" m t f i m

imit? f^ctit* ff'5,iHi m'if'QH ficiitn ScsirmiJ g ( i ) i m " ( f i i t ^ m - i t m ) i
m u m t ^ i SiH*i i i f i 2 i m , ( H n - m i i ) cmi-spH f i m m f c n mtcitw 11:31 -^c iH ? i i m S i f i S ^
^tc f^ (ifi3i) i t m ; (i) mH H m i m ; ( o ) i t H ^ ( 8 ) ff,iHi m i i ^ m?i i t i t c i 1 vat i m f i , i c n H mme
mtîm vs l f l i m i mtim a m n ( ^ ) - < ^ S? m u mMff1 Smi I f ? VQ crniapH ite f J P VQ t-tfiaj
i c i ? t m< itcc^ m t f i m , m m n * f i i f i i t n ( m i - i r m mci'mi i tmci 1 c m
f i f w m f , i i f f ^ m - f ' - n n , mi-fimtit, fiitf'm-'mtmi, I'O J I 3J ,TIV l U l u l
rfi-'m?ii, rni-tifntlf, m i " - f i u i ) i ^ mlvsHi icm "Su 1 1 , 4 c m z F f t ^ ( p ~),Suzi^cm'5itfin

'ifi3i VQ n m - 3 i # 5 ^ I V Q ^ ' i < H f i m m n i H m i r m i j i m" (1 g l i ) I
t m f fiitem
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Contents
m'mm? fiit itc mff f7?(Ci i n u?i" f ^ s - c i
(FGPTTG'SF-'mU?); tui uff C\. VBO-B/ILOIS) I

"Hf c? ufe iHg itu utm? Hu5 SUfs itn"
...(l^b s V I S ) I uimuH S u i H Hutm m:f uw*
'(Sil-î ill I 'Ail J J I 01
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U " (81 soft) I ^ ' t ' . l ' i n 1 I'j
"tnmfitciiiu"
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(jJî)-? (1) jJ.",.^lJlj J A I L I I J S.I 0-jjJI o ^ > L L l TLLII-A (:>L^VI
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( 18 IOI)I
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mfiu? wu nf? s A . J . Wensinck, mi-fwtf"l-fmnfi fH u n iHn,
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U i f m itffei? u ^ itn ifin tite citiH Uiens 1
S^m-miiri i f tiiti ici? u< i m c? mcitMt fuEtfio

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i s f i i r c n Su? f i i i i uf itft? c?, fifii * m f i i c i i ? w
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fite?i? fien \ msn ffi m ? t ^
nsSmifititr??m:<?icuum3Uii V S F F imi ?(t?lci 1

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?5f?mii tnti ici? firu^ itfimfii u'f ?fu f i i I Ufi ( 1 ) Uiens t m -at n, fH itmei, t m
ifiuen s f?#îci, t m fiHifci, t m Ufiiel, iffiuc VG
J L ^ I u i j p '.n \ n ifitmenmiffn (fi?fc) fimt ftn iHn
ii j L 4 1 i i . < - ^ > - ^ i ;>> 5'SLLÎ ti-iu 1
DJI^j # L A J I ^ L I J tite
J u l miH fli ?Hucn
H j - i i r j fH ?tfi
j J i J i C111H ? f i c n 8 1 i 8 n
Hit ificns vatm ituci t i m imvg (i-)-in? I t n
"itffmf ifimu? t n n ici? u^f itcmi (mmi? ?fi I m i (1^) iHens t i m vat c?, fH vatmn itmi
fitfi) mfimfit?ni^ m m f i n?. u i i ( U ) mmi m'mm titm ifin c?i tuei nfiei iH ^î ?5fi
1 i ? f t
tntff fiitcit?
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Contents
ftm tr*iT f H f f e AT tm,TOw ^ w g r o f f k ?CT,M liJI ^ j L ^ V I J (.>L^VI

c ^ w c t s (T#icc?? I %5n? ( A t ) ?cTOs cRtfft - e M t " t t R t t AtCC5 AtfAC??'f???, W R t r o AtcC? W T O ?
AttAtA t ? A t f R ( R ) W t R t W tirmt f R W H S CA 'ÂtA ! l i f t f???" ( W t A T O , W t R - f t T O , i t , bb) I
ATf%# C f % ? R tAt 1% WlA ? WTft WtA? f f t R T t S ( A ) f f ^ AC t r o '3 t R R t ? iil?# W R l i f f t c s t f t t ,

WtWtA 8 TAI? A t f R t S r o WtCA? I TOJR ( R ) tftCMAS t t ? t f t C ? ? s t f t f ? f t f f t l t 1 C t t ? 8 AtftC? ?ff ?ft?tC? 8 iift5Rt
ftCRA A A W ftA^R Cwt) I t t ? CtAtCt?Cf CotttC?? % f M t ATft (R)-iira f??f5 fw^tRt ? R t ^?tR8
sttt? ff?C W t t A ? ^RslRctH ( f A t f t , WtTt? ah, WfCBSR lb.,
-bo W., b-A W., i At., S>S W., Ab- At,; f ? ! ^ ? , 'OO W., i A A A t , " t t R t e t ? Cft^ f ? t ? f t G 3 i t ? fft ?fRCTO 8 " t r o "
t . , S O W, i-bb- At., S-b W., A I , 'S i f t A i . I t?fAft, 'Oi W., (f??Tt WtA'TO, TO f??JtR WfRtC?, i t , S S ) I t A A 'WTtttR
S S At., 'OS W., A i A t , '3 AA At., oo W., S A t ; W t f AtSir, oS. (At) ^ C t f t t R t l C A 8 ? t f R ( R ) ? t f 'Wt?ft'R-ft?R-'il?
W., i b - A t ; t A A AtwtA, fftf^, i o A t . ; t ? l f t f t , f . AS>b-, 2rff?fttCR? f ? ? 5 t tttct? f?cm^t ?TttTt ?4?t f f ? ? t f ? C T O 8
A o s o ; < i l W # s C A t t S WtR-f'Wtx[R-ftAft^, A t . ftib- t . ; " t r o AtcC? f t f R R t - t t t A t t t , RtRt f l T R R ? R t , Rtft
t t W t ^ ' f ^ f t ' R - ^ ; * f R ^ W t R - t t R t ? '3 W t R - t t t ? ( 5 . ) I tTO f ? tTO??tRtTO RtCR Rt'SR t t T O f ? t ( f t T O , ' ? ? f f t t R
A?? 'WttfStA t A A 'SAt? (At) ? f ? t ff??tC5?, A t f t ( R ) WfRtC?, i t . , S i , t A ) I liltttCt Wtft? t A A 'Wttf^Wt^ ( A t )
?lR?1C?? ^^c t f t t f t t i c ? 8 'ii?Rt w t ? f c ? ^ t ? c f t r o f f ttte t i t t t
tjlj dJI Vl 'Jl ol s'îL^ J i ^ 'fi^^'l ^ ? t f R (R-) tRttfACiHt, " f f t lilt R f t ? S f T O f f ? C tCT,WtatA
W W?J C f R Rt'AR R t t lil?? f A t t t A WtWtAt ? t f R ; RtRt
ftct? fftCt, Atft StTO f f ? C t , A t t t t t ? RtCTO Rt'SR t t T O
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f??C?? R t t ? efRtR f ? tCT,WtatA W TOT Cft?'3 R t ' f ? R t t . L ^ ' j ^ > <XI1JJ ' j ^ l i l j,r,./n Vl
f A l T O WtalAA R t f R I ( A ) RtRt f t C ? R f ? t ; ( o ) ? T ^ "CT t j l i * t f t t t S R t t '8 W t f WR-stT^ At?t W t w r p WI^tT
TOt? ? 5 ? t ; ( S ) A t ^TOR? R tTO?( f t ) A t R t T O RtCTO Rt'3R S t f t t TO l i R l CR S A R S t ? t r o ?tCt, C ^ ? T f ^ f f f ? f T O "
TOR ?Rt" ( f t t f t , A W., A At., ba W., -oo A t , ; f t f T O , i W . , (fRRt5*R-'WtTO, i f t t , i b ^ ) I
i J - A A A t ; t?f?ft, -Ob- W . , -o A t , ; R T t t t , S-H W . , iô A t ; ( ) C f A C f A AC^TR, t t R T t '8 t T O t R ^tf^ R R t f ^ t R I
ff?TiT-t WtATO, At., 'j. A-Ji, S>A, iSio, S t . , ' J . ô-b'O) i S ^ C t t ? f ? W R t t # C ? WtUlA 'f'WtRt ?fRCC?? 8
t t ^ t??? W T ? T O - t t ? R t ? ( f . ) ?tC? wtft At?tC? I,
t R R t R v3 t r o f????5 t A t C R T R t i f ? W R R t i t C t WtWtA
. ^n\. a.J I ^ C j - i J j - J - c L^Lui
t'WtRt ?fRCC?? S
0 f o f o >^ of V * o i, 0 r i ^ ^ f - 0 'O "CRttc? AtAtAt f i t ? f i t , tAtCt?Cf'(ttl% ^ C A t t .
f f ? T O S c ^ ) ?tfA? f f ? ? t Wtf?RtR. I C t t t t C ? Wtft ttat lilfft?
w f t f f t f R R t f ? T O t t t t f t Rf" ( f t i S 'Oft 'S ^b) I ii|wft
" C A ^ t t ?CR, WtRtt t r o WtiRttft; (CA ? t f R ) f f t (^0 8 i S . ) 8
F) A R , CtA?t t r o W R R t t ; TO CtR?t ? R , WtRtt
t R R t ? atAt ? 5 f ? ? t f t I ? f CtRtCt? ACtT iilt?'3 t T O fC?t
(f^RI W t f A t f ? f 5 sfAtCAttJ i i l f t T 3 t f t ? AtCCA
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l A t t t f t , R f W A f S R - A T T O , t T O i ' O o S ft., i t , i S f t ) I WR'3
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f . i o 8 b-8 Wttt 8
t A ' A I ' - ' S f ? 5fc^ IS ^ . f f ^ 5 t ^ WtR-ttRtR atc^ 'ilfttC?
IjiSj.. <(_ii)LJi <UJI_i jxj-i^l jjl CJJLJ ,_f^j^ JLaj
t?!g Wlt t?TO?iCt ? t R t ?#?nc?? I tAtCt? S ^ ? ' f t R
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R l f ^ ^ t???t lilt S
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t r o w f S r o W t ^ f ? f . f t f f t I T f T O - i i l ? AC t t R t t Ctttff Stf f f f R R At?T f t f r l i t S t R C ^ f ? C ^ ?'ftTsft^3 f?CtttCT
f t f ! ? Rft W R t r o W T O ? f t f f t ? Rft R t f f ( f R R t ^ R - Stfeftt^tT 8
'WtTO, i f t t , ib-to) I A?? WtRt? (?t) ^ t c ?ff AtstCA, ( f ) t R R t ? t C R ? w f WtWT^ ^ ' W t R I ^ i5m:?t-f?CTt 'S f?ft-
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ttRtft ftttCfR
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aid
tmti w o n it:f ftfii ?%fci, f i f itffirif tfimi Sfifi tnrn im mt tmft mmu fwm ituei I t m m
t n t i - w titcn if%f tmw tmm m f i f ^ iitm v f l i f t i m itcei i f i - t tnrn u tntm
I C I I Sitcn nft? if%cf? wu n?ft? iifi^t? (iti- citn I ne^ itftei ?f^ ?fi?teig
Iflt
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j I îlloVI
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( 1 ) *ttf Itc? ^ i Wsm t i m t m m i i *fi m t f ICI mu iti I U " (mi-fitf) 1 vfltfci micuwf?
mi ^tft iflit mi' m i ICI I "fu5i mm? fiit iimtu VQ i j f i m ^ i mti iut m - t t m i u tntm cif^
m m ffi itc^c^ tnti" (o g i ^ ) , iat mm? tut 1 1 UCI mntf? I
(tn mm?, mî'i-uf, ii, t m mut?) 1 timti v f l i f t -fl g Sic? tnrn iei? i^f ?'fu i u
( 1 ) turn VQ titi-<fl? uf itci u ^ cms ^Ûd Su m n u ms ^tu fiuei ci, tit v f l i f t n i m f i
Sum Iflift Itft mift? m 1 C 1 1 t u i I C 1 ? uf im I t m n i m i i i t m mte?ift m i vflt ci, tmici
"msc?? fim' iflis turn un? uf "Mti m-stm^ fiu 'fl' mf%ft I U ituei 1 ?f f i ' mmfii f m
ueivQ
mm? mfim iu" itci^Q uff'mc ititci^ ffii m fn-?i?ft ftite? ?Ttii? ui" ?n ?n 1
ic^vQ \siuci fifii u m um iiitc^vQ v|^>tfii m ic^vg f l ' ien ffs-if^l ii" mtfim vq timm (fif) itei
^stuci f'til u m m 1 C 1 1 mmm? m i i mm it?m Sm iiti'itcsei tilt va mf'm (cin ? utm-fifemf vg
m's.i? tut (mi-nitmft, t?Uf"m itft, ii, t m mum) 1 rni-ffuu, ' f l iff'mt' nfn) 1 mi-fm n m m
Sif?S^ if%iaH? ICU cicu^ i H u s t iilcuu ?fiecn g "fin mm? f i i t iiicuu vant^ fti itc^ci
mf?i
?Hu Rc<ifb\s it?tci I Sm mft m^fis; vit lUft ortl i u t n r n " (vs g i f e ) 1 >at?ici f m n mm t n t m mem?
m c?, t m ' itc^ci tmci? ififf mifi? u i mm t m f l (fe g VSV5), mm? ft? i i o 1 ) ^ n f s f l (vso g vso)'
ufc?ci itm tmici if?f< 1 C 1 I U m u I mftci ifiu mmf? ifiuen I l i i fiwfc n muc m m f i - n
ixitmcis mme?, t m i mci? i < t m um mt m:im f f i vg u^^cf 3 5 ^ ^ fism cntn tmiei f?rttm
Citm,
mil utn I ScRrci f l i i f t ?j?m ifiuen I m m

iflt f??c? f'mtm mf%sr vflt s tmm a t m - n icu
i t i i j lilt c?, mftci? ?'fm ff%c tmti itcci mm?
m^Qttcn mi ? t ^ (i)-iii? fiitmc? ff^f? m 1S^ ff^f?
1 ? ffffitm tm wm itci? fiuust m ?sc?, f i m i m 'mtw mtfi cmum wu crum f i c i flm ?#u fim,
ift tm 'mtfti imi ftn i i i t i^^tu m n s ci fifii ctum if mm fi'itei ififf ifiu fim m i f i
mftm imf%? Smfimfr itm ufiim m ic? 1 i m ^ ftitn t m m t ctum wu n m ifimi" ( g v s ) 1 tui
t m i t c ^ fiuu VG tmen v s i ?im'Q w e ? fn>ei mf I t f m (?)-? ie f l imft tm, t m i vq mf'me?
igr^ ttm m i 'miei? uuei sm iiM iftm u i 1 it?f? fifUim-'flt f i m:1t ?r?i itu uci (mi-
t m turn m:im n ^ 1 t m t m m ^mf^; f i f fiiim-mtim, f i t 'mtf m i - i t f - f mun, %feo)1
t n t i - n mii" mtifinmc? t m - n ui" iei I t f i i i i t f i ^f?wtf? I C f l êei mm m f i fi?ff?
(fimuii-fti, f. mtt mtwtft iob-ft ft.], mmfSm- # n - u i f t m n f f w t f i U f i e i U f i (m)-n mf
mun, tm m. fi., ((*-j-^) imiei? mftc?) 1 tnrn f n - u i f t i l l ifie uritm wtm (fit5'-mfm, ^5.
tm-ifl? Suni m'u vq itm-'fl? Sunen unii ivs) I

1 cmivQ
?if%; um iftei ufiei mm wu mm itftei um wift SifiS^ mcitm? iflt i u mt ^tu fiuei n , tmm
mci I f i f cim ufe m'u itftei mifti? ufiei tuci 'mi^^tu VQ ciffii ftff, tnm "mn, mtn vq i f i f f f m
uiiit Itm i t f t e i v Q m?fm? ?fic ite? (itfiii fitm # n - f i m v Q I mm Sum m? nft? u i itc^ci f i 1 vat
i m i tumut, mi-ffm # t t5pftf?m-f i m , ii, v s i o , f n Utuei g ( i ) 'mfu, ( 1 ) turn ( v s ) mn? u?mf?i
, ci<iH, f c l f5i; mi-irft, 1 1 . ) I n t i (ufei, itfiufii, mtfwi, ?tw?ifi, mitifi,
Itftei tnrn im m m v Q m v Q tmft miiifc^vs mfii, mtl, f n n vq mwtfn) ? f i v Q i n i f t f i - t 1
fm? ûei I cm vfliu wCn ?ife Ufi (m)-ci f w ^ tnm i m ifiuen mi ntm i U f i f m icu tfûft
ifii s fifi-fimt ufm u f i c i v Q ^ i f f ? cwm cmm ufm ut 1
f i f vflt fiiew t m i Uic umi 1 ? ? fitm (lO-vfl?

"tmei? cm f???ft S ^ ? m i ( 1 ) Uien? f i U u mm
ume? m? mf%? mi c s t f i * f f i -g mtf'm^se^
uvQUte? ns, mm fie?" (mi-fUft) 1 vat?ii itfti'fic fm^tuuei I
tmft fiitem
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tmft mt^lmt 'tiwîfci? srrt ? tmft i r ^ mtitcu cmienei fsm vs ici? fiuH itc w i ^ m f i i
vs t u r n i p >flifm mratn m^ mrt? m i c i mrfs vs vs f i f i iei mtm ien I n u i m cn, tiitcw U f c n ^
ffjv mm vg Sm, mi Hci S u S^ mci? it*ow vg fgmci m i ^ S^ ntu m i u ituci f i f Site imf?
#mi vs mf?i iHm Scrc*ti fmr? itmftci f i m fHei wm ire? vs f ^ ^ m^sfcn v f l i m s Sn iHu fieii
Hf%? Si? arHHvo iHm i m im? mivs irs i iit?ii i u n ut n t tmen ffte wm m vs f ^ ^ uwcn
itiuft uf^fo vg miHii fici ftl% Hitim mtm ic? i fi^(i vg sî Sn itcci m m ciH vsinH, f ^ n t
ciHiit tiitci? ^ i n itcci mrt? Ifigm wr, mtm ( f . ) vs fimt ( f . ) I n r n t mmi cifi vsmtifi? mtireut
i t % m , m^3c?i ifiof% i m , mt? fim s t f ^ f n m f i Ufi mvsftcn Hff ^ m n vs SnH ifie uc? n t
^f^Hnrnfim i Uitm, mn, mm vs H I Ulf? ? i f ^ i vs mtufwi mmm
tmti va m^-fti % tmft 'm^fm^s? icu m v s ^ t ne^ mft ite vs Sitcn ite f f e m if?e uc? i
f f i i t f f 'm^tit; m^sffci? mf ^ m,ii' v ^ t cn, mm n ; m m i i ifiei? ci?ei? Scni itcei u n wtH? ftmt
ffi iHg vs iicmf<? i ffit m fit? fftif, m f n ^ f vg mm ffiu vs mtfi?te? m i vs
n t men i i - f i e t f i
m i
ftnwt; f ? i m ^ # ? i i ? i f m t mfime? ?ft?ici i if-Ufiii Cif? mw itc ciriuf v g - ^ r f ^ v ^ p f ) ^

3 t u c n
fifit nci? 2tc?tm f ^ n f , ffit tmr ittm cirn n i f n r n Scnci, cmenci m m m'mm im, vsmf vs
m\ mrmi c m f m fiitt uftc itc^ f m cmvs fimtiitcn ift ififs if?<i? Sewm, ^fif? m?s vg -tHif?
i
f f i i t m v s f i f^ vg ^ lime?? f i n - n uf4 fie?tf ift imfi vgmH mt?i i t ^ wm mici i i t c n fiit

1 i
Sm limtc?? fi?iei ufi Uiu emu ie? m v s f e i ? c'lfitu fim Semei

i f f i ? n U f i e i ci
n t nf?^ m
'mt#tu mci? m ^ fft? U l f u ifim n^fi? S^ ifiu mfian ?#e mr, nc^ mitei mifi ifim Sctfci i S^
f ? ? j f ^ v ^ c < * fiiH iHm mm fft ic? i m s f c i ? "mrfu H m f i ne?F ienu vg mcmm wu ieuwf? c i t f i i vg
U l f ? f i ? f ?mi-c?v3Usi isft^-Hmrci ufm ?fm ^liiiif u mtucn ff%nr wm-tue? ut i c i i
vg i n m
emu IC? (iiimf 'mtm''mti-mtfU'S'm-iiu fiiw^ citienei l a i m s m m m'mtm 'tuue? iH.mtw

5.) m v s f e i ? m t c i U f c i ? ?ifîvo f ? i fif isimmte gf^ wtutucn (ivss Ob) ? ^ vg ftuus 1 f l uf'm n t
utu fm leici? vg vQCi fiffi mt I m v s f c i ? ' m t f u file? cms n u n fiw ite f i ^ umi u n t fitu cm
fu^mfcf? mitei i?f ie? mvs^w? 'mtilm m t c i *( mm? i f i - ^ t i < > t i vs fiH-H?Tcn t?f i- i c n (ftvs %
i
mtium fum? i m u i f i lu:^ m v s u f i m vs, 8 ) I fiitmc? 'mtfm mei U f c n m ^ rnin? fim

vg vsnârsoj?
IC? f i m ufci tvs^tei? Si? 1 ! ^ 's?^ m i i u

1 vs ftme? fin f ? sticn fit n n t U f i ( i ) - n i H
ûei I mm m'mtm m v s f e i ? s t m c i i f vs ?t^ cnei? rniuu vs mifiei? ci?u mf? n ( c i f ? m-muf,
s j u u s i Semu ?fiu f i e i i ifiuen ieii iftt f m tiu' 'Sfi, itl vsufifimi, i'sitfmH'1-uHii)
i
mfci liiiei tvsfei? u f utuen U f i . (i) f m i fififm m m f i m mife? vs mtfiuc fiftm u n

imf^cnftisic? f i e i i tvsfei?tt?fi'if?uen #?en
i m vfliH Scmii Hitf? ifiu cn n t ntei cn
f i m u f i mtm? mft f m emus fflei tUUe i f i 'mm if?c Sntft ic? v^rsmt u n # n ScmiiHfi i
mei fi?i U C I mHft ifiuei iii?^fi?ici ^ffit 'mtwii tiiiH n ^ fmîHi fcn ?ji*-8fiaij?tf u mf%^nt^
u w m Uitmirci ficii ifiuei (vsi s ivs) imfgiitc?Sm )-cn v ^ mu ?tfi ^û m m m m'mtm
(Existentialists i
fifii uHm mf? cn 'mm iiicuu n (b s b-b-) n^ umi 8

tm w u w t ^ mm, v^t emu fiuei (* s i^) i o j ^ j ^ V liLLC ^^<-.si-^ îJi_u..^l
Tvstfen 'mtifm f ^ m t ^ t i m'mmm m u m "cmnt H ffim cn, mtH c)iucnc?> Scmiiftime?

v s i s c i t s f i tm miU'S'i-iiu ( f n f n v s i u n ) uei fit ifiuH m cmmtenei mm fiit fiutu mtu itc? u
Ui ituci-Ufcn m ^ it% vg ftum m t m ie? i ât ? " ( ^ v s s i i f t ) I tntei u n fum? âiH S c ^ Hiff?
m v s n t n uen mcu u?? (^j) [ifitii] v f l i f t IS^ mfiucs? i f t mfi I tnm mfiue?
?fi5rrci SestU
ntiftuH m 1 fimH f???en w u f . mti-mm'S'i-im 'm#tuei ifici; m i ^ v s ? ^ fimci i mtfiue? c n m

fi?^ I citicn wu ?fi?lci wts|l, Sm H'ui^ ?^m cm^cn n t
fiitmc fimtvs tmei n H fliuf 'mt#i .'mtm? i wu ?fiuei wtitfti Sm ' m n i tntei cn 'mtici?
im u'jU J mt tm meii-fieii fiH-Hiren iste?? w u ymc?? wu wifte? ?tau n'mien itH? wu wrmtei?
vg n t
cmv3 fuim uuei? ste?twi f i i if-?tiiiit:itcen mu C i i i u itirei S^ mm iei v s i t f t i H i m

i
i
mmf? fcn m?fei? S^ Uui i f m mtmi cif? vsuiji? ( ^ m<u)-vii? muvs tnten Mitnf? icu v i n H ficn
t m f fiitem
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i^frt '2?fitj i n t f i m v s t m i m K(m ^ m i latîi

I ?n?m m u j i v s m t u?i ituei ifma
isfu 1
luifT n i ifem H i t uriHi ^jfen i t m r ilftci' ?fi ituei g um m? wien stf c? ifiuei
emir iHirei c i , i f i C I H irfe cm 'siti m , cwifti û uei, m i T ^ ft? fft? sff ieiii ufn?
C I mfimstn mm? tif^fm ic? m i ifiifci cîfti I ?fi tmei tf%? fim cusu ^ u uci^,
wtirp " f i ^ 'flt if2Ff m i I C ? C I , fiuc ci <flt ??ci? e? Su iteci f l ? ? vs iiuu i t e Sî m fi<M vs
-eimfi.^ itciir, ^c? mtl m t ? -siiiiri if??r cn m tiuiici ? m I C ? I
t i t itc^ci nr? ?ii vs iTit?p?icvs? uft 1 itfci? ffj? tmci fti if?ff #?i uift
VFLIFT Htrm ^s I I C I
i? I W ma?t? nsft mr i i u cmr uci nt

m t ? m m M N M V S ffcn nft mti ?fi f#fcn f < 1 ffcn # N T T
vsT'mu mvsu?iftei?ei miucius ( \ s v s u 9m 5.) 1 f}fi^cn ufi n, c? im f m m rnnuit

mr (f.) -ei^ftf t?nr uit u f ^ mrrci
Iflift t u m 1 mt tmei uffm ii meufi M I fififim
ifig Siw uufwi 1 ^
IC?, n t mew fsm vs
f5 IC? ufiu M V Stuu (mi-ifuf, ffiu-T umrru ; t n
t m mui
f1% I C ? I mt iremtftci tit fiiir<su?i, i-mim)
M - M V S F 1
uur? um? ite f ? ? uei 1 uiii ficn t u m uir timft m i m g ?fivs tmei stfft i s , ? i \ S T VFL?5ft
(f.) irit uieitiei i f ? 3 i ie? nt uitum uic?? tuu, ufi vfltiii ?5'sfi fin vs ?i? ?fiuei cit'sfi
mff^ Mu? ifff urfiu fiu Sir fs if?e ntei Sp; tmr ir?mf?I m m - M ^ i unten i ? i u f f lite?
IC? 1 uit mew? i w c n icu ir?mf?i neufim UT?tci n i mi nff u M f t i f i n v s iei, mm
1 VFLT
lufgf fft? nft ifûff U U I Su? m? I 5 i vflift ffum uu f i n v s iei VFLT'sfi mt? stciren
1 im^ U ? T C I
t u m irvsi (5.) uu mtitn w n nft stf? iff 1 m meu m u ??t tmr u f ^ ^sf" vs cg^stcirfi c^tr?
vfliftt u u 1 1 ^ fifii Sits-? mwtfi i c m n t
(5.), im^ 1 ? U f c i ? ms? ? f i m?mn fii fiu f f uei, c?
I
fiftiSug-?v&iuifi?'^fei wtm ufim nftumivs mm m iri f i ? vs f m 1 ? wsc?

VFLT fiift1 T M
1 ^ 1 tmfi tîîiîfcK Scm itccimtt? if?ajt u ? i itc um m? U f f ^ê i m t f i vat musf i ? n N I
vs mnuemu ?ru m rm irf^î, vs uufwi #?ei

U f ? u I nfiei- i f ^ Utuei 8 u ^ ( 1 ) Uiuen s
nenuft, ifint ^ r?iru ufii ie? 1 Seiu ci, f i m
uitei mtl ii"vsu u nenuftei S<5i uen (jiî Jl
UCI murf? ifiuen mivam 1 1 itcci fltuft f??e?vs
1
mm? unu ?iwii ?mr n t vfltwu mmcit

if?Tri
v f l t i i v a i f t utifi ?fiuei uu f f
"fim CICI? I C U
mruirf?ici m i i u r cuff uei n t m u f f ^êini ciiuff

Ufiei H i
tmi f f ? ? i S ( i w R h umm ifien vat

vii?5ft
n Su i t e e i iff? ( ^ e l i ) " (m-fuft, fimî-tm,
I
?t?u ifli 1 tf urm vflt c?, tmei tf? iei iei

ICI
m ? U f f t m tfm??tmr f i ftfii) m^sen i f l i uiff m 1
i i m , Se??t i f m r f i e i u ^ ( 1 ) ?fi?tcn s
H I VQ fnm? f i i f t g v a muu ?ft?rci f?m u#cn
1
1
?im?rcmm't'mm?iic?finSfifi itmc^ 1 Suen l i i i J ^-AV/uijLiiJi ilA\''J<X\ Lo*î
I U ^c ?5c?ift m?i fiente? i^ft? cm, mrat fiewen 1 . ,_,AJD I JJ J J I J I ^ DLL. U IJ
stf mutm ifiuci, mitenei le^n ifiu mm

"ms? c? ?ie?? fid f% nite? mii? 1 ? cn n t
mw ntm^ c? men stf iii? i t c fîrf? 1 ? , n n t
"cmiu mm? ?ius itc fiui ^ u" (vss> % (to) I f w " (mnm, m-fim, 8 I ,
1
nv) 1 ff fiien 1 ^ 1 1 ^
mra ?fieen s: ifie utu u ^ ( 1 ) Uiuen g
.... r^-uJ. Cja-L^j L i j j
Ijl
"ifi cmm cm cn 'mtim cmuei mrm cn n t
"ci mrten 2 t f i m stf \ cmi? ?ii wn cu
cmm n 'mn cstrntci fsi cn c? ffic êi ci, ffi
sffft ?fei ificUt ifiu ?rfi?tei 1" (80 g s) 1 mra f i n 1" vi!uu 1^ mimm men mmen "s^ sfitfiw CI,
Uieen s I f u citmci? m I C I nt Su iên- ifigm n t mm
'smff? m 1 fien VQ ifli wm ^cei tm m i Q 1 cmtiu,
" m m m2tfft ?i5t if?e?f% ?#u mntci?
? f e i iifi uu fin ^tci Sm ^ fit uei Ufcn
?ifi?iei"
(s iftvjj)
g I ifiu# i i # i ?rCti
F ? m m ^ I mmti- m ntew? n u l l stmfi itm uci n t
( m ?fa5Un),
m m mÛFM-uftft?
( n m ) , uufwifmrn
( c # nfien cifmelifftn iS^f???fttme??
m m m ) Titfi
t m f t fiitem
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Contents
(2-ib-
Wt^Rtf miB ^ f AT 1 WTtRTCf? Wesf f ? , 'Q "wtf? f R ? Wfsfftf tftfft Rtr?? StRttt cstf?
wjtRlilt M f t R t t t w ^ f ^ (MPJ'R-'WM?) I ^ t t l f ? " ( W l R - f G ? t ^ ' , f f t 5 f - W l f R ' , TO Rt WtWt ^ ^Rf?f-
t R R t f W l t R l T f ? S,R S ( i ) w H - f I W t R mi ( A ) tff WtATO, WtR-fRTO, A t , b-i) I ? 1 ^ ( R ) ( ? t t f O T ? t f
t l f R (R)-'il? f t f t w M 'Q S ^ ^ f e l I W t R - f t W H R WtfttA fR? A'tt?? Wft?=tf Atttt WtTRt ftt? (WtR-fttf, ffoTjf-
W t T O , TO Q;Rf?f-fff) I ff? tAt'Q t t t t ? S
"wtt M r t f f t ftAtR bRW'El Wftt=tff" (ibbr' S 8) I "ttRtttA t t t T t t t RtAt^ ?tTO A R Rtttttt'fR?"
Wtt AfRtTOA, (f. SI.) I W ? T l i f A t f t ? ? T f = f ( R ) R55f?Tgttf ? T f ^ t t A ^
. <(_1. Sj-Lî 4111 Jj-O-j ^ ^ JjLS jiJ C f t f T O T ? ? f ? f T O t WffA f f t ? t t ? ? I ff? A f R t t t ? ? S
"fRTO C^ttlrt? WAT WtatAA t I f W t b R M t ?t:tT S^ 1 al-> < 1 1 , 1 - .
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f f t f (WtR-ftTO,
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AttJ >t*Rig^t Rt W t t R t f - t A'tRtttlf'Q W ^ f ^ t>RttC.?H I f A t t R f f r o R t ? t 8 ? ; t t f ? t t t f R t t t ? ? I flR ?fR?tt?? S
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t f t R t f l R SATtt f?R R t R t R R r # 5 TOt S f f t t f ( f f t f t f t , tft RTOTO f f t r o fttfQ tftAtt? I
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t t t I R ? ( f t f t t W f t R A t e t R t aS^ ? ( R ) AfftR? S f T O M R 'Q ? t ? SARt t f t A t t ^ t t f t I H j l t R b l t t t S^ ' S t
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Contents
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imu-Q t n t f mntci fiumm f l i u i viiwf f i i n i m Ufi (i)->a? ftw? itc rm tifiri lis i
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f6m?tm? -Siimivs fifii fEftum? mficii i^c? i >at?ici f l tnten ffm uien m? im^ n i f nnm -?fi miten
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iitei S^ -m:
tnrf fiitem
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Contents
fItfCAt CfW WTAS f t f t f t ftftt W f m % e t t t f t r s RfR w?f;s3 Aftro? (WtR-fttf, f f t t f f ? RTsTCtT ; <il^rif
tif'WfRlt^C^ fstfffist ftTO ttfl,*1lbTO S w c t ft^tCt? f f f A fttAi f.; ftc^ WAT1AT wtf? Wttc??RC5f t t R f f w t t c ? ?
t t t T t l A t ? - f T O 1 ? 1 M - f t C T O tf\? t f t c t t C f ii?? f R T OTOT' f Tf^' t t f f ? ? ^ g . ) I
ftfftftc t^ftro ftTO t t M f M f ? , tfttC t f % f tf t t R t e t ? RlRtfWf # t ? R t f f TOtt 8 f ?Wt? R t # C t
WfWtCft f fttiCt afAt W T A S I T f S ^ (TO ttttft S ^ Attic? 8
<iitA<3 ftc?jR t f t r o ? (wfR-ftrft, T'ftt-t ftf'A-t ttttt, A j j k . ) J jj-o jv'sil A / 1 ,_>ul-J I L ^ ^ L L
S f W f . 'WTAfT-ttRtt TOff, A) I
W i R - f AWtCtA AtTO t t (R, t t t i f W t t C t A A i t tTCt

Rl'* ftnlt CtTftf f f t ? Stft W Attf AttICA 8 (i) 'st'ftiSHti
"CAtt??wtft! crt?f c r t t c t ? s f f t t t R f c f ? w f t f t
fttt <3 RS.'ff'ftf f f t f W tTO?4 C ^ l t ^ l t t f t t C t 5 ^ f W t I
CTttCt?Cf m ATf%5 Atc fft fftro?? TO?f t f t tAf Atc

(A) f c i l t ^ t fttro, AfAtc w f t A t A C w tfro W f TO I ( ) (R
R f R WoTtR <3RRR-Ct'STOf f 5 ^ ^ ^ C T O ^ RCtT Sfsft tAft Rftf fft fCtR, ftft tAfCt? f t r o ^ e ftfR R?tTf
tftttC?, SAtCfftCf SfttAtCtt R ^ f t i C t i j t R T f % t At^SAtCTtCf R ? - R t f ?tt?T c t ? I WTt CTt?t wraTACf A W t f A t t Rtet
tttt^TOftWfl .CTt?t -ilCf wte?? f?f5 ? f ^ W I W f t CTt?t R f t T f

? T O R t C f " ( 8 8 i) I S ^ WTtt Ate f t l t f R f f t Atft?
t t R t f WttC?A f R s f f S s R WfR-ffTO 1 SAft ftft
ASS (i) RfR Rtft lilft ATf%5 ^ e f t AttTC?; WTO RfR
^ S ^ R AtcC? A t f R (R)-'ilA f ^ 8 1 A t f R ( R ) ftft^ RtCt
ttft RAH I (A) S ^ RttT t^ sffif îftC'^t f%ft
f AWfR t 1 # C t t Ct tTTtlt tttt f f t r o ? A S At C f tTO?f t t f f t
AtcC? WtaTAA Rft R t I ?f t ? R T f RRtW A T f ^ S<^
TOt f t W t R R T f C f f t ftft-ftttCRt Ct ? i t ftftt f M fATOlt
f f f f t ^ftft? S t ? stff& w t t , t R R T t W f t t C t t C f lilt fftt
SAtCft f ^ ARt A t ( f ^ Atf? Rt*iat f.) I f ^ tRRtf
CT? Ct, fA^-RttA R f C R ''SR t t t ? l t l t TO? S ^ fA^-lqt^
WttctA lilfft 'QA^ft SsR SAtA f 1 t ' S s R ft'ATt
1^
I (f.) I
s|(^|t WtT W t f % f R?Aft Wtf?At? I f t t s ftfAT8

f T ^ f f t t f f T O 'S Atfc?*? WtCRtCf ftttR fitCStt f t tAtCtt
WfR-fAWte?? SttR f ? t ttAt? Wte? 8
? ? f C t t f t c t t f t c t t RRRTl? RRtTO C t t fftttC?? I Ctt>ft<3
StftttRCtttI f t t t I ^ WttCHt 5 f < S s R tWRf' ( f . ) I C f l f S _.J <tlj X.!^
RtR'WtRTt f f t t CfR<3 RRfttCt? f t t C t CftR'S f C t t R f R W t A t "RfR Stt?RT W t R f C A ? S t f t t T R f w t i r t A ^ ^ t J l"

W f t f t ? t "WtftcsiA 5ltCfrtTOtWRf' I f f f SAt<3 liJfRtSI t R sttett^ wtftc f?T ftfAl? lilt wtro: wtwfAcf t ^ f t t j i ?t
afAtCtttl ^ t c t A t R SAt f f T O <3 A T f c ? R t f t f t t t A t , A?? s f f t t i R f C f a f ? c t ? c t f?ctf? f M Seat f ? t ^stst? i wtatA
f AWR <3 A t f r ? " ? -Rt ScRfCtTt t f t R t t ^ R j f R At (g. f'wtRt? ?iMrt et? t f t f t c f s fRtfWi ?Ttf A ? Rtt, t??
R t A 'WtAf"A-tttfR, 'J. af.) I C t C t t ^ ^tf^ f t t t C f lilt ScwfCt s t t e t t ^ wiAte SAtcf Rtaf R t t ? W t M R M lil?? ctett^
t t R f f w t t c ? t S s R t t c t f A t f A t A t r o ? Ct, Stft fCtt ttfCtt wttte S A t c f wtRfC5? R M R t f t w f A t s t e ? i t A f ^te
R t t t f t f # t C t A A i t SAtA RARTft Sffft t f t t f AtcC? I WtRtTOct, t t R t e t ? RRtW A J A ^ R t ? Atct?, #?CS1? RfR

vsrrt lilt R f R tftAf f? f? RARTt? tff'Wfft RRtTO efCttWC? # f ? f t W^CA? ?TTtTC? R f R R T f t l i l f 5tR?et?
f t f t t f f t T O StCTOtR W A f f f f t I tt f fttR AlfCAt WtCtCf trt? 1 liifft f?ctt tfte?ct RRfAtftftet? ff%e Rfc^tt # M
<3 t t - f A C t t r o f f t l R tWAf'-iilA RtAtCtT f t f o ? RRRJtA AtffTO <3 Wt^slfAftt Rt f f t r o R A H fC?tt Rf f f t C ? I
RRtTO ftftt ff%TO TO S ^ A t t t AtStC? I ttRTt CtC^ tftfC? ? M A t t i c ? Ct, A?? t'stfet? 'wrt?ftt<3 R R t Rtt?
R A f t C R tTOT,tt SAIC R A f t C T O R f R RARTtA RRtTO ttftt W t M i^fTCf f i j ? fc? I Alfe?- A M Atiitc? 8
WtftAr#f f t t ( t f f t R , ft#tR-t tRtfttTt-t ttRtfttJf, <dji j L ^ ^ j i i J i
fff-twffAftft'R-ttRtR) I "RRt f f t WtatA? t f t r o " (WT|At'Rf''2^-AtATO) I Rft?
'Wtattt W f R - f m f lAt? ajr^ Sfft fCtR ftfft ftf^tCtA W t M 1^ M - f l t ^ f f ? w t ? WtT t R R T t WftItfTO5
RtCt? tfRff C t t fftttC?? I S ^ TlRftA WtAf'R-f^ Af'<3?fc? afft f ? e t t "QAs^ a i T O f f t t t C ? i f T t t ttff? ?f?
<3?fR-'iSttt'Wt f "Wt lilt SA Tfc^r? f?fft t t t t t t C t ? RtR ^ STO-Stf?et? S t ? fft t ^ M c? s f f M At, SAt f?f%
tittle? I SAtC W t A f ' R - f ^ 'SRfR-WtRt'WTt t t t t t C t A RtT f ^ A t e ^ x t t e ? Rt I lilt flACtt tRRtet 'WT^-f?ttCt?
Atc f t ^ R i A l f t c t ? RtCt? t ? t t f t WT^ A l f fto ( ? ) , RtAtetJ 1^ <3 fistRT ^ t c t ? a f f t f f ? e t t A5^ amt? f ? T

ttT? Rtftf (?), t t f t t t f t t (?) t t f t WtA'TO t ? ? ATTOt At^tC? I S ^ t t ? t f - ? t ^ t t t R t f t ? f M ftAte^^ TO?
(?)-;I? ?|? mi f W T S t r o t C t ? RtT Atc A?? ' W t f (?T)-? f ? t ? f At? f A t t l H (R-) ficR? S ^ tt'âro? R f C T O Stfttt I
RtC?? t ? t r o WT^ W f f T t f A T t t R ?tft? (^)-m RT?, s,-^ 5,1=1 If R ? t W Rtsit? t M A? Rftte I tSAtC w t ? R l ? , "spjfw?
t r o 'wt'ft? R T f ? f ( ? ) - i i ) ?TOTO?WRrtRr t r o f s r s t f t c ? ? ? t f t - ? t R l ? t t t e f R t t t l i l f f t R T O W t ? i t TO f ? t A? I SAt
t t R f f ftttettt
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Contents
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mr n n^ Ht-mw i k n t% erff%f mr, mu firm^ m?iT itmen cw^ tmft ifm fif^ cmm
11^ mtm
Mi]t?#? mm n i Hri HPit ntit? mfimft itrtr iturms im ^c 113! viiiH cwm \ it^ itien nc? fif^ WtH VQ
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if nti m-511 ; () itfcn fimm fci mm? fim ne? m?fm fam if?cficn i vat nc? ilr^ itftei?
men i#m? ittmci m itfci? wm tiiti >a liifim rm men c?iei wn cnten ir ifi i fH mitti
irf%ci nwîflm cim i - itm caîei ifien i c?fti i?? 'Sm (m)-va? K i m t
^ t m r -itfcii iff? mfim fsm? mftimn ftff fiit tm fime^ mfmmti if?i 11?? 'Sm (m) m fien
im ifiitci, -sififiicn.Sitimiimj^ cutw iRmi 8 cmjti cn mtf? wmtitci mf?ii vaiH wittm ie? i
finm i m mimci, fai imci mm im iHm tme mrf? wt?fm iHiH? mititc? ifien, "mH itcfi
ifmyf ft?
ficil ifimci n t imi^ ntw miff ifimci i cit i m t m ' s iHif%itft

iff& i H cn v&wf4 ?Tfe mtm
tntff nfw i<m, citmi, cltftm 's ctcitfii m?i ifiei CI ffp=ra itf%? emit itm m i" i?? 'Sm
ftmciitff%i writmmtci? fit mifiim ^c f^ , (m) ?ficn, "wtHfimt fci v ^ i tint i^fi fn i fif
tntci wtfm:cii fti m i Sue fistcn Sn c^tcn tnti mtfim mim m f ? e i n t s^
cities mi 's f t K i vs
nt mmm? Sn mrticn cmm cjtif mt i fltici Sue n t m ?5f?m fimei" (f. fi?f fmtf, m-mti', î.) i
C i t m m citfmtci? If%cv3 Sni t m cmm i m m i H i m i i i ? t n t f ntew? f i f ? - s i v ^ f 4
i t m
cf^ m, i?t tnten ijfte f%:t it^cn TjifH J mtm

m t ^ i tivsm ?fieen 8 t'mm
litm vg itm itei i mtm m'mm

fiitfi
" ' o i l - - J C''' w-^" Al'j_s 'J j -
^ 1 JJ I 'Ail ^ ' ^
"fmn mmi? f i ^ cmmm? icm cit mfet mfi^

nmtim^ ci mfii mi^sm mfimft" (8s> g i ) i m^s ?m
itmcis "miH cm mtm-imc^ ntm m iHmH, mitenei
D ^ ' fi
w c i - f c i wtbci??tnfimH nt mtH mitenci S ^ f??i'
O f f Of ' '
m iHmH I m mtH mtitcnei fH iHmH mitcn mmei?

"mtfi cmirenci fif^ cin? fiH^ citltc H<3; ifntfi Sn mitHiei i m ifimH" ( i i g i o ) i tnm iff?
mm cmm âei mc?? mft ite m"
i f ? f ^ g f t i t e ? mtfcn i m nfmci ftfH i m ifimei i t n t i
(8s>
VQ
i ) I m^s s^ it?tei g "ci mn wtf \ ctim cmmei?
mmfim, ft i f i ifnrcn micnei ffnm vs i m m
ifiti?5ci cmtemm mfe ê if??tcii" HHc mHn nrntm if??rci i t i m f n e i # n - f c ^
? 1 ? f i H fft
(8 g i ) I ciem^ mmie mtm m i i mn wtf? i^tu? if ifimei ntitfei f i e n #n-ifif ?mtt?t men
14m?
itfci? ijfl mill ifimen i mtitc f n fim ntw i k i mmci. m f ? ifimci i Sit mici ff%;? fitm mtmci,
vs Sm fvm mmm iit?m m im m, fcmci tnm if?5 Hgmm? wm mfii umm men Hm i i v o i ?#?rei,
fifiien-mrsfti mê?ten if ifien if i m fitfiicn ciitw cnmrmfm ?j?fr i ? i ifimrci, VQ
ifimci I vat i m m-f?mci Sfgfi itmci, 8 mficnei tnt men mn m ifimei, ifieifen
l f l ntffH^n mtî if?c fieii fimei nt Hntenci
mfi#nmmf?m ffmfimimiimci i
"ffiiii i m i?me?? it i crnim mien i H i m i i i c n f ? ? ? f t ? mitm imm
I t n m
icm itH ftn i? nt mmî ? i? itm cmim m i i ficiime? SeiiemiT ci, tnrn itiim ^c Sv|vo i m ?
m> i" (8fe g i o ) I littici wm ?m it?ici g immus i i t i f ? ifm im^ ifimei n t ffifnf i^H
flt fir iitei mt^ ftfitc? mH ? f i if?m fimci i
cmim mtmci ? m nt cmrnten iimcn tnrn mmmfiircn fii fimrnicncimitcn mfi fîen
icm iiH ftn i?" (v- g i ) [va^rit f. 'fsms it^m-Hm'] i i m ifnt fimci i mfi f#m ffi?iivs miten iH cmm
tntff mcn vat cimw vs tntft nrcsf? m?f? ^ m j T j i i mni' im wt't? mm if?ci m i tirm mK
m' vs viiiMci ccpsft tit? ^ mmt
sif^jfPiVB I w H t c i ?fim mmen ift vatiii mm i l l i f i e v s i i tnrn laieai
Itm fH itmei mm i#? fHm m c r n i v s n t c s f i t v s m I t i e m vs m^m m ^ i ê mftc? mfimci nt

I i m
m m Sm mt fien f ^ i t v s m m it^ itien cmm i mitHiei men S^ f t e i c*ftfim fcmi fimei i leitiH
I vs
t m f fiite?n
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Contents
W ? : l t O o ttlm? I j l iRlKlil U f i ( 1 ) ? m if vfltsii's?^ i m i f i u e i n t muenr mfim

i t m % i i n m n f m i iifm^ u m u i . u H m n i ?m.-wu VFLT?ii-f^-t?m i u o i ifiuei N , t m f mew
ltsfm?s? t ? ifuc f i u f i m m ? icu mfcf? m f f U T U l f s t u m U l f i U Uei u t I
?#U? ufci;fifi %t;-fiu nuo i i f U .(U)-c^ f f ? : Uen vs t i m u f i f i i c n if m m VS i m m ifnrn mini
f < ? f i u m u o u?i t f i itf?ii (U)-? t t , . n u o u f i i
fiuei n t mitn? mfimn^tci ?m i H u c i mm t n m
t U f ?fU?1T U f 1 - U ? l l f f (U)-C11?? f i l t l I t f f (U)-? tttn? wti-mfi VS ?ffe mfim ?m i f i m itfif i i i ifiuci i
vs n u s Uff U i ? f i f u (U)-n5 n u s ufiwt t n u n S i t n n i i m m n, n?^ 'Sm (u) ft? fimrc? fci
( U ) - ? t t i f i u - f i f i t ?sf?u fiuflen i n f fiwen n ?nt m - U ? f ' i - f m n c n f m e n ift m*itfi ^ f ^ m f n
uftn? w ^ f f u U I U 1 fiu? 1 U 1 ^ cifsfuvs n? f i i t i muenei n i n mHm i m ifiUHcii, Suen f i n i
( U ) - t it ?5f?uflcii I mr? ? n f???ft fuun cuou?
Iflt
f i # i g tit itcci mtm? ?t^ mffU'i-fIifi ' S m i i
cuo?ci?-fiutunsfs clfi?ffli, vsnmim'^t'mrufnti tH?t (L_J_;i)-?ffcnri ii^fiuust r IFLT f i i t i f mtfcn
U # n "fun cmtcn icu cit'uf^ mm? fiu^ n t f n m , u i , fiwt VS i f c n wu, miten f f VA i f f n e i ? w u
mfi, n ?rf%5 cmrcn icu n t f n . f s t ^ " (sfe g ),o)-'nt n t mtftn m n ? i f ? i f ? wu ius ^ i mn titen
utu itf?i,if?u cmcn ffct u u ^ mcf? fim St^tfi S i t i u m f c i i n t i i U U T N u i n t Sucnci ff^w^
i f i u f i c n I vflmt m m m'mm-iflt HiUt m m n fiis i u U t n u I mm suen f u u VA mt? i m ^ u t n u i
i f i m i f i u f f i u m u c n n , ?si ici, n t mi'û ^ m miten Tfiugn? itut u miten n - i H c n ifiuiciva
? j f ^ U 5 f U t itcci i m vs n r u I t c ? vantaj u n a i
i m u t n u I i f ? m m titen if' c m m mf^ i c u i
?t^ (1-) (iiift fiut itffci i f i u e n g "cmuen i t i i i I U u t n u (mt'-iuf, i i , ibav; mti-uiif'f, f. isa) i
cmuen ft I m m m'mm. mitci?c<(i crnitcn. u e n
SVG; m f i 4 t ? i f l t H m mfiufen wut fifit f n u, n t
u u t u e n I n u f ^ m f i ^ m m tt m itei, n c n f i i m i i i i fifw i n -nen mi?rfeneit VAT m
mmci fiew um m mut Uvsm n t fiew m U ? m i n
f c u i - f H u i i m I U ititci i titcn mft - imtfi
rut' i f i m i m i cmt muenei fiu TUcn i m m
-^fûuujei VAT m f i n SHfi ?fi?rei r '
mf^ cntt ? n ? m t 8 u i U i i n o muen m m muen
I t e m mf c?tm ?tfievs n , n Su nci- cii?ii îiic'i^ci m - f ? m t m f mw ifm Semei n ifimi ?m
m t u iHs. I cmiicn cn. cn ft? umuftci "mtm um' u ff??tei, Su uumUcw iH fien vsiim^ U 5 1 ^ P mt 1
'mtm I f f ' U i u mcmn u i n n t cmiu muenei 'mfm S^ ficn 'sitsH icm fumt^î i i f i i U m s (i)
f2f' u 'mtm iut' U i u meuii if?c?"(f?ff mtf -mtfii-, f s r # f ( 1 ) iifii-1 f ^ ifltsii m? c? m t n 'm m n
mri-itw'f"f-fjiffiuT," sh\r i.) 1 ?f t m e n nrtcl iltc?? m ^^te ijc? Ufics C6tt m iifii- iat?ii U ^ 1
umli vs'UttU t n t f l mUcw Uvm ( u i . u n t f ) uei n -u?F?ms, m i m t n ifie N F m , -imit U f c n

i f i f E ficn, uit? i n mfif%'ituen f i f i t ufî f m iHatm mfw ite itn, ntew im VA itff
1 1 ? "Sm t n 'mt?fi'i-'mtfm (?) rm itiiici-ie?iwi mtfic i t n n t icitiH F ? n ? S N Semmf mwn m?
limns ?ne?te fimif fif^^ ifiufinm (mfi-itiftft, m i - i n itc i t n I t i i m c n 'mien i H m]^ VQ??^ i m
fi1-, 1 1 , v s ^ ) t?f? Sintnei citm iten (g. m) i u i t u c i I m 'mn ific
1 i^H fifit t U m n t
n t f i m m ^ ?ten ( f . u i f i ) uwf >s uwi iimcn îm n u, ??t Sm m iat?ii m f ? ? j f ^ i ^3 nfti n
tfmtmiin umcn S^ "ufru 1 1 i m f ^ T j t t ^ r itwei f m 1 ? Uiten S c ^ Uei mrti? i H -mffi
t n r n fticnci -ff^; f i m me?? iftic? S n mT^ i f ? ? i u r ? F ? wm'it, mm? 1 ^ u, mm? f f ^
v Q i f stm Ifiuei n t muen-if n ? vs i w u ? m
mfi un, n < M ? i f i utiime? f i f < m m n u n ,
ific" m f i fiUci I u i i t f c n f i m tiitm i i ius Uituen fcm,uti VA S ^ nrcw? iftf 1 <amt vat i u
f i u u i f ? leu n t f i i ' S i f f 4 f i m v f l t n, Su UHe? i i t f i n n, mtfii- mi'mm f i H i irf^ ft? c n 'mtitcn
liiift fif^ mtici unfften ff%m Se!fei ?TII i t m wu, mm t i l VA HfUc? H'u mtiim -^n, n irmfe
(titen f f e i i ftun) ficnf i f i u t i i m neu? cms i u s,n VA?!, it? mi5 fit? i H c ^ i m i ^^n mi--f?mn 1
u m f e i f ^ i H m w u icUwfm ^ u ff^îcn m-ff c n mtici? n m u c i i i u it?Jici, Sm ieum?.Sesrinf

mf miu Sm mtificn cifivs uffe? ici; n i r n n ifieU? (cum, m u n u'Hit VA ftiue? mm VA?tmmtn ?1i
?mt umi n ? i? u, mt t m n mUew? vimifii f i m f imu) m e n icm n i i t c n ic^tt u i t t m iii?it itft^
neu? f i i t i t e it<3 mrme? m < u u S^-imr m t m ?fi?iei ms, I t c i ? i H : mm? w m t m n t m i s , i t i f ^^tc
i f i m f i m i u s i t u e i i t i m u m - U f e n m f i ? i ? i f : i ? fi? ufie, mteii-Sicii i u i i f i m fienficnt:!

t m f fimem
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Contents
tT'Rp'id\st Ri Ate wtAs f f t m fftef t m w r e t ctta tttttc? f f t W?tT tTRf? I S ^ ft? Rt?fAT lit c?,
Mtifewf t w TO? ftsf feiffÂ R<c^ 1wTOTOTAte t r o WfAR-t Atf AT AtfR (R)-iiR tftTO ^ C t f t t t f ^ ' -
wrt^ f % tTOTle?rafwe^ w a ? M t a ( t o t t ? ^ wTWe?? A t e ? ? I ttTt f t t t t I S f t t ttft ficTO AAA 'Wtf (AT) [ g .
^Wm AfftT 's RAlttte? Rtw f ^ TOi?t) t w ? T f i k t t T t 'Wtft^'^-fftf?* I iilAT# WtR-Rt'Qttff, WtR-
C??5 WIAR c t t AT%? AfTC? 'S ? J C ? S t f t f i r 'S f??5f5ps WfA%tf"R-ffolf^tl I
% ? I AtAtAt t t t if tttW ?5tC?t f f k ? ? t ?nc?A ?5f?c 2 t C 5 t t t t t i f ' ? t i ^ ^ t?R Rt? Ate^C? W t a t A t ftAtRt?f?
TOfttCA I wfc? t t f r o f f f f??Tft f?t?t?fe RRtew? t t f f ? f t ?
ttRtet ? ftttf ft^tTST s cQt ft^?t?t - a f f f f tf?TOR v3 9m11 W t a t A A AftfA A t ^ A T O ^ ATOttC?
^Rfft? St? s t f t f t ? ( i ) attR ft^TOT? ftft^ 8 S ftS.WtTO f ? t lilA? t t R t f ATttfABTe?? ff%C ftf^ R t t t C i f f f ?
WtRt S Y "tetr RtetT? s f f f i t f?T, .iAicit f tTO?t f ^ #?c?? TOT
srctfiSif? ARttTORA?f?T r
2,Li <- > _ > l V l IJJJ'i'J i j V u r j '<LL|I Ij'. j t^t
J ^ j J I j 4 l J I ^ I 6jjjJi^^j_^ jLa 'tttlil CA RfR Cff?lf f f t ? St? RTAftf AT?? #?C??

"CTt?T WT5tT f?' WttAA, WtftT f ? AtfFt? TO?tftTOlRf -a ?T?ft ftCAR fftC^J-roA, Cttsft WtR-f-AWtet?.
ff^ *tlC? ? f f AtAtC? rctt? i t g A-S. S
tAtet? AtAtAt CrttCt? RC?I t5tT? Wft?tf I C?t? fttc?
CtRteiT? RC?T tftCAt? tltCR SAt S t f ^ f ? WtatA AtfCTO IL I.I I,." ^1 d _ .
ft?it i" (A) ftf? fwTAtAtft'Q f?Wtf WttICf ftft fft?lt 5 II ^J l

tfttt SfÂlCAS ( f ) ^ V l ^ J ^ j j L i j ." Wt?fft'f1eTOsct
'; "cfTO s t f t t t R f wtctft ft?te?? f f t . ? r f w r t ftro^
tAlet? tft- tAtvf W " (vs .8 -iQ-!) J CJ: J j ' 7,'^'^^^1 J
trot R t ? # C TO?ftTttR Rft RTOTO fl?C I t A t C 5 R
^ y ' l V j "tAtc>T? t t ? t 1 ? f - t?Ttef? Rttjetftsfftct?TORttt? . lii^îSf? WtAt SC?t C f T O i f t^ntR AftTfT-Stf AtCR
?ie?" ( 8 A S O^) I TAtct?ef S f ( f ? ? f ^ ?f Settt^w cft? f t t ) ? f R ^ ? f TO?

S i * WT?tftTOT ? ^ f f f R f f t s f f t f t A? s attRft lAtC??Cf ? R f ft^ R t I fAte?? r I a RTOfSf R 5 ftt ?ft'e -i
lilt C?- ( t ) < J J V l y-s'^ H p T f ^ vQfRta! WtatA?". (13 S , t t t ? e t lAtCt? a t f t ? g R tt^fS i W??ft- f f ? TO?tfRO g
(2-t)T - ' ' ^ ? CA W t R R atftttRf'. tAfCt? a t f t t?T f ? C?TC? tttC? t A f ? f
WtaTAA Sa!? fCf? stftf?ftf fC?? TAI? ? T ^ I W t ^ WfttCf atftttR? ? # ? t f % R ? I C f t t e t ? atfttlRf CTtCt? WTO
t T O AffIR? Wf??t ^CCA Cfftf 1?t? I W t ? C?.RfR tT??ft RtAt WTCA t A t t R Wte?? I CTt?T R . f t t T O t AtCR ? l A t ? t
WtatA 'G tTO ?Tf?f? fft Wft t t f t t t f f Rt? f f ff??T? R' w f a t f w f f f TAtct? atft W t a t A 'TOtfR; wf%f-ATOef
Se^Fct ?it tftTORt fc??, TAtet? wffst wtaTA tAT? TTO tttT fte? iiR?WtAt^ t t 1 > 4 C 4 TO?f*%CtwtAT?
?tfCR? wft?et?t w f ? IS?? we< ttRtf ? f f ? i ffA'Q ?T I tlAt?t Wt?T?TOtAftt TOte?? tTO?TOtR
e? SAt CRtftf ?it^3îte? lilt ?t?ct ct, tRRt? t t ? ? #?e?? tAR atftttRCf? a t f t wfTO Wf^ ITO?t f t SAtCt? ^^C
R?5R fttt R?5R C^^SfCf tftC?t? ?5ft?ft ?ft?tCA 1 e? lilt CTTO f t ff?ttct A?, ?tR fft- C t T O atfttlRCf? f ? f t
^ M f g j fCAtft! C T h e o c r a c y ) Atc i ?t?t Ate WJtA Rte? atTftT? ttf, tR SAtCt? RfA ? f t C ?
fctiR^vscsi t f ? c?teft? f t t tR-t^ t n t - w t n ? ftf?ct? f t t ? f t . I f f t : C t T O A^ C1TO ' f r o Wt?Ai f f ? ? t ?tft R f
RtAta ?ft?tftc?ftAtft ttCf Iftl??5ff<f f = l fftAti^CA liR? S a t R ^ f atRtf?'Q ffl'Q Rf,,tAt ^ ^ e t fft ftf^ ftgA
ttatftf t ? T 5 i e f ? ftf%c,,?l|k ?5?fta tftM=iHl ?5?t i S J S Ate? 1 CTTO afft?tTRf R t T OTOTt ^ ^ f A t ? f ? A ^ Af?- fC??
t r t t f t f t?r5tef? tArfft? SATt ftt? ft??t ^?^?tfR liR? AtTOTOTt ^ S A t f f t fe?R; fft ffAtA-Atmt? R ^
(R)-'il? tAR Wttcf lilt? TAt? Rttft RTAlfct? f t f ? f c R ^ t f t ^ , - R ^ t T i cTRtet? R^ttetacf clRfefRef
ft^?ft?tTC?l wtttt f ? f f ft?T ttft, SAtCt?ef AIT f ? t RAtftt l-W???
f f t Rfc??.;ft?5 ft?T t t R f f All fttc? f i t S.^f'WfS c?!?.-R?etiet? f ? f t ? f f At^Rt, tAt wltR.^ f t f t WfMt I
fftoftc -tttf] tItttCA I fft RtfttC? ? tt?FtRTO CfCSJ W t a t A ?1At? ATT ftfw -ff??Te?? RtTf ?n?t ?jfe?Cf tAtCf
t?lRTttC? f f t ;W?tT tiRf? I. S??- ff?- RT?f AT tilt_ C?, ATt ff?<3 R f ! CfA W?TtAte? f?A '^CR tAtt S^SAtfAftfCf
Wtfff.-'?[ttfR. ftAtfs Ate?? .tt?-ftf?f tAttCf? C? C?t? Ct w t f t S A t atfsftCA? wftfR ttttft, f f f ATla AJtttC? CR
m tîfC I tTAtftf t?tRC% ftt^C .Cft?. ?T1^ WTff'fT C?R ?t^tAtftRtTO;CR Ct Rttttl^'^^ AttlCAt I Afftt ACAtaft^
f ' f t f ? t??tf&-,Atft CtCR f f t Wf#?R W r f f ' R - f ' f t f ? Rt A'QAt t w R^tfC? ? t t t A t ? R t f % ? : f t f 5 f l f At>G Rt TO?
tfffc?^ I ff^*istvo <in?t ?jfe?cf'^ttAICf f ? l aifjfft -tt^/ffte; |12pf ; R t c S^sÂ ^ ?Rt ^5t3R i.
AttiR Rt is. ftRTff) I tttse? f'WtS R t f t 1 e ? ? t | tfWt^fTO RTfttf- ftTO - R R ? f 4 Rtet TO? R f ^ R f f t t t a t t - aWR
f?tteftt
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Contents
t m (2-18
iHn, tut s ^ nt tfiuw Stft I l i W : cmm ^cum mtm'^ ? f?c^ n t fiHi.Sm-? f i i t Sm mr

u
wn ut S m m m u f i a u; ^ f , w -Suen 2tf%H? H?lt?tficiU ??HfHtuui? ntmmcm ctmrci
U U I ^ i f w n uu i t c i . i n m m f i m ufiva U; mim i w m m t f i u f i e n r n cmm f i u m mm? n u c ?
f f i cm m i t mate? f f^vfiff'f 15% ufmt u ntSwm mtm fiem f<f i t e ? mH c m u e i f? ?uH uu iit
1
f f i m t iio-tui i t c ufiei u ât mss? icu c i s f i

1 ifiu c a t u c i wtumi e^f^tu uf? mm? m n i fH ci I
i m c i t f i cmm a(fmnm fius f u cmm tfmn 1 mm? ifim, ?H iim-5:mmv3 su if?, e? muu
mifi? U U C I cmuei ci-ftim m ufiuei? l a t a f i m m mim ? i i t c c4H*ci c m n i mfmt ut u nt iflt
1 S f < ? 1" f i l e ? mim I C U c m n i f n T U ^ s cific ut u muen 1
lilt mm m m ci, tmen mifii f : i ?S m m m i H cirnii mfimt i i i i u ifiu mtH t i t e n fiit i t c

CI m " S i f f4 ^ i f f m ^ 'St, tmi-t ufif?, fien mim?-i^ mm ifiu i t r n i nt muen ^ffi i t c Sî
n? mif U f ? f i f i ; (U) n? "Sm m i - (U) m p ufici f u ^ ifiu fim" ( U l f " i - U i t i f , 11, 'b'^-'bi, f i n ,
ius fif^ imi'Mi itc n t m "mf (U) i i ius m.H.) I
fif^ f o U s V3 Sieii itc-:Siten ifimim m.i tmen t m f uS-ifci m f # m c n wu t i t c n f i w f i w 11

S^ mifii fci ? m / c i ^ ? ? i i t e ? c? i n - f i f f men m e n ff mfim nt u?f? uifii m f i i m ? f i u e i n 1
f l l , Sitei? I U ite Iflift ? 5 f f f f=if[ flm s ifm i U c n f i l e ? rni-fmrc? f m t e m u ? i i ? t c i s

u ? f ? mfime?? c i ^ mumr i n mfci? i m flcn iiiu 1
J l i i ^ ; i ' ^ i V
1?? "Sm (U) cmienei icin ifiu iHuflcii s'mifen 'fcn utitc? cwm-???if u t " (1 s K?^) 1 n? "Sm
ltd mm mff?ci? ?tf n mei, cmuen ltd (mfU- ( u ) mii-u?fi-fitmcn j%iien iH ci if%^ m m m
uei) mm t f ^ - t mei 1 ?fi mifi ? f i t , e? Su iûf^m. Sue t u r n i i mfifiien ^ mei? mfim
itc f i ^ i l l iH? u I m? i f i ieum ie, mmmifiSu. ^ f f H iiten-us?'iCifi ciU m i i&fufmi -tuf
ite fi?iifUe? ?i-cimcn u? fiiiei? w m i i i iH? 1 f m tfiii-icf -mti-mfU-f^-Kii fiwen i t m .?4m
mii! mm Hi?^ mtiuen i f i mfiim mm Uiuei S^ iH-if^ Hni i m ifiuen ( i i . khcth-) 1
1
lit i l l mfnic?? file? mtm-fi?^5tc H m m t mnten c i i ?m HnH^s liiiH f ?^f<f i ^

i?j miii?sfi lit s (i) c m m mtw u ? m n t i i f 11c?
?^-iH5tnt? 1
55;iH f i m t m f f?H-Hiien im itcc^ mfim,

I
iti'c?immtf%m5fc?ifîf?uuuum (1)mmite
umfim, it% vg fiitimei ?m I U 1 turn n H 5?i
uuw V3 utfue? U I mHm n c n Su mutimc? u? vs nen ?i?ft fine? i i i iHuci 1 mi-f nrei mmfc^
i u u n; () miH c n mnten mm iH n t cien mgiH fic fiu ?fi?rcn s
f u ^ e i ?fi= ufi; ( 8 ) mH c n miiicnei Hiei fifi:<3 u
iH" (mf f ^ , fiT|'i-u?tw, ^ ; hH) m "Sm (u)-'ifl?
I
Ic Uj I '^j I J . Ij 'J 1 ill } J
k jH-^L. ojl"' Ore
Sâ; cmm iHiH liit ititfii c i , m u m i im f i i ^ 5 - ^ 0 > 0 ^ 0 o f

' ' .'iV^ '-'1 ' '
.fif^ fium tifi? ufi iii?t. fH mem Suen w m \\"'-r. V; ' ^ l l j I -OJ I 'JJL ll V V
-dJ I L L L J l>i J - a l 'u
fici-i iii?Tf fH i H ?n? utem mie? ifig im?
111 i ? i f liufei ifmrt. muen HiD^ itc muen
C1.I J ^ '
ifli^
?imf? ftm ite? I "^cî^ mgiH ci^su ^^1 t i t e n c i inmt m^gw i t u e i ,
m i m u e n i H mTim I U i t u c i , f i n mm m t c n c i
. Sm-? miitcn Sn uscintf? stH m ^ m < c n mtuu i?e m u f n m m t e m i - m m e n ' j i ^ e
cimi nmt tmei. mt 1 ifliu n? "mif (u) im iui?te? Hmf i?t itîci "Q?[ lit m u i c i , mmu um, I
w n fiis mf? i?mf i i i f mew wtfic. ufien c i , c i

m u e n i H i t n m m mtm ? ^ m m wtf? n n c i
u ? f m-uei? mf mtmt ifntci tUc HH iite^ fifien,
1
1
mu n uu m r u iHci, c? f u n Wm itu ut f m
" c i c^ ?Tf%5 U U C I mH <[fmm ?fiu i c i ifim '. f H c?
m t m f n t f e n Suiu fm, f i w t , U | f Sinui? ^s n f w ^ T i ^
11m uu utc! n t Itm C i t i t i iHm if?ei c i i u U i t e mfii m i u n mtm? m . . ( 1 1 s
cmmwmt ummm i i u i i f ? i i , i . i u cmm fiis
vs^-so) 1
( f g ; f i m mutu fim w t f i m w u ci<|f s f i i f f f i f ,

fill i e i n ? fH ?i I t f lam ?5f?ei n t ? t ? m fim
f U f m--uf, iiti, i f , bob 1.) 1 - p ; f???i n f t vs?3f f<f
ifici; f i f citf msf fiu Su if?ei ? ufm, f i f f i ,
'^mfHficmv5m?rc_?f=f-^?iei o ^
f f i i , fsnfti, tmen mif fiu ? c? mif m m f f i ?
fwtfiicne^ itfir fiue?-m'iHufien n t c? i < fiu 'Jb l ^ i l l 1^ J J i VI J j l o ' l i ^ f ^ j - l l Vj
' ' '1 T I L L ' -1
lit C U C I ?m SemiT fli, citi^f fiu ?^fH liins. d i
?5U
f i m e m
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Contents
"m cm^s wtf? ATF cn cWw?ci (f:wa

mfli's mten fne?) ffnt??wc?<2fe?FF5?T?5e? 1. cmf
'\3(|VJQ HCÎVI <pRc<l' I Slt.T1X3?rt? FI<T>'G\S<)" (ftg br)-1
itffi'i-f'fsift? w - ' I F F (U) fw? itnwt
fifsmmen I T C I m^ meiinTsn? wm msei^n mTF ^ C I I T -
cfien m ?@-munt ?j uwff? îffu3i
ifnten i ^ mteuntu? fn?t ms['i-?iuuT ief (11,
If., uu. t u mM-uff, fin) ? ? , ? F ^ ?Huci I Iflt fci
mrnf Su? finten ntsf cun uf?efi 1 t m f url? FF%
c?n e?n fsÛs, Mi, utff^, - ^ # # 1 , ?Tîf?5 -a
?fi? f=if R)n Sn siHH tu Su itc wtu utc? I u m f ?
unpt^ Ufei n? 'mf-(U) ?cn " u m f cum uw?
isn if?e?, I ^ F ? ? ^ f^ f?e?, cum wm?t?enmn -a
?Fmt u?en wu,?uu?T C 5 F f?e? ms cum wfi mm
f?m ? T ? F T fie? 1"
nmf n? "mf (U) S^ untei men cn c?,
C I cn miu mmn mgiKi ntei ft? cn ns utitn
F?!T? ?5?S F I ? T F ? u n VA ?Tfi ( I ) - ! / ! ? f^tifi u n
?se? 1 F F I muei'^t menva cn c?, c? cn utirn u:t
m u i uu?T m ifi:;wc? -A -spl nt u:Bt uei ui^n 1
F F I ?en g "fiew? wu itmci? nsTiei F ^ wtfic? ns

mm mmf ite ^ ufie? 1
"f? mse? cum wiumen wu mfii, c^ Â -^c^ e? S m fifiie?feiuisf1 if?u cmt-^^c?" (m-i?f,
n u ifie? 1 ftsf us? ut? mnuff itu utc? u 1 ffi i i , ^VBVBFT) 1
cnei mm 1? c?, m m ttm -am ^ ^pft-figjf? 211 u ? ^ (5.)-'fl? fc^ fifiiii ?n f t f i - n fifcnei
im i i i i W L , citiei ffiÂ spft-fi^jfnf cm^cn ife ftftw ifi: mim iten, n mitu fwnt-? ni? m<
imiiiiif?e?i fifen fiis iii4ifimi m mtf 'S?t?u t?f'i-wt?m'
1
"./it
iuv3 mn ufie? c?, ffi wiu?t?en m ifm (U) fifim i n fifw muei? itmffiici ^st iei meii
1
c^stm m m? m m tfm? F??tm 1 mn icf? usm VAfnt' ii? cm iHcn c?, fifen fiit itc ci fwnt Sfm
mis?n itc w mi I W I mn-n-nen if IJI^F^BI<T i u Ûci, S m I f n t cn muen fiit fiutu cmt n
?5fic? nt Wf uu ite fc? Ufie? wiu?t?en nrfi (55iti-mnf f, ' J . ioH) I u f , fi, i t i f ,#m,-fig'? ufe,
1
U?en if fien icucui fie? 1 fen ^ furmen mim ?Tfe, f ? i i i - i ^ i m f i cm, titen fiit ite
mums vq -"Hsp? fi?5c^ ifm wu icuwf?fi I F ^ cmva fwnt ivQU it u. vfln W ?t?f "i-ucn m< itc
itcci wiumi I un, wiu?t?en luti u?en ift muenei mtuva i m i u ^ 1 mm "Sm mn' (U)
fien icueuf itc? 1 ftnt-fien, I^rm vq n-fim wra f ? fiitmc? fc^ viiiu w^ti ^ u ^ f i f e i fm if?c
iT?ii^ li ifiu fie? n t f i i vq cittf? cmenci f? cifiu mm fiit tm fm ifim m i wtfic uftcn i
Sidtt ifiien ^wf^ ifie? u 1 ^ Ulf S ^ f i i CI, Uun? mei mw ifi: mm ^VQU^
"dim, fiituuu VQ nrnimi ufêi Sf? fifa; f n ?t?cn wu icuwf? msf vs fwm-? mf isn i f i m
ifie? I cnm ^ ufm -flt ^ 03% citiei i m iei ifie? SetifCi CI fm ificsci 1 tite n ? "Sm (U) muei fiw
u I 'flt?ii ifici cifm cmcn fun ifiu utc? ns 'jei i t u fiu f i f mf mtu fien 1 msn ffi c? tm
?ni? cite?m n mw ific m?^ itn utu utc?. . . 1 Hmu ivafi if?u fien ^ mut m , n t m m wu ^s
1
wiicn if fU VA nt i u ^ ifiu muen mtft U W 1 ific mm um ifif fwm wu u ? f ' i - m itcs mm fi?tfi
cBf ifie? I if??t fien (mf 'S?t?i mi-iifii t n u m , mi-mivsm,
"wiu?t?cn ICU ien G3f? cm itei 1 n i G3f ' J . 8 F T ) I f%fi
iît f m S^ Itei? nIei fiiten itit imfi
ntcsf iimcn mfi fifi itu nrnti ie? tuu viiei muft ^ g VB^ Cii ifien 1 tui mtf f ^ i - n ic Sâ^
1
mie?? if% f i n f i uei 1 muen leU <iiii >nft cgf mtcim?teSfifimi-f?nt' t mmmf#mifig
t m f fiitem
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Contents
wi^cnw va %i-ifiiffi'(4^L_î) n? mif fi fimffwi icm ? ^ im 1 ? i" rnii n nfei ? f ^ itifci, mfi (m)
if%gwmiiitti it?ic^ (f4Vi|<^'cj-n#si,"<j. <i;i) i ?fi?ten, "c? ?jf%m sifeif mfiF.mfm mfm mn ie?, ci
t*iilf .liiitn f i f i i iim AiiiiMcn i j f i iHvoli i f i f n mfe ffii iei" (mti-fmf) i mtf, i r i i ^ cm va m # 5 t c ?
cfi ifim viif*i?)ic^ I Sitniî m mi, l i m o i f fiemf fitfi?ilva mite mfffi ^fwt ite f f e m
"mff (m)-n ftm fim (i^) ff? cn i fim-ft if? itc?, f ? n e i f ? m mtfi mijenciva mm ^ m m
i H : ^
iiR?ifii f m 1 fiifii 1? Wo "mif (m) mi? fiis mtitm i t i i i f ? f cff? ifimci i iii^ptei Sit
Sir cifim f^fim cifim i f % f i irff ^m?i-oqi mmtic S^ mtmm f i f ^ cgf n f ^ iHmei i f ?m mfi mfi m
fttci? f i n : ^ mm itr?? ificii i f m fimf m m m men ifiitm fimfe? iiw? fimfici. imi men im mim
ic^ S ^ ?fii c?, f?m--ft? mfii ci-t r n f m?i' n? I f i i t e n (b- sb-S9),fwiKnitim?tHftc?mtw?fimfici
mnf (m)-? fiit f m iff? i i w c i t i v a m i mrci Hm Itm ifvamem (ftb- s 8) ntmt^cnfimfiiic?fiffiei
mf f m fiit wffir -BTftcn i nms "^mtf (m) n f t i m iT<s?rcm (^ s ib-8) Hm Hffi ifimei i v n H itfti-
cifmtw W v a m fim f tifc HH f m Hitf? i w ?r^(m) ifimtn, "fiH i f n i mn wtf?men ?i?itc??
m
f i m r f m cifiHimo "mTf ( i f ) ^ i f f mi^-n wm S ^ ?fimci s ifH, m i ^ m t s i " (mtfîfSi

f H
mtiimim mHf itm t i m i i i i? imr if?i s mm)iitfci- ife?f? icmwmfi? i H w mfim i H

cici? i f l t wmtci f m mfif I f f ? 'mtific ciiicn mj^ mfi cmam ^tmci i vit m meii va Hmen S c ^
mm I t f 'ifm f?ic^-mtm ici^ m cn, t t t ct i f - CT,Sit mm iHf~ C i t i c n f n m f ? e n w i T ieitwf?
vflt
mfiici? ms[?ii imHm ^n'^-mtil?, oi, iô) i S i i ? i t f i ? mm ite? n t citms if?g mrfe tm f n
î
ffift m1tifi mtu fH ifim ScRfci tnti c? if?en ie?twf? Sii?en mm ?ftmei ifim m iHe? i t i
mitiHi ?T?fr mim ifimti. Sit m i ^ ff^pn ^ m^ S^ Scitijci ff ?#m f ? m . mfi vinfiei c?n.
I C I I
cwm iciticmii nt Sm mr lutnma i mtfcn m1tifi mtm? ici m-lm i H m - i H f ^ fi?tei, m fmi ciH
mrm mitcn Scm?i- t m i n-imci. mn ficn >nH m < n-mmfe new citicn lem. vit mit fH if??tci,,CT,
m^'su^ff cffiii'Siimnci Hff?iH?rci ntSifci fien m . n-men i t f i i itcen mtm i .fH.-itiic4vs
mn ( m i ) ^ m m ? urn (mfsfi) mtci mffi. ifimci mfii ?i-mcn' ifHti mm n t mitei mit nimcn
m% S m Sir#rci wif nt ?i?n ?fim ficii iflmci mrfii mm ; f i f i N S^ ?i-mmen
vaiw? ?m.?cS;
f
(f. 1 S i bro ; s io)î iiifwci, I t i H m SitsH ntiflt Sm mfifif, itccn mm/(ft H <\),
s i
cwm ifigcn f i f ifc?i iHmci i iit cma t n r n msf tnrn imf%? Smfimen mrti i ? f ^ ifim mmei
S i t ^ mire simit, iim, m<i?m rnn-Hnif itgcn mfii ? j f e ? fcm imfe? ?^sen mff fHm n t mitc?
iH-^gcn mta? i l l im m n, 'siH Hcm^?tfi?tci 1 Hm i?f.iR?l?,mmcsr,.Hs7 vg.vjftg citicn w m mfii
t m i ffim Sit^m? cm wt't? i m Sn fi?ii mrcmmmivfl mtnimftifnt cif va.'jem iflt?ii,ifr
mtcmi I C ? m rSmnmii m mffiiti, <i<m. Hit s^-ifim fimci mm tmf. nrcw mfii t?im f H
>s I t f i i f imSitcnrniacmtitcn ^ ? fm ;mt? ifimci n t mm I C Im v s . i f iHcn .icm cjjf-mti?
t?? I c? 'SiiT i ^ littCT,Sitcn mm Sic? ?f2fe Hfg mi3Fm.fHitc,ite?iti ...
mn? itifisfcn fH.cnrnmrI tnti l f l i ? f S^?tfim mftcn mtc?iH iitSenii
tnrn itfcn fiH^ mffN5 icmwn in men- iH mfm CT, litSm .n-imi^ten ^ mtin citcf? itc
I C I
fntci'nt f f it?m?ci mtm ifimcit tmen mitifm fitf ^tm ^11 ^ ? t mte? I virmf tnti Hfit .v!|
?T?fm mmi i m m i â mum i H ntfff?, mit fifin; SmfiitHil itft ntew? iHg va H ? ? , ? j f e c n w m
?m ?fi?tci r tmm fisiticn wm mitcn mtf figfi ^ ?jfm mmf%? m t i Hem mfii itm fcmi .?tfi?tci i CT
rntcn mf?^, itifR, fim xsrotijîcmwi i?i imci i i f . m f ? . va.mnm i f f "mf Hmn f mfm imfe?
m ifim fimci If?m mfi, fimien ficsfi^sficn SMffimf ICI, ;f ?]fe î?. ^^mifcn wm f? mmf%?
^ <j?sH mti H?tf? ifim fimci i mn-f ?mrei S^ itlicis ^ t i Hfit if?m I t t c i t n i tnti ? f mfêi ft?
linH
1 o imff? vfli-ffmti m i p i mei .m..if?m mte^::Snti

V j*
J > ^ ^ b J^f-^ f + l '
imifefteii
Cf;* J
, _ -V.
. "m. titen| n-imHc mrgif â ifênn ?ft?tici" -, wiici? Item !s,-mimT mtf?fi. iemwi ,i?c^ S c ^
tmi:.itir v a m n i T , mtitm-? ?i?ft m t . Uff m v a
i ? ^
mftiivQ ? f ^ ?fi?tei, m^^ (f) ifiifen, p o v s f i 3;iTmi i ^ m e ^ r J

."Itmm
Smi3iw?in ?mm?,-tn i t ? ? ^ ^
t fiis itc mtii ?5f?m cufi^sfivaîmf citlsen ?H m s >it?ii cut mCT,mite? msf mew?
IC wf?2i^
fiiteim
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Contents
wi<t>cn snmmm fat i f k m m ngm- iif^c^ci fitcn cim? lie f # f ^ u icf, tmei cit fium?
m i m ^Tjj^ ,^cf m, cum? stfift
3f5T< t t c c ^ mm sif m uu ituei cit I fwHen iH i?it?t?cn
m n
mic?? m muw? nrnn? ifig cuiw? itcu? ^lumi vs mf wff t m i Suenei ?jf^fieien ufiitm ^ f i u
mffii enmmm fat i u w i (rni-fitit, b% icMs) i
?m ifiu nt ?ft? ufimm.cit fnen n? uu ûei, stf
vi!m#s tnmi^2t?f^f?f^siiic?? nrwîi vsî^Ti^pg cit m n fwfien mfti ?Hu emu ifiuen ^ uwfca?
imftvs fif^ ^fn^rm^mi mi' m t n ifnrn apft uift ifne i i 3 u umi^ .cmcn u n ?ie?i if??t?i i S u
ICS nHm,'mm?tm,
I um tJtfi? f n t t cmi mc?, wfiuff? sfifm iiei-uiie f m ? ft? 'ifun? f n
fUfwUu cm-itSH? Hmttitc?, viin f i fncnci ftw U, uffiiei mu ifiu fiUei i S m iei f n l l mfi
i ? ? U i if??t? 1 ^
vs - ^ n ?mitfffm?ci fiif<?
t ^ if?Ef jgiftf f n ntew Sft ituei tnm u n stff? I fiai:^
?ft mnlw, fnmcnci mffii mtuu im ufirn

mw vs vs tfw vs ?ti file? mu cimi m miu m ifivsiii ic?
ClU mtn-umm? itc? ntfi us? ftfitu? mmvs.vs?tiif
vs lit 1 S u ii<mi^fnvic? ititus fnt ite ai mm ifim
imf%? itc
mm u f ? ufimci I T } miiu
uc? I cimi fiuivs stun ie? ut i
srtftcn mffn -BHU utu? W U 'mti-mtm-mrfu?' u n tmci? i m tnten mfium? itei 'jfif?
stit? %
n f t u?tffi %t g ^ i M fi imicn itn-,

vsjjifipfvo I Ufcn mutHii,"2ifi vs-^muffii mft mif misif
men uiftci nw ifnrn icm fiii itm-ifm m^rff f n I mvsfg vs m m 1 ? f ^ cwitf n nât fsFt,
(?) fi^-imi itn-uinffift ucnci fiit^tu g^ H[i vs I t m i ?f m m fsFt vs iiunrn f i w f mme? mt
i???ti ifnt? ufiui? gc*f? i c u f i t ' i - i t f ?
vSc*tcf ifSu fiufn I t f n fiieui ii fif mnufff mt
(g^ f??^ c?^) u n vsu^-jp ^Jtc?i isfntflcii i
i5i1t infi fll fien wtfifen u ? ' i H i fim-fiim, fw-
I
citu?.itc i m i g^ fii itcnci fiu

fifit g^ ^^mi fimm, fw-fiii ?i?m ii?ei un'-wtf? iNr vsmtif
f ^ i??m?mtmt I u ^ (m) itftitc? m ?% ifim fif^ itu fiUfll rniei st^fi ficn ? ? ?i (ftf ii,
?um~if?5 .mtft citim m?t m itfic? nt2tf ?i, m^-iwt u mfii uf, U|f i i vs -fa ?i) us ?
Imtiei ffi mt?it? mitfw?cn i c u mtiHr^ uuHi
vs ijm (mf? mm, tuf imm cum i T m ) fi#? vs
mmu itc?i ufie ufien i rniu

ic5t ci, t i m v^t' Hgti itu iffufn mfm ffvsue? fi' Sfi itu
I vit
mw itc ufig, ?fmi, mwm, cuiutfi mtfii tnr g? m ftmie? mteiti f i ^ i men icu mjw 5ffgi
ifiim S e ^ fifp;i 1ft 4ii if??tei I meitfi ifiu fii I

?m fci mtfsH nmfi?.? me?? m m Siff fiitite? ^m '^cei m m m'mtm Ufei citizen
i u ititci, Suen n lUte (2}ft-f?en caft-mspm f f t fiit cfitu cgvsu I cm mti-fmci S^ ituei s
itm ftw fift Utuei i m?tci ntew cgft-fien
vflt?ii Lil-jj I'll II. J j-jl L o jl.^ Jj-^j-ll ^-^^ê
CIU .cgsu u?mtft ifif tmen uii,fif^men-itmt "ci ?ifi! cmrni? s t f u i i 2jf? Hit ite cmm stH
vs vQTniTp u?ft? mnft? iH^ m m fift (g. ?tms,

Svgs ?lUUf?i"Ûei I mufH?mite? (citicn fiiS) c!titu
I t m t vs vsm'i) I Us" (ft s i) I n ^tm fiuit lie? n ft?
? t ^ (m)
fci tnten mni?' (mm, uHgj) i m ^ mm

viit mrlt #?en c?H m? nt mtf #um? lUt ?n? ffen
nut m i wift mi-f UUCI m it?ici s,
I vit?ii t?f1 sfue? m ifiuen tifnten ne? fH CI,
f ^~r' to
. f I jiLlI
ff oY 3 'o t ^ ^
J ,_j-JJ>-ll "UJIj c? tmiei n i "mn Sifen îfiufiil i i 'jf cifiu
"nrnt mimmt?f^ nt cmm ml?2t^" s i (S'l vsv)
f^tuen, ^ tlt I C I , nt "mm Sifen uf^ms-Smci
S ^ mlue m m mtfcn 2tffl mm sreuwen it?ei vs
stuH vs if cifiu fimtcn i mfiif cieif tntm. fien
mitei mn'l?' uei mutfi ifiuen i itim mem? m< cmvs fifit. wtf? wu nt S u cieif n i
ICI wtf? mtn
ufiST u mmgfim iei, nt s m m< itcc^ steUwi ^ wu fimte? m m , mt fH f m # ? m i i ? t stfe?fm

fueifwt I nmi mtm t'mmi uft Uiu ufiu i t m U T ^ ?îmen tnten u'u cfitu fiuen i
Hitvs
mci fifii mew m< fm vs ^fwuen cui f i t n cm tnrn c ? ' n i u n wtf? wu Hmte? miti, f ? m
fiuei I u#ten ?im?te tu ? f ^ ititen cm 8
tmei mmen"uHmtfimtei' ^ i ?fiu ftff m i (i)..... Q l l ^ ^ l l d t j K Vl H - . l ' l n j I t l j
i u ûei I m i Su un-sTff? mmfii uf i mmen "UtH cm cmuei n i m? wtf? i H fitumm vs

^ n ?jf^-ufi?iu ufiei iei -a m^f^fu
UfC?? ?5^mtiJi prnfte-^ mituH" (o8 g ^b-) I
wtifi 1? fif Uitt ?tf%5-iiH?nt? fcUd n-img ntew?
I (1) i i i j Vl dAiiuji
t m f fiitem
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Contents
"wtft ct c \ o l t R 4 w f o R f t A ? s t f t (f?s=r ? l A t t t n : t t f y i L l ^ Y , I
CSt?tf%tft" ( A i SioH) I
"Cfftt C R t f C t t C f RAW ftTO ft; f f e ftTO ft RT I
(V5) I V J . ; <1ji J . \ I ^ i c wt? Ctt?t C R t f C t t C f f R ? T O Rtt,v3TO?tAtet?ef (ftl?
"fft A R , CA R f A ! W t f t CotRtCAA _RfCRA s f f t CStft f t t ?lt?T) f t f t r o t Af?ltAf f t f t " ( W t R - f t t f , A t . , At'f'
WtalAA.ttfR" ( H S iftb-) I ' f'Wt? t R f R - t l T O ) I
(8)'^LJJJ ' j J l l i i _ (^0) t t t l C W t f f f g ft^^tCf CRTfCt? R f C t t?TA3RR
,"tAf (WtR-f AWtR) R t ' tRtRt Wtft? WAT m fttlR" Stftfff?t 8 t R R t e t ? Rt'ÂT t ^ f t f t C R W f t t R t C T ?
(i8 SftA)t S t ? liifca..^ lilf RC5f t t f ' w t e ? t t ? f t ? f t f t - f t t t e ? ? c?TtfT
( f t ) O ^ J ^ L 1 ^ V L J^Î:,! a t t t t t (?m\ t ^ RCA, ??? f53ct? R i p t t t R t e t ? f f t - f t t t ? e f

tf?3Fet l i i f i t ? t ? l i i f i t f f t A t c t t ff?e A t e ? i c??? s t t e t
"tAt C T R R S t . f t c t ? WAT StC<Tt ft^WAT ftf ACA" ( ^ S
f t t R fttl'llC^t t f ' ^ f t , W S t ? t t f t g t t t t t c ? tT'?t
Vl) I
TO? R ^ ? ^ ? I ? A f f t f # A e ? StCAftCtttT W f t f f WtTttT CRtet?
t t R t e t ? S f T O ^ S f R t C ? ? ^ tt?t ? t ^ ( R ) - i f l l ? t t f t t t C R ?
t A S W ? T t A f ftR I Wt? s|5fC?? C ^ WATtA StrBtt? f C R w f t t?t?f ftft-ftTO I , ,
Wa?tCR? R C t T f t t T R T t C ? ? f f t ?tc S f t t ^ R A t R t t C ? ? f t ? (8) W5RfttCt? A R f l t RttR 8 t t R t e t ? Rf'SAf ^3 tAfet
t # ft^ AlWt? AtWt? R t t R ? T t f t fRt4 'S fftttR ftC9?

WftfRRCt? S f f t C^-RAt tR?TRf C A t t t t t lil?.? rAfCt?
W f t t t f t , ftft^ sfffft t c t ? W f t t f t 'S ftft^ s f f f f t ^ R R r T O Stft RAtffft 'S RAeAffft Sttf? fR?t lAtCT? W3?Cf t t R t e t ?
tftts Atttt tt%TO ftft^ff Cttcg? ftft^ Wtft, ? t W t - ? t t t l R A Sfft W T f t f t t c A t e ? I t t R t e t ? f t t t a t tAtct? stft liittit
ftftg Rtfftts, t f f f t ? ATttA? c g f ? . , C R T fTO?W ^ ttAj- t A t f t T f f w T ^ t f f t c a SAIC tAtct? w s ? ^ i t f f ? t c ?
t t C T O w f t ftAttC?? # ? ? A t t ? A l f t t t ? t C t t f t t R t C S I ? R T f lit?? tAtctt W3?. ^te A ^ f l R ^ l RTf?ei?fff ?tc? i
S t R f t ?!f??t TO? t R R t R S f T O ? t f t C ? ? W f t R f t s - '3 isftzt Rt*[C< (a) tfsatttf's " ^ ^ f f t f t ? Rf'SAt c t t f ? t 8 wf?ftte??
5^ A t t t ttRtCtt f%5R TOtCR W t i l A ' t ^ t f C t ? I S ^ ftroft ftf5 t t R T R C f C t t f f t t T t f t c R tAtcttcf f?ewc?? fft, t?e?f
tlifCtJt t t t c t ftft ftR ? t f R (R)-'IL? A f ^ t - ? f R f t I f ? '3 f g ^ t t t ^ ^ sfc?rft f t t c wfJ^t? W t T O wT^ W f f I WtatA

R f C A ? RCtT I W t R - f t W t C ? ? ftCAP^ Wftf ?tc t R R f C t ? t 'WTtT? W t % f , t'sftR, ftRM, fttTt,,tR-R^ ttCAt
T ^ t ? t f ? f t f f t f f t Wt?tTOS s t t f f R sfft^, t t f t t , RtRt, RI^SR, A ' N i r . W t t R t f t I t f t
f f t t f t T O f t C R SAtC?? RTTt R t C ^ fflftftf fft Ctt f?t
i i j i k i J) n I I J 2 n . iiilij j _ . J... j j t j l
TO? ^ f 1 t f t t c t t t r ^ f f t f . f a r t t '3 ftfttef stftt f?t
W f f I A t ? WtatA w i R - f t w t c t f ? f t 5 ^ f M t f ^ t A t a W?T
"fft (CRffCtACf) ftfRt. '3 R f t C f f t ' A M CfRTt
R t f t c f Ste?tf??tc?? I ' \
stfttTRCtJ? t c t t?5TO?f A t C t ? R f t RigfC? W t C R t ^ TO"
(b) ? R sfc?rft ^ c f?? t t f t 8 t e f ? ATtttC? ???tt ^
(i^b s i A f t ) I s^ ,wrtt ^tC Wt?t TO C ? , ttRtet? Tt%t
tf^^sicttt îte f A t t f t wT^ w ? ^ I WtatA t'^TOft ? f t c c ^
ft?ft S t f e t ? RtATtT sfAt A s f t e ^ c ? s ( i ) f f r o ^ ^3
" f ? R = t C f ? ? ? ? # R t " ( A S Aft'b) I t t R t e t t c t ? StTO W?t
(A) RftC?t '3 (ô).SiSR t f t ? WtCRIMt I
t r o ( f . ) I t T O f ? t t C t ? T O I ?Rt W ? f A t T f Ct, f f f f ? Cftt'S
: WtatA t'WTRt f f f s f w S ^ . f t ? f t f A f t f t SfCt?
t f ^ ? ? t t f t f R f t e ? f t A t t ' S W T O Rttt?TR f t t t R ' S Ss,.t^
?t^rtt?c?? S c ^ n t . ? t f R ( R ) ftwt^ Rttt f f f f t ftfttt
f f t t f ftc tte? ?t I W t ^ T'WtRf ACR? 8
fftiltC?? g
( i ) R f a f f f ^3 t t S R R T t ? Ttf S Rt''S?r: l j f t t ? ?stC? JL J I ,
ft??, R f s T C ^ - t R ? t R T e f : f t ? ^ftcTO f t t fttTe? sfAt
f f t c ^ c ? I f T ? t f c i t t ^ l ^3 f f t t wetT? W T O f t f ^3
fte^fltfct I
(A) R A W f t t f R ? T O S f T O S Rt'^sAt v3 fA%tR ftcf
f c ? ? ? A t , RAW ^ W t R l R ftfsft CRTfCt? R f C t S t f t f t t
t t f f ? I f t C f f f l ? 'Q WRttT R t t t i C t CRffCt? R ^ e t Attt?
f ? t Sft RCA I W t l T A t t ? t , f t T ^ ?tARle? f t t Rtt?T
CRtfC?? W S t C f R?Rt Wtttft ^3 W t t f t ?tRe ^ C ? I f T O
f T O w t i T A A t t ? 'Q 'wttte?? f t t Rtttt tAtet? w r s i f c f
ftttt, ftt? l t a i t f t t R f f k RCA I ? t ^ ( R ) t f t t t e ? ? 8
t t R t f ffttCfT?
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Contents
t m
iim%vo ;nt?it m^ m S U s cific f t m im I t , n u c ffi ifim vs fi?ei? cm-3FH ffim i f i m n t fiewen fmm?
mucins iiiif-^miici f i f i i i r n i t i t r n i w t i - f i m t c i cn I f m muen cii ifim muenei citimf? n
mrmm
u i f i mm n t i t u c ? s ^tc mftc? mifien, vîn H m<iilf i m s n i v s o i f e S^

0 ^^G ^^0
wm f^me? vs itieu? ift imtn ifimen i f i ^ i
^
Itfif i
Jl J_=,.l t ^ l j
t?c fifii mmmf imsiien S^ iticn tfiti itfif
<LLoLo "ULLI <LLII |IJ^ j_i

vit i m i T m m i m ie? i
"mm ( f ^ nci) ciniis fifii ctmm fiis mfi
5fiim
niitc? ffife tmen i m vs i m itc? V A I H
itfit ifici ffi tuci wtfi fic? ituc ci mm^? itim s i f ff m i tit fli CI, t i m i t f ^ fim-fH vs fmif%:
fic i r a I mosn tuci fiitn ftci cfiftif fitm, imi
ic?tcn m ^ wtm i ? f cm ficnim^ u f ^ iH
m m t m cit^" (s> utim fim mf& mf^
8 >}*) I m t m ?
i3fien ^ê f^ itm t i m vs S m fim ne^ fsm
Sm m m fSm ifim cifiim fcmi ittci n t filiicii
lenit I C ? cl i]iei ifim u tfiiei
imm? ntm? t m m^ ^^c ij-fmn ilitfitci
S m f f m U ite? i
'iit?ii men ism ?'fu it-muc mfifii

J l ifim fic? I iT?m iflt ci, tmci ?mf? ifu? ? i
mtnt cific
if??ci citmi ffiit itn ific itc? m i mtm^ vs -^rfeii fSm vs icnm ifim fiw Scutci
<>tfQT5
tmm i l l ?#men i
(1) fitflicn t"%i vs T?fim s tiitf t?fcn
tmen vs fiiirtf i m vs i m itc? V A I H
u t n
stmii fin '?tcci fnm itfi i it ?r^ ( i ' ) - n v s i f ff m i itcei
fii^f?
mfif? mtmfH i
fci fmfiici?ci fntci? f?tm^ fiim i t , tirci?ci fim CI, cmvs mumrn? Sn cmvs mmn cmm c j t i f
S m vflt m i f f ?
ciitit fiim i t , iitm fimmm mfi (m)-n m f i ^

vflt
tmei? fim CI, CI uH; mtm? iH iffii

fiim fcmi It ?5f?ci n t ? t i i (m)-n nm ^s ifig
m I vflt m't,
cit mfi i *[ mfi vs iitmt

mtmi mm itfi itci i mfi (m) w i n fmfî-
(im fiiS) I i t f i i (m)
mfifei? ^ n iei, ? ? t tnten f f t f i l i t f n m i i

tmen tifci citici?ci f?mtci?f?tm35fi'^sm if?m
t H m
?si S^ itufH m f f a <tm m iHeei

mtci fmfiiii I t f i ( i - ) - n nm m t i i -sfica? i H
mtn I
I
crnici? 1^ mtfS ?5f?ci tmen nw m fim n t

I
tmen vs fiiutf i m vs i m itc? cwm
? T t n
mfi (m) vs mmtij fitfî? i t i i i ? #mt 'it?ii im? tntf mif?-tmfi vs fH-itff? mmen v s i f v s ^
fHmf iîm? m??if fli c?, Sm? ici mct? mf cmcn fli u I f i i m i i CI cicit fiwf ciei ieii ifimei cit
wc? fpici mtn ifim i t i n t 'sficam ma v i i n t c^fcn mfimf muen Sji mif?-mmtfi, mrm-?j?ii? vs
S ^
mf vs ifeiif f l l CI, S m icmi m v s m g t m t i cifim f^ it?tei, v f l n fi ifmmf ciiifcn^

m - m
tmen n n vs finrff i m vs i m itc? ?mm!3i wmmi muen iH mtft itm ifmemt fiwf fifiien
1 ^ if?mc? icnm ?5f?ci cm m ci, Sm i m vs m? muen m i vs cntcm ?t if? itmci, mum
lfl
IK? i?fii m?i mi-fimcn meiffii i i m vs t muen mifm-mitfi vs mtm-u?iten i H mtft

f l l
i m "mrfm, 'tmt, mmi-- cifsim ifH finei ^^mei meiei Sit ?i citei? t n r n iicn m i it?tci
I
I
f i m 'flt?<i if%îtff nfe citicn ifci c i i ifimci ('jfif? c?n ciei fme? t m i ivsttm ifSmci, Sm fin
CI, Sit ii-cifii m ^ nest mtn ifim i ? i fntcn fi??1 WtHm wu c i t ? s Arnold, The preaching of
meiffii imm c? ifimi fift ?limei Sm mu mm vs Islam, vilmf ' f # ! 1 ' fi?^vs g.) i
?ntife ieim men mfii iHitei fift ?fi?tei Sm mn wtf? if? fsm? ^ - f i s m tnten ims
mi vs mtici I tmen fiem^ fiH mH 'sif ff 'mt#m mn ijtei
tmen. n n vs fmnrtf i m vs i m itc? mcaiH ficiime? itfi iHmci 8 (i) m^sffen 'm#fm, ( i ) f i i -
sif ff m i vflt CI, tmei mf c m v s fien c3f m icn mf m mmi? 'm^fu vs m^ iifHi vs ffen (va)
vne^ftm mmH iei, n t tmei ic7i fifiiei mm vs fnem? I

m^ #?cn m?jei t?fei? mfif itn ?sf?e mteii
?sci?
tnten mvsfen 'm?fm ^ iwt, n^g iwt vs wutu
im ^mei I vnt it?eit cm m ci, f i m i ciiteit fimei mf? itsfii vs HHfi mfi 'm#fm-fiitiei f?f ifim
cmeit m m n m e i fiew? mci iHm itm fimei n t fimei viit?iei mvsfen 'mtiW-? lutci mfn? ma ^tc
I
mif?f5 ciei Sm fw ?n iHm ifimei i 'mtfiill,,tmf mtm? fH m ?tfi m'fm? ? fftei w? ifim n . ^^^m
ficiiîi, f f i i n t tmen wm mf^siHcifi itif?ii Suei fiew? cm? fiemfw im m m ici^ m itmei i
miten cm mwt vît c?, t u r n ('=ii<cn?c fmtm mmtm, m cm u citnei t m f mvsfen m
f f i m ? i t
nfw vs mfit mtm, muen fiis tmen cfm? m-fm iifiitm ?f? fiitnfci isttmci i f i i n I
t i m f fiitem
t.H.-^/^H
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Contents
t m r
ufti fu? l f l ftibttivo f ? umi m?mr-urrmm

tmm? srurm srstfus itu? f???ft srufi usj i
mg?iU5tc? t m iflftulm i f u fH^tfus mm? fsm-mtmn? f?fi- ^^c u n t u? 1 ? n t
Sims tmurm? im? ufiu? iû uffm? ?mr ?m u i tmrm?fffntffaici ffiftc mm fft ifnt cistt's U" ( 1 s bo) 1
miu f?^-mtfr?p "mrfu 'rnmn? mu?? (rnimfcn ff? mf?v3 ifieen o
cummm ur fcui, muif? Stiuwrn, mm ft, f U U t i V ' < i i i t j i T j - J i ^ . ^ V j \j:^^\j (Jik
vs ffim? cmmmuivs stmfus ifiun i muSf? Siimwci
'i'^vm stu ?msi tiff? fiimci iisli um ir^^s iu?
i^sfi m?m? miCTm mpn ifiun, Sun? i?t n tmmtn? "cmtifvs n t m ?m; fif mim's wn? iHs u"
imn imfio it?ticsimu cm nft f ^ vg stufi im i
muif? Sisfunrpi mt%rfff, 'jm?'fci iU? mfe n mm wtf tmen ifl ififs îfci iitu
cn m mnfii? iHufi ituci, c?i? iff? i f i Sm SiHS^ citmt?ft? ?i?ei Sitei un-iff? mft
ifibif^ f^?m mem? nt umf?i i f ^ ifitifi^ fiiiff msruftm utu Sm mtmm ma? i i i ifimrci 1 tmm
mem?Suen m?t fli tmff 'mi^tu-fimei? mfi vilifies mpci m?i iei (fmufm-fim^#ki) ^fie f i s f r
ififs it?i?t iHU I f t f uifii ^s fsmfii, c?5m umffw mni fiuei, mufici muei luift m n i ifie^ fieii
( f . mr^. i i o i %), Msms n? ( f . b f t o o f ) , u u n ( f . fi?n;i I m m t'mim
mtg. idoii %.), um Uicuur u? ( f . iirNso '5.) i f i tmft ^ ^ ^ f
'mt#tu-f?iic?? imn imfi ituen 1 iat?rei mft m?m LJI

i v b - v s '5.)-vs tmrcsm imn imfi itu mri" muew?
mtm?-mcmin mvstren mrfiuei i#i if??ten 1 "ml? >itin mtfi cmuenei n iuiff Suntci iffl
iHufi uite cmnt mm wtf? mu mr#tî itc m
tmm #?? mmfi n mu cii ?>f??tci Su nmtn
nt ?t^ cmuen wu mrfî itn" ( 1 s i s v s ) 1 ?f
^f^m, liuft, f t f ^ f < >Q m?itfmimf< urt 1 Sue
tmen S^ fi'Ûfci? mei itfti's m#iS? f : i ?
ifffi fi?u?ft vs mm-iff? uffmfci? if Hci?m
mtfi-fiffi? ifist 1S1 mu fiu ftffct 1S1 miten
imruuituci I
um #?n t m i uu atmufi ^ûei 1
. L^'j V l l l u l i < i i i ' 1<'. V
tu ffifi n, mfiHi W i tmim m icnfn iifi
"mm cim^ m u F P mm "ûm mff?^ cm ufif itiiic^ I cit n e ^ fii mtcimf i u ute itn 1 cm,
n? u" ( 1 ? i v v j j ) I mi-f?^ e?? ^fit mtu S^ ?*c?i? ?ff?, ?ifi, rni^-mufi, ?ftf, U H R 4 ituifii mmi,
ijm imrfi m 1 v i i t i c i s i l i mm wif? n n m t i u n tTtfi? cma i m 1
cicu^ finft I T O I ; m m n , t i m mf fnstn u f ^ vg
"cimuenifim! n cu?fr?i? i i m mm mun? nft? I C U fimi ftn ifiuei, um iei mun? fitfi?
m, f f i mtun? Si? c?t cum uutu WQ U " ( 1 ib-vjs) I C U Smm vs n n m fft ^ûei I 5 mut 1 C 1 , ntmuu
%
lilt mu^ S^ uêm mmm? mw 1 iimcn mft cilinriff mni ftn ific uu ituci 1
tmm mm n, m t Sue f^tfm u mtm? fi?? 's vfltmn Ufci? leu n i i ? * i f ? 4 Hen's i^s^, uifii
mtm? Hiimff mt?wt? ?mtt ?%rlei I Sue v q t i i cilms itif"fieui, mtii fim vs ci^ pfiu mficfn, tmn?
fim m ?tir ^gt^m-n mm S 3 ; fff? it?ei mu f f f f it?ic^ I cm ? 7 f ^ H 'mritu
. I'djiV ' ^ i - u i ' ^ ' ^ 1 <lji s ' ^ cmi m miu CI cm? ?ti itc S\| mm mcsf mm
"mm? fiu um Si? ffi u ^ p e i ' f f t ifiuci?" fill ntu, t m i vflt l l i fn? u nfiu nt m mici
(vso 8 v s o ) - n fimrft 1 mm c?cf ifimH tifH-rufn? funifft liitca ifti
SifiS^ it?ei tmm nft fi%mtff, liuft vs iifmtft ifiu mtmci I Sm I C I ?i irft? umi? wtfm^ n n
#??-?i?fr I Su mtf?ei mm # ? ? c i fiiei itew irutc # n mt m 1 nmf nt mn wtf? ieu"Q*n n
vnt Sir mr ffifei Sif ê Smn fiuei 1 Su Ufiei f?cn i m mr nt miU ite? n mf:i?u fit n-mum
mtm? fi'uifci? mr mm if f?m ^c mini itf?, 'Zifn vs mrtffn fii fiu fiwenci n i ficn nm
fiuei I vflt it?ci Sm mitci nfiei cm m^nftfi Uiu I t f f I U mc^ m ^ vg wi8ien miei m t u
l?uiiuff mmmm? #?? u n if?e fin? ifiuci, mm fimf^ I
fici cf[i muci mmf< vg fiifimf< #?? u n ? # c > 8 i t w f i t r umm i f i u?tsf-iiRf imfuc? U f f t vs -^v^
fini ifiuei I mm i ' ^ ?Hfcen 8 S? ^tf? mm U3 (f.) tmft muiitca? iHîH ^ m u
tmfi fiitem
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Contents
M R I A I l i l t t e a 'Ai^ " S ^ F ^ f e f f t t l i l t ct, W f S . ftCttfw f f ? T O C2t?tt<3 W t R - f ?Wt? Atc WtftttCA I W t f t t

S l ^ ^ C i t t t t J W t t = 1 l f ^ t A f k - ^ l t l ' ^ H f f f 'iHl'olCt 2tlM '{ftft, f t - ^ , ft?t?tft, t f R ^ , fR-f>|c1|fii, # t W f m
t t t i f t t i ' f f t t<3t t ^ t f r , ftctt c t t t t c s At? " w t f f T O f f t ? R f R ? f R t f R ? f R I t C t f?CttfW I W t R - f tWtC??
( A t ) <MR1(.1 w t f t f t t iilftCftCf A t ^ f c t ? filttA C ? t ? f^ f t f ^ T O CTOtt 8
Atc WTO?,t? ? t ^ wtft? ^ - W ? t ? f ?? #AC?? ttt?
A? I ? t | f f t T O t t w f t m t l?(Rtft w f t f t i J t Attt 4 w f t f |tfts i f t t f f f f t A R ? ftf CTttCt? WtT f f t f R t t C A - t , ( A i
A ? C t , tAt?t .ftCt tt fttAf f w t ? t ? tftAC
at^t?ft AS>) I Wt?'3 l i t R c t ? A ^ W t t t t l t t l C A (g. i 8 8 V5A, ;8 *
wttft tt1? ? M t f ? t f f C t ? I t t ? tttf? W t R - f A f f t
f ? t
8 i A , i tTift) 1 w t r f t c f WtatA ^fwtRT f t f r o c t t c f Rcmt?
W t R - t t t t ' * f f t r t f W S t f w f t R h J l f t H ?r|f t f f t f R t
f t Afrotc?? 8 ' t j ^ l V i ^ I ' j "wt? citttt A t e f f t w f t ,
"wtftttct?, f t c t t t t t t t i t r f (?)-? ftft ^ c ^rtf (v5 8 i O S > ) I lattiCt W?T3I tfttlCA-H 8
a f A t f f t t t C ? ? 1 ScfftT C t , ^ ? t | f t f s t t t t ? t | f t Wftfttjt
^1
5?sf f ? f M R t f R t l t ? = 1 I
i ^ - f t ^ , FSM tC??tt? Ct^'S f?WtR Rt#t Rttt?t
"CtR?lt GS^ Stt, R t t ? Wtf? W t l ClRtCt? W t f w T ^
2 ( t ? fwtt fRtlcA I f f c t ? wM sttiRft? S t tat fiR ct,

Attic?" ( 8 i i o ) 1 WtatAt'wtRt StRS?? git S ' f t t ? t t ?
WtTttT C T O t t TOt s t f s t C t ^ W ^ l - ^ R A T f T t f t W C A ? W?T
tAt?t f f t R ^ f B ^ , t C ? t t t ' S Tgf%f1%f t f C R t ^ WtCRlRC?
fffRRCt? Stft tAtCt? R t t T C R f f t t t f ? Stft WTATO
C?f ftttflC^TR I t t l T O W t R - f ?WtC? ^ o t P t^RA^t, t C t t t t ^
a t t t C t l b - t t fftAt? St? tt1? f ? t A t t l C A I i f l t t i C t SAt wt?tt?tcwR I f t f r o t t w f t c lilt fftn? siic? S^ f f s f ? RtC?

? t ^ t t C t ' i t ' t 'S t f t t t - f ? f t W C ? t W t C R l R ? atCBttCf S # f ?
S f C 5 t t ? f p t f f t ? t f ? C R ? TO? ? t t C ? trWST WtfR^ S T O
fftttC?, SAttt ff%C Wte Rs3|l W ? t R t ? 5 f ? ? f t C A I
S^ ftttc? '2,t? 'S R C b t ? f t ? T C ? I
W T g f t f t f f ' S t t R t e t ? Sttft 1 t R R t R stte? f t f t f c ? ?
W t l t A W l R ^ f t W t C ? ? t A t A WtArRfA A t f R t f ? 1 ? f c f
t t C t t - t ^3 SAtCt? Atc S t C t t a t A t f R t I t C? W t C t t fiittCAH, t t f t w t R f ^ TO 1 S c a t T c?, f f tfc?? f< ste^tt ffcttfw
ftfRRtt SAt t t ^ f f t ? t t t t t J C ? t ? t f f A t i r t A ftf5 s t t f f f f f ? R f ? f ? R R ? T t 'S f o R f ? R T O f f t f f t r o f t e W 1
fWt? S \ ? ? t l t ? t C l R I W t R - f ? W t C ? ? At?1f?tC? 2 f f j ? 2tfft
t t R T t Wfjt S t t R f C t ? f^f?te?t WRTtt S t R t t f C t 1 iXI?Tft
? f W t l t A ? l i l C f f f t W i t t ? t f ? t * f ? 1 WtatA t''5(r=t A C R ? S C t t t ^ 'S C t f A i t f ? f f t t W f T O TOtT TO? W f f t t c ? ?

off ff / ^
Rft R f ^ ftTO t t R l R SAlt's stfTO ?5et lit?? Sro fttfe
T i f ? e f f s v3 A 1 ^ RtCtt Rft R ^ f f f t t ct? I tr^
R T f f t f C S f t c f (Descartes) f f f W f f o a t f t f t f R ? t ? T 3 R f
f?ro-tArf, RtAt ^^C W t ^ tf? f f t Attic? ?fR?t fft
"C? ft tAt?t ScB? a l f t t f l t ? t Ctct Rt fftC? SAtCf ^ f t t t C f , WtR-t1?tf (?) f f f St^tf? S t t t f t f R l t t T O - ' f l t t
fft f t t 4tttCA-? TO?.WtftCt?ftCf, fftCASAtCf S c * ^ ^ t ?
stfttRft Riat 1 i s t t i c t tttiRt (Leibnitz) f f f st^tft ft'?
f t t AtttCA ?TO?t?RtRt? f t C f , fftCA S A t C t t C f ^ t ? f ? t
t t t t f T O (Monadology) f f R R R t f f t f t f t f t W t f W t f t A t
AtttCA? >iIA?fCt?f?Cf,ffteASAtCfRRR f t t AtttC??"
( 3 _ j j j _ i i l ) f f f s t ^ t f ? R ? 1 C ? ? R f A R t t R T f R I iJ^Tft
( Vb- 8 i 1 - A o ) I ^ W 1 t t t f C A Ct f f c t t t ^ ?f?t tArf
W?Tt?I w c ? f ft?T W t # f t r ^ Rf?'a S r o f?fS tTO
ftft ^ A t C A , SAt TOt WtRAt tttffAtn? ^^tC?? R l C t R?Ct
[c?t? f t ^ (Kant)-ifl[? Rbltftf f f t r o ] t t R t f R f ? Sro
tttct? ftctt ftctt Mftj tct? Rt f f t I ? f t A t
f?ff^ R T O A M sttf? ^ A T C ? r f t f R t tfAtR-RfRf?t tft
fiR tfStf?f 'S t i t < f t SifRttct? Stftftf t t C t ^ t I
t l R i j ? W?e5? RC? W?f| ftttrtf? W t C R t ^ sTfS ^ A t C ? ?
^5rtf
W t R - f ?WtC? C?t f f f Sttft? Wtf? tfAtCR? f t C f fft W t f t t

TO? f t f R R t T f f t f tAt ftt t ? ^ f?wr? f f A t f W t C T O t t
f ? t AtSiCA I C t t t , f l A ? W t f t , 'Wttt 'S ? 1 f R W t f t , ?lRR->iI?
fRtte?? I f l A t C T ? f&mtM *[ t C A t f t ^ ^ ?CA, A t l tf?
Wff?rft, W t R - W t ? f t - T O W f t ? t f t , f t t t ' W t f t 'S fC? w t f t I
S A I ? f C R WtttCtt R f C t tftAltRlJt, f^f?tJt 'S
Rttltf t t R t ' 3 S f - ( ) ? w t t ^ s i S f f S R w t T t ? R?e?tfw
f R t t c ? I l i i t t i e t A t w f f t , R R t w f f t ' s c f t A f w t e ? ftfat
fCttRttCa?
TO S?ra= ? t ? t f f t t r ? I >it t f t c ? c f t R R C R A R t Ct, f f f r o t t

tfftft ( c t t ? wiR-fttrf's tf? t t f f ^ ) - T O t e t t t t ' s
SiS; ftAARfCA f t t t l f Cf f ? t c t ? R ^ IhttCAt I . t ^ t t h t f A , R t t W <3 t ^ - f f S a t ? ft??f f W t t t ? t C f f t f f W l f t t f t
A t f R f t f t t (R)-iil? A t f CAt'S tAt? tffJS # ? f t ? W t C R t ^ c?TOttfftt ff?tf?CR?, tAf ê Sg? ^ cf]?tttt
'S t t t C R t ^ S t R C t = # ? R ^ f ? ? M t , f R # f ? t T t , i^t-tbR f??TC?? I R R t W 'S ? ^ R t f f f ^ f & 3 t t MTO?RA t t R t f
R t f f RC?tff^t?, f C t t R t t W tfAtRttW S ^ f t Rt f R t i C A I TwtCW? t t t f t f T t t M ? J T ? t T O t T , t ^ , 'TTsiT, f&^sT <3
f ? t - 2 t f f C f ftCW R t t t t T O TOl S A t C f Rt?? Wtf? C R T O f t e t C f t ^ f ? T iI?? Wttc?? s t f t 4^ St?fc?? A t ^ 1
t t R t f ftttCft?
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Contents
ftn iflmi W T t m sftn wfifii mw ^ r s v a

I w t i - t i m f SfHm-rn'm, imt. wnm f i t m itfi?,
uwSifn va I t i t f w i wfi-mojtm f i ^ Atmci v f l t m I Itmm i v a 8 f t ft.; (ft) v^ cm,-m-fiiif fi*i-fiitfi vsm*i-
i w 5 t T ? t m mCT,fntit uf^ mfim, m mfim va wtivsm' mm-fiiti, it?em iS)îr (b) tf? ? ^ ,
mscaiCTmtmn wn m miim, Sm tme t n t m fimtf*i-fsrtfii, mem >>O<M ft.; ( i ) t n fmm, wti-
i r n i ^ I t ttmi^ atm ifam fn i Sitnt^t m m, icm tmm nfi-Hmm, mem is.o8 (v) tn'^-mtfiti, miff
(Rousseau)-vfl?f mitfwi i m i mitriiti fff wtifi'1-fims, mfiii i v a b - i / i S ) v i i i ; ( S ) ) cm, m i t f i -
V&
f#rstm fiitm mntm mt mn mttit cn, itm ff% f v s m f i * ^ , m?em; ( i o ) t n m^?, fiitgrn-'mm; ( i i )
will vs mnwm mmfii nf i v i i t afic^ m wtm wt^m-itm wfi-wtfrnf, wH-tmm 'wtm SfH'l-fimm,
wm mcrns v f l l . m. m i f s Historical Role of Islam mntm (iff%mm); ( i i ) v^ cin, rnititf * i - t n f f i ^ ,
vs fi=c^lift11C1 lf5 Studies in a Dying Culture it?em; ( i v a ) w t f i t f m (?), m-fif im-mim (fut "wtf
im m 1 m*[fii ittm ciâva tmen m-nff mun), fin is>ftft f; ( i 8 ) mf 'Smn m -

atm iR=ifim I. mfii t n itm, m - m v s m i , mem ivaftva H.; ( i < ? ) mf
c m v s wtfm m^fti-mitfi va fi%-i?,ff W I T c m v a m'm w t i - i t m f , w T i - w t i m f ' i - f i t f i ? T t , .imt, f i t m
wtfi mi^-tmi fft-iiff itcCTarm i i i i c ? , I t f i i m-itf, fin isvab- f; (ib) w t f f g i , fimm-itrnw,
Sit ^ atitc? ^c mi s (i) ^ va m f i atm f i m , Itmmi S ) f t i [ . ; ( i i ) m m t n I'wi (?), w t i - f i m
mmci fifin fsmmm mrn-amtcn mmci vflit ( 1 ? ? f i m t i f s s m i - f n t i f . imt. m ' m 'm?g'?-mm
( 1 ) m^ mi*f va 1 1 i^rf? m n i va wgim:n mmci i v f l t m-m^ m-m'mf); ( i b - ) m-fif, wti-wtfi'S'i--itCti';
f i i fim fiemt ifici cut mCT,lufciCT'sift f i ^ - ( i t s ) wfi-vs>i<wif, wt-m'fit, fin i v a ^ i tt.; ( i o ) ^?f
it#iim (Chivalry) I t c i iHfs fn mftt m mm f m m ? i t i , m'ff-mit^fi'i-tiitf, it?c?f; ( i i )
^ i n r m m va gm atiti, ficil f?n:wi ntficmn m - w t i i t i ' , m ' l t f ' i - f ? m , mimm i v a i b - ft.; ( i i )
mic? mfi i f fncn i t f i va figmf< mmiSm t ? ? f f i Itm, m - f ^ ' i t n t f i m , mem; ( i v a ) m -
I t m
' m m lfl'fm wic? cmciit?t i i fn i ?m f : i mf, t f n t i t f fimfi'l-fiftf? vsm'i-fififi, fin i s ^ a b -

mimCTijtci itmm i!! i t c i mft if?m i t f i ns, '^.; ( 1 8 ) ^ cin,mirfi:*i-itn ( m - m i f i i - i t f ? ) ;
fmtci c?cm f : n il?csCTijm f f S itîlci, Sm atficiJ (^ft) m-mfi?, m-fimit; ( l i s ) m-Hfwitf, tif?5
^^f1 va mtfif?!s? f i i fimt t m f mifi-mitfcn i t f f i ' i - f ? m ; ( 1 1 ) m'^ m-mitf, m-tntf ^ " i -
tilt I t f I i t B ^ itmm ifs 'flt fiic? fiinci if?m, I t f i i i iibi8 '^.; ( I b r ) I t f m i f f ? , m - i t m f ' i - ' w t i f
meimt ifimen i t m f imn m*(fii itmm w m v s m * i - t n f i , mem; (^s>) w i i - i f f ' f , m - f v s m i t i t f f
attfi it? I? finei v f l n m mffm im m m i Sffi'i-itf'wts, m?cm; (vao) f f i ^ wti'-itfii, w t f -
t m f tift?-mitfi cltft itct fi^wfi va mâwtfn f f ' f ' l - t n t f i l t , t??i i W '^.; ( v a i ) 'Wt??t1 I f i f f f w t i -
1 1 itm mrnatiti i c ? i Sm Hfit c m v a itncitf, wm ' r n n t i , itittfi-tiifi m wtirfi, mem; ( v a i )
fifit cm flea? icm fit?w itci mt i n i f i f imm 'wt?g'i-'wif? "wtfi?, mi?tfi itsH it^'1-Simf fi*i-
Sm mm atmfi itîtci vfl?s Sm i m artm-imj lig tnti, tni iS)vi5i ^ . va i s > i j ^ ^ . ; (vava) ' m ? f i - i t f i ? m -
f i f i i f S ?ftmei t i m m f ^ weifi mmtnm, wtim, miiff, m - m ? f mm*i-fim, it?em i s > i o ^ . ; ( v a 8 )
I
fi?it-f?cn, fism? va lemnifim itc mntwci mwtiHi, 'm?5*i-v8mim mti, m-fimitf i-mtmt, mem; ( v a f t )
wlt?fi, i f ? va tifi Ss,fi itc f^ if??tei Sm 'wtf 'm?f*?-?t?m, m-tntf m Sifm-ifi, f i n ;
I
I C I i m wtf? fBmmm f? iten in? it?ticmmtm ( v a i j ) ' w t f fitm m-it?tf, m'ff'i-fimfi-'i-tmfimt,

iWus itfimciCT,itff? f m Sitm-Sii?en wfim mem i S ) 8 b - ^ . ; ( v a i ) m-itmf, tim' 'Sffi'i-fi, m?cm
wwtn wm w l vfl?sft f i i t i l i c ^ i tnti iicma iva8vi5 ft.; (vab-) f m itm, m-iff'i-fva?tfi?jif'i-'wtm,
vflt -flt
if^ ii-fieiim icm f^ va ffiifg^ iii #?i?j?ft fifit I t f i i i is>fts> f.; ( v a j s ) w t i - f ? f f , wti-wtfi'S f i -
if?m fimei i wn, tif m nCT,tnten wtem va W f 1 1 t f i * 1 - f ? m , fn? iS)'aS> ^ . ; ( 8 o ) wti-itfotmf,
wtim wfevs c?t?ii mn irmci imfi ifimei, tiitf'i-itf, i i ; ( 8 i ) w t i - m ? t g f , w t i - w t i m f i -
fimev8 gii iHe? i f i i f i ? j t , fin ivaft f t o
( i ) m-wtfif, timf"i-im f Sff i * i - m m , fin i S ) i 8 ^.; (8va) i& cin, wt-mifff*i-twfm'tfj fi*i-tmi,
%; ( 1 ) t n wtf?, wtli'S'n-mm (i*pf <''-imf); (vo) m?em i v a b - 8 / i s > 8 ; ( 8 8 ) f i t m ? t f i f ? i t ' , m - t m i t f
t n Itwt? m-'wtniitf, ifi'*i-mf, ii.; ( s ) t n Wf, vam'i-fmitf'i-'S^m, itrnrnt; ( 8ft)f i t m fi'm'S'i-fi
tmf fiitem
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Contents
w r t t w r i t
1-; (^'l) f A T t t t Tf?T?, tftRT-t t R R t ? Wf'S? R t f f t

(8b) ^ c a t f , w l R - R t w I w t f ' R - f t r m P r a r f f "R - t t R l f t r m , Wtf^3?tR, C3?TR iO<tb ft.; ( A V ) ^ T t t t f t f t t RTftft,
mm ihbo t-; ( 8 H ) f w t m w m - ? i f f , Î^'R-'WRR; (SV) R t < t f 1 - t t R R t R , RtCAt? ihdb %; (AS>) t t W A t f ' t - f ?
ftif^, t t R t t Ct AtttAtll-t-f?R?t?-RtCAt? iSsftS t-; (o)
t-; (8h) C t t f ,TO^f P j f t ' R - W t A ^ G t t f t t - t t t f R T I I t , R t f t t f ; >^ C R t f , t t R t t f t R f W t f R t w l t t l t , RtCAt? iS.fti f ; ( v S i ) ^
(fto) ^ C t t f , W m - T O ' ^ TORfR-Mft 'SAt'R-fPff, R t f t t f C R t f , t R R t R f t Rtwf??Tt-t W t t R t f , RtCAt? iS>fti % ; ( A )
i v V i S > ' b A ; (di) fRT, WtAflf'R-WtA-'STItftt- RtAlfW? W t A R t t f R t f , f ? - t f t f t T R , RtCAt? iS-SV f ; ( o )
RTtfRRrtS, mm; ( f t A ) t T A 'SillRlâlA, Asi!fsllR'R-AtfRtl5, ^ C R t f '3 'S-Rfst R t f f ? A t f t , t t R t f t t f t t l f f t i l , f A t f t
M ? i 8 i ft.; ( f t o ) -GTlTAAts W T t - f A t l f , W T ? T f " R - A l A f A iS.8t % ; ( 8 ) R t f t ? WtARtt, W l R - ' ^ ^ - - G A f R - f t A t t f I (oft)
ft'R-ftfft'R-tttif, R T s P ' R - f t f A , R i f t t f iSi^bA %; (<t8) R t f t T t ATA'tt t t t t f t , t R R t R f t t A f ' f f t W T t , f t t f i>>b8
ATÂf I f ? WtAtA, fttf "R-TOTsf, R t T . " WtART^ f A N R R t f t ? , 1.1
fmTRTi8Hft. 1 te.'Ct^ WRTtRT tRtA Af& a f f T t f t 8 ( i ) Khalifa
S f S ( i ) Wtf'R-Wf'Rf R T f f , t R R T A ft- ftwtR-t ^1^1, Abdul Hakim, Islam and Communism, RtCAt? iSs^bA
RtCAtA i i s f t o % ; ( A ) CRtf, i R R T f ^ T p ^ ^ " 3 ^ ^ t C f %.; ( A ) i^ C R t f , Islamic Ideology, RtCAtt iS>fto %; (o)
S f R 'SRt R t A t f , RtCAtA ihbo t.; () CRtf, TffRt, Abdur Rahim, The principles of Muhammadan
RtCATt i v S f t J s . f t . ; ( 8 ) ^ ' R - f l R T s f WIAtR, t t R t t t WT5t|ft?m, Jurisprudence, RtCAt? iS-ftb- f . ; ( 8 ) Abu'l-A'la
=1ICAlt iJsft^} t-; (*) t A R l ^ p t A 'Wttttft WTg'R-ftR'R f ^ l A l R , Maududi, Towards Understanding Islam, RtCAt?
IR^, C t t t t t A i ^ o A %; (b) W t R R I t ' W t f t t ; ^ , R t ftf- ihbo t.; (ft) C.C. Adams, Islam and Modernism
t R R t A , RtCAt? i f t o ft.; ( a ) t f t 1=1, t t f t R - t W t f f t - t in Egypt, W f ^ f C f t f iS>oo f . ; (b) N. P. Aghnides,
tRtfttn^-t ttRtfAATt, W f . R t f t T R R t f t ? ftAtft, RtCAtt i t f t V Mohammedan Theories of Finance, RtCAt? iJi"JJi % ;
f , ; ( V ) , ? t R t % t t t f t t f t , A ' f f "^-tRRlR, W f . ' S A t ^ R - f t A (<\) Syed Ameer Ali, Islam, R T O itot >{.; ( V ) >^
R t f t t , f t t f t iS><J3A %; (S>) t , l f t A U R R W t R - W t ? R l f t , t R R t R C R t f , Personal Law of Mohamimedans, R ^ . i v v o
f t t f w t R - t ^ f R T , f t f t ihdb t-; ( i o ) ftf^'A-AtA-RlR f ; (s>) >^ c a t f , The Spirit of Islam, R S ? iS.AA % ;
ffAlt^t^, t t t t t f t t f f t t l f t f t W i R , f ^ , i S > 8 A %; ( i b ) (io) Tor Andrae, Mohammad. The Man and his
Atttt? ttRt? ft-##t, tt1tt f t Rt'WtffAtft f ? W l ? , RtCAt? Faith. R T O iSio^b 1.; ( i i ) A. J. Arberry, Revelation
iS>8t f ; ( i A ) A t t R W t A R t t W f f t f t , t t R t t Wt'S? A f S t t t t f t , and Reason in Islam, R T O iS>ft<l f . ; ( i A ) T. W.
tICAlt iSiftft f ; ( i o ) RtftTt t t f t fttt, WtR-'3?tAf*^-fATRtft, Arnold, The Preaching of Islam, R T O iS>io %; (io)
Wf. A t f t W t A t t t WtAttt,, RtCAI? ihbo f ; NS?tA-t f A T t t f t , Arnold's Guillaume, The Legacy of Islam. W f ? C f t 5
W f . 'Wt?5'?-?tÂtf t t f t A t ? t f t ; ( i 8 ) R t t t W t A t t t , W t ? - f t f f itoi %; ( i 8 ) T. Burckhardt, An Introduction to
ft'R-ttRtt, f t f t iJs^bi f ; ( i f t ) RtftTt f f R , WT^l-'WtttRT^'R- Sufi Doctrine, RtCAt? itftt %; ( i f t ) N. Daniel, Islam,
twffttttlTf ft'R-ttRtt, Wf. RtWtfWA tR^t#t, t t R t t , f t Europe and Empire, .itfS??ff is.^b^b %; (ib) M. Fazil
f t S f l R - t ' W t t R , RfCAtt itii)>0 f ; (ib) t t f t t 'wTtf'R-'Wtftt, Jamali, Letters on Islam, R T O ihbd %; ( i t ) M. M.
W T R - t t R t t f t f R - f w ? t , W f . t f f t t t ? WtA'ttt, f t t f t iSi Pickthal, Islamic Culture, ^tCAt?; ( i v ) F. W. Fervan,
ft.; ( i t ) f f ? f t f t t f ^ R t f t T t f R t t t t R R t t t f t , f t t t f ' R - R t f , Moslems on the March, R T O iS>ftft %; (iS.) A. A. A.
i t . b-^., W f W l R t f ; ( i V ) ' W R f ' R - A t ^ A t W t f , ' W t f t t ^ ' R - Fyzee, A Modem Approach to Islam. C ? t ^ iSiô
t t R l R , Ct'S?TR i A t s A ft.; ( i S > ) t t f t f T ' ^ T O f ' R - A t f t t , t t R t t f ; (Ao) C R t f , Outlines of Muhammadan Law,
f T ?twf??TT-t Attt, W f . f f ' R - f ? W t A t t t , RttAt? iS>ftH W W t f iS>ftft %; ( A i ) H. A. R. Gibb, Modem Trends
% ; ( A o ) 'WTtf'R-RlRTt R t t t f t , ^ f f t t t ^ - t t t R t t , f t f t iS>>J3i in Islam, f^ftctt iS>8t f . ; tÂ) CRtf,
%.; ( A i ) ' W R f ' R - R t f t f , t t R t t C t f'WTtlAT f t ^TRt'sSt, Mohammadanism, R T O i t 8 i f ; ( A O ) I. Goldziher,
Wf. f R f t R - f ? ft-if^t, A t t t A t t t f T , Rtft^tt!; ( A A ) ' W t ? f ' R - Mohammadanische Studien, Halle 1890 A. D.;
>3AtAAtA i g | f , t t R t t f t f ? W t R - t At?1, RtCAt? iS>ftti> % ; t l C f f W f . S. M. Stem. Muslim Studies, R 5 ? iî>^ba
( A ) t S R t t R t R f ? ? t f R , t t R t t C f R f W t f tR'GS?t, % ; ( A 8 ) G. E. Von Gmnehaum, Islam. R ^ iS>^bi
Atttttttt it8ft f ; (A8) t t f t 'Sttwf, t t R t t C f 'WtRttft f . ; ( A f t ) Henri Masse, Islam, t f t t iJs'b^b %; (^b)
SfR, W f . W t A t t t AtRtR R t f l f t , RlTAt? i t 8 V f ; ( A f t ) Philip K. Hitti, Islam and the W e s t , f ? t t f its'bA % ;
f A t R t t T#t w r f f , t t R t t f T ? T t t t ? w i ? , f t f t iSiftft t.;

( A t ) Hossein Nasr (Seyyed), leala and Realities
(A"J3) f ^ t t t t A l f f ' ? - ? t A t t ? , - ^ f f t t t ^ - t t t R t t , C ? ? t R i J s A b - of Islam, R ^ iS><J3'b % ; ( A V ) ^ c a t f , Islamic Studies,

ffttCft?
ttRtf
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Contents
t m
iS)<b(? 'Sf.; Hughes, Dictionary of Islam,

(^5i>) Itl^cm iii>db %; (bi) J. Schacht, An Introduction
m m iJ<Jsft ''I.; ( o ) T. A. Klein. The Religion of to Islamic Law, m ^ W t i^b8 (bi) ^ c m . The
Islam. 1 ^ iS)oic<p1
Believes and Institutions, 1 îS)CtJ 'sf.; R. iS)ft^ (bo) Shushtarl, Outlines of Islamic
Levy, An Introduction to the Sociology of Islam, Culrure, I t e m itibb (bS) R. B. Smith,
mm -^.i (oo) ^ c m . The Social Structure of Mohammed and Mohammedanism, i m ibr<i8 }.;
Islam. ClQw iS)<b^ (08) Lin Chai Lien. The (bd) Tara Chand, Influence of Islam on Indian
Arabian Prophet, m i t t %; (oa) D. B. Culture, mmti iJivbo %\ (bb) Murray Titus, Islam
Macdonald, Development of Muslim Theology, in India and Pakistan, wwit is,<bi (bH) J. S.
im iS)ovD (Ob) S. Mahmasani, The Philosophy Trinlngham, A History of Islam in West Africa,
of Jurisprudence in Islam, 1 ^ iJ^vb^ (OH) i m ii!>bd %; (b\r) ^ cm, Islam in East Africa,
Mahmud Ahmad, Eonomles of Islam, m m i5^8 m , ; (bis,) A. S. Tritton, Islam, 1 ^ iS)<b>) c m . Islamic Ideology and its Impact %; (Hi) E. R. J. Verhoeven Islam, Its Origin and
on our Times, H t f t iJs'b'i % (80) Majid Khaddurl, Spread, fitn iS>v!3:^ (Hi) W. M. Watt, Free Will
War and Peace in the Law of Islam, mfwiRlt iJib^ and Predestination in Early Islam, 11 iJ8br
( 8 i ) Majid Khaddurl H. J. Liebsy, Law in (HO) ^ c m . Islamic Philosophy and Theology,

the Middle East, it. Origins and Development of litcmff iisîict If.; (H8) A. J. Wensinck, The Muslim
Islamic Law. iêc >{.,
vsirtfistl D.
( 8 I ) Creed,
S. C^PW i^vsc^ f; (Hd) Yusuf al-Daghawl, Islam,
Margoliouth, T e Early Development of The Ideal Religion, item iSi(?8 %; (Hb) F. de Zayas,
Mohammedanism, f i t n 1 ^ i ^ i 8 (80) The Law and Philosophy of Zakat, itfin i^-Jjo 1
Mazhcirud Din Siddiqi, Islam and Theocracy, 11 mriti fif^ fc?t%r mti tmen fiH^ fii mm ifS
iS)<bv5 (88) M. V. Merchant, ABook of Quranic lenUfll stmtlftl wu cifi s Pearson Index
Laws, m m iJi-Jjo '^l.; (Sd) Motamar al-Alam al- Islamlcus, ciQw iJsftir ^.; tmti f i m citua citua 2tf
Islam, Some Economic Aspects of Islam, m f f ficnmn I lit m i t utci m t ^ u i m m m i u

iSto8 f;
(8^53) Muhammad All, The Religion of Islam, sie?ftwi I
mm iJ8ft ^r, (BH) Muhammad Asad, Islam at (.ilt finft T5. mt t i m titft i f i m 1 wutn
the Cross Roads, m m ii<?<? %; (8V) ^ c m , The mit'S'1-fti fifi^ l f l Sit mitfw >a u. I t . t. mtm
Road to Mecca, iJft8
1 ^ Muhammad
(8S)) tfin l f l mtfi 1 nuf mitu ' s m ^^, itfui
Hamldullah, Muslim Conduct of State, m m iJft8 gumit i m i I t f i i , msitu fitm i t f i uuft, uutn
(do) Muhammad Iqbal, The Reconstruction m f i m m m, . wifsi liii. tii. m m , itfui ufi
of Religious Thought in Islam, i m i J 8 (di) m, c^*if ufti m m m m ti'm^pti m nfne?f
Muhammad Nur Nabl, Development of Muslim I f f < tmi" atm ifiuen) 1
Religious Thought in India, Wl#U5 i^<b;t (di) u. u. t. (t. fi. imtm i ^ m i '#itfw)/5. mmn
R. A. Nicholson, Studies in Islamic Mysticism, n
c^#st i^cî (do) O'leary, Arabic Thought and u ^ ltd fH% fiH^ ciei t i m fi ifimci i m -a
Its Place in History, m iS)^^ (d8) John J. i m 11 iHuei, iiutif|i fim mte? tif .iit fiie^
Poole, Studies in Mohammedanism, i m ibrS)Ct I'Ht i m cett I U ûci 1 tmei? i f ? 'mitu fiiti,
(dd) S. Lane Poole, Studies in a Mosque, i m l f i - m i t i fif?-fiueii fiii fim, tmen i f i
ib-br^^ }.; (db) Raflud Din, The Manifesto of Islam, fif fîfci? rsmfiiten tfiti wtfim wu 'mm', 'ntm'
m f t ; (dH) R. Roberts, The Social Laws of the tTtfi fieuuen f i m f i itfitt iimfi uis i u Sf?: 1
Quran, 1 ^ i^c^ft (d\r) J . Robson, An n i ' j f i % fiimen cmt Itut newi CI fifg l i mfitfii
Introduction to the Science of Traditon, i m il^do Hm i i H i u it?ics8 Sitcn icu leit lUii cm m 1
%; (d>>) E. I. J. Rosenthal, Political Thought in S^ I t U f fif^ i m n i iuw emit itc gt i ma
Medieval Islam, ii<?b- '^.; (ô) E. A. Salem,
c i t w
cmft ifiu if=f itmci 1 Hf ifH i t m icmt sm mif%
Political Theory and Institution of the Khawaij, T t m ntfii mitm fiH mmei 1 m i uen cii mei,
t n r f fiitem
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Contents
t m
cntw isui
v[>iPivi m m icn, Hf mw 1 % i n s uftn fim fifs f i f i i nci.cit m n e n wfimf? wti
<f% HHc c i c n mfItHi wntut HiHcn Scsfci cntn f t u n m s iw i c i t f ? w t m n m t i ific u c i , muen
mm>iif im mt lit I mt cit m n m fiHi w i t m mSi 1 f n , mu H-fei? C 5 f i i m s im 1 ? mt I
I t u t
m s i dims H=n iHiifru Hmmi mt i n m n c i vflfim nt m c i i ^ f ? wififci? itiuf? f i i ,

timi HiH itmci. Hen cit m ncit ^ mjHmH Suen I U ê I Q H n e n wntut? i f ^ ifiituii
i i i i I I C I 'mncn miHi itut mitt I'Ht im m w n T c n fiit ?ftuei i? Snunei fif^ u n
itivfei i
cn, S u H n wfmi Hf%i mt mrr fi^ itn m i 'mn wfitf cinen itut? Hm w3^ i i m iH f i f i ? ? ;
fHi n m m i fimficn mimfi Hi, cit m wiscn im I i s - i i % ifimfi wmsuf? fum fmfii
i t
s|iHi w n t i J t mfti iHitincn Sn mmtH tin im Siiuncn licut w n t u r n f ^ n citH W i i e ^ icu

mi I c m i f l c n ^s nHfl Perlm, Sokotra tJtH ftcn fiHi w n t u r f i i i ? cmH cnf^ it^Hi uwt? i
w n t i T t it?ft^ Itmi n t itimn ftcn wntur nmt fiun^ m [ c i i fircn n issvjjvij f^re^ wnusuf frf?i
i r w i ? I Hf 'mn ffii mfti wtfujcn w n t m ftm, mumncutwntutfii 8s>,brvi),b-o,ooo Ii]cu i i % w ?
cm I t w i , iturmu^ tJtH wi^cn wntur Zwemer-n fiHi E . i.^ rv, 1 7 7 ] n t itfmstcn ( U t i t n i i i ) ncut
l I U l C if^f n ; vs Haritmann-n 1fl|itC Iifei w n t u t f l l io,(to,88,ooo I ?ieU \rb% m f i f i i I (v&)
n t n m wui mtci f u : ^ 'Siuff men ufi fn i? Sniinci f i f c n f i m f i f i i e n icu wntut ^[f%?

(cm fiwti ^ um. Siren wntut m itwt?) m ' s r f i i C I U m I iiioi f C i ? i i e ? s ? icu Snitncn
f i i ^ msm ff%i U f t m fii ici nmf menH
i cut w n t u r ? ^^f^ m n u n f n utfi^ uH i m t i ,
g t
sfHmicmu f i n vît n , n fi>aH 'mnen mufun 'mn' d U n f i f i i wntut? ^^f%? m ' f i i mt n f i i i ? i m t i i
mn mff, 'mnii cit f icai icu mn; itu uc^ m i i ? ? f I i e i muen itur i ? iifii i r i m t i ^ m i
^. f i i T f i
2 t n fieit mnii fiH^ n ^s citfe i m ^ c^ i m fifcn itur ^ m m i m t i fifii i
f i 5 ; ^m S ^ f i c i ftwis i f i e m?i m Smt ifiife

i w n t u r w f i i ? S^ m n fH utm vîlt ?m m
sFn f i f i f t , fifiu ^s mi-mfue titen n H men wfsrtnen t n t i i i i i t n I n v^tii S^ i t n fifiien
^ m I I t c i ? f i i n muîti ^ tufcn mmfii I t u r ^^f^ ^ i t ? i uu ? f i u m 1 ? n , fifiien
vflt
f^-fis}en fcui i i i iRm m m 'mnen H ^ w t i mitcn mtfwi ?n-nvs?tw f i f c n uufwi ?n-nvauew? f i m

un? ^ n n nen ifucs wif^ fimîimn u f i i Sn wn ic^ wfn5? iirai f i f i i ntew fim n n
i
c m ^ n H ftn m m??en S^ n i J i e n iHiH

i -flt wt??; it? Sn f n r ^ n s f n n iftif wrcmfi ?ti?ici
I? i
U f t ? n , mitm muen fifH itc n-îm^ ittu ie i muen ntew Hnt fim i U iisH ? f i ? t c i fifnii i
^. isi' u u f ? Rw?ifi, S^ mftci 11 mm n ,

vflt uit?i ?mr?i l l m u I n S ^ t?e, f i c i i uartn
'mnii u?uf?en fiit itc miten ?5c?iH uH Si? tnti jri ifnr fs i i " i i m f u m u m cm Utuei
ien n t inrf itftwj u n i t m u f i m ? if?u i ? i
(The Mohammedan World of Today, f. i l o - i S i S ) i
fifim wfimti uiêi, fim vs S ^ m%ii? a ^ 'm?f Wtm Wt? iitcw? 2W?îi ti?ta i i ? c i wni Hf ? < 3 f i f i i
tu i 5 f i ^tm finH lUei unm<ci iirfi m n ,
-iit
fnt? fif icsf fiHu fiuei ( g . fif f i ? w , <M iHcsn) i
vflt m nen wfiufen ?c^ ift 'm?f? ?c^ i t f i J t i ^ t m 'wtum l e u f i t ufiHrn im fium um
iftuf^ nt'm??eii ^^c cuft? uic?? iei m%m lUcici leg's fitm? t m i uf cn n f i m m? m if?e
'm??en ftw?e? n H wfim mmifus S^ um mva i f n m 1 i s > i i % cit cffci ^ f w i i ^ w n t u t ? icu ftHi
m - s uifii fiui nu f i m c i i ^ f i itu fiiffn i
fn mat ^ 1 % f ? t f i um (uûn cit n c i f i f i i w n t u r
' w i ? ? c n fiwum wTe?iH mu t? luuicn f^ fen
fSii um 1 ? i ^fîw?
itc^ci 11 1 ^ n e n cut
wti imf? i?jmi i % nen l e u ' w i n
w m
f i e i 5ei I
w n t u t ? itai I t imti) I
u n t H i i f f ? f f i i % c'fffiu m i -flt i m H ^ i t u i
Uie?fiu v3 n1|fi f ifc^ w n t m cmi f i ^ -s
'wm ftcn i i t ^ (Canton>vfl n U i i f ? i uiUf iHf< i f i i t m w t u m iiei ut n Zwemer i ^
'wt??cn n H i t i ? f i f 8? (temnfim f i f îi)-n lig
i
?fi w t f u f i i i f i i t U R fftHi mtc?fi?t Wnf^fl^

ifitu ie I muen n tiircn f?% im? t? f i i f c n . fifii w n t u t fn i? i ^ f u ^
vg
n i
Siiucum Siff? W13C1 w i f i ? i ?iH ftn m 14iuf
u m
^ l U t W l I i m ^ Hartmann i f i ? f ^ W l f U f i l
'mun? ? i c m fifii wnten wfimti wisei, f i c i i nt
i f i i t m fmHiSiff f i c n f i i n w n t u t Hi S m f ^ i i
m wuci cîci cfm m fn, cit m w ^ mfî
(is8i f iHuH w t m s u f t ? fim fmfii ^
ic^tt? fiu n H ftn m i fif c?t n i ' w i n Sifen
wi3cn
cut w n t u t f l l ii?te um m i nti?^

wft6Ffgi 1 ^
tntf f i m e m ?
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Contents
cut wntur fn gt cmft ni? ii= mtmHt mm i? i

fifn wftiJT fn (mum? cut wfiui? m f fu?f) i fufiw? I ?ieu fifii wntur fli mr mt n ) i
tnrn l U o SnUcn itc uum f t C t atm ? 5 U s W M fif cît mn ciei fcuf? iîfe iliufi i H i
mHt tfÛff uPtfwji lUmsci? S? .uc< ifitu 'i>ii4iuf^ ifimtum uu
f u, i n miu cit i n m
u?51 nutci>siuwuf? ffm?tmffifc?f#Rwi?ut ciei? wntUf mmfi ifimtum fi<e?? C 5 t t f i , ii cit

i i i o f t 'Sj. fn f? emit n ; c^tlSpt uu?
i i J M w? mm m ciei? wntur imfi ifiiturei? ?ulm mrn^s mfi^
i
%t? ^ emit H?(H<wt n= ^ uu? m c a t ^ 1? ?itite? mr i f m fiiufei? ufm fufiu

Itie?? if?i
f # i ? wniUT^s Su? ?ftUci I ?f^ ûei c?, S^ t?rei? cut wntur i i i i leim leu mraj ^ ii= m m
muci? f t % *i>i,>il?m uilîflch? tnr? iut? uc? vinnHcn ncitflif#m[ii*'!3o f iûfimgiuH?ftmf5tfii
S^ mtur m m ^ Um: ff^ u? Su? f?fffc i cit cmm wntUf fli gt cmfti^s (ifev^vb'(.,
u s u ? i,(i'\,\ri,ooo,
m m f ? ain i n ê fiiuftut mm fct f#mei?ei

f m i77)mfi^ iSmmtm?îmtitflififii] i
E. 1.^ rv.
j%m uuteci m cm<rr? art ?m? mTfn cumi miitfi^te?? fifii wntUf fli mfitfii ^fii ii= (imte?
H ?
u? f m cmr itcci I iiiovi)'[. ciue? tnm (?) cit cici?-citiitur mfUfii n cmft cisfli ^[?rPt
T r m f
m^ uu? *mlî? fsm fli (The Mohammedan World m iSmfim?îmtit^êeifnm) i u

of Today, % 1q) fUm fct fiiUf e,t?m il^ f?H^
i ff? ciei? fifiiei? itur file?? C5t\ ie?i liiiei
f m liiufrnttrui? c?,
?sc? ibô'(. -ê ifit u^ Umw
tuu Brooitihall ^s d'OUone ileU^ uf^ cit if
( ? ) ( j - o o isfi c=ii4'C<t> uutuei I nuf muu m? ciei? ffin wntut f?tfi

f m vifi um Uiu ? ^ ie?^ n
m o isfi flinci f s *tci? ari mtft fic nf itue^ ([slam in China, f. l i f t ) i cit cieU^ ?lf%=
(f. i., m , iirr)tcmciPtm

1 cut wntur im (OTn fifii wntur
? i m ie?i uaj ^ i ii= ifiu ?1mr
emit? {i'a'bii f io,<io,oo,ooo, mini (Recherches Sur les Musulmans Chinoi,f|. 8 0 0 ) 1

E.i.^ rv, 177)
Sm leu emit mtt^ mi= mtii

1? gt fiu^5?wi ( ^ i i * 8 b r f fiff? mtfUfii ftm' f t f i i m?[fii ffe??
u m
itcci f f i i w<r. cit.cmm cut wiitum mtm?^ imtit wntur f i ^ fi??ft fi?t ifiui f?emi m i ^
u ^ 1
(\rH% fiHi, E.r^, rv. 177) itcei fifii i ftei? cit mtift Chung iwamin Kow m f f t it, mtei
utiTte^ tnrn i lii^s cn c?f mtmr if ufie

m ien mei mm citem ttt f i , cirfmmi ft?,
S u ?itei
ueiut I ifeîtic?fiu^,iHftfifc?ift imu cmrfmm u^fiu, m ^ lemfiu ^ cmtfmm cmtfee?
ufim ?5t?ei iltutc? i i ? 9 f i e citciu

Svg?[tui S i f f ifi?fiut-vfl H^ ^tu fiuei n i fte?? cut wntUt ci^fli 1
tnm i l l ufimfci; fif cit ciei? cut wntur cmft c5ffS!i

f # t i e i ? i ? H ? < t um ?ieu fifii wntut f^
11= 1
msf?icm (?) mfiiiei i i * 8 S ) ^. i % t f i mfiusitf? imti mm gt cmft nfei

i ft? fica mt^mlt icii 1 ^ 1
ifiitum fiHi cift wntUf fli n cmft îmrfi ?fi?tei I fitfiut b i ? s f i t ieiii? Sm m^f^ i d
u t i T t e ^ 1
1 ^ mtmfi u m i S mleu mtur fn i?

f i f i i e i ? ftei? cut wntut ^fii cmft i ^ fifii wntut im 1 iieu
i ? f 3 j i uwm w m cum cut wntum o% fn fifii gt cmft) I ffe?? fifii wntii? SiHS^s; Hm ^ îfitii
u m utute^ cut wntur ttcci gt cmft mfi ii= i imfe i i ^ mf?^?îi fif^ ftm uue fifiiei? ItUf
SmieufatinmPtummm i i % iteei fifii gt cmft, fi cmft, 'sm fi mt cmft lis ?lu i u ititci
i
n mei fcuf?ii ufi 4 i m mufu

i s f i
tuei? H?ft mil ?[i?ici, Hf citi
ciei?
ICU fsm Iimf? d t i o
leu temffei? u u f mfif cut wntUf n mu iflt ftei? fifii wntur imH
muivafi?
CI, mu fif^
cmft mtm leim ICU ciefiiuuiwiflf

i f i m i ^
Sm if wntur
f # R
meim men n ci
5?#mum 1 1S1,
(i??f mifUfiu ifimtum ftfiu S^ muei? cut wntur ?itc? ftei? cifs wntut Sm fiHm wntUtnge??
fll gt cmft 1 ^ n ; fan ?ieu u m i wntur fli mtgitfn uut
f i f i i
u cn-ifltii fimr i u f f ^ t i
m 1S1
mfftt 11= I ei S^ mrgiffi?5 ifiitUTc? ^ mff&u, ^ci ftei? fifiieg?

Uvsm
I Q H fiem m ifim Seiiei
CI,
vs f%c?uei? wntur W 3 f ^ ?ftuei I Ufiu m m muen Si? c? inmt mrm m , S m fm cit ciei muei?
mfif
mi3imi lu^flfim cut wntur gt cmft u m leim leu itUT men c?f fii 1 Segu c?, S^JP iiuut? 11= 11= f#m
fifii wntUf n cmft Sfii mi cnf^ u m if iwi i fii I itmm i^fitfii d'Ollone tm ief Sm 1? f???i
fifiitt? f i f e ? cut wntur ^mfi icm leu fifii i m ifiuei? (f. i., f. 8vsv!s) I f?ê? fiHi wntur
w n t U T fn 11= n? um i it?%i ^ (iS)'i>o mftti um it^ i ifiu mu i u itu uei 1 tuei?
f ^
c^?tfc ifiuH mmitf? ftm fiHi fiHi itw? mfimtitmfiireifm vs?iff?Tte rtuei?fi?i?i^êei
tnrf f?ire?i?
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Contents
f t % ^ 'Q VsKlCT,^ A t t s r a t t I W f t m t? WW tltlf mi. stft ?R? C?t R f R CttC31?ftf^R ? t J f CRtf t R R t e t ?

fii(|(;? I IAN3 'Î'^l'A t f s l f t f <pw<p A^tra I
M i f t , t,*i=1i5< aftt f f R f t t t ? WtStt atAt f ficCA I
wfttw? f # i t W f i t r f ^ "tc? (?) w M ?CA; ftf w t l w i ? ttRtet? 5?R S f M f c t t t R t f etc?? f t M W?R?tJt
AtAtCt? t i t n Atc? 2fi? f f ^ t Attt? ff^ t 1 f M t ^ W f t t ? f M ' s ?Rt R s ? ?eA I e? iss-A f CR
f t f t t wtAtct? s t t f l ? ? W?,Ct? S ^ t 3 R (t?1f, f ? ^ , c t c t ? ? t ^ 'S f f f R R C t ? c t t t W?R?tTt M M R C t R f f f
ftfttt, wtt?, CR?!??, ftftft? a f f f t ? S R ? A ) m f # I t W?t?tlt w M mi iboh 'S ibi(t f^tCTO R t J A f f ttCR A t ? Rff5
mm ftftpit W t f t t f t f ftRt? a f f t t ? 5 ? f At?t t t C f I #?f f f f t t w ? f f t 'wt??ciT?ef c ? t e t t ^ f t t t M f M
Hartmann ?sf fttt? f t M SM? wtsc^l? f t f t t c t ? t? tAtCt? R?t]t M W t f t i M f f ^ R C t R ? t f t f t f t
w t R i t J t m C f t f t lilttt Rt^- R?tt A t t t ? I t ^ l T O Zwemer (H.C. Lea, The Moriscos of Spain, ^(th, R T O
? 5 f a f t ^ ftRtt f o t f t f S ^ W t 3 C R ? f # t R W?R?tJt m C t t f t iS>oS> f ) I
A t t t R R : Wtttft AtAt? W t t t I ftsf W t t R Q t t f ?t1< 'Q ?Rte? f R t e t f t f R t e t ? sft? Rtsf W ? R ? t T t CRtfC?
I t f t M R t A ' S t I ? W?R?,tTt R t M R M t M ? . t T t ? t i t i t t R A t f f T O f c ? f f t ? w?,et? t e t i mi S?ft?t t t f A s t t t fRCf
SM? fttlAsftcts ft?f WtgtlM'ftRt?t A C ? f A t S M (V. A . fc?tetA c t wet f ? e w t t R R t f t ? M , c t t w?et? t c t i
de la Jonquiere, Histoire derempire Ottoman, f t R R t A C t ? "^m^ t ? ^ ((Population Density) R f | M
tTtMiS.i8 f , f 8(t<\ t . ) I c t t t I cRtfe? R l f f t t t f c ? f f t t w ? e t ? ctf5 f t M w?R?tTt
l i l M ? t c t W i M t AAtCtiCtt R A f C t ^ w M R?tlf f # I R sft? % t f l t Rt^ I ftf itrSiH f^tCTO t ? ?tf*tTO C f l f S t f ?
tftttCA; ftf lAtCt? R?tTl Wtft?tt W?T a t C ? t W % f ftfR tT 'S W f t t ^ t t f t A ? ? t I C ? t C t c t ? f t M t t RtTOtfCA ttft
S t t R C t ? Ît? ?ftttCA I S ^ R A l C t C t ? f t M W?R?,tJt R f S t f t f ??ett>| I e? Finn WtscR? cttatfA "^ttR Cheremss,
tJtft? ftftC ^ Cftft M R R J ^ C Rt Cftft ?tt R ^ Votiiaks 'S Chuvash cttaiRfCAt cttCftl'S ftfR R?tlt?
t # ?ft?1 W f t t ? f ? t At I W t T t t ? 5 D. Westermann ^ t R R t e t ? f f R ?t?teR w t g ? ajAt f c ? i i s o c f [ t f ?
ftRC? m^ w f t t m t ? I S ^ w f t c t ? tf%C tft W i M t Aff?t? f f t C t t M 3tTO t ? ftnpt R ? t l f CRtf ASft tftf^
tAtCtCt? C t t t f R M , W ? R ? t T t ^ Cflft M Rt^ ^ ? 5 f t t ?#tt ttRtt atAt ?5C? I ARfiR StftCt? Ctf5 W?R?tJl? t t f t M
AtAt? M t ^ t t t t W? t i R R t ?tRf f C ? R I t f ^ tft t f ? R ? t J l R R ? t ? t ^ ? f t f t e f I l i tfttc?TO?ftR t f t f f t t t c ? ?
Zwemer tAt? S ^ ?'ftlc?s ftcm^ f w i M f t t A t R A t t c t S t ? l i t f t ? e t R = f < f t i C t W f ^ f t t ? f t tTORt C?, CRttc?
t A t ?5C?? I CftR'S A t w S t M W t ? t C t t f t t T t c f S ^ t f ? R s t T R ? t ? R R
WtfttRt??1? ttt^ R t J , ttRC? m Cftft TJt ^ StRTO t t t ? ^?Ttcf t f r o f w f t ? f f ?fA?tc? I
AtAt? ^ t t?Itt%t W? lil?? R t t c t f t t t t TJt ^ ^cttet? f ? ^ t t M w?et iSioo f f ? M w?R?tTt sft?
AtAt? I S ^ RAtCtCt? W t f f t l ? t m ftCR f R t C t ? C t t ? ' Q Rt ?f3!t RRJ M A f r o t W f M A t I t f - ^ C R t f Hartmann
CttR'Q t M f l R R t f f t M I ftf S ^ fttiR f t c a ? Wft?t?t iS>oS> f . Sg; R?tTf ?f3!t RR^ f b H t t t A t T O AfTOf ?'ftt f C t ? i
W t 3 C R t W?R?tTt R t M C t t t ' Q 1 ? ^ tT 'S t M ? t T t ? tt'SAt f t C t f t r o Cf5 W?R?tJt stf? % t f | t R C t R ACtT f # t R W?R?tn
t t t Rt I t ? M f C T t f t ? t M t t R t t f t R ftf^ Ctct? f t M M f t R t ^ M A t T O Wf& t f l t t ^ W ? I A ^ t t M ? f f f R R C t ?
W?R?tJt? W i f t t M ftft? t t A t i t S R l t J t M srtA Ctf%t A t T O Rf. t W ? I tAfAt sfAtR
CtRtwttt t t M Wtnst t i t Altlt; 2FtR t i M Wt3CR m Dobrudja Wt^Ca-ARAtR f C ? i i f e i o f Rttc?ftTfte C\^
cftit t t t t Rt^ f ^ Attt? I wrsftft t i M wt3CR c\^ ^ A t T OTOt f t f t t W ?TO?te^fACtt (Montenegro)-C
W t f f A t t t ? ; ctt fC6? t t M W t 3 C R l i l f cttft f f s t St^tlt c M A t T O f t R T O M I WtRC?f?TO Cttt f ? M W?R?tTt M
Attt? ? ? t MltW-H; tttft t t M W t s C R C? ^ ftttS R t ^ C5tfait At?t? M ?fR?t R t R t f ? t At I t A t e t ? t e t l TO
Attt?; tf ttR ttM Wt3CR M Rt^ l3tt Atttt lit?? CtR tiM A t T O M t t t t ? ? c t g t ? , "5f|t A t T O M R t f (Serb) c t l f ?
wt3CR litf R t ^ M AtAt? I S ^ t M ? t T l ? A M w f t f t ? t c w t TO? ? t f ? t t A t T O M W t R e ? % A?et1^ I % ? l i l t R ' S -pfttt
Wftt^ttfM, t t f f ctt R f R ctct? art? R f R wft?lft f t t t i t , A t T O (?) f t M t f t t t c ? 1 f f f (Crete) f e t tAtet?
( C t t ? AACWt; SAt? C A t t W?R?tJt ? | 3 t t R t J M Attt?-'il? RCtT R ? t T t > ^ tftc t t e Rtft A t T O Wf& t A f t t ^ R t M
m ^ R t t AtcCA f t M ) C?t R f R Ctct? C W f lil?? Ctt WtfRAtCf I iS>oS, f f tftc Cftt A t T O ^ t f A t t - t t t t W ?
R f R Ctct? W?R?tI1? R f t ? W ? t t R'S f t M , C?t? At"S?t TO? ibrbrj. f f A t ^ AtAtCAt w M f t M M I Bosnia 'S
(Hausas) 'Q f f C A (Fulbe) W t 3 R M - C > t R f R CtCt? c w t Herzegovina W t 3 R ? e ? f t f ? Serb e t t ^ w f t t l f c t ? ACtT
S ^ t M ? t i t c ? ? S t ? w M t M c t fttiR ^ t R ?s?t ?1? I A ? Rt=TOA t T O iilf t ' f t t f t t W ? f?fRR<3 ^ s j i g ^ ^ ?fAttCA I
W i M t tAtC?Ct t t R t t 'ilt?'S f t M CttigtfCA s n t M AtCCA w f ^ T O W t f f t wtsCR W f f s sft? >ilf A t T O "Sfft t f m W ?
t t R t f ffttCftt
t.ft.ft/^JsV
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Contents
<^^b-
iJtmH ?(i?iiti I "frnfrt? mumi c i c i , Hcii uni ^csci wntuti liHHi f t m ^ ifrnttuti ims i t u uci: (ivo)
filiici? n ltd ^ ^ Hf^ ciTft i n I H I titcn . Revue dti Monde Musulman iCfsf lifi HlC^ 1 1
mfwttit ' i % milt m t & f i itciti i ifltm c i c i titif fiHi Uti? wntut imfi ifiituti s m ituei; c^n s
mfifffci liiti i5flcci-i Index general des volumes I a XVI. ( i T t f i i ifeii
c i i j f i itfif%i tiiii I d S ^ mtcifiiii mft %), ffiff? ciei? fiHien itut wtfim wu fif^ i f ^
m t ? mi. I I T va ifi=i mtcifiili n 11= cnfS itifi f i f i i cif? (i8) Harry W. Hazaid, Atlas of Islamic
8
I f i I S C ? , ii%i f f i f m t l wsf^ (Htfiitci i i

t i f i History. Htlti fiifiutn cii The ifefti (ift)
Itm uH i ^ i H i m ntwtutmfmitm) i ^cSti?i Statesman's Year Book ifevbS-ifevbft i
iiicici m 11= 'ifmmt Itm f i f i i ifimi i titcn T. W. Arnold (U.U. t.)/^. UWim=f n
mfwttit Perth mi3ci nm \ ffiff? i n ciei? m itc^ fiHiii ? t i ie? i ?H
i f i # t t ( i ) fici? fifiien m i ituti itm i n miu 'Jfift? mHcsf? Si? esti lift, e? cific itt? c?,
iCPSt mtl Hubert Jansen, Verbreitung des Islams vflfiu m ^ lUciiic?? f??ft mtci? mfiuften itUtiHt
in den Verschiedenen Landem der Erde, Uf^ mti itcei fifii i fiHg fifii utt fi^ S^ f?t< ^laH
ib-s>i f"^tm-t 'mfm-t tmff uû iitfi world
(1) w m i?cm itc cmtfiu i ? ^ fif m^tfiu itft n i s ^
Muslim Gazetteer I t f t i i C f i 1 ^ 1I fffiu ficil m?Tm&m 'fl?t fiuUien i? f ? itc fmtfiut i #
mfi f i f i i i i ^ cifs f i f i i rnituf ( i i ^ mntd) f i ^ U5iteii, Uicifiu va tcueifiu itft n i i i % i va
itcci Ritfiii citft fii 11= f%un^ mt? n i cnflwi i S ^ ixifiucsfcitfii fii fiu i?*i? mtfff ?fiuci i ffif?
uifTtfi f#ii
i U f i cifs f i f i i
i ^ i f s ? itcci
m i v U t
m u t u mtciva âtii cm? cii itm u, c?ue? n-cif
m
m cmft umi i i = um mm mt i i ^ ^ i wfiHi f i f i i mt I v f l t m ciei? citua citifte f i f i m fif?

?i|ifci mitcn i t i T t i t c c i i c i cmft > i i f i i i = c^tift itutif?^ m t m v n t citua citifte citii u ^^ci^ mitu
mm ^ i ^ W l I cm u t r c i - n i fum cut fifii ciei? Segieuu itUfif I'stue?? ft? mfim? ?#U mtei I
wntut cptift cmft i v g ? 11= v f t m mm mttfi W l i fimfi ?fs^?fi fii fiu fiHi-m|Tfi ciieHtci cvftiffD f i
fini WtHm w u cgft 1 "^.aa^-din; (o) Martin
i c i t ^ i f , mei f i 3 = i u m mfi va it?efi fifii ?m^;
8 (i) (i)
Hartmann, Der Islam : Geshlchte_Glaube_Recht, mimfi fifii ciiuji v n t ufifii i f ^ itmfi "ximfii
ittiHi iJsofe S^ ict f i f i i wntut n t f i fimfi ciiifi; (vo) wfifii Ut^ fifii, mtutif ftfte? i
UtH i U 5 ituci, iTtfn
f i f Site Sflrfi n Ut;
.fu msamci'jfif? ifH ut^ fifim wntum i f ^ f t m
(8) S. M. Zwemer, Mohemmed or Christ, o i ific^n, wm i i i fiei? cut fifii wntum m f ^ f t m cii i u
1 ^ i c s i v b f; S ^ i c f iTtift?fimf#iiwiitcnwntm wT^ lfl? I '{fife wen wim ifiuei, cmc? w f w
i i t i i
H n l a f r S l t U e i 1 (e) M. Broomhall, Islam in China, 1 1 3 wteit cms wtmsuf nmt i wtm fii wuivs
vit?ii
i m ifeio f ; ; S^ i C f fifii W f i t c n c i t u a c i t u a wtci? UtUei, ciuc? citeiu ftfte? num U if?U n t UUn
wntut fim f n f n iitcitm i u ituei; (b) s.- # n u n IC?-1 wtm wfimti ciciwfifii m?m? wiu
Bobrovlnkoff, Moslems in Russia, EThe Moslem mtft ii wtmsitfm? imfi ituei'i iit?;i~wtneiffe
World' I f l f i l t e i i t f i , i i , i m i S > i i f . ; ( 1 ) D. mitcn ?ff? WtHi mtit< m^fBrn ifaim um? Sitcn i H
Westermann, Der Islam in West-undzentral- wtft f t n i u i f ^ I wtm fcui-wtcif?im mtfi
Suden, EDie Welt des Islams' U l f i f t c i i t f i , i i , wtmsuftc wen n? ?< va ficn fHc wntut f i m
\r<t i . , Ufn i f e i v s (fr) G. Kampffmeyer, Statlstik iHitum i v i s ^ i?ci? i H imf ?tu ^êis Stfc if? fHc
der Mohammedener auf der Balkarihaibinsel und wntUt? ifimtum if i? u i wn i^t m citn
in Osterreich, ( f . i . , i i , v s i - o v s ) ; m&m 4 i m fifnen mfii mtut H<f? i u cucst miw iei i "f*tm
f # t i wntut imfi utH wtfim w u cifi s (}) The wii-'wtm wti-tntf" u n nfHHi n H msfm icstm
Mohamamedan World of Today, HS tl^, iS>o>!j '^.; ?1 fm fici? fiH^ cien fifii wimtum n H f<f f t m
fHi va v a i m i m t m i H i i i w s e ? iitfi t i f e n if itUfn (cif? 8 World Muslim Gazetteer, lUft
Hnft fm<if c ? ? itmfi ciiugeitnti ietcnfimfi^ '^.) I f ' m m wti-'wfiim wti-tntf mtfm itfimi
ifevbft
f i n i mtl iHUcn; ( i o ) T h e Census of India; (11) itu (World Muslim Gazetteer, 1985 edition. lUft)
Koloniaal Verslag: ( i i ) The States-man's Year Hen ? t f ^ fifii wntum Hem; fif? f t m i m ?#?tei8
Book-um 1 ^ itc i H i i i i i t f i itu Uei-icf ( i ) mfi fiHm ?(|ifi
t m f fiitcim
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Contents
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Contents
( i ) tnm' m r m fj^f1%ia w^ m t Sim m r f f m i f fti u f (f. o/iios>) ififnn m mfiei ru?

f i H o i l n mr:fe m i t i u m 1if%g m f n <tltiiic^ i .. 'life? if?'icf vflicg if|e?fi ifiu fiucn 1 fH ?en,
(1) iimtt m firm (m) ii stufi ^ 2 t f f ^ frtif%i f i i fiu tnm icm? fiH nut ^c ire? s ( i )
% m " t n r n " urm wffii?t fium n # ffiif tntm' t m i ' icm? mi" 'mtfij cimi ^ m m fum' i mtiti
mm fif^ uffmrf ^ ufiufii mi" S U ? fi,U%i m'mtm ? c n s
m<ifm ift ufi'mfft va uHtfii miujd? mri? fiur;
(1) t n m ' um uffmtff-vg uHffii md? ift Su? c?t "mm iH citus u% cmuen i H fim' (mtgim n r i
mn ^ ^ i f % i wci? mttui f i u U ? c i t s f i m U i mtrmmr I C ? ) fiem ic?.e? cmu muei ?H^ u, fH ffii n"
v f l i t f=#m 'uffium? v f l t mn fium fif^ mfu;? Si? (8 S Si8) I
vflift u?mi mffH; Si?f n f w m tui Uft ius ?'Hf; (i) (1) 'tmm' icm? ui" mH vs '2if? mmi ftn i u
mT*[fii ifrm? 'wtHilci? f i % im va Suw? imfrmtm ( ^ 1 C I iH's tif? m i ftn ifntci, J I _ J _ J I 1
(nfnrm itwfii irmiwi mT*[fii i f ^ , imn Goldzher, i t c i f ^ mpi [miii] fîmm Sunt s t . ^ ^ ! c i n
Arnold, Babinger, i f f l F f mtfm m t f , vfl^vaU^S cm; UU me??wu [cmus] m?ft?iHuei; I al ( m f ^
U t (mt-vfl? itum fim) I I C I ] WtH ffmm= if ituci) i 'itfi' icm? fjs,if%i mi"
(1) iuift m? fitmm ( m ) [nm w. ftii (fig uituu i f f % vg fiuisr I (v5) t?g'i-mtf<if (f. vsiWfe^v- (?),
(tHo f ifi^),ifmmf. vfevo^ f itfr 'utifiitiimfmitu ?en, 'fitn' v^tii u f ^ c? mu? mtif? tunei. vfliu^t
wifiu%n Su i n itct t n m ' urm mffi i Hmtgm- mmi? wu Hffi ie? I j j i L a J .^.i I I - 'CI I f f t c i
m n u ? wfim i f mfur;? Su 'mti-fin' vs 'vm-mrn' ' f l t *( wfc^ wu H^tH if?u fniCi' mm tnm' icm? mf
I f f (Umr) i t r : Sv| i S^ u i fift ?tf vg ti S?
^ ^
f? vs 'mtfuci vflufsf mrm? wu fifit vs HfH i u ( ^ i ,
fii fiut 'mmft i f ; Suw? irmift mf ?ft?tr:i, c i t m<H? 8v0, 11USl-U?f??Tt, i v O o V H.) 1
ff%Sum? îf%i wci?Si?t iffl i f m i ^ i t f i (1) mgHi fcn mfimti ituHi imm i f ^ u m I C ? ?
S^ i i fUtn f l t n r n ' w i " ?j?u? ifiim irrm f u s ? c?, tnm' imft? mi" viiifu? ?fif mfij mm n
Sum? fjs,if%i w c i ? u:u irmtsfim uuu i f i i ^ mrfi i ? t a F i i f f t ^ (mtm m'mim t ^ ) - ? wfi uu itu
n I c? n i i m i f "mrr: nmfmo f?fg fium? mcsf ?miU v s u I Goldziher u n , t i U i icm? mf m f i ? ? vg
ituci, f U i i / w l f i i i i SiRii?<:4 'i1ffûf, i t f ? t f i i ' U cmmicufi m t f i ! mm ffii i i mm? i H fif vs
If'mif im' Uiu mfft ifiu u m i cm i t i t , u?=r, c?mieitfi mtfim' cmi i u i nmf (m) mm? ici
it^, îm, ff? tTtfi I ' m t f i i i i m s ii?s Hcii'mriW fiien CI lien m i ' Hffi ifiu fiucn, Suei fmtm
mmfi f i i ? t ? f c i f?rtu? Scwi 'ftf im' umim ifiu wu t m i ' imH mu c i cim i i wcim mfi^ Sicuf i
ucn, cm "^m, f l ? , tnm trrfi i ' r n i f i i i i Sfci f i u i S^ imft? me<? 'leu n mfi fne? i H mfi' itm
irrf vflt fium ium? uofumtcna Scî iHum i cm mfff? f i t Ui fium ? f i ? i c i I I f mm? iH fiien
nmff (m) 'mmff tutftci? c? mn i i (cm mrai, S^ lien mmei'? uH -flt c?, iff? fiew? uuf? i f ^
t i t f i ) ftf mcf U I U ? ifiifcn f f i citsfi fi cimfi
immei f i i # t fnt c ^ t mfm fne? Hi& mrmn{., f . c^) i imm iH
vflt Hum I f f mff ?r^ mti-Ufi"ifft (f. s o s / i o i v o ) iicus;
Amold- fu? vflU fiumf mf?;i mfit "?ra5.?#?tcn i
55iic? i m n t ufif "3 f'tfiit fint â i t i f i i
cicu^ mfic? iim I u?f'1-fHrnnm-mmmri-mrfift itmT iH Babinger f m i C f ('mt?f U f . 'mtntfm-
(f. ft^r^5/iiWs ( ? ) i i V H ) fu? fiffi-mfiim f SfHm- 'îm) v i t i ^ e? mf1 ?I^ 4l??icn, Su Goldzlher-vfl?
tiim irf; lit f i i c ? c? fiil micitnf ifiuen, Su? it?iU mf%i itc ci? mfii f n ?ei i iiiici i t f u i mrf?
vflt c?, 'mffiicnic uf'mte ifivomufci? iiSfmrf mi"
'mf m ien c?, tnm' i c m ? mi" c? mtfim, vflt i n
Sitcn fr,if%i mi" itct S ^ n t S?H? mc<? icu itmm iH Suei v f l t i i n tm? i H m ^ viiifmn? ?lt^
ifiimifiumm I mtfiT ifiuiTfUf ifiuen, ?tm f f m .iiifm mfi
nt um mf%cf? mfm mu itm^ cimi tu u tifm
(1) r5Ff?imii, I t i m (f.)-mfiiii, mHitiitaHiii i f c i U I I C i fH fit? The Spirit of Islam i C f v i f t
va mutu ficiis 'tnm' icm? uf'mtf mci? mfuo Su? ? T r i T r i m ?>Hitcn c?, 'tnm' imft? ?T.if%i mm
frîHi mci? m i cnttu? c c f ifiuen i tim i i n ' i - itf'mtf c ? n v a wei? 'uut 'fltii mm 'a .iiifim i f i v ^
. t m f fiitem?
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Contents
(?8i
wHUi^H H t mt, mtn mtfUsntft m r m t m mfe? *mlf ? f w ^ H i c f ? c m i f itet t U iitfi i ? m i

cmâ m f m r mr i c m mrmi trm! tH Su? mr;<? f m m m f n m ? ^ ' t n m ' icm? msf '^^ mm m t i H i
m:?! tirstHm <\k(^ mafc!? m H H ?H?tci ? H ? T mtmi mtfi!' ?fim iitfi i f ? m m r 'flvam c n - n i c s f
mm i m I mtfeg m f ? ' m f ? m?, t n m ' mci? m t f m f vfliH msf icstt t? f i ^ I C I I m i t i t ^ i ff%fm vfliH
w< i t m mimci t H ? i R ? i ? m?jc? ij t ? H m i m mmtat I f ? m i t f n t n m ' i m H mi?t S u itc i f ^
i?t n t mtm va m i c i 'tHrm ?lH? i H m Scnci t n i m f ' t m ' i d ? f i t H m ' s S u itc f^sii i m fimtn
m m va 2tc#t m m i f ? m ? m f c i ? H I s i s va s.i s H O O (wsffs, t n m msf ^ t i f t i m m n t t m wsf w ^ c n f i m i )
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Contents
A f f t iflfAlSi W f f A j f t R WAT ftftt A t t i c A', ftpAt I A I ^ A f C A WTO, f C t f I t l t f l ART f t f f t I f t t s e ? t T O ' t R M

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W A l A t T f CA, ^ 1 ftPAT ttft ^ ftPAT t A A t O s t Aitl^sfta w f A 1 A J ^3 W l ^ M S ? f t t W t f t T I t T O - i i R W f ' 3 W f t i t I
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t i t m iT,t1%U5 mcsf l i t i c t u w * i t m i cit?ict m j m m 1? n t ic?r<? (wti-m'tm) s o wtm m f i i i ^ m n ?

t i t c n c i i m m if? I f i f f mm ififff tnm'tm VG tit i w m n c i f f i i f i m m f f s f it<3 i t i i f ^ i n t f ? w m
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m<ft itcci 'f^ff?' n t f?w mtmtci *[ w t m rn'mtm v o l , vbi, 81, i i v b - i i H ) I Sic? wmm mm ?'fmf i f i m f i , sm
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t m Hmtc? i U ?t 1? v n t t?t? i f f ^ m t m ? m f f i mt? ifm c i t f i i f i i t i vs f i m c n if t m w t f i m m citfi
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tfiio? i c 5 m I f ?wm mrifci? mm w t m ? c ^ i f f m muc ?T?i t n m ' i e n wsf itcci ' t v 8 f i ' , n t
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( 1 ) S ^ wimmtfii^m t?mat vintfifii#fi f i c n i t u t m ' i c m ? m i l i
s^ win mm iitfi n CI, t n m ' i t c i tfifs m f m s i t
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mf ifnrnm? mc^ mc^ if??f ^^m wffimci I cims cit?vs i c n f t wtu vflt 8 1 8 v J i l ; ft 8 vbfe vg i ; ^ J i H I W t m C1t?vS
n ? m?? i H ? c n ift.Sm if??f i t m c i i f?wm cm?vs,muewfmm'wtm f i t c n c i ' f i f i i ' u n mutt?
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c i t f i i f i m vs ftf? ff%c S^ 'wtmff H f i - f i m iffl t n r n ' vs t m ' n m ? m s f i i m i
t m f fiitem
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(b) i i # m mm t i m ' m fltut v^t cwm 'Uifi itwfi' u lituu iui-icbti? srcui
cmtfii fimr (mtfii fifi-îsn fm, mtrm? Sn t m iemen Sn uurîi ^ u ie (m-itfimff) i
mtr m nt mtmr:i f i m it#im mffitci nsi ifi?rr iwt^ citfii 'mt#tus- Hmn cwcai iecn 1f%c
cffflTtt itîtci I cswirB t i m ' itc^ci m n m'mrm iR5tfn n f H inm u nt - v f l i n m nei itfi?
n itc im lit firm (m)-n sfH ijtfit ifitii mtuifi iHc iie? u i m i 'mt^tu mfi finmfc
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m n fntcn i f i m ir#m i-is s ss mrm t m i H m 'mtfu m@ itm i u i Ufcn wifiui iu vftt c?,
tfi mun I t i m n iflt mt^ frfii f i m u#w C I fiew? n i cuiTr fiu fimr mwm ufii fin i i i
i f % citfii fittiug^ 'mtuf fifi-fim tnten ^mf^ i ite ?tfntufic?Uiteci'mte? ciim u n i 'fluf
f l ' icn mcsfvs mfari ifiun mTfiuci i fifiien fiit tntci t i t l tuum^ Suen uu ?ien fii fiu fien
fen n i i i f n i t ^ vflt s f i ' itcc^ mrm ^fmfu '9?i;f? mfinff ?ei, nt Suen ?^ Suen fiu (mti^w)
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ciltu 11 ifie itci i nt mtîji ci, 'mifu ^ 'mm ?ficcn s
Smi tint ftcn m'Sf^ (iTiitf tmf'mtf'i-fn)' 'iJLi t > U j La'^Lcj Yj UI^'JLJ 'illI JLi!i Ji
'tnm' vg 'fti'-n we< SifiS^ ifiun mtu icg^s
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t f m vflt jBvoI^ itu fiei 'citfii f i m ^ ' 'ftttifD c ^ U , n t m m f i i t cfei cmtcn (m^sen) t^vs-5ft"
fim^' viit gt tci fi^ icn mm fm ^jtcei ufiu, ( 1 1 s v o l ) I
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itci I tit Ut fifiien fiit 'wtitm fiimfe iei i f i u e i 1 I t f l i t l i t , " v i i i v i = i i f i Hu f i f i i t i t u u c i 1
CI ifiui v Q i c f i mfiif, 'mrtf fiH-Hnm ici cit ieji uf%; c? f i i e n fi? I C ? , im w u f s ^ Sut ?ft?tc^"
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t n t f Hitem
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(t8<b
m f i m i u n I I C I tmn UiUici S^-iHi wt&it

itco im 'jsti S r o m tm Slum it 'mr- va Sm uwitf imfvam iff%itf i t u Sflufii i fif
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w t i - f ^ f uti-UffH mt Hen I Svg; Usîi i w t itc îHi W1C1 fnt f c i fiitfi ifnt m fitcnci
oio/hid icn fcit tiHmi i t ? i I iH wtci, wti- iTt n t m mtfii i t u m f i uiuien fnt ien i
wffmi-wmT? m wtH i m m ituHcn i w 8 n H H fiw leitn cwji mt wtf'i-f-va-uciva ijt
stteu 2|HH t n t e n mtmHi ^ - H m n ^ Hie? i m I vflt m I t l titei nwi wntf va wuH f f t i f
f? t t c ^ t Hi I wtiufs'i-wtiiic?? mtiH^ Hien wHitft Uiuei ntfi ifiu cn i fif fH ntei uiun
wtf wt'm wtim t n wii-fmf (f. oos/hsa ^ fimen n ^ Bfiefii tm nei Sm inen uift
s>/s>(?o-iii? luiit cm^ n ) imtci m u?e wti-finti ific fien i f m n i fH fcn steuwen ifi itiH m
w t i - i t i t , wti-iiw#, vaitH--^ wHitf Hftmi, 1 ^ # i m SeRfeu t n t i ' t n f m m wti-tnttf (f.
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i5en I H H m - m i t i itei ut Hen i m H H t m i i - f l uwmf imtvaun tfiu ulttcn i H H tm m
wtum^'i-wti-ltm Hie? m isHe S p ; iHuHen i vît un? wu m 1 '^'f f U fm fiit mttu ficn nt
I U i t CI,' CI fci H n unten mfHi #nmti wtmi Uwmfc fm Siffitci fitei wjiu wtuten i fH
iHeHi I m cit fcit t n n t n 'tiui ( H H t u n t n fitnten i H n m ufif wl'i ifien,
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# u f fHu' u f i n u u fHut writfg HSHen fimtfm nffiei wtm-wtni va wtcm-ieuen i H
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mifm-Ufen (?) ftiuiei uiuei sifft; ui-i-HiU U H?tHii fiitufmci Htitiiy i f i i , n t u n t n
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ciitn n f i f i i fiwiii tuen m ^ va n i f i u : n ivsttu ie I ?fiv3 t i m t n fit?m fsHntutm fiwi
n t i f Ttnmi w t n ifiuficn i wuti fiegten i c i Hun t m uf? i m cuiit ntm wfntf ficn u,
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ciuiH t n t t t i t n ' i wtim-n w f n n s iHu ciuim . utfti fU5n wjjH wtm? g?-g?te^ imf? i ? i Sv^ ift?f
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fnt ie5 I wtlitf i t m f e n wflittit ficn f c u u va ?m?tva?ten.m va i m ' w o r s m fii i 'wt??entif?-
tmf fiitem
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i f 5 T vs flt-itff itmu wir i^civij f n ^ n strucsf n i m ifie C 5 t t ien, tUe n? lU?t I'fit ?fiuei i ft.
ifnm iim mt 4 ( i v i i f i = i wiwt mfn ifimm cmi vg ^sf imfe Uiitei ci mffii f^mum fiiti iftufii,
fifif fcii I t u c i iim i t mi i mn ifci fc^ mftffu ifUU Sm mtntewi i t n ' i - i l ? ^ (Maimonides) fifi
im f l l v i i T m m t ifirm,- v f l n f i ^fci f C M men ic? t u n t n fimmei fsfintit^ f i m i f m ftue? cii
clfifimi (Dominican) FM m*[ii"s (itmt fifim i m f uqtu m iHueii^ fi?. ifiui mfêu? ift t n n - v f l ?
ftn miitfli) v i i t cwcai m3^ ' S i f i< ffim itn I C ? S^ ie^ Segi ifiuen i ffi ?en, "tim' t n fit?m
v i i n f i mcnrnfmr, c f i i vs cwcim iruci m ^ mrnîT fin nwi fSfintit^fii ficn; f i f c? liiite^.fm cmt
mcimvs l i l t cmm mcn mm mfimn flm i Sciu ci, S^ ^ f l l U , cit file? ciif m i ifie fiu f f i U U
ftisfii l f l fiHicn mmi flm, ficil vs i i f i itfifSn fifimren, Su f i n mfUiff%i uew i u mf m fii
nen I irmr wic timf fft-mtff? itfi mfimn I C I i" ?f Sen i?nm S^ fieu? v i i f t m i f i i n m i
im ff%mff i m i m S ^ - i f % i wi&^m mucsit ic& i m i tn'1-mifm? f i lis imtcn leu liiiie^ cii
mm mtnrvsmt sm i m i m cig i ifitircit tiuri' fi?ii vg S^ I t f i n I insc? timi' t n fmuen
TN ^^mm FM f ^ n r fiiificn ff% ffn i#?rtficn I ifr?f f l l liiift itfi? vs meimf mir ifiif fcn
tmmi TN ^mrm ii M icu ît i f ?nt I
fim v ? ! ! ^ vg i i m m mfimft i lufci ? f ^ i^mf ^ icu l i i t t u n t n ^îmucn it^tcn leu i t ^ nt*f t n m f i
gtuu uf Ss,ft >s firm ffnr i tmen n u m m (Adomin) vs mtf wtmn tfifm t n m f ufii m-'wtfn
fim^m-uvsi n muum m fiî^m imm i S? ffemt ( f . v s f e ( ? / i o o 8 ) - i i t ? m ficiitei SeiicUU i cieu^ itatftvs
iici ^ 'mmft i t d nt m f mei ftg' mnfti mmei l?cm Uff ficn I Sen icu fUit mfii? ilfeT?
mfi imfi ^tuei I fSfinrit^ fium US rm i f mfiif ficn Uiu m n i m i tiutei? ^fi? n im
'fit<['i-mrm'Uf m'l-mi'fiu mfimn mfim fii i fitffus; ftm? ffit umuûen u f nuen f 5 f i s , n
i fum nufi 'mtaf U^fifi fiSfici mtUw UtUei fif^n I iiruf f f i t u n ? f mffii ift^fei f ? 3
(fiSfil, ut. I t brofe) Sm utfti MM "De diaetis vs i#i uen I m n , vflt fUit itcen cit uf^^^ fifi
1
Universalibus et Particularibus" ffiiti ?fiU nitU fimniotc? utcn Rabbi Gamaliel-C1 lijlt uf^ ifiU
finmtu m ftitci umm wie f f fm i f^fintit^fii fieii ifiuen t tmei? itig m-wint?fifi ^ - ' r f ^
t n t i (Isaac)-ci lUfci fcuen m fsfintit^ fim m%m i?imi3ei m-fim (Aigizar) uci ififs itu
fiein mM men ffte ciu i S^ i f t liium fiuen f ^ n m f i m ?i icfs icim ficn i Suen
uiuen n-mfif f&finril^ f i m m-finen fiici I C U m'1-^mtfi? u f f m-itfi? ifitilt mfii fiut i
itmem FM fimfen fiit c^fittu cn i Su f i i t i Su fSfintif^ f i m n u u 'U?if i Constantine the
mu fcUci ifl vs wf n I muie? isb-n f Sm fH African, Viaticum Uei utft? mm Sm U ^ m ien i
mtm itgu (Padua) '^c ntfi n i t n t i TN fitnm m^miiu fUen utfti ciim^ci utiirc? n t ^ vg sfytfi
Icfimcn iifiein' u f i n u u ifs mt ien i ifUfi n I m-wim? 1 ^ i ^ mT?"s isfi i f ?iteivs uvsu
untei ftg^ mfuntei mtifw Utuei i S^ ufm ifmm m I Suen i v 8 f i uvsu m f ^ vg m t i ufum f i
m Ulilusf (]VIanhig-^4:Jll-Musar ha-rofo' im) i t U 'mtaf i i e l m i 9 f i itûm*(S^lu?e?fmntm
fcuen ii^ mi3iifei iUfi vg wom wifii itufii i mite? I I C I 1 ? , iiit?\i mm iu mîi itc? u c?, muvsuei
Constantine the African titei utfti tm W^lti icn i liltii liiift f5fis,itiiw fim? U f fn uue m ^
t u n TN fimm ii its menuu Segieuu im ffinrilsfiiii vs?5f f f ffim i m if?ei i.fSfimiten
fftmf ie^ m m-tiHi'it i TU c i t f i i iuti^fiumf l cinien ?ni?f?.muum f&fint fim f i m ^men
fsfinr-iiifii fi T j f t f ^ Us itUei i TM f i "m^f c? m i ? i itufn nt u m ftu'^n uiitei fmt iftu
i t l i m m U v s U m U i fif constantine the fiufn, I C I n , imuîfcn S^ fiutie? cit ^men mitftt
African ii utfti Tm f mfm vs nft f i g ^ Ufm fim C1V3U ^ I S ^ fiuti? S ^ 11 ifnt figfiuiicn
( S . Fried, Das Buch Uber die Elements, I i t i f i i ife? c^ltfie ite? U t i f^fintilw fin fiifium U ^ i i
i f e o o >[.) niteivs U v s u m i ifUim f t c i n i F t f t i i f i i i iHm fm S ^ - i f n mHnm lirmfii ftn mî
(Hippocrates), v i i f i e f t i , irtcn (Galen) vs lenwi fium men fn i cit m fiutum? fiwfff fsfim
cttettif ciiei? m ? Sffii^ ? f i ? t e i i t u n finen nit fifit m m n i i H m nt'tmr ^-'Hmen
t n fit?m, muûen itf nuc? ci m f i ? ? fim cwus 'jfife fu?euu if^ u f ^ fimtn S^ 'srUm
tntf fiitem
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Contents
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wMtft Rc=ii I f 1 ? M s r o ? R RfrJHtlt % T S ^ - f f % t ^l&<Mi) f f f ? >a f t r o 5tT Roger Sb^/io'W (ioH\s?) RC? t T l R t C t t
W t f t mt C2f% lilftM IwtRWt m^ I Salerno 'S (Palermo) w f t f R f f t r o RttTCt f t f R f f c t ? S t ? f f f
"tsw f>iI>iflc\o t i t ? arro t%?it%T 1 l a i w i t S ^ R t ?5C?? I
w i i t f c A t t t t j w Sro 2(t? t % n M tBT%v31 tT?RC? ? ? l t t f f f f f f f R t t (Calabria)-C f ? C W ?
fUrtfaTnct? W t t R t f t r t t w t t t AiVb-A^-A'Jsft/b-tb- f f f ^ f f t c mi 'WlAATRACf, f f C t t C f CRt^[tfct?Cf
t t t t t C R ? te*tl f t f t f mf ? t R ? I AS.t/Si.oJi> R T ? W t t R t f (Lombards) f s t c A t t t t t ftC R t f ^ l WACtCt CRt^ffct?
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fif^ ctt f C ? ? I Scat! c t , W t A R t t t A ? ftttttfatA f l ? R t
W f f o ^ I
f r n f a t t C ? ? R f C t t W t f R t f t i R t W t I f f f ? f ^ . tUttt
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f t t l A C f ? t ? A f A f ? s t ^ tf,? fc?R mi ftftfc f t r o
f?tf?tTtRC?? S f t f t ? f t f ^ A f f t f t t J f ? t A f I W A t T t T O
t t t t f f f T f ? ftf%? St? 2|fff& A t r o RCSf RC^ R T t t l C t ?
stff WATRT f t t f t h J i t C t t s t f f t ^ C f f ? . t f t t t t ^?I >i|??
'Wtttrf tfffT ?tTT "ftftt ?5C?R I f t ? t W t t R t ? ??f?
t l t t f f t t t S f t t A t C ^ t AttttCiT? t f t ^ t C t ? S t f f W g t flc^ I SAt f t t f W t R C ? ? R t r o t ^ 3 f R f t f t C t ? t t r o R t t f t f e f ^ "tte??
>iit?ict f t f t f f t f t f??nr Attttct? 'wtAttf tfftct? iQ f R ? 1 ^ R f l C A w f t f ? t f t t t C t s t t t f t f TOR ffSfAtrtR? I
t l R t f f c ? îRtf ro mi R A R t t t t f ^ W f A f Rf A ^ R f t # t A f C f W t ? f f f t C ? f?tf?tItRC?? R t r o t R t t t f t f ? f t f ? t
S A T "ftAtcT? t T t ? t f c ? t t t c f I f f R T O C 5 t f t>(^cfAt I ? ? t T t t t f f f t t c t t c - t i f?fw A t r o
f R f t f f c t ?fttTC?? ' W t f f t f t f ? t C t ? t i R ? f o ? ffttt f C R RlCttCHlt S ^ f e f f S R f M t R ? 1 t t J t f f R t e f t f ? W f f ^
1?ro f f c ? R ^ r o s f t A f i f f C t CRttc? Sabbathai t ^ f?tf?tTtR?ft? Rft R t f f t c t t f f t c R R f A ? I S c a t T Ct,
t ? ? t f R t A A Joel Donolo ( # t ? f f R ^soi/s.i^s-oHVJ!'b-) t r f f t r t ? S ^ f ? t f ? t i t R ? f t t ? f t ? w 1 % f t f S ^ f f ? w?T
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CWTtfff?tTT f?tC?? m ^ fffS CRtf f?CR? I ^ t T O Aff R f C t t C T O f t t r t R t f t f?R R = f f l i l f f t f 5 f f R t f w t R ? I f t ? ^
5f^r?ft? R c t i ii?sft 5 j c ^ RtR t f cwf^?t? (Sfer ha- Sgf? f C t CRttc? f A f a R ? t T f W f t v S f f R R f ? RRfC?t t C t |
jokar) I SAf ftf ^tTO ?f5 fsff^Rftta^ f ? t ? f liR^tttf ff%ft, ljAS>/iAoi RC? R g t t f i f t ? CJptfAf lilt R C f l i l f f t t t ? W t f
t t # i f f Wtftc? >it?'a R ? , ? f w A f t t t c ? I ^ i c t r w f t f t C f mi fCt? Ct, CfR'S t l f ^ f t r o f t f t Atc W f t f f t a t (Licence)
ftftf f t "3 f1??t'S?tC?? Rett 5,ftCR ftTOftR t f ? R t C f ? atAt ?TfC?Cf f t r o t t R ? T f ? CfR'S ^ fsffRf^ CttT
f ? ? ? C f fft? R f C t A f f f t t ftct H I f f A C t Sabba1Lai f f f at^t f f t c t t f t e ? Rf, W R Ct ?jf% RtCSiACttC W?f| f s f f R t
? f S^ f ! % f t t t ? t C f t R A T f . tAt f R t A R t ? f f f tff f R fttrtRCt? f M f t S % f t f B f g f f V f f t l l fttc? t f t n fWAt SAtC
ffts >53R w t t t ? f sf?tCAt f e l S p f f ?Tft W t T f f f RC? f t t TO S f t f Atc ttf?c?, liifRtai c t t t i f ^ c f t W f t f t t a t s f R R f ? t
Rt I RC? A ? f t f t f Atft fwttrttt f f % - R ? f f f ? f w ft?t ^ c ? I t f t t a f ^ t ? t ? R t c R ? c r o f t t r t R c t A t t ^ Atc R t r o t
flAATattC?? ^ - f f ^ t C ? ? litfft A t f t c t t ttft fARtCA f t t t W t t ? f 5 f t R f C t ? C f RARtat S f R f ? f A t A ? 1 TO C ? t RRC? S ^
f?R I w t t t c t t c f iflt f t t rot ?fftr ^tc? c t , f i ? ? t Q ? T c ? fttrtRCt? R t r o t f t t S R V3 f f ? t ^ C t t t W f s >a S ^ A t ? t
W t f l f 'jRt^ f s f f ^ R f t t ^ f t R T t R A f t ? S f f f i f t ^ t t R A t f i f l A ^ f i r o f f t t f ^ R I f f f Wte?, R t e R t e r o f^ft^Rt f A t f t t t f t c ? t | f
m's A^lfM ^ (Dunash) Sc?t M ? R f f f i rott f f t ^ f t ^ f t ? liJfft A f t t A t f t f G 3 f f f ^ Rt? f t c t ATTf t t C f ? I
f t t ro Ct, Sabba1Lai-'a ât ^ ttTO tft W tljRt i RACWt CAftff ro Ct, f t t A t ^ t t ? 'S RtCRtCtte >ilttit l i l f t R
ftftf fct? fÂR^tt f f f ?f5, ^ftff >a s t ^ t f f s c t . R f R f b f t R f t l 3 f f T ftea? AtAftt f f A t C i ? wfw iSt?troef ftAfCT?
a t f RItftc? W ^ f W A t t l f i ' l C t t s f R R ^ f W tro RttlCt s f f t f t f tJltCtt AtiilCiit f t f S R t f f f I t t I t AAjAfC 'i|t'4t(^ctlî
w f f 3 R f % T R T t f t c ? W ^ f W A t A t f | R I S^ f s f f SRtttwffftCt? ftffC? I f1??t'S?tC?? fbft,Rf f f i T t R e t fbftRtttCa? Ct R f R
tiff A?tt t r o f R t tc? A ? I Scat! C A , 2rtf?ftCR? W t t ? a}^ t ^ A t , SAt f?R ? t ^ steftWC? tit*! S g RTCt?
fsffeRtttaftttt t s f f ? f 5 ' W t ? f af^ftf R T t f 5 ? ^ t T O ttttft f t f t C t t t T a f ^ I ftSRCRCA C t t R f R a f f t R A t f ; t f ? f R t t t t t
^ ' W l ? f ^ C S W ^ t A t Rf, RA? f t f W f T O ^ C W^ft ?ro?t's?tc?? w?Tt?i fSff^Rtttafftft f f f tfS I S ^ ft^tctttj
Atl a f ^ f t ' W f t f t r o ? f ^ AtCR'S R S ? S f f t f t f f C t t f^
ftlRf fct? St? tttttct? ftw? <a wftfR ffb At tro SAtCt? w g f t R ' S ttl a } ^ ? f 5 ^5t?t f f t t f ^ I t A f A t A t
'ff' Robert Guiscard the Crafty-'il? ? t W f f t R ^^7 I r ? t f ^ A ? ct, f T t ? r s ? i c R ? f&ff,Rf f t t r t R c ? ? T | f t f t ^ f f f
t t R t f fttlTfR
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Contents
fw gm i H m I wffis n CT, wtim? fm i f H l f i i fiu Sit wfii? icuicuu i c? m n i t i va

itwttwn UtHl t?t? imt? w!? n ?tt, w t ? Sit m iui fsfintiiwci w?m it?a? f i m Sm ifli i?tu
itw^wtc wi*(tvb?(;ii? wtim? fiieîtt i w?fm wfifi if?e itfie? Uiu t n ^ t i i t i ifie?,
itci?wt 1?if?1Jt1? ft? fotfw iH?t ^ f i ? l ? ffi mn?' i t f im cit m iti i?tt!cit f t ?
UWJ ??f3' tnteS? ijf^l its? Constantine the fiuen I f i f v f l t s f i iffi fii fiu f i n im caf?
African KtC4 mt?T m?? i ??tf 'stwt t 1 t n fifif fi?? I ' i t f i i ' - v f l ? fta^ wfuus itcneuc ?m fli n t
itc I t l lf??t l t ? t W t c i ? n t m f l t n S^ I t i ntrtf^ Sitei ?j?m iHc? i S m utft? wfii wf
imtic? Sitfi I C ? ? I fit? wt&it? Sitfi ?t?t sfiffi 1 ? wnten icu wif^mm it ic? i imtjtf^ im imf?
c?,'Hf?m?t?tci? l f l i m ^ flcn iSc^ ci, i>i??t?t? i n 1C9? lift fium, f^f? icq? i i m n , m f??en
fll S ^ - i f % i wt^m? ?tw?if I c? fit? 'Wt%1H' Sitf?? i l l w?en (wrMimc?? ifts ?tm m i ) ru fien, wtfitfii
w < lit ?ci c?, ff? wt&?1? wfi?tf f|ci?, ??t ff? w t % ? i ? n itf n Su fMintit?? f i m n u u wf v s i f f f vs
nft ^-Hcin? l f l i i f i flci? I fit? f i w itit? f??eUU 'wt?f i f ?fiufffit i^c? n t f u Pisa)-vfl?
wtit It? c?, ffi wen c i i 3 1 1 I C ? ? I fit? c i t ? ? n f ? itif ifium? Stephen U n wtn h i t , fifi n
w o T s l t l i t w i ?r?t fu? S^ I t f t ? iTt stilfi 1 ? I t I ffi wr?iHm w?ft? if?eflcn, Sm itcun i e ? ? (ftiVii^'^
fit? S^ I t f t ?t?t m -flt lilt ??tttc u f i i t c n c?, ffi mm) I Canon Stephen-vfl? S v s ; fiftwtm? fun ^fci
?tiiti vs 4iyc?i? ^ - f ? m fniit?t? ift if?f5 I c? fci? ifuo mifi fll I m i wt?tfiu utfti igf^n ii
ffi f i e w ? imei fiv^?citu nt^tft fiwi it?t? c? irf stf^fl^ liiift U W J M ^fcimiit men ifiufli I uwjft
i f i i t e n . Sit m o nft wf?f^ vs wit^ itft i ffi cit fci ififi! n, cit m e i ifcir3en ift itfitt cmvs
i t e n e i t ? f^Hnt f i u t i c ? i? itct f i w t itei ?i?? fw cmvs U l f 'wt??en tif?-mmtf? f f t itff? i f
titf fiw?5fm ien ut, ??t fitcn f i w t ? mtcui fie wr?s ?;e? i
I t u c i utfti tu? rusf? iHu? ? T i ? t ien, uitr^ f m ntrtfîf w ^ p t i 'ifsH wfm ftife? ^ftf<f vg wmt
f i w t f t c n fi?f& viit f i w t i l l n s f n I i t i lit^fi vflt i t ? e 1 wf ;? TJI-TIM ciiugei wttu
m t i t ^ i t ? iitfii 'Qifff CI I t i f t imtn ifiuen, ie C I , vit^fi? U U C I 'wtium? ^ - f i n ? umm wie?

Sit f l l 'wtf t n wtUi'i-it^ ii U ^ fsfiitit^ f i m i f c i Sc-niftvo n I wt??cn S ^ vsm-fin? wj^ utf ww?
f m i f ' i t f i i ' - n wnt? miu tu i f if ifiu? m? i I C ? nt fmrf? fsfitu f i ^ n Suei wj^ mm vs a m
w t i - u ^ fvsmrrft i i i ? i t 'WTGTJ'i mm (vsv^w^'^b-- OiC^ cicn I i??firei Cremona-n Gerhard W U t U
o\ro/h's>o)-m uf%;i fsfim flci? I ffi f ? ifci fm? fisa wfun ntitf^cn mn wfUen mtcfn ien n t
fkitn S^ filcn iteit Sn^f ien i ^3iien ift cit'sfi wfns ifimi mtmHime? memwn n i m
iim S^ imei? m?eit tim ifft wti-ufif, wti-itft I C ? I utfti wf?tisfi i t f ? fcn ^pnei tS itu ntfi
uei wffl I tm? utfti wnt? Regalis dispositlo I f C I 5? I nmt iitfi n c?, wfm ifsH c ? i fi^mi -?f?u
iHf&, utfti tU? tim U I Haly Abbas UiU UvQU ntfa.fli n t n n wtmc? ifl i t 1 ntjtfên ^ i f i t j
U? mi ffi S^ I t e i t itmm ciei l U f c i if?f f|cn i lit CI, f f i itmm wlei 'wt?ien vsm-fi^ten ifts IHF5
f i s i c ^ ?m u? CI, f u ? ?f5 ifci il??tvs?te? fSfinfitra? iutu cn I U C I 'wtnen ^-fi^ten ^ fiwm if
wrs 'Sif ff funeuu if ftmte? mtft i u n i ?u 9ff5tei wfii W f i i i i t i m n t utft? fwtuuci f i
wuiui c?, S^ mmn umtfi f f ^ t i .fli i vm?-tsien 'wt?f wficn imi cn 1 v x t u f wtnii f i
m?i i f uu fll 'wt?f ru? Uw, fsfintitf f i m cit ^-fi^tcn ift c? mmfii u ^ ^-fi^rcn n-wtfif
m ifci u t f 5 i gfiim i f c t Siftfi i u i t i t f i i , Sitcn m Itcufw ifiuficn, Sus umm wie? ifci S ^
I C U i n I t n ftu ii 'Itn' 'itmr Uw i t m fm 1? I I C I nuftitci utfti fHu i f f fi^sfcn wfficn
wri-mff? mnfii' i f 'wmft mm n u u wf 'sifff iH mvs wtft n nt umm wie? fiwfffii ii?,ifi
fineuu fsHnt icfa mfu wfim i^c? i m wen fsHnt vs cwjtHfnjt Hfim wuâ 'wm i H e n nui^ n 1 Seau
f i ^ ititu titei t n fit? w t i - i t n - ^ ^ 1 ? cjtN i m c?, 'wt??cn uueit f^ ^mi-fin? l U f f ? ifnt fiei
i^ficn, titei fuen fsfint cim ?mm ien i t n fit? i c ? i i i i e ? I
i f lu:^ ?u u? CI, Su ape? utf w w ? if?e Uei i ntjtfên ?nt?f? apft? f i i f t e i v a f m ifim i v s u
wutn ftSi, f i f i ficsf iîiw? fMint fisif m # i i f a Sf5 1 Su vflt C I , fH fif^ "wfif ic^ ^ w^[m citmc?
fien, ' I t f i i e i ' mnfi'-n Si? cgt^ i u i ien i m i ?5F|^rten Sue m i t c?, if^sfi m m fiw? atftwt
tntf fiitem
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Contents
ado
ml I ifltstiCT'mft m r itc f tm mT vfltii cm ?jf^c4 itum itittm w u ifftei mû?

Sifttm Su fHm S m H U T I cit fci cms irm icn I m t vs8o/s>(j-i m Nicolas iTn ^s^n iH ufêi
c m vs m?ticii m t t i n M I ii[?iîfci<i icu itum i t i t ? 1 fieifu 'mft wtfic? nt 'mft im i u
f i t uiiT c?u uf% Hi I t I atmtit u n t c'itisfH^ Uic itê? I fH Dioscorides-n S^ f n t n lenH
fitutui m^ wtti ut*iHi fcn f H I littii^ itc ura f l f n c i 'mftc m m ien i larsmf fHfiim
CT, n t T t f ^ tHuHciiCT,fHCTU f m if uHucn, i l l uen vfliH mtTi mt? fnt ien i ffi iff n?tcn
SitwtmHsrg' vg CitHi m r t ifiu uft uHm uHm uuT?ei? SiffHe im itl m it? mntc? i i f i
tmifiuci I m i n, Hii itui finftc3tt citun Siffs itfien
u i S T l f ^ Ut&itm v f l i m m i John the Saracen nt fuen icu Hfi w f i i ; S<titei? fH n i U i i t n
Uiu Afflaxius l t d mfe flcn I fH UtI-UfifH f t f i fH (fetufftien muu fn^^sft^ mmm, itm mi?-
i c a i m f i u m cimn fw wfm i c n i v i t i c i f H S ^ i m f?vs?tc?c? Uun UtH I t m? nt Sm iei f i
icf? w c a t i m f i m fiien m U n t i lU'S i c n i m tu vg f ^ ^ - f i m m fin mfii ??en ^ci's
S m I C I itmT w l 'mft.f&H'tu f i m mm m w i f i ? vg H I srsfi n i S ^ - i f n utît? iti?if
ific U ' f n 1 titu 'mien f i i t ite cit m m r fiuufm im ? t w ? f ii?u?tn n? wf? i n v # n -
m ic?, citm2Ri Suen I C I T v f l t i l isH ffît^s fli ^lciMHC<i' f 5 i ificivs ffi ufSc?t Su T f 1 ien i S^
m t titcn untHi ^s s f t c u f i i icmrci m i l ifiu i i t f ^ mmen i i n t i t t i " t n fifim ?Hte ufntflcn n,
Ûcii tm i^fmf cn ?5n u I fif tm cfuu fli vît n,
Ciei ^ fH-i?ff s tntfr rnfi-ifen S^f? t m t i mff? u t ? mm n t ? T f ^ - ^ m ^ i t
f : i f ? 5 v m - f i m n i m ^s iiten i c i wti w t ? f n ' ^ n icn I
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f^t?fe H f o fli I S ^ f n ' ^ u n c i g fli i f n m f " ? wfiitft flcn i f m f f ^ Smtt vg <QI; fiucn fcitflfi
?T%f vs ft? f ? Ufcn i r m t e i ? u i m lift i m w t ? s t m i i i t UfUt t n i f f ? ! I fH tun? Sora ^
i i i ' # ? c n S^ m m r i lUne? fiie? n t i??fitei Pumbanditha-C U?ff Ufft fin i f ^ ^ l - T l f C l ? f i i t
S ^ - i f % i u t % m wttu ic I fif d n S^^ wrcmin Sm fk^ u m i Siccfi? ci?i ien nt w? uliiTf m -
cfn m fi^mr m , u u m i f i r f ? 'mrg'i-muen i t ^ r f ? lfl imtti ien i Seû n, w ? U l i i T f t ? t c i
itnmci, ? n Su Hw vail^c^ i ^ vg n t s F i i f f i t u itt? i u^ftcn I C U i f a n m?ii m^ wt m u m cuff
f ? 'mff'?-miten S i n f e n icu f f i UfUt i m I C ? ? I v f l i n Ufitt, fit t n n t i (Enoch) u n
(Hasdai) t n t n l i t n Ui?i (Shaprut) [f. vsvbo/feHo] wCn U | f m i r f ^ m I C ? ? IS^ u*[ ?Tf%ftei itum
Un U f f f v s f l c n I fH "si; f?ten i m i n f uwtn m ftitn f i i F c n wu uH? ?mt ^tci wiifT?r fuel
flcn 1 i f l t 'mg'?-mm m u f ? itgfcwT? ufti f i e n ?Hu c-m itu m i I m c3Pten f i i t fm cn uHu
l f l cuiteui ftien itc? f u c i ?T?m i e n i Sesu n, fn u I m i fH u flcn f n , u tm cun m stT^H
f l n i c i t i m 1 ^ ?5i5Ttf%i-ii? i t n t f ? f n i vsvsb-/s>8s> f l l nf, m fm nei u fli fîfi c f n i UfUt
m u m f ? itftewT? v u f t i f % f i f n i itifm c ^ l e i i fuel I f i i ifiu itu mm if?u cn i msn fH u^f
iffiHiei? c?t mcB? i w i t c i t u m i f m wu fif^ ?i i f 'tifi' fin uen ScRfci n H muu i m i if?u
Sictti? ic^ utcn I Siccfmsfi? icu f u fstinf finft vstitei S m i m H ^ ien i t n ^ SumH'wts ?ci?
Dioscorides 1 ^ ?f5 n i t u iHm w^Hfivs f n i Site fH (UfUt) c m im wtfien i f c t fitcn itifm?
c i t fci i ^ f i v^?tfic ?r?i m-mr? 'smen f i n i fiH-Hm, t f i i i ^ wren m m u m wuun m s=p;
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m , i f ? ^ vg -susen ^gmt Segln Sitcn i i r m U H T mfi fimif f i m n u t ? f ? m?i? wtfim w u cmen
f^ntm Scfifci fif^ ififsat iHe?fi fli i i f i t 'jHititm Ufflcnei unten u^ffen f i i t itueu? m?n wiutc
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tr^ T f t A ? I w t f f t m t ? Dioscorides-iil? f i % f t ? 5t?f w t a j t s ^ t A f ? f t f f ^ C?tt?Jtf?Cf c j ^ f f f ^ f f ? ? t c t t t ?

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fte*tfTORt?t atfte?? S f t t -a t t ? - t t ? v 5 t ft^R t f t t t e t TOitt i tta. R? i - s . ' b H - i i o ) I . i i A i # o ftft csmff?trt fftCA-a liff ttRt
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atfttte? ( R t t . R ? R ? ? f t ^ t f e l l C ? I aflSft SftiTfttn? WtRC?? W f f f t f t f?CR? I S ^ ??et? a f f f M t f f C ^ t t A f "R-
i(?# ?>5 aplt l i t t ^ c t , Sîe ftft^ affte?? S f t t iQ R t - * 8 e ^ Wt?rtf I tAf? f 5 R f ? ? f ? TRtc??tA (Talavera) tAC??
R C T O T O f G3fftft'ftfs ^ R t I S^ SftjfftrJtftTOt lilfW? f ? f f t R t t f f f f?C5fR I fft 8AA/i>oioo RC? CRtfC?t
Linnaeus-iil? f e t ? f e ? T j f f ^^te t t e ? R t t i # ? f ? t ? t t f f t R f C ? ? I A t A ^ f - W t A f f ? Cffai Wt^ tt?'Q?t? 'Wftf"R-
tf? ttft?t? ftfttTC?? c?, t f ? '^t'^t ftftRtftâtft -a R t f f f f & f t s R f f t f t C ? f f e t t t T t f t WW? f C ? ? I fft lilf RRC?
R t f M e t ? t f t A t R ' s ?5?t ?5e?? I ftf t A t ? ( R t t f t A t R atei? S g ? - t f % t W t f t f t t ft?t CRttc? f f f f i R f s f t s R C f ? C t t t TOft? i
RAftR lilt? tt^sRt t t ? R t I f e # g 5 ' f t f SfttT ft^Satf fteftRlR WSt? fft ft?tC?t t t ? f C ? ? , CRttc? f t ? t ^ W A f R f C ? ?
R ^ ? R t ?t? ( R , ftft ( r t ? ? t % ? ? te*u S%Tft?ii? w f f t R e ? ? liiAi C t t RRC? f t ? R f R f 5 f t R t ^ M f t t e t f f e t t t t f t w w ?
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afe?t t ?e5 t?t? ftt? ^ S ^ - t f t t wtft?5t? Rttiet i C t t RRC? R t f t T O t l R t f f f ficsi? W T ^ f - W T t t fWlltî W l R -
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W t R - f R t t ? f f a t A W t A t t R t f t | R - i i l ? RtCt S i S R ^ t f I 'Abulelli' 'S 'Ebilule' l a t fRtiet f f f t A t t i C A i t r o
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t t R f f ffttCft?
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HHnt-Rvfeif ftiiw Worn "5i#Tt? wm u i m i mitHi cmn ?wifir? i t ? u fn 1 n u f itci fvsitiHi

Hwtn H H tftwt-Hftwt um i fm itmicn i i i i m w fun? fkitnm? titc wtcu
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wtcmu vs wHm ^ w?=tiilf w s ? HH^ 11, u?fT vs i f n wt^m fiicn i m f i u ^ n m n wfii? i n f i m
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t n ?twttn f m??-'fl? m i n sme? mtfn' mre? wm im mumi m t i g i S ^ m ifim s ^ imu
tf?fw wtf caf? mmm? mifn fftH 1 f^miiHm fn I t n f i m i i t c i ifien n , ifm v^twu m t m m t ?
mt???5f1 1 mimi cmen vs m^^fRmm? ?jfme? c? f H mgn?stiti ien n , ' m t n c i m i liitic^ttci? fim? ?'fu stun
ifmm, xtfrn t n ?tm?i? Smrntm S m fmmtfim m t mms vs fc?f m ifimti^ u ? m ifiuen 1 fH t n i f i c i
1 ? I Smmrwt vs itmrfi? ifm mtf m'f ?-vn Sm?m s^ iHmul wftim fsT iHm lewi vitlic^ttw? Hm?
mitfsmm mmtie t n f m n m-cmn itc ^ num n u u i f ? n t iHe i ? t u < fien 1 s^ iumf?
Hf?-mjtm itc ?mm f n mn iHc mw? n 1 ^ i m r i t n u i ? vflfu^^ften f%m? v^tii vflium urur i f
fimim fH vsHrsfBf? mtfii f^mmm m?i ism me^vs ? n r ifien, um i f m mr3 nsfs ^ 1 m n Sir
m ien I Segij ci, c'iftt vs ? w l % r fiHill die^fsf? I i f t i A g f i ^ vaHrsftf? fim f ? ? n n u u wifst? utut
m'^fH^ f^mmmei m^ vs Hiiitf ?e? if?m stjrm icn 1 i c ? ? ntu I t i f i i I vflt i i ? e i t n ? ^ u f i ^ itfiien
tn ft? tn, mft^m f f ? mm s^ f ^ i t m fiit rni-iiHi (mum) un fiut ^ u cici? mf,
?t?isienm'fliei?stHfn'm'iH vsiit?mm?se?i 1 t n 1 ^ vflfu^fsen mien m f i i ^ fi?euu mum 1
m^^fiii t n mf? (f. fttsft/iitsv) ??e? t n f i m meim tm Sv^ iuif ifiem f?itu f n i c ? ? m t m n stmfi
cifs m tm ?f flcn I UtH? mtfiien f i i t im m? 1 ? 8 (i) iHff vs fin muff I mtm s^s? f ^ m
A v e r r o e s i t ? t m I fH ft?tm sttam I t f e n ??fn
im cmum mfimf nt iiitm mtflft fif^ fiien nrici
flcn i fH n H S^ ??ei? 'stfi' f|cn 1 fH f i i i vs ti?ici ffimtcn, S^ i f fuen mmen wu ? f 5 ii?tlt^ 1
fsHntftra f ^ mt ien 1 asv/mo mn mtmm ?n? ( 1 ) i?3i leium? mu i f 1 Su iicit^ ic?? f i m m?fw^
??e? fH fsmiHm ffl?en mwmf neme ???tm icn I
mntn ? f 5 1 mten m?m vs. usim fiuîimn m?(
m s t n f I t n t fuel m tfim itm m 1 fH nw?
fli, Su fuen i t d ? Semei ? f w it?lfli 1 (vo) mtfw^
mfiii flcn m mti-itmf t n f?t vflt^c^tt^f ? i t * ^ muif I mum vflfie^ften fim? m^'f fimfcn fit
f^mmmei c?t?iei vs c i t ?JTijm 1H1 ifim itfien, fifis 's?^ n e ^ ifiiivs mu I t lf?e i t n ut, mtfw^ *flt i f
Sitei c i t i i c i t num 1H1 Uim uen 1 fif nnf tUen l t d ? w u ?f5.i S^ f?uu msg i f imrapfii
ff? mwtifn f n mien mfilf flcn, t fH vflfuT^fBf? iil3R f t i t n , mm fifii iitn?i*it>ifci mmi sti#i
mffii f F m m u e i f n f fvsmrtH? immstcn lelm ?fi?ic6!r- iH ^^c i t n 1 i f f?um mmi ? m R m
'mtftui^s? lfl mijmOT%r umtm wusjf flcn 1 'm-mmmt?' u ^îg?, 'm-mfveit' u i?3i'm-mf^n?'
muu im fiw? m f ^ f^mm fiten ?wifi femmm U fg? vst I t n mffi itu U e i I
itc men f n f l i 1 i?eme t n f i m fitei fiten ftftfe/iivjjvo m fvamfiH? ifit 'mt?g'i-f1i? t?fm
mtn C i i i e n 1 fvsuiHi ifm tm fiit wi, f H i f i e i f m fst mtf I f f ? im fifHf?^ n I mtf u'f n ?
imH tm im wtHe m 1 ifm wtfic uftcn, f ^ itnticivs t n ? ^ f ^ mm i f f mtffu fcui-fHu
H fiiwisei .îlic^lti c n i muH m if?e?, cit itei I t i f ? e uei? I fH n ? n ? n tuc?m nft? i t f
Sitei mmH ?fiu m icn mim Sitei fft m m mf%f fifa; n I tm ^ ? n ? n fH icmH it iHu itum
itc mHfstt Uiu m icn ? S^ ntiH stcfl t n ? ^ l i f fif^ n I tssfei im fim vs fimn^ v^ vflit m
fi1tu cien nt t m citms S ^ fic ilficn m 1 tUef i ^ flcn 1 I t f Itilc? t n ? ^ I i w ? ic4ii> icn mfimf
ifm fitci ftim fim ScRtci vît fium f?f%^ mfiici? flci? ntfif^?iei ? i t m n , vflt i m fH mt?
imiu5i n e m mcimr iHcn 1 v a t i c i ifm m m fi?u?f itu wsm ? ] ^ i i f i e i 1 m i c ^ nu m n , i^t
tntf fiitem
t.H.
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m 9|t(i<)H f t f t t f n W R - R & t W f m f S i ? % f - Iflt ir?ei ff? citiuf? i t i v s u n^su Sfs u n n ,

fitfim Snm? f t I fH Iflt fct wti-mrn cwm c? tf?smf u u n ? cm fi"*ic^ Sif itucn, Su ?imr tu tu
i m , Sit?imFi fif wojfn vs ? T f t i I t n I f ? wsfi vs wtf? fi??i?fwctn^'^?H^ wren u,titen 'wt#tu
ff ?nf i m , Sun? ? ? j itc m nfRt stf itc f i f i Hmt ite fii? I vflt?\t if? t f ^ Hn m m wfiifti
f i m m w?fit m i ^ i t c v*f? f???i I t n ?^f<ici Ufcn iftt wremu i u n ?ei i m t ntu n i n
wmt wf ? 5 ^ ?tisft mfHi ?t w?itfn fbvaitii ?H?f i f i - i U i ffic itn u , S u UU liten if%^ fiuf%
wfft if?c ttf? I n?? mff?i us?t tm Snffrvs fif ?t, wffgt fft i v s u Hft wu fii fft? i m u ut i vfltii
nt fH ct f m m t f ? mff?icn ?fc? vqf?c^f5f? wuifn ips wiei, UU f f ^ ?iiten <tifiw w ? f f ifl?^ u u
?tiHi f^?t?t c?t?ict cti i?t itftci, ?f?tn t m t ^1 ' I t i i ' u fiu iien ititeut wtu m , t m u u f (?)
niTt vs f?c*t?? i m n c^tt ifntcn i w ? i T f m Hw? lilt wf?c^ t n U i ? ^ ?fi?t atTiui? ifiuen i fm
f i t ?'fmH f ? f i iiti-ftf?.it?ci fitci tm v f l t s R i ic u ? f ? fH m ?ie?5t m ific ifn i n wu
?5i3fi fnttw Sif i t c it?tci, c?tsfi m c i i i t ? i Iflt n, titei iflitn ifli tei ifiuH if?c
i n f itif?iii H?tsf^ flcn i if*fHi Hftn t n ? ^ flcn itn itmtiuf (?)U?f?"!iHi?'w?iuitenfit?îm
?tnfn wti-fisat? u*fcn i??5'#?c?? n w?iti ?t?t fH iicw im imei m t f f ' i - i t i t f i i f u f ? icf ?<f?r
it?ifli, Sit?t m i I Iflt f?i fnt im c?trti?tc?? iHuen i iwiwn t n ? ^ 'tm nrf5'-iiif u f ?
(Piotinus) i m vs ivsmfitmfis^?i? mnm ??i cttcmtn icf t m iiitf? s ^ 'îfei? i^rin? iUcimr ?#?tcn i
itH is?t f m m i wiHu? fli i Scsu n, ??i ctttîm t n ? ^ w?ten icu ? T t i i t n i^fi ?f? 'wt#tu
stnitcst wt?m viificsfsntim iHf'Htn ettf? fn i Hiten ift uifi fieu^ f^ f??mfei icnm fin
Hg?cmci t n ^spi? vjHc%f5m vs tm ?fi!?i fB^mt m m ftun i l i <'f^?lcn s ( i ) w wie? fft? f i n ; (?) wtm
n n m?i flcn nt tm i ? ? f i i ? viiHc^ftnfcn r'wrm ifcwct ufsH f??u?fe fimt m? f i n ; ( ? )
fnt? vflt fne? tm ^ wc?i c ? f fn i tn?^*tcnic ffr? n wim m s i wf%cf? wfiiif ufim f i n nt (?)
vflfic^fsf? ^[^fnit? mfff?^n? i i Hc?im ff^ ic?ti ufsH I t i n t i flfii wtm f ? m m? i # cicn
ifnt ? T c i m i?t m I f i f t m mr u t i f ? wu?? f i n I t n I'icn wf? iflt n , SifiS^g; fîtiifici u u
uit wc?ci? ifi? uilnHf i f m ic m - ? ^ f? wc<?ei, nt m wcsf i ^ i i u Sfg i t n ?^*fcn fn t n
tut^ f5m-t?U f i n w?ii, wt? tit wciwt wf?i?
Uwt i m ifiuflei? n , ^ 3tcci muf? C 2 f ^ Sum I
f i n vs m i i itcci ?wt vs tu^ w f ^ i t n ui?
m i t m m ^ w%cf? wHiff usu nmr nt f i f ^
fit? i m n, ' f a F ? fH>' ( U i l i i i i Uitci wtm? rni
fifit Uiu Hcii iH?tcn)-vfl? ?H i U f ? u i i ftn i u itu m , ? n t u faiu f f ^ (active intellect) ft
m I f i f v f l t t f ? ^^Hci f ^ i i t ^sn? cgsu i ? i i ^ f f ^ (mjei wtm uc? wfH i u 1?) fifi itu mm itu
ut? vs i5m f i n vs w?ii, v f l t f??n t n ? ^ t n ?t^ m nt t m icu 'it?ict CitH itu m , c??iei nruien
f i i t ? ttfiuPt? icu n fif ifH i Segu n , t n ? t ^ ^
i t c f^ ? cm? ificn i fH m 'wtn ftifici? ?jt?
unr? ffuen 'smitf "m-S^ (icunm) ?m wetwt
flcn, wt? n^fi? fiunt fH fimr ific?, U 3 I n m fim \
" f ? c?m wim f'wim f mr fif it?tci;c?tic? ?fis t n u ^ f t n f *i?ci?t mrt? 'mt?wi' ft?, u m
ii i" fH fimr iHc?,"gtf^ i i t m ? fieuf ^te Hf%c f< vs iftf? cUien fft u*Hifc^? Hn mtu
itn u I titen n H wiiftei wt#i]im i j ?fiu fit? wtemu I U mfft? ?ei i i 3 ? flcn, i t f i tm ?m?f?
if?e?t I" ffsi? icUi iu:^ t n in-'fl? wf? v f l t n, w fifUen I C I nt im t f ^ ^ itinfcn iHUc umi
f?wt? u f i cmscnci HH^ ?f vs fin ? m f&m, tenu w?it im m f ^ f5^?im irltcm mfi tHfS itu
f H ieui iHe Sienr cn i vflt?ict t U fflr? ieUici ic I cien f?H?ii fn cfiTt^ ?wtfm nt f ? m
wit? ?fiu ficii m i ifit fii fiu f ?wi? uf? ?icn ufcn tifen cweai iff? ?4m v^f^cu? W f i f f i tt
iitu m I fiwt? ufcn c?tunt U U ffte nrnt iitu t n ?5fcn 'wf#i-ci, Heiuo vfltw?jvs wte?f ??uf
i?i? fie?ifit ififw i ? , c?tunt n t cn? wsf i ^ iHc ttH u n , fH n 'iiiw? ?sfff ?j%e iHt
uei, u u i f ? m i?i? f?e?lfitei fs if?u cn i um? ituflen, ?tm I C ? mnt tm i t n u t 'wt^-?
U ^ mten fiit iHfii wfimn wu ie?tw%r nus u t iUcmu ite iff? i (nir/iib-i fm t n fifimei tm
nt ieuwf? iftv8 ut, fiicn wu fuun nfcn uicm mei itf f&Hnci? i? itc wutiH n^su n i
irfn w<t ?ett i f i f mju wfm? um, fuen t n I f i c i tm fUHfis; ifim Setci nene tfiu
tnrf Hmm
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n f w tnf f?; mr' ltd wf%fl I U \3 T5[tm?- S ^ - i f n mt^n? u?mii itum utnw u m nt
wtffn fn fnf t m ms^fi mtu? iCTtn? finti? mfn cmnt? Iici? Sun ifit mtmeun icn, n mtf"i-
f i ^ n f i m u I stfitw <mtf!mifu5i?^fnnmtui#? vsufifiini
ufu'mmitn f n t 1^(1% fif u, nt iflt ntn ufu? wu mtf'i-iim 'mtf t n mm-mmt ( f . s ^ i / i o i v b -
m t ^ Simf um u u ^t I ufi t n '^H^ ufmtf mtufi i o i H ) uiuen mfûf fid? i fH UiUen fifit 'mtfiiiei?
f f 5 i ICQ fi^ uH-tuf'm-utft? i t f t n ftnm H i t wiun ifiu? n vob-o/jsJso-ssJsi ien fiei c m ^fiu
mtun ite f i f T mtUu ufuu ff i t U t i i m I ?n fif? ftumci mtm t f i f n emu i u n
mtfm-uifii fiimm t n ^ (f isVi'^) fiHm c u n n u t iiibliil? I l l imt 'mtfi? mti-U?f?-n uss
ii?siSR fifit if? f l c n I tutiu? t u ? wu i f u ? i f ? u ? ?ji^ fn, mm U f i i mtf *i-utm mt icn i fH mti-
S ^ iPn m#m uifiu mui itt cit? mtfiu ? i f Uif?-n wu mti-iif ? f 5 'mtuf ic^ ?nt-i?ffc
f t n utn I u f ? mtfm uifim f u ? ?ifî f u m MM Hst^'i-ff1 u n n u u i f ?nt ien i mti-u?f? t m
Hiiitf UiTstffuf^ flcn iufimfcic?, ff? 'if'iHicn' ilf?etf?i ftfte? titei m itm ^ m icn i H f
mtfu-fiftcn itw flcn I Sn? ts,i< v f l t CI, ff? mti-?l?tf ifUu ntfi itm n Su u m i ntcmm i f f ? n i
t n '^tu? viiHt^fsf? u i f i u vs t n '^tu? vîicîtf? S u ? f???:^ mfeui Sitfi n c?, titc men m ^ i U
uifii fwt?tu? m f u f f l c n i v f l t it?ti iitirstc? t u ? fifi Utuei I m?ciei mti-mt?fm um-Uurtt i i ? f 5
WWM I t f i ? cim?ti i t u ? icmi i i t i i u i? i ic? fit^'i-ffm ifmt mf%ef iHff Uiu ?n fif% n
tutnm i t ? ? i f f i f c i m?M citUa ^fiu utc ficfi n fH Su fiit ?sf?u cn i
cn I titc ffi mtti ? n ? mm Sv5?-if%? mtHmn ^fiu cmm ifliw? iH mr^ "Su? mtim t n u??rw (^.
u ? I cit mum ciunrn t n t t f (?iff) i f i t fin 8ii/iov5o) mti-Uifcn itn f t f ? ftiten ilfw? flcn i
mtancn f n t i c n i if? mtfm-ilfim i t f f cntif C I U mti-U?f? titci uw? fitei i m i i i f mti-uf?
wrvsu?-n iitmrn n f t ? f f u mf i c n i ff? fi^mi t n wtiHm-ufi-n i i t m v f l t i i M^ irfu? ? m
mm' muen uw?tf ufue m?fm i c n i ciuc? t u ? iHe mteii ficn, u u mf^ fum ? f 5 iimfm n f i r
m?ft? ltd iiff i f l t m t m - f t u lim MM m?i ^ ^ u 1 ? 1 t n ?t??tw c?i f i " n H iimfU ?nt ien, U U mti-
tltei fiew? ileitittu c n i ff? fiîm i f i t ? itti mt?fen nsf i? i t n Uftum tm tfitm icf t n
ifsm 1 msn ff? i f i t c i Tti iHu u?ii? ^fiu u ? i u?usf-in? ifit? I f f it?wi ien I
ciueit ff? 'fliu u t i m?fm f i u i if?c fiu f i i n i fifii cmm mtc?iw? iH "Smt t n uff-uu' (^.
f i t ? i f ? t ? f ? fii fi^ mi mj^ S ^ mten ?nf i (?itsfi 8 i v 5 / i o i ) uimfim icien m ""^ftfi? ?tf? i i m f e n
n i t fvsui-ifl ItiH it?fs ^tuci I f u ? Seft Iten nuen mfi itf!tt ficn i fH itu usrnm ' f f i
ifimf? I C U n H ifiu i f i t m t i - f t u - n i i t u ? ? f 5 i ( S t r o p h i c ) I f f ? n H f n im Smi icn i Sit dtiffe
S^ ifif f??iife? nfciffg i t u e i i ifltii w f ? W f i 4 u i f m fm i l l I t ? I m i S ^ M itfe? wu fien
i i t u cfmuf ? w i f i citicn f i i t flm f f f i u i Sicuf fll I tm ' ' l ^ i f cms i^H Su icui icn u t I
imtm f i f ^ i H mtf iutu? fgi mm-?mtf (f. fifw ugm dtiffei umi mnm if? i i?iii iH
8 o v 5 / i o i v 5 ) mr3 new ifif mt if?c itfie? ntHt? 'Smt s ^ nr if?r ? n f ? icui iHc mtif n i s ^
itui ifiu ? n t iHuflcn i fH citn f i f i i iHcn icm? ?j?m C I ? ^ê f#fei ifttu icf i iif mti'l-
m?ji cat iH flcn i t m iH ifiu mti-n'mtHf? fen ifimd iH t n imfmi-ufii tm if?m S^ ^
u f U f ' i - m ? ' ^ f ^tuci I tm n H fiut itfus icm icn I f i f u m n H. m^ i t f ? i?jten n S ^
wtf mrtf t f U t i m t m - n f ? i i t m ?f& i irfuH fH im i^fHici f?f"3 ^û m i ? f i ^ | v s f i ' ^cm ?f& 4fit
vsvoo/h-si mc? c m mr^ 'mtf? mtn? Sncw mt icn i citiff^ um 1 ^ , ufi tite ?f^ fimf vs Siniifi
cit fci ificnci u ? u ? fgm itHetfn i m iHm anfiuti i H m UUTCQ Sff'f fli i
i U ieHr fli u i t iH um-umrf i f ? g m?fm t?fifi mif_ wt'm mtim t n mti-mt?m (^. svsvo/iosi)
ien I t u c ^ mfiuf nt nw? cuu iH flci? I tue?m "mmii
mtf*i-vsufi 'mr?fm t ? f ' i - i t ? f (^. s o v s / i o i v s ) tm fkifn! m ? ien i fH vfliw? fim u f ^ flcn
cicn 'miHilen #?nf?e? ?i>f?t flcn i ifimt t n nt men m?iitff iHt ?nt ifiuflen i tm if?t?f
Uifvsui 1 ^ ?f5 fmmt icf? u u ? ? f w i mtfi-ûfi fuc? Itifi ituei I t n ufium tm tfim icf iH
itcpi? f? fsrts c i m i m ien i soo/ioio mci i n mtf wt'm U t oiifn ifimf? icnft cmSf ien i
t n t f fiitem
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CStJtftfftTt ftttf ^ R?T f e ^ t t r o lilfiSi? fAfft Rt?f

ftC^R I ftft Rtftt!? R f R tttt? fttt? f ,tft ft?? I f?C^ Rt%t? W t ^ f - f l f t t RttRttT t f t WtARtt ( f . o ^ v / i o o H
t t t ? f-sllR' RtRt?? W?Rt? R f t ? t ? i r ? t ftft C t ? Ttt RCt? f t C f ) I fft f t A C t l ? W t R - t t < 3 t t f ? # ( f . Aift/bô) f f
ff??T WttÎfWtf^Rt? 5ft?f RtR I ftsf f t f t t t r%ft WTR- s t f CSIItff?RTt f f t t f R A t W t t f f fSatRfA ' ' ^ ^
f f s T f ? S % WlR-WtfllR tfAt?tlA f t f f t f P i t tJt Att S A t c t A t f Rs:tttf? fc?t I troR?:tttft 's ^ s 2 i f f f M f t
A f t r o f f l A f Ot? I ftft S ^ - t M r W l M t ? AIAMIA ^ftAt f t ? T t f f t c t ? w f t A l f t WTttRlS' (Adelard of Bath, f .
AT? I C R T O f T t f f t t t R ? f f t AlAAT t f T T f R lAttf RtAt? 8Vro/ioJo RCt? f t C f ) f f RTtft? t r o ?itt3f? A t I W t f f -
stAt ?5C?? I ftft f g l CRtTt?t W A f R f t ? ? I ftft <3f rot ffTi^ RtRRttt R R W f f ? t f ? R t t f t e a ? stff?t f^RCt'S
atf ? ^ ?5t?? mi W T ^ - ^ f W l f t f t ? a t f A T f R t - ? W f f A t t t T O lilf t t t t fftft ? M t f C A R I S^ ffttfttttt Petrus
R T t f A t f t ? ? ' W T R - A l f f 1 1 T r o t H i < f t R R RlRt?l w ? f Hispalensis f f RTtf^R ttIA W f f t A t i fft tcRft
f?ff^ At ^tt A t t t t ? I t f T t t f t f t t ? ? '^Ct'S t r o t H l t f t ?f5 Planlspherium afcf? l?T ? ^ f C t ? i f C W R WîCR?
A 1 3 1 t f t t t t t R??ft^ M I ?'Rf (Rudolf of Bruges) RTtl^R t t t t S^ 1 t T t t r o
C t f t ? C^ttf t f ? rot? (ftOft/ii8o) RtftJ?CR R f ^ W f T O f c ? ? mi SAt ifto'b % Basle-c 's i j ^ v cftCR
ff??T C t f t ? f f f R ? <ilf ftRt # A f t a t x ? ^ f C ? R I fft S l f l f ^ A t I Wtf"R-ftfRR RtyiRlRt ? R t 5 I R 'S At^ffTIt f ^ ' S
R t f R t ^ f - W l A f R 'SAt Rtf?t^*-t*Wt3R ^fft' W t A f t f - f f t af^ ?15?T f C ? R I fft W f f T r o W f t t f t f f ? R t f ,
wt^tftfR R i A f lilf rot a f ^ im\ f c ? ? I t f t t t f t ? mm f? t t ' S A l f f - R i f t ( 5 . ) R t A f R i t f f f ? f 5 fARtRIRÂCf C t C ?
t^ms CRtf f|C5T? I tft TJA tf^tC!? m^ R ? l t t R t ? t-tft'Mt t f ? f 5 f T O I S^ f t t M t t fA R ^ ft. f tt% ?Rf
fC?? I tAC? ?f5 A ? I tAte litftC^l'Cflt W f t f ^ t r o 'S C ? t e ^ - S t ^ t f t 5

C S n t f t t f R T t ? f f f t R C t R S 'WTAtCA? CWTrffftAlT W ? T f 5 l f t r o RtH ? i t S t f l f ^ AttiCA I tAIC ftf?RT R t T O
(Astronomy) WtC^fSftt^TO wf??tft tc5# (f. iVo ^^tCTO sf^tf? WtTfsiftifTt 'S f t f R t f l R f Pythagoras f f f sfstf?
ftcf) f 5 f ?ft w t R - R t f s f f f t (Almadjist) a t c ^ S t ? 1ft fltlt? 'Sf^' t?tCtAS f f ? , tftttt Rlft^ft tfttICA I Stf?S^
ff??T 2t1f& A ? I S ^ at^ AtWtW t A t f 5 f W t A t RtAR t ? ? f???aft mm Rtrotte? ? ? i tRt iRttcA c t t s f t ' s w t c R t ^
? t ? r o Wt-t?tft ( f . AiVb-A*^ R C t ? t t C f ) f f 'Wt?ft f ? t AttICA I i ^ t R Wt?t ro c t , l i l t t i t ff%ff%f R f ? \ C t t f C f ?
tro W^jft A ? I S ^ a f c f RAat R A t l f t t f iilt?iCt S t f t f f sJC^ At? WtR-ft^ 'S t f ? f t t t fRRl^RfnR Wf?f? f c i l t
f f A ? Ct, A A t f t c t ? C f ^ AtCCA WttttR? iflt '^tfft mi "5^, litRc^ltSfti) R f ? C f RIA 'S RIAfts f%lf|C5TR, t?<3 fif^l
f t f ' S a}^?tfSf S r o " 5 f f ^ f f t R t C f f ^ f ^ t f f t f ^ t C t f^ I ft. t t s t t t f t ? C t t f t C f f ? f R R ( t ? t f ? 'S f ^ f f t ?
f t t t t t ? ?fA?tCA I ^ RAtCt? ftf%C RAtfACt? Ctf&tffttCA WgftR?M3 îftCfg f i R I W ? t T f S t l A f t f t t t R A f o t e t ? t t R t t t C t
litfft f5S( S t f ^tC tit? I f f f f t C R ? t f f J R t ? lilt f t t t t f w t ' s flAi? S^ A t f ? t fe?tfA " ^ t f ro I
v3 f ? f ^ A t t t ro Ct, lilt ? f f??CtttT ^ C tte? Rt TO!, lilt f c f t t t Wtf"R-flfRR WtA'ttt WtR-Atfff^ ( f . 8Aib/ioo8)
Rro ^ W5T^ f i t Rt I t A t c f f ? ^ 's W 5 i ^ ? i t f t r o f A R l R t f " R - W t f f ARtft ' S A t f - W l R A T ' ( f . fftt ftSfWRtt, R l
C5t^S f f A ? I f f f t A t C f ' ( f f f t t f RAtfAtt? C f ^ AC? f f ? r o h'ib) R t f t ? lilf t t t t f ! ^ s t t t ? f C ? ? I tro ÂTtt?
R?1R ttft5t S r o ftf%t tfS t A t t R ^ ^5lft t t f f t t f f t f t t t t t WT^ ATttfteA Wtfst? f l f I S A t Profatius
fiSAT Attfff I f f C f f g f (Heliocentric) t ? l R tctft? (Meirson of Jacob) f f ^ f t f iro il?lTivoli W^scR?
R?ttCf t t t / CAtt t t % f f f t f ^ f t ? ^ C f ? ^ ff?C Plato f f f RTlftR ttIA W^ft A ? I W t A R t t WtR-Tftff#t
tte? R t t I f f f R R = f ? f f t t <5t c t , t C R f t ? SI?1tt? ^ t?ft?I S t t A I C T C t ? Itît^' "^Rftf? fl%C f f f OSfTtlttt^
R l C t t t C t ? SfC?twft?t S T O ' S W t f t t f t f t ?R? f C ? Rft R t f f f Q f t c f t f t At T S R j - t f s i f t (Horoscope)-'s
St?sit f ? t A ? I W t f S R R j f ? f??? lilt Ct, RlCtttC?? Stt?tWft?tt stf f c ? ? I c t t # t e ? fft attttm Ttt f f ? ? t c t l R T O ^ f f t t
f t t t f t , f ? t f t C t C ? S t f t t Rt f C ? , A t R R ? T CStTtffttTTsI ro iii??,#Ae?? C t t f t t ^ f t c t t t e t t wl?tit f c ? R I
rot CtttC? AtcflR 1 C t t f t t CtC?R?TCSfTtfRtTf C?t f ? ? s f f t t l f C t CSfJtffffiTt? s f f t Wrs WTatA f f t f C ? ? i C t t
A t t l f l t iitA?fICR t?,RTt, 'S RTTft? 1%1? WtC? WtTttT f C t ? CWTtfftfmCf CttrSt ' W f ^ f f t c CAtt R f t f t R RCA I
W i t ^tC f f t t f f t S5[ f f ^ 'S f w t ? t r o t t a f 'S s t T O f ?t?t C t t f c t ? osrnff?tit w t f t f t t f t f t f t ?ft? "ftAtet? -
C t t ftfTCA C t C ? ^ s r o t W t A I t r t C t f t ? f f e R 1 C t t C t t t ft^ Wf?5R flctt, ft? tAl?t R t r o t tf?2tft'S w r o t T t t
t R srtftR R ? t t R f S ? RttC1lMt 'S t f I ttt M l lSfRtf|R mi lilAl ftewet? t t e A T O R f ^ f f t t W f ^ ftCRIT I wtfR-AtRlR
>iAtt f t t ? C A T t T R T O I RRTtt? f t t C A WfCRHRt 'S t C A ? t t "wtft t f ? Wtft'A-ftWtR ( f . 8 i O A / i o 8 o ) R A f f C f ? l i t f S f t f f t l t
AtCflR I f R f R ? Csmf%f^?TTfftraR 1 i%ft R T t i ^ ' S t r o A l b o h a z e n ,
t t R t f f?ttCftt
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Abenragel ^ Alboacen iflt Hi Un iHH i Hfi mteuw?

wtu S^-tf^ W # m wfiuff flcn m f5lif>i?l|ll f i m i i i lic^? *i?5itwtf^
ufuo-ufi n I ffi cwjff^fum fium fmuf'm-ufi' f U S U I fici? cut w?itUf vb i 1 1 citHfefeu i i
wtiurtim-f^ (wT^'-^TÛfi') Uw i f l u u u 'Sff mf uen i ?icu fnuien itUf m? iô citH i wi?fiei m i H i ,
tuc f^fimwi^ vflt^fi? wifim f r o m mfucu usfi i c t ^ - j i ^ vg wsfe^ fmen itut vsicai ifti c i f t HV U I I
w?i-Unt Birth Table mf ucn i tfUU? W f l m f i ^ Seû n, ifefeb- mtl ufe fmut fien i ? ^ ' ^ wtH f i U n
ugu? ( I t H), tf^?n wfim mtcgfc ( i t HO(t) utHcn iffli fn I ifefefe itci fmtien itut fmen mttu
m f i iftun ( I t iftfeo) mt?fno Uniei i wffm-mmm m I untn fifii wntut fmen f i m m i citH
cwjif%fiuf fium ms^H ufim inr mn I iui i f 5 fm5t<['m cUii
ufi' cwrff^fium m^ wm^ wifsm sff i Sm fw utftn
fifii wntut imi vflt n, ficn ligt f m ,
w?fu5 n I t m mjtftirnjuiim % Basle fmfi n i
ftf ^ c?t^m f?f^ ?it?iftii tnti i l l iHccn i ici
sjfuu m m f m s laft fSmiiu U n , w?iu U|f t n
ituti f i i itc fmtiu Wfw ficn m?^?, wtH ftun
fU mtfotm mmrn^ Sim wfii mn i
iff^ ituei I f m n f m ?f%fftu f^mmen im?im
fiwrcn wm n Sciumtu stfm flcn tnt% t n itUt ^ff%e wtitm n t i if?u Uiuen n, 'v^tmn fifii
Uiu wm-fifi<^ wm-mt^'fi (f. 8 j 8 / i i o o ) i fHf-mmîm I t u t ^ ittc ufiei mm muf vnHti imfe cut
tucnm tim f n wfuH icn i fum? i n fici ffi wntm 80 mei Sf< itn 1 'fm ff%ffien >flt wtitm
^ iqim miitm n t fimi fim ufmut nwi f f i f t ite i f ? i H 1? n, t i m ?f?^ f n ?T?ft ftitn
mfin flcn i f i f fim fiiwitim fim%n umu fn i i m I t i f i c s c i I f i c i ? wmtcb-mucu H i i mii-Sf iu
f u u f u ? i n fimi fim wimi-wtcitnr i f i c n i f f i m t n fif^ um? Ufi tnm i i i 'fieen 1 fifii f i i
fun? wgci?u?r fimi-unm ifs n i wisn i c ^ unt cm ic5t, fmti, wtcifim, wt^pm v s n f i m fif^ nei
vs wuntcn urn f f i f u ? fcn fmft% fimftcn icu tntff fiwtm ' B i i t ^ t c i I f n ? n cim nc?? f i m
UiUi ^tc uen I fifi <xiif5 fi nen m wtfim? itmm wie. tnten citf^îm vs nicuirm ^ iftitci 1
ien uu? u i Hfi ? t e n n f n (^ ~ i ?gH Sif nm
fiHr? cii 8 u o i t n fifii mtutlfit nen itut b^!^ 1
(. .v^ L ,..i)-.xi^ diiH S^? i t ^ t I fH Suei
?ieu vswitfif^ ciiftvbHi mm W ..Sitm, tH-sfiu,
f-ituotim i t m f ? wu f i i t i ien i wn fH itum miwtfiu, i f n mtuu, ittnfiu i f H nei f i i m t i U
^snmff itmt wti-f'mfii-n wu S^ ua? wfi?? S ^
itutlfit isu ie^ '^%l?cn m i t f i 1
int i ^ mn IS^ icn ?TfUt iuen Semci fH n u u
iHrn^s i m icn i ^(Hititu? n H wjfifi ^rtti fiSHmrn mfumiff fifii wiî s fienfif^ wuei ftimu
mttcgftc ( I t i i o s i v b ) i t ? f w ? f i ? t c i I Su fw mu? mftim wTcmtm H^ ?fi?tei 1 wi3ci- fintiut
w?H>3 itUei I Montpelier-<fl? n Uff wtn f ^ t e n
, itufifit I <(vg f ^ vg ftf?tf if^ m%mitftn?
iu?m? Su? fw W f i m ite Suei utfti mu? wfui wfim fm: ituw 1 fien i t ^ , fimuvs, mum, mmtem,
ien I iiiiu-n mut Alfonso Suei iimim fU? C5^fiu, tcmeiftm wtemm f i ? , f i ? n i m iteci 1 mm
wnrnicn I ltt ufim 8H UCWJ, Utium iHuewj ^ fielfim iH
t??ttti wm-mtuifi c f ? iwicn ffiff ^^c f?i wisei fmtiU itutlfit i
f t n (apogee)-? f i ^ n fi?Ut i i t f i ien i f i f gfin^ c m nei f m t i u fif?'ûs? wtf%
HH S^ H m ft? iUlei cit? ?m;iei? i m (trepidation) v f l f i m t 8, fimf?; fiHitt?, utut, umtim, 'ft?,
mH m^ mten I i c w icUi i%rtcn i fHfit?'titc leufiu, niti, fitm, t?, 'Hnm, ic^tfSu ^ t i u ^
^Ît wi-if f i i t i 'mn n t umifm-ftw if?mei Segieuu ftiuiu fiim ^fm WtH 1 iflt n cum ifc tnten
W I U ? uen I S^ ?iitum f l i lUiti f i m iH f^cn
fifHiftcci I
I t e i t f i ?ien n H i tit itmrn n e i utn iU? ^s imm
u m n t fineuu ?fiu f f H it^.i?, ? f i ? u i i i wt^mi 8 iflt ntwiei ?u 1? tnten ntcii 1 viit
Alfonso (bbi/iibi^b-va/iivs)-? itntiei i f ntwcn cUi? ti ncit ftiitiu itutif# 1 nfs wntut?
mtcitfi vs I f i i t f ^ ifmum cf^ i t 'm i wuu Sâ; ftvi>% t i f i f i ? I wnfiei iiH nei fmtiu fiitifm
ifitmm^ c i t ? ^mîcn i m fifit itm mvs im i i f i WtH I i n ? nen citiw? ? T t n un t n m ftfw itcci 1
itucii fcui 8 v m t e i cutt f U i tntf iHm i t c i w t r n n - ^ l
De Lacy O'Leary (Um.t.)/5- i t W U H n i f n t f l i 1 n fUen Htimi v q i t m fUii i t i u ^ f n 1
tntf fiitem
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Contents
TNM
m i f m m j%i1% m s i i f i t m m mtnm f m t i itc 1. u i c i f i m 1,18,00,000 ftfe% i,vo1,i'4),ooo
f m m w ? Ss,it mm I n c ? m rnnm (mt "gnTci t m f t vO.^Clt V0,11,febr1 ib-% 1,fti,fe1ft
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Contents
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Contents
ffllfCI? Irfn iNsf 1 ^ ; CIiooo mtlTT itc fiien fi??:^ mtici H n i f n e n f f wfigmei f U m ,
i*[m ^ ficmm fcf wtm ite u u n i v i t t m tnm
xpm Citnti Cltlttl mp It'jf m wfie umf? ff w t 3 R i ifiu Su m ie?? I t m
Itfii i>af I'^-iin citmu n f n uftf fifiti fc^ n f U uen mi^^? f < ifuo
tmrrsf 'TH (j,!^ c^Lî) s utifi fitim (ibov-iboi ifien I w g n tnm m mm tm fiui f i c?t?tfif
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ufien wtuf??n I mm cfflu ffi i i t i ^ i d lenw?
utim fUim fif^ n i f f i f n mut wtufcn nutf
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wufu ftm fiiTO muen wu ?Ttii ifH i n icn i f um tm fi?TO fc^ wuSf"f n i fc^ i?tfw itu
meiei ffi ?i ?ilt vs i t m - < i f 4 i i viii fiut tnj<iiftf imufim wtrnnî ie?? ( i - b i i nt fitc^ ? f ifiu
itu i i Utm fiei win itcn (wtf?rtf ibo's, ^.) i ffi mm wtu 1? I ifi wtci ci, i f wifi? fif? ici ?t?t?fie
uwm itc ?tfcn citmnt clff|ci leitc?? wfim m m f ^ r n i
imufim c?m? f m ium fm? icn i t u W f?^fc??
ftÛfi?, fifci? itii m, ftwf? u f i m vs f?u wuen fU m fnen fiit wtmî iHm n v s nnt iien
iTfw fiien wfim itfiu iten i m u n wfim 'Sim m cmuf fiien fieufim ifie
w8n tnrn m citmtt ?te (wfcsm i v b o j * ) f n l t d ? itnmmtmf?ieîufi, ? f i , c f m n
ufifii i?ctu if? f? ifiu itnt fwm uiwmfe^ cfen n Hfl tiuufif f m f?i^ l i u f m i m m vs
nt.if? i? fe? fU uen umf? f< wtiiRei? ifH i i i m i 'wf?^'i-vsuHcn c?ef cm ificn (wiem? i . - b i i ) i
icn I vflt nc? ttHm m f i ? u um it?uHfm fif f u ^ w^'f citiufc? fiien ift 'Sim m cituf?
wuei fiegtf wfimen n ? ifiu f i i i ^ iff i^cn i n f l l f^ n ( i i m , i - b i i ) I v i t t fc^ wfi f ? f vg
vittfici fU m vs f m wfUf wfimil umtfe?? w?t f::? ?idtn ili? ifiuvs 'Sim m ftiran Hi n i f m
m m ? vitiH f f i uft? f< fifi ien n t vflt f< ^^x ffje wtimn fii'mti itu ie nt fiien iirm fm?
tnff-fiie?n?
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Contents
(fbt t l t l t TO 'AMAtf
fM TO I (iittr? t t R i R tnro stcstm ft^^ f t i titRt? W f T O ) ; (o) CW. TO. R t f t t , History of Bengal, A t . ;
At I TO fttt AflRtt TOTOI wftTO f^H ( 8 ) f A t t t R t T O , A t A f f t f H - t t l t f (t?.Ct# W f . S CtTTO);
-n>|lcu-5I WlftJ f t f t t t#?It A t l R t A f H R t g l W ' f f S t C t f A t T O R f (<t) 'A. 'Ats. R t t f , Muslim Architecture in Bengal.
RtAtAT f i R A 1 R5f& W t A j f t A A t S R T t f t A t t R l W J t W A T t t R l A ^ . Cf. ^m. c t t A f t
TOtf ?t A f W t f TOtTOTO AtTTO fft ftTO (ioAi/ilsiA) I
FIF F R T ^ ^ u . îL.1) A t ? r o f t t r o
AtlRlA f t R t t R A f?1tR t1ffi f f t A t t t R l R TO t t f t f t (i-J^vaft-i-bvatr 1.) I f t r o s t f RfR f t 'WtAf"R-RtRft I S t t C t
t t W T ^ f R TO A M A A T A f t f M R I stAtRt fff? ft?t^ AttWTt
f f f t t t f R l R ' TO t c t t t R t t t t t f t t f t e f M AA I
f t t ^ W f f T O cattt f T O I t^tAtC^t TOft ( 2 f t t R t T O t ) t a ?
fR#tC?t S f t t f t C f f t ' W t t f ' R - R t R t t f t f t c f t t t W ftTO
t t t f C ^ t t t f w A t t t f t ^ f tillctJt W t f t t ! R f t t t t R t TO5,
(tttft ftCR ttAWtTO)-'ift w f c A f f f f f C t R I R f f 5 W t A t f c t t
f t ftc f t f AA I t f f f c t f R t l C t t C f t F w I t T O TOft
R t t f t t f W t t T O T T f ^ t ttC t t W f C t A T ^ ' t t f t t f t f t t ttttet
fttft
tftft f t ^ f WtfttT RtfAtt R t t t f l C R A I f t t ^ t t TOft t f t f % < ^
ft ' W t A f ' R - R l R T t t r o t t W t A M S t f f f ^ f t ftRtCA f t W
R t T O t t t R t t t t C t A RTO A f A t C t t W t t t t f t R t R f C t A I t f t f t
f f t C t C t t R t t tAfCf t t M t R - TO' S t t f t S t T O f t t
f t R f t t t t C t t R t A t t T SfttRt f f t C R t t R T t TO lAfA RtAftTfcf
At I tttft f f C R ''(tTO-TO R M R f t t WtAtftCtt fACttt A t M
m t f ^ t t f t C t R t A t f t f CttAAA caftt f f t C t t i t f t f ^ e , R t T O t
ft 'Wttf'R-RlRtR f t t l C W t t R J W t R ^ f C t t I f t f t t fR?AtRCt
ftRCtt ftttiAt A A '2RtT, ^ ^ Atft Rttt f^ f f t t t ^ Ctt
WtCtlACtt t t ttAWtAtR f t A t C f ro A f W t f RTARTATO t t t t t
t # t t t f w Atc^l? I f C R R W ftttit ftR RtgtWTf^ ^
t t R f t TO S t t f t S t T O f C t t I tro tt ftAfCf A t t f TO?
(ibi^ %) 1
tttft ftcR % A t w t f R t t R i c t t t t t r o R M -SWttCSt t t t
t t f f t t TO R f a t f f ^ A<SRCt? t C t I R R t A f l R f t f t ^ f t f ^ f?f55 ftt At 1 R f t t ttAWtAtC=tt t t W C f t sft Rf^Cf fAtTO
f 7 t C t S t f f f l f f C f f . TO? R t t t S f C t C t t f f % f t R t f f f t t t t
W f W t t ttCAt t f t t C f t 'wttf'R-Rt^ '^CtCf t t t t t TO
Wtftc Rt<f A t 1 afttRC=tt f t f f t t t f f f t t W t , R t A t fA5t=ttt R t t A t f c f tflRf f t t T O ftf35 ftt At (ibâ: %) I
t f t b A C?A I R t , W t t t f t R ^ TO ftttC?t ttCAt TOT tlWtAt
t t R f t TO R t t A f f t R t t W t t t C t t ttWt sttt fR? ( i - b o v s - S i
Atc TOtt ttWAtft ftATSt (ilfft RRCttfB t t C t ^ t AtRtt
1.) f t R C t t f t f ^ r f l S t t f C t t 1 1. i-J^vso-iilt R t C f t sttAtCt
ftCtf& AA I TOJff W f C A C t , t t R t t TO TOtt W t f R t T ( i l f t R srtt ft? w c ^ f s f R f f t t t M t fM M ttWT ftM
TO5 AttfCf TO5 AtWttc W f C t t f C t t TO? ^ t f t f A C f TOTO
f C t t lilt? f t T O , ftait w t t t ttWT ? R t t stfjj4fc s t f c t f
WfSt ttîlttt ttiA t f S T t C f t t R Ctttt ffttf^R ft t # AtWlCtTt R t t t RT f C t t I f t r o t t w r f t t R t R t t C t t WAT tM
fA TOfttf tACt? fRtAt fAtftt fCtA I t t R t t TO 'sfftftlt
f t C f W t T O ^tCR f i R t i C t t f t R tM R M R s t t WfAAtt A t t t
R t t T t f t t W t f t A fftCA (iftlRtCfstCtT t f ^ i t (ilRtft t f t t t C A
tfftTf?R I fft f t t t f C t t s f t ^ Atwt t f f % e , R t t I t C t t Wo\ AfR
tttCA I CA f t A t t R t C t t f t F t f R f^ftffTO ^ t r o c ^ W t f i R R t T O t C f Wfitt M f f A f C f R t t ? C t t R t W tlWltiCt S t f f M
R t C f t t T % R ^ t t t t t t t t t t r o TOT A ^ T J F f ? f i p ?3%tf?C5TA, ffttfMn I S t t t f t ? A f R R t T O t RftfRtCt f t R RtgfSiTf^
AtAfC^ R t t T C t f f f t ^ tttRCtt t f t R?5tA t # C t I R t r o t t ftttit f i t f m t RCSt A t (ib'Sb 1.) I >ilt R t t f t R t t T O f t t
tACtt tt'^tft = T t ^ ft1A ^ ^ f f t ^ t f t R l C t t t f C R t f A f S t f t
RTfwe, fAttRtfff f M tAtCtt R M CAtt f t t t f f C T O I
Atftt CffS" f R TOtAff TtftCf t a p ? W f a R t Atc A t t tAfc f t C B t f t f RACWt t t t TO? f t t A i C t t A t f f f wftftt
fftTO TOT t t R T t TO f f f fAft ^ R t f l R tfrot W C ! t C f RCt
fftc R t < At 1 f t t t i C t t CftwTO f C t f RtR ffi f f t t t ^ f<
fCtA ITfft t A t SftC? frro W A T O tttttc? I f f f t "itflt f S A W f fftc ttCtR R t t I (ilt t t t t t t t t t t R t t TO R t t A t f "ilflt
f < , m^ sftRTff TO? C A t f C A f f t Al^tttt Mtt fMftCTO I t f % t t f CAttAt ^ ftfR R ? t T f '2RtT f t t f C t CSftt f C t t I
RTrtRf^ Atc W t t W t t t w t t R f t f t Ctt mi Wtfff
ftRCfft fM f c ^ f t c g r f WAAAT w t c t c t t t t M AA TO?
W t t T O CRCAt A R f w t f t t t R f t TO R t t W R R t C t WtW tM I tAtWt ro AfWtCtt w M ^TO ttA TO? A A RttM f t f f f
Ttftt WtfRTO t ? Ct R f R R W t f f t A t t t M f f f ? CttfR ftRCtt Atc f f AA ( W f C S T t t i-J^vsH) I tAtC t t t Ittf^RA
(iffWA wM A f w f f f f t t CtlAitt R t t t fftM fftttflCRR I
WATtAT f< f f t ^ fM f AtTO f t W t f t R f f t A A t t
WTO W C t C f t RCt f C t t , t t R t t t t C t t f f f f t R f c t f t R t t fftc - R t f AA I tro tt f t ^ f t t f t f WttfCSlt f t C f W t T O A t t f
AflRf W t fM f f f ? t 2 f f t C t ^ Rttf A f l R t C f f C t f t R WtfttT WTTO f t t C S WtM f f w f t f f W f a R t f C t I R R t CftF AtCWt
f i p f f t t t f ? C 5 = R I ibi^ f A i W t t ^ ttRTt TO ttffflR TOtft (ftttit) ^C WAttt fttMTO?fAfCtt ftt^ f<
fCt? I
f t R t ? f t w f t f t R C r t A ^ t At I lilt R f R W ^ wffTO
t^ft S(i) tCtt t^^tTO, A t l R t C t C t t t l A l t ( R t T f t ) ; tftmRt fM f f f t f t c g t f ^3 f t f t = t f f t f t f S '
(A) CttRtt R f f t , AflRTt tfAtR (ftttf"R'-Rf^t^ftc^t t t f t C?A iilt?Trot C t t R f R f t R w f t f l i l R t f f R t R
tRRtf fttCftt
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Contents
6^8
citsti i m (Hem i'boH) I t i m m imtft wfif I t i m I t m fiifti ic?t ffi f?uen wu?
imit fe^ tfegrfen ttM itiit H f f m i m i ut#t c?i i i n wtifn wf^guci Hi n I
m itit wumi fnen ift if% n t i f i f fifin ifie- ftf? tnt? fim (feii/ixJ-i^sfefe^js/ iftb-b-) I i l l
i t u H I vflt if%?f1^*ti.Ct S ^ 1 5 i f if%cimiff ;5ii?m nt f i f ? Itfen f i i ^ tmici wtfi? ftue? mtitm
mtl m f j f n mfif itnen l u i f fmf f^st l u n n f? f m Htmm wicmi ifici f f i tm f UfH
(cie'tn iwb-) nt c^ ' RUfte itnen eifsfiien m i m itc ? f ^ itu citfim i m mn I cit fte? ffi'Usitf'
ftn nt n i ffuc? mifumi i m i f i f 'îtm fim-n ficgfcn n
t i m m mtitfti ftmten cnfiei mmten mn fH m fifJF n n\ n^n? um c?cv5 n cmu^
f 1^ mm ffi i t e i tm f 5 ^ Swtfiitftei iTt ifnt Siuf ticm int? fin f^Ffim f n i f f i i titci
wtn intff mnten fitmn m i m i f m qtt 'm' ftfte? f m ifiu iten i ^[itm fim cî wi^ci?
sMen m m f itlm f m Hie^ fe^ m t t < i? i f e ^ cum mfnen wtaen wu Scuti iicn i m ? f fii
ntfw 1 ^ I t l m tm wfitffn wtitfi nei wtfiif n (î-itm ci>ci>V i f t b r s - ? cn) I f i f '5iimen fa u'wtit
tnti m itntfti mtl i i i i m i t i t e mtiten mn fim fm cum wfitfcn utum titei nt^ ifici
n fiift cititfift i t f t emt ifte steif i m nt m i f wtiw?ft?fHcm:iewlJt?il?im i w8n'Smfen
Iflitm ftmi ifie Iten i firm t n n m itntft iltim fH tm ifwfen iuHf i m (wmten f ^ ,
lien fiie^ nft if%5ftf citm i t i t win i t c i iimn s.s.i/i<M^8) n t Uics mte? ic?i i m i w?eiei fwiit
nmei fifiit I t t c Itu n (cictn i'bov) i int m f n fiuen f f f ? m wfiiten c^tt u< itei iu wi^ci n t n
iffs it^nm ntei fife tfiit itm n t i m t i Sff? i m I w?ii -fm mt ^m icm m ifiu f^pfiu wtsnen
iei fif^ i m i H^mt n tmi itfwitem fitm fif? ScRfcii cum^ cmmwfitHiiiiiil??im i 'Smf
nt n I cititci fitm m n t f i i-bsv f (iodn ft.) fit? wi?ei cm m? ifcwcn f^^c* i i ifiu cn i
tm ffi n nt itfwmm wt^mtitei fitei itn nt wfmun fmfnt? cncn wu ifH i f n, m i fmen
n 1 tnti m itntft nwi fifi, itif cntiH iw tiun ifituc? ne? itufn i f i f falen wiitfilc?
itmfflem ffi let I t m n itc tnti fim ? ^ >aitm fisfis
i f i # f 8 (i) cw. n . m t ? (iif.) s History of u m mn (ntfiu m , fefeft/iftb-i) i t m i fim-n
B e n g a l . 1 1 , mt Hifiutll 1 1 iitfi; ( 1 ) citm wn
wfiei fSpfim f f wiHim ff? n n t fsm men uen
I t f i , Ittm tfiti, Wf. wtm S f i (fi?rtf'i-mrt'1en
fci fimien m Segcn ftH i^fi n i fH itm s>s> V
W f i i ) , m i t nteff cicintf^ I
fSem iftb-b- m t f % i f i ien nt tuei m f i ? m - n
. CI. n. citifl-f Sf WtH' iffwen ifîf m f t n 'Un i u i? i
^mrtm t?l^ ( ^ 1 ^ ( . i L ^ i ) 8 fSFfim fiwi iten ff? t m i fim ( i o f t s / i v b s s iobs/ibds), Itmt
m I i n tnti fim (febr/i><J-i) cnfi fim ( f .)-n fai fiuen csfit f J i I ul ? ? e i citicn n wfmitei f f i
flcn I T t f i fff wfnei t ^ ien cit ftitei ffi fti ? f n I I t ?n? n ff^ utu fH 'Uieufc ?iH ftn
Ut vs 'Sîtf f i n 1 ^ fifs m ifwtu fiaten ift i m I uuf? fim io8<t/i'bo(t m titei itnt? ftpttn
f c ^ wif^ n I ffi f^pfim Siwtfi wfwt caffi'a n<i Hf5 i m I vflt icn f i n fH u ? f ? citen Sn u?t?c?
It, ifiitfien itmt ifien' Sn fiii wtâmen wfm i m itiwci imm i m i uuf? fim-^g? "^fi? n îtm
cmi ifi I titen iit?rm ffifeA(2-i<iire? mtm fim m fif35 5êi tnt? fim i t n t i - n n itc
wui fi*^ n t iemi witfi ifiit cteii i ifwiu nit^ n n t iici iti'wt-t fumficue m c?ti-'fi
fim s.br/i>*i itci C I C I n t wtiten .îtft inen fiiiH n I wiem fwffw cuwm (f. l U n fwifw)
iimtft itit tnti fimci fc^ wif< i m , fi? ficsit fkitnm fH uf'Sl-itf iocts/ m ^^^^ ic? UUe?
ntfw i ^ i t tftiei iitn i m ( c i itei) i wiii tnti i i f m i m I "fltm i l n t fH mm n i umsuici
fim fitici witu ifie itif n itt, n t t f t i [ i itc wimi ifiu mnfiuien S n i f f f??5mn icst n i
"SFCI fH nfiei Sfiwtit (wift Sf?) cicm itft? (fiH
cifi nfif^ m llfll fiucn itiit? (f.)-ici mw iic
n n I I C I ffi icm? if ifc^ i m cm i m i iuei uue S w n wu iii?i ifiuflen) n t w?ifiei
wuu gt m n ffi uen fim; fiem emu i m n t 'f?uicn (UUU i f ? CitHi m m wfi u m 'mtm
w?-mf? "CS1" (iffi) wisei iitn i m i itft? fim wfitf fn) ifl I t i e i wfttu ic? i i f ^ i n ifm?
i f ^ iU^ ff?'wu fm i m ntw^-mi'ftc "mten (um i o f t f t / mi% i^jsgft) tuu ntfw n tif n
t n t f fiiem
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Contents
(tb(t
1 tmt i o f t V ibs H m SfiwtiT fiftn cmm mtiti l i f f umum? men s ( i ) I-Q fifiifien ftim; (i)
fificiti Itc i i f n I mfrfiien icu tnten um cfui; (vo) f m fiiufen
ioftft/i<b8ft- I C I if^biPi m mt^pii ifmnm w i imu? firfiit if?u Sisftf?en fiit tmen citm? nut
ufiim wm n mf%5f%5 T i w ? ific I t u n i ffi mfn nt ( 8 ) ntweiUfn ,i?t i
mtfTO irfii 1 ? Sfi-itfit' va Boiek it^rftc m mfims mtft euem? W f fiitm ftmi fc?ffi iHun iiueuu
VQ mum 'Sniff mi^ci cimtm? minimi ni i#c n n f i ^ va cuijm fiun fH m?t neit ittum ~Q fHm HtU
(V. Velyaminov-Zemov, fVIateriaux pour servir a itfmfmenwu cfe?tftci?H ituflen 1 citun
L'histoire du Khanat de Crlmee, C1^ fittiU'f i b ^ s fcufi Itmiei f f i l i ?n? ??ei i>>v:>i ' s j f e i tnti
1?, ios-vfi ft ni) I fffi citcn cii 1 ^ <pfi m i m i l l ien I t m i iicn n fH uittn fi^f ituflen
ioftViv!s8i mci itibifi n Itm u< n i wsii ufiu nt fiw # m ua ftHien mnt? mift iei iei Snft;
Hpfiui uuci I C U ffiiti utft itHm f 3 i i i n I iHuflen 1 mfimti ua f i f i i fifft, fiuy? nt Hsm
cuiui umifif%? c u f C f Ut:iic?i*Ji-n ciiuiii itu icfi I mf%f ?m t ^ )Uen meimt fii5f^
citifcQi uu? fiic^ ficgti cuiu i%rt Hpfiu? ma? ilfu mtf? ite n i 'flt mHwt ^ mfff? if?eif%e ffi
ifici citutca? wu m wfti ifif|fi Svsi n i citims? uaftHien iiu Ici ifcl Ufiu f m iffift? citffim
ift itHf< mift iUi ufie t ^ 'Siilff ificw? ifUi ie?i I utitni i?m i i v-tt ifiH c?f^@f n i t m
mc^vQ turn fiui vflt fi'f fcUi uutc Uftcn U i f f i cifm n? mi? imtitn ftfi i
iciiHsf%ci cuoUi-vfli mifu m t ? ificn mi S?-c?ff vitt i f i f ? ieir^ S c R f i n f umum? wu fnmcn
fi1?-vfi? cifc^ 8 , o o o ticu? m fapfm Uftff tU? mfci uu?i VQ i r f i i f fim nt t m i imm? n t n f n i m
u^ ificn I (i?lfi -fsc^ ?m mtUt V O f e ) , .itMm ifiun, cien
vi?t cititi va mmtiun citicn f i ^ uff'S'i-iiff fif^ fn, ficil m f r f i i m i i m f S wiamjei uu ifiH
i o f t b - / c i ivjjsb- mci f : ^ wff n n t un? mufm i c i (i^sm mtut lb-) itl ifiu iieu fim-ifiwi, ftitn
cmtiii ciii]tc9?fiH? i f t vinH mM mgfi ^ nttm tjtH n ^ umn, te?tei fim-im, I-Q frfii f*??
ni" n (Zborov-n mfii, iocfa/i'bsii) i cuitun? iftftcn w u n (Home) ftn, ?iufen fSH^mt, fim
(cumfu) Voyvoda f i f ucn uen I C I ienHf%? nt fiifiuti? ^ 1 1 5 fim tJtfi? ?T?ft i u ituei i
ift ns fia!m iê u t ? ^ n {iobo/ib<to) i i ? i f ?isi? Uit, I t m t , fiu, f??tf? is? mt, I f f i i # 1 , v f l i m f i
'Smff fim iuei iitcij fu? mtfn mtm ien i f i f m iH ifiH? mc?? i m si i n^t nm m mmmfs^ i
v^ ?n?t leiiHf% uen uf^ûs ifiufi tm uftf v f l U i w i nufifii ifium ifin i i tit ifiufi i
citien UU iU^ n (Uen fiitmit? i e i n vft iUw? wmit^ S^ i i f nmf iiit nt tntf mmf mUfi
I t i f t n ' f l t i i U?U? cim cffwU ut s Cambridge I t i t f w i imtuim^ uHîit umi mrnfci fiffS itU
History of Poland, CIlHw i f e f t o {., f . fti8) i citlta ^- Iten I i n micm vfliH Sicitt ifim ?fi?tcn fifit t m f
UUe? I C U 1 8 fit?ui, i o ' b 8 / i f t ffeem, ivuftvo m itf%? fBmfimtiuw cnmfie?tfw?if^'f i nen Sîfuim^
futu u I V Q U i w c?mi-tm fi3!t mirtus fm \ ufîl ntfffii wie? mfi ?i^tjii t i m i m i f i f ?
miHH m io'b8/i'bftv:> m 'Simtf fiien (fiH fuci wHi VQ mism iHiii iHu icm i i t i iH?ten i -
cuft? ittsi va in^t itit itittufleii, cffii u ' ^ , fti, i f i f 8 ( i ) Fact about Islam Prochar Samlty,
i.H\r) ift ^ utui-mteimt uiitcflen cit i m Central office, Kalabagan, Dhaka 1983; ( 1 )
fH wte??vQ m m mem if?efien i Khondakar Abul Kahair, A fVIemofandum to
tmm fi?m u'?m io^s/m ^^^s m tifiii ien i brethren in Islam, Islam Prochar Samity, Dhaka
i f i f ? nil, Uimitn ?ti i m fiu? fnen ifiif 1983; (vo) tnm i m mfiH? mmfinf ifeb-vo, ifeb-ft,
nt fin mteitnm wu i m , i ? ^ on tnii fiui-vfl? Sn ifeb-vjj % ( 8 ) i k i , tnm i m ifiH; (ft) t n t f fiiem,
fiw, (lA, fasc. 52, i i o 8 - b - ) i ,mt ifeb-vjj 1 1 ,ft8-ftft,mff cutn fieu.; (b) tnm
Halil Inalcik (E.l.^)/ itl fttil Uff? ?mi i m mfif? i i e i t t m i
tmursr 2tm % mf^ iîwnjiifn mtft i cUs tfem Sfn f v)st
mtft cuen t t 5 t ? (f.) ifevjjb- ^. vitt ifiH if^ ien i v<tt ^mTtmTfnr (ji_.i ^ i L _ u . i ) % ufimn uwuf, ffif?
iftiUt fu U Q fifiiHiei fifii mew fntfi 4li<j|? w i t m ifiiff ?tw?tffi? m u i i if tu UvsuifiH?
Setifeu lf^ itcivQ mtft cuen itw ' Q I ien nft u? nt i n fn-in, Se?? i u m f ^ mt b- itti, iHmt wfttf
t m f fiiem
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abb
S?r tA? ^ A M A t c ? mi. f f f t AitA??itt niT WlfCRfR f M t f t t l f ? C R ? , " t i M H f f t A t R RJ, M C f ^

I AtAftWf S ^ gtf?Aticf mi
TtAtCf? t l W f C t , vsvs8s f l M A t R f c ^ lilf sftc^ I" f f f stetet? ttwttf A t c R
H A A ^ 1A W f t i r t , m^ A R f f A ? S. % stlc^ w ? f ^ , S A J ? f ? t f t? f?t ?f RSRT Mt? 'a ?JtRlCt? lilfft ?ro RR I
ft?lA f%t cn^?!? i R f g Atc ^ R f t ? S w r d - o v s - ' J j i o w s t ? w ] ^ w t f f t f o t c ? lil?? w f t t t R J tfe f ? t f t
f t t t ? I S? f M t A t R f f t apCA S^ Atc Swt? Sfl?t f t A t t ? tA?ft f ^ t R f M ^ R ^ Rt f f t c f t C f I tt Atc f t M
f f ? t fsff*t?ftC?, I tt=TtAt?1t Atc t t A I t C f WtCAtAt ^ 2ftfff fAtMtet? t e t j ttAttt ( f M ) ttfMtc? f t ? ff?tf?CR?
TftI Ctff?t? W?T i f t f t t f f A t t t ?5?t A t t t C ? ; l i l t Q f t t Cttt lAtCtA SttiR W ? t f t t fttftc Wt^g? Rt ffttlM I ftR C t t
t ? f i sftt i i o ffCRtftttt, ftc? ftc? lilt? t t ? I t f i.ftoo t A C t t WtR?tTt ^ Attt f t t t R W t f t t t t t t f C t , t t f t ^
f t M t w Sc^ SfSttC?, ? [ C ? I fffttt^ <1 f t t t c ? I little? R ? ? t A 3 ftfR t M t w f ?Te? lilt ttWttf t A C ^ R f f t ^
t??tc?? t ? t M ? ? f M t M t isi,ooo l i l f ? I lilt wt3CR CttR? ^ f M f t C f I wst? c?ett aF???ftR ttwS?M

tCAt^ frsf? ?tt f?Rtt tf, ^ A t t Swt i,Hso8 f t t t ? I ^R'btl ^ W f f t t ifffc f t f f C R ifed-b- 1. WfCBT?? RfCR
ttRtttttdT? S^ %tt^ M AtAttt ? f atAlM, A t W t l f t iiPTt?st? C t c t ? attiR C t t t t f t CWtlCtR (te? ^ A t f t R ) f A l t t t WT^J?
M AtTAat ftc? tt^ttR tt? M t Attt Ir.b- t f f f C R t f t t t ? t t ? R t f Ctct R t t M W i t t W t f f C ? ? lil?? a f t e t aftiR R t t M
t t t f t ? r s ? t R ^ f f t ? R t A t t i c ? I l i l t A f ^ v 5 t ê t t R t t t t t t W i t ? a t t l R f ^ te? catfRe% AA I ctt RC^ C f # t ttWttf
^ t r s t t R f f f o S? f A C t t t t t AS,t? t p t t f t ttttlA f t t f?tf Atc f l R t ^ M At I W l ^ t t ? (f.) W C t t - C t R l A t f t f ?
t ^ A t I t A C ? f t f t t t t t I CAt W t ? Se,t AtcC? A8 t t t R S. Rt? Rf? ?rsttRfff Ate f?Ctt f t t t ? W t f f M c t t
f . M t?tM Ctt? t f t iit?s ^ A t C A t ? M t f M fft f t t t t R t f f t c t t C f ? I fft ftf^ Rs^ttf5ff ^^Hft 5 t A t f C ? R
A t t t C ? f t t f t ^ I t ^ f^ ^5tc l i l t ff^lt W R t t t C t ? S ^ lit?? C?tw?J f 3 f t ? 5 f R t ? t i R f e t ? I tRt t A C t ? tfai M
A,AS>(2- f t I t A f ?tt l i l t ^ t f t t t W C ? f CAtt C?tt S t ? f ^ t t t tett A O wtfttf, ifeftfe RtCR fft ttt^ ttwttft Ste?tf
t f t t l C ? , C t t s f t f t f M f C ? S , t ^ 1 Attttat'tlAt ^ t t f t A C ? f R f??tK?t WAT (Location of Federal Capital) f f t t ?
C f l ? C f t ? fC5f f t f t C R t t f wet I tt? ?5ct? I S A R R t M M ctcttM W t f R , c f f i e t t t t r t f t ,
f M w t c A c t , lilt wt3RftMttfct?w?]? wtft ?ttfft I atfttt, WttAf^tt i i R ? S 2 , t t t t t f t f f t ' T O f f t t f t C t W R f t t f
Ctt^tt? AtRfftCt 8 R R f ? f R ? f C ^ t ? S f T O f C t ? Ctt? A C t t t ^ f f ? t lAf f t C t H i f t t liR? S t M ^ RctMit Wftettf
tc? C t t l i l f t f t c ?
t ^ ' f M f ^ t ^ f t t f t tt'Stt f f t I C ? I W C t f ?5tR AtCR W?T Cft? Stf?? ff? f R t M ftt 1 S. RR?jf?fft Ctt
wf, tt?tM t i A t C ? W t ? t t e t W % T t C fttJt t t ^ t J t ? t W t l f f f t t e ? ? R|tft f?CRR CWRlCtR W t f t f A t t t t tt^'tt
t M Sf^ttM, S A I ? ^ f t t f A t f t ?tt? tfttic? I t f r o t t A t c t ? tR I te? fft tiffm?? a f t R cttttft A ? liR? tAt^ Atet
t c ^ f^ ?ft?le? w%? t A t J t t w t f t t , wtt ?tte?? tc?i?? ^ t t M W t ^ t R Aâftte?? t t ^ C wtt? atAt f C t ? 1
s t t f M tf?e?t I tttf2tfic? ^ttf^ f=ti? ^ A i ^ f ? I S r o tAtt t t t R t t e ^ ?t?RtetCt? A l f ? t f^ A ? liR? A l f ?
tt?ttat ^ t t f t l A l ^ f t t f f A l t f t ? C t f o f t ? tA? lilRtfle ?t?RtCtett W f J t t A ? I atR d- RtR tc? t s f t t ? C? f ? e t l f ctt
f f tt f t t C f l A f t t f? f t f f t f A? ?t I A t M t ffttt - f C t ? tAtC fttft? S t e t t f f ! t t M f t t A ? lilA? C^rtAtt,
f t f t C R (Ct ^ C C t c t ^ ) 1sS> C t f ^ f t t t t ( A f ) , ftffCR Wt?AfÂf, f t f t RtR, a t t f M C t t M t T t M R c t b H l t
(?Cg? ^te C f f t t ^ ) A C t f ^ f t t l ? (h) I t ttRtaftfttflCR ctt^tRef ctct? ttwttft t e f t t f j ? f R t f t t t f ? f f 5 ? f t t
A8 Ate os> c t s f t t t t , w t t f t f t C t A o Atc A8 C t f t r i t t I A ? I ARt At Ct, tt'SttRffft t A t t t t t A ? t f C t f f f f C ? liR? S?
t t t t l t ^ f i l tA? lilRtft? t M t hob<to ? f ftc<=1lf5itt?,
tASt M f t j fft <t.Rtl R f f t WW? t t t t t A t t c ? I ift 1-
?ICtJ ^ t A C t ? w t t ? A A o ? f f f C R t f t t t t I i S > H A f t t f
^ AtCR wtgr? t R f f t t e ? ? f t i M f A t fc?? mi cttÂR
t A t f t ? W?t?tTt M H > b , o o o I A t ? R t t e ? S A I ? W?t?.tTt A?
A , i o , o o o ; W t t Att? W A t l t J t (ih\rh f ) iS,Aft,ooo i tAtft tfff^tC?? f ? ? t W t l f ?M CttM A ? I A8 CASpttf, i f e l s o
fs? ttwttft Rftftt ftt A? tRRlRlAtt I t t R t f afwt!
ttt ^ tf^ Sfkc?, tft^s t ? t w w f t ? t i t t e t ? wf?ift?tt
t t f t f t>fblll 13 lAlC^tt
t f ? ? t ? ? f I ttttf?ftC? t t t ?IWttf
ttff^tC?? A t W t t f t t R t t t t t e t ? fttM Wtf? tR I lilt t A C t t
liMtftft f R ?t^?tRffft fWRtt ?t^?lRffft, t t f ^ ?5|ft ^ f t R

ft? ?tR?C? fft ttfftR f C t ? iiR l i l t t R ^^C WW f C ? S .
t . f t t t s ate?ct W?M '^'^ CtAlRtC tAlCf f?t Ct^tt At I
If?? WTte?iti?iA f w R t t wTie?f5i?tt ^ Aftft AfeR? W^%F'
flR I iS>b-i f IsWtgtif ttt ?tSfttf lilRtftftcf R t t f ttRttt?tt ttRtttttt f t f t e t ? RCSf RC^ fft (e?tftR) ft tfff^tC?? W?T
fWRt t ^ f?t A? ItAf t t t ? afCtet? W S t I t t f t t A C t ? S ^ ? e t f A i t t A t W t t f f t f t c f a At Ct? TO? wtf?

tlt^^lCHt AtWttftt t f f f S t iS.8H f ttff^ (f.) R?RR ?? 'a W t T t t I f t t J ? ? R f A M t f C t ? I ttlRtCtt
tfM ^ 5 t C R C t # ? t t W t i f ^ M A ? f t t c ? WtWR f A t t I t Ttf? Atro tct lilt f A f ? ttwttft Rttftt ftt A ? Ctettt?Rt
wtf f w ^ - i i l t W - i l A H f?tft t A C ? I C ? t RRC? C t C ? t t l R t Rtt I
t t R t f fttCfR
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(tbH
tmmnm ft ifiim ^ i ^ t s f i m v f l c i c n m ( 8 ) cst n? n t m ff%c mmi itn nt Sic?

ifiiimilf ifîrfi c n t i v s f ^ i t r w i w t c i t f i n t i ii n itn ?3im im ititei; Sen ftisim nH f?t
Dynapolis i n I ^ W f t l f t lit'infti i f i i f l t mitltCl i f|iT cm? I mfTtm miif? ?cn icm ?fiitci caHâ n,
wf. wtiffil icmci "s^gfiif I'spttii wfttft f t m c^sgft^Q iimt H i t i ? n, wtf? mtt m i f i i t ? w i n,
f m f i i m i mtitfio itc Itfic? i iftscititcitcn fiwti n i c v i s f n, fMint fim t i ftft St tTtH i wtf?
mm-t-tmmti n t m m - t - i t ^ i t n mm iftm, wtf?lift?, ciit?tfif mft?, ffstdf?n, w t f ?
mt tif H i cicn m n t mm-t-iifiH i t n finm n trtH ?Hmei 1
u t i n m item, cicitm i t % n ic^ f^ i nen iicn ifiitf mmcs ii m ' l i Hill 111 m ic4e?n
m H i iHmt mmen mr m? mf Spi itft (Capital I C I mm miif? ??ifi fifi itcei, fif^ mfif%i
Development Authority-CDA) i^R W f ^rni" i lintm n nHm??n ?tci if?f5 I mmfii m?icfif^
n f ^ t e i ifiift m i f i i t vfltifn fifg fMu iîitit m m < 3 ??en mf fifit ?ft?ici i ifev>i) % i # tntmm
ifntci n t citsH n i ^ m ? t fifit iciiwci mif iic? i f t , i H v H mmfii 'jififi n i .
itci I f t mwmf C l e g i i t i f i i mit, fSMn fin mit, fif n i tntmm iicn icm cit nH ifei
mifiiien n mit, wtmfii mit, f i mit (im n c?t ? ? H f ? Hitif, ftic]? t ? H t j , mfii cfn
ici? i t e < n m mfifwji iflitit), fi^ mit tjiH ifiiim fim fimwm mm itcc^ i ? n nfwi i ifîcw
ficimei fifit im itmci i tit itfimen ?tw?if? i m ifimi ?f? n i mitgt
lititmifisfi^tifitT swsHim i m m m e i , ititcf? ilieici, itim-t-tmitm iei? cmc S^ fte?
cm itmm-t ittw m'wti, mrnî vitHfiS, m m - t - tit fifi im itmcfe. i t m cmt m?? i , v f e , i o f t I'fiitt?,
fim<3mf, 11 liif^fiS, i t n w (constitution) i^tf^fiS ic?iH fmti m?ien m 8 o fitt? s^, mH f m w ,
tmtH I m? t i t e n imrnf iiH n? mm fsfu, cm fti cin <3 fimtcn, i f H vb- fitt? S^ i <iit nfwi f i e i m
i t ^ , ftiitff^, ftItffwtitH I meat n ne? iic?? c? cm ft? ite nt iicn mftc?? ?i
n itc cm m I nfwift? ft ?e? nmrn io,ooo cm
tmmtici itfimen ftf mwmfici ifimt im mt m m if?c itc? i iffici? iiif^ mmme i 8 , o o o
itmei I I t e w t vfliint? i m i m m v^n fien ifimt cm nt i m -sf? â f? ite^ citm wt?ite m<3 8o,ooo
1 fifi im itmci va itcci cn m f men ni^[iei cm n t mm itit m m if?e itc? i fc? m e i o o
ft iTfi? I C I itiwi< ifim fifi im m I >flt iif? wen Sf? mift ?fi?tci i nfwcn nttei tntf icmt
i m Sieitt f i H ficn ttirtcî m nff irtHâ (sir ifm iHmfi ^m itci I i m ie?i i i i f w i f i i fim,
Robert iviathew) i tntitmcn fiHt n i f n lem fifit ? j f % 5 i e n wm i f ^ f i i fim v f l i H wtitm ieii i i ^ a
mmci 2 ( i ) i t i t e i ^ n, i i c n mji i m i t i t c i ^ mm itmei i iit f i i t i ^ f n nHrift? ft mm i m ien
i f c i i i t c ^ wiff, i f e i s f. t m fiitntw i n, f f t r lTt?im f f f i H C1t I t e i t m (vedat Dalokay) i
f i i i i mitmtf it^m n, licmt m mft,fev,fti^rnf^si nfwiH fifen i t i f ^ ?]?m m ifimen cfH 'm?en
w t f i I t n n vg fieis n fi iie wiffs, SiHt wH n f i m m m i t i iim?teitttf??tn?iim^^?teit
f j i j I liemt fiiti m i fii sfts fifin ttm i t m i m
flH-1tft f l i mfii fsmet? M / S Eolward Durel
Stone, nemf f i i iifimen cmi mtf mt HHt^
mtcitfic#i I
(1) ifntn nifl (Secretariat Block), mitm
mte? i f i c i e i m me? f i i t i im ititei, c i f t mm
fei,feoo I'ffitt? I t i t g t m i f ? ^ , i H mei mfiH iHm
i?m? i t i ? t m ite- w m n i ifltefi? iHcici f n
i?en ftim fH n t m3^ tci m*(fii fH mf ititei I
() mtm-t m m ?îH? if^mi? nft mte? i ? m i > # i
Sic? vg s f f n s fifim fifi, fjir m^Hi ft? n, cift icsir f '5? Itei tmrnmc? ??fifi I S ? ? i i ^ Semn
filtl mm vso,is.vs lifitt? i tm n t iei ? i f ? ifntn, im n I i t f i m e n i m i t ^ mtm fn imfe i fi? c i e n
? ^ cnm I i m ntmfi ? ^ cnmien cmwm 'ji i S ^ i 3 c n i T s j i t f c n i t m n liim wm tmit?tciva
t m f fiiem
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nft uNRi# cig HiM m m IS. i. %im afriii, ttsrm i m iicn mcsf cam vs usi cuitcUi ftn i u ituci 1
vs W M ? ir%?? ii>ssrtii(2iti ntif? v f l U ? nf iifw? cnitc? icuwfm mim fcui-ffiu i m i u ituci; Htf
Sijifcu ^ ?fe ttm i vsiTrQ Sf^ (mm v f l i i m fc? fc? iffu Sfluci I fim ?j?it? ^ icuwf? cifs
i8-c5 mm ffim 1 1 m^ mmrfff v f l t f i i t m m cift fiitgu fimm -s ?j?itcn wu u u m - t fiuûf?

f?H i t i t T i i I ?fft?f ^ ^ U 5 rnifcitfi c n v f l i t n i m ifin S^tcn viium Hitti I U it?ic^; cntuc? v f l t ??cn Hf?t
i t r ? mf I g ? itc tim cmim? m m m t i ? i?f ?m 1 vfliTc? 5?TtH fimtm?. i??m I U ^cci 1 tit Uft n nen Hff
c?mf i o f t imn ?? ? f t ? t c i , c ? t f ? r 5 m^ i,ooo Itntm wu i ite t!> iis c?iB? mtit?tte? H?tf? ?ft?tei 1
i t ^ m t f m m t c i i t f i c i t c ? ? 1 ICSF? nc? im so,ooo c?ti il??tHicn f^^sficmenvs f i f ^ ?]ift uu it?Tci 1
v f l i t ? i t ? fc?ti-fi??f C 5 f i if?c itc?? 1 ?ific?m5i c?fitc?ti, U v 3 m > ^ <3 f i ? H ^ citn?, i , o i , v o v b o mifim cuft
i t f f ?ffi?m ?j?ff, fc? i f f ? m???ti, u r f ^ , f m c i ? ? i f f , citUi vs Itftn Uite? custtu? ?r?ft, mtc^f^ iti vs
c i i % m f i ? , ctficpH tTtfg? f?j?fl i?t i t ? l c i 1 tim m n t m u ^ wtf? ifei nen ?r?ft ?fiuei 1 nuf fiH^
n f t nHi? f i m t i f f ? ? f i ? i c i 1 ifiicn ifimf i#i 1 1 0 ?< iiciiliti? ijtf tntum
tnmmfc? f?ft f i ^ R v T j M ? f t f i it?tci 1 ( i ) nte? i f i Hf?m ?H?tci 1 wtuf fien ?fcf? f??4tnii wtuf
wt'wm f i i f n i t ? ? s v i i i i c ? t i?? vfl?. vfl. imtc? fiwt?m i ?ic?tfim fifi ivb n? iflum?jtf fi Sum Hen mi?f? 1
1 ? I ?mitm ititc? it?c?ci, itfim? m f n t i c n ' ^ i f i c i tU f5 ??f??Hien wu viit iic? ci^f? ?fiuei,
w?ff I tu m f ? t f n HiH?Tt?? 1 ( 1 ) tittf f?if??itm?i s vnH G i f t ? n-tr/s-vii f i f i ffii f m f i w f 1 Su i f i i
mmitm ititcf? if?c?cit immfi i m f w c n m f ? f 1 ftij fffe fifi I fe? vîium boo cm itf?t if?e
tim n ? t?mf itis f ? c i ? ^ fft i u n t t?mff n t e w ? ite? nt miUt itcci mitm mte? itumci c?it?
Stcuf mtifn, mtuHfi, u^îHi, iflî, tiHi, u ? f n i f i i - < ^ - i i i w?ffa I f l i H fitf?.mii ^ 1 i f i mtei c?, <iit
vs c i f m m c u c n icuw? fitim 1 ( v o ) 'mmn tiu? few? (u t? m tm ft 'few?) f e 5 ?fiu c^n f^ n
fiifiutm? s i i c n fwcu i c ? c ^ fiict cnit? ^ - b - i m if??tficn I fieif fimfcn men c?f^ ftt?fi liit
m?ff I u?mi c ? c n fiHum t ^ mmHi? uffc ?fi?it ifig ?rwei mtfiu uci? 1 tnten mncn fc? <iit mii
i t i f i i i?m itc fMt G 3 f f i w fim m i f ? c i t c ? 1 muifte ?e?t c?t?i i m fn I
c?fi%m i^rfc ?mc? ^ t ? t ? i f ^ imu n 1 f i m f t c n w u ufimen f n uwnf tntmtm^ ifu Sfkci 1
ic?tw% ? t i 3 i f u ^ f i i i t ? ? itc ? ? ? ? i i I U n I c?f5? v f l U i m m? emeu nsft v f l n v s nj< n ut, m ifimt
viit5-5-vfl ftn I U ituci mt*if?i fu t?HftSt 1 c n u c ? ?mtf? itci fiue tu vfli^H fl? vs mtiif? iu? iHi
'm?f, mft, ftft, f f , ttuf, luft, wm, ftu, w t i t f t mte? I
tmtfi tu fim CIMSU n 1 ififf ? ( i ) f^'NIii f?tn, Islamabad, Directorate
uwitft? uifiiicn fSfint ^ ?icfj? w u c n f S ? f w - of Public Relations, Capital Dev. Authority,
br/v5-vii i 8 o v i i ? mmutft f i f i itcc^ f i i t ? itmiimm tntum iS-brvb f ; ( 1 ) Trekklu the-Margalla hills,
i?c?f^ I viiuc? mmitm?, c i f ^ c i ? ic?w, f i umitm?, i ^ C.D.A. Publication; (vs) Parhament Building, do;
mn, ? H c ^ C U i Um?u c ^ , ^f m?itt?, f?tc?fti (4) Hajj Complex, do; {(t) m t g i ? m. Friends not
mmitm?, m?, u i vs iu? G?tcn fSfint fimi, ?fc? Master, Karachi o. u. p. 1967, Appendix no. v. 1
fsfint, citft U c ? ? fcHnf, ?ttHimtwtft tmtfi ficn fSHm? m n m
mtmft mtmt fimi fifm itccii vît i?c?tcm w^t^ ^ m r n w f ( J L , I j.iL_i) s I f f ? Sijm i f w i - f i
i t c a c i mrtim tmftftst w ? ciHiifm mic?cn u wtf? unci fiim if? f e ? v f n H ft?, uu oo-8 < S ^ mmtci
; f^fintfim? tmftftst I nt <^ft-f?-,ufim mff 1 viiue? m ? ^ Ui (.î-_,.-, -.i)
wtf? # t nctt^ ?tw?tft? m? c i g f c ? m?ff 1 vîu? uen I f l i H f i mei nt vît mult iflt ft?ei m?^ U i v s
^c tntum miwifn fim m , cam ( ? S i n ^ vs mr ?u 1 ? I fim Ulfm-'mtHf? (brio/isii^c b - i V i S v ^ i )

t t f ^ T t c n muif? cuitcui ?fimrci 1 <fluc? f i f ? mHfî iuii imfe fmf u n fte? ?n tntf ifit men
cntifi mcus wtf? vs mt^wifn c t U f i vs ifiwcn ?j?ff ien, n Sm m tntum ufiufien 1 mifii fci <iit
? % t c i i wtf? c%f?tcnmfwm: c%fm 1 tniu?lcn ^^cn m mi t? fiut fn I ?m ?nei uueitwf ?iu
lilt T f f t mcit^ Hmtci ft? iimm i m ?sf?cci 1 I U cutt imi vs itfiu S , i t f i ^ U Uei 1 S m fi^ctt
15, u?nHv3fgf%ftu?i?wu uum-t ?n ?tfu?->fl? ftfcn mm ( j ^ j L ) uen fiut i f ^ s t 1 mtmti (j-.L4î)

i t # ^ mm f i f i t i?t it?ici 1 <iit ScHfcij c i c n m u i m u n ftei mut wnrf?-ifl? fiut Uitn^ fium I
fiêm
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, t n t f n 1tSi:?5*R IttlTC?"
Uflft m f ^ f f l ? w t m ? (it. IT. t.)/ vfl. n . n . ( S H t t l n u i m ien iut fit wm 'mfi-imn ufiuft,
Wtm 1 1 m*'iti flcn tm fcuu imi wm ft. ufiuf nt
^MRRSNMT (jl>i ^ i L _ u , i ) s m i t r m m c # i ^ g w t?ii icifif flcn tfffim wm f'^'i-tim (f. 'mî
vs f t f i l i f f , ^WTM 3i i n t m i f i t i i f n w t i n f m i 1^' I t n fiug, ifev^v f , f. v^-fe) 1
vflt 1 t 1 f ? 1 wt n (5. 'B5ftl) I iflius m f i cuit??i nfeen u ? f ? f i i t i ?iw lU^
IgrsftHf^j ^ftswim mt?Ttwr ( < ^ i L c . v 14^^^ 1 n i t I cifie^ vs i^^tm ciietn^ cwuc?i leiti f ^
j i U u i j ) s ifeift l t d ? I t r I t s ii<2fsitff i t t i t n i m t n ? n n t i f m mwfiiei u?fi cuit??iei 'wtf? iifw?'?ici
mfi ?@iifi i?f 1 c i i "5fw5? ? i i t i n w ? T t n i w t f t emu ien, lifwen ?cn unt^ utcn fiiten nt
?3f??t litt u t S r ^ iff IC?? I '?i?^=iCTt?5t??ic i t n t f t ' nHfcn Citm ??cn?stw^mî5f?m ficii c n 1 tntfii
itScsicn lUifimi ifl. est, liii. i t i f i mien f i m
n t ' t n t f i i 'flitcvsft' I t n ?5tfi ^ t f t I t f t ? f i c i t i
i c E f ? SifiS^ iiwvsfi? f i - ? i u f? fcai tH i u mt
I t n i5f??t lilt i t S c s i i 1 ^ i5?t n I i i c i t ^ i j t I t f t ?
nt f m fitffi^ lUifimi wm ifl. n . n. tufiu-?
I f ? m , it?iif?f vs i?if|vo i t S c s m ? w f v s m f ^
ncf nfwcn S ^ ites? unt^ itw, citm ?^n? wu
n I f o ? t t 1^ ^ I t f t ? i t f w I f i n srtifiitc?t f i n i u s
cmumn Sut? mt itantiif^ ffsi f i i t i nt^ n 1
itii mten iif fimi wm^ cmum? i f i u?fi citm??i
i t ? f i c i t u m c m i t i t g m t ? liiift f i t n f i f i mcftci? m?f? fifi men ufif i l l ? i n I ftm vs i?!iei?
f t n n t t i t ? wtvsm? n i t ' m ^ s j - ' S f i ' , n f t i t i ' i - t i t ' fS.mt.ft. ifci? lfl IteUi im f i i t i , mt? f i u m
(IT^vsit i i t i i t i ^ ) n t I f l i f t t n t f t i t ^ i t ? i f n t i m m vs fiit itftim m?vs fif ?3TW liinvs ?tf <tft?lci 1
ScmciT ifeftfe % '?t?ifi cii<M??i c i t u t f t ' i m n f t i f i f % i t f ? imifimi wm n . vi. c i h i h liitniiw
i ^ i5?t n I n t f i i i i t f i m c n i t i H i w t t i i i t n i m wu ifiifU i l l ifimflen 1 SegieUii n , ifeb^b
n w ? cwitc?i ' S n v s I t c i ? f k i t n m n t w i n t ^ 'wf?g'i- ltd? 1 wifrtf iiiwi31 Utitni mt? n wutni?d
i t f i t??t%i m t f t I ^ i i c n m f i f i f ? S c u t c i S i f S S - *
cicn uui nfifi fiitif m^nfiwt ittt wtn nfw?
S c B f i p i ^ i i m n c n i c n ?T?fi c m t i n i t n n f w c n neiT^ Sm ?t?f? ftn vs wftn uiH nt m m-
Hitcn n t iifft? u ? fiifen w u n f t fiificig ftien ufifil tntfii mSesien ifficf wfi icn 1 usitn S^
I t w wt?i n I ifevso f n g n t t f t f%f%I^ f t n i e n m i f t m nfwi iie?tcm S ^ itw win^ itcci (^Siti iff
i t f i m e n cific^ n | ; i f i t m w t ^ m 1 c m t t f t ? 1 1 ^ wtci nfwi wutni, ifeV'jj; ifevvb uen wmtni it 1, i
fm m t ^ n n n t ^ f l l s t n t f t f i n ? i m vs wtgmft, ifev) I
i m , t n t f t t i ^ - n f n ? w t i c i n t w i t m e ? ? Semeir
LIIIT? f i n ?T?ft, cnt-ifm 1 ^ vs t f i m u , t i i t f t i f t i * i i f i i vflitesf s titf? f? iifmsm t n t f
vs i t i f i f t i i t i , f?H^ f i m ifiwi i m n t f i f i i c ? i i ? f ^ fmei? f i % ^ f i i imci ienu nt t m f itff? i m
l i i t f t i u ? f t t m t f i r ? t ? f i CTtitm c m t t f t ? stffm vs iiten Sen?u mt? ifn tntf fsmfii ifeftfe f ^
m r flcn s mum-Sfi' (tntfii iflitc^f) u n iîift i f f i 1 ^
i . w m fw. lii. MUFF (IFIIM vsuii, itSfwt n t i%fflcm mt fi^fiuticn 'smf? mti-uten? fimif
neSici^), cm?uti irf[? ?im vflt iffen ositnit? nt ufrif^spttifnf^
1. w m I t f t i m n f ( m n # ^ f i n f i s ) , c m u u w cititn-n fe?it? lii. ft. liii. mrnji i f ? t m ifiun
vs. - ^ t m lfl. n. n . f i u t i t f t i ( m m u t ^ v s T t t i i HiifS n 1 ? T ? f i ntmn ^fcn S ^ uc< ntd uUf
fis), i f n ?e?w-mst ?cn S n it? ui'i-'Sfcn mim mfi
8. w m lfl. m ? i t i - ( m f i ^ f i n f i s ) , m r n I
ft. w m 1. I t m m t f i u ( l f l ^ f i n f i s ) , m r ife'jjo f%tei? uf uei eitf? itfimcn cif? fim
b. w m I t n t ? 15. U f (villifHm c ^ w t t t n f i n f i s ) , imien u f n imfe ci#? tntfii f?m tiftftst
m j iffira n (Govt, of Pakistan Notn. No. F. 15
'I. Tstm lfl. l f l ( U f i m ?Ttti m u H m ) , m r 59E. IV dt. Rawalpindi, March 10, 1960) 1
V. w m vsut. lfl. Uvsuf ( l f l uvsuf ifS f i n f i s ) , miHitn mnf? ^ ufimn mî 'nft ifiti ftien
I W ufi Set I itftt moicw? leu meitntan mi? m ' l -
Sewu, S i f i S ^ ifttm m j i e n m n cuittft? i l l 'Sfici c ? # ? tmfii Hit^ tiftftSct? uitici fff
utnfwt f i f t i f ^ i t i t f i i I U ? f i c U i t m iie?tem f i - nva^ ^ ( L e t t e r No. F. 1 9 1 / 6 0 C U R d t . Nov. 8.
- t n t f fiiem
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ttRiM flSrat? ttlRtWt ttRtM "ftScM? ttlRtWt
1960) I iRiFo APT AA 't'^'=iiPip m l w ^ l TW IwMf December, 1983; tf/Ss fe-nM/^S'^ t R R t f t f f i S c s t R )

tAHAS ( S j ^ AnrattM StMlrtA A i f (WAt AA I ^-sftftA f t [lilJtfS Rv i H , ife'^ft-iilt 15ff R i e t T t t W t l t C t t , ifeb-ft ( W t l t C t t
l l f t ^ l W t fSAA ttrftflttM lilflt^ft fktlAf AtMsA I R l AA, ifeb-ft)-iilt AtttC] ftCttft CAff ro t f t R - i i l t t ^
,|^tTO#A f f l e t R ACtJ % T lilfft StTItftt Cttf, Cttf ro ft^t s
t 5 # ? i W l i f f t M % t s f ^ I ftrotf AtW AATO (Wi^sftA i. CSAlttTtt StttfffttRgtRRSiSFt^fttCtA ttftCf ftstlW
fifAsr ceitAAItA ATAtf AA I Air |Ct(t, i f e ^ o (. eftffA tft,
llMtWt catftTO^ fAlttW W i f A ttA Sifft A t w f f ^ t r o i f A. ltR Cbtlttjl-t S t f f t t t f t a t l R C t t RtffCf fACttfw
fs^tffT w r o Wt<pT Atfft ( f )-<f lilftTOfk fA5f fwCttfS^ RfSt,
fAf^fCfTI
O . R t R I 8 t t t f t f t C t S CRCa^tf, f f t t tattRt,
S t M ? F R t l t M A f fAAAtfA t t R t f t f lilftusft t r o
8. RtRT ? t t t f t f t C t S CbtltviJH, 'Wrtft lilAl t t R t f t f
f t f f f A t r o t t c A f f ? i t W t r o Ati: ttcA ttt i c f f t t roi
sttrtPtf t t f t C t A ttt WatfR W f T O Atc C f t f l R A l i l f l C ^ f t
%tfw fttf, rot f A t f t t r f R t ,
ro ftAtA ^ 1 f?Sf ft3FA tTlft f S t Wf#s lilftOTffA fAWA ft. R t t T S ttfftffCt 8 Cbtlttit-I, ttSRtCtt tl^rtltl lil^Cftt
Wit ^ W f f f ^ - S f t I t t t t f W t A - f w t A t t f f f f l t C t t t t mi CAt,
t t - C t f t r o , f ^ - t t t l t f t A RttJTt t C f t t t s t f S ^ CtTt b. R t R I S t t t f t f t C t 8 CBttttTR, ttlRtCtft fftfAtTtRt
S f T O lilt tit t t R t f t f lilflCHjft f t f f t A WSf*3? I i f e H f t R ^ fftfA,
fSf^- t w litftroftt ScatCtttl'fffCfA RCtT f i R S ' f t W t ^ 'i. R t R I 8 t t t f t f t C t 8 ltR ^TtCRRt, t t R t f t fttftATtRt,
f f t R ' ftctMlCil tftff 'ftWtC?? lilfft stlRtf^ 2rtR AtSRt \r-io. f^ftfs RARI ftWt 8 ftSc^*tC=Tt RARItCtt RtT
W f t f R , The Creed of Islam (g. W t f t A t f f t ) tItfA Atc tAtctt rot ftftfs
f C t f t t f A t t R t f ffront,'JSittfRf t t R t f t f lilffcsft t f t f t ' i i - i f t . RCttft RtRT f t ^ 8 sftTt f t f f t tf lilAl
<s 'RfSf ttt' R t t f lilfft f f ^ - f t t r o R t f t f t f t f t atfttAt -a t f f S t t C t t R t l Atc f t ^ R t f t t f f f RCAlft,
"Wltft f f R t t lilfft C f t t tftmRtt I tilfl^ lilftC^f fff^
ib-iH. RCRtft R t R I ^tro 8 tlftCtC^Jt RtRI.tCtt f t l
StRCt^ fftCt C t f t r o lilAlWtCRtMt Rrt WtCttWt f f t I
^ C R t f t t f f f RCttft ^ C t R I
WtltCt^ A l A f R CttftttR CRtRltft-a t r o f t f f t ttÂttCA ib-. RttTRfSA 8 t t t f t f t C t 8 ftScStC^t AAttftTOtf I
CAt W t t f t Rt fftc R t f At R t t I tRfWttA iilAlfttftCfg t t R t f t f lilflCibf lilAl A t t f R CttfTttR CRlRttlt Sftt lilft
SCtA f t t t t f t W WRRt^ t f i R I t C t t t t , RRtW R S , ^ <tC5tt, RACA ^R Wf%^ f f f f i R t t f tl3lT ^ f lttlf?=1 1 fA S|fMt
sfffA^t, a t f t r o f t t R tTtftC CttRttlt C t t c t t W t R ? Atc t t R t f t f f l S c ^ ' t t C t t f f f f l C f RtfA "a fattft f f t R I
t t f t R Rt I i f e H o - H i - i i l A ^fttt RlSttCtt f C A t t f f fttsfRC fAC^ Ctt f t f f t t RttRlC^t C t ^ S
CtltltHJt f t f t t t ^Hy AtCTO, fttf^tCfC^ Cttftt * RRfWt, t R R t f t f Ct%rt, iilftCft, t t f t f t S t tTtft
tftT^ A t ^ lilAl A^ CAt3i5 Ctt'SfR W t f t f i A StTRtftftCiTt f t f t , tftBiRR -a t ^ t t t SAtftfCf W t f f f RtAttT sfpfft RtAtC
f t C R tf^ I W8tt CRtRltf^ fttftATAf fftft f ^ f M ^ I
SAtCfft AttTCt ffft^ StICt t t R t C t t s t r o -a StRtt RSt AA ;
ff? f^Tct tftr3; c t t f r f f a f t t ^ ^c t t f t R Rt; At? * R i f f t , AAA, f f s f A -a R]Tt cwm t t R T t -a f A f f t d T t
tAte RtAt f t f StRtt f f t A t R I f C R fttft CfCgt Wtt f f t R I Wtro RtCf tCttro tTtft;
fAtl A t t f R C t t f t t A R R t f W A t f t M R T O RCttt Ctltltl^t f t * R t t w f t t t f , RAAftRt -a trttfATO R i a m tRRtCtt
Sttt % t t t ^ t f ^ I
CttR W t t c f t S f T O lilAl sfRtctt t r t f t ;
ifeli-iilt ^ f t t t RiattCtt fC^T S t f f f e A t f t t ttlRtCtt * t R R t e t ? tfAtR, R ^ , R l f f t , W t t ? -a f t T O ?Ttft,
R t f l t ife'^ft f S t C R t Ab- Rt5 A T t f R C t t f t t t t CRtRttt^ mi W f f t f t , t l ^ f t f t tTtft R t C t s WtTAR mi t e t t t t ftfiiht
t t R t f t f litftCisf l i t ^ R l t k t A Aa RSt f t f ^ fftSt t t R t f t f 4 A t , W t T t e t t TOT f f t S t T O , t e ? t t t CA?3I f f f f f WAttC??
f t S c S t R AtSRiCtt' RfCt lilfft f? R l ^ S|ff|[ f C t I tt??TtCtt TOT f t ^ iil?l f t f ,St?R -3 S t T O , l i t R W f t t c ? WtCRt^,
R t f t c t t t f ('^'3CA 9m -a R i f f t ) f t t t f tatlRCtt wTatfft t f t , f?t^-RT, CtftrotTtft?WtC?tW?, tC??ttWtCTO?t
tAf (ilfft AfASttfR stfttCtt t i t Rl f C t I t T O fft^fRtft S f f f f , sr?f t f J t f t St?tt, W f T O , R l f R ? , R f s i f t f mi
tt lilfft t f % 5 t t f CAt WA t5ftR-iilt Stt R ] ^ ^ I R t f t t f f t f t stfft tWfft I
ftScfCtA tAtt(5t>h<p lilA?, Rf5A f t f ^ f r o t t f t f atAt "^ftR I * StftS35 f f f f t RlSIt SffW t5Rf, R^JM? Stfit?ffwef
ifebrvs RtCRt RSJttft WtTtCtt (Ordinance N o . Lxvii of
. sffw SfttC? iil?l AtrofAC? RAIAf-RtAf?I TO mi ftSc^BtC??
1983, Notification in Bangladesh Gazette dt. 19th R ^ (Q i B O w i t t I ? WRf C? C f t ? f f f S t TOt I
ttRtft fftCtt?
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tntHi itSc^ U5?nw tnifi^ if iSi^n m u m
SiHS^ W U i m m Ci|l<M?l?v| cmitltj if? ftfUo rti mi3Fi i ^ i ; (8) mtm v f l i f t tmft fiêm
HfH cicg? mr tmfii jpiScûm usi i?t i fifii^scn I t m nt (ft) f men v f l i f t f?.e, mif? itmen mew?
ie*iT aHt n t mu-ciiwit fft v3 c i t i t i mm m fnt^ 1? v i t miei i n itc mSeîc? mtn inti^cij?
fi? mt? i m iiSc*R i#t^ itci^ Iflt mi f f t n nt cii-Hwen 'Suit' H^wen ^jft v i t ifte?
mnifc?? m m fli Scsticitu i 'fim ifi' u n iîft if mf 1? I viimf cien fifw mw ntfftiffiien
f g i v3 iltim ifm, mm. ifmsrss imf%iici m t m ^ltc5îtSeiennim?i'55i^ m i itifi mn item?
i f ^ f n fif, mit ifScsmn m im mt ifsmtmScsn i?iff nfifi^tn wm mft men fitm tiffim (mnti
m W15 f? ncwci tm lifff m^mm i d w s t n n i v s i wit, i f e v i ^c i i viifii, i } > b r 8 %) cmum nt
v f l t n c i ifSram fifii fm?3i ffft miii ic? i lifiim? iH itScsien mmrmf mifieui icn I
'Human and Natural Resources in the Islamic fH icnft f n i i f i l l icn, ?u s 'mnt itfii- um
Countries' (fifii c l i l f C I ? I t i f i i n t i t f f m i m ) tmff f i i ? i i f , i m fiwiicn iPtwi, ntnteuei
finfltn v3.mt.fi. (Organisation of Islamic ff?ifS[ft i w Smi? I tit mm ff? im^ft imtm cm
Conference)-n Scuici iSlft c i l l i l ? ( l o - i i if^, i f e i v i t l ifim wtf? iite? ficn vesi^ffl" icnft lemtfii i f
(.) mi? fmi fim im? fiimmm m f ^ mi i tm? ii?en ufif titcn S n ?T^ ien i tm itl v s i f f <
mtitfii i t f ? ^ 17^ it?if|i tntfii itSiîcn S n i lenUfTi ncf? I C U iftmci m-f?mn ulff; mi-
mtitni um i*ft fifii cii ^c mi if%f?fiii v f l t futc? f i m ; t m i vs fiHi Sm tfiti, fim? vs mfiif?
cifiitc? c?tim ic?i 1 v3.mt.fi., fiitem? t ? i i t f i i itSc^n cwca fmtien w?m, fifii mtm Se,iH vs f i i t i I t?tfi?f
nt tSc?fc?ivg stf^fif? cm I C ? I cifiitc?? mm fl? 'm?f, itdcn ic? iiiwtf mtiteii n m wm n. va. cm?it?ei
ttTmit vs imft n t >iit cifi?tc?t mtiteici l i i n fii*, itScsicn lUifimi f?f^ ien ( i i vflfSti, i f e b - 8 %) i
nnt? mift i t ? t f l i i mi? t u t fli vfl i?cn i ? i n ff?vs wm cmum, iit vs ff? ncwei utScîcn itmum
m ^ 3 # f n cifim 1 'mft? ntifimi (m. 1 . 1 . m?fi ifntm ien i ffi itScîcn iUifii ?j?ff nt mfii
n ifift, rnnti i > ! 5 - i o - \ \ i t c i v s - i - i f e ) - n iw cifcf f Sim cweai vesuf f<f S ^ U n ifimen i ff? itScien
Iflt cifim? f^mc? im^ i? i cifimca ift i i ^ f i nt i i i i ? 5 ^ vg ?mtft? m e n Sem?u c i ? i ? f m
mjlm icm wm f. . ci. ft. citcn imt. The Muslim mf??fif%^fcmi-ffim f f t ifimen i
World's Resources, . Islamic Foundation usn wm f i t u T V S I ? i m (miiti i 8 - i i - b - i itc
Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1983. i-vjj-b-v lis) n t tm ie? i c n ficn wu wm cms
ij<ifeVo wsf ?n? i t c tntfii itScsicn wimm? ifiSfm (i-vb-b-v itc 8-vb-vv i # ) t m ntifiuici?
ScsficmiT If mtf? n i i^t n? itc i?m? mScîcn ufif itn ien i uîte? (s-b-vv tf?i ^ê) ficifwr?
if mil? ifatu icitemi m? ien ntSinfti tnti^ c i t i t i ? iitei? c^^f (w??) t m f i i itSeîcn
iff mt? mf mi? ftti? itifi wmci (<t>t??>ii i s ^ît, lUifimei? ifficf fHc?i!w men i
ifeife itc v s o i f i i t ifevi(.) itSeîen ntiHmi Hfss f?cîlSeienit?3FenfiÛfifi?^'î s
?scn I fm.wmSntivs iiiwmmScsien 'Sfi ntim i t t f f ^ C 1 5 f t i ? 8 ifeife-vo U C I mft fimffs n t
I t w ? wffi ngmi n t rniu m let, itSem f ? f t fwm ne? t m f u t f f i cig ftfi n i ifeb-o-b-i
iftite?? f ? ^ S ^ I t f i o n, wnj<f m?fi citit?n nfwi mif I t c i v i t ? ! ? cig ftfi 1? m v s cs?ft fifU ne? i ?ue?
?cn ntf^ nt nfw? wien citm ?nfti Itew? ffinit ( i f e b - v 1.-^ iw) itScsicn itu 8 i f t cffluf^ i v i t s f t
tfi 1?, iiSeicn fiwr mifitm S^n nt nm?? n i itScîen fimffa n t cm i ^ ftitc? ?iw iHeei t ifevv-
ff? ntifntn wm m. 1 . 1 . m?fi n iHft ii brfe wvf m e ? mf^ i v a f t fwm ncsi itScîcn itu citm
m?^ mtm itfw^ tntft fiiem itmen itw v f l t mici mft i l l im itmfll 18ft fimft? itu itc 8 f t fi-ficm
lfffi n t m ^ 1? I itifi mn itcicn Semtci i5c*n ufii ug f i i f i imfi i t i unte? ^ mi f i r n i itc
ie?ift f n i i f i l l ie? i ?m s ( i ) mScîcn itit?iei ^ ifnt iitfi n vflit Ufift um (Book Mobile)-'fl?
mt? ntmi??itc?, iiei fimffg m vs ic? mnft fstm iiileu cien ifft.m3ci ? t if?e?n n t ? t i?*^ me?tw?
lie? tmft mtffi cig ftn; ( i ) t m ifiwi mnpi im ^ I i f e V b r ltd? v a o v^ i W 8 i f t itm 8 > ! 5 , v b f t 8 f t
I'ami mme nfwcn tmiitm WSPQ fifii mew? tmff utffi mcitnt im vs cifim ^t?fei i u^tf
m<-miJttw<> fife^ cwus ci^ n t S^mei ifSsm iit?i timf utffn cugvesfi? u i ifimn ifiu tntfii
m ific iten; (vs) nfw? itttm ftn nt n H i ff%i itSeien UU im i? i c m i c i m it tntff utffn
t m f fiiem
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t m i n iteR umffi t n t f i i I t S C ^ U^qfTttfl
cig, int; i s i t i T T m n tntfii itScM? uwitf, tnltii cmsm tm n H ^mit? n fiitei? ifim? ift ûei i
itScsi? isSstm tmtfi S i f t fwm S i f t mtcgft sîôf^
I f f ? 113 ufii i f i m n (ifeb-ft-ifefeo) mm voft uwt?
fp an ftn i u ituei I n f - f i n f f n itien ?T?ft i u i^ttci (oo m i?^
if umiuufUiir<wsr 8 ifeb-b-utm OT'tn iftiifeH i t I t n i u ituci) I
ii^ (tpt^tii) i i u:! w f n titc5d i f i i t f i ituci i fi-^cit? I t m smf? l U i H m wm wt?ft n
t u W vflift f u f f f i f nu, fiiK fims uff, nft ifif? imifef its ( m i f u o i t U i ) n u f i f i t v a i H
ituu utfi i r f 3 wfUi, f n n ' i f m i i n it^ n t imtnt ifin utm itfw^ tntf fiicm? nttim (itififi
w t ^ f i i ufift.mff? icfs wfU? -^gef mi '#it:mi i ituft utu VII?ief? 'cf) I t w u m ifeîb- uen i i wtfUf
c i f f i i icnU? S n itw tlic^ci g tnti f f i i ^ftn ( f . itf^vs tntf fu^cit?, ffim % ft-i) i ifevi i%tcn m
t!Ui, UM'iiffiUi cmjg fniticn wm, wii-fmn uc? ^ ICQ vflt itf% fiicit? iiiH n i utm mm t i t t
wiff, wti-fmn Hmi, fifii utu? S,if% vs f i i t i i fll m t n tntf fiiem i imiu Snen n wntci?
t u Uft wutu Hm 11 iniiTfii f n itim? itw ^ ie?tt wijtfitn i n fgen ifi'sH it? Hseifi itu
W i n <tcc^ I m ifnsfir fii ica ntu
I tntf fiicm-VII? i i i ,
t i t l i f ^ irnuiFis i f e i b - 'fsttm cn f i c i VIIT iif f t f ? , f ? vs -^f< I'a tficu I t i f i ntfi ituci i
if n i f e t b r - ' l f e W< I t c i (2-8i W l tui ^ I C I n l f l
I i f e f e o I t l u m wteU m ICQ? I t m vs n t i m u?ft i l l
utf i f i w i i l l icn i i t i j ^ c ^ i f ? fintfi? wtfim fn i lUltUcll

tu Ut ittra^cn wsfs? fll n t w ciu, ??^ fim, itttit? nfwi iitiif? 8 VITT i w nen fwm ft,vo\sbr
I t i t i vs i t i f i i feHnt fim i i f e i f e c i t c i ? cnti nfwn tntf itttm fffi Ûci I f ? fntit ifimt?
^ n t tu? I T T I 3 I ^ fH, i 8 U n , mr m, nu?, fft? wfn \ s 8 o o b H nfw? itttm f ? iff% ifeftH uttitn
f^, itf1 S ^ if??5fu n t wtfifii fintH cui i u n i f n nt ug-iHm i t n t s F c n ?T?ft i u itUci i imsRi
VITT nfitf? c<Mci? SctjfiT fn nfwici ntrw? ituicg nen m ifH nfwn w f ^ i itttm ftien iti m l
iHl i u vfl?t titiiici lints S^n ici wtiiun Smtf Utucii
i u 1 nfufi c i t c i i f m f n ifimn ici i n icn I i f i t i i c i f ^ i n t w u T t i f n I t u m sfifw, fieii
tuiii wntmcn n t iicw? "Hfi fffH m icn i I t n t m fimrni voo n m f?iei vflt i#ff%fti ifiwi
VITT mcu? it?ci fff? iuitfif (ifeb-o-b-ft) ifimt? VAT fiu Sitwiwi i u itîcii.ifiwcn fin.?u s vse?f%t,
muin 4 ^ f i f i g f t ? it ic? n ? ff? n , lifusn c?Hvs-(tfiHn (Mm, tcn@i iûH itntw? vs cm,
nen m nfwcn tmci iHfwi m iHu muHici 1 ^ I t w tTtH I
ntew fiff% iu, w u i m n t w s ^ i m cmm ilSeienm?^1îlu?Fi 8 f ? îSciicn uitifci?
nt I VITT rniauuitnici f # n fici iHfc? w t n fi?tci i Utffi i t w n Sdl iU ititci f i w T ifiusei itSe^
I
WICm? ifebrbr I W I I S S v J s W? tmci i f i W i C K 3 U u m ?i f f nteicn wteuw? ifiu uci i ifeb-i-v iti

itUci i f i w i i t ^ tmen i n m w H ^ itf!TT nci?
I ^tc iH ?si? f i i f i f u f ^ iw Sntn fien Sesleuu i
cituff iHm wu itSc^ ^c wti-tm f i i vfliuH lilt Siiew cifim, '?tw m^> wtcifnt im, itftm i m ,
I t f i i i f ^fii?5ti?>u itcci n H ff? imtfif i?5nt?
I fi^-fiem, iftit f ? iue?i, cm wtm ifcufim,
( i f e b - ( 2 - - b ^ I ) i f e b - f e - f e o ) WTV8T? i ( 2 - ( 2 - o o w? tuen ifiwi mtffn ifieitfim, fi-ii*Ht nt ifcnt tTtH icit
mugu i l l i u TTîci \5o m I itl i ? ^ utcu (i-iii wUi? itîci 1 cUiu?fie t n t f 'mitt? nt u?uHi
w? tuiei ifiwi iiten uift i l l i u ituei i l i ^ f ? VITT f u n it? n-fiei? Sn, fiei? f 1 ifium Sî Hf^
mm? mH fimf? i m iHfwi n fiifen u?ft i n Uiffwi VII?t wIt?fi Rt niJt?f? S n wtemiit
i u itiici I mt, ^liti, ftu, fiuwf? nt ifwitftc t m iHm c^ i u 1? vflt mnFcn mm ifeb-o m itc
I
ifiwi c^ ?ft?tei I VITTi ^ nftb-H m?ffi w^l^tcn wfntsf? i u i ? i

iftm S?n 8 wtf? i f n ff m^ m*if?i tntf t n t f fii? 8 ifev Ite?? ^spit m itc t n t f fin
i^m'ftn itScsien m i u?fi cumin nen fif? iff? I t w i mn tm cntfn iifft? w s f j F UtUei
vs f? ci? f l l u n n mn iHu iftiten mun ^ feHnt, Ufi vs f 8 f uHien c n t vs iuHiei -^f^fti
I U it^tci 1 liltii^ 1 f t Uwten w f i i cif-finf i f ifjf iHfwi m, f 8 f vs c i m i m iHfwi ^ f ? f < ? ifi nt
lt?lci I ^v^VIIHVA f c l f i K i ^îstûi' bfSicvsc^ nf-Hnf
I ^^f%im Simi m m ifiu S m ^ r w i i u nt iei iei
wen mfifvs LIIT iticn W 3 f ^ i iftitcn ftum? nu itw?mm nt t n t f f n u ? f T mei cffiiw? fini i
t m f fiiem
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Contents
t t R t f w f t S c M ? ttiRtwn ttRtftf ftSiJ^ ttlRtOT'
fstftR-Wftftt ttftctW RfCRt lilt ftfStR ffttt Rt ff?f -srtf? (ilt RfR ftftRt c f 5 ^:!: fttifCRi trttttas '^tt
ttCf I ( O T T O W t r # r 5 , ft TO? ftR AVft WtsCR Alrft fttt tltCe? 1 tAt ?^5t lilCRttltM lilAl t S t t f tArfC AftgttCf
stftft Attic? I ttftsHR atft ftfRtt fttt fttCtA tftfltt ATAfttat ct?t Atce? I
ttttiC? I R t R t atttftf Wffttt R C ^ lilt AlftCtA tCtJ ( O o ^ 'wttf ftr^ s t t R i M liifiesf f f afAft 'wt?f
ifeb-b- 1%tR t # ) Ai Rtt f 8 f tfft Cttft ftftRt ftt At I M t Rte?? cttft ? ? t ? ? tttt litti te? R t R l M ftt
A,ifti WtCf A f t ^ f t Rift fffftA Wttt # f t f t fttiCA? AtttC? 1
ATAft fAt Attic? I Ab-'^ft tfA ^tt fttTtRCA, b^,ooo <J,f>$*1 lilAtt fttiipR 8f8f AlfAlAt AtfR? fttRlfR
WACf RttMot ^ RtA 'JttftiR ftW f t m t C t t t t ftRt f?fRC?? SefetT lit f t f f t aJAt f?t AtttC? I tAIA wttt
RtA ftt AtttC? (Functional education) i tAt ft^^ it tw doo wet? f t Rlftttt ?TAft f?T Attic? I
t t l cwt Mf WAtR cttt TOl t t R t f fRJCAtt Wtt f R t t t ftScStR f ? W t ? 8 ttRttt? f t M W t # ? t #ACt? ttft^
ScsfCtJ CAB?tCRf I a t M t ^ oob-sft RtAftCTO WlTAtWt ftt * c^cat Seate?ttT wttte?? f t ^ atRte?? ScisfctT ifeb-A Rtc^t
^^ttC? I tRRiM ftScM? f t ^ ai?? ftt Attic? I tt^tett CttR^,
iflt fttCAt Wttt WtA T j t ^ ftW f AtttC? 8 ( i ) f ? t atf, RRtW tMt?, f W R f W ? f R RtM, tfAtR,
Aft M f s t M t litAl (A) f A t ^ t (atmf) } M t I t t f t t #?f f ^ M-RttAT, Wfttt, tftt, Rtl?tftft, tfWfRt, ttRtt
TOl t A f t ^ t f t ^ t f t RtrA (fWtfttTtS RttttRt)-TO s(m RRtW CR?t? C^cai a f f t ttwf RC? l i l t f t W Ct?t
M ^ t t C f TOttCt alft^t CtQ?tt Atc^C?, AtAlC tAlAt f tWtt ^ t t ttCf I
ttt M t tte?? RC^ RTST R t l R t , Wlf, At^jftft, t J t f t RtCfS Seatetttr c?, R t f t c?t w t tRtR ftScstR-iii?
?tigfttcf arttM ^ R t ? fftc ttet? mi fft, t ttR?, tRîTsaFCt T t f t ? lilfft Attf Iw^l RtlTtttt Wl tifttIC? 1 W f M ?
tfte?tef tM^ ?ttt t i t f t Rê^ftfft1?tt wtittc ttet? i ifeb-t^-iii ?twtTf tACtt CAeR ft WtCR R R M ftctfw,
iflt t t ^ iiJjAft WRT fttftt AfA M^scf afM^t Ct?t ftCW Se<TTtCt Rtftf RtTfalt t t R t M ftScsfCAt f?f&
Attic? I tAt t?Rtf fttc?? fiffflt lilfft ft?M WC^ tftt ANtt At I f C R tAtt atttRM ff W t M RttttM
Attic? 1 wMf t ^ , atCfttf, aftttf, tjttif, ft^ trlft ftScstettSt? ;?T^ A? (f. #?tai tftt VWb-b- t l , tft.
ftft^ TO? a t M t tACt^ RttMfttCf f A t ^ t atMet? W?J ttwttft fas Rl o i / t R S ftSs attt8/'33/b-Vift'55-ftb-, tftt
ftfW ftt A? I fttc? ft? RfR r<?t?, f t t S r o ? t M f io/ft/feft ?tl/AQ-/b-/b-b-tl) I
fttftttiCt a l M t R t ? # ? t ttCf? I a t ft i f 8 ??1 a t ? ^ t C SftM 1
flTRtt fTtett 8 Ctct? attit f i f t c t ? f c t f f S l t ? . Wt. ?. t . Wt?^ AARIR
tftet? ftsttwt iii?i a f M 'wtMtet? ?WRt t i M RITRTSR,
tfftR#i fitctt teR f Mftft^f C 2 i tAf ? ^ mi^ ( i ) RR? ^3 SCiftI 8 ( f ) R R M 'S t t R t f Cfg, iilftef
fCRT ft^ ff?C5T ctct? R?TO f f 5 [ t ? t#C?A M t ft^ iQ ttftftSt a f f t i ^ iQ tt^ttCA^t ; (t) R t M t t R t f Ct^f,
f t t ^?te?, iilt?it M-ttRt? catft^ fJtett '2tlfA ftW iil?tef ^ t?fSttSt lilAl RRtWCRttt ttCtM RltttRÂCf
t f t t e t t f ftt "Âtc? I M ttte? fitett ftt? ftff at^t WtM RAItt RR; (t) R l ^ , M , f ? ^ RTT? C ^
ftt Attic? 8 ( i ) ^ p r l 3 i ftlRt tWttRA fJtett ; (A) R l M ttRtet? Wttte?? St? tetttt tttoH'it; ( ? ) ttRtet? cttM
rff? A^tftttRAfTtCtt lilAl ( O ) ft tftc 'Wttf S ^ t wttf M ^5tfettt, ttt RtA^t, RTttftro a|ft a t T O ftt
.?^lf?ttRAfJtett ?s?t I Rtetf& i b - H f t ct5 fjte?c5 ctffti-iii? tAte RAt?t ftt liltlRRtCW? R t l ^ M , RttttWf W<It?tf
RRRtaitftttMM liiAi ttteti tAt R t f Attte? i #?e? t t R t f ^RTCAtt f f R t R t tt^?t?C?t W?T aftft^lPf
WRTtRT f t t * t 8 Rttft#t atttt ( i ) ttRtM ftScSt? Sp?RA i?M ttC^t fttM ftt; () ttRTf fffCttt
tMt (âttM); (A) R f S t ttt (RtM, M-ftctta tMt); ftttRt Wtfatt f M CtRtt Ret? ttRiett t f t Alt,, t f t ,
(o) Islamic Solidarity (tietfw ttM, foRtC? RtM); Rifft, Wtt? t ? r o ?T?ft-Rtff tettttt wtcttw? ftt
(8) L ^ i L i ^ ^ I i ^ j i l Cwttf, ^ 3 ! t l M ) ; (a) WttM tAlt atRt? tt1e?t littl wtfatt t t R t f RtftfT fRC atftt ftT
( R t t M t i t t M , Atte? R l M t M t ) ; mi i^fAr R f t iii?i cRsM fa atfTtRt ftft-t6?ef S I S R I M ftt; (&)
5 t ? Rtet ^ I t t M t f t S c s t e t ? T t f t t t t t Ate a t f t M A? i tRRtt tRRtet? fttt Rtf ? t - f 3 f , Rttftft a t r o
ftftRt 8 t f t S C t t f e t ? WRT C A t f t ^ t T t M ftftRtt ATAft
fftft Wf?tt ftt, RlfRR ftt atftt f?T; (?) tRRtet?
^ t t t t t c ? I lilt t f 3 attt '\,c>H,>330b- W t C t t f t f s f t S R t ^^Rte? I tfAtR, t f ? , R l ^ , Wtt? f?ro ?T?ft R t M fttttf??
R B t c?et *f'iiBt'ijte?<i c?t^ l i l t t C brft, Qr?r?t? o f t ) SttRCTR? ? ^ t ? t R t ? wtcttw? ftt; (w) t ? 5 T t ? ftttf tetttt?
C A l M RI?I ftftRtRt t f t t t C ? I atftM t t t f ? f g ^ cwt WRTtRT WttTC?? WtT f t ^ I S t t f a t ? ? ftt; ( f )
ttRtf fftCfTt
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Contents
tmtn UISCM? mllm (t<K8 T M P I 4 uiSc^

t m niH Smtt cmt, srw I L T m Hsu mm c?t
mte ntwt m m; (>*) t i m H m t m m mr ^ Iten (t m ? T ? ^ cm t t i im mi \ I T I T cm
i m i?t; (t) ?i?^=i ^fitm iiHtm uiftiit SfH ifimm i m wm nen mntm ifffen m n ift ivo
Hm m nt (t) îc?t^ i t m f H c? cmHi cwm wtfiHi nufifig n H ifiH win i mtft mm mc if wif m
I F wtiHi i m <iw n r n m t 1 fif^ I I F F T imn mmn ntew? wim FSFN?ei i?mR
1. mffiit s tiuHi iftSc^n wmmi mitft v^t imi? i
ifirti mf H m i f mim wt^ffi n H fifmi mtff i (i) n ? ? fimi s tntfii mSrsien f?fg fimen
t m itmi ilHciiit VQ limft it?mm itHf cm m icm wojvgffi m ? mn, fimf? va cwm i t i i m - n miam
i m i (Sic? g.)-n ^ n m^ i mm iiteimt, wtft? iitn fi^-fiem tntf mtffn
vo. mfttttn mttteit s timtin ?nScMi t m m ifc?tfim mmn, ?f? vs wrf? f i n i i n i i m ? fisten
S E R F I R wg?tft H ^ I L I vs ?im?i i^to ifci i <M*fi<ifl' f??fIff? cwm miii?if< cwm iitniici imm mt
?fs?r?cn mi i m itmrc? ioH Hti, sH Hmft? me? cwm Sp? vs m ? m? wtiiicn m?]n ftf? Spi mmun
Htft?4I?m>IIVB8 cwm ??c?iH?s%F wti? wtci niimf iimm i m , cwm i f n ft? cm itift? itmm n t mm
vbH Hmft? i n nt Hmwfc? t m iHw? ntcisft? cmt I t i e n itwva ^ fisten mmei m ? it?t i f e i i tit mt
<\H cms wiei i tm mm im^ wise? i^H tiitfn H nfif^ Spifti iif, cm t m i f i w i cmm w m iHwitf
wtimwinr t m m t mmen itew? wiiH, nfwi ff%i vg
8. w??? s ?m? t?mln mSc^sin i 8 w? it?mfi?infim itmam i?5ef? itmm mm??, itn imi Sfgn
vooow? ifwt vg jjb-ftw?intftHcmtw wtcn i if? cimen nfn?i, i m m iifft mmn, ?t fm^F?
<t. iiH? s (1) lo I T W F C B 5 C N wfn itScsin? 1?it mwi ifimm, wtf? vs mrnfwi 1153ft mm??, cm
iftafHs ?t?fi cmm??? vs t?mft ntesfHmHcn wif; cffi, f i vg T(tft -.(t^ c^s,^ - I S N F ? ftm f i n , ifien vg
(i) ???nn? Wfm va Iti ; (i) mtmnci ifjft it? ; (?) ?itn, 'flti's itnfiemf mnn iHmim, ifiwiit
??ifm i? wfc?t??3i^ 1?c?ft ?^ vg'^.-^ 1 ^ fi^ titien m?m mfi itc fiffien icm ie5im fH imn
rnmr 'a IH ; (is) ftm 'a m ; (s) F?F?nti, ??t?H VQ imH mif? mw fimf? 's cwm ?i?fi?fi? vflt fitcn mmei
itc it^ wt? N T ( 1 ) itScsicn wm wt? n ? itf% I m ? im i t ? T Itei I
b. tntf fiofi n H i itttm ftn n f s i f m i F n nen m nHm
(1) ntifimi s t?mfn ?#cin? i m fntf itcn t m f itttm f t i e n Sem?u nfw? ff%i itttm ftn
ntifimi i FH i?ii? ii f?ntiit^ itm itei? i cmen ifH mfim m ? fimen m?m im^ it?t m 1 tntfii
fim^mj^ ?in? imt ^tm mf?^ N T FH c?len ? w ipiSc^n mtitni vflt i w ii,i8iH nfwi itttm n t vbs
? F N ftmn mfi^ i t n i m 1 cwm vbsH iei itttm ftn if??tei I iHmi, i m vit
(i) ?fn "s timfn itSeîn <nst? ?fn wten, f?H fimen i m ftitn ?ff?f itn i m 1
i?ifmHfHie i?it?ii ci?e?f?fif n I fH cm ( 1 ) ifiifm fimi s tntfii mSeîen m S ^
wim iifiHmn ii ims mfif itn i m i mw? Ite? n f i m , fnm, if*?i??i, ififwi, wiiH
H. f?f3 fisfi va Sm Itmft iiteitnt, mmtn, ifmm? i m n i i f itaiis m f ?
(1) iitn fiofi s timfii ?iSen mtmni-n ?t?f? mrngm mmn vit fiten w ^ ^ 1 ncf? m i m i f i f ^
iitifii vs itffii mw, mmgi citit??i nfwi va iteit vs ifitHt im^ iîfmf?ten?lew?wtvstf^ 1 vit iHifm
ifimm, cm m ini-ii wmtm 'si^f< ifiH? f itf?i itft.S^ fimen mmei ncf? viifSfi i m , ifiitmi
fim^sm^^ mmn vflt fiofen mew? wt^smf^ i ifn vat iTiH i m , I f f i i , 'smfii, mnfii 'a mfii ifmmn '2H
fisfen i m i iHm fif m^ I f l t n , iHifm ifin, wtvflitH vs i t f ! t t
(i) wif va ftm fimi s tntfii ifScMcn wif vg ftmwim I f l t m ci?i im mi 1 ifimn ifiifm vflt fiofen
itân^ miH I t w imtn, iint^gn^ c??5i3! it?wi, ?testt itfif i m i m I
in?, tntfii itSeîen m fimi va mt iiten m () i i t m fimi s tmen citfii fiim?f, f?wf? va
wfien Hftm ifi^mt va ife?n in?, wif va ftm i t 3 F i ^ f?wt? mfi, ntif (i)-<ii? f m vs u f i mH, tnten
ftfitm in? ^ mmtn, ?T? F ? ? Fi titH m f ? itw wif tfmfv^f!!, tntf wt? 1 ^ , fifii iffen f i f ,
va ftm fimen mmei im^ itm itei i ifimi, wif va fi^-fiem Siemf lefiî itifti mHm, t m f wIfH,
ftm lit fimen mfif i t m m I Iff, cffi va itmfnm titH fim fsi iiten mmci
t m f fiieiti
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Contents
t m f n u S e ^ Utum (tHi
\m\9i<> *plSc*t? mitm
tiiif mK, fuwftt Hw? stm 2im fwtti? stm tui ufii, fsum t m firm, tuft ift^F, t#5i f i m
?nw I lilt Si?trtT srmtm Hmt liit t w oio Himtim? (fnt^Hf^ ifti ufti) tmtH uffiicf? mfm mtm
t m 2fmt iHmi i w t ir^ iît Hmt ^tc wttHi img ituci I vflt fimi ii mife? itmc?fi f i m ,
ifS'mt. n m ^ uHi tHit Hm ntH itc^ci I mife? wntitti, tife? t m iff?, mife? mitf,
nriu Htt 1? ntH ^^mi mitu i m Hmrt? ntH mife? mtewft, mife? mtntf, tife? Smf, mife?
ifnm fRfgct? mw lit timt img in'I tiitfn itSrMi t m mmm, mmvsu mmff, mm- ftmu, mti-fimt vsm-
ntfi fsi<Mfciuftm'^f^? mt l t d t p ^ t ? m fiimt (tmen tfiti), fme t n t m m , f m t n H m
^ ittem:! I temmj f?m*ii rnffcsn mm ^^?tcn v5oi mtmsi-fiit?, fmfi fsim-n mtm mmtm f m f i m
i t n t ntfi itm^ I mmftn m'îwfi f n m t mrtu i o H i f iitfi ititci I vflt i i ^ S^ fimt i f i cut
mft!, t i % , ftlt, #iftif, t i i t m tHiii-i^fu vsiiH fsi ntfi it?tci I tit itft fmtci mim, tmSi
fiem ifsH 1 ciei i i m i i s liit fimt msi f t ^ ^ fm, f i ? ^ fm ^ wmSi itûe?i temieu m^jH ititei
ituei I ntfi m f i i f i Uaim figm i i t liit timet? nt mtfii iitfi ituei i mife? itf?, mife? ?;ii
ItHf I m f i fitinf ciiti ?t fim cwti ciei? m m*mtf vs uivsuf iif?-iii? mfm ? i ? sfieci i m m
cwm mff vbsH fim cieg? m?ici ft f i r ?t f i m vs mtm fimen ifimn i i t fimen ufif u n ien i
i?t mt I looi f itc looft f i w m ine? liiti? cis (w) t m f fiicim fimt s nen iirt vs 2}fiiu
liim-CitH ttm? mfii ?t H ^ ifimtei i iitfi i f c i ? t m f ffstfii, mfii, f i ^ , tern, fim vs cnmu
dm m?ftim lilt timet? itfie^ i ifimi iitiit lat <[f*f f i t t i f i citfiimei Hfi, mu mu ite m^H
fimet? Itfi? itn ie?i 1 fH t n t f t i i t i i t , m f i i , te??tt imtfi euf ff vs icuwff? f?m?f utm mm iiten
fiiem i r ? m ' f i i Spi sT^cf? i ^ ifimei? Itfifvs icm t m f fifcm i i f i n i u mt i utm mm ^ ICQ
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men n H tenttfti tmfii ifnt l i t fimt ite fiifi fiumt vs f l l ? ifeufim? mteuwni tmen fin vs
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i?t lilt fimcn mw i mf^m's mtm fimcn muci fim m? ?ff? vs wtf? fin Siiew vsift m[te,rnimtc?fim
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t m f fiiem
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Contents
t t R t M f t S c M ? ttlRlW* t t R t M ift^Swt? t t t R t t R t
t n t t W R RlRttRR ftoft, M t S t M t t f t M i i Aft, ^ Rinpt^ liJR.MJ.Wlt. f t t t f a t M t A,Ao8 W t 1 t A t t S . T O . i i l f .ff.

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tmiii I t S e ^ m s i t W i tmfii itScs*R mmim
# n I f R tii# mm:? w w e i ?mt m ? stf i t i m mtHf? H i n fmff i?tfe ifig f ? m fiwi i f i m m t '
ilibMHt? S T O I T <TOm f t i va t m f i i fim? t m f i i iiScMi utiteii i i -bsH cwm l o o v s - i o o s
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tntf fimim
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ttRTf Itall tit RWR I R ^ t t ? tit R T W T
t M R A ? C W f R H R R W 'WT?r?? R l R c f T R f A ^ t T O ? WAT f t M CHtRfCAt t?? t f t R C t R ? CWfRtCRSi ifl t t ? t ^

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t m f t n i t i f mem
s mmj mei (iy M l e w n ^ mtftn anmrnm t n t f n u t i f mem s mtwten mwmf
f i i i n v s - i i i i mfnten s f f fisii<i, ifwt mim '^tfmfii fimfe 1 1 - i v b mi%, i f e b - 1 I t e i mffI i? i v f l t lew?
vs itiiff iwten fiieii cimrfn, wifmn, mmimt mnm fifim m? cmm? ie? mt i fifim? ie?iw? mrei
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b--ii c i , ifeife I f e i m # mt I Sifff S o f t cn, i i c ? w i itc? mt I m?fit fifii c i i cmim? I C ? i
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i f i S f i f t I tnttci? m m m% -sf^ iflm? i t ? e i f i i e ? ? miitfimei m?jti citfe? Hen wm if? Seî i i t i ,
i m i ? i i i c i i m n i i e i f i n cmim?itcfnsitHc CiiH itc mfim m fieif ' J I I T ijiim n t v f l t iwm
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f n ? f t i t e ? c^#5 l t d I f i i e n mm i ? mfen fim^; StH f^mt^ ismsRi mtncn fmm im i? n t mm
? t w ? ? f i , m < t ? f i vs mtffi,f??e? ^b|vQ?lt Sim? m ^ m f n ; ? ^ H ? iH fsmn^ i f i titcn ftNi imi fifmmum?
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?jTite? v ^ n m I i?rn .fwim mm?en icmwfmsm Sn.?^ memi im
ntim tmff nmt ift mem s mfime?? mwmff 1? I mem ntm est ff^ vg fm?-ti?tti i t H i f % n
tmmmc? i s - i i ci, ifeb-o mc? mff& mr i S i f f f s o f t s t T t m I C ? I f i i g i v s - c i nien iiewi ftitei mew?
c?i i?tcwf?m,icm?TmtiH?re?n3!s^, tHfnmfime?n vsmttfi? mvsm? ifc?ici? ift mtiHi m e n wm ^
3F^, f f ciTe?m c%t w? mtsftm, wtfi? vnt "mm f m v f l i H irfi? frn>nt tntten fi??;^??it cwtmnim?
fimft iic?wi mtfm cmm?, tmf cHeitcn mtm Hite? W I T S viiH mitn fficn fim^ i l l im 1 ? I i c m cnmen
mtw? miim fsftft? cmim? icn i mf?m, mti3fii mism n t tm? m vititm? S n fiw
f i ^ N s m t i l t f i m e i ? ^ mwncn cstfwe icm? iei it?efief? S t H csft? n<? wmm i men? t m ? - t ? f i ficmi
mtmi-mteitnt? wm f i n c m i f i f t i k r s ciezFttft c n t c n s t i e s f i ? ? ^ iffii fh? c i i 'at'^C'i' i f t ?^ ntfiw f i w
m f m mrf% nt itHm? vs tmen i ? ? ^ ift?cn S n mfif m t ^ ^ ^ t f n ff f m t c 3 ? mrse? tim mmtm itm? mtm
rnî I c n m r c i c ? m t f f f m e n m f s t e ? ? nt S ^ t c i m w i t f t w t m ? IS? ciiei itHf "fme? ficsfcn nut mm? if?m?
cm?im Sv| i m ? ?Trite? fimim i f i i e n fien t?ti mr^ wtm? i? n t n H m t m mmtiwn mmen
mm? wm .wtfiten stH m r ^ i t m f cuifcn itei W I T tntf i f H ififtei mfStm icutt mittm? wm mfcmi
cim stm? iitlij cm f i e i ic5f mc5f c ^ i i f i i i H ? i c n wim?i? I
i c m ?m m i e i j ? vii?sH ? 5 f i H i k f i icnH n u ml c^^stfti ititm smtcn im cmnt
mtim t n t f i??tt iff memn s mntc? i-- m, ie? I itfim? cw?nten if?ci? wm (to mwm m?,
ifeb-i mrci m^[H mf i fivsnvs-i^ vsj^H cn cmim? ic? i cwmen i f ? i ntfi-vfl? wm i o iw m?, mtm? tntf
milffim? nt f i i e n m j n mfei? it?cl it ^ H cn fiiHiTtn-vfl? wm i e itwt? i i ? , mtSf "mtn mirtm ,i?m
cmim? i f i e i t c ? ?t; t?n-t?m fc^ it?ei tmi vs fifim W I T fto I W im mf^ cw?mtcn if?en WIT <to iw
wfiH flm I m? mtwm tntf fitfiirtien wmftoI W m? vs t m f
fim^ sfiHHff w?ienmfmf??fen mfimm wnffi? itiHif?ci?wm i CitH im, mtwm s cw?mtenifici?
Itfte vii?5H mft? m l i k n i r t i t c ? wtfmten fimim wm 1ft Itwm m? vs t m f itiH if?ei? W I T i o itwm
I f i i e n f n stm? i t ? ifim? wm wffmtei? stH wt^m i m?, fiH 8 cwimen ifien wm n iw m?, mtwm
fifiHfr w i i e n n t e ? i i miêi t m f i?iH f i n cimir i t m f fiifiirticn wm i f t itwm m? ^s mt. vfli. n . - n
fififMt i s ^ t t i e i fwu? Hmrc? cmiir; tnttei? i f t m w?T i f t Itwm i H , i t f 2 F 'mm mtfm s mtwm t m f
s t i m imi fn ?#5tf mwirfsfie fiviivg.(:^-^gjrif^ st^tm? Htfinien wm n iw m; H F | H S cnnten iHcn
iicn wm fiHm c H ' ^ f i ? stH mtc?n i i f w i mr%m? vs wm vs Itwm m, mm C 5 t ^ 8 mt. vfli. n . vgmi-n
mfifim? fimtf w ? i e n t ? i iîrcn stH mt^Hi n f m wmftItwm m n t mtwm t m f fitfiirn? mt. vfli.
i f w i m S F H ? iturif I'fmf m n c i t f n t tmmtf n . - n W I Tftmm m? i f i m iim i f i r ? i f^SiiHm
ncmfen stH f ? cwt vs fim vsrn i cnmren if?ei? wm s o itwm m, ittwm t n t f
t m f fiiem?
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t m f -silt m m
Hifnitmi wu uwm m i , mtt. iflm. n . vaimm'-'fl? titc? tm mm ?5w ^^c vam mSt ie? i c n t n if^f^l,
wu uwm m i va wtt. v f l i . n . - n wu m w m i , m-Hfiu imi, Smtf? ^ n t fi-nva-n m j v 3 f i fiem?
nem s mitwm t m f fiffiuim? wu n IW m i 1 iH f?i? itu mtcitnt n i f f ittiti n t icm mfum
mfimm tieui itek n mtfn cien t n t mteitfu n i it^ cmm m n s ft-fliva itceififif%f
i f ioî mnen mf^ cimtt mn i wiien ti? va nmi iffiH i mfi va m m m ftvaiva-ia?
v a t icm mf&tcn ituci 'nfi mm mfiim wu mtiiii mt cim m m t ut?i^ u iitfi ?fiu ficiw
cifics^ cif ff^ mwmf fimfe -nft fimt nfwcn Hf% ^ê ttc?u I
ftn mn (Sifim tewtm va 'sifii itim, ^vo va c^b- mt^ uiifttimc? mm a cmu im n ci, 'mm-tmti fiucn
v
mtut, ifevi f) I ic^ cmi "mm tew?t 'iii?itte? c?n m m mftm
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iff mem wm cicmtm iten fiiti mtn mm ifevvo Sv| CI cm? Scuti ufim i t m f??^ ifem? m?iti
mten b-io fem n i ^ fem mmi io-oê fifiet uHc? I m m f?m fum? ift cmum? mfim
CIS cw8 m t l fitmf mm \o fificBi mtm mien mmei iticfmcf? va??, w?iii)if? ^ vs wtufii mi^m va
mnen Semn mn i v n t i c m mtiteiin Sift cien ci?t?fen Hewen neittm iff? l U n m iiewcn
iffifi cmtm mn i mtfn cii mtiteim ivft cien iH i m n nien i u cmu ic? i
ifHfif mmi m t i f , vft.cicn iffifif ien i f mtm mti-f?i itfi icj mif imrn^ n?!? f?m
ifiien n u iiten iffifiit, eft cii ^^c ifif titen, lfl cmu n t mti-ffl ifiH? f n f m t?ki?
mifit ciisfi ^^c itf tif i n f tmten iffifiii fitfiini. f?smfmtn im mt i t m f Sm-? l i i m fii?
wtiiit icmt I Hite? tnten mc<?' iH fcte? i i t n ni? cmu ifim
lit icnci mfîm ttiwtff ciHi t m f lem mtm ien? n u ciisfi? iH '^f? ifevs-vft f i li-ê muen
f n n u ftitei W 3 f 5 ? n i vifi c?Hcn tumwcn ntu fiwi,itijv*ci fififten tHm vs fcttiei vaiH mutfii
fm I mutcn wu cifii mem 'ifiei,icim mu fin ftfte? w^rf^ i m m m wtm n i tntti mif
iiiif3R:i itt n I cifiiei itu mt fm-? mm itut n i f i itc tnttf tiu st?Uen fmt wt^m nfi
8 8 - v a Sffi.iti I s i>>4) 1. c?Hi ^ten Hi5 ite mfim ^
o ifiien vaiH fn, imen wu c?fl icutt mrttm
It ic<t I cifien if UifllucufiI tfnmt&imvfit m m wtm n i 'mtn vs fiHHf mfim? vs f iîfcn
ciifti m m . 8vo uwm 8 i ititti i uwuf? u i fiHm itfitt W13C1 f^?t citn fH mtitm fie cutt
nesticm I iHee! m m cit'sfi? f f f?^ ie? i 8 fcm (ifeb-vo)
ift ic^, ifeb-vo mtei Ittitm mfim emu ie? i f f cntm fif? m?m^ ^'f? ?tfi? fim um? uci luifcur
mttiten i?m| iff wm mtmn t m f i c m mtm c? m??ffi if?f^? fH n n t um uci itHit misei
iumwi Hite? cmi cn i fi nufifit nft iffif? ien n f n Itl? um iiH cm cn n t fiiiif% fiutm
ffi c i ^ m ien I wtfvoiten m t
va? cic*tif wm Ht^ n, men? muc tf? Scft iiti ie? i mm f^?t
t
mf %'i-fi mmi v^t mtm wtfmti lUmfn fie?w ut n t tnttci? ICU cifilt tif? f j fim ic? ntf<mt^
fciitc?? iffifif icn i mHm mti-'mtm mti-tnrf? iH mtitf fH mfni itc fifs i,m mt^m wtm i
lUmfn fimiH mtmi ftuvs m t m Stff flcn i . mtittfim? ie?f men? ciun m?Tti cmfmm mtiHi
mtmiten (mit) cmHm fifim ci^?fti3pe% imtH wm usewi vs t m UCI mtim w?ten mf?mn fiewen
fmtti wt'm? uf? imc?wi-n nfu civam uH m^sîfn fius, Hmen mfiim icmn tei ^ fiHg
C i i ien i - a t m enen mitfii fsiwn itu uf Semif um ' 3 ? ^ Sni iiti m i i c m f?m fum? mfi
fien fff? mfie?m I Ulfi i??t i3tim? mtm ciesF^tf mrsFitfim? itc mfim ni4 Hsitn m finf tiu
m n u f i io fmrnn iwm mfieiim mitei im iTtUen uH wtm i ittiti ic^ i c m f f fifii
m itt^ mft ^ iei i cfttucit fuHm tm ittfsmten m m t vs muen mmtt mfim? mwen
fuHnt i icn I ififi mtifii uittmei ftu^fi m iH iiHfH vs ni? iiti m i itfiHu, meu f tfi^,
itei fuel cûn f cmu i u n i tm fft? m mQîm fsf, cmmtfiu, fitiiH, f??lti?i, Stfinim ficmi
m m lew cfrnt^t menen mfuun m iott t?%fif vs f n mt^swtfn mitifn ?T?fti^ ^?^ ^ i m ill
mum mi
mm icneifesHfin itm mtmm mt i Stutf? m i m ff? ifevvo-v8 mif ?5men wufeviw b-vo
fcfm fiiUt imei f i cm m^ mtcum m?f& n i n uwm bbo men uewt m[cun im mt i itcwct t f f
t m f fifcm
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Contents
t t t l f t t ? t t f tttRt
ttfttfl C f C g t wtl
TO? f f e i J T O s s t p t ^ t ^ t r t t T O t t R t f tAtAt f t t t R f C t R Ct, t t R t C t t ftTO Wftff cffff
(to R R ^ \b=1IWt tJt tTOf 2 t ^ i f t t I R t t R W t t R t f w f t t > l t t f A Atftt t t R t f f t t t C R t wftC^StT W?t TO? C f ^
W l R l R t k ? t t t ^ fifAt TOT At 1 C T O T O W l t t R t At, S A I R t t f ^ W t A f Wt?ffftCA R?tt t t W S f t A J f f f c t t f t C t R t ,
t t R T C R c f t T O wftttt A t f A f t R R t f l A t t C R t wftCB^ cttct f i A f t f wtat^ t'wtro f f c t t t t f Rtffc t t t T , t t ^ tro
W ? t I RttMmctt ASf At W t ? f f t 5 t C t t ASf, t A l C t s - ^ s , (WtatA) R f t f t R f f f t A R f C A R f t c t f f TOl RtAt f t T O tf-
ffttit AT R ? t t fftttt W t A f W t l A T t # T O wftttt t t A t t t R t t t t f R f C t t RttTCt C S j f f TO? R t r o A t t f f t T O StTrcttR^
( R t ^ t f t f ftfsarf, i i / i V b ^ ) I
R t f A t t t C f TO? l i l t t t W f C t C t t S t f t W T f t T t t t t C t f t W
TOt C T O t T g t t R T f R C A R R R l f t t R t t T C t t R ^ CTOtt A r o TO? t t f R f t t t R?tt RtAt f t s f , Aro stcTCf TO?
fCt C t , 1Aftt WtalAA f H l f , f t f t C t t W t A t C t t Rtfff, R T 5 R . SttA A f f ^ f RtftttCA ttf I
fwfRCtt g t f , t t t t R s e f t ^ ^ ft^ R f f t C f W t t t t f f-Rftftt 1 A f t f WtAS f f t t t f C t t Ct, R f R R t f t l i l f t tfttttf^

f t t t C A f i t t s f l t t C f A , tAtCts R t t t f f t t t r ^ A , t A J S t t C RtftCf TO? t r o R f R R t R T WtalA^ W t f f C T i^fTAW TO? R t t A W t f t
Wtat^ t f t t f t R t C A f t f ^ f f t t t C f t TO? A t t T O S ^ fAttCtt
WftCtt A?tAt ftro W t f t , t R , A f , tTs^tff Rttf, RtttfWf
W o t f t t t C ^ t , R f f C t A W t l t s T O T R f A f t f t t f J t t T f t t T C ^ t '^K
RttRt R f f - f ? P t f t f f c t C t R f R R t f t RtTm TO? t t f t f
tft WtRRtCtt Rt5R f f ^ f t f t R t f C t t C t t t C ffcAtfW
f C T O CWm R T O I tAttt f t t t R f C t t C t , R f R R t ^ W f a t f t
fIttlCAt I
AtRt t A f t t WtatAA t t R tRAtTO t I 3 t t t A t t t tro f f t C f
TAttt ttfCR tnft Att fAtRTA RlRt^tA 'WtRttft
I f t let I
^tlttaft-'ijt s t f ^ f f Wtft CTOtt fCttAlAtCts RAtt WtatA
lit f f R t R t liitt ^ t C t t R t f R t t t t f t f t t R ? 3 ! ^ rot
C t t W t A t C t t t 5 f t t f t t f t t f f t t M c t A f f t t W t T , stf ttftr^
C T O t t ftttct f t c t f c 1 lit C T O t t t c t " S f f t t a t f f t f RctTO
t t R A CSttt t s f t t f C l t , f t f t litCf W t C t t S t t c g t ^ 2tfte
W f R t t A R t f C t ( ^ f A f t C S f t f , i A f C t ^ , ifetrss) I
w f t T O R T f 5 t s f t t T f t t f R t t A W t f t RCtT R t t T CTOtt TO?
f t s t t t R R t f t A A t f f R T t R R g t t T O ' W t t t stWtCat
l i t f t W t f f t W t ^ Attf W t l t A A f ^ t t f C t t RCtT R f R CttCt
ttSfttf TO'Wt'-t i b - A A f t C t ^ , ifeb-8 R t C R lit R C W T Wfl%
^ f T O W A T O t t t A m\ l i l t t m t f f t t t t S t T O f C t t AtAtC
A t I 8(t WtfR?ftt S A f t C<Tt tAte C t t t T O f C t 1 t f c f ^ f
wtatAt f f m^ CTOtt (Rtttff WtatA), wt^ ftft wtt ftRtCt C t TO R ? f t '3 C t t StffS fla ? I C t T W t t t f t , t T t f f t
ftAtCf'S S t t R t t fftc f f c t t , R t t t WtfA S f f Ttftt W t R - ' W t R t R W t R - t R R t f , Rttfwfwt, RCtt RlttAIR f f t t C t t R
tftro ^ f f t s f f ^ mx t t t f A t c R t f C t t ^[ftt t t f t c t i f
W f f T O f S f t f t t s t f f f f t ftctttct S c a t c t t t T I
f t t A t t f C f I tAttf W t l t t f f t t t R t f ttf'WtCt fttt?RfA
f T 5 f t t trtf t ^ t t ttttf ttttt tit R c t R A t r o
tlTOttC?t W f f t t C T O t t f C t t AtAlt R t f C t t t f , W t ^ , A R ,
t t t c f t s f f t w f t a e ^ f ^ fAtfc R t Aro w t ^ wtro
Rtrm, R t R ^ t?tttctt f t t t t A ftf% TO? R t r o stcttt
lilA? w t f t t M t C A CRtfCt R t t f t f A ^ C ^ C t fft.Sc^t S ( f t t
RttwfR ^ t t r o f f R t R t f t c f t R t R f A ' ^ R t A t f t , AtAtC
f f t t t C R T O Ate R ^ f t i C t f f R f t t t T stTtAlCtt R t f t ^fAT^
A f t RCSf W t t J t f ^ f l t R t ? t R t t tTO?trftR wftftt'SfftT
f C A I RCARR f t r o ffAt-iilt f f ^ f f t t t .ffitttftfett
TO? c f t f C t t t - f f t r o R C t T Rtt f i t , T | f t , t t l C A f , W t t f
t t S ^ A f f W t 3 t Rt C ^ f a r o W t T R t R T C t t t f C A t s f f t W t A T O
At^t1A R C t T f T O S F I T ftTO TO? AtAtC s t f t t C t t s t f t il??tCA
W t T O I R t f t f t f % R ftt t t W t lilMtftt f f f . t t | f ttft
A T T t i f T O t f ^ ' W S t StTO f t t A t t t C ^ t t r o f C R ftftt W t A f
fttett tttlJff tftfwTO f f ^ f f t t t fffRftfett Rft
^ T t t C W T t S f t t t t f t c t Rt 1
W t ^ a l W t f f f R?Aft W T t fR?A f f t r o f t t ' t f W t C t t t f t t
tAftt t t R t f SttAt R t \ f f f i^ftAtfRf f f t f t t ' S t t l f t
At-TO? f f lilR'S-iilA C t f C f f % f f f % f W t t C t A S f f f c t t t RlttCtt
f t T f s [ t T ^ f C t t TO? ATAftT R t t t W t f C f iiffft R t t w f R
s f f t JtAit ^ t t f t t A R I RCARCAA l i l f Sf^jfCA ttft S f C B t f t
f^rnfA R T t StAtt f f t t C f t , C t R T t t t A C R t f f f
t t R t f ttft f f f f t t f t e w t S f t ? R t f t t At lilA? t t R t f ttf'WtCt
t t t C ^ t f f f # t C A t R C t T R t A t R t t A TO? f f t H T O t C t l R ? j ? f t
ftTO, f ^ t t f t R?apl^ CWCtt f f C H t e ? t tttt t t R t t f t f W ^
tftAtCf I
R ? a i t 3 cwett s t e S t f R RtfAtt ^ f r o f t w t i t t t f - t t f c t t stft
vs w t ft-t R t R T C t t R ^ f t C R , W t t f R ? t T C W W f t s
W f ^ T t W t T O AA I W t f f t f w t t sfei^ R C t R C t flRltf?fnt W f t l
A T O R ? t t f f t t t t W t f t C f t f t ^ l R T O WtT lilt StiAA Stft Ct
F f f f f t t k f ' j f s f ^ AtrottCAt stetfwfAT f^w
s r T l t t t f t t t C A tAt f t t TO? A f A t f ftCft R f R f f^lf
f J t A T l i l f f t CWf5-fRCtCtR= C<Tt f t t f C A W t f f t f W t C A t T t f t t
R t R I t t RRtTO R f R C t t t t fAftt i^C R t t t WtfCf
W t t W t ^ W t T O At I l i l f sf^JtCA t f % t W f M t t R?tTtRf
W t t W?T Rttttffro s r f i t t R ? s f t C t RAftt TO? t t R t f
t t ? ? ^ t A l W ^ ^ q f f o ^ ' i i t w i T f t f t ? ' f i g f f ^ ^^fltt t f f ^ t
t t f "Wf W f ! t t f R t f C t t ^tftm V3 T t f t t f f i f l t ^ s i f f f t t StTO
W t f t f t ^ RtftftTO Wtftt f f t WtCRtRCft stft R W CiTtRfCA^
fCt I
ttRtf fttCfIt
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Contents
(th-O
nt=T cm<m m wtm wtm n i mtm Hfiittm fitfimra tmft fim? wîflH ^ ftmm? iH wieuTt?
ifwitstan ftfii fi#mi fim m mt ns, vswttfi-mfa iiiHe vit wi3ei fintm? wm S^ Htm? mftt ftitc?
cmrfn fifii inaitm i w i titntmi wm laift ift viiiH msi tmft f i f f i i T i i ? wtcmten fm met i i f e o v s i.
ntm ifift i k n fim^ mi i m i m wt&mi itfti ^[it mm wtfif iciew? mm fi? mtft mi itHn wtff?
(Gold Coast) W13tH H f t cmt wmIt itij Itmr <M\F1 wtft? iQif mmm wtemfw n mm fintien wm
vs Sf?H n e n mw wmtuo mfiim w i ^ wimi mi 1 m t (iiiH ftfii fitfiirti? ftien icmwftim ?T^ icn (.
iftm im fmrai ^s itm Ss.itii ffiii wm itfti wuci? fffi it% CI, m?i[itn vsirmc? mmn vs fifii mw, >[.
ciivsfii mmfi ^ fti cmft srmm wfmtm? Sn -si^ <bo) 1 v i t i t ?n? 'm?fs" m t n t m vaim wtft ifimm
wtrmi mn i mmt cnt ftcn Sn mitcmi mr^sticfi fitfimmei 1if Hifimtn' mmt fim finmcn wm > i i i H
s j f ii<ili f t w i c n I micmt i i o f t f i n mewi wtcitfs mssfmgfimmfiicnmHwim i 'tmiim?"-'fl?imm
n I vflt mimt (ife-ivvs) mftf m-fti ftnmtn im=#i cmmm c?mwSifH wtma wfpi itH Sitn ien i t m
ftitei m i f nen wm fimtf? mm n ( i v - i o fmmn, I'sm wtft C5t*|ffvs viiiH fifii fiffim? ifim nici
i f e v 8 i t e n t i f i i i t u i t i f i i t c ^ m i t c 1^) i n imi2i fiH icn (itvs^, % bo ; . vsmfii wrm,
cm^m tnrtft nrnt iff memt % nem ciw ilffc Sfii iei mstft fmtcn f5m-c5m mm, ii, % i i v s ) i
i f e v v b men vb-fe wtfttff v f l t m m -wff^ n i m i m i f e o v b 1. ^tci vaiH fitfiiiti? ftien im? ien
mtfwfimtci wtfinfiime? vswttfim mni ftmte<t cimit im cmtmci!? vitfeiiiti if?i^?m (Mohammadan
n I tm? I C I mtfwfim vsmtfi-? sv^n nm n i t ic? i Educational Conference)-n mmtff WC?^ c m F t t f t
mfii nft icimt? feo im wteitujfflc tnttei? ijtHm wtmm wtm f i ifeovis mtei? i i - i f e fSen? mm
I C I imi ftmtft d i v s f i i ^ Tj^ft^ ftjifn imi fn ifim W f f ^ i?ite?ei mi c?vam m ffi cien -at wisei?
fitmis w s f v F f l l I-icim Smifm fc^m mte? cm? wfim? ificifm: n H fiifmmien icmwftim nr^ icn
fiftit ci^m n mt i fifim? f i ? ^ itfii w1tifi wmmtei? (film wr?gm, ?'s?ts i f f m s f n vs i i , ^. isb) i
fim im n v n t wfim tmstTtmen ItH wtm mi if^?nt? fH mm, 'fifii i m f^ mm s^ Htm? wm wtm i n
vai?m ?T?ff fitfim icitfs uewi iicn wm wtn eim? itl -flt ciei <aiH fiifim? iffl ivsm Sfu
cusiH? if wtm wtm n i -at m m emit ie? c?, (Report, All India Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental
mfii fim^ fifiim wltifi wiifci. i? ifim? icutm Educational Conference, p. 92) i
cit cien it?ctif vg ^^mm? Sn tm vîft mim i icm nmSfe ^fti i?m? fiHi mien i t f i ? cifw^vo i j ! , i ^
f i w ^ m ?ien t n f i i vs wtfii mtmm men iit tt m t e n 8 -aHti 'mi? -aiH wtmfii fiifimtn ifif?
emit im n I emit cn I iiî^ I7m a? ^ Wt^ ?rm(Sir Robert
1 ^ tmft i??t iff icmt wmt wftten emit Nathan)-ci m i H ifim -aiH ifft i k t im m mm
im n (vi3 vsti^îilt, i f e v v b I t e i i i t f i tifii tcsin, tifii ifift? wm?rnni?vsm wtf C5t*ift imfi fitfimen
Itim vstifiiitmi) I n H tmfii %tfW W f n (Faculty of Islamic
i fi # s ?m Hi^le Sfifi t Studies) i k n im? ?se?? i nf^^ m? i ? < M ? v a ^s.^^
mtenSf^wmi I t e i ? 8 - a f i i n ien mme? imfi fiifiirtm? w ^ ^
tmnff tm^RiiJMii s fftm, mtiteift i t f n f f i <aiH tntfii ^^tfw wfn i k n im? ien i fif mm
wtcmien m , mil fftm i n ^^:c ie fis fis ifwci ifiH tmfii %tfw. w^men if??e tiici im wf?cn
firmtn itc l o fis fis S ^ fftm- icm ntmsci? iPn (Faculty of Arts) w ^ ^ vaiH fitel iHl ie?? nt
itc< fftm-Htittn cwm i ? T i i f ftmm itf%mtit- ftiifs i f e i i mfei mi f i i f i i j t i ? iffl itei m wficn wfeit
mn ftei i i f t v a i ? wfi? S n w?ff i i f e i f e mtci? i i wt?ft vs tmfii %tfw me? vaiH fiten ?imam i n
ie^ ifm ?tif fwmS? n m tm f f % i ^ ftn ?>en i (?vsmwtf c i f t # s f n vs 11, f i i 8 , i l i ; wt?ft mm vs
tmft f?ifim?-vii? w # o tfmi iiteitnt iei cm itftm f i w c i mi fiifiiiticn w m ( i f e i i - i f e f e v i s ) , ^. ba;
m C I , i i f t i f I t e i tte?w wfimen i v s ?n? n i i v o i. A. K. M. Ayub Ali, History of Traditional Islamic
mtei tteisf mn vsmcn ctF^t ifimm mtnrm ifist ien i Education in Bangladesh, p. 85) i
f i n cmt v a t wi3ciitftrtfiifimewcizi ftHi v ^ f i r i f e i 8 mtei? v i i f e f i i m "cmteim vafem vattwf
s fuem? fH n i Hti itft? mest wtffi wtcmn ifiH" (The Muhammadan Education Advisory
C1VS1IT I t n Sfi ( i b - v b v b ) memien ime? n t ifiitm committee 1914-15) mm <aiH mcncnwicmmic? i
tmf H i e i m
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Contents
<?b-8 trnfffiffwH?
^ >ic*iiiw tmff ffffutrm 2if%#m ftifim i f e i ft mn purpose of confering upon them academic
If itiRi, fif t m o v Q wtiif?it nst ttm m ut I digrees, diplomas, oriental literary titles,
(A.K.M. Ayub Ali,fift'S^,1. fe^) i tt m m wife? licences, and marks of honour". (sft'Q^, i i i ) i
fif5 lift vs Kicn fttfii timm? wu ifeoi mi tit Uft muu fmts S ^ f??3i I U n t f?i's
"The Muslim Education Advisory Committee" UW w?w stfticn fim? cu? iu? wu i f i H liiiH t m f
wte??# ?5fif& ikt mm m i 'ifii ifift' ftm? tfifs fitfiuiicn steuwfim wfo? ie? i mum Sn m t ?
(m^, % iob-) iHf tm c ? 5 i ? m ? m i fim CUC55? tf Hue? iHH uicm i i t i ie? n t i f l n
"Willie? v s i i i r c ? umtm" we?*t cir^fttfr uîtu Hucn sfeuw? W5? ie? i it i f i H fitfim ic?, "The
#i^^nm tmmif i i i i i wrif?te? liiift'wi?fr tmff University when establieshed, will in the
f?if?uie??iu?uffiuu?? iff?tm?f?im?mtu?? beginning be an affiliating one, but should be
wu ifeio I t e i ?ifî Seute? uSm?? ifBu mt? w ^ i developed gradually into one which will also
ilfff ?f? i f w ? tie liut' ttm? U i e i e ? s f t ? i? m deal actual teaching and research in the
i i i m w f i i ^ s l i i e ? ? 'ii?t2te?twf?t(?i I t f t e i ? wuu?m University itself." [um "fiffiutlUt i n s t f f ^ itc?
2tfft cwm l i i i f t c u ^ ? k t i e ? ? i i f e o * uc? usuu mi ii ?i:t tit vfliH u f i 5 f ^ i ? i fiifim? ftite? mw
mff ^ t lilt fitHulie?? ff%2m fit? I C ? ? n t lilt iHc?, H f ifl^mc? tuns I f l i ? ifliH fiiHutic? Sff iHc
fiifiuiie?? u n ? ? i u i ? " u ^ i f U mvsi w t f t 'uf?f itc? C I U C ? fiifiuHc? ifmme?? fiwt 'Q ie?iu iis wuti
fiifiuti?" (. f f i I t H c i , t t s ^ , 1. bH) I . -smf? Ufie?]" (sfta^, 1. i i o ) I cic? Utm iflitm t ^ Iim icgvs
mffgmui iti u t c i i c ? ? uf?^ fl? i f ? ? t ? w u s f f ? 2tm? fif? f i i f f i i ivs?t? I C I mu m? um?? i u m i?
i e ? i (. gfwn ?m?, itauu tmititf, ufii wi-tvsfi, mi
liifici ifesîs-gi ltd Uftu ficmi ifift? imtH
i f e v s i uei d e ? usit lii. c i . i w f i n ( i b - i v s - i f e ' j j i ) mfi fiwtilf t m cUU^ %fi cuen u f u r a 'fifii
w f i o ^ utu? a t n ? iff K 3 ? i ? t? im Seuiei ifeôb- itei? fiifiuti?' s t f t e csft? f i i f i i ie?? ( i t ^ , ^. i i i - i i ) i
11 ^ T t t " U S I U f i w i ifift" (The Madrasha Education ifegfe ltd usmu mi?i f? (ib-'!sb--ife^v) imtfef ift
Committee) 1ft itlici m 'um l^' ifift U e i Ut "tt c?tn liifeiiui firSi f i n t t m i f i H " (East
(A.K.M. Ayub All, t t ^ , % i i i ) l ifevofe ItCI ClC? Utit Bengal Educational system Reconstruction
19. CI. iwfi n ifiitm mffu itmn? n f?m? fi?f Committee) mten fiit iHt? i m C i i I C ? I S^
wfto stm u f f i Hue? utn? ifiei miu tmff ifiH utfii fiwt vs muu fiwt? itm? ifim wu
fitfiuii? 8ifm uHc l i i i H m ? i f i f i m? ie? i mite?? "tSfimfiH m tntfii llHt" (University of Islamic
I t f i ? cstfwe fH ? f i e i ? , "l intend to bring into Learning e|f#? Hen ieitwf ?I1 Sesi ic? i (its^, ^.
existence an Arabic University. 1 am waiting the ibi, ibH I ) t m n ifefti men o wtfUf < t i i # i f?
report of the committee which has been set-up ttfimen i m ifl wm mlS? ?iui uen itifef
for the purpose and 1 shall do whatever is possible f?-itfim? fiwt I t m ? i f i i i (The Educational
for the implementation of the recommendation Reforms Commission East Pakistan, 1957; stt^
of the Committee" ( s f t s ^ , % i i o ) I U ? e l C ? " i t s U 1. i^fe), ifeftb- men oo fSem wm i f l i . n . i f e i ?
1^" i f i H i f e S i I t c i mm?? f i e t f t ct? i e ? ? i lat i f i H imifef wtf? fim ?5fin (Commission on National
tite?? i?e5e? uf f =f ftif?i f t f t e ? ifimm liiiH t m f Education, 1958; i t ^ , ^. i i i ) n t ifeô iten o i
f i w l H l W fisHutl? (University of Islamic Learning) C I f? itfim? i?m . I f l i . n . cmtt? (t?iifc mt
sifti? S i m ? ica? I fitfiiitie?? Situ?)-n imtfc^ ' t n t f i i - v f l U f i i
ifift? fttfif fn fint s "That the proposed tSfitflft ?rfim?-ife'Jso-'Js8' (Islamic-Arabic
University of Islamic Learning be established University Commission-1963-64) lit it?tfn i
for the purpose of ascertaining, means of (sfta^, 1. i i ^ ; . f. cntm? mf tatfif, utiteiei t m f
examination or otherwise, the persons who have fim mf vs ?m, 1. bri) I i m muen Hetft stmfi
acquired proficiency in different branches of ^d's cicn m#en wmmen uH umf? i? m i
Literature, particularly in Arabic Literature and ihbs itd i? itfimcn mf? i?? mifi cuuen
Islamic Studies, Sciences and Arts, and for the m mt-wum ufi? stfiestfwe Uiiten itduuc? n
tmf Hicm
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RRTiRCt t t R t f t t t t t W t R t f t t t R ? C t t t t t f t t t C f t ( 2 t f t f # e t f ^ f t f t ? csfffe^ R t t f t f w t ? a f t i R f f w t i S ? ?Attc??

WtWtt, i A WCtm, ife-bS) I 1^ tR? tSct^ R T C R f?1RtC3? ffft f C ? ( s t t s ^ , f . ifeb- ; . f C t f t T O w t f t t f f f f
m^ t t f t f tAtfwtRt fitffte CtRtt C t ^ t t A t (<^^^, iA f S.8) I
t S c t ^ , ihhS) mx A ' l C f g M f , ife-bft R t C R ^ ^ f t C t t t R t f f f f t ? fttf?tf litflC^bftf fftrctt f t ^ t S ( f ) ttRtftf
ttftttltRA fttCtA C t R t t C t t ( J t f t f t t f f ^ , A t Ctgnttf, % t f ^ W f t d T ? w f t R ffStf'afR t f t ^ S ( i ) "wtf-f?wi? ^
ife'Jjft), t f f lilt R f R S f f f j p f ? t # A A t t i t I % ^ ftWR" (tft let W I R - f t W R iil t t R t f t f % t f ^ ) , (A)
tAfSfe Rt^SRlAt t R t f M 3 l i l t t Cb^'tlt S p ; isttt t l S f l t C t t S f f S - t f R 'SAtt-Rt'^tt^ (?tte? Rt'Ât i i l t t R t f t f
tCailCt l i l f t t t R R t f f t t f t t J l R A <tfftR S c t J t t atAt f C t A i ^^tffw), (o) WtR-AtffR ^Rf f f S R ' A f f t (ffsftC? WtR-AtffR
tfft i S i t o RtCR wrft t a j t f a r f R '^sittR t f A f W R R t R R t f iil t t f l f t f %lftw), (8) Wtt-tf?tA ^ f ^ - t f t l A (ATOte?
f A t f t t l t f t ' RtCt lilfft 9mi f f c t t lilA? c M f t CtCtt R t C t TSflt? ^ f t f f t f ? T O ) , (ft) W t f - f t f R t f t A W t - t t t ^ s f f 'SRtR-
C t t t t C t t t f C t t I lilt S t R C ^ i S i t o , ifelio ife^ld- RtCR f f f f W t t R t f I ( t ) R t t f t f ^ RRtW f f T O W f t e t ? w f c ? f f o t t s f f
f C t f f t R C t R C ? A W l C t t S R f C t t l i R ? i f e t S RtCR ^ f t t f t t l l R C A t AttaPCt ( i ) ' w R f tRt ^ RtfAT, (A) ?t?Rt tRt ^ Rtft!,
f t w a W t f ^ r t f t f o t C A f f C t R ( a t t t R R t f o t 'feo, f . \5fe) i ( 0 ) t t R t e t ? t f f A l t R?ff, ( 8 ) w f f t , ( f t ) ? t | f f f
t1?RlCtCt? W f J t C A t t A R t ^ R t t t l R l f ?tt^ StfttC CRt^P-stttt?, (b) f f t l f f f t f ^ , ( t ) t t t ^ ^ ( t r ) Atf^tW! 1
C s l R t t t C t W R t f t t l R A f t f f s f ?t35 R s t t t , R t i o t t t ^ WlC=tttRt ^ ( t ) f f ^ W f t C ? ? w f c ? f ? t t ' Q f f tttat^Ct S ( i ) t t t f f f T O , .

AfS^tftf R?tkt? t^ ^5tc t t R t f f t t f t t J t R t a t f f t e Rtft ( A ) t f 2 t , (io)?Rt??, ( 8 ) f % f f ? t l t , ( f t ) f t f f f r l t I
S 1*1 ft A t c t t C f I t t t f f c R t g t R t ^ WtC=5ffR? ftf^ tAf W l i t M t t i t R c t t w f c ? f C t f l t t t f t f t f t ttffe?s
9m ftftctt fttftctt ff%c f t f ? Rftfff wtt? sftttf (1) ft^rf (Sf?? t ? f t f t f B , (A) W f T O s t f t t R fre?t, ( ) t t i s f t w
(ttftfc CStfRC^) tf? cetfRC^ t W f t f t ? A ? R Wt*[f?f W t R ? \S f ? f f R f?et? ^ fttt t?ftftft 1
fftn? t t t t t t t f t t R t f f f t t t R t A ? R t t e ? ? R C t ? ih^-b R t C f ? : feat! C?, l i t f?tf??!tRet? w f c ? f R ?t?-Rtt?tRt s t f f ^
i fCt^ R t ? r t f t C ? C?Ct lilfft t t f t f f A t f f n t f ? s t f f t R fffTO W?! f t t f t f t t f t t f C t ? C?tte? fttffilfRC?? Wt?tfRf
C t R t t C ? ? lil?? f A t a f f f ^ R W?T f t 3 l t t f t tef f t R fcRfCtI tf^, ftff, f t 5 t f ? R ^ - R 3 f t t t S ? t f f t c ? ( S t t R R A t f ^
i f e t t R i C f t A t W t f t t f f i r s R t t l f f t t f A t W t J t t f S iflR. lil. 'feio, f . 8 o , ftio; The First Statiute of the Islamic
Atf (^flft?-Rttf, t t f t C A t tff Alt ffolt, ttWttf University, p. 5; A.K.M. Ayub Ali, s f t s ^ , f . Aoi) i
fAtfttTtf?)-iil? R t t f C f R t tltjRffi lilfft "tRRtf Seat! c?, i f e t s R t C f ? fe Rwf? w f f ^ s j t t f f t
fftfttrtf? tftfwtt f f t t t iSiii" (The Islamic University- f f f t ff^' R C t f C ? T t f t f f t f f t l l R C ? ? s t e f T O . f A f t t
Scheme Committee 1977) f t ? f C t R ( t a t t f C t ? w f f R f s t f f f t ? A T O ?t?fte?ct? s t f f f f f t fARte? C t t t T O f c ? ? i
WtCRfR ? S r V / 5 - 8 8 / 7 6 / 6 4 dated 2 7 / 1 / 1 9 7 7 ; 1ft ^ RCtRC? f t f R R C t t R f C A t t f t f f f t f w H ? stfftR
A.K.M. Ayub Ali, a f t s ^ , f . i f e t ) i c t t f C t ? ( f t ? R t t t T O , fe) i t r o t ? i f e S I RtCf? O i
^ l i t f f f t f?ct1ct? f c M T (Terms of reference) R t C f Rf^. Atc V l i j f ^ t w C R t f "wttett R ^ t f e f w t . ft.
?Rt A? S ( i ) f f t f f ^ t C ? ? f t f f s f t t f R t t f t f fftr? R t A ? (OIC)-'iR f e t l t C t f t f t t f t c t ? Rl^sJTO R t f R sjtttet?
fttC? f t t A R ? ( A ) f ? *llf*tC4 R t S t t t f f t t f f t C ? f C f t t f f RAACt l i l f f t Wt^Wtfff t t f t f RCtR? W f f f e A? I l i t R C t f C ?
t#?1 tAl? f ^ R t t ? f ? t TO ? (\5) t t f t ffttn?f?fS f t c t t ftfS f t f f t c t c t t t f i f f f ^ f A t l t f ? S f f f ^ f t t f t t
ttTO f ^ f f t t t C ? ? T O ? I ? f t f f l C ? f t t TO ? f c a t J C ? , f t t A ? I lilt S t f C ^ 'OIC t t f t f RfR!tf?ft f t R A f?fS
f t C t t ^ Rtfff (St f t f f t t t R t f f?tf?tItR? CflTO f t f t t C t t R?ff W t f f f R A e ? t f f R W t t t f C?? I t A t t C i t f f ^
f f t ? f t t TO, l i t f f t ^ R R t ? Scîftl f f ^êt, l i l t t C ? fft^ ifeSfe RTCR T t t t t iitt>ft wffR f t f t A t TO?. i i l . TO.
R t t T R f f ^ t c t , f f f f f f f C ^ R t ACA, f f t t R < 3 i ^ ^3 a f t t t f t f m. tRtW fM? C5t*^tCf s t f W t f t T O f f f t f ^ f ? t A t ( S t t R
f t t l C t t f f A t c ? , f f t f t t t t w e f t a f C t t W ? A t e ? , ff1eA ?I3J R T O f ? 'fe\5, f . fti) I
f f f?1e?t A t e ? tTtff f t t c ? l i t f f f l t fttftt f f t e t ? (sftt t f t e t C ? R f R W W A t - f W T O W?Rt? t t t t t t ttstWtlt
R R t t f ? 'S)\5, %8o)\ ?t?RtC?t R t f t c t t RAttt?! (StfRCiB^ Cf S CW?te?R ( T O S ) fw?lft
f f r o t f f w t f R t t t c t t A i t t R t e t t i f e t t RtCf? A f t c f f t t f ? A T O f t S ^ , ff. lilR. ft. AA R C ^ , ifetfe f , ft W t A t t t ,
a ! R R ?A?C? lilt f l f f t ? s t t t f t f t ? f C f t t ? f C ? ? t t f W i^\rb tt?Rt/ i f A l t t t t i 8 o o f t w f tf?et Wt*[f?f f f S T O ,
W t T t t f W t f f f W R ( f f t t tatlRC?? R t f t f s f f ^ tit) S t f f o R R t w f f t \s w t ? ttta? Rtet ft^Rft's ttRtf fftn? RAA?
flCf? (Sft^ f . i f e b - ) |:-W?etet,iilt f f f f t 1 R t R f c t R tftjftt R t t ? t s f t t t R ^ W ? t f % 5 2 t f f f t T O W?T f f t t f - t e t R CWTO
f f t T O t t A o w e t t t ? , i f e l l R t C R i o f B w t J R R ? f R ii1ff& f f R ttfttRt-^ftRfC? t t f t f f t t f t t r t f C t ? ftftASt
t t f t f fttCfR
t.ft.ft/'is
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a\rb
ftn i m (A.K.M. Ayub Ali, s H ^ ^ , f. I o i ) i .it I t n , ( 1 ) f n wtftci imtm fiwta S p i fiHiimi, ()

Httwtn n H wfswtfn HfHum itn cit wfit w if? mmi îcn fiHi cwo? Sû? fiwt icnm
lf??n C i f i c v s ^ fmtS? icim, " I hope, this muc? cici n H fiti fim-?i?ft i?cn "it^ mwr w w ?
university will set-up a bridge in the field of (A. K. M. Ayub AH, it^, f. ifeb-; icmtti, tntf
exchang thoughts among the intellectuals of the fitfiiiti?, i f e b b - , f. i ) I lit fiifiiitic? mmi fiwt ? i ? f t
world" (A.K.M. Ajoib Ali, i f ' S ^ , f. l o o ; The itca mi fimfcn wm ff%fn (Backgound) cmm
Bangladesh Observer, 2 3 November, 1 9 7 9 ) i ftitc? i o o imm?' 'm?ff v3 tntfimi n t itntm fiwt
ih(t m wfi wfiiicn itim tntft fitfimcn ii?fr ^ c mi Hwtffcn cwcat i o o i^c?? ttc?fw mmfii
Itfii Spifiiwiitticitfiitcmtw<Fi5i I m o f i m ?tit n ( t m f fitfim?-H-?tfii ficifS', b ^ - b r ^ ^ / b r i - b - v ,
i f e b - o ltd? 1 1 tcm wtf? I t i c ? " t n t f t fitf??Jti? nti Sfeb-b-, f. o o ) I
liUtt b r o " (ACT NO. X X X V I I OF 1 9 8 0 ) i t ? 1 ? (The ifeb-1-b-b-fiwt?i ^^c')i^ litQ tmfii f f w ' W f m
Bangladesh Gazette, Extra ordinary, dated 2 7 . wt? i f f m nt i l ? f ? i v3 ntw fismwfic? 'w^ffH'
1 2 . 1 9 8 0 , p. 0 1 ) I i f e b - i l t d ? v 5 i w t f f t f t i t i i f t ? i i f fisti i ? c n mnm fimcn fim iitiHi mmm
? f ? 5 t i i . 'ii.'fli.'iii. n r n w Sfi c5f*|ffci i ? i t ? i n tti- I
u j t c n ? f i c i t i ?^c?i I 11 mten titfH m?m? . lii. n. n .
fcm, ifeb-b-
tntft fiiHmc?? iti-wicii?, <^wt?t?, c?fwSt?ii mimwSfi c5f*[ffci rm mfif itc wmtiHimic??
c ? i H i i ^ H s ^ - w t f t f i c i t c i ? i t i i c i itHwrm-ioitifca liiit mt fitHmcn tnten tHm mtfH fimen
tntff f i i f i i j i i ? i i i T t c i ? Sm'i?^ ^m^R i i ? i i f e v i i c m . fli? fim^ trnmci mine?? wmr t m f
I t c i ? o o C I tntff HiHutic?? i f t e i ? i w t l f ? t t i t c ? i fftfimticn mti-mten? ftme? ficmi m? m? i tm
i ? i t c ? ? l i t i t ? ] c i f i c ^ d s cw?tc?i ( w ? ! ) fw?tS? m t i i t f ? ^ iicn n c mA^ mwt? mtmrcn % n vsfiwt m i ^
i t l t l ??? if??t? i ? c?ci? ?r5^?fi w?ft? if?u? i ? mitftu^î^:fltm-?em w*cn w?ii f?tH?iti?fmiên
n t i f e b - 1 l t d d s c w i t c n liits. mm c i c i ? wm wm ?itn wtcmm ic?rid i s Hein^ ifeb-fe l t d
i l i i c a ? I ifeb-1 l t d ? i i j w t f i t f f i i?iwtf ? t t i t c ? i Hifimnen m i n t Q nt iHm mm i? n t m?m? iff
i?itc?? I t i f t ? i ? t ? i f i t l wtfirf? ?i?t? "itmti c i t c n iiicn n times? mme? i wiâiSl, i f e f e o midHtHmmei
n " ?tcmH I d ? H H i ^ ftn ?jc?i I itff^ mmti ite ftm^cn f i W 3 c n I i f e f e o men o-
ifimt cviic?<i' tiiift f i t f i n j t i c ? ? i o % H f ? m w e^Rgsmff ntf? i m iff mf wti? w i i c i ? wif? mtme?
C i ? ?t if?ct mmfii m m m ? i t c ? ? ifiici iiHmmt t m f fitfiiiti? Sm men mmim itf%tm -fumfc?
- f i f i f c ? f i i t c i ? I t w f f i ?tcn I ifeb-i l t d ? I i ^[itt ftimenim cmitm? i citie<ifefeo mten ^ 8 ci^mf
d s c w ? f c ? i tiitu. m. mt? t i i t i t c oo f i g Hs S ^ iiiwrf mtmreii i?men fiwf igin? mt?f? ?@if?
itfi? cnm c?tt^?iwtc??f??JBiif mc?t?iftc?flf??tcn wtc?i3Fei n H H ^ m? ie? i S^ f i s a f ^ mm fini s.
1 tim ff% sr? ftn i c n i fitfiirticn n t c s f i i 'mm, iit mi?, iofe^b/is c j R m t f i i f e f e o mt its/i-ts-
i i n f i i m n f ? H ^ w ? i t t t c i t f i f c n w u (to n?wH e.b-1/iio-fiwttnff fiifimti? (mteiffi) wfSmtm i f e b - i
w f i i i i i # ? t cmc? S p i f n ? 5^
im9 w?iii i t c i i ifeb-s/ira- n mm 8 (H) crnmen n t i b - ^prt i f e v o mHd? wteii
Hrmc^ i n i (mm?) c!ft% f ^ W?T nu^ w t ^ ?t 1-tS-ii/bô/ftii-fiwt mf? i i i m?im ii#a? cwm
i H d v s i??fc mr ffi i ? t n I i f e b - f t M s fiwmci fi?m, c?t'^?iwt?f tiitf fitfiiJinHfiim-Htmtii cm? iijitf
f f i ^ i i t f i n nt?itnc?t m f miî mt^ fitm w?ff iff%tm-fitif? I t n ftn ftien fim^
H i m i l wtfifii i f H n i i c n m r u c i i f e v i j m r c n ' l i r i l l m e n nflt wtni i i wtfiif^ ifeb-fe mHi u: i t n f
m ' 1 1 ^ 'fl tnrfii ffw n t m t i f i i ' n t w f i s i i icici", [fiwt iwiTic?? i a i mt its/b-/i-tS-a-./b-i,
wfmcn wr-sm n t s F c i " w i i - f ? w t ? m 'S^gm f?wm" 'HfWf/i1o('b), ff?1-il/ii/ife'!> ? t ^ , 1 8 / o l / i f e S o ttc?f 11
(loim wtm-f?wt? 'm tntfii %tfw) Sff tstH wsi? fitfimticn m wnrnug fftitf wfrf
m i ? - ? t ' ^ (??ic-t ?r'?rtntfii ârfw) n t Him immn ftm^f? im n nt f i mrmicn f i i t i mw wnjt^
fim ?i?fti?r <iit mH f?rci m^cift b-w? f i w i ooo itm fi.H. wt; nci 'ii^ liie tntfii %ifw' wfn
w ? I t m f??T l i t fi^Huncn fiwr ? i ? a R i n I mfsm ? m "ItiHi'a imw fism'Wfên wfim ntcsfii
lit Hifiiiticn mwT vaScHfij imci ?ir n s ( i ) Iir n ftpinmrem n i titîft im? tt ?mT ?n iitiHi
v3 fimcn f?Hi mm mtci t n t f f f i w m m t c i r i ^3 i i n i n t s fiitem i? i i n; i f e f e o i t d ntfi i m i f n f
t m f fiiem?
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Contents
wti? wtm? fHitf W f t f t utmim Swtn i m 1 Iitfici t ? ? t c s T ? tiit? I t f f fimen i e m . fitm? tUi-Si
itift fimt? f i r ? 3 R ffi I t i t 1? I i?iif f i w t ? ? nei mt?-ulem? ftue? ficUi u? ien i ff? fi. n.
( s > o - s > i ) itc w f i 3 f 5 ? %ft f i s f i ? i t 5 F C ? ?t?it r?t fi.fi. vs c?im? mSt mum uauf? ien i f i t ? wi?e?
itftT, ttt?# t?t "0 mtftT, *wt?ft t?t "0 mtftj, tmci? fitfiutn ijtmtci Hfi i f ? HfuS? ? i ? R li, uem fwu
tfUi "0 I t f t n t iitff "0 cm-iim c i t i t n nt U T , ucift uuut? u m i I t i t ? fi? wi?f? wtHfw iftit?,
i i i ? i ^ 51^ n f \5f? lit?i|N3 cusTJT 1 ? r fuHnt c i g , wffi n, ?e?tH "a fitfiutn IPR n
is>s>i ucn i l isp iiiwtlt iftuwi i?itc?? ifift? i?iwtlt utme?i nmcn n t f ? njuu UÛ wt?fs
i ? t ? ?f "s tiitf f?if??Jlitn utem c??? ucnt fwu ?iu? fitt? Ife m?^, ifefeo- ue? wtfMfii Semn ien i
i c m . f i u ^ t i i t c n fc? ? t w i t f f i t f i u t i t n i c m tUi-S? m? Se?jtei wit? iftui w f n uc?
u<fff f?tcn'^^ttin . fli? ut?fr ufi?ci u? ?ncn n H f s i W f n iff^ i ? n t mu? wi?e?t f % 5 f c ^
wu lt?-utc?i? ftut? fitui i i t ? I C ? ? I ff? H. fi. mn M "frntu' fifi mr i tu mft f i t ? wt?c?t if?
ftut? ufif uc? n ft utmtcn f i f ? itw BF ?fc fisH "a iff^ wf?en w f e ? iH ??m va ?ru?fii i f ^
ifiu? cutt I C ? ? nt is>s>i/s>i fiwt ?^ ^tc fi'sfw fimi, ?5fîSti? f ? ^ va a t f ^ fimi n t tcnlli-ai va ifi
m t ? i t f i 4 %lfw u f ? c n ufe? wM-itff? m tmtfii mf fisten -mim U f mr i
%tfw uc? liuft fi f i t i cuu? fi?il^ c?? 1 ffuMtci i f e f e i uc? o ci'tn -mfui i c m . -îtmr tUi-S?
liuft iiiitcfii n, lit wtufii i m f i i n ^ f i i m? f c ? siif? ??ii? Uwitf fitfiuHcn i t ? ? ? t n
u??m w?itttcu f i f ? ua?t? n i ?c^, i f e ^ i uc? fisten i c m . fitn ite?? Sfu:i mti-mtc??? ftue?
fiiiiwjtîc?? ?i? lilts itHtm-f?t?f?f ft nmc? ficUi it?, ien i fH o ?nen w?pf cm?-n if??e 8
ftuwfi I C ? ? nt f ^ i i t f i i i r ? 3 R u ic?? i i s ? n ? c?uH wu? citi n t iH fim? va istfi^; wf?en
tm?, i s o o / 8- fnf?, i o i s / 1 1 (ii^, i f e f e o uc? t m f w f n t?i?e?i? m iîiSfiem ctieUifw fisti, ?tc?t-
fiifiuticn uttm natmif UtUtii ???ntn ?t?ff? ctieufw fimi n t ifi fH vs uu fim? fimi uc?
i ? t ? ?f c??? item fwu? ?rifef t m f fitfi???? fUt fimi U f ien i ff?t it?ucn ? ??-?< -fificin
i i ? m?? i f e f e o w f f & ur i 'H ??c?t i f i fim? fiwi fieuen c?v3uw m n ien i Sp? n e n icu wtt.
i f ^ W f n i ? e n im? ff mr i fiwien ienu ite? H. H. va utUni nmen wlff^ wf?tn fifuf? ?nf
Seui uen w u ifft wf?e? u?ftf?i wtf? nten u?ft?i cii ffwt? ?iU? I i , c ? i ? ifwUfe^ ffw? ii,' vfliH
n. f i ? . fi-iiitu. f. ienu mum û mr i <iitcv!jfi4 n , wfSettHu?, ?ifw?, fwieUiu?, Suu? n ,
Scau c ? , ' O I C ' (.wtt.fi) ? ? i i ? utme?i t m f wr3f? umn fif^ fif? mw i ien i i i wit??,
f i i f i u t i ? e i w t ^ w t f n t?mf Hifi?ji?? Hue? if#t I U ? i 8 o v b / (t fSem, ifefefe uc? i?iwift utme?i nrne??
ifiwu il? if?c? nuSfbs ifit fitRuli? ntfim? u ? f ? iU? ?f vs t m f fitfimc?? wtcn? cii ufiu
ftu^sen i t ? e i ^t itft ilfi^t-i, SitU, Utewfiu ^ m i n f'efe wgitn Siff itu ?nf cii ffwn ? 1 U ? i?
U?e?fiu? wt^swtfn ucn t m f fiifiufi? iff i e ? i va n n ifwUfcmt ffw? ut Semn ien nt i f ? fiuen
mtl- n e m i c m . f t n wtiji ufi? ^s. wtt. f i . - n Wssm ftn icn i l o o o uen i f e wem? i?it? i e m
f ? ifimt ufii t m f fitfiutmi wrswtfn t m f . fiti? lie?? Sft?-n f c ? uwitf fitfi?Jt?en ?im
fitfiut?? ftue? iff i?t? w u ifiim i i ? i e ? ? n t fisten i c m . fitmt f t J p ? ?iu?ei t t ? - w i c i i ? ftun
i f e f e l ?tc? csrm? "0. wtt. f i - n fiftt-iii wtiii? ? 5 e n i Hcsfti u? ien i fH u^t i ? n ? mti-wtcm ftun ufif
i??fc I D B n w t f i i ncUfim? UieUiu itfim?f im?scn 1
wtwtfn t m f fitfiut?? m?. iHu iucn n t e f i i l o o i ue?? i o fSem i?iwif utmni nmen
w?ft, t i c n t ? , 4 i < * ? I t f i f i i?e?w? iHu -irt fitHutic? m?f? im? ?f vatmf f?tfi?mm? uiem c??? uem
tu Umtaen wu i?ewi i i ? ien t t f ? c u I D B "a fwU i c m . fitmr fsf? ?iu? i ? i t i ifiu? if?e?
O I C n f i f ^ f # t ? c ? i va I t f t i i v i i t fitfiutien fit? f c ? um fitfi?mm? 'wt?f fisten i c m .^fitmT
S^?c? luufim iiien ? T t n m ut u m fiuei ( i i ? Îftfi^ ?im?ei tt?-ulem?ft?tnf?cui u? icn i ffi
m i n ' f e o , f . 8-1) I
1(J Cft?, i 8 o t r / br W l f ? f , l o o l U C ? ?? fSHtll ctfic*lt*t =
ifefeft menfec? iiiwtlt utmc?i i?iten u?f? ( l o + f t o o ) utnfifit <it^8!-iii? Semn ien i tit? wi?e?"
i U ? lit v3 t m f f?tfi?Jt?en utem c??? uem fwu i?iwtff Utmni ??iten u ? f ? fiwrnf . n va^rsn
i e m . f m w t ? f t itfi?-n fci uSit? fitfiutic?? m?^ i f e . o o . i o p i if?ei 'ifl -wtfw^ nm? fiim??'
t m f fitcm?
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aw
fltn wt?wti; mt? wtf cut# % f n â i i , mt, tntfii
nmen i m i f t t m f Hilwticn itSem mtiteii, i n iiti, mtt i^vs {b) cmmt?
wtcn? c?n item fwm f? mmn l o o i - i a cmmi cmwten citen,'wt?ft tm Itftm fiwet mt fisifiiTticn
m e n I tmtft i e m f i l f i ^ n m i s îmt, l o o o i i wim (ifeii-ifefe'5s),;fi-vflt5. H. wHim, tmftHifim?,
m t i s i o mfiei f? cmitm cmn -fimeisfn m - n fftm, ( W i l t f i ) ; (s) Dr. A.K.M. Ayub Ali, History
f%Hi^ftmen i of Traditional Islamic Education in Bangladesh,
i o o 8 men 8 iftfSti itiwt^ft mtmewi nmen mi%r Dhaka, Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, First
i m iff \s tntf fiifnnen nen? c?n mem fwm Edition 1983; (b-) . ffwp ?m?, mîtm tntirmf,
?twiff f?ifmmfen miff fimen iemn n ? f % f i I t f i i . w t - m v 8 % , >fi-ifess v^.; . f. d i m wtf
t n t m m ? n e ? ? wm mti-wtcn? ftife? ficmi i m tuHft, mtmemf tntf fim? wf â m n t ? , mt, wtfim
m e n i f. f i . ftite? itfif ite? n ite ffi nm:fn \s m?fiemi f ; (io) tifii wtwf?,-ii weltn ^ i i
i i i i f i mrnime^mtim mifft i i t men i mti iffm fem ife-bs^.; ( i i ) tifii itfim?, is cifmft, isxjse f;
mmi? "mi-fimi' fimt mi m e n n?, 'tfi' fimt ( i l ) i l l n t ? ? 'feo, t m f f i f f i i i t i ? , fftm, mtme?i;
Citmfim^ cn I tmiiifef itiwtltmtitenmte?? ( i o ) The BangladeshObserver, 23 November,
fim nttien i t i % fim i f n f wm m. 1 . 1 . -flimi 1979; ( i 8 ) The Bangladesh Gazette, Extra,
n fin I V i o o 8 mfii citm? fwimffimcn Sen ordinary, dated 27.12.1980; (ift) The First and
cm c?n ifwitfc^ ffw? ien -fl"ê5m n - n Second Statiute of the Islamic University,
Se^n m e n i tit mt f f i o i . o s . i o o 8 tf?i itc "tif^ftSt Kushtia, Bangladesh; (i) icmttl, tntf fiitim?,
w? tmfi4 -flfcm m f ? m " - n 4tf*vi mi m e n i ifevb- f; (is) t m f fiifimtn f^-mfn ficiff, b^-vs/b-s-
>at fiifiufic?? >a?nefi?5 mnn ? i f 3 ! n fimft? Vv, iiti ifevv (ib-) mtiteii wtf? fim i f i i ? ,
ntcsfii fift m i t f i ? , fift, m ? f f ? im, cm w? iutti fieiff, i n wtis m-itewi, cmmf ifevv (ife) fim
ffw, -flmtefim mSfii \s f i f Q e m 5 - - n mmei mgemn ?5mlatttien i 3 j I t ms/b-/s-tS-ft/b-s, fim/iso)'5j), tf?i-
n I mmi m % e n w^fs; mei tti-men? wfii, (^wtm iVii/ife"59 mtm, i8/oiJihhq ^.; (lo) . tSfl flfifl,
mil, c ? f w ^ m i l , iftm f i m wfii, w i f ftm wfii, tntf fiifiiiin f i va C I I ? mnt fiofi, t m f fiifiiitn,
iefii wfii, ifimt S ^ p i wfii, iftm w f i i , fufi^m ifefel tt ; ( l i ) Dr. M. Sekander Ali Ibrahimy,
cms, i i , c i i , imtm ^ wntemt wfii, ift?wt fmt Reports on Islamic Education and Madrasha
wfii, C l l t ? nfwi, larst wfii, it? wfii, mt Sieitt Education in Bengal (1861-1977), vol. 3-4,
w f i i , mt-fin m?,ffi cig, ?#iStT? cig, f i . n. f i . Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, 1947; (11) f?f?
f i . wfii, c?fm mSti wfii, if??n wfii, f i f ^ ? , c i i , n t ? ? va f? m?i, tntf fiifim?, fitm,mtite?i i
tifftSt w? tntfim -flfcim sm fimf wfii â wtmfii . cititi? wr?5i men
mî tmrtft frr?.?s (a^^ ^ i U . ! ) t m f imm iiftfit
ifieic? m m, n m va itm-c?iifn iemwft? wtfii va witifn fum s ? t f f s i l i (i)-n.wtfit?itd eifi nt?
wtffn \s f?e?rf,itf witen neitfim? m ? ] e i -at wif wtm va fiHcmcn f?ff i^f? in? m im m ?
fiifiutmf 2 t T t i t mfii metitfi <te itfic? nt wn ( i ) f i i ^ c i t e i ? ltd wrmi mit, ( i ) wtfmf ff%e
v[i?jc n s f f m?^ wi^swffi men f i i f i i i t i ? ftite? fimt mme? f t n fifiemt n t (vo) fc? ftmfrt im i wt?
I t ifie? I fitî mfmci i i f f s i i i (i) ifait ite? mett 'wii-
wrf?' fifte? mfi ficn i ?idti miten n-im? tm
( i ) . f f t i itf% c?, msfitn vamme? mmm â f i H i fiif t f ^ mfie? I iffm fiw? if?m n?^ ? i f f ? t i i
mw, ifimm, ifiti m t l , i n iiti, i^î; (i) . vamfii (i)-n Hi^ ?i citei? wsfim? t f ^ fii i cit^H ?mi
wtm, Sfii iei mstf f i m e n f5m-ct>it? ?tm, mn, I t f i i e n fiif imten wm m f f m (i) n? wtf (m)-ci
mtmmesf, ii, i n i i t i , ifevo; (o) . f i t n w t ? g m , mfif fiitficn I citiwen mt? cut? va it?wi im itt
mam i f ^ m "^tn i i , mt, t n t f i i itSe^n mtiteii, m f f m (?) ?fme? wen wtett i?? itfwt (m)-n
stn stiTi i f e v v b \.\ ( 8 ) Report, All India mme? 'fitmm' (f.) ime wtfm fiemfw itiificîH
Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental Educational (. fitmi tSfffi, tmen wit?fi imii', i i n,
Conference, Institute press, Aligar 1906; (a) . tntfii itSem mtiteii, % ivi) i
t m f fiiem
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Contents
t t f t f tit?f
. t f t t t t t f If gfMt? t? t t f I w t t l ^ t t f t 4 , tlîfe<^ fJifTOftt? Ctf WAItA fIf I t t f if w f t T A f t t ffTtttf

Ns w # t f f f t f t - f t t H t f A s t t T O rot At I wtttt? f t t t t r o W t t t f ? ff%t W t f t t f W i t ? f f # ? ? t f f b t f T O t t t ? t t t t
ro55T t?ctt*H, ATtt vs titip s t M t ro? ctrtt t^ t t f t t t ? att? t f t t t ? t l A l f tt ?1V5TG W t t t t f fTO f t f f t p f t f f t f
fUro f w lilt t t t t f f rot? f f ? t ? r o tîftitt t?ttA[ fb^^tfffft W f f T W A T O f t f t t t ? ? I f t w f f A f t t T f t W t f
?5?t A ? I t t f t C t ? a t t t Wlt?ff aftfit? f t t t t ? A t ^ ^ f t A (t)-'il? fgf C^voi-tfeb- f ) , f A t t t t W t t - f T A f f ( t f t o - b - 0 8 f ) , W t f
R A t . a ( f % f | ^ A ? ' A t t f f t l R ' (JU.I .-. ;) I tttttttt^sttA S f t t ('I'b'b-VOb-1.), ttAf tft W t t t t ('l(?A-b-ib- ^.), W t f -
' A t t f R - t t f ' ( f t ? ttJAÎflf atMt? (Financial Inter- f A t f ^ f (tb-i-b-ft'l ftttt tft W t f f t (ffl t8b- % ) ,
mediary) Hf A t , ??? t A f t f t t ( f t t t r o (Exchequer) t f [ f - f f t f t t ' , Wtf-WtftW, Wtf-ttvstt?f (t<18-ioeb- % ) ,
A f t t t t t t t t ? I a r t ^ t R t ^ A j % ? t ?t?ff-tttf t t A t t I t t t t t t ? tAt A t t t ( t S . 8 - i o M ) 8 f . ) , W t f - f t t t f (fefto f ) , WlR-Atff
TO? W S t t t ^ t f t f t ? ? -sttttt t A t t % f?t ^ I (ioe8-iiAA f), ftttf (iofte-iiif.), tiffffftff (iAoi-
ttAt ( f t ) f t f t ^ 5 t r o f t f arf^ffvo A l A t f - A t f f s f j tf??t iA'^S f ) , tftt?ftf (iA-bA-iÂb- f ) , t t ^ f t f t r t ( i A f e A -

# ? ? "Q t t t t W Cft??it Attt A t w f D f V o l f i t At t i t I A t ? f f t i\0(?o Wtf-ttff ( f f T iÔb-b- Wtt-ftttfft, tft
t ^ t t f ? A t i s t t t l??f t ? f t ^ A t r o t? ^^t t t f t f t W o t ttffft ( i v O v O A - i S o - b to, ^ l ^ t l t W t f Wtt-tfftf (ffT i8Ai
t t ? f s n f t f a f t ? Atwt? A T O t f t t t W t t t f f f f t t t t A t f f % to ^ t f f t t f w t f A t trf? t t A ^ t t f f f r a T A f t A f t i t
ii|??tTttfWf f ^ f f f f ^ t t t t t t f w t f f f f t t W t A ? I f t W t ? , (i<lo\5-i\'b\0 t-) ' M ttftf f w t , t f f t f r o ftiA f t t f t
^^flA TO? W f t ? f ? t t t t t t t t t w t t ' f f t t t t t t t t t t t a f t R ^ t l f S s ^ CWTtf^ W t t t f f f w t t ftf^ t t t t t ' Q f f f f
ffAlft TOttWlf? W < t ? f f ? ! A f t a t f f f ? ? f l ^3 f f t - t W ^ t t t W?TO ttffttt^t 1
f f t t 18 A T t t t ? t t t t i t b t i f f t ? 1 ttftf w t t - ? T ? , t t t f r w f f f t , f t f t t ? ? t f ^ , f ? , f t
t t f t t t ? a f t t f t f f t ? ? I t ? f f? t f t t t t ? ? C t ^ fffa ttAtf f?twt, l i i f t E l t t t T O , f f T f??at t t w f f w t t t t f ? f t ^ t t r o
Att fttt? t t ^ ' W t ^ T O (A1)-iatftt^f?ttttt?StatttttT 1 tAttt? W t T O t?f*tt ct^taj fttfftf t t t t t ? f t t f w t t l t t t
ff? i r o f ? t ^ t t WtT f t f t f ^ % f ? I t ^ C f t f lAtttt f s r o t t t t t t t t t t ? I tAttt? C 5 t f ^3 W A T O t ^ t W f e f t f f
w t t t t CAftA f f t r o ^ < t r o ftft W t t t t t f t
f & r o cwm Atwt? A?tt?? l i l f f t wtrtA t t f ?Ft f f t t it? i
W t f t t t I A ? ? fTO? ( t t ) S A I W t t t t f t f t t ? atAt t f f f t t t
WtT t f t t i r o W < t t f f f & r o lilt? i ^ f t A t f t f t t A t f f t f !
f w f t t t t ? f t t t I t r o f t f f f t ( i ) i^ w f A T t r o f f t t i t
Cttt ro tt liittt? f t t f w t f ^ f w t f f f ^ tAttt? W A T O
f t f t Rt ?5ftt? TO?, ( A ) w t f ? t l l f t f t W t T TAt W f f f t
ttCts
1
w f t t?Ct^t fffST rott ctt ff ^ I

ftf t r o fttt ^ I ttftt ftttt At? f?tt? ( f )-TO
?nt? f?t-ftf ^ t f f t A t t w t t A t t l f A f (Sudin Haron & t r o w t f A t f f t (?)-'irt ctttT ?ti3 f t t t c t ? a t T O f f r o t f t
Bala Shanmugam, Islamic Banking System, t r o W T f f f f ( ? ) f t W t ? "Q f^tAt W t C f t C f W 9 f t t f f ftTO
Conception & Application, P. 4) i .?5ro c^tiai w t f f f f f t t f t f c t t I tro ffTOf-tttrsi'

tftft-t t t t f f t ? ? f t f A t t t f t 'WtttT? ( f ) f t t A f t f?ft?A; W t t t f f t t A t t t ? l i j f l t f a f t f t ? f f T T O t f f I t t t f t f
Wtt f A t f f t f f f t t tAf trtro f t f t ? t a t f f f f t t ftt? w f f Foe (Macro Economics) fft t f t f t f ' S ? ^ f f w ? T O
( f t t t ^ ?tt) 1 ii|ftttA A t t f t t t ? (t)-ifrt f z t "WttfatA ?|ffttt?t I fft wtttt? csftftf a f c t t w f ^t, f ? W t C f t
( ? t ) t ^ f f t A t ? W t t ' f A t f f l f t f t f lAt t t t r o f t f t t t a t WtttCt? C f t t t T t t f f r o ttt ?tt, fft S ^ TO? fft fft?
f f f f t t f t t ? I w t A f S t A ? t f f W l A ttltf t t t f t f t t t a t St? f ? W t C ? t t t ? ?IttTC? f f T T O f t t f t t C t t f C t ? I t t f t f
tlttt t t t w f a t r o ?jf?tt I Stttrt t t t t t t t f ftftttttt ^ f t ? t lii?^ f f j f t t a t f?tt?^ - f f r o W T t f f R T ' 9 ? 5 f f f I W t f
? T t ? f t ? t f t t i T t t ? C ^ t t f S S ^ At I lilt (mm AfiSBFtW tft f g t f t w f t f t f f w T f ? f t t f i f ? t c f ? ttftf t t t t f t t ? WtT
f f t i f t ttttt f ? t t t t t ? StatttttT 1 Wttftf?f^tA?it I
f t w f F f f ' t t f t Wttft?t1? W t f t t t t f t - t t ^ f t A t t t t t f ? t t t t f A t t t t t f t f A T t t t w t t - t i t t i f ( ? ) t r o 'ff
ttf Af^t f f % t t f t t t t t ? ? T t t f a f ^ f t t ? tl Wttt TO I 1 f r f t - t f f T O f f t - f t f f wtf-fttfTOtA' ( T O W t f - f f ?
ftwf t t 3 t ttft f f t t f t T j / i o i o ^tc^ A ? r o ttfffWTf WlR-ttftfftt, '2?tr itb-'b)-iil t, S t t # T t t t ^ W t C f t F t t
S f n t t l # t t f t t t t TO? f g t f t f t t t ?T?ttt?t ? T t t f a t R t ? fftttc?? I twttr (tt), fwtf ( ? i ? t t ) , ftf "wt (fft) TO?
trt I 1. l i l f t t t t t t s ? ? A ( t t t ttttr ttft t f t f ?tftt-t f t f W t (ffw) a t f f t R t C f t r o tîftt W f C f t 5 t t f t f t t t
t t f "s ( g . ) t t r o ? i t ? f t ? t f t t t t t ? ? i t t f a i b f t t t f t t tro w]^ ?ff f I tttttf tc? f f t c ? , l i i f w ? f t f f t t r o w t t -
tft?tTO Stat fIttltAt I ATC?? C^cat W t f f T t t t t f f t W f t t t f f t t ? ? I fft ^ t t ?
t t f t f t T t t f ? f t t t ? f A t t attt Atwt? A r o A T T f W f t t t t ^ , t t - f t t t t ^ A t t t t tf 1 iro A t , f f f f t W t t t t l ' S t
t t f t t ? ? f a f f f % atT?fttf W t t t f f f w T ^ f f f t t s ? C W J cttt I TOltW? WtT tAt Itbttt W t f t A f f ^ f f l t t t f I lilt
t t f t f ffttCftt
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Contents
(tciO
I t m mtf? tu? ufm? ? c u Hf? c s f t f i i c ^ uf?u? i mm? fiue^ fH cum? ifm ?#?iei? i im ?e u?n
uiuff c?iuc??d i v f u u f f f u itu f i s f ??uc?? u? f?%n w t u e n u f i f u t t ? i cui u?? ifiem? u f i u mtu ciei
wu ?^ sfOflW? W 3 ut? ?#?f? wu CBttU?tt?f? im ?m? ^c ?tei ?tm w t m < p l i c ite? i
?uu< fi?tti?-1 ff? fu? f m s f f T - u i m ' ( u u f f , tuu wt?- w t f mti? f m m t n f u m w t - f f w i i - i i f i t wt?-
f?W1? 'flUl-'Sfi wt?-t?Uf?U) ? f ? U i C f m U ? I t U ?U?t? u u f (ioftft-iiii f ) ? 1 i ? t e n , v f l m s R ?j?itf vimuuc?
U U I (ufst? fi?ir (wcfufu?) fftuu (fum? tm ufu? i t m f i e ? itite m m mtufwu u u m f f u
utfufuf) tmtf? c??r?? uiei fiju? ulemu uf?um m n r u '?me? f i m u ' itfi i ? ( t i u Sfm wm-f?, f t m m
( f i i M i i ? uwtfirti f i f f , t ? u f ?iT<fit, ??3? ? ? , i ? - i ? uHm-umtf, f i n ifeofe, i? i , f . b-e) i itf'wte? SeRiij
? t U t , wtf . - ^ ifefefe, fe) I itcci w??en ? m ? u i e n u?e? m u e n w t f u - f i i t m ,
wtf 'S<i?i wii-??f%? t?? Ttsrt? (Htoto-vob- ^.) fu? f n , ijî^h, i ^ - i ^ va iie?? mt?wi u u i m t i l *flt
iimf? mi'su?' (?t?^-f5? ut?-t?mf?u, t??! i f e i r b ) mn f i i e n mt?wen f u n m H m ?se? m i t w?m< U i u
?t?u <jfn ut? u?fi^ mum ??j?st? ?m f??;?? I U int S i t mm i tm u ^ , umite? i t u , ?a' u i f t e n
ui?u cmtuei? I ff? u?u w??e?? urm? ufim? w u ?tf m? ? ? m , tm ute c?f u m wm u f i m
w u U f e i f m ? memuu if?uei? i ff? ?fm, *Sf?, ctftt m Sfg ?ei (ie?t^, o? m, o^b-) i u f W citfiu
tft, m?, uuw, fwm tmtf? ?mei'e iwtfia memuu i e u w e n I C U ufie? w t i m i a j , f i m msH it??, mt? fii
fmt?? cff uf??tei? I t?mc?? 2 t ? ? ^ fmf? uft?fm u i f % (fmf^, 84 i a , i.\(t) I ieuwtm? wff?^ S i t # f
tfîl? ftfte? f u ? - i t fmt? ?^f'f ( f m f j F , f i o ) I if?u m u 1 ^ ?tu n t i f ? ttcn ?ii?r u m f f ci?
wtf wt?wti wtn-uH^ t?ei w t m ? wH-'wtuf w h - UUf? I w i l l w l t U n H i m ? fi?n itei itu-?^ U v E f s
f i t f i f ( u r i - b - e i f) 'H?tmiwT?-u?5ifi? U5T-<3?u'sfm' n m f c m u m ^te w t f i i mtuu c?vsm;wuHHi?m?ei
? t ? ? 5 ief ?e??, cmi ?j?ue? itffwt if?i^ ?? W% ?m mfi? f i u e n 121? f?mi simfimei^ itmtf? w ? m
vfl?" f ? ? Uie? f l ? (firnu?) ixtimun SntH if?u? f o m I I i u w t i - i m ' 2P1C1 fH i e n , t u ifH
uue? ??te^ it?'iHu iuufim? Hm? u&tte ite? i Seteu? i H i f (fcf^; s i is, f . b-fe) i fH ffe c i u t u e n
ifltme?t n H ufiffi ??ft ??iw iffli ^c? i C I , fgt wtfif it?teiHHie?? u u i ftite? mw u H m w u ,
wtft mm? wtf t ? ? fitm? t ? ? mff? wti-?titfwt?- fgt i f ^ Itfim I C i cit ifSpu uti n I
uuift wti-Uvs?t?ff ( f e i 8 - i o < n r f ) t ? t e ? 5 ? ?iU? w?}ii? iHi'î w t - f f (iioi-iî8 f ) f m ' i i r u itfiit'
m?? n t f u m f? ??? utue? w?ft???e? i m mfH ief ue?? cum m f t m i U f f f i u e n I tm it, Sf?en
ufu? it?? ue??: t itmm ?5u, i?mft wm um, mamft wu muen f f i m f i e n 's?=fff i fH "ylimtm vs wtitieuu
wH, um wH tmiH fim fH fm'wt?-wiitmf?-fimf?u' w H igm m ? m fieufim u f i i t e n t fH' wtnf<f cmiu?
(m wtm-fi?m, t??; i f e b - o ) ? t ? ? 5 ief f u m wtemuu u i f U f c m i u f f n u m isem m e m u f i i t e n i
iHuen I fm? ?c, nw? wtu'f il?ei? ufu^ ite? s i f i u w f e f n fff W W ? w ? m j t i f?f% u f i m ie?it
( i ) Uwm ? t ? f , ( 1 ) ifiu f?f% ?mt, ( o ) imu cu? w ? l e i ? i ^ n t i t n e n m t m H f u s i H u f f i 1 fiiten i
n t ( 8 ) ?j?mtf va mHium? c ? ? e m if'mi? f???-mfm? m f i f r f ? w t f wtfnm w t i m t n m?fT u f ? t n
wfm?f?fûu I w < t ? f n wtB??mmeifHfm 'fim wtift u m t n mm^m t n f ^ t n t n ' m f i u wti-u??tf
mufuf-f? ^ - f ^ t ' (u? tiu wi-fm wim-wtuf, t??r w t i - l t u f (iitol-ioib- ^,)-n vsn^ff i f ' w t i - t t n l l f i i -
i f e i f e ) u n ief fimf? wtcmm isHuei? i tm ?e, m, tmrn' I v i t i e f fH ffe im u m t n , m u t u f t i ,
Sitwe?? i m Su? it? fH<Mw, iûm?, ?im Hst ?iwmu?f, n m f f w<f?j?ft, w?ici? ieuw? faei nrne??
(fmtgs, i b - 1 ) I f f i m t7tH H m f n m wteitnt u f n i e n i ?m fii c?
wtf fitm? wtf t ? ? mf Sm wtim tft mtt? tft w<lt?fn m l f e m w u w i t m f e n ?5ei.f^ f?n-?>c?,
Uft wfi-f?ff wtm-wtmff ( f e f e s - i o v j s s f , w?i cmen wjtt? f e n f u i m ? f m t m , t n mHu cit m t e i
ieii?)-n i m i f "wti-^tat it?i wtm fiiufw mfif? i' m u c i i f i u c n (<mimt?:mt?ft u m , t m f u t t i u?ft,
f m ?e. If? iff?? citfiu ufun f ^ n uH^ ?fen citti i f u cu 1? t m f i u ?Jttfi m u t m c i i ) i if^
fie ite? I iflt ufui ?fu -iifltu ute uftc? titen Hue? 'wti-Hmm'? m u w ^ H ? tlitei t n m i f i m
mmen wti vflt I t e w u? f?e uu uu Urt? ufu? tffi^ csftfiu fum? u m i " w t i - H i m ' u n if^ m?ftcn n H
n t fH wifH mmei n t u ? wtuen i ^ mmei fH s u f f f w^ fiite? mw ufie? n t w i H u ? f ? i u i f ? c u m
ftrm wtemm fiuei? i % 5 i G cimifti u w ? ? ? f fipp ?5f?e?, fi?f, u m w u t u c m u?fi m?ei, geu?
tmf fimn
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Contents
tmf 1J
T51
.
(m wti-itm, tnt i^vi'(.) (i) ?:t? f?tw?, (i) xpn

it?m, isitmftf, ipf vs f p T ? w'lNn w m * P i f , i?iH, ( v s ) Stitn vs ?*5i, ( 8 ) f t n mtikt, (ft) mftit
w f m I t n m t m ntm f H m n mtt nttiva cmm, (to) fgt, ( i ) wntut, (v) mfiwiusF, (s.) ??<cif
fusifio wtdtm fntcn 1 wHT?ft, ( i o ) Spen ^ nt -nH wm wen ? 5 ^ f t
mffm wtf w t i 5 ^ t n wtf mim tn[i
f m f t ? w<t?fi fimm f m ? wicimt icn i J t ? fimw? t m
iri%m (iifei-iofto '*j.)-n Hm i f 'wT-fn wtm- tf?tui n i m i t n I t i f m ? wicitnt ficn ' s i f f t i
nfmt' I Hfimjiwrs ftr, f%msf wHfat, Stfsp i ^ fH cimtmen, n w ? t i S.tt??itfci mm Sîtn ifStmrn
m i m^r f f m emn Hen i ncuftrtt m m w m f n n itc ? i ??en cim fic n i viittc?t i?m finm
mtm mftm fitfnt i H m stm tnt Hfi wtcmm im fim s t t ^ wtci i fH fiH^ ctm mtirtwi Stntfim
m#mcn i mwm n H?racn f1%mit HH ctm imci wteitnt icn nt S , i t ? c n mrmfwi mttk? m f ?
iHgtcn I t n m H m m;t Hfis iHim Hftn Itim' jgcn t j i f ffim icn i t n itifm? 2fn? fiTe^ 2tfici?
mtm n5H % n i f m ic, itf "wtc? ScRfiT itcci v B i ^ ^ f t c i f t ? ffim f f i t i t e i I itHcgi? ff^ vg \5tm
mfcnt^t Sii I t n n t tm tiwttfi tntf? m i fimvs fH wi^ t j i ^ f t wteitnt ien i t n itift
rnnmn t mtHi mdim, m , if% ^tcn icm vst tm I i m w i i - t m ' mtn icf i t i f c i ? ? f Ht? ?f?g
ntttt HH I cm mmcw mtmptcn itim: fp, nm tHm: i M 3 m m t f 5 % 5 i c n nt ? f t f ? nisfi? iem fifim?
mcmt, m e n ttnc^ ifftj n t ^ten n e i f<t m m , wtimf "G ??5if? i?tm, Sg?en Sn w#tfi itMcm
^êi ciitn if'wtei Sewit mti ^m m i f m wifH- im? i f H ficait ifim ?i tsif f t ^ Stftn mm? i
f u m i m i w i Hi s fHm (wtn) i1f, i.-wmi" f m v f l t ^ m?[Hi wiwtfi mftwi c^ wtH f 3 i ?fim
(wti-mimi wii-'wmm) mtm^t, o. w m 4 f^m Hcmf . Hc?fb t fH cmm-ittei n wcl" ? 5 ^ f < fmmnt iHmen
mtw (mtm wm-mmt) iHiwt i iiiitSm?i?itcmit ifimen, v i t t ii?ei fmei mftwmifen
wtf t m i wti-itHf? (fgi iovv f) iffii wteitfS f n f ftmieis iu ?5m 1? I
vs tsif ff if 'wti-fs?ftfiii f Sffii-itf mrti' i itf'win t n it?fm? m , mwS?fi ffffim vs w1t?fi S m
if Scmii (imfii wti-iif'wii;) Htn:ijHi ^ n , tm i?m? fm^fi I tHm m m wlt?fi f i m f i ? S n
t ^ VQ l i e f i i mmci fH -qnrm wleum ifimen i ffit i n v B i f fimcn i v f l t cwcgvg tH witfii i tm
itf'win S c B f i i imtcn ff%et fH miî ffiit fiitt mim '53F^'ci ctftm? f m if??tci est. wt?. Hfcn
ifimen I tm ie, mtt? wmrnimtc'Q?p^f< vg mftwi U 3 P 5 C P iH I f i e n ?i imf met t n tufi
witfimffi mH mw itm s ( i ) mm uift iHtt, (i) wslt?fi S ^ wmfi? mfic vs imtenim ifBitm Sfk
fien fuH citfii mftm fgi, (o) mf% mtiwt, men i ? ? i f men icmwi wfn f??icn t
wm c m i wem mmH wmtn itm im ite fiw mm f m I C wntiit w<t?fi S ^ tim? imif^ i
n t ( 8 ) cm wtfi mmf? Sii?t m i fimtemi fiitmf wtswtfi mfiewi wntiit mfS ' o ^ f f Sttm i wntiit
n fcm s,itn, Htn vs cmt fifini im i t m itff n f l t d 2t? fimw? vs Hcifi?i n w n i i d wtawtfm
itfcn mftm m icmwici witfim wfitf fiH ejfe mt mfiewT? i m mf, fiit? gni? mftm itc vg fi^^ 2?f53j
ien s (i) wtfim ( r n i i m ) , (i) iemwf? (ufwm) n t wtci I tmIC, ifffi im?n; ntfiH^ wiêngfncn
(vs) Siifti (fiif?mi) 'I t m iiff? ie, m n miHci? iwm Sn fH ifnt stcn wt^wtHi fimw? ict i
wmf m wir?iifm mH mftm Hf% im ?n2l? nmte w e m titci f?itct, sfem, it?si, vinmfi i f n wiitf
sif ff ie#u witfim?fii itfif i Ufcn ^ m H m ien i f i f f ? , est. c^^tm, cmcnm,
citfii intwi fif% vs ftm if?m icmt itfi? fmm? H.H. wim?Htcmitfimmi ?ifemf? t e r n t n i t i ^ n ?
it% v8 m m n t wifimc?. fffe ^ mtt fift i v f l t fuH w^^ vg ficsii w m m wm imi mgfii wsffH? W?TI
ciffii mftm vs wfim it? s (b) fimt (wr?-f?), (i) f n fcmm fiitn f?e?m ifntcn t
(wR-mm), ( v s ) m t i n (wm-mn), (s) mf% (wim-ini) itl m t 1 % w t ^ f i m f ( i i o v s - i i t o v s ftm
n t (ft) fmst (wH-'wfmm) I . 'îsftfwtfti mHtt' m i Hut vicf ?iffet wtu?i vs. ititfwi
mififif? wt?f? ?m? t n mif? ( i v s v a c ^ - i s o v j s i^.) mttkn i f f imci itf "wm fftemi ite fffeft iitiit
liiiwi mwfiîf ftitn fiiUt êms f i m n ^ n C i i ifimen (i;sftfmHi mHm, t?i, m wti-mfim,
titci wneit wlt?fi fsmt wm? wtH ftm ftmems i l i, f. vs) 1 tm I C , mtHms f? ftitn mtfcn mifn
ffm ifnten i t n iiin"tm tint i f wti-fitfmm ? m i tijen tt?mf?i mmifim icm fift i fifii?, 'gffe.
t m f fiiem
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Contents
frwt, cw, tmrln sftiK? iflt imiRtm 1nf*t m i wuti I t f i c i muen fi?tim f i i e i f i i f i n i w i ? f i e i
H f ff va Tf?ti?r mo HmsHr mew mmfim cit i t ^ ^ i t n e i t i f ctlfiiim, wtm-wtc?i vs latcn f n mfnt Hei
tfmmiit mc? I wm:t? cm wHTci itcst itmtu n mum muen wteif f m ? cmm J t f i i caf? Sn
w?t itc w< wm m m tim ft mfii micmfif m mm I I C I mew? wfimti c i t i mc?? f ? m m mm
iTm mmi mt i ff fifw i t m mtm?<3 ffi iflit ?ii n I w i i i c i wItifi m n iem f n r n m mm i f i c i
mtmf fimcn i mw fmm? tifi mkmt Hius n i i f f ? n iH-?tt?
im IC, m o r m f^ fimm wm mifii nemfim wu i ^ ? 1 i c ^ i f i f i ific mm n i vit m fiifi vs
mkcm S m etemwi i lat nemfim cm mm wm ms w ! t i f i fcti -ê I t f i e i f^ i f i e wtm? i w i t c
mffi mm, fien iHm mtif f i mt im Sfs i lifwcn i i f i e i i w t c i i w i f t f f ficwt Htten wtemwi ie?i i
itmswfinntffcnmmii i 'mtei mfici mei ittci' w i i e i ? f c i ? Sn i t c w t n i t n u c g m cmm mtm ? j ? f f
fff? ffk mtci Ifltn m w wtm fie itc? i mfimmf f i i c n I cm vs it?cm itnm ^^fimfw? i e i mittmtfli i
w< ^ ' i m imtc?? cwt witfim' i i?mff w4?T?ff muen ^ vs fimfim cmm fie fim wmm?iei i ^ ?
imei tm 1 iti, ifft im mew? wm laift i?m ^ mfim wtfic ititfim i vat i f i i t t f ? ifnrcn wut
mfic? 1 i?m cmm, witi-^m i f i t , mfim men, wtmm? wiien icu mfffrti ( i ) - c ^ c i ? i im i t ^ t f i i i
mien mef n-mff, mmmt vs ^ fiifi ifie? i litt nen f i m fimSi m irm^scn *iti nt cm vs i t i u mfcs? ii
mw ifim wm i ? i t ? e i wmt.mlfmien Sn i ? wtemi lfl f f W f i t c ? i f v s i t e ? wtf?fn i?T?ici i f i t f i
i f i c o itc? I tm mtfft? 1 f f i v a I t f m ? uiHmei iemw%, itmei i" .
wtmiitii va fiitifii lit f i i f t ^-witRite? t i ifimen I I U f i vs m [ f i i fcn m i f % i t e i m v s i t f i f f t t i ? ^
fH icn, n Ggff? citei? fimi va cmcn mftm fitttc f m i?i i e n fumtn mi item mtevs w f i i Htif
'jfifm imntHi fim m Stitiei mim ifim I C I m?t?i f i i I fif w t l t f ? ?i|f if??ic?? i m mi ntm tm n e n
I t f n mftit Seifw n i irm i t i e i g i m ?Hm mm fuîci-cit fcn mttc
m "amtfifm (?) t??eiiiwi f n mticis? mtnmi m*[fii iimijcn itucm mtm f(im ittm fie itHmHcn i
i!^ ? # ? t muen i e n wm stm -^tf^ finei itff ien i wufiei m ^mfifim mw ifimen 'fliH i i f f irm
(iii) w f , i m f i i t c s f ?T? ia?t (^) mff, ?miiff vs mfincn ? t w i t f f i f e iHm I cm immi f c ? i t f i , f m mitei
Sn Stbiic? 1? wtemi ( f i f ^ , i l I Q , io(2--io) 1 HHt I W I ifim 1 c i t l f m mHitci tit i i fn i im
i n W f i t n ie?i ci, imfcn wntci m[fii fcn f n f ftrm i f u j i fH itm i i t f i itc f m f f J ? n m
ifteeii ifltfiemien iH?emciitmifie itc? I CI i ?n? mtfimci (tntf n t i u i f t , c i ^ ifm cm
t m f m vs fum fitkn icm twfmci f f i m 1? t n t t i ' * ntm w ? mtiteii) i
fcn wm i m fimm mfim Segi ie?i nt twfmen Sien itfw^ wteitnt ^ê t m f w1tifi fum? n
Hn-fH, ItHm ^ i f i f f i t t e ? ?'Ht ien i f f i ?en, wimiu mmmftim mei mit ifvsm mte i t e ? i fiuwm
wtmtcn m m fmmfi mfmt twHmcn mei cwfim Scim imnrtf tm im v i t i i mfimt ?m i e i ? i u t i
Sitcn ltd Se5? 1 i f itm wtci irnm^twten m cm ^^c tntf w i t i f n fsm vs t m f n t i uift? f i i t e i
fici ufieen i fH tnten 'tifn, ffHi vs mtii Siiucien f s ^ t f i i i i fifit vs wif ffim u n ilimen i
miftci f i f i wtim cii ifim Scuti c n i 'ij^rtfmfii wtmm H i n imi, itfui w t f t m'm i v s ^ j f , %? f f f f i ,
ItHit', tmitfi itm' iH ftrm i f mt mft^ f?wm- v E ^ wteum t i m cme?f, cii i t i f t wtim,mvsmm fitn
IIfci? mm? ift wiien i T w cmitcmi iffm ffie m m ?f^, ^ mtwtfm f m f ^ , i e m f ? f i wtum,
f f i iim mtitHfi tm mfe wti-f?wm ?m ien %? n. Sm uim, fimU if Simfmi Snueif?
n t mfen i n i t i f i i f 'fvsitst t m itHi-n ?wm ifHii fimf? wu fnm tntf wIfH vs ntHt-ifl?
ien n t mite tfm iteitwi ien i m ^ m t f i f F m ^ Hf3ci wteitfi i%ren (fmr^) I
t|3? fcmu figien cuf?. m?mei fiwm vs u f i -uft fif%f%i ijtti uift? Sitcn itfH s imfci ifm
niite? ^1 n I itfimfii f n itiim, mrmfwi ffH-fH, ffim m wmtm^, mr n f i i tnten wteitiim?
mwfH, fnm u?ff, c i i itn, mmH^ mtiim iH f i i fim Smfi I 1 ^ imfe wtfif ^ u mt^j n i men
fHf?mHre?wrcimt ien i I C U tnrn w ^ ffife muifî, ^ t f i vs ?fi Snei?
iitw-mjm Him? miaH fufu iHm 'ij^ftfmHi cwtm fH I C ? I f t m n i ^-fim-fim-mtfH-irm
mHitm fH fifi?tcn, "cm itncitf? iem iTm fimim c w t l U f c i c? s i i u n ifimfien, wti-fum vs
tntf fifcm
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Contents
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f r o cbTct c t f f t t c ? t 1 w f c f tctrt t ct^rcftr f f c f tATtt

ttfift #?tronr ^ istro Sera?! R M fifrow? f f a i t Wtftttft f t t r o t f f t t ftft f(ttiC?*t (litftt^fBR, t f f f t ^ ,
?n|t?r R W l r o s M ^^^ro W T Sv|f TOT W5jwftt ^ f A t t t f f ^ ^ H , t t f l C t t Wlttff t t t f , f ^ t , f .
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f s i R T O D i i (fRft x5R?,fo, "8 ftf^^ w A f R Actot c r o f f ^ I f c f f t cttefRc t f w i t c t t cbtct f ? f t f f ^
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w t ^ M ^ ' f r o lilfft f S R w # t f f tfctt g t f f t R f t ^
q t f f C A f t AttTttt CfCR I t f t R t i5A f o A W f A t f CttAtf f C t t A T A R t f C f f f f t t A t t ' tfct Wfft f f t t l C ? t
RJ1A Rt^ttc t M t t f f A t f t r o CtlR'ltatiCt Atftft A t ( f C A t ^ ) I f t c r o c f fft f R t f f f t A t C ? t tft ftCtR
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CPtttt Rft I RttWCat fUc f A 'Stiff RRtCWA Stt lilfft
art? f C t I t%tRtt CfTftC t r o ftCAtftT I ftf t C t W t A f t Cfttf' I t A t t f c f WtCtt t f lilt? t f t C f WtCtt t f c t
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t^tCR CSftCR stAR W t ^ f AIt?f Sfftft A t I t T O t t i8oi t ^ f t t A t f f S f R t C t A S t A ftftft AtCt W t t I lilt C ^
RtCR AtCfCRtro f f 2ftA W t f t t t ARA t t Stft# 'Altlf f C t t C t l f W S t ftCttt f f t t t CtftCtf A?l, WftA S t t t t W f f f
WA ftCttftt' Wt^ftf A I t ? m l P l f l t lilfft ScatCAttT RtR I f f CtCR f R t C t A S t A O fff f f f S f w I l i t CStft C f R C f R
f t f S attR Wt^ftf ATT^tRiCt i f t V t RTCR CftCR stftft AA w f f f f A C t A AC f C t f ^ ro R t 3 t t t f t t c RtAttT f C A I
% ? f CEWt ftWt Rft ftRtRCSt' I t r o t t iboh RtCR Stftft a t t f R f l t R ft'Sfc t R t t R'Sf A t Ct, tftftrt ttCtA t t f t t
At wtt^SttR ATt?,f' I tAt fCtTCt Wt^fttf ATT^?-(iTt RC^R Rlro A t f f f A t T O atCTf tft8tft t r c t t t t f t t - f t t f t Rt
ftro t f s i fftttCA (Glyn Davis, A Hsitory of Money f f Rt 1 c t t f R f a f c f w t f a c t t r t stAt f f A t C f C t t C ^
From Ancient Times to the Present Day, 3rd ttCtA RttTCt Rtro A S r o af?jt S c t f l ATtRtCt RtCwA t t t t t t t f
ed., Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 2002) i CRifttCtA ^^ff t t C f I Rt A t C t RARAA tro fftttt R A R
tCA 1 f f f R f l t f l A f ( f a f t t t W t f t t f f t C f I l i t s f t j t A f
f t f R-tC^'ftft^ fCt er^ft^ rott RTRltA 8 f t (g.
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t atfft RT Ctteftc A f f T t WtCtt f^f f A t t f Wttt-tsffT
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t t f f R ? r o f t t f t C f f t f t ^ tct ffACR I t t t f tfCfSt <3 ftftt f C A I l i t f l A C t tfttttCf t f t f f f t f t Ct(tt Sf5 I
t t f t t t t>att >a t t f t A ftttt WfttCA fpf ftft^ ffttlCAt I A t f t R AfrotC?t, t t t f t f W C t ^ ffftro f t t t t l i t f ^ t t f
( t t f A t t t t f f j ^ , t t R t C t t W<ttff t t t f , f ^ t , A ^ Sfte, I f c t t S , t t t R f t 8 W t T : ^ (Productivity
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WtAttt W t t g f W t f t W t t - t 1 ^ , CtlAttt Rtftt t t t t f t <3 ft^8f WfRtCA R t f t f t t S^tlRt RtAt t t f i f S^tttCtt WtT
f A ^ C t t r o Wtt W t t R t f , t t R t f tTt?f ft O Cft? % V5VO-V08, f t f t t f f t f f t t AS, tAlt f f t t t I f t A S C C ? C t t ^ t C t t
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t t R t f fttCftt
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Contents
sirmm I m m m n m t f m o m i t c w u f i m (t. -^jfitf ôiHc? t f c n t H f ? c i f i t e ?

mc? I incsit f??j m w ?m? i m c n m i w t i t ^ ? i e i , H f m - c ? t i ? i c n HHc tHurH
n H m ^ f c n m m f SH i Ss,m?f?T c^ Htfic ?n?rc? HHe?te?? t H f ? ? r H m m e ? i H i t e n
m ^ m c i , g? vs cw3[ itf f f i c n c m m Ss,m? W?T W t H i ^ ?ief ?t I I C ? lilt i^de f n H H e u i
?ft I c ^ m c ? fr?c?? m r HHt itc? f ? H m ? wcfHms i SntH 1? I
fc?? affHi ^ fc?? m H m ? ?sHc w??f I ??t fT?C?? b. f n 1 ? i f ? ? i t n t cti I C ? , H f f ? i t t i i ?
sfrHi s,m?f?f fc?? m m t t Hf i ? i ât H^sfsHc ^ c ? t i i ? m ? j < i t ? < P t f ? ?e?i I
fc?? m Hmc?? uftc fc?? m ? ??irc? w H i ?c?tc?f? 1. f n m nt ff wt?? CI? c?v8m m f f i?
cU3?r l t ? f c i (K.K. Dewelt & Adesa Chand, Modem H?iH i v s i f ? f n ?^1e w H w m c m S t t m
Economic Theory, P. 284) i l t "QtsHci W p t ^ i t e i f I w?iHc H H c U i ite f t t i t i t ^ m ?Tftte?
(Non Monetary Theory) m 1? I Hm! ? t n t viit cweat f r n i H ? i f v a m w t i t i f
m i H c i f C ? ? f5tc^ (Monetary Theory) f i C i n H itei I
tc?r>stf? w f H i S m t ? ?H?t ?c? m r i ? i ifltH? s t H m r b-. liiit if?iffe? H i f e ?f??it H H t t H f ? f f ? l ? m
fc?? w H c ^ m ? ?f c?tHPit H m ? ??; ??t f C ? ? m ittc ifc? I vit CWC35 biii=-jf^?va f f i i t e i i H f
H m ? I ir?c?? Hm?t?ttt ?f?c?t?i m ? I??T w s n H m c m - c ? m ii??ie? c m t e r n m n i r a t H?tH
f lilt cwc2t He?? Scgic?t?j I i ? ? f?ns ?j?itHi 1 ? I OTt ci?t-cm ê f t n t virm?t t t m m i
H?? ?f??rcn, w t m m ^ s ? ? m f ^ H??' ?H?tcn i i/it c m m e ? m ? t t f ? i cie? f t n t ite u i
c?r?Tuc?? ic?i H H f C f f ? mm w?f Itc?? tew ? stmt S). w m va f t c f i i H ? t f f - w m H m ? i ? f i ? n t
i H ? r e n , m m H H f ? t t ? w<HT?m ?mTr f r m m iH f f uîme? ? i H ? i m i w?iHei
i H ? r e n I wiffHc HHc?t? ? ? r t n i H m S m H m ? H H c 5 f f g H 3 F ? f i i ^c i t i f ? i?u m He? f t m
f?c? f ? j it?ci HH ii??tcn I ? f ? ? iS)0 ?lw? w J i t i H i ?iH?i? I
? n f ^ t H m m i fc?? m f u ? c i t ^ ?i?it?t m r ? a i m 10. f f liiiH H?tH ? i ? Hite? f t i m i t t i t ? t cre?

?5e?i I lat t m ?tmi?cn ?mir m ? ?sHc H?r H H i i i ? t f i r f t 1 ? f ? r i f H i e ? i H f f t n t ^t? ?i??len
? e n , iiitl(.?t i(w?if m e w ? w e n c?t?aFH f ? "m ? n i n e n WHHJF wt? i i c ? lat cwest f o ^ c n ^ ? f f ?
f ? H f n HHe?te?? ?H?c S,m?5f Se?it?5iie??miHH f ? l i ?t I
W t ^ f ? m t ? (J. M. Keynes, The General Theory of 11. t ? ? t e ? f f irre? H H ? t n t c m ??en f n
Employment , Interest and Money, London, ?i??ien W f i t n ? t i H f fttir tiitc? w f f H i
Macmillan, P. 166, 334, 351) i mtHi f t t i t w w c n f ?ie? i m r ? i H m ? i e i t ? m
Stc?? wte?tm ite c??r ?lteci c?, fc?? tew? SnH ie? I
wilfHH??? f P T ? tew e m ? H i c?tffei ? ?t i?ite il. f f ir??re? f t n ? m f t ? f?fw i t e i i w i ? H e i
tre?? ?it I nre?? c i ^ f r c i i m w s ^ c?[fm ?H?r ?mrc? c ? n m ^ c ? f r n ^ f i ? ! m i
m ? ?He tie?? ?tt i f c n H n H liit e!ff? w < f H H ? e n t i m n "Hf'?t f?
m i s wf?TtH ? i r m ?H?r H?tei i " H f w t ? f i ? I t m wif w t f n i , wff?^, ' f f H ,
n ??e? f f f m t ? ?t<?? i ' a m ? titH I ?fen H i f e ? ? c n m c? c m f f ^
i. m m ?H t f c n wHHs^ c m H ^ i i ? ?sHe? tif itcci I n t ' I f?wt? ?ffc? vit wet I n t ' i m H ? i ? m i ? t
1? f f I m i H c i ? i ? m f t n ?itrcm ?r?ic? fr?e?? itsnci I t m itf?tfn w i f l t c C l f f (Interest/Usuiy) i
w H H ^ wr? i t ? f f f m I 1ifc? t?tf? f t ? ica m i t i t c i , "fnt i t ? c ? t ? t f H
1. f ? T ? S t t m i t ? m ? , f T f ? m Ifc?? t H f ? I
wif ? i m f i f m ? ? f m i I f ? i f i c i t e n rnnff wie?t W%
w?iHci f t m H? ?se? ?i?-?ig? vs w f f ? ? w ?
f i e n w?i ?tit?t c?? i" t ? f i w i ? t f "wtnrff f ? w r ? ' - n
uiHmst? I
i n ics ?fi?tcn,"f??i itcci c i t ?1H ?t?, m t c m
vs. f n Ss,tH 1 ? ?f? ite I- ?f? f f f S " ^ 'ê m ? i
e? ?f? itt f n Ss,tH w ? n i H f f t i m f H i ? i t e n H H n ?ei" ( t ? m n w ! N i ? i ? ^ , ^j. v s ^ ) i
?T??rc? ??r?H f t n HHC?TC?? ?I?IC? I f c n ? t ^ i t c f f m?tenvsH'S?fiti t r v a f m s ( i )
8. f n ?^te ?fmr ^ m t e m ^ ? n ic? ?f i IW? w m tfvsf, ( 1 ) i i e n ? f i i t e n w m "^Hi? f f
H f f r r r n ????re? f t n w H ? ^ strei n t ^Hr? ?r i f m ? ?r m t H f ^ ivsu, (vo) ste?t^ sttmn
c ? r m m i^t "^H ? n i^cn i Uofi?te?ii?i?t I
t??if f i i e m
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Contents
t m f ut?i
If? i t 2 F t 3 cm cncm lilt Mitl it^sit cid 6th Edition, Lahore, Kazi Pubhcation, 1986) i
tu f f cncn tntci fSfu ^^ci i itci? Scm fitit iti c m c m i f n ie, 'sfttm itfei Scafi i?H icu?
i f m wt^-mtfwi wiftci? mci mte cm ufâR ?itife? 'm wti-itn'-iii? fm H<tf? i fif wfimti i f ' m
itc?it 1 ficil m ien, itfei Scfifi i?'H iU Sitni ftmei
fîfiimcî Seal im itîc^ I Ife me wm ci c m iU nen cwm^s
tntf itfwt W f i t f fiif' I t f l ^ mm? I y 'f??t lilt f H ieitwi ^ê? i Seiu ci, Int wii-ifid'? finH
m-ilfi?t'1. 'Hit wti-itn' I Itfcn mmei fifi?; îtei i
m t i t ? f 5 Itci? cwm 1??! wti-Ufnf? Sn n i ifci? t n t e i f l i f i m e i fifi?f
Si? nen ?H?ten cifwe ^jfiitf? wffi35 f i i ^ ^ e f i t f m iifdfnt if? wffien mmci fieiiîi
f m r mt Inf wti-fitfnt' i itlitt cm w< ?t iU iti i?i'iqtci litu c?, tmei n ??enfi fifi?; i liitnite?
ciît? fifim itiittm fii& itc mm? ?j??tn iififfis tntf VQ mnt wie? m ên Hciiên wfmn
Ue? I t iHitei ifi itn ci^sit w^ if icu? wtfiif filial ?fimci I iff'wnfieiiwi? m wta!wrfi itft liit mtitc?
f?ei tit fnt m-Ufiif i cm, i. i.-ci i o o ttm n wf^ ^ m<fi m m itm fimen i mmimei tmst
me?? w m lat ic ?t? cn c?, n ?n? i? i. S^ i o o fcn i t ^ ifimen, ff m:n Sn f^ff? ift f? i
ttm ift wffia; m l o ttm C I ? fie? i lat cwest liit f T f i f i ^ ism mei f ? w t ? itfen ficii mt i cm
wffi^ f H ftm ^ê? 'Hm wti-mfim' i <itte? imtm ?H c m H d w^m m?cl liit mfite? fii fimH ?fi?fei I
Itl ifmci i o o cifw m lilt ie it? fi? c?, n mi i? f?m-iffen wfmf ftitc? itH ?#m ns mitm f ? imei
in ifm i i o cifw m C I ? fic?, mm itei liit wff?^ i ^ cmen titen m i ft ^tf^ cweat ciltf i
I o cifw 111 ^ê? 'Hm m-mfim' i i . m vs fiusten f ? s fii cite^ mif, tnti [
n m f ? gm Ite itco fifiic?? cweaj'Hm wti-Hn-iii? uigfH m Sîfcn ft fifi^ ifimci wm m vs fime??
Sn 1? I cm ge?T? ift ii?5t mf? f m ?1H ifiifci fcn irtite? tntei fienfim mt i liit S^ ff w ne??
fiHn mfici, mi? S^ wffm35 ifimi fim wti-mi' ?m iem fd? Sn fii-mi ire? mfSm m i liit f ^ lew
1? I cm i c f w S ^ men ci^sp?? ift i c f w Hnten ntm f i m mfe? fm w t i tnti-n i v s o i mm Sf
cl^ fifii? ?sm ltd, fintcn cffc?? i^ wfifms? i cifw ie?i I lilt wt?tc m it?tei s "cititimii! cmm u^ffH
^ê? 'Hm wti-mn' i liit ?itite? i f m f i (i)-'ii? nltm Ite? ff mm T t i 1 ? n t wtmei ? i ? ; mm ?5m m
I t f i liiltei Sdl mm i t l s ctnt ?5iiti m i f i e ? i"
mf I t t i w t i - f i f (m) itc ifi I mffmi (i) l i t cff? cmim n i f ? w t ? itm mfid cifien, im
ifimen, "cmm? ift citm, ?iit? ift ?iit, iei? ift ii, vs ifm ifei nen mmn mH ^ f? imfi w t m
ien lfl ??, ci^c?? ift c i ^ liiit nei? ift n l I t f i i itmi I ifft nen vir^ m.i? ?ft?tci i ifm
fifiien cwm n t i n t i nt ite ite (in) fifin wtm mficn ?ft?fei i ^ itfH vs cimit i mif^ f i i ?
i m Sfu I iiit?ii fiHm ci cmf m m i cn m cn, d f f n m i m nfim nt f i m itc Hm wfnen ifli f H
mm? mc? i liit cwm (wime?) mm iftm Se? nti" vs n # wfni m ifnt H#5^tn cm wtm m mm wti
( l f l fifien ?mc f i i ? i f i i t i t f i , mtm w f . î m, i i Sf i f i d Hmf% fH <tct i t n i f? imfi m wim
I t ItoVft) I I t m ? f i d rmt v i t nen mH itc f? itm fcmi
n? wtf mtl f i f (m) m ?iif isfimen, i?? irtn? I tit w Sf w t m mt^ v i t im m i im mtn
filtl (m) limm?rnfcim f i (i)-iii? f i i t fii S ^ men m n , m ffci litim ?ii im it?tc^ i cm nemei cn
cii? wtfien i ?tff?iti (i) tifei fw^tm ifien, 'fH iH mm, ien iem ffim i f H v s m, rm w^f liit n n ,
c^m ^c lilt wtfid?' H m (m) Sm ifien, 'wtiten m? S n ifim irm mtn i
ci^ mti fn I mt wtH fwi ifimi mti ci^cn if?ic i f i z i f?wm emir im itmei s".... fif m-iHi
ti c i ^ imtm fimH i' m f f m (i) ificn, "rnii tit iife mm-mfiwi (ti?)" (fim : i f e ) , w n mm
cm fcn it itl, tit cm fcn it i m^s l i i t i i ifia aRf-fi?Ri Itmi vs ff mm ifimen..." (mrnm : iio-) i liit
m I ti c i ^ ittc mltd iiei cmm cii? mme? wm wrmc mmimn fcn fifimr emir im itmei i
fc?i? fifim figm ifie? i d icu? fiHm ti ci^ fifim 1. cmii Ifcn ff i m Se,im iten f ? cn cn liit
itc?' (Muhammad Mushin Khan, The Translation im ifie men n , imr? m i m i m cmii i t e i ? c?m
of the Meanngs of Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. Ill, ff t?tfH f i f i ^ - ^ d v s imtfii liita iHmm wm ifi
t m f fiiem
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Contents
t*tllf A7t5,f t W t f t ?J!?f
sjAt <n Se,tm m.<^ c t f r n f t ftM ^ i iit tmtm Met ^tttc? I t t f t f t tttew? f t e t t f w t t t - f t f t , w<ftft.tfttTt^t
tAtet? f f ^ e(sm, t t f t f t j f trtajf^r tat? Mt M t l ^ t l t t t t f t w tt ' S f A t t i c ? I
tmr ? t ? t Rtes? S w e t T i t n e w t ^ffm SttM f t ^te R t e t ? WtAt s f t t t c f w t f - f t w t c t w t t w t t t
l i R s i t ftftt Ate? ft ct^s?tc5 wttM ? t ? t ?it I "^tAtet? ftift tiM A t t ^ fAwcA? t t t t f f a t ^ (R)-iiit # t t f t t t t t t
f f ^ A t f , A t f f a t A (R)-*il? f e t f f T o c t t - A j e ? A S u s f e f t t t - f < ^ t C bfftICA ctt R t A I A f t ttt W t A t t t A f t
tret? c f t c t ? ^ I t f t t ? f e t ? A R t t - A t f t e w j ? w t i c??t Sttt (tt) M Ri'SFt^ f t t t t f t t t ? ctt wt?rtcf t t f f a t A
te w ? t t t A A t t
t r e t ? c?ft? f t a t A t aftt? lAtet? (R)-iii? ftt t t f t f f ttctt wttt t t f t t S c a t fMc?? 1
^MP? I ?j?ttM ft At ?jt<fti f i e f t A l ? t t ? t ?fte m I t?t w t t t t t ? e f t , "ctt c? wttt t t f f a t A (R)-iii? ft? ?iM
tAtet? lilt f f ^ t M t? (iitwtT Ct, tjATtte? fte? A t t l f A f , fAf M wttte M " ( t f f t t t?tft, ftt t a ,
trott? ttttttft cftfttct? ^ t t e f I f c t ? ?t??ie?
CftfRlet? ^ f A l t t t f c t f J F t ? t t t t ? F t l t A f M f f sret? f t W R t # e t W t a t A 1 W t f t ? C f t 8 "ttAftt f t t t t fAt?t
c t t t t t t t s t f ? ftftM ftM fte? f C A t t ctt f M ; t A f c t t trf^tt t f t f t c ? AtAfef tttt tAtt t f At?t t t t f
t J t a f t F ? Ate t t e ? t t 1 ^ s i t f f a l A (tt)-<ii? w l f t f ? ? t c f t ttt I t A f l i t w t J c t , lAttt t C f , a p A - f f g R Ct f C t ? tt I
tftmttt
t ? , ??? t A f A f t f t C f ^ W t S f ? A I ? t t f ? t tAtCt? ?T?tt w t ^ WtatA i 2 R i - f < * t c f A f f t f : ^ f f t c f A t t t t f f ? t t e ? t i ATAT?
WtT trt aJAt ? # 1 tfft tft S t t f t t t w t f t lAt? 'tf^ f t c ? tAf? ?c?t,f?cft w t f t t t e ? lilt? c t f?? A t t i c ? , e?
wt?t? f t A f t f t t f t t ' f M t f t A l t fttcftct? t e tt t Wfte AtAt A t t i c ? tAf l A l t t ; TO? tAft ATtttC? W t ^ t A t
'jtl?TTft lilt A T A t t M trt t t c f w t c f f f t t f M e ? t i l i l t f f t l e ? I w t t t t A f t t W t T O wtt f f t c ? I Ait I t W t A t ^ I
f?wTt't#et f t slt^ c t t t t e ? tAttt f t f t ^ t c ? " ( f t t t t f t t t - 8 A'^ft) 1
f t t t C f ffsnt t#et? a t t t WTtf tiM A ? A t f f P l A "wiatA f t c f f t f % ^ ?sctt iiiA? TO-t??tef t t f t t t t c t t i
(R)-<it? tft f c t bid t iflt wiAie A f t ^ A t e ? s "Atfct? w t t w i ^ Cftt w f ^ t t f t c f ifttett tt" ( f t t t t f t f 8

A'^V) I
tt ^ t t t e ? ? M ctAm c t fft M t t f , w l i t A ? f i t e TAf
tt-ttt f f t fC? tt; Iff C? f t f t Ctt?t WtatA? tftt ftct " t f A l f t r o w t e t , c t f f t w f C ? , Rtft ?tC?R f C ?
Attt c t t , lAtctt iAtct? ?e?? f t c ? wte? i tAtet?
w t T : M t t f , fAtt f f t t t t ; tAftlt t f f % t l f t " ( f t t A i t s
C f t t ? R t lilt? l A I f f 8 f f 5 t C ? t r ( f t t A t f t f 8 A*^*^) I
vOfe) I. , , ,
"CA f f t t t t ! C t t f W t a l A C f ? f t ; - w t t f C t t ttAt
iit wttte fft "3 Atft ttcf t t f c t ? f f t t t t t ? ft? A C f f wte? tAf ? f f f f R t ^ , t f t C t t f f f t t A l" " t f t
wttt f ? t A t t t c A I c t t f t c f f t c t t ? ' j f w t t f f t c t f M c?,
cttf Rt ?teft, e? w M l A liiA? f l A l t t i f c f t R M f c r o wti
fTit AttTCt lAtet? t t t ?ttfeC? ii|?l Atft tf tt?-t??t a|f A"a I f f f tft Cttf f ft, e? CtRtCtt fftt
f f t c f iAlcHt t t t f M A t t c ? I t t t s t f t t t t c t f M c t , c i t i e t t t I tAte c t t f wrf5it f f t c ? t t TO? wTt5tM
rAtet? t t f t ?tc fft t t t t t t%f fAfct? t t t t l f t c e ? I A t e ? Rt" ( f f f f t f 8 AVS>) 1
f t c t ? wttte f f f Atft t t C f a t ^ M tftttt t t t t t t attAlR iittC? lilff? w f t f t 1 t w f t f W f t -^C R t t W C f w
f ? t AtttCA I f f t T O ?nt1ct WtatA mM l i t TltM atfaFf ^3 RASt t w f f t
ftftt w t t t s F g < ttwft tct At f A t t f t f t f t f t t t e ? w ? f ^ fMc?t I
t t f f t e t ? w f t f t t ^ f f t t f e a t at^c^ t t | t w f c f tl t t f f t e i i ? f t R t C ^ R A t t f t (R)-iflt f C A f f I t t A j f t ?
f i e t i f t t f t t f e a t f M wtatA t'wtff A C f t 8 "iiiAi>tAicHt i. Att wttfatA ttt R t R ^ ( f ) t f t t ffttle?t,
ftaJACt? WtT, t M t A f fAtet? W t lftMt R T AttlfVl mx t t f f a l A ( R ) f"Tttt f t s j f f f ? C f f t R ttAte?? (f#IR,
WtTt?tCA C f t C f ? t t - t t t f t t f f t t t ? W t l , Wt? Wtft lAie'i? Atft? R? Afefeft,- ffT!|f f t t f t , TO* t ^ Wl-f?t? w t f - w t t t f t ,
t e t r w f t t t f t e t ? w t i t t f t t t f % ^ s t t t t t f f t t f t " ( M s ibi) i is><Â) r
f t t WtAt 8 f T t t e W t T ftttt ttM A ? f t t w t f A. At? w t f t t t f t WtA5atA(f) A f f t f M c ? t , t t f f a t A
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Contents
8. m^ti tmti? ifit ?5%s?, Uf^m on Islamic Banking, lERB, 2003) i ifeb-i i t C I n .
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( i t ) <iPt?ic^'i, fcn l o H ^ matd I tim l i t e i w ! cutHi m^H^ i?rfc tiitf ?Tt?Ht u?ft U f ? nuc?
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fici? f?f%^ fte? t m f u t t u uutt ?fu cmm icm turn tmf s^ nti ifit? n c ? m w ? i c ? i vît S i i c w
>a'unu mum w^tms? cwi?m 1 ? I i m c i i i f n i f f i i i c ? ? iff?fm? i c n c ? n wtciiff
ilt cwcai fiuim Siiucicn t m f fumfiiii wtmt t u i cfH w t ? c n ' t i t f ? u?m i ? n f m i H c n wiftd
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nH 4iitcm mu cii mm i ife-i m i ci? mf? fifittto-n w u i ScuT3? w u ? vfli.vfl. ? f ? C 5 f # n
wtim f m 'Economics of Islam' U n 2r?C^ WC?^ iimiic?cnid vflt u w t m ) if#iiSimiff?f?ffi
%i cmmrf? Hf%c t m f urtHt ?j?ft atfm Hn Sirn uf?3i itu ifei* itci tntf s ^ n t i (wftfSH) U3rr ^
?!c?i I ifeftft m i cumt? Swrcn mm An outline of I C ? I wrtfSH iff? m i m m e n i c u m m ? i i e i ? cn
Interestless Banking f ? U iu:^ tmtf ? T t t d ? u m fHm fif^ c i c i fffft?va c ? f t m f n t i iftt
?5iiifc fuuu fifH itî^ uHm u U ?ci? I citun I t m m (The International Association of Islamic
wn-wruf ( i f e t o 8 ) vs m.'H. tum ( i f e t o 8 ) t m f uttd? Banks : Directory of Islamic Banks and Financial
l i d t i i ftffc? fUUU f H wfi?cn iuii' c?? i ifetob- Instititution-1997; Banker's Almanac : Directory
u c i wtf? f f i i f i i f i u t i c n wffH fimcn w u t n s of Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions) i vflt
uwtfm fiHf fmru ff? ff%c t m f uttHt-n m c i i m t t ? wtm? f m - n S c u t c i ifei(? u c i ' f U t
H-'?fifit i c i Siftn m:?i i i??ft fH filum f H t m f i i u t t i ' , -ifeii i t c i fin va f u n mmi tntfii
W 3 ^ f i u m i ? T U S t i m H-'s?fifis I T O I w f n ? nti' n t f c u : c i i w t m u l w w t i - u f e n c?cf "fc?
nfimcn im? mm? ( M . Kablr Hasan, Text Book i t u t ? uSw'ifit 11 I C ? I f?f^ fifii cii uts C 5 m i ,
t m f Hicm
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Contents
VQ rtQ f^mwT
vflt m n t m f Banks: Directory of Islamic Bank and Financial
u T t i stHfis m I v i i t m n n i ? m t m f u T t f i ? , iMt? Institutions-1997) I cmt? t m f U t t C I ? Um
i i i m n r i futu mi itut vit m l i itwtcn cifM mltu m i
f t s i f U f i i i m mi wHttit? i f f ?I ? T fnf f?i 1?^ I i c i mt fici t m f n t n ^ f? Hf% m m i
in? mfi? iin? f R f mf i ? i f t s f ii f f i i Smi? vit m ntci? iHuffUi U U T t m f uttfit-vfl? if
w m f n mif m? mm Smi itm i f f w ? mr I fffii #?t vflt
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ifit? utitn csftuff? icutt ufie itci i <itt uift? ifiunu- t h e D i a r y o f I s l a m i B a n k B a n g l a d e s h L i m i t e d I n 2 0 0 3

1 u u i T u w n ? i c m v f l t m u U f f Um iicwi'jf n I
referring to the sources of lAIb & B a n k e r s Almanac) i
ifevo l t d ? n U C I t m f i ? ? 4 ilfn? v i i m i i i c m t m f s ^ u t t i t m f n t i i f n m^twtfn i f i f

t m m n w # mr i mtitnci? i ? ? ^ iff icn? -s^trnt (mtnntfi)-'fl? Scutci t m f m t i f i ? icu vflt m
f t n - S i - n .i)t icim t m f m # i utti uift ifit? it?mHi imi VQ ncufim fcui if?c?i usiitf? n i
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ffi tmfii m ucit iff?va sm^ ic?i M. Azizui n I I d t m f n t i u?ft m^swtfn n mc n m n i

Huq (Editor), Readings in Islamic Banking, ^ cii^ nisfict n , m n m:m <mci n t fifii
Bangladesh Islamic Bankers Association (BIBA), ficn uftc?8 t m f utti iffl ituci i t m f ?iftiifn
vol-1, 1983 & 1984] I mfim fici
I W T if?d cm utn n, vitt ui ciif^
ifeb-i U C I ? wtfufc nt mcmn f? t m f f i
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utti u?ft ifm ffim im? Situ if?m ?cii g
vitt nen m<-itufwi mft? f i f % ^ ic^vg t m f uttfit
The Islamic countries should develop a
vfltn nei n m m m w i ifiuei tit itct imtfi n n,
separate banking system of their ovra in order
t m f ?Tftfitiei mtisfim fiiwfim Ite Iff'it?tei I
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to facilitate their trade and commerce' (flRf) i
ifeife l t d tmn mwc3? Ss,ii if?m mrnfiti dtnf?
tcmicu t n r f ? T t t i uift f i m n mtwtfi u
citfcf t m f fitf? I t i f t ^ m i ? ifeb-i iti i t c c i t cifm ifm i f f U Sflitci n t nfi vê?i? icwr icit
cTci? ciftt mfti mtt t m f iîfc ufim itwttm ncwi
wilt I t f i it?tei I viiitcfii ienu ^ wu?en f i i " 2 t e
nvQm 1? I ifeb-i l t d i t f i m i v Q uftimn t m f uttfit
tntf i T f t f i t fim tcmieu icit w i i f % itmfei i fiei?
utf?fim3 n ? (M. Kabir Hasan Ph.D (Chief-Deitor), fif^ fiifiutm t m f ntfit v^n vinH msg fin fiim
ifl itc ci I vflt Hm Sw? ienu fScmrr m i m
Text Book on Islamic Banking, Economics
S m t ^ ^ ittceii
Research Bureau, 2003) i ifeb-vo ltd I t m f i m vg
n i m t m f uttfit fiiten '*ium
f?c^ t m f i T t t f i t mtl ifi I U mr I.
ifeb-8 I t l ^tc tm mm itfn mft t m f i t f "mc? t m f ffitim meitci ifevjsi mtn itmfim
mcitns i f f i i - m itH^stci? i f f i i uttfit U
I
'Pilgrims Salngs Corporation' i f f i n I
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l t d ? i v ^ f l t î^c i l f i ^ t w fiHHi ?Ttftit dicn uffici iffl mr I
f i f i ? ; im 1 ? I fftci? utit iptft itf "mi cumcn iffki? ifevjsfe ltd umfim "m^t iff' uei v n H fieiuf?
WU8 vit n? Scuti n v Q U mr i t m f ? T f t i ilf& n I

mfi? I i c i ? i n i t ?,m f nff^ftt m f utti i f e i i mfd fim? itumte mren cuiiti i T r t i '
ifflf n I ftfii-uftfii fiHcm ffim fif^ nci mfi? iffini
I i c i ? ci? u m n ift? cif t m f n t i iff i t ifeivo iTd vQmtH niifm? wfiftii mrwtfi
m 1 (The International Association of Islamic t m f n t i ifm fim^ i i i i e n i
t m f fiiem
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Contents
twrf ?Tt?f
ih'\8 t t t f 'SWitft C t t t f C A S W t t f t t t W l t f t f t H5tCt t. ft? ttt ifeb-b Rtf Ate t t f t f R ? f t t R ? Wf?C5ttT

R t M t A R T C A t t f t f w f f M f t t WWe? A T t ? f t f C A t
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f t f A t l l R t R T A? I
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stlfftsA? I ctt t t ^tc WtM R t t R f A S.titt tie fttm??
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ife<^<^ t K f . t t f t t t A T t i t f C A ? wrswtfff t f t f t f f t c t t e t ? W t f f t f t t t t wl?t I
'International Association of Islamic Banks' A. ftfC?? # ? t R t t S ^ t e t ? w t l f w , R R , f f t TOTt
C t t f Wt?e? t f t o A ? I
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?>?Ct? C t t t t t C i t I t1f?5^tC?? tttftf ? J 5 f t J t f t W ttftf
8. R t t t C t ? R M W?%ftf?ef? ff%C ? f % 'S RltlfWf
tAiffC I t f f t t t t W t t t l ? R W S
tie f t f t c t t e t ?Tt?fRêAt w i t f A t i
f. atttftfotXR ff?ft R ? f t f Wtfsff EtffilRW ffpj,^
iS)b- RTCR A T l f T C t t t f ^ t - f t lilffAR aft? f t f ^
? R T A ? 8 (i) The House Building Corporation
ATtf ? t t f t f ? T t ? f ?t?RtCtt f f f t c t ' t f ^ M A t I
of Pakistan, (ii) National Investment Trut TO?
ifelrs R t C f f t C ^ t t f t f ? T T ? f t f M f T f C ? I
(iii) Mutual Trust Funds of Investment
Corporation of Pakistan, ifefei RtCf ?tA?RCt The Accounting and Auditing
t. 'fTS-CftrortR' Wlffttft (Profit-Loss Sharing- Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions
PLS) WSUS w t t tACt? W ? T t t f f f W J f R t l T O f C A W t f t t t (AAOIFI) lilfft w t ' S W t M w i l A l f t f f M a t f ^ ftttCA f t ? M
?nS%5 C t t f t A?f I A? I t A t ? Wtet ^ i f c w f t t i t wtffwAtcR ^ n ^ M f i ^ C t t t C t f
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tRt A? I i. w t f t t f w R , A. w t f c w M , . w t f c ? M , 8 . w t e w f ^ t t , <t.
t. ifeb-8 R t C f ? m C T O t R Rt?JCt t t f w t R R ? f R m W l ^ f f t t , b. ?tAttt, 'i. A t A t t t t , br. AT?RtCtt, S.. f t t , io.
?RC?? RC?T C t c t T i t t t r o A J t ? f t ? - i i R t f ? ? c f ^[ttat CftTO f t f , ii. iA. CiStRtf, i . fWfft, i 8 .
t t f t f f ^ f f c ATtlft? ?t?ai5R t f ? 5 f f ? t ffM ff?TO ftt?, id. W t t t f , ib. f f t , iH. ttM, ib-. t?, is.. tcRtetM,
f?C?t Ct? I A o . t r o , Ai, t?tf, AA. w t t t , A. ftWtff^TO, A8. RtaflR
. ?Tt?fRtt f t f t ? ftf%f%?5 f s t f t f M ?Tt?ft? t A M o f f f atwtl. A*, fet, Alb. C f A t t t , A*^. ffF^ttM, Abr.
W5t^ ttftt R A f R ? 5 f ? s Wtf >flttA t f ? ? ? ttfttt f C ^ t t t f , Afe. R t f C A f f t t , o . C R l f f o t M , i . t?e^, A.
f?C R t ^ t f ^ f o t C ? t T O R t ffltt St? Atc t A r f t t t w R , . ttff^SR, 8 . fffffft, fffttitt, i b . f1R,
f t f f t T?tttt?t Ct>Q?R fRct litt f S R A l t f R s f f t Alfftt, b-. C R t f Wt?A, fe. C R C t t t f , 8 o . ?f%t WtMt,
?Tt?ft?CfR ttctt M t 2tff31Rt C t t t TO I 8i. f T O , 8A. f t W t t f J t , 815. t t t f T t S , 8 8 . ftSMttt, 8 * .
tRt? ttftt iS><^S. R t f A t c tAt? R t t f s f f ?Tt?f f?^, 8b. R ? f ^ W t f t W t f t t , 8H. faRlWI, 8 b - . 8fe.
?J?ft t t f t f t^)fC A i t t m ? ? f C t ? t t t t ? t M t t C ^ t tttCtRl
tAt f C ? I l i t A T t t t C ? l A l t l f?ft t t e t W f t ? A ? I t t f t f Af? f WT^ RRC? Wtttf tffttr? CfRf^

f. attt ttt iS.<^fe-iS.b-A 8 Ctf&t ?Tt?ft? A J A f f W t f ? ? R t , RtiaftCF, t M t f % t - f t 4fTO A l t f f t f CttsffC, ftRt
f t t t e t t t f ? f A t J t R 'S f?tt? f A t A t I ffftCtTO?tAtt ttet WiMtt'Îtff CfftRfCATO?fACt?
t. f ^ f t ttt ifebrA-ifebr-b 8 lilt t C A t t f t f ?Tt?ft?-'i|? wtttM RtftewTt t t W t t f tfttt f M t S c f t w f c t f t f R
TOT s f C t t w f ? W t t ? f t t t Ctt tef f t t A t TO?, lilt f R fCtfft lilRtfR I Ctt Cft? Wff-RtttfWf tf?fffC t t f t f
f R T S R C f TOt f f t r o W R T nRTST%J s f T O f t f t?C^t ? n ? f ftw fftc RTO, l i t w t w t f f Ste?iftt atttct liit
C??t A? I ?T?^ te^ltcti Rtf AtttC? I t?5etf RtCf? S t f t R w i f e t M
t t f t f f?tCfR
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Contents
tooo tmf UF?I
m Smtfrr wism tmtf utsmrn itim mm ?m? mtme?i i t c c i ffif? ?t?FTE3T ifln n mf?
fH tttuci nt iufi ntf? n t m f n ^m? wfn? ml, m ifess m? i w f? ??^ ?n? f f t i mftwrmen
it?iPff cmtftei I cit? cit? c?? fisf fisf ? i t t f i t ? J i t t c i iemf?iei itfi it^lcfe^ nt t i t i Q wtci i ? t n i ?m
t??tf itf"wl? ff? ff%c n f k lint i i t i i%rci c?, l i t fi t^ tHm citmtf mn n H fimH ?j?mf citmtf
nft c?cn it?Hi wi^tH VQ ?Ttti?jitt t m f ff?it?ic? ^ miten mtm c i f g i nemf ejf? f i f i c m ? f'kn
if?uim ?s?f nt w??t:n fiit wfn?fi? cfDt?f c?s?t cwai f i f I l i t m f?em ?itw?en f i ^ f i i f ? fiten
ini f ? T f i e n miffifie iHfs i? i
i t i t i ffn nft w t 3 w i f i fut?? ittt 'utfitti Ifltc?cn itf? fifi? Sifmmimf mmmf iffe?
t?ctfStcfi' n ic???t wfiei ifitte? Siitit? tifimei, f<*c*, titen c ? ^ f00511 iie?tfen R'spy* ? t i%tcn i
ifgfn fiet ti?tf ? i t t i ?J?tt T m i wfii? ii?e?t?jt miten i f l t ? t , vflt ?twNi wt?tf wtiten i f t wfttm
wsf? if?eci I ?i c?en Sf?i it?3Fc? i s t ?J?tf tsifff fli miten cm?-fimn Hf%c f i w ^ ?T?frm ?fm ffim?
w??t? ?tfie ?wi ttcci I w t 3 w t f i ?twte?v8 ?jtii? mTifi f i i t ? ? ???c? nt m^ wfâi? lf%e fcn f i ? ^
ii?r?tiit W W ? if??tci I I ' Q W 'fi?tfi?i? t t t ? i ' - n miten ifm ifem*(fti ?emt? ifm Sfkrtci i fcn
fif%ni? itfcn 2 ( f r ? ? i iT itwna' n ffji?e? fiiei mitm f i f i ?f?m ? ^ ifimen i. m?m?ei% i f ?
c?itt?tcn, Hm tmtf iittiifn fiHcUi fi?cn fiem, f n fiem, i?tc?f wtcmn n t c i c ? mtm IA. C I .
i i ? t (fto t i c?tit? filter i ? i i K 5 i ? c?ii^ i tu? ic?i iwf? I C I ? fn-iwf itft? wtcmrc? f ? Ses^cn mH fif
Smif? c?i?f:i? wtf?tHf ib-% i tit? i?t ? f w ? ?fmH I
ilfi?1?;C?ifi? W t f ? t f ? f i8%, f ? T i A%, Wt^??, %
.f?f^ ?jtti ifif mt iflt c ? e n ?tfcn ? i f ? t i
nt?fw?-f^ 4i?t 1% I iTtit I wtitm fgen iem Hti itf? citm f i e i
t?ilf ? J t t f i t i R f c n T Z R f ^ i l f , w?tî?t? ?t?c? ?i ^fti itntf? mtite?en imtwt? i e i i ? i i n t f n m???
ftfiiHi wt'S'^tfn w t f i i iffua tci?c?j t ? ? f f i?;f? f i f j F mtti i f f -a ifimm? icutr? im w t m m? i fif
i H -^fic^ci I Hci? if'^f? fft apci? 'caru? t ? ? t f i i
f i ? j t ? i ^ i ' , H tS iii ^-^-m /tmfii ita', liitu m H
e,itf? mi'-itmfwi vs ?twtifi itffie cit n Semti
H-n 'cin?t? tmtfii fmri Hifei^', fitc?? itnen ftf fH w s f ? iHc ite? m i (f?i i e i ? citft? f i e i
it?c?iif'wtwfmtfi?f?t i?iH ^ c?it it?t i t f w ? itîtci i mmwtc? f i f 5 5 witiftf t n t f mtti iff% i? i
?ttnc?ci tmf ? J T 5 H ?j?fi if^&i? wtemtm imwtcn mm ww wtitic? i m i t ? f i i ififiSt?
IFLT Sime?ei f f imten ? m stt? ntci t?e? iflctcit fiemw wtn? cut^ t m f mtti imtm itm
n H m t f ifiin? (?tfiifin) f i c i t e t i ? f itîlc^, Semn Siiew i<tto men ito mi^ tntf mttHt f i i e ?
" w f i i t t i ? t f ? i t f it?t W5f?, itti^ w?fr? f n ifm nt wffiCTfime?i i g i ^ m ifltijS^?if??ten) i ft
?tc?? c?l?tf ?tit? itit nite itf w?t?, n ? f i fgt? i i s i e n w ? f i e i leite?? iffttm cite (c?ite? - ^ f CTcn^m?
S^5?if?itfcn i t i t ? ?ten c?f?tf utfim itcii" ?Hf? cmt? fn, tm itei) n H mntiftf tntf n t i
?tt?te?en I f f ? ^flFite?t fci? fic?tf I fen f?ie^ i f i t im n ?fim v i t cinci i^b-s. itci icitcn i f i
imtfifi ?H?ti?if?iH?teiifenHn:îitencwt ?t^?fi VQ I t m f w i mffe^ wm >s?tei? wtf wtmf n
f ?t? iHn VFLT c?cn ? t ? t f ? t ? -a Sitijte? n t i iltffci i itwiitc? wtm I
IFLT c?cn ?t?t cflii fimt'va wti??ei w?icn f?-1?e?tf
is81 itci ^ itgiwimcn wf?m i H fig iHm msM
it?ti? ^-ilme? fftm ^fkm I lit c?ei? HH^ mit? ?lf? wtfm VQ fimtcn Hi%c mf?m Ucs? 1?-êst iflt fisftc
fimt ?5en c?, itw? f?citen ? t ? fif^ i i ? iU? f=iit?l c?w^ w?iel? wf?f*ii fijcmen ff%c muen mif-ititfwi
?tfici i i m ?ten C i t m ?f??t ? i ? I ?T?ft i f t i ? wtcmn 3 R i iti, -a cwt?m ^tm Sfk
?c^ ?t, f ? mmei' w??cn liitii ?e?ft? titcn Itci I
fiiti, >&fir, ffieit? ^ wH^l? fHc if?t 5(l?tci i
fc?? H?3 itm iicw?c?> ?i??t? w-fiw, H^-Hf? Hi^ i f e s b r men i ^ i t cst n t i m iifimen Semif
ifniei I lit wf3t f ? imei mitcn cm? fimn 9ms W f i t c ? mttci? i n 1^ wm wilt? citen cicn
fPiHmeii IFLT c?cn?iw??in?itwf fcnfi??:^ f i f i uttfit mttci iif ^mcs? ffiim 1fk fttkn w i ^
?Hm w?icn msiie? (?tf Hmen i wttHiite? iifitf?i wtmi Iflt W f i t c n i m wffi? t?ci itH^ten i??
fPT?f?uc^ ntf?Hf%i cne?en ?itme? lit cicnmfc?? cwue?i cuitn wtf fifw ?Ttti uift inci?
c?imn ?e?tm ftft w?f5? I iewi c n I
tmf fu^cm?
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Contents
ifesfe ucn i i uf ulim n t i m ufwtcn umsia? Utiteii uttci? mfi wtfie m i utitcii mntci?
wu fiuH-fm 'wiififu fifift mn' {tt t?r I <flt tfHH ftfte? n%f ienu iHufn wm uQ.uai.n. i i w
smn cum u<u?ft tmft wtu?*f? Wscs fTfkn 1%% mitm ifeb-o uci tiitft uftuifet? i^tmwi
aitfl i?r I msn ifeî u n uHîw? S? utcn i m imtcitum wu f i t tiittf utti, fimcn imn tiitft
Hftit wtfii <^<lglc bi^to? U T s m cum >i<(i>tiNaic? tiufi I t f t i , uen cuiiti utti n t t^tiumti iflcufmeun m
uiuoc^ wu i i mf umuflu frftf i m I C U T i <iit tmfii uttii-n ?i?eu mfm i f i i i ? icn i utrnieici
i ^ f f i%m Uf< wra 'fuui-fm "?[tHu u<iii (mt) tmft. utti iftm fiifii iHu ifeb-i mtci 1H liiiH
umtift wift uu, fifn ufim% iftnu, tmft ftf^-iu ifcmciiieni
rnim-miumcnf n ^ ^ m . . . tmft ucS? <P5u' ifiu Seal ifeb-o mtci iifi'ici i^fi 'smitiif'35 ciiifn n ? ^
lUn I ifcn lew? Utitcicn i?? iff mufii ififi n i m
m i u m arm n ^ mn Ti[ffUt mtmuufli f u s i ciiifci? wu n s H mf^r^tfi tmft uttHt ?Jitt ifim
muti U c i I lit m n tmtft fifi-fiui uûicn ufi igmi f i f f i i ien (Readings In Islamic Banking, BIBA,
c s F t u n n I f i f ^ mifif n t i mtf t^Wt ffim ufi vol. 1, 1984)1
im m t i fn 1 i n t c s f i i cwm mi fu^fiuiicn m i f f f ifeb-o mten ift-ii f c m tmHi tieufi^ fnfufcm
fimn i c m ^ n n i c m ^ cift cmn, Scutci m n tmft ?TftHt mmi n s H mi^s^^ffi ciHm
ifim fimn t?i m n wim, iu M i i f a f f m u i mifi ^[tS n I Utiteii ?Tttci? sn#? us^H wm f?^ t i m
I f c n i f l lilt cwcat n f i i cmn flcn i wimmtcn iw S^ cifilt? Semn icn i fH tm l?ei utiteici linH
i t c i m u m t f i j i mifi mfu mvoffti ' f t <3 wf*(Hi ntfit', tmft utti ifim m e i mtittu mtfmm mt^ wtm
tnrn VQ mf #1 m<tifi i m i ' iff â^ci? utu mfm (Thoughts on Isamic Economics, lERB, Special
ifiu iifi ifim u c i liit irtitc? f f t wiicn umtcui Issue on Banking, February 1982) i
mfii? mfft n i ^ f l t n ?t W i<3itu fmti mi?f? ifeb-i mien ite^ vsmtHf^ ciiifn cifH ?Tttiifn
?%m? C l U tntft miftf' iit cici tntft m<ftf uttfit ii?en men? fUen ir|ci mffi n i l e w ? ciif
mtcmrcn ft? ff% fimtci t s u f f< f f i i t i t n ic? i iit n s ejfeium Utiteii uttci? ii? wtm ci, Utitciei
fH? Si?t cwm ducifi, mtcitnt, cifim-fuTiifwm tmft n t i ifte ?jtiic? tfuui 9ms i i i i u ûei
iff? u?jci wncuiT igmi cmm itu Sd i iit cwcat (Readings in Islamic Banking, BIBA, vol. 1,
i f a R i ffi?rt i t n i t f t v a i i u c ? cmcn icu msmtu m t i f i 1984)1
n i f i i f l t l o i t u f ? cmtm mtwff? m Scîcuii ifeb-i mten liifati uei m< laitien iw itc Utmtcii
(tntft i r t t i ?mff) i ?Tftci? Ifci CiU n s icat itfimen mfRi utifcien ?^fi5
f t f i i fici tmft i r t t f i t m i c m m i f f e i t f t n Utitcicn ? T f t i i f c i ? m um iffiifiite? 'jn tmft uttHt
n f u o t Smmi I iSi>i8 mfcn m t i % u c i tmft Spi u t t i PISMJI? Uf ufiu litwu 'jn ciwm um i m i ' cusu n
u mitfH'? uftc? mui T t i m i i f f c i i f t i t c ? Utitcii (fciffe) I
tm msiftf ??<Ht it^m tmff itft'mtn Hf^c i?t?3Ki ifeb-i mtei? ito metm ^c cmtuf ?Ttti ^ icicw
f t t k n ifjjf ?r55 I C ? I tmft ?TitHt-n n s Ui ftft n s mt^wfii mtfii' ifiift
ife Ito I t c i i m u fitu? mt?5? ?ftcn c?cf tntfii c?sff m^[fl n I lit citcf utiici-i utti, m utt?^ utti.
ticufinHitf fcU'Uimiffii? i iit i t l k t U?ilc?ci fiwitHn vg 2tmH t^t??Jtim tntfii ?Ttti m? m?
tntft mîtp fum fiiti tmft ut^Ht ifim mtcmic? fifuf (untc? tmft utti utueii fifict)-n i w?
ififc? ffiit iti? I C ? I ifeib- mten liiSi uc? ciwliw? i i i f mti cn i cmtf ?Ttti leicw? titfi fStfiiti
?fwifft mte? tmft i?? iSt icne? tmft utteug n. mtftfi n ^t utite? Hci? Scutft ffiit u n ien
i t ^ u f U n i u n I Utiteii iit i c w ? if3Rile? mti (n. itUiSfm cut*[ff, tmfii utti utiteii fifics-n
Hu lit f ilHi ufcun ie? i i i ?n? f S i i ^ ??Hi itifei i iût, ioos ff?el
ifeife mtcniem itf^ mm mift?te Hf35 u?itc?en i t f i mtimit?) i ifeb-i mfei? ib- wtîtff itc
i
u ^ wm citmi? iifi? fift t i i t f t uftci? mf?ii H.mt.H.iim. n Scutci tntft ntfit fium f ^ ifiwi
Utmteici liiiH tntff utti iftm wu i??ft mfuen ifci cit^ *i^fl i;? (fmt^) I
ClU n s f&Hc f itHi icn i t m n n t f k m uci m< nitft Scutci? ifUiffi ifeii ê ifebi um i w
i 3 l t c n uttHt Stt Utitciei t n t f f ? T t t i ifm ?Ttite? f?fg mff-mifw<i stffen Scutci tntft uttHt-n Sn
tmff fiiem
t.H.<!r/lto
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Contents
(mfni? n I v f l t 2tf%it?Qm i t ? s tmfii timfi^ mrtti mtiteii fific^-n itân Semn im i? i mtci?
fimfu fjm, ' Q T i i f i t 1 1 tmft ntfit t ? ittitwm, Scîf mifi Siiew cm mifiifii i t v 3 m i 3 i mm n m i
f w tmtfii fimtu tmftftss, tmffii itScsn ittitm irm m cifim ?i cm iflt mfin w f ^ ^ s t e ? I t f w ? n i
tmtfi (Readings in Islamic Banking, BIBA, vol 1, Scmif mfifn fiPtt mfmcf? iem mifi i ? i - n f?
1983 & 1984)1 mten iitm m t ? f i w?m?, leitm cmêm cmtti iftf,
ftwft cBfuf f e c i ? cic? i H?n mfim ?ttitwi ntci? tmfii itScsn mtitcii-n mfi imifimr^ wm
men c H f i t fn? iMusi in iiww? d a c ^ mim mtitm lii.n.ifli. tmftm, mf i^mcn itm i f n iflfi? S m
tmfii ntitm limtfirmn (fim) itw i mm i tcmfm mrttei? fiff n-imif wm ifiiSfi mfi, mitcii
cmrmft n t i f i cSfit mmcw artiwi fnmff f i f ^ ntci? ntci? lenit ifimi wm iii.iim.ifli. i m i mtmi,
ntm?tm? memi fim-mtmsFesr mfSsmme? mtm en i i f e t r imtiteii ntci? iten cflt ii? wm n . men, mm
mei Iflt mtikt ?jttim, mitifft, mtmfn, mfifwii Semwn mcit? m mtn ie? mtiteii mten ifn wim m
f ? f % g ên cm?5en wm stfiwi citm mt^ ie? i miifr mm, 'ffifii cwi'-ifl? m m wm- mmiS^ti f f ^
i f e b r i mten lesn mei tmft S^n mttii? nit ifsfifi ^ i f i i tcsmei? m t f m m wm mim-Si-mtim ?^
n mtitcn 1 1 ? icn i atHfifi n nrnn n t i icn c i , iijimi m f ^ Siff flcni
mtiteici tmff ntfit-n Sn at^ mw ititci nt fgt
iflt c i d t m f ntfit mf ufiim nuc? atfatmt bi^c^ci i ntci? ifiim cnmn mmt^ fmm mf? mwi
I W ? ififef mile? mmiem? iem wm lii.n.n. tmftm,
litt m t fitm mtiteici c?i?itf itci citi SeiJtel nft
t m f n t i atf%f? Semtei mttfSfim mt^ncn mm atm wm iq.n.iim. ii?m m t n m , wm i f i i S f i mfr, ?jttei?
ien I mfen i i ^ ifimi ^ ie? mrttei? ems' m itc?t?i-n
mtiteici t m f mtl mift atff? cwm aif iHm? fitn iti cnt?m wm mmt^ i f i ^ ?mi ifm ien i
mrtite? tntfii tmtfii fimtu fiem' (mt-mm.fi.) nt mfim SifTim irfie^ flci? mrtci? liif^fiSft mtm
mttiicim tmfii iiitiim iflcitfmcmn' (film) mtiteici cifie^ vg stn i m Hrnrf i i i t (fm t ) wm n .
atffinj tntf n t n f n wm m ntiten fiim f?en mrffr n i o m ?irci? mmfitfii Sem?f f i n s t r f t
SetsFcli f i f % g i m n n t m m<fff?iei t m f ntfit Hm cm 1? nt mme wm ifimi f l i m i trm r o
file? atfiwi m I C ? I tntf ntfit-n lew wn i l i mitc ii mi% i w 5 n f ftftnt trm wm c?sm n. i
leunm f f t ? icm mmt cifim, ficmifwm nt ntiien ntci? i n fiir?ft cm n tmfii mScsn mtitni-ifl?
mtemwi ic? i fifii fiwcimcn iflcitficin (msim mm I mScsicn mifimr^ wm iq.iiii.ifli. tiffim
tst^mfi^ m fiwenen liicitfiem) t m f n t i atftm itScMcn lew ^fî mi ttm wm fim mtitnci t n t f
w m SemW-ftn i?stci mstf ffim mm ic? i itf'mt f i e n iffi mttcirni-êmfi'mff? f%
msmtciei t n t f irttei? aim inftrnftcirci? I
?iitfn f i ateutm i m e i mtiteici is>ira ifcn ifeiro mrd i l mi% fiteu i f f i i i ?rfifwji m m
m 'tmf n t i mtitcn f i f i c t v b ' ifwi-f? iitfim i n i m ifci irrtci? Se^?f mîren mmrw? im n i '5itf?
fif^ mttmci sffit 11 I C ? I lilt cweai is> wi mtitcif m f i w T ifr wm ifl? n ifiSi mtw? nf-finf fifi i t i m s
sft mtitcif i f f i n t mtff?ii imitw tSemcn mtfcn Sifffc n rnmm ifinei mttci? Î'^titfi?'
iift mtti, mtfii iffi, i?mf itft n t ciff mmen Se^n ien i
^tm fifit m f ^ mtiteici t n t f n t i atf%im Scmmtci t m f ntci? i l l liif^fiSft catfic^ Hmm itfif
mitm men I ifebrvo mten lb-Itf i # tî?mmti tntfii i m icn mtitni H?r mtti <3 i i i f ntci? iten imftim
n t i m mt fifiet' mei mtiteien i n t n t f mrttei? ifirniwrnn. ifl. i f ? i i mtitni mttci? mten imftim
ififi<t> I t w im 1? v f l ? t iflt I t e i t n i w mrttei? i i i b i n wm n . men i n Siciitt ftim itfif i m
iticm i m fl%m ?]?m im n i mtnti^ ifii? ?mi icn I mttci? ifm mSfien i i i c n t ? m nm cieas^tf
is> m i w ntci? ati?i ifimn fien i t m n iflt ?Ttti flcn ? i t 3 i ^ m ? f i i?ci? f? mten iiim m i ? f i wim
t m f n t i mtiteii: f^fictv mei itmm i ic? i ntci? fifit t n t f fsmH? m a i i m I t t c n fm? mf I
icmitift'2miHm cn cienutfnmfiftijifiitm tntf mtti mtitni fifiete? mn mimm i i ?f?m
wmifm^mtn I , . . i??fe nei m i n i H tntf mtti ilfi i? i is>b-i
i s s v - o lid? voo m f?m mtnei? f ^ n WIT I t e i mtmnei ' r n i - m m m m t t ^ ' e t f i f m ie? i f^
I t ififii mfifwji m m mttci? c?Hitt mici t m f . imftim tm ?m m'H vsf?e?fi mtti HficB I iiS)(?
t m f fiiem
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Contents
bo's ttftf ?JT?f
t t C f t!?ftOTt 'WM-WtTOt ttftf ?Jt?f frttc5' 'mx 'CtttJlf involve any element which is not approved by
t-fC^^WAJ A J t l f PlPlt'B'Js' S t f f M At I ifefe<\ t t t f t t l f t W C t the religion Islam' (Islamic Banking Act 1983 of
' t t f t f A T t l f WA A t A A t t t ' (ttftf A l f l f l R ) s t f f f i At 1 Malaysia, Act No. 272; cited in many books &
t A A t f e ?Tf?f W H - t t f t A t A I A w f t a t A t f C t i Aooi t I t R journals including the Text Book on Islamic
A t l f t T O t t i A W t f l f ttftf ATt^ts fffvidJ^' fitfffl At I A008 Banking : lERB 2004) 1
t I t R A i TS[ftt f f f f f M ''/^ ?Jt?.f' lAtt t t t a R w f ^ - t t f t f tTt?f A t C T O TOt lilfft C f t t t f t AtAt t t f t f
ttftf tîffc ?litt^ft f C t I Rfft f t t ^ t t f t f ATt?f ATt?ff? A l t t l t f t C A l M ; . . . . t t f t f tTT?M ATAtt A t C T O TOt
f t f r s C t t f C t t s f t f f % M A J t l C f t W C t f s f f ttftf ATt^ft? lilf t t e t ? ATAtT t t r o f t A TO? f t W t t CfTTOâ TOt C f t t
t t t t tffct tnw f f t C T O I f t l T O t t t t A t t t f t t W f C t t t t TOtt' I
i)t Rt55f ttftf t l t l f tAtOiA 4t*f*Ct tftt t f t t t f t
vstt f w t t f ^ WtAtt-iilA A 8 "Islamic banking is
^ t t C t t WtT tftt f t f f t f ttt f f t t i C A I ttftf A T t l f t f C A t
essentially a normative concept and could be
t t t c t t t f t f tTT?f t s t t t f C S f t C f t t t t ' TO? f t f f ^ ttftf
defined as conduct of banking in consonance
ATt?f t t f t f ttttttf ATt?ftfCAt tfm <M5R|f>|fCAt tt?Ct
with the ethos of the value system of Islam.
ttt t R t ttlc?. '0*151=1 tftt CAff f t t t f t f t f tTtft' I
( ' t > ( f t f ATT?ff? ^ l i l f f t f f f t TOtt lilt? t A t C f t t f t f
ttftf tTt?t5 A t l f T c t t f f f t c S Accounting and f f T C t t C t t fff%C tftbtff ATt?M f t t t c t t ? ^ t M f t t TO) 1"
Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial
f t c t t t?i&3lt5iA ^ t t A t " t S CA, t t f t f t T T ? M W T M
Institutions (AAOIFI) lilt? ifefeb- t t C f ttftf f g t t t T t ? C f t
t t l f T O l i i t t l i l f f t t ^ ttAt tTO CftCffCt f f f tAt -a S t T O
f A C t t f stl^^tttiCt stfffi General Council for Islamic
f C t t f lilt?, t r o f t t t t f iiltttCA t f t T O f t t TO AtAtC t t f t f
Banks and Financial Institutions (GCIBFI)-iilt
W s ^ t M f C n t l W # T t 5 A A t 1 t A t TOt lilf t T T ? M t ^ AtAt
M t f t M t t t t T f^^tCt f t t A T t f ttftf ATTlM-iilt f t f t C t
cftcHCHt cwm t t f t f f M f t t S t f f M TO? l i t c f t c t c t t
Ct?t% f M t t f t fftC^CA I
StTO ttffSj ^ f t - C f t f t t C t W ? f t t f t f StffM lilA^ W^tffc
t t f t f t r t S X f t R j ^ 8 t t f t f tlt?f TOt l i l f f t W t M
tTTtftTO f t M f t t I
sfffttt ttro fcsttT'Atc^CA tTT?ff ? Ctt35 t t f t C t t w t t t M
\s W t M f f f t t f t t t t ^ s t t t t I ttftf t c t f t t?ft (wtit) t t f t f t r t s x f t ^ym ^ f c ^ n t j s t t f t f tTT?tfCAt
ttftf A l t i c f t StTO f M t f f t t C A 8 'Islaml W t W t M t ? f t International Association of Islamic
Bank is a Financial Institution whose statutes, Banks t t f t f t l t ? f A T t f t t f c ^ t t e t ? t f f t t e ? s 'The
rules and procedures expressly state its Islamic Bank basically implements a he'w
commitment to the principles of Islamic Shariah banking concetp, in that it adheres strictly to
and to the banning of th receipt and payment of the ruling of the Islamic Shariah in the fields of
interest on any of its operation.' (Definition by fmance and other dealings. Moreover, the bank
the General Secretariate of the Organization of which is functioning in this way, must reflect
the Islamic Conference accepted in the Foreign Islamic principles in real life. The bank should
Ministers Conference held in Dakar in 1978; work towards the establishment of an Islamic
cited in many books & journals including in Society, hence, one of its primary goals is the
different publications of IBBL & in the Text Book deepening of the religious spirit among the people'
on Islamic Banking. lERB,. 2003) 1 w t t ^ t t f t f (Mohammad Hasny :The Role of Religious Bord,
?jT?f TOt l i f l t W t M S t f f M , ttAt t T O f W t T , \ f f f f TO?. Encylcopedia of Islamic Banking & Insurance,
f t t A r f f t t f f TO t t f t f ttf'WtAt t f f f ( f t t f t t t M IIBL, London, UK 1995) 1
K f TOl tAtt t f f tntWCt f C t t Cf-tCit t ^ ' f e t f S i t w f ^ t t f t f A T t ? f - ^ l i l f f t f s t t T T ? f f ? TOtt A t T O T t t
TO 1' TO I lilt tTT?f W t M WtTttT f T t S F C t t t f t f ttf'WtA-iilt
. ifebÔ t t C f S t f AtfCtMrt ttftf tTT?ff? W i t t W f T O ftftfATO fcttttCt t t M K f I t t f t f tTt?f iittCt ftt3Ft
ttftf tTt?Cft t?i^ ^ 8 'Islamic Bank is a company t f t b t f - t l fftc M A t r o # t C t t t f I f ftft-fttTCtt W t t t
which carries on Islamic Banking Business... stfffft ttttet I l i t tTT?f t t f t f t t t S f ftftfett f C ^ f t w
Islamic Banking Business means banking f M TO? C t t W t l t r o W t T t sntM - f t A ^ WttCtt
business whose aimes and operations do not tetT t f t c6tT t f t t t e t csftfst f t t I
t t f t f fttCftt
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Contents
too8
^ m s f t m t i itust t m f uttfit mtci U i U m , c?f1ii H m ?sii?if? i ? s i ^ t m f ilH'wte? ffum

"It is therefore... imperative for an Islamic bank u H u ufie ? i i f ? i ? n t liitcQ? ? i i i?rc?f f?ei i n
to incorporate In its functions and practices if?c fuif^ lit it^m steu t i i t f ?Ttti uuti? if?n
I'
commercial investment and social activities, as i?ji?n:i Hf51 T ? i t f itf*wt? ff? S n atffl i t m
an institution designed to promote the civUized ?ne? IFLT ?Jttci? i l ? cmm? f c n c?tuui i t ? ^^c
mission of an Islamic economy, "(iftjstt t m f f Utd? f ? n t itci wti'-itufwi f R m U f c n ufi^ S ^
Mîsîn fitcUif f^t. Ufifwjl I^Pic?(l't >I<tt *ll1lft<' <f'l4l<lf ?
VG 1 ^ ?nti ?j?ft? ?wj t f u f ?nti ? T ? f i ? w Scncm
I
utw5i^w?f, CUT t u (tmft U t t i ) t m f t wIff? ift iuH f?-ff%i ?jtti ? j ? f t ? i t i i j f H i v 3 citfii i

f % T W U n t ? c n n f t i f % i l i i c i i t w i H c uc?) I t i i t f irttci? li'uuvs ?j< msg msi ??? v s m r
I VG
t m e n wf<-uufwi ffff? wtcuci n # ur?ff%i l i c f i e n ?u fiu ?T?fr?w3fîii^ i i t i ?c& n t

VFLT
mtw ifu ffiU? tfw itc t m t f ?ntfit cum? Sc^ C2}ief? i H n f H u Sd I t f i t f ?nti ?i?fm if^ cjjkf?
Utuci fiiufi?tu? ?nti ? J i t i ? iH <flt ?ntci? u i i j M i l M t i i ie?iH f i i ifltuc? iuH mr? ?nti ?T?fm
I
f f U 5 n t iflt ?iftc?s? ii?t?t^ U f f I t m f itfwt? ift îHlfi<l'VA|C? iteWCi îCitHt 1 U ^ I

Si? ilÎ^vs lit ?JttC^ i l i t i i c ' r i itc? f f f ^ n t UtUfi i. w<f fc M m f t i m H m w f n ? ? w<-imcn
fTfit itc? >flt ?ntci? wtfii cmncn Hf% i wt<-iiufwi. ?jt?f%f%i
VG ? ^ wt<-?tiillw? f H m Ife?? t m f w<ff?
ff?u? Itc?? ?ntci? ScFij I I C ? t i U f ?nti w<ff, w I wiffe u??i?jtcn (flt Mi u u u n m u ^tfi
IFLT
wtf^ cnc?? m ? ?*6c? n t ?jm-ufiwj ^ 9m ??m f t m t ? i i f ?ittfitm?3in? ff% I w?jf?ei i(w?if m m

^ f i ? i , ?it?ff iff n t wt<-u?tfwi w?itltcu tf wf-?m?, u n ?m? VG ? f i m i ?j?iten cma M n
i f i t f f c n f U i file ifjfpf??; ti-'ilf irftiug^ T ? i l f f t m ? H m W f i t f I I C i wlfH "9 wtf-?tUfwi CWC3I
I
ffuu wfttf ?i-cuiuc? wtisJii n t t?uc? wfUf? f i f t m ^ w f f f o t cm c n n t mew? fHirUis U f n

w?itu iifc f?Hc?rti it^sF? ifiutm if?c? I wift? wt? wnf ?c5 I Miimft? w<^fH w i l ^ U i e n
?tcwci T ? U f ?ntci? c f H i wt<-?t?tfwi iwreH f c i I t f i f ? wtitew? ?t Hig I t m f u?ff? Sesfii s%
^ 8 (i)imc???Jt?ff%i?^f?fîf?Uw!tificwi n H ?nt1it i1ii? i t e n i u ??, uufwi imtcn wt?e4Er
w?Jt?, wfnt?, c i i ? i vs ^???j ij? i u ; ( i ) w<ffc, 1fk w^Mn- f t m ifit ^ ?i?ft? w i t m f wi"
?r?u-uficwT c m m ? w u n cwcar ut?ff f H m u?fi?Mi Hitcn iT?mu ^t?
ire?? i H u wfif-uufwi <j?fi? t?itu iff; ( v 5 ) m ?
? m ?f i U f c n m i i ? ?i?m H f w i f n t
U f c n citfii ic?tw? i ? i , muen f s i c u n #??ucn
Sp?; ( 8 ) f c n i i i r u f i ? itc U f n wlt?1i # n c i
f^ I U n t wren St? ftue? stcn ??tm f < i f i f n t
(<f) ?nti ?j?ff? uf^mi" nsfg^ i?um fcmtuti i H u
? i f l i uufwi l i i f e n muf Ife?? i u I
t i m f ?jttt?s? u i f f ^ i ( i ) i f f ' w t i f o i f i i nî itw
i f i u m I U ; (1) wtfii i s f i f Q mffme? f?f^ i u ; (o)
?jtt1it?#sReiw?mifcn?cwiiH5lHiU; ( 8 ) l?fic?li
itfaRsf t?mf ff? w f r ? i ifnr? it?ei ci?mat f?rmci
witfim? u c n if??c iucw? i t m ? U f c n mftm
wiif?men HFac fifieui uc? wiifiif? f i i i i i U ; (*)
?jm-?tfiwT wifit iii?fl vs t ? i t i ifit i U ; (to)
^ -^mn c m e n # ? ? u m m S|[ i u ; (i) u n ?m?
Sp? n t liittf? mrn-i^tjcn ?i?tt l U ; (v) w<it?fi
vs itmfei s p c n i c u ???? i f n i u VFL?t ( s . ) t m f
wiu?ft? i w i i i j ? i ffim i t i ? i u I
t i i l f l iTTtI i i i f i ? ^rf*ltl 8 t i i t f i C i i ? itft?
?t^ wf?ff t m f ?Ttti mft wtf^ if#i?, um m m
t m f H^cm
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Contents
bod
figft umm, ^ fa lit fuftfi utii m UUT? ^ u?- fiini! cmiU >iiei uien imf% uut?tc? mt ifis U ;
umn wf?if? I 'tmm uu Ifm 1 ? m uit u..." fif cmuen mmfii iife u m '2?i nt vflci wnei
(Uitu 8 8 ; i i o ) "tUiwi ffsUW fium? wu, uuu uut ifus u I fun mm cmtcn sff ntf" ( f m s IJ) i
uu Ifm I C ? nt Uit cn..." (um 8 1 - ) I "...CI "... nt fim-um, mtt?-^?wi, t u f i , mm^ts, fiit
fiim! ^ crucn fiufi tu itc ?J? I?" (uitu sife?f, Tj? stfc?f, itft-Uft, frtfi? cslUcn wfiitif^
8 1 ( ^ 8 ) I "mgti cfucf? c ? m i Hucn iu itc cmt ui-uftenstf immii?e?" (fiu 8 to) i " i s i i ^ m i ^
titcnci UI iHc?" (fsf 8 ) I "CI ffuTii! ctiu uu cmnt liiei wie?? iiuu ifie? nt Ui ^ fuimc? ium
Sum 1 ? nt mfi uu fii itc ctucn wu Stis f i u mtuii?e?U" (Utu 8 1 ) I
C i t , mm mu uu sft mu u? m.." (umu 8 iî) i ?. ult?fi ? ^ ^c? miltmen mi? i fg ?ei
"mm mt Hf cmuci fiucn tm UUCI mfi?tc? mm fimf wu icn wfuftu^s tm i t m f w<fff?
mjwH 1 ? . . . " (Itm 8 1 1 ) I "...m? i m ffim fi? mm m?t?e?fiim?ê?iiiwft? i iHai fsi*iici >stimei?ft?ici
n m? iHc?" (ut?m? 8 i 8 i ) i "ctm mm? ?c? ci? fimfii îtcmi s "wmtici mffU mtc??ei mmt mei,
?]? iHc? u?" (Uft? 8 i o ) I "c^ mci c? mmci fic? s ^ muenei ctnt ufi fus u i...", "cif[i?ii!wim?ScteiT
If??..." (Itft? 8 i i ) I "cm?u mo fu m if?c?u, ?w? m iiwjwici ctiu wfiu? ufie?; cm mstucn sif ficn
u ct?u uu mm? mu itc ?T? I?.,." (mc? t?m s ciue??ei cn m^s ffim ?we? sieufS u ic?, ffim
>i) I "cmt mm? um? m i? nt fiewen uc Hewc??ci'if?c?, tu mmsm fiit?..." (fU utu 8 \r) i
s?ten ?e?j fiew? i? u" (uitu s i j * * ) i "mfi cmuen c? mfnsm im imci Uffm (i)-n uft s "f??u ^s
fifii fiufi, ct?ten?nt?"s ffi mfim ic?iu ite ?T? fii-^lc-t? uiiuic< cutrmft uf^ wtm? ici fwuntt wm
i%?" (fftfif? 8 i o ) I "citei fl m i%? c? i?e^ mntci c?ium VQ ue fiumft ?jf^ mifuimg" (ftift, ufti
i^ I C ? I ?f? c? mm? cmm m i? mu f^-um, It sjsis, fitfT?fFim, it^ mm, tw i^b-i) i "it -a
mf?-msR, t u f i , fiifi fitfiicn wu" (uiru s miiHii? ?j?uf cn u n ê??ff, f i f i mttien itei"
liff) I
(f?fift, uftît i i o , HmfT ^ m ^ fii?, i^yrs) i
?. *m?i u mfim nt tm?' u m 2tff tmen . muu f l u ' u lutifti tif^ftSn iten if?c?
wt?1imi3Feniwi I tm? ntmnsticsf Uiaifim nt fiewen #??ci 'ftm' u i n c?tm-?m it-um
ife? m it?ici 8 "ci fiil??! cT?u utifiuc? f? atff% fti? itc W fic? I Ufcn f n c i i?f* u ^ iHu
ufic?mm?irfni?..." (fiu s iô*) i "Hmmm,cfuen ciii tmft ?j?î? I W J I mpFv3fTii?mtciwH-f?wte?
lie?? fieci? mu? mm n u m stm'f? if?e i cmntm it? tci 8 "<flt f?wi? fsifcn wu wmt n
m m e n ICU fimifw ?f?mu ifie?, n ?3i?nt??i? Sicif" (Ufm 8 8b-) 1 "tit cm ^ fi^wle? wu Sicii"
ift fim ifie?..." (fiu s a-b-) i "fim mm mmm -^f^ (ti% 8 1 1 ) I "ffi itfui cmm stf? fiei wt^m
tfîftci Hf ien u" (m?iii 8 fi-b-) I "...m? ? f ? fim wi?t ftm I f l e i c n uue? nt miten itei itm?
f?mf%i?, e? mmn icu ut?f?m iHc?, fun mm (ifiHn) i ? S ^ Ift?" (UU 8 i i f f ) I "muenei Sien
umntiien mmei?" (utu s si) i "mm ?tu ufii u, mte cn fiw fici? wu * 8 t i u i?..." (wu'wi? s
ifiuen, C I Ufitc? uuu fim cn u, mmit ufii" l o ) I "Sien ?f? nsif mi e? Sien m" (m'm 8 &) i
(Utu s Sfi-) "...mmuu?if??iHuen citwfue?uitu "wsn wtiH Siei? fii, wtiH cm nw? Sic?mm" (itfiu
fim C I ? u muut mfii" (utu s si) i "muu ?fie?, 8 l i ) I "...Ufilen msu cm cm f i t uft c^^ftntu
umt ftfcn wgf^ fim u i umt fiifici um m c?eu" (un 8 f f ) I "w8n muu ?f? ft fiutu cn, c?
i f ? i i u" ( f f i f ^ 8 so-ss) 1 "...wn miH tufcn
wtim 1 ^ cm ci?i ft^fe? uft c'ltitu c?^" s
s t f idi? i^cn u, anffci ^ iHen u" (fU s j - i o ) i
b-1) I "ciiut eji Sm, i m wif? wu ciuen wtfif?
"cit ci c?-t, c? tuf?ci ?i?ic?titu cn ntfiifici ûeii cmiu mtcw? fietfi m 1 ? , wnitcw ficn 1 ?
uuite? Smi cn u" ( u ' ^ 8 i - ) i"... ci nj? mm? ntwim-cf?mf m" (wtdtim 8 i i o ) i "...c?Sic?i
s t f t m m fll u nt fiifici wspttn Stiiit. i f ? u"
c?u 1 ^ uue mu?t6 mrnsu w?m ic?" (m?'wii 8
(mi- u m 8 vso-ss) I "ffi fi wfcu ?f? fifiilft fir tU to) I
1^751^ u ffm:w? fie? mu? m, tuf? m%n:i u <iit M n fiue?? wteim fu-wiu?ftei imf?
uiigi fieifi liifiei" (uit? s i i - i * ) i "nt fifif? iijtiiu?# ff%c f?il? I U t m f utte?^ ufif i iufi
steuwff? cif&ut ituuue? f?? uei" ( f ^ s i) ("ci fif^? utti ?J?ft v f l t Mi uijunm ite mf^ w i
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Contents
t*l=1lf A J t l f bob t t f t f t ?Jt?,f
w r Sro irtJ W T < - R M M *{^tfT ftro f ? r R S ? t?t i WtCtt C R t f C t t l2RT-R5AfTO?2|fttft aff R \ ^ f f A t t ro I

f i f t f t f a t f t i t t e s f t lilt ft^JltfT <t|vblttl f P l C ^ C ? TO? lilt atfSRftt W t f f f o f C t f t R fttf R i f C t t R t t w f t f W t f f f
W t < - R t t l f t f t t w fftct R T O ! f f t ? 5 c ? 1 ^ttRt3 f f t c t t CRtCft Atc f i f f A t I f f f t t t t c t t RtT
A. R W % f SW?rett R f t ^ W f t t f t f S^THRt R W 8 ffAT lilt f t t R t t A^tro (Silent resource transfer)

t f t r o f C f W C f s t ^ atro R t e t ? R t f R f t r o t?RttT A t
t R R t f RFt?f ^ m^ W t f t f s f f t ^ TO, t R R t f
A ? I 4tftt^ lilt attaRTtCft i R C t R AffttC?? ( f i R t t f R 8
s t f t i l ? R T O f iSfft R t f f t f f WttTTOR^ I t t R t f ?Tt?f S ^
tlRC fitcvit R t f i R t S ^ RZR TO Rt I t W t t t f t f fTiffsiR, f f f t f , % baa) I f f ?TT?tf? fftfl ?ifm Rft
S p t C f ' S <lt tjr?f R t f i T O atf S ^ ttfttt t t J TO Rt I t u t f??1 C t c t f i i t ^ f , C A f t t f , RtftgT t f - f f t t ? ttffl
f R J t R t t Rtft t ^ f t f t f t t R t f t f S f t R lilt t F t ? j r o fft TO I f C f f t TOft WR?tT f f R Atc RRtWCf ? R t f f t t t t
W t t f I t t R t f ?Jt?3f?t fttRFTO Rtttftf Sfttt AtR Wttfff WtTt t t R t t fffCf fcttttt? ftff^ fftttc? f f t f ^ ttRtf
S^ttRt t% I t t R t f tFt?f lt W t t t l f f a RtRtlros S p t R t ?TT?f ?T?ff a f f f i t t C t t f ^ f t ' S . i l t t C ? t f t f t i
^ rottf Rtft fft: m i t t R t f tttif iiitiwt Rtttftf . fAtro A f t S R WtRR fAttt W t f f f f r o ?t?RfCtCt?
A t f t J l t f t r o t RttT R t t O T ftTO TO I W t T f t t f f f i - f t A afsff t r r o ?TT?tf? Rft f f f f i ? ?TT?tf? Rt, S , t t t t W s t
ATTlf t r t ^ f ATft^t t t f f t t ^'0t 5,RctHtTOI >Q W T f t w f f f t W t R t t ffttt f f t t t TAtCtt lilfft
. t J % T t f R t , RtAtftff f R I t t f t W t t f 8 t c t t t t t c a i S t R ? r o t t f t t f t ? ? iiltltA 8 "Therefore it is
A T M t f TO, R t t t f t f f f T t t t t R t f A T t ? f t ? f t W t t clear that the interest-free banking system

ftt I t S.tttt f f t TO, f t t f ^ A ftft f t t t t t t f ATt?,Tft provides better service to the customer and
Wttf I Wtttt f f t t t , C t t W t t t t f t t f ^ t t t atft Rf f i t contribute to the economy as a whole with high
tttt t t R t f ATt?tft WATR f f t I t R R t f ATT?tft i^lt f f f t esteem of moral values than that of traditional
f : R t t t t t c ? t f f g f t w t c t f t c t t s " . . . t t - R t t ttAtc ^ banking system operating in our country (Dr.
f t S t t t C i i t RttT f # f R t fttf (Wttf R t At)" ( A f t t 8 I IViuhammad Badiul Alam & IViohammad Abu
f f t c t t R t f C t t Rtttt A t A t t w f - R t R fff^t Atc R t t t C t , IViisir, Analysis of Comparative Financial
C t t ScWCtT t f t g , T ? f f t S 'Q f f s f t C t t f t f t C t f C t t ATAft Performance in Banking Sector of Bangladesh :
ftt, RttCStt ffttt A f ^ R t f C t t Cttt "Q f f M o t f t t S f R t t t t t t
A Study of Interest-free and Traditional Banks ;
t A t t t t t f S,ttRCt wf f t t TO? 4 t t t A tAtCtt W A f t t
Thoughts on Economics, lERB, vol. 7, No. 3 &
S ^ Rttt f t t t t R t f A T t ? f t ? f t f r o t ttfftr I WtlftCf Ct
4, 1997)1
C f t t f I R T f t t f t W W f t t f ^ - A f f ^fAtf f t t t fT-fftf
a. R t R f i t 'a t ^ W t f R T t t t t W t t f 8 t t R t t WCsff
ATtftt Rttftt I
tft ^ ftfvttft f f i i l l t ? , ftf R t S ? f f t t i f t t f tAt S'^tftt
8. Ajftf W f t t f f f f f f ^ f 1l WWtt t t * l l f A T t t t f t f t e w ftCttfw ff?C SRtA f t t t c ? I t R R t f ?TT?f t t
f l t f t s W t t t f f f S ^ t C t t W t T atCAtWt A l f t f w<fft (macro W t t C t t R T O R ^ f f t t t f?f^ t t R f f t^tffc f?f?C?TtCt?
economy) f ^ f f R t , ttTO ftt AtR WftfA ftATO, RttTCt C t c t ? W t f - R t R t f W f R R ? WWC?? W?T W t f t A f f ftctMt
R C ^ t t W t f W r s f t R t t W t A t t , W t f t R T O >Q ftftC?ftt fft TO f R t T W - R ? t t R - a t f f T O Rf3RT W l f t t t A i C t t t R t f ?Tt?f
TO?ttC#tf "^tt A t f ^ t f t t t t ftWt I liltRt t ^t Rttff Wtf? a t f f f t RPfRTCf R t s c t t fTCW WT^ f f t ? T f f t c f t W
tftstiCt ATt?ft? C t l C t t t J t s f f f ftfft t t R C t t f C A t f AftttC? 1 f f t c ? I RRlCW Rt3Ct? Wirt C t f A t t R TAt R t t tft ^
ff ATT?f f C t t fftC R t n t R?sfA tAt ftftCAttf fC^tt R f f r o R A f t f A t t ? I RRttW t t R t e t ? R t f t ÂCt R t f C f t f C t ?
t f t s r f t c ^ ( t C t H i TO I lilt f t f l R t t W t f - R t t t f W f atIt S,ttttA^ w?tf%5t Rft f t f t c t t c t ? R f f r o f t f t t t RRtCWt
atff31=tf tAlCHt ftCtbJ tt I S,tTtt tro S t f t C t t Rft w?lt?ff f f t t t p f t f ^ t t f fTO lilt fft Rtttfwf trtttfro
afTt^ R t f f t fi=fff%f f t t t t c t t f C f W C t f c^m gctit mi ctct? atf S ^ <3 R f f i R R A f t f I t R R t f ?Tt?f W ^
S,tttt 'S R t t t t A f f t ?ttt ttt2|ftCtt t t c t t f i T mi WJtIf tit t f f t C ? f Ctt C f t f R T l t f ftCttfW TO I W t r f t C f fif%f%f
ATt?tfA W t t f f t TO I -ilt^lCt f t r o S t t C A AtWtCt M t t ?TT?tf? t A t ? ? R T O ? a t f t f t ? ^ I f t R ? t T f C t l C f t f??^^
R t t T O ^ ?tftt ttttftC<it t t c t t f f f lilA? W R f f t f ^3 ATT?Cft ^^C C?f R t 3 ? R ^ fIttT tAf R f ^ f t f A t w f t f t R t t t t f
W i t f f t TO I iiltlCt f t r o SttCA ttWtCt ttftt RtAAtA A t f f t t f f t c t t C R t f t t ? R t t t t I RRtCW? W f - R t t ' f f t c t t CftCf? AfC
TO mi S,tttt f t AttR tro S t t fCfft A t f f t ^JRTS C t t t f i f f f M t lilt attapTO RRtCW tR-ttRRT ?ff?T ro, t?RtRT
^ I <i)t f 8 KSf? Wt Wttf^ J^ttl^f^ f i t ^ I ttltiPlCt f t f ^ t M tc I
t t R t f f?tCftt
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Contents
tool
tmft mt'ci? tiHg mm f t w ? tici vonttd^s liit mtti ttm cntcim ie? m; ie?i? ?i?ife? wti cn i iei
cwm mrtci? mrfwi m tm m m 'tt i t c ? i c?ifci? mm fg ites mft (Diversion of Fund) ivsm fcmi
U s wm? t i f ? wncuîsr fit n t R?ilt fame?? curcm? itei m I tite fiHcmi nr ivgm ^ ^ it? i tmft
wruc? Sntft i f ? m ?cwT ?TrtHt wTc afimc?? i t m f t iif? fifiemcn tit^s ifl?sH tf?tui fii i
?jtti Utm?? f i s fmtu cm? nm f t f t ? m [ if??tci i 1. tfitft mttn? fifiemi iiiVcii? w<t?f^
mff? g}f w?t?c? tm v f l i f t ?7f3R?ff Sc?jf? I vsmn fieim s tmen TJHC w?itt it? m Spen cigfif i
sfwfH n ??? vitt c?c?? m?Hi w?i?Tt?fii lifftc Spi men m itfcn w m i fft c n c f f c n ftH vs c i f i i
's?^f< ffiif mfi I ?mc? fimiH vflt mmften c??m tmHift I tmftnti?i?ft?f?f?e?rri iiHfifîem
i i m Scmr? fimci t??ift ?Trtic?? t?c%c?^ ?jfti 1 m?e? mm fcn ?iiffn vs wfti s?i< itc f^ i ^
i m ^ fisuft ?Tf%5?efci mtfifi mf?f mc? Sfi ^ mtfi Hitf? fcn m nt wm f? iten fcn imm f?
?5m vfl?t vflt new Tmt?ei 2rrfitf?i ?mr 'c?am wmHftf? m?te?? it?e? f f f ?ittci? cweat fifiemi ?tife?
tf?iff ?jrti mt?ie?? f i s fftmmt ?mf vs-uii fîiflrt fimntH i? i w?if?ei tmft mttci? Htic?tif wei?
f f mf ifimei I i m c?t Sc?Tiei wti Hc ite?? fitm cm f^ H?tf? lf?l-ffl (Prefixed cost of fund) m
vflt Hftc?? m? w< imm fieifi fte? c%ttm c?m itm tmft ?ittHt-'fl? cweat Semm mftm m citt i w
?tf?^ ?jtti it?? I C ? I viit ?iltei? i ^tc iff ??? cmft fifiemi wmt mfim ?m men RRc?ii (investment
1!^ c?fti ff? vflmotc? iiwtcm itmci mme viiisw? mtm? equilibrium) f?f% im m I tm WT Seut<?ti? men
wtc?? ?H?vg -fme? lium icm wntm fa? ifie ite?? i w m mtn?.cm ii.itwn i ? ^ iie? fiimH n
w?ji?jt??rf ?Tttififg c??tftist ftimt iH?rei i m I tit ?ifti w<ftfe tfmn i m fH I C ? I
to. t?*itf1 ?jttEi? Rfic?ti i t m s c ? ? csk^ s tmft V . fifiemi? ScBfir w<-mitf%fi Ssr?? % wlMn
?jrti fmm?? (m-cmmt? wtftmfif) ftf? ff%c fifiem? Sgl? l f l m t f w i Spen m? itf f?l Spi (balanced
IC? I viit ??e?? ?n?rc? ?r ^c? ?jrti rm wti it? i development) m m i tiitft n t i i??t ?mt?e? ntew?
cmmt? itc? im wti ? j t t i ? i ? ie? i i m w<t?fi itiHi m i c i w s t t f i m cn i tmft n t i cm i??( li?i>w
i n t c a mttfit cwt tif vinft ^ ? t f i i fum i tm ie? ?i1ti tm imi m<-ititfwi w?m Hciimc? f i m ie? i ?i^
itici? mil viiiim itm ?t??tc?? S^H? wm ?? ??e?? cutt wtifn Sgf? I t c i I t c i nft? wm;i?itm?en Spiei
mrt? 1 viit ??e?? it??te? ? j t t i iim? itmci m m ficst? mittm c?8m iwieivg tntft ?itti Hf'u iRc m i tmft
itiu ?e? IC? I mci? mft ?jttei? ?itfm ftme? iU mttci? IWI it? m f ^ liitften mme? im im
mr I i t n ?jttci? ? m i t ? viit viiitmt tmft ?Tttfit-vfl? i f i m e n ??-cit?en fcm? fft im i iei mew f f vg
nft S ^ Mitf I wtftmft ff%i vs Spifft lilt i?Jt??ff iiit??ff iHe?i fft H W n i tmft n t i vflit itc? w t f i i
?T?ft i u f i f?-f?? i i f itc n^ msa i vg I t m f w i ifmici mew? mtn vg nfft icmw? i?cn
fmtm i i f iit m ' frnmu, m ' f?t^t=i, m ' m m , lewi ?fsi Ifitnwiffffi? Si? mim ic, tmft
twtm, "mm wn' if iife timft ? j t t i Rfic?ii ie? i n t i vinH Multipurpose nti l
f f f f i F lilt m i i f ^ nft tm Miti i t i , mtti ?im c9. fgr#ff^ mri f? im s '^rfH m^Hi wiftf?
fiit imif? ttm if!( IC? m I ic?i? m?iei mtti viiti? linH stm imt I i m f?H me? fgtfH cm fic
Rfic?ti ifiutm ie? i ttm i f ^ ifim fifiic? mf ttm itc? s ( 1 ) wei? -asm^fi? ifi Ss,ifn i^fi? wmw;
i l ? fc?? iem i u n I fif iU am-fmg=c?? ? i m ifim c? (?) wftitnfti vg wic?twft? mc m?^ nt ( i ) i?itf
w< wfw mr mm m I tm? fiw^ cm? s,ii?? wim mt iten iHm? ^ I f?-ffn ?i?ft? icu? ifi ttm irw
n t itfcn cm? ic?twe?t ttm iiw ffim i t i ? ifie imm itm mtifn irîfaR i T f t -fliH Hf?t me? fm
itc? m I tit v f l i f t mmi, nft iHmi n H m?a ftife? i ^ iftc ire? i iei ^pi? rniHi cmm ?tfm fim grnfr
ffim itn i c ? ma i mt t m i w<ci i ? ! ftitc? ??! ic? ff% m I f?-fm? w<if^ I C I mwfc? wesH m m ?tff?t
m I tm? f i f i i e ? tm c?f m i i i i ? m i i i i e i v s tmti m I cit wi Ss,mc? fiemfw m itei fgt^fH cm fic
wfm?ie?m I mmi
tmff ?iiti Sciijtîcnc?> fi?f-it?itm ?im-?ffiwi tm Hifte tmft ?iitei? fifs^ ^srtfii ci?en mm
if?uHHi? wtfii nemfim itititfi cifii? vg ?i?ftim? Sire? fgtff f??3c? imm ie? i iii, tntff mtti
ie?iwft?i?im*f cn ifl?tf??fim?i?m;? itmft?i1tci? wei? if?t ie? m I icir? cm-cimt tntft mttHt iif?
fifiemi tm? if??c ntiH icir? ift f^ i wm tmft f l fH I Ss,men ift vit m imwme? f^ i iii-ff%i
tntft fiiem
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<boV
>it RRntt ituJRm uun fgrftfn imi fr mr i mf?tf irniei? Si? finf? i ie? iit cweat muntff, ?jftm?
ttit mm m H^ttuo un? uHn mutu cusmm smuu fificui-ittm uuiHi ?mm mt?! i liititc? if?mfi^ ?mi
cm u? I tu? ICI ?Tttci? Ifl mci? s,uiifti w mtftuHc^,- um-5ffm ?? I mt tmff ? J t t i ?j?fm mi?
U l U o itc uu I m-Ht%i RRc?l1 lilt apit itc W iw tue?? mf^m, i ^ , ?wm Smift i f ^ n mif?
i
Mt?, tmft utti mjt?mrftTt, Stuiifti, ^rmr, iHu ?f^fivaic? I t w iHe Sp; mr i ifn-mf^^m? iflt
mtutwimc? mtwn Htg t?? uc 1?Hcui IC? I lit 1?1umm mtuf tmft ?Tftei? m u ? iim i f ^ i Hc?f5 I
ftf mew? Uf?? bifthi? ?t frtff? mt?f'ff ifl?t fjt^f ii. itff >!? fff^ ufnti, mmtt-mtficwj fff^-Mîm
c?fc? m n I f?, tmft ?Tfti mtfui ?Tftfit-n mrnlm-Umfe?? fft#f s tmft irtti mu? fifieUel?
ff mtft IC? u, mfiffwi ufu^ mcus tuc??ci Sfi m<-?titfw?> im u mtmtfwi mt-wfvs fiemt ic? imtcst i
IC? I tmft ?Tftfit ? ? ? 3 R mew mt?? mmci fiumt Hi?? fftitft ?? u u n geir? Stu?? ^ Hii?, "uHai
?sc? I t u mme?? fHu?fTi ? ^ iimt?ii?f?t c??e?e?? f U ? futft S i i ? i , iui fiite?c6? 1 wimcfT? lew wfi?
VQ
mf? IC? I tmft ?j?fm M n ftm? ftf m?tu u? i mtif Stit?? VQ Hue? t m f irttirnuimic? u i ?iuf
IC? mme?? m?Hf? ?t?U? mtmt f?i<tmffi mr i va fuitcuf? fcui fftitf I t e w fitu m?mfit?el? wH
v f l t
?T?f! Itnft itu? IC? msfcuwft? wfUiuf? Uc ?i? if?u ?rf%5fieiei? cfmu lfu? ?icw f?f?cui t m f utti
.mmu? i?f? ??<Mfl ifiiicnatcuwuaifiumfc? I ??<?ic?u itmf uttcmrfiHcUi^frtai itfmt ufrntfi
10. c?itu5 T^ti?? mfii l i m t f t ? s tmft Ue "a itf "m m^ iife ite itc? i cit Uei t m f
?Tttei? w , ftf itugm mtiHimc? Stuum? mfi fs^ ?rtti fU? fifieui ffe t m f mfff? i^flcmi ite
iâu? mu imtttc?? ?? sm IC? i tmft ?jTti f miffiim If f i i i i if?e? 1 t m f utti fimm mmf? fm?
?m?uf cmie?? uci mu? fifumf? ftf? ue? u I mucw? f i i ieitwf? f?jmf?fc fifieum mitfim? c?? ?m? i
^?rfi5 fi!5% cmtic?? i??tffe?? Scstcu f?fg n?r w mtm Ufci? uci uue . m t ? f ^ u mr mu fifW
Scut? ii? ?sc? tu tmtft uttfit ?i?tt? mf-mf?tfwi ?wt i?tva t m f ?rttei? m i a F c i ? wu? ?wr tmtf ?rtti
i i
w^c?? nft wifiu^f mfcifm m?jf?ei wrttfc?? fcu? mu? wu i H va fificiti i t ? 3 R ? i

i ? ? 5 ?cweat t m f itffwt?
mtffs if?cst ft ftnt u?? IC? I f?? tf?tn u? f< fH wfi?i ie? I t m f itf "wm wtm-varrtHmtt fH? ff%c
wrttte?? ^ nm fUumte?? ?eu mrnm ufie u< mr i UiH fiu? nt fUUU ff? ff%e m-cmiu? wtfuf
tmft ?Jtti ?j?ft lit c?m itc f ? I cntif i51<P5ici wu ftu? (misf ftuen fii?t) m-citimfn wtfuf
va wfn limtfte? tmtft ?jttei? ^fim tf?m, 2tTW cmf wu ftu? (ftf wu fimtcn fima) ifiufi n i
ifatmi t m f ? T t t i mu? fiHcui <>ir*ci fiUU, fttum, f?r?tu,
mew c?it?f f? if?ev8 t u t ntiaj itii? nf i u?' f i t ^ , u?' mtm, fint^-fin ifH t m f i i H
iUt m<ftff?? csmm it?m fU? fi'sft m? t^Sic?^' mtn W f n l I C ? I ci# Utim ffffn wutu mtei? mfi,
ne^ ?fi?tcn, "cm? miflfc ff limttte?? wu f i ? u? m H wiî^ffi f?fHi uftufn cneumâ tntf
? f t
feu? citim uutu mtfi ê? i " iit ? ^ tmcsi? fif^ ?rtti f ? iHm IC? I
fff?t 2ffRfi I mfii f<tic?tl mfii S<tiT?? mfii t m f ?rttei? mugm itf'wm Hm fUen ifiuH
iimtfte?? uei uei mfii ? i m f f Qf?f% IC? I tUe ?twte? itcci fiu tu f?f% ifim wu fien affH t m f utti
Mmfii f5m mfîui Ue mfii ? i t f f c?ei? Mmfii i f u itSfmci? ii?li? wf? I i f u ?iSfmm urttei? mi?
i
?pm fiH?? ue?? fff%Tm (exchange rate stablity) miijR? t m f itfwt i f S F I ^ ?Uit ? t ? i ie? nt I f l t
m? Ufie muuu ic? i uci ftff? f^m f u ^ u? i nite? f i i f i iuff va Hciiu Sim IC? I
mtuftft fu ifieite? 1U m^[fi mnj ftt uc? ntmlfffe t m f ? T t t c m ci?cn, ?rm-ufiwj, f i n u i f ? ?
fgt m???tei tf?tn ffim iti? IC? 1 fificui trtH ?iufaii ifiumi new itfm iHitn
11. i t n c ? ? mH mf%ttHcf? m-nf s f?-fHi utti fif% IU nt m i ? cweat mu mtn c?tci? Scfeij i t f m
^Hfm mi? iw f < Hiff? uc? f? i l l u m? iHu? itSfmm nft mf? ^ m i mtm<ei ffim u n ic? i
it?ei utti u i t n cm? iwt mi? lew? mt-cmimte?? itfwt wfufi i i f Sm?, sfcui, fie^m, fiffwi, imi'
mffu? ?? I mt tue?? ?tc?f iti'iHi m?mifcu? u n t w atm stH cwcajva tiitf ?rTtei? iftf itSfn n^f<
ifu Sflu? fcui Uci u I mufui tmft ?jttfit uitm ffim itn IC? I f i l l mtapl^ f??c? i t ? ? f 9m stHi
?i3?itftc?? it-cii<Mii ?Tttci? m-citiiie?? mH f ^ i wtfi?, t m f w<ffff??, w f ^ wltifi? w f ? 8 ?rttii?en
mT?i? ?Tttei? it-cii<c?H fitumti iftmc?? ummtfii n?c? i f u itSHi iH mt 1
tntf fiieim
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Contents
t m f f Uf SI boh
tmft ufwt ifSfn uf'wfmt3Fi^ fmm i 8 . tiitftut^cmmtitf^fifieui 8f?ff5ff ntfit

mffusfw m u m usm m ? m i utmtrum citn ciichci? itUiffi tmft n t i i f f ? , fsf, mmm fism
f?Hf%i mi'jnmr? t m f t mfit mtu ifium i%ci Ufcn imi? ?ewj mil, f i i i , n uim?tt?, ?tft? mtn,
mttmis fiw5r uf'm itSfiiUtUcii utmum? mn fsf fimm, iHe?i mt?wi?i mtufei uc mwr
tmrft uitnm uffut n t a ^ cifm-mtttiti \ooi Utm? ifiutm ificaci I v f l t i ? li^ft? ?eu ?fi?tei cmt i f i w i
ib mm% -^c Itw ifu:m:i iftu cu i? t m f f i w , fc?? ut itn i w , H m n uff i w , cuf^
uttim m? Utmtcun i fum tmtft mrftiifcn ifiu %jfsii w , f 5 ?jm i w , itfti mîff i w , f f f % i w n
fimcn wu ^|va!wif4 mtikmnii iisisi mnm? i i uu-itc fifg mnii mm-i?mtft?fii liflf i ?e? cit?itftu
itwiHcci t m f t Sp? uftnm mm mttf mm?fHi im, ?f?5 vg ^mt itaj-ftftcn wu ^ vg ô^tn
ifiitSf^t vfl'a mff&t mmrtcwi? i? timtfii fiutfmui wu fm ifium mtuu u ? m i fiwt iifft i c?fiTtm
tlf^f^SinUAAOIFI I ifmit, Uu fufintum? wu ufm, ?mfi ftn,
i v a . i f ^ vs wmft mtfm? if^ u f i f itrnm s t m f t mîmo muu fuftm mw fufint i i f f i tufmitu
utti mucw? mft f ^ 7f?jui-5pti i m ifiu wm;n iftt, iutu?s)^ fimei iut i i 3 i f iRm wu mfm, itisf^
Sff vg mrtfwi mtu mwim? mm fiffs[ft ifiifli va n l i e i fii?i cmen mfUni mfii mtUu i i f f t
w?iiittfm5 I t w ifiu U C I lilt Scffcir um=t uit ^ vnt mi v3,,f??tn u^fff i tmft mrtti u n mm? Spcn
1
um? uc?? mcsf jii ftmtc?? ff%c intci? w?i?Tt?fm5 mti ftfte? ^ciScui^Spmmtniiiteifif^^ ciUfr^
??m2Rci tm? fici? 's?^ c?? I mtm-f?mtc? m it^tci s ifim, cm umum? va iffift umumm, c?fei? i e ? w ,
"ctm mtu I t c ? ? 1 ? vi?t uit u..." (?Tiru ? s v s ) i cmciiu? cSfit c?%m, if?ft f t m ? c i g nt fsf iftm
"fif mtm m'mtm mffS mte? wu c?t uit ct?u fiu f t f n c i g iHutm if?eei I
m mut ^ m ; muut ?ffipmft" (?m ? o^y i "mm i f t . i f f i g T ficim i ^ % mr'gfi fif^ ienu
uuu ^4 v3 c?fu fiff I C ? vi?t tu mm? ici ?T? I C ? ^c vin t u mt CI, ^ntfi, fi?t fitu ffiltc? uite
u, muc?? ??f? itf%? mtm ? t " (m s os) i "cuci ?f?f wiien ltd fifieui if?U cif m<-ititfwi fitti
miuci fwwtu I C ? f i s muu ?T? ?sf?c?? ?f?, ?tu Sf^" Uvau m I f i i ? T t t e i ? mr'2|fi ifmmn ite cm m,
(Uitu S iiS>) I u n im? Spi ue? f^t^c?ii itct m c f ^ mm fiPu n i
?fmc?mf5ft it m c i f i t ifium^stuci 8 "it?tm mii? m<It?fi wu iPiwiit, ?w va wgitf^t wicitff
cm ci?m fis?, mm?i^ ( : 5 f ? i ^ vg fivs?c?? mtci mtf^tt) v n f t mmtiirf? fiUo i t m ? ^ m<-miufwi msfcwcaj
immttc?? wu, mtuc?? fu^ mt^? i u i? muc?? wu, wiien I t n ? mtiiii ^ m, mtuHti mum fst i? nt
? t i f f % 5 ? wu, ?f?i^c??, mtm? ici vi?t fUfium? wu i
Spm vg i^%? cma ffffim;a f t f i f fiPu i? i
tumt^m fiut I mmmna, smm" (mvsu % bo) i t m f n t i utucii fis cien i i i t m f n t i ftite?
m m fificui itâtm liit icwit ifiufi if?cei nt
"mu ?ft cmc?? fiit ^tc mtm va ii? i u itc?
Utitcicn msf-ituHti fifg ue tf?tn i m cifieei i
vfl?t tu c?t mucw?t ?f?f cmc?? ?c?]t ? ^ i u itc?"
v i t u t t i cien fit icife?t itnenei mme? fusi
( f i t f f ) mf m??f (u) um, " U f f m (m) ifiuen, ?m
f?ficiti ffiu iiten 1Tlfr (Single party exposure)
1
mtmi um?, ci mt?? mmi f f i (mm mmu umcn wu)

i?u 1 ? I mtfi cmm wu i?u if??" ( f i t f f , fUn) i Hu c i c n fi?( fimei cn?mf ufifwji ntifi? I C U l e f ^
fifieui iHuci I mifici fiu wtu?c (t itwm ttm '^c
c? ?uw Q^ fum fiu ?]^, mm i? ?ftc? i mit (to uwm trm i w if? u o - i f i g , ititi?? wieirffg
mcu? mm fiuu fieifu itc? cit mmtew ffff ?i cin?c??ei fifirui fHu i m if?U tite??ei w f f ?
vsei ufu ute? I c^ttcii fifitm ?fi?lcn, ifft m[? i f ? u<t?fi Spen ft um m ^ iHeei i tntf u t t i
mm v i i i c i e i wmuft m< uut ifiuti i?, e? cm? vitmeit men (im?) ftus? va fcitcn ftf?it?en uuei-
muwt ufie itc?u i um men i f f wimn, if-if? '2?m îfi??, uufwi
t m f t mrtti UtmeiiftficSiie? 'mtum ifa' ic? mfH vg fff^fim nt m<-itiffwi Spe?? i c n ffim
U f i i ff%e t m f t utti itScsii' iftt ifiUei i m?- ifmf?eei I
mtmi tmft itftit mnii mSe^n stfit ifntci i t m f t tntf n t i Utiteii Hs itfi m<#fei ftm mfsF?
? T t t i UtmeiTi f i f f e t w - n itSc^rm? uuei ifimfi' ifiu îîc fiu mme f g vs citt f i f i e u e n u u e i Uf?Bi
w ? i ? j t i f T i i ^ i ^ ^ ? e ? T ? i f f t i w m ^ 3 f ^ (fie^g.) i i|fi?l, liitffcn fcUi fH nt f f i i ? i e n i f f S m
t m f fiiem
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fifw Uf itiuci I ifefeff itc iooto mm i f l ^ lis tiuft 8. mm m e n ' Z i m i u c u nt i n ' s e n m t f c n

utti l i l t suen Wt'S'Ulfftoiiit.'Stticsfv3,il,offo m itui? ie?tm i?en l e w j t m f n t i m i t f i m ite f i f i c u i
U t ; ? ttob-i..0ciftt ttit f U 5 ? e t iflUCl t iooto U C I ? o o ie? I fill%i n t i f i s i t i c n m< m - ifiim i m
liifsti tiit aliscw? Siii?cfft? itUt Hf i.ffff ,110 TSf? I fUci? IC? I
UsiU s>8 tcl? c?ft itccn u t u 1 tU?-ici ifftt wmm (?. t n t f utti m t l ife wu i t i i ie? nt
nit m]^ tfmfui'lUo iHun utHcci I u m ue vs m t l iifc c^ iRi HHcui ie? 1
itCT? fisf? u?t?f Ufim RRc?ii fHu met? uci fiff%i n t i m m t i i i f m cm ? i i 3 ! n uifi-
itci iucii?ci uwim cusu itcci n t M n mHi . mren Hm mfni i u 1? U I
cue? Sfi vs mift i t m if%f ctfsu itcci 1 ici i^t
Siit?cfftif itHitfii itufwi cwc3t ?mi mfU nt to. t m f mrrtei fimmi i?rfe wuitfi i fificuen
fiit^ iicn ifi!T mm if?cci 1 i t f t i ifuicnci mfcn ^ m i e n I fiffn ntci wuitf c m ^ m
fcUi fftifft Stuiujii liitca f^ ifnt tilcn cUUt, ien u, ff wu ^j? Hitf? f ^ ci? u-sm H-uust
w U uic<i? fnti itit?l? I U fiu cicn'^twicUltci csfiicnt
u n i m Spi u mtufwi Sf?m um m^ ifnt 1. tntf n t i tm urn's wu iicn f H nt f i f i e u i
tmft utti tm mtmtfwi uf?f itn if?ci^ 1 iici a ir?3Rm? U U C I ^tHf? mffii f i i t e i iU?t ic?i f f
Itwm tt?n fificui fiu ficwci? m^m Spm i t t u -flt ?jim 'jiHitf? f l ^Hf? ?llR<p f i ? i i u?f2t^ ie? 1
i i c n nuen cn cm - A H I mti tut i w fifieui b-. tntf uttci? mH mci? mii fUfi? itftfr
cim? mif mm itfiiten 1^ tit m^ mt^-mtufwi S ^ i Ui, firm' tmH f?tH', C2pt vs fie3jit, it??te??
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t t f t f tlt?f
srtfCtA ^ffTSt 8 ttfOT t t f t t t feft, ii)<P5^ tt TOtt AtCC? I t t f t f tlt?f t t A f t t f f C f t t f R t C f lilttCt R 5 . e ^ f

tt I t t f "WtlTst ftftW f % C t t t t t i ttfftt t t f t ITO W < t ^ ^ WtCf f ^ t f f A t f I
alitlStW Sttt-Stftt R^sftAit ?tftt Cft f f t W I lilt^ttR wtt ( A t 8 flACft ftfS î^C w t t fACtt RttlCt tit?eft
wtttftft^tt wff fttt stc^jwt tAtt ctttm W f t t f A f t f t f f f Set I tjt?f c t t A f t f ftftcttf f c t I W f a j ^ t
W t t t l f f attRtWt f ^ tTOtR ttfft: TO< A t c t I t f t t c t t f * i t S t Ct^cat f f f f t f ^ f t R R t f ATT?Cft R C t I
ftfttt *3?ft I f t t ttAte a l e ^ K f t f t f t t t f ^ t TOTO ttffj Cttfff I ff tlt?f ^ f f t f t f C A W t t ' t A t f R f CttMt
ttffe t t e t c t t f c ^ t t c t t f S t trtTO ftfis fftc fCttfStt I tAt f t f f t Atet fff C<i^ft W t T O wfftett
A t c t I et t t f t e t t f f t c t t f c t t f t f t t t w f t t t , A t ? tAW, ftf%C R t s f , A I C t f f , f i f tTfft ftf^ tACt? w t t ^ t
f t f NS f t f # t t t t t c t ttAttJftf I t t f t f ttf'wtct t e t t fCt I
A l t A t t , S^tttt f t t t t f t f t A i I lilt A t t e t - i l f W t f t t t f t t f t f ATTlf ttf'wt ^sifCttft wtf-^ttft'Wt tAife

A l f ^ f t c ? t e t t Ctstt ^tft^flt f f t î^C t t e t tt I Wf^^tftfrt ^ f f t fARtCA w t t c t t I t A t ? t f t t t f ' W t f f t f f t I t ttl tAife
Tgffst A?8TO W t e t t t t f t t l i l f f t Moral filter At 'Mf fff^ tACt? f t - C f l f R t t W ? f R t f w t t i f A t f C A I lilt ^
t t f f t tAif W t f ^ f C A , AtAtC 2tCjefA ftfttt a)f ftfttt t ^ i f A Rft f C t t C f t t R t R t I
ftttCA W t t t f f f f t C t M i t W t e t ( T O . Stt F t t t , t t f t t t t f t f tTt?.f fAfs[ t A C t ? w t t w t f t f f t r o w t l t t f ' w t
w # t f f F t C f , f . oo, Atvfiett tfftftSt w t t t f t f t f t t , ^ f c t i l H ^ f f t fAift ff%c w r o t t t \3 |ffe tttfes
, Ttft Aooo t - ) I W t f t f e ? I t A t M M f f sft% S^TOR atCf t f C t I t t f t f
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Ffttt t f t f t e w t sicbticf f t e w f t t t t e t i i i i A t e ^ t t t e w t w f c t t f ^ tte f t f t t t f f f A t I ftftctt c t t f t j c t 2 t t f t
f f f C f t f t t f f t f W W s I t f t A C t f t W A SctTtet wtt ffAC tJt?f < f t A C f t Rtett f T O t f f f t t t t f W f ^ f f A t I
t t e t tt I l i t ttctt C f t f ttAtc C f H A f t t ^ T O ftftt tt A t ttt tttR ftffcf t 8 RRtR tAift ATT?f f C ^ f t ff%e
lilt?, W t t t f f ft1t tt CtCtt, tAt ftf% f t t t f C f t t t f t t (tAtctt t f f T O t t ) t t t w t f t t (Loans & Advances)
ftcfff ttttfWf t t f t f I f t f f t t t t c w t t c t t f t t t ^ a t r o f C t I l i l t r o f f t f t t t e t t RCtI R A F t c F f tAifsft
W t f t A t t I f t W t t t t # C t WtWtA lAlft A C f t , " t t t Ctt *|tt3I A t f R t t t t t - f f t t t (Credt f CC), l t ^ l f t (Over
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1) I 'ctttctt t t e t w f t f t t t f t f c ? ^ tf^3eftt' ( f f (Hypothecation) t I t f t i f f t t t t W f t t f l i l t t t t t t 'S
w t t - f f t t t , w t f is.) rAlfc?Scgtt(ttlCA, ' T O f t f t W A f t t W t f t t fAfs[ t f t ^ t f f f C f I C t t t C t ^ - t t t (Consumer
C f t t w f t w t f t f ft f ^ t t C f f t f f t t tttCA tt I' t t f t credit), A T A R t f t f t t t (Commercial Credit), f f ? f t t t
f t t W t t t C t t tttJCt ttftgi f t t f t t t A W t A l A t f A 5 C f t f C t t (Industrial Loan) t I t f t i t t c t t t t t , C t T O atfftc
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SAtt wtcftcf t t t e w t w t f f t cftett Ttfftt t t w t t c t t f t f t t c t t fttfe f f f c t ^ r o f c f t t t f t f A t i f t T t f t t R t I
ATtlftl t I t f t f t t f t f t t f t fffe R ^ I liltwtJ ttftf
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t^ftc t t f t t f t f f t t t Ctt I t t f t f t j f i c f t Aftf f t f t c f e t t
R t t O T f f ^ R t f t i^C AtCA I
t t f "wf WfCttft W C t f tAvft tftfC? I liltRCtt RCtT t f t t l C ?
t t f t f ATtllfA f t e f l t f (f) fTOtf ^ fttfft ff%f W l f t t f t t A i f t , ( f ) ro' f t t t l A t ,
f t f f % f t i t l f t ? f l < * t t t A^RCtt Wft^9tt R t l ro' f ' W t ^ t f tTlft C t ^ - C f f t ^ liJA?. ( f ) t W t f f f t ? R A
f t f f t f t f A t t i c ? I fCf t A t t C R T O Ct53i vg t f t t t W t t t t f "wf WfCttft f t f t C f t t ^ I
f t ^ , R t R t f t t l t t f t A t t i c ? I t ^ t t f a i f ft^fapctt f t t C t t t f t f t r t t f t t f t C f t e t H A c t F - c f t t f C A f; (f)
l i t ATT?f t J t f t 'ATtlft? f T O Rtet^' f '^bo ff tJt?f"ttCt aff g c r o C A F - C f t t f C t ; ( t ) ftACft Rfto W l f t t f t tîfe
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t t f ^ vg f f c f t t f f t t t t f C t f R t C f f f f f ttftf tft f t f tAt î^C fft A t t t W t t f C t I lilt t t c t t f f f t C f t
tIt?CfA f t ^ J R f t f f t f ATTieft FltC tlttft I f t f f % f f f f a R t t t t t t t t t f t t f t f A T t t f Rtttr W f t t f C f t t f l A f C f
t l t l C f t 4t<*ei|t f f t f t f t t t t f t f tTf?f f t A f C t t ftfttt f f f t t t c t f t t t fte t t t a f r o f f t c t t e t i f i f ^ i t t t t
RlRCt t t f f f t t f t f t t f ' W t C t f t t t RCtI f f t f f t 2(lt f t c t Attttt'ttet tftf^ft I
S ^ fftCC? I t R f t f t J ? f titftt f t f t c t t RtCt RtCt l i t ttttai (Letter of Credit tt L.C.) cttft g W f S W t f f
c^m twfAtt tt tCttTO Rtl f f t t f o t f S t st1% Sftt c f t c t e t t ScHCtT t t t t a i Cttft A T t t e f t l i i f f t isff f f f t w i
t t f t f fttCftt
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t m f utn
m-'ms u u n w t m % f 5 u:u? Hifk wNtt f i u f f ^ fcUi fH 1 ? I t m f utti uum cHt itcis? nw ^
u t n f f cut 1 uti-5-uti itium cwcai 1iu3 f i i i f k u m utn i n ? ituci i t U Ut f?f5 tmtf utti c3Fft
wu^ f f u t n f i i i f i u n f i u t m ufiu u n i t m f ' itcv^ Spi vs atcui if?cci I c3Fft itci^ <(j<(iic? itf'm
u t n t m f uf'îc? ff u H u "ttefug f f i u ut^^Hi uHun f i f ^ lf?m icn Accounting & Auditing
c i m n u t i cut i ttefnai fiifc w t m f u u i U u t n Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions
itf'wt wfcufi fifg fif^nti iiH? wfn mn? utci (AAOIFI) itf'm %Ttm Hmi iHuci 1 ^ uwtn f r n
fiatm u n wiU ti5f cn fint mc?m ift w t f u f mun fificuen utitc?^ itf'Wf? mif% u t I n Uwtn ffHfim
ficufw n I fiic? f?i fitu i w t f f i i fîutSf^t-n i ?wm um me< iflt cwm tmen Mi m ituei fien
i f i f f f ? S\5? i t c i n t tuc f l f S 5 i t c i t m f U f t u iit w?m wuf 1
c^ f f tm wtn? I C U i t f i i u n u i n cm ??n?w??? i m m^ 8 fom itilt Hui? cime? wu i m
u m t w u wm i f f utSfici? i U f f w f U f w u cm t 5 f cusu ?ntHt cim n H 'Q?'^f"f Sum i v i t fHm
wifiim utcsf ?j? uu n I fifim ?nti ufii u ufii ff%e Hitf? fi wtm ifiu
Mmfiu ^ cm-cm 8 Mmfii f5t cm-c?u fiff%i itcii t m f utti tmtf iff'wte? wti-wtum fH?
uttci? n f t m l f i i ?fst I 1 1 1 (Spot) wtm i?uc?ci? ff%c mc^ gumtifat fium cim? iHm uf?^ u n
(Forward Booking) U?IC1 iflt W i f ? CiUmi 1? l -flt ?sni
cwc3t W U vs mfi uttci? uimtfiu m m Hun f t u n cifitjtmmujR 8 c?litjii ^ n ft? i t c m?ra w<
Rc?fb 1? I tmtf U f t i 'snfmi wiwtfi cm-um u if?ei? ftifs? I vitwu ?nti itici? fiit i t c i f i i ?
fit It? t? w u itf'wtim i n f%f%c (Spot basis) n u fi wtm m I 1 8 1 V 1 wtue? ff%e cnt? fifim
fgm ift wu i m ^gm f i f i i ? u ciu-c?u m i Mmfii ifii? u fi wtm i u i f ? i m i mm ti^ci^ u îit
?^-uwtn i i s m ' i i f i t fint f?itcft itc^ t m f utti uSti?l U ^2Rn cweai fcn Si? ^s^c un i tmtf utti
w t i n? u I t m f ficii^cn ic, ^ t n c?u-ciu? u*i)ci uttimen mew w f ^ n u i i f i i ? u fi-n fifim wf
i t i t I t w^cn i i i t fgt uwtn w f f f i f n t ^s ffan ftitsnwtci cni
I t i t fl% ?sn I utn ijtuf^ 8 tu i t ? cm m-nu u if^sH i?ei
fgt uwt? u f i 8 w<Mi ^,i?m wim? ciicfic itici? wmim? u c ? S ^ if?fffc utti i ^ f f ?
f5t-Uwrc?? fif^ l f l (Money Mrket Instrument) lew? imr wHficn wfm u Hmm m? i mtf% i ^
ciu-c?u 1? I fgt Uwm ?fi' c i m e n cwcaj f c n m i?ei itf^ m i uf l t d mm icw utti f f ? i m
i m ufiif if^ Ititc? mw m i fgmiwt? i f c n i c u iTiuf%? w< ifieu? m i utti iflt cweat itic^ fiit ^tc
( ^ W t f f i i (T-Bill), i m ^ U U i T mtftiicit (Nagotiable H?tf? i f i n wtm m? i i
Certificate), Ufifwms 1 3 (Commerlal Paper), Uttmc?? f i i uttm 8 n m f f?i utrî piscountingi
i1lcUijm-i3i (Bankers Acceptance) tJtf? c?f fifHi m i u?ft? nft 1 ^ iuH w m ? itâim i itncp
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bid
wH-vsufi'wt Ulf f u r m wmfff? f n t itc t i t ? w < fif^ cimff filicitci? ifiim mfim ficmm mfim mm
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( f ) C?F-Cftt t ^ 8 (i) TO' f t l t l A l , ( A ) TO' f s f t ^ , (\0)
Hb-.oo
TO' f t f t t ( 8 ) TO' t t f t t t t I ( t ) W t f t t f t A i f t 8 (i)
t*l*1l^ t(Jt5JfA RRtîhtftf^ ^ f t t t t f (A) f t f f f f ; (f) f f f f t f ? t f f l f f f^tflff
f f f f O T t fttf 8 t t f t f A T t t f t t f t f w f f f t ffff-ig? ftf%e A t r o ti?e5w f tit ^RTS A t r o t t t e ^
mmW4 iflfit AftTt ftTO t t f t f wffft? c t t f f f f W f A
w t r o f f t f t f f f f f f ( l i t ^ ff v i i f l i l ? ) I
t t t c t Affftt tAt? f t t t e t t t f f f t t f t 8| t t t f t f W f f I TOgtif 8
( i ) t t f t f t T T t c f t ftftcmt t ^ t t f t f ftf'wte? f i l e (f) w t f t t f t f
A t f t f Ate 3stCA I c t t TTCt f t l t C t l C f ? t t A t f t f AtC f T O t f 8 f f f f tffC f t t t t ? T t r o W t T t f t I ' f T O t f '
^ e ? I (A) t t f t f ATttf ftftCttet? AttTCt "^Ttft w ^ c t ? t t t t t t t f f i t t l e t f t f t t ^ f t C f t I l i l f t R 5 ^ t t f t t t t l A f e ? ? TOt
t i f t f w f ffTiet?f?ef tt? Afffe? i ( ) f t f t c t t e f t tt <iit?tc? W t l t w t r o f r o , , c t ^ , c t f , w f ^ G. t w t f t e w
ftff? ?tC 3 ^ AtAtC f t t S,ttt? G?t?-,ff f f , ctt ftro I ' ^ t t f t t t l A f l f C f A f T A t f f t f t t t f ' TOt f t t ,
R t t f S c t ? s ? ^ tAtt F t c . f t ACA I t t t f e e ? ? t t f t f CAAt W f ^ \S t W t (t(tCt1t?tf A C f t 'fttf??' 1 'fTOtf
f f t o f t t f t f ATttCf? f t f t t t i t t t f i j R e f ftct?te? ttf? l i l f tte?? w t f t ^ ^ I 'iiRifTOT'l i t i f t w f t i f f vf'ii(t<ici>
fftc? I -
i r o ttft, wf39t, c t A t cetft Aftjc? ?T?tT F f T c r o
t t f t f fttCftt
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Wl t m f u r n
wu ^ mmH I If fe^H'C Stgfi m m ? T f n cmifff wit? ( I t c u n ) is.s.i-vii frtum i t ^

mtu ms? ffm n m cmm itc? wtfiu m ituei 8 "fiuu w< viin -6% um fffitc? t m f
wf if?i mmutff wm 'uftft m ' m u c u T I fufn Un c?ite?u ifiufi cm uttu cm H ^ f t n cqtm
it cmuf umtra c u s u w , cm Tiwm f?fmi u cn int m i Sue ?wt, afc^, sf? 's ajvsat fieuHrs irn i"
utm itp ms n I fimt^, ^[fff, mem u ^f^ (Mudaraba means such an agreemnt in terms
I t u m ? nu:? ?J?UC? wf l t d fUf?? cit Utffl CU4UW? of which a bank conducted tn accordance with
miuff^ciu the Islami Shariah provides capital for anything
>Ttm' ^f^ m wfur? ?jfn f w cum i mitw and the customer employs his efficiency, efforts,
^fuufw Scutn fm iwf, ^s)f^*s3ti, cm, f?c?tfw labour aind intelligence) i
?m I 'fUf??' cit ^ uuuc? utfi I *t^ ufUf t m f ? T t t i u?iic?i tifitt^-iii? fituu ut^cid ftt?r?i
?jin vg Scutm I C U f?uf ft 1? I ?J?itc? u H ^ cmm ^ im m i t U e i 8 Mudaraba is a partnership
itci wtffu citum uftfi U I fim? ?ifn n? uc? in profit whereby on party provides capital and
(Manual for Investment under Mudara mode, the other party provides skill and labour. The
IBBL)J^ provider of capital is called 'Shahib-al-maal'
fmtu muc?? f?uf f?mc?? ScBfeu uf?uc?? miHi ,while the provider of skill and labour is called
Stun U?mu i?3Ft^ ?T?f? ??u fiemt? utf?c ^c? i 'Mudarib'. (fnuu it? fftit f H i n H wtfufif
t i t ut ?j?itf?u ??cw fUf?? fiw mc?? ufic? uiu vs cqtue? n i w f r n cmm cn int wu iw im
u?m f?ci i ? m u t c i ? uum, cums, Um?, utm ^s iwT vg cm n e w u m i i[fw? cîtunci m n
fine? w u f?f^ mmei? m ute?i i e? fiw me? fftff I H ' nt ?wt vg cm fifieuntfei.m n
u?fmtei ftff?? tm fiew? u?tm, cum-utmn fiw? 'ftiH?') I
n f ? ??u ?mt?^^c fie uHe?? U i fiffiic^ im iicw? uttfit Rfic?iei fii?tini W*tSj 8 ( i ) ?itti ' I t f l l l
wu cm c??-ff cusu ?? ? ? I m' f i i t e ? f t n cmm int ?f?cufw Scut^ u m i
t m f Sf? utn (IDB) f?f?tm i t ^ ifiuci g 'ffff??' ftue? c i t f r n ?i?ifc? utti i (i) u m ifimtu
"Mudaraba is a form of partnership where one iscnmi u fftfn I (va) utti ffifi m' ftue? ui?tim
party (Shahib al Maal/Rabbul Maal) provides wt? cn u, e? ?j?uc?? u?fi nt mff's Sic?? fie
the fund, while the other provides the expertise uc? I ( 8 ) ?j?itcnit ^[f^ u^wffif ?itti Scum?
and management. The latter Is reffered to as I C U ii n I (ff) #?? m^ i m f?f% ific utn men
the Mudarib (Manager). Any profit accrued is fiit ite muci? iji?il^3 fie ue? i (b) f t u n sff
shared between the two parties on a pre-agreed dtiiten I t f i f l l f l l * ! U I ftue? ? T f t i ?n iê? i ( i ) Scuw
bassls, while capital loss is exclusively borne by (ffiH?) u tm i ^ 5 f f ufitff?fi?? I t n , wient, mw
the partner providing the capital (shahib al Maal). ?]?tim, wmft u fuatfscn mei ?iiuc? cmm i t c i
f'fft?tu n i?e?? utfufu? catue? n iw (itfift utn Scurm fiit ^te uiu wfi?i wtm if?e uc? i
ui/u?5i m) if?i m m i m ii?t wu iw tm ?wt ( b r ) ?jttc?5? wfiH iit C*TJ1VQ>I W U cm Sn ^^c ? i ? i i e n
vs u?fiiu Heufw ue?? i tuei m i ? f?tf?? (m^tn) i f t n fie uen u i fiei iu Seuw? ufî it? Uiu
ume?? It gt few? leu f? fi#? wfuc ti i ? i IU ^c? I (W) fftfn m m ^c ftrm HitH wten
^|Ht? citm? itci fif f f ? ? muntff (itfifi m ) n? wff?^ cm ufiafii u tt fitu fiw? cm m fie
ue??] I u e n u, e? imt? ifntm? new mtfii's wmm m
AAOIFI-vii? I C 8 Mudaraba is a partnership fie l i e n i (io) igf^ ciuiele? m-cmm ftm
in profit whereby one party provides capital (rab ifiu m m m! if?c n i ( i i ) c?m cn ivsm wtci
al mall) and the other party provides labour m wffte? (cm f? ui, n m , n m ? n n )
(mudarib). (Accounting and Auditing Organi- aftffi ii-citim ? ^ imt ute ue?, c? iu wSnici
zation for Islamic Financial Institutions. 2004-5, I U n 1 cm?eie? ftitc?? ft tit mm ifie n i
Statement of the Standard, P. 231) i [ f H U U ^ *(1IÎ1I 8 ' f ll^ll?'!' ( < ^ j L ^ ) ll?va|?||t wi?f l i n t '
ftrm wtfuf?^, cîtc? n I W (uifT u i )f f u t cqtm u 'itf?4t' (fi?i) im ^c Sî I wmfe fini
( < i _ H i )
v n t w i ? I W (ftfH?) cm im] i u itfiir Uie wtfufi? f W ? i t i f f ?Tt<lit iHmra

t m f fiiem
t.H.-ff/ivr
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Contents
"bib- tmff U t n
on a permanent or declining basis and shall

have his due share of profits. (Accounting,
Auditing and Governance Standars for Islamic
Finanncial Institutions, 2004-5, Musharka
Finanancing, Appendix E : Definitions, P. 187) i
(fttuit t?uft ?Tttu n t m n ? u : u n ? ? n ? w t f u f t
ut?m c?m? s t e o j i w t f m ? m u H^ u m om f ?
fitu iffl sfucK f ? ? ? ? k ? w t ? c n n t c?ut?T a t e s n
w t f m f t f fitu l a m m i m ff%c ftum u f f u t u u
uc? n t i m t ? ff u w t ? m ) I
?Tttu c m u f t w t t ? (?fcu??) ifefeff-ifl f U U ? ? ? i t ^
m i t ^ i c ^ 8 " f m t i t wf m ^ ?tm w f ? nt? ??cw
ft?cn n wt? t?uf fft? f u c n muH c?n? ? T t t i
n t w n wt? m i c u m c?? n t c?t n e w ? u ^%c
W i Wfm n t c u i m f ? ? ? ' w f u c ? f ^ i ? i"
(Musharaka means such an agreement urider
which a portion of capital of anything is provided
by a bank conducted in accordance with the
Islami Shariah and the other portion is given by
the customer a:nd in which profit is distributed
tmft s ^ u t n (IDB) fuum isvmt umn % in such proportion is mentioned in the agreemeint
Musharaka is an Islamic financing technique and loss is distributed in proportion to the
that adojits 'equity sharing' as a means of capital.) 1
financing projects. Thus, embraces different ?n<^t"it??n3i ftiuit? t # i t T g t u m t c?t? f t i f t
types of profit and loss sharing partnerships. ii?m I ( i ) i t ? u c n snmfft? f t n c u m m ^ n t i i
The partners (entrepreneurs, bankes etc.) share cut^- 'Jfw? n f t w t ? m i cum c n n t w n w t ? c??
both capital and management of project so that u t t i 1 S c n ; ^ ? m w n t i ? - c ? f "^c uc?-1 ( i ) c i t ?
profits win be distributed among them acording m u ?Tiue? m^ ^ ?Tttn? f t u n f t u t u mu?
to agreed raitio and loss is shared asêir their f f ^ S c i ? U C I I ( v 5 ) f ^ ? w f t t f t ?j?ficn I t m i
equity participation (ratio). u t t c i ? f u t? n I ( 8 ) ? j ? u c n s t f c m m n t i
[fftmt fT*n?t U?ptUlug U t ^ H cm1?-n Rjf^c* m i iucn f t n Wfm ? n i c n i (ff) fuuit n c s
n t ? fifie^f R R n t c l ? n f t tmft w i f t u f fit I lat l i f m c i t ? W t f u ? c i i t ^ Hucn wtc? w f u c n ff%c wtu?
m - c u m t ? ff%u f i f % g w t f u f f I t m ? ifwt i iflt m c?u m I c? wtm c?u u ftm ii^ u s m n
n c a ? u u wf u t f t r n f e f n m u f u ^ s m i wtftum stf ^m-wf? ?H ???? <pRc n t (vis) w m f t n t , ^5H=t?,
(Strata, u t n tTff?) n c ? t f t u t m m u c u t ^j^nt? t?mtt? tJtf? i t ? c ? c m m u f m n ftf ? i ?
u t ? (3? I tuc?? u : u gHm f s l f u f t uteo? w t ? n t f t u t ifu; n i ( 1 ) ?itti f U U i t f f ^ c? c i t ? fl%mt? i
w f u e s ( I t m ? ? f ^ i?l I w t c u ? if?c u c ? I c ? n c m m i ?ittci? w f c u n ut
TlTeÂccounting and Auditing Organization c m ?u c U l U n f i m if?c u f ? c n u i (b-) m i ?m?
for Islamic Financial Institution tAA13iFl)fpft?t1t? Hm ? t ? w ? i f i c n I n t i f?csi w m i c u f f ; f i f f w i u u
? t ^ U l U T I l s 'A form of partnership between the v f l t f t m muf? ^3 f i f t w ? l U t c u c ? I (i) v f l t ? ? c n
Islamic Bank and its clients whereby each party RRc?i? um? ?i?fi f%f%i n i R?fi f i j ?t?fi?
contributes to the capital of partnership in equal wtc? fftmt RRciit? u < i t c u c ? I
or verifying degrees to establish a new project fftuu va fUuit? u:u u < i i g ( 5 ) f u u m CWC3I
or share in an existing one, and whereby each uftfT u ? f t n ???m if?u U e m n t f f t f n iRw?
of the parties becomes an owner of the capital ' ? T ? f t n ftue? I t w i c n I f U u m cweat ^[f^^fs; n ? t w
t i f f fifem
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Contents
ATttf
ff t k t WttsfAt f l R A I (A) f A R R f t A i i W s "RfiAfT Atf' f f f t t AtCt tft CtA I f f t t , ATttf t r o W t t fff%C t t

ATAft ttAmfAR W t t (RA AT I f t R l f t t A i M s W t f t R t t lilf f I f t ftfft fCfT tft CtttCt t t CttftCtCt 'fTACft f t f t
f f C f t ATAft t % t f R R W t t t A t ftAt tttRA WtAt t f M t ffsFA A^tro f C t t
tt:^ W f W t f t R f t A t R t % t f t t fftCS tttRA I (o) fffRRI ttftf ATttf tTtftCtt ffffc5-iiR ATtfCtCf'Atro f t t C 5 W
t w f f r 'ffsR C f t f t t t 'ttflff t t f ' AAA f C t t I f t t A t f t W 1 ^ f f t f t f f t t f f ' f t c t ? A f t AtttC? % "lilt tîftc ATttf
ttiffc <pR R i f f f f t C t A W t f t t f t f AtCA t f f W t f t t t C f f t A f ^ M fff%C cfttCA t l t t l A t , c f f t tattft, tt,
fftc AA I lilt ifCV^ tTlft TgR fCA I 'ttAf t f R ff%C tAt ATATO
AtAtt tltCbSt W t ^ ftttfl^f ftRf g 'AtAR ttACSiSf f C t t liRt ATttCft W t C t t ffl fff%C t f t C t t t f f t t t tfltaFCt
W l ^ f t t f t f f ftff' ( d U i l L j _ i ) A t f lilf ftctt t t f t tro t t f f f i t t WTO f C t t I t t T tT AtfTttf WtCf t T O
^ I wft^R t t T fttt lilt t f t f t t S p t ftftt tftcC? I atf t t f f f tt, tTttCft W t C t t ffl, t f t C t t C t t f t t f t t
stftCtJ tAt A t f % ( i ) ttftfltm t f f t t t , (A) t^ntt (v5) fff%t t f t t t t liRt WttttCt a t f f t a t f f t ftfRt fft?tt f f e
ftigR-iilt ftt f f ^ t t W I t t f t f ATttf AttftCtt tfftcB-iR f t f t A t " (Manual for Investment under HPSM
mode, IBBL) i
tfttA ftSftCft tc " A t f t f t t R W f f t t i t C f t ftftc A t t R
tttCSW ( A t R tttCFSf W t r o fttftff ftfft At j _ ^ L . S j U l Atttt tKCbiSt W t ^ ffilf I f f ffff-lilt ttfftl g ( i )
ftAf t r o f t f t t t W f t t f C f R . f t f f t t t t C f T O wftafR
dJil tfttAtt lilftt ftftCAtt t A f t I t r o
Wtttttt ATttCf W t C t t t f C t t 1 ATTtCfA tf,f ,fTCt tt 'ftAf
2ftR t55ft ftAtit % ( f ) ^tt WfttC wtfrotctt t t f t f i r o
tro WtCft tt^ At t f t i t ATttCf W t t Cfft I ATttf ftACft lilt
f t f f t Ciffltt ttAtc t t f f c tAtCtt At tAtttt ^ t t t t t t C t t
ttttt t f t tro W t C t t t T f t Cttt f f t t t t t c t t f t t t t t
A t ^ A r o W t t t f t tt t t c f I (t) c3Ftcf tro tttCttft
tffctTA fCA i ( A ) liittit f t t TZRRt WtCt Ctf5 TO, t t f f f
f : R T t Wtftttf t t t f f t t t ATttf f f AStro f t t I
tft, t I t t C f t W t t , t f t C t t C t ? f t t f t t ^ f f f t t t f t t f t ,
f f t f t f f t t f f tt t t i f f t r o t f f R t ? t f t f t ' (<^j-i)
WtTOCt ttt a t f f t ftftf f f f t t tt^tCtt t C t l f f ^ A t I (O)
w f W t f t t t t f I f f t f t f f t f f f ' t t e t t t f f f t r o t f f T t T t iqt
ATttf Cttt t t f f f t t t f t lilt f t c t tro ftCTO W t t f t 'ftACft
t t c t t t f f t t t f t t t t e t ^ tt ctftf trt^ tAtett f f t e t
f t f t '^F^ t W f t t e t tft Ctt, I ( 8 ) 'ttAf ftfttt tft
Cftt f t t aiR f C t t liRt CtttteA t r o S t t A t f f f R t ft
ATttCfA WtCtt f f t f f t ffftc t f t e t t t f C t t I (ft) 'ftACfA
f C t t 1 ATtttett ft f f f tRJ ^ Wfttf-tt f f t t t c t t I
f f f t t f t e t t c t t , f c f f t c t ATttCft . t t f f f t r o w t t fftc ttcf"
C f t f t R ^ t c f f f t c t t WfttC tAttt tAt AAA f C t t I tilt
liRt 'flACft t t f f f t t t C f t WfttC AtffC t f C f I {b) 'tlACft
t t c t t ^[fwf A f t AA f f t f Iff ffff' I
A t f t f t t f A t t f r o t t c f f t c t trttCft 'SfftT t 5 R t f t t t t Wtf t t f f f
t r o t % w t t f 'wtsR' ( j _ a . i ) rot f r o r ' (6j_=.i) t ^ Atet f f t t t wtet I C i ) f t c t t T t t c f t w t e t t f f T f t t cttt
Atc tWttt tfAtttft S i I 'WtWt' ( j ^ l ) t t e t lftR, ft, ^ t C f 'ftAf tAtC f f t t f f f t t t ft f C t t I (br) C t T O CTO
A ^ t t t t l twttt A t f Cftt f t t ATAAtett f t f t t t ^ AT A"aro wtet ATTtCfA WtCtt f f T Cttt A t C f 'ftAf lAtC f f
2tfro, fT, f S f f AT C t r o tt 1 ttttt tT ' f f R t t f f f t t t tltc t t c t t I (fe) 'ttAf ftttftf f f f t f?C ATf ^^Cf
ACtT t r o t ' g f ^ f t t f t A t I lilt W g t t f tttft tttlR
f t c t ? A l t r o AT f f t t t 'tAt f C t t liRt f t f t t C t tttttef
f t f t t wf Cfft 1
f f u R sftaRT A t f capst -a fAcapTO t e t r ^ i lilt f f r o
rof fACaFR t t f f f t t t f t Cftt f t f t t ttl At f t t ftfft
^ t t t f w t t t t f lttTe t f t c t t c t t te caFR t i f f f i r o
ATÂAI
1ft f f ^ f t ! Alt 'Atro trtCPW W t ^ f f t f t f f t t f f '
ttiffc ATTtf artAf SA tt^ sftt f t At. W f t ^
ftftcttf f % t C f R f t t (fft, t t f R , A l t t f t , tltAlAt tTTft)
ajR f f t t t CtttleA C f t f t c t t S t t A t f f f R T ft f C t t I
tAitt S^ fte<Tt W R f t ftfttt Atet tf f f t t t c t t \ w t f f f
R s f t ^tCf St tt^ ÎfWA WfttC tAt AAA f C t t I f t f t ,
liittit f t C A ATttf i r o W t t 'ftACft ftft f t f f t f t c t t WtT
t t f f f fttCfR
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Contents
tmft utn
wfUfus ifnuu wfttft m Mtl if?u? #1: wt?i may be conclude either without a prior promise
im ntHH <W's) HijR fij R>fc wm n'^tft'i to buy in which case it is called an ordinary
itofw ie W V^l^BiH ii*R>cvs itm? H i t Hap? 1% Murabaha, or with a proior promise to buy
itn I () urn iUil? wf? 3Rf if?u tu? Si? i(?wi submitted by a person interested in acquiring
wfttff ?i f??t? if??t ?i?' vîi'sstM .iifm: wfsjf c3Ft? goods through the institution, in which case it
H?s& Hf%i75 ?t limtff? f?aF? ? 5f?e itc? 1 (8)?jtnwf?tfw is called a "banking Murabaha" i.e. Murabaha
I t t ? W5?tft ifn?stft? liPiftnt ?sf??t [?tai f i i f ? ?1?f w^ to the purchase orderer. This transaction is one
?sf??t itf^ ?tff f?itr?? i? ?1?' f w t ^ iifws fuiRi of the trustbased contracts that depends on
?5f?t: itc? I transparency as to the actual purchasing price
(i)-aRT-HaR i ^ or cost price in addition to common expenses."
?r?' s wtsiff H f ? ' 1??!?' ( j ^ j ) im itc(Sharaia Standards No. 8 Murabaha to the
purchase orderer. Accounting and Auditing
mm' f?!?^!' (<- if?t?tHSi| r'?m'm<igm-
Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions,
f?ap? I 1??!?' m < lt?*iQ?> mmf? f%f%c Hîf? f U ? ? 1
2004-5, Appendix D : Basis for the Sharia
m i w I i m '?m ^stuu' itcci mmo H?if? "gmtim fusRr 1
Rulings, P. 127) I
?jttfit ?j?itc?? cweat frtuit' n ? n <tj<?tf?? i l ^ , ?tim
mftc? ?ifn timitm? m f ? f c ? HfH ? i i fiHu ^smfu? [f?r?tti ^ Hîf? ii mte? ff^c iU fiam 1
i f t mms ?T C U i u f i u iu c?t itici? f?it f u g u ic? 1 Iflt u (mti mti) fiam fu? uuuH i t e uc? Htu tu
itn tf%m iK?ic? H^tfi m??ftu? ?cu U ? cu? if?u 'cui' i t e itc? I i 2 R n uu ut iflt c??e?? m^ i t c ?
mt? f?c u u U c i ? (Manual for Investment under tu ^c? liiiH u?m? f?fuu i f ^ I c?n m t i f ?J1%5 c?n
Murabciha mode, I B B L ) t iftten u?Te? .iU ^JFC?? W U mtitm cii i u v a u u i c n
t m t f % m ? ] t n (CDB) mm'ffruif? m t ^ HHc Iflt (m?e?? ^c? tif '?n?fit^pt?'^'?f^-mic?Bm
?f?Uci 8 Muarabaha Is a contract between a buyer fnt uc iU fuJRt CfmU) ftue? iU i t e ? 1 flt?ii
and a seller at a higher price than the original W H c w i f ia-?ifwj? mfu5 u?m? nulH ^l?t?ltc? Seg?
price at which the seller bought the goods as a mt? tjt ^ wuHwt mifif%f%i ^ f ^ m f s ? i f ? f ^ ] \
financing technique, it involves the purchase by ijTtfi^t it??tw \<\A\M Hfieuci? tifitj 8 (i) ?TttHt
the seller (financier) of certain goods needed by -^mm ff?H i w un 8 (1) ? J t t i (mf??itf), (?) fuai=t
the buyer and their re-sale to the buyer on cost- (UU? Hit i t e irtti Ui ie?) nt ( i ) c a t ^ u itn
plus basis. Both the profit (mark-up) and the (?tim I f e i mrtti Ui figm ?se?) 1 (1) HHcUi im? f?e?u?t?
time of repayment (usually in installments) are m ?]tti ifm? ?i?mf?i cuut, mfsir, f?wt, uwte?
specified in the initial contract. tu? fU? tiif?? ?itite? c?fw-n? c?? 1 () itm? ufiu
[U?' f r t U U i t ? caFt-f?capm icu n H ^ c?Uc?
mf?ff iU wan mtei uwte? c i t mten if&H, fij, istu
(<c*l (m<f??itf) c3Fm H?^ i U fiam ic? 1 int cweat ftnt tTtH ?Tfitc? mim mft u u t iHu cm ?jttci?
U f ? f I (8) icu? i * ? i w i mte? mti ? T f t i <3 itn Se??t
f?e3Ft m<ft?? citi? ftue? c3Fm ieuw? u f t i f cim
f ? f i t i U 3im iHu n t 'fttif mte?fw?' iHu if
wtu U l f frtUU i?if? n H i ^ 1 () icu? if ^gmfmi?
igmfij? utc Sw? f m j tu C3FI? fnt fiiFsr icst 1 m f
u 5 i^?i? vg mtf?fn i?u n t i if?u f t t itmfii Hm?
gf^c u (ui-mti) n t f U if?cite?? n? (u?f?'=t fif%e)
uu 1? I ?itti flt f t t * ? f C i j ? Sn ii u C U i iHu
H^ffisUnri
HaRtfu Hf?? m 1 (b) ?itti Ui uu? wu ?fen tt,
su? mHtfen c??, fu? fifnm tJfH i?5 uici? fnt
iim t m f ?Tttci? mcifii mf^ ?tum i1?um?
i t c s mtu? m I ( H ) ?]tti n t ??cn mffi^ mt? itui?
mcwj if%fli Itm?? f f n ml^s^^tf1 mtft Accounting
fiit i t c wmtus f?e un 1 (b-) irtti ieuwn itun?
and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial
H?Jt i t c s mun wtuus f?e itc? 1 (>) i t n mff u?
Institutions (AAOIFI) U ? ' f ^ t l l l f ? mtwm ? f ? U C l 8
cu? iHu n um iflimrci He uc?? u fi1%e mrfufn
Murabaha is selling a commodity as per the
fir if?eu? if?u mrtfii u? f?e ue?? 1 (io) fifumrif
purchasing price with a defined and agreed profit
icu? mtf??nr inci? fnt u^ ut 1 (ii) f f ^ w-ûf i m
mark-up. This mark-up may be a percentage of
Hff? nen ?eu icu? n ? ? i i f?c ^g u? cu? ^ ,c uu
the selling price or a lumpsum. This transaction
t m f fiinm
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Contents
t m t f u i n
um 1 (ii^) tusRT^ u t n ? '^'sm ?? u?s? C I R IHUO? i?uc?i mmtf? c3Ft ^c itfic? u I uc?? iH?i? vs
l U U T t U I fu2Fc?? mti ii3 mtim?? ufif untn? i (8) u?' -^mm
U?' fvsilastH 8 mft W m 'UtWt?' (Ja.1) U l f vg f?i<tit iifc n m icu? m fi?tH ^c? tu m
itc U?' (Je-j t : ^ ) tHotUlt S v | I W U < if??? I U m u I ?it?n? ^m ifiem? caFm c?ft ifum
Tgu-tigu I 'mn?' u< f??tHs ???, c?u? i u?' ^mstt? uf mffi^ i?e?? ue? m u m UvsfeU ute? u i
f ? u r Uuuc?? ic ?u fugu i ttt -fluft u% ?u mt?* mtmt? g m t ? f ' m ' mf nu-cm i 'umt?' mf
1uiFc?? I 'u?' 'fUwt? ?iu: unn u ^ fU?n? Scncu
mtm I mm' um' ( ^ j.^) ^ mtm 'nu-c^' i mm'
mci? f?u? ?i% u? tigu c?t?n? I ?Ttn ?u fif?u mt? um'vitn n ?j?mtfn 5f%5 um m f M s m mtuf cm fiff?
Si? ut??nu 1?t% ul?m ?? ? î-iîf mm ?^ i?e?? icu iU m???tci? ic ? T t t i uc?? m mtm itieu?
f?j c?t ?u ???m uc? I -g^c teu? ???, m, mu?, I C ? I fifit nc? ?jtti itm? fiit itc iU m??m ?tu
R*ui=ij, ? U ????lci? m ^ ???, m itu?flt:?? ???f1u tU c? cm ?Tf%5 U ifitc?? fiit cUue ife? (Manual
??if tItf? ff?ttc? St:i? u n (Manual for for Investment under Bal Sakam mode, IBBL)
Investment under Bai Muajjal mode, IBBL) i AAOIFI m' um'-vii? mtm Uiuei %
A Salam transaction is the purchase of a
m' fuwtd? Mitj 8 ( i ) <i)t ?i*(c ? T f n mn?
commodity for deffered delivery in exchange for
WfCUC? ft? vg fic?i? f?f^ Sn??, ctu?u u? Ht?u
immediate payment. It is a type of sale in which
tu mn? fn? ufe fuiF? uc? i ( i ) un?? ^ m?fft
the price, known as the Salam capital, is paid
f?ff? i ? c ? uc?? f ? ? t f ? f u Utcu? 1 ( ) ? T t n ?u
I C ? ?
at the time of contracting while the delivery of
fifiu tuc uftitu f?f% ?sf?u 1 ^ u f ? t f m i n ? T i
the item to be sold, known as al-Muslam fihi
fcu c?t ?u ???mic? I (8) -gHc u:u? ???, u?, ?f?u?,
(the subject matter of a Salam contract), is
f u 2 F ? f i T , ????ici? ft? vg m , m i i i "f? Uum??
deffered. The seller and the buyer are known as
m f U ? ? t f tTtf? f-?itC? Sci? I U 1 ? I (ft) m'
al-Muslam ilalhi and al-Muslam of Rabb al-
fsfpsn? fificuc? ? T f n mn? fnt ?cu? ciu m nt?
Salam respectively. Salam is also known as salaf
if?c uu?? 1 (vb) ?Ttn vg u n S? u:w? ? m i I * w u:m
(Ut. borrowing)" (Sharia Standards No. 10 Salam
f u z R T f i T f??tf? m 1 tcu? R * ? f i j fi?tH usu? m t u
and Parallel Salam, Accounting & Audititng
? f ? u o ? I U u? u I (1) unn vitt f?f?cu? fiuur ific
Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions,
um? fnt itc ?un wtuus ?tu u n i ( b - ) f??tf?
2004-5, Appendix C : Definitions, P. 174 i
i ? c ? ? ?cu m i tcu? u i ?f?cu? if?c u< ^tc? unn
uffij? cit? u< utm i f ? c uc? u, c? mn? fiit
mtm c??c?? i t i mtm fu ?f?eiie?? fiifte H?jc
mnUci? ie iU Tgm I v i t cweaj f??Tc m??m 1 U itc?
itc u%uft w f i ? ? utm if?c uc? I wf^^?? u<
?TfSC1? Ut??iC? ? U U T U I iftu ItSHi 1 ^ WfCitf?
vit?? i e m ( f n m f f t < .a u mtm ^ f e t ti???f)
fiifte i e m m u umt? f t u r ^ f ^ m?? m t m i f i e u ?
cit? w?Hi? itcsf iu ?T?m i u 1 ? I
i u i ? If?e3Ftei?uftmt?t?ft(<(-jJI |.l...n) n t c s p s t n
U ? ' fV4||ia8,i*i vg m' fititm m c u i t < i T s fmtu
^fw5 u:u? C I U m, fiut vg mijtu i ? u utmrfstc? Sew? ? u U T m t i - f i m ( j J - a ) u 'uift-migt?' (^, i... i i ^j) i
I U u i f ? u i I m' ^ f ^ c?u? i t n n - i t t ? ? u m t m ^ mtmti (. j i ) uc?vg Uifs (mtf?tfii m<f m
wtucu u?iTfTi ?ci, i f i i R r f u cmu ifumt uc? i I U ) ] l"
U?'f5ft^ft?i?if?u?jtuif3t?tit'5fef?t I m (?i?iii mt?' mlmtesi? ^ r f t t I ( i ) ( i t i?ife ?itti u m ?
vg u?' i i f ? ic?ift u?r?? U o ^ 8 (i) itm? f f i vg f i w ? u m t m fie? i (i;.) v i t i?ifc u n t i iteci
fnt figm? mtc?t ? t f ^ u? untn? ufiitm vg utc? cai5f n t i t n v i t cweaj fic*t i ( v a ) u n t i vflt ??c?? ^
ufic itc? I itffutc? fiu? ufnc? uu ficst? uHitm u i t u m ? i ? i t n n uc?? m t m f i T u?? mf ( m t m f t m )
ut 1U figu 1 U U ? U I ( 1 ) Ui TSFC?? i ? itc C3!5t? c u m c?? I (8) ^[f^m'.n? u n t i i t m ? ?mf? f^f%c
fiit ust^ ifiu? uti i w ??c?? ?cu m uutu c i c ? , i e m m fim? I U 1 ? I (ft) ^ f ^ i ? ? i e m m , i f ? u ? ,
^ u ? t itc? c?t cit? w ? w f ? ufif ? i t n ( f i c 3 F t ) ? i ? ??<?ici? n ? , m u m f|? I U u t I (vjj) # p u f n f t i t n
I C ? I itffmtc? T j f t c ffi ? i ? u if?u fntut i u '2?? ? ? i f??icHf^??e? i U i ? ? m i e ? ? I (1) i U m ? ? m i f ? e
(vo) inci? ?s?uc?m m u f m cm? ?t?f? 'mffiim u < 1^ f?cv*i m m iva^ m c m 9fu^ i (b-)
i t ? c i ? ufif ? T t n U tm i f i f i f i ? i c n t ifHR c m a F C i t f i f i t mum i t m ? f i i t ê i u m ? ? m mm c?t c m

t??tf f i i c ^
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Contents
t m t utn
uf^ u 2t1%ifm tnt Rram Segi ^ f ^ Ufie itn i (s) iwii uff ^êi ficaFtn
t t n I (Js.) U f n mms
mffsf 'Mr? n m i t?f% utun wu itm? ufi itc lem wttfiu u iu m wtm n>au utc un wm uH
n t n wtftus Un i uu utc un I- (e) *tifm' gf^ m imtcn m f u
u?' t-H^m* 8tifm' (^1 Hmi w?f n I cim Him't u fnra tifmu'
-. ...1) it? c3P5t iu,
m I n ficU( liffitm wu Uftcn cweai cimHffliu
tu3Ff? u:u ntt gfe I lilt "6^5 wfrtft capu? t i c ^ tu3j5f
nfi I f ^sH iHu nâu? teu I (vb) ^ mtfi i m n iem ff u wftfiu m
um i cm u t ^ U
cui i m n cm m nim ^ ufi u tjtm
stf#T im Ufuituo cm gu -fi^tfn u m t i f u s i n M?
f?u tic cm ufHn u utmu ulicn tnt atm utici iHc Iten U I ( 1 ) cm iw t7?tf i iHci iff
ntufHn u uHi i^sin uft ^c^ titiu' if^ mtfi 1 C W 1 Sn Hfit w^mt wtcui lU.Utn i nti i tifnf'
n I .ilt CTCIuinmtnmn fiîifi' (^. -... ) f^ uu utn I (b-) m t f i i f i i e n ic tifmt'
cweat wtcmfi wH'jii ntci?'211 wtnci finfu itni
ntutni iff iten f n ' I utcum uun ^
u u i U n m n u i f ' (j^jj-^) I H^tCfi^ tifftcHit=fum* mtmttiHmm i c u i t ^ s ( i ) m' itm u
^sf m 1 ? m %fii Hfl u b o l t firm tic wtntr wtm ^gmi cweat Huc i u m m i u n i icm m
Wfcun tici ns, wffit titc n itci lif tifm'
^f%5? m ifieui iHc n i tifim cweai icm wttfii
u fu m wtm Htu I U muen m ificui i u m i
^ itn 1 wtwi u cnti H<tn'm "tifmu' ^sf^ wuft
(1) m'mtm umi fHiu wtm.cim'^! fif
m n ufn ^ attm? i c u fuuf iiiitc cim. H ^ i
tifim mi" Htw icu? Se,im u Hiten i f i i nm
iutcu I cm tmfft n t i cuui fien m - i i f itew wmen
AAOIFI tffnm I t w m itiUCl "Istlsna'a is a
%
cmi tifi'itsi i i H Wfnl m i m fii u i u i c ^
contract of sale of specified Items to be cm cm l f l m ' tmf^nfn m' mtifi ffm mufi
manufactured or constructed, with an obligation 1 1 ifiu m icn i
on the part of the manufacturer or builder
u t i t n c i t i ^ i f t u t ^ t i i w n f*iiiiii
(contractor) to deliver them to the customer upon . f i i iei? uc5i I i n fiien fitum itc uatf S I
completion." (Sharia Standards No. 11, Istisna'a ifiu t m f n t i uift Uai, w< :itfi n ficn icut
and Parallel Istisna'a Accounting and Auditing m *flai t i i ^ n fiiuff f i t ifie nt itf wtitte
Organization for Islamic Financial Instituions, ii< lt?tlci I Utitnci'8 lilt cweai SegieUU wilH wfw*
2004-5, Appendix C : Definitions, P. 195) i it?itci I mitnci t m f u^ itincu 'a witifn.vuifm.
t m f s ^ Utn (IDB) tifmi mtwm Uiun ? WfiffH ic^va c?inf iim t m f %u wtfii fi'fkn
"Istisna is a contrct for manufacturing (or n H ifaim i ititci t m f n t i ifm uun i utitnci
construction) whereby the manufacturer (seller) t m f ntHt v i i n m ^% t f ^ wtcitnm fin n i fmtu,
agrees to provide the buyer with goods identified fitmt, m' fmtit, m' fwt^,,m' itui iH iHtu
by description after they have been manufac- viin vflt cum ifcu Ufcn ^nfmi,mtm wtfii ciumen
tured/constructed in conformity with that iu ftun Uf ituci I gt fcn m mm? mcu nen
descripton within a certain time and for an agreed ntHt itiapci? im n-wtuti v i i n t m f ifwtfHi
price." nf? w f v a m wtHuci i t m f ntHt-n tiff? mi itei
[tnfiu ^ Se,umi (u fiiten) m n 'gf^ ntim Sim cig if?u wteimt-iiteifnf va ienu fif itcci i
Se,uinf (fiea=t) fifit f i n i wfUft cm 1 U tef? fnt f#m fie^ twfm u lenm n ituH HH itu ifSufli,
tit fifit i m Hiffi un c2Ftn m U i isHc n t m f ntHt'dim fi i t i mm ifntci i t m f n t i
ni] ?mft? vit iHmui;iiit n e n mm .it finH wtm
tmf^mm Witi ? ( i ) tfim' ^^c icm i t I t il??tei n, wT*(Hi fic^ m? 'Wn i wfn? Siiun^
ffif^fini ufic itn i leui m , cjfft, ifiui Mitj, im. ?sf?U-fitenimir?igmmi5im mftn if?e iten i
-^ûs Segi m wift I tm uei nuift cm f i fmfit -it tilitca tmft ntHtffiwtff 'a wimfiftifH iHc
u Hm liiftcu utn I (i)^H5cmmStcgii5f?^tn i niitucii
m m va fim ifieufi itn iit^ S't^c Segi ufin i ifwi-i? v i i f i m i n fifi? ?itti t m f utti utitni
() I U m , ntm,mm neu m m uu itn tm fifictvb-n ifimui n u u vitt ciei fsi v^H, t n t f
t m f fiiem
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Contents
t t f t f ATttf
ATttf tMtCf S ' S f t f A ffetC? I l i t s l f A t f Wtf-AtAtft ATttf f t b l A t f Ctfttet t f f l f t f t C f t W A f t R f ? f A* ttAt A l t t C f t

Wtf-WtttftA t f f l f ATttf, CftfTtf t-lt^^tJJ^ ATttf ffftrS, ftftf Wtfff Rtttl t W f o fft ffcft f C t I Aooft RtCf
wMr A T T t f 1f S, ttASftftf t f f t f A T t t f ftfttt, sfttA ATTtf CEISL t t f t f ATTtCfA W A f t t W t t f ^ f M 'rtf iil
1f 8, -cnft ATttf 1f 8, ft-1f1t A T t t f I f 8, Wm A T t t f fts WtAA Rttttf' fttlAt f f t t I C A AtAt A l t t C f t f ^ 5 t W t f f f fTtlT, w f t f
AttfTWt A T T t f 1f 8 A f t T A T T t f fTftt^ ATTtffA f W f f t f t t t t f , w f t f c a s ^ TO f ^ cai#5 c s t t f t f f t ^ s f t f f i t f t f
at^ff f ( # f t f ATTtf t f f l f Altttft tlAT WtttttT tro f t c f t f I f E t f f w t f WtttttA ttftf A l t t f C f CEISL
WTffttC? I iflf^ fiftftf A T t t f tctv|C*(T t f f l f t A i f t ? ATTtf CtfW8 fftttc? I
ftftTA t i t t ^ s f t o A t t I C A TOt Wt?rs f t t f i t A l t ^ l i l t R W T f t w f t f t t f 1f%f WtâlWtfff titffftf Cfttttf fftttt ftctt
?SfffettC?l G # A T t t f f t ^ ' (World's Best Bank Awards)-^
ATtfifCtrtA A T T t f t t WS_Oi.iaAoo<t Tf?et C t t t W T O Wt'tt t f f l f A T f t f AttftCfft ft8-Cf tAlt f t A 3 R f f C f t
t f t i J T t ftf i f t , 8 \ 5 , f e f t b - . o o ftft?? t t f t I tAra tC?T f f i f t f ^ f W t l ifefeS), A o o o lilAt A o o 8 RfCf f t - f t T O 'Ct% A T t t f t ^
ATttfffAA t t f t f ATttftt t t t t f A t t f t f AlttfffC^? CtTt A t t f t C t t ' fa^tCA f f f f i t t i C ? I
W?t ftf A,ii,ft'î.oo ftft?? t t f t I t A t C?CTO C t t t W T O t t f t f A T t t f A t t f T C t t fts W f f t t W t ^ l W t f f f ftf^
t f ? t iÂo tt ICt%f W f f f t c lilt f T O C t t t ftftmtA Q^ff - ^ o ^ ftifJtiCt t f f l f ATttf t i t Alt f p t StRfCtt
tftttt ftf . i i , S > A , < ? o i ^ o o ftftAA t t f t I TAtA tC?T t t f t f
RCt? 'ffff fffft t t f t f f t C C ? I l i l t t ? S f f f M c t t RCtT
ATTtfff:AAftftCAttftf i7s8,'bS>o-ftfttt t t f t , AtAt C t t t
A f t t t c ? A t A T O t f f f t f lilffSf^tîii'a- wffftvwfit Itcwtt f t
ftftCAtCtA t f t t ib.Oo t t ( t C f t C t t f t (S^, AttftCtt ATttf,
ttftftf fftTtfrotR; t f f t f t f t t R (AAOFI), CWRtCtf
R t ^ Aooiis f ) I
f t f f f f f ? t t f t f t f A t t T f R liia f f t l f f r o t R tfftftSttR,
f t R t C ? C t f S R t C t 2ft5t W ? t t T t t C f ? 2ft5t ? ? Atwt? t T t T
t^tttlttttf t f f t f f f f f t l t f r o t f R t C ^ (IIFM), f t f 3 5 Wtt?
f t w f f t c ^ C A rTAt? RCtT t t f t f ATttfffCAA RTTO f t t t
Wlff?t ff%f t^tttrttttf f t f t f t t C t t R lil f R f f f t T f
Cfttt ftR^ROot C t f I t t R T f A T t t f t t t t t t e f t ttAf W t f t C t ?
W t t f f ^ C t ^ , RifCtfftf ff%f t f f l i f f f f t T t f t t J f R t f t c t t
ftf fttt ftff RTfCfTt tft5t fttTCA IT j i t S ^ t t t f t f ATttf
C?tf (IFSB) N 3t^tttlttttf csm TO f t t f lil^ t^fSw
R t t f T c t t i f filCtvb ; ^ o o f t R t f R t T O t A l t i i i s f e f t t t T O RttTC?
( A t t f t C t t 5 T t ' ^ ) thrift I W f f t ? t f t c ? t f R f f A T t t f R f A
TO ftt ftft?R t t A T O W t f ^ fftc TOf'^tttCA 11^ f t f t C t C t
- A t t f t C t t t f f t f t f t W ? A t t f tTtCtWCt% ( t t w t t f t l i l t ) , ft
t t f t f ATttf-lilt ftctt'wtf|tftiir^ StRtt f t f t C A ftctfS
t f l t l t f t W ? ATttfiR f t f t c t t ( w t f t f t ) , ?ttftCiit l i l C t t i f C t t t
? t c ttet I
TO?TTtfR (BAB), A t t f t C t t f C t t lilW:^^ f f f t f l i l C f t f t C t t t
t R t A R C t W t f t t t C A A T t t f t t f c f t s ? W t A A C t ? t
(BAFEDA), t t f f f ?Tftffftt Cf#A t f t l A CAff, t f f l f
f?rft ftf IN5.S>i% 1 t t f t f A T T t f A T t f t C f f t ( f f t c t i b l i l t R t t
ARA tw f?rft W S f t f f t t i C A A 8 % I l i l t fât ? t c t t t Ct,
ATTtfR f t R t f T ^ f t CffAlR (IBCF), TOt ff?f Affts fffft
s t f f t stffMtR? RtRT I
w r f t R f A W t A t C t lilAt W t f t SiffliC t f f l f A T t t C f t RttlT
f t WATO f f tTttCft f f T O W C t f C t f 1f g f g Rtst
C t c t ? C A R t f t f tte? ? I t t f 5 f f ? RCtT W t T , R f t C t I f ,
t R f t f ATttCft W T O ftl%Cf f ^ fftttc? I t t f t f ATttf f f f . t l t b M t t t f t t f t , W t f t t f - ? f t f AtffSiT, C t i t t T t f R t f A s t f f t
C t f AtCt R t 3 t W t A A C t ? f C f W t f t t W t < - R T t t f t f f tte f C t t R f f CWUS f t f f t f t W t f R WWCt? t t t t t t f f t t f t f ATttf
C t f A t 5 f SttA fftee?' lilAt t t f t f A T t t f t t - i i l A tfttlbf f t f t c t t Rftct\i) ftct? f i f f t f f ^ A I W t t lilAt lilftTO f t f A l ^ t
f t ^ t ATttCf? i l f f It w ^ ^ Attic? I f ^ tfct? tttA'tro
W t f t t f t f - a p t t Atftee? I
t t t t t t t f - ^ t c ? ? t f t ^ , t f t R t c t ? e t t t f t , ftt?t w s i f
lilt W t C f t C f t f f l f ATttf AttftCfft ftftct-iilt ftftCAtt
ftfUR ftmtI A o o f t RtCft f f c t ^ t t ^ t t f t f ATttCft Cttt
?f f t?fT tftfAft stfft f R f t t f tfflf ?TTtf l i l f f t fff
ftftCAtt ftf i o , A i 8 , o o C t f t t t f t I \oob R t C f t lilfstf t f 3
?TTtCf? ftt^ f t f let ftCtfb^ AtCC? I
f r o W t A S S>S>i Cftft t t f t f f t . t t t f R t f t t t t C ? ii,Aii.oo liiffttt tcf f tftctet t f f t f AJttl^t

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t m f um bis
w t l f f UttHt uu? tuou?ici tmtf uttuug^ (M*n I n t e n a t l o n a l Institute o f I s l a m i T h o u g h t , L o n d o n a n d
ut<-UUHn UT Us fitt? gt W^^ ?eu c? um? uHuci U S A 1 4 1 6 H ( 1 9 9 5 ) ; (H) S h a h A b d u l H a n n a n , H i s t o i y ,
iu?utcunmu?f, (7fct?ui?uuftuu?tttmtf u<lfH? M e t h o d o l o g y , P r o b l e m a n d P r o s p e c t s of I s l a m i c
utf-uuHn =m Hu utw iHd cum n n^tHu uu? B a n k i n g i n B a n g l a d e s h ( 2 0 0 4 ) ; (b-) H a m u d , S a m i
lilt Hut ?]ttHt c?tvsuu lilt c?cn utf Uf?? uuu ^^lU H a s a n , P r o g r e s s of I s l a m i c B a n l d n g : T h e A s p i r a t i o n s
ciHt: nt u?Hutc? c?un ? ^ uHc u?t?iu u??t? a n d the Realities, I s l a m i c E c o n o m i c S t u d i e s , vol. 2,
uHc uc? I No. 1, FJaJab 1415H ( D e c e m b e r 1994), Islamic R e s e a r c h
cum ur<-uuHn S^?c? t?uf uttmfi? fH?? a n d Traning> I n s t i t u t e , I s l a m i c D e v e l o p m e n t B a n k ,

Hca?? uf?u cum cufftf? w<fHH? itcs ^ i J e d d a h , K S A ; (<s>) M . A z i z u i H u q , I s l a m i c B a n l r i n g i n
uf?U UttHt uc? uc?u f? ? T % ?c? ?sc!H, nHt? B a n g l a d e s h w i t h a b r i e f o v e r v i e w of O p e r a t i o n a l
?tf? ?cu utmccn cutt uttu ?T?ft t??tf tiHc P r o b l e m , A p a p e r P r e s e n t e d at t h e s e m i n a r h e l d a t
?iU3H itc? I t m W T cum wt<-UUHfU S^?c? f n B I B M o n J u n e 24, 1 9 9 6 ; (io) M d . M u z a h l d u l I s l a m ,
?H v8 Sui fit 7 ^ I . I s l a m i c B a n k i n g in B a n g l a d e s h : S u c c e s s , P r o b l e m s
??c?c? Hut ?f%U umft ticuH%'-iii? n H wu a n d Potentialities (in B a n g l a ) , ( 2 0 0 4 ) ; (ii) K h a n , A . R ,

Sci? uu m I t m iSifes ucn b wt?% ?tuf? mH T o w a r d s Identification of the P r o b l e m s of the S h a r i a h -
fc m t?m' Hlc?iuc??- n H f < 2tHc??c? ?U i?, b a s e d C o m m e r c i a l B a n k i n g , D h a k a University J o u r n a l
wik Hntf frin cm ^ c wtîHi Hwt-?tfH H?c? of B u s i n e s s S t u d i e s , vol. 12, N o . 2, D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 1 ;
wtt?uH? nt t?=itc4)? Hit itc tSHtt?ft ? i c ? s mu (J^) D r . M d . A t a u r R a h m a n , I s l a m i c B a n k i n g : A
ut?iH?iui? lii????? Hi t?mn H?st-^c t??tf ?Tt?Ht- C h a l l e n g e to I n t e r e s t - b a s e d . B a n k i n g (in B a n g l a ) ,
n wttfnt il? ?#c itc? i u n p u b l i s h e d ; (i) Farlduddin A h m a d , A n Empirical
ticuH^-n ^Hc fiituum uf citn im Hwt , S t u d y of P e r f o r m a n c e of Islamic B a n k s in B a n g l a d e s h ,

i?rf I ut? f n t i n ?tn wtH? i H t?ucn unt? Sim (2004); ( i 8 ) M . A z l z u H u q (Editor, R e a d i n g s in I s l a m i c
t?uf n?Ht I tic?tH%-n iit u^cm u n u it?, t?uf B a n k i n g , B a g l a d e s h I s l a m i c B a n k e r s A s s o c i a t i o n
Ut?Ht HcS? tw ffiHn u?c?iu? >QcipSt? ust? ?]ttHt (BEBA), 1983 & 1 9 8 4 ; (i<t) M. K a b i r H a s a n P h . D (Chief
Hrc%? I if%u wt^[fn uttHt-n fu?wt wen wtctt E d i t o r ) , T e x t B o o k o n I s l a m i c B a n k i n g , I s l a m i c
uifHHum u?r? "tt itucii tm,mnHm t??tf E c o n o m i c s R e s a r c h B u r e a u ( l E R B ) , J u n e 2 0 0 3 ; (i'b)
?TttHt n H Hen ?f? i?iH Hue? ??, nt u?wf? utf^ M e e z a n B a n k ' s G u i d e to I s l a m i c B a n k i n g , K a r a c h i ,
?i?ft Ititc? wtH-??-1?f?cic? Hci? ?i? U f n mc? P a k i s t a n ; (is) B a n g l a d e s h Bctnk A n n u a l R e p o r t 2 0 0 2
n f n f??^ Sc-Difb f??ici I t??lf UttHt^ WtHi 2 0 0 3 ; (ib-) S c h e d u l e d B a n k s S t a t i s t i c s : B a n g l a d e s h
fHmnw?uHit?i B a n k , J a n . - M a r c h , 2 0 0 3 ; (ife) Bangladesh Bank
i f i # ? (i) A u s a f , A h m a d , D e v e l o p m e n t a n d P r o b l e m s E c o n o m i c T r a n d s , A p r i l 2 0 0 3 ; (ô) A n n u a l R e p o r t s of
of I s l a m i c B a n k s , I s l a m i c R e s e a r c h s a n d TValning I s l a m i c B a n k s o p e r a t i n g i n B a n g l a d e s h ; (î) Islamic
Institute, I s l a m i c D e v e l o p m e n t B a n k , J a d d a h , S a u d i Bank 18 y e a r of p r o g r e s s , p u b l i s h e d b y I B B L ; (^^)
A r a b i a , 1 4 0 7 / 1 9 8 7 ; {i) Dr. M a h m o o d A h m a d , "Scope The B a n k Companies Act-1991; (^) B a n k Parikrama-
for M i c r o E n t e r p r i s e D e v e l o p m n e t in Bangladesh A Journal of the Bangladesh Instltiute of Bank
u n d e r I s l a m i c F i n a n c e " , J o u r n a l of I s l a m i c B a n k i n g Management, Sept.-December, 1989; (i8) IBBL
& Finance, vol. 15, No. 1, The Association of M e m o r a n d u m & A r i c a l e s of A s s o c i a t i o n ; (id) BANK
International Islamic B a n k s , Karachi (Asian Region), WATCH, N e w York, J a n . 30, 1 9 9 8 ; (ib) Bankers'
J a n - M a r . 1998; ( ) ArifF M o h a m m a d , I s l a m i c B a n k i n g Almanac, UK, Jan. (C!,s) U l Wl?fT Um, tntf
1999;
(1988); (8) Abdur Raqulb, Islamic Banking in ^sNfH li? *<c*m, m-mf? n m , mt côo^^ (^^b-)
8
B a n g l a d e s h : P r o s p e q t s & P r o b l e m s (2004); (ft) A h m a d ,

cmtn mft um. t?uf nti ?J?^, C ? ^ ifu i^
A b u U m a r F a r u q , P r o b l e m s of I s l a m i c B a n k i n g in
tmiii ??t1? n UtUCffi; (C!,&) S u d l n H a r o n & B a l a
B a n g l a d e s h ( U n p u b l i s h e d article 2 0 0 3 ) ; (b) M. Umar
S h a n m u g a m , Islamic B a n k i n g System, Concepts &
hapra, Islam and the Economic Challenge, The
Applications, p e l a n d u k Publications Malaysia.
~ :r Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya and the
cuimwtûm
t m f H9c?n
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\^^\^ (Organisation of Islamic mfifiien imn ^û ie 1 fcmf? i f ^ Sim ifti,

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Contents
f t t f tAt f t f f t wsm^ f t ^ f ^ f s t ^ t w t t f t f t f I liR? WtTttT CWm RACAtfft tf^Jttfftt liR? W f S W f M R t f R

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C f f t t f ^C 8 RTf tt^ CWMt W # fftt tfftf t A A ^
tftCftFTt A t I tfftf t A A ^ tft R C t f C t t f t f t t C f C 3 F t t f
t f t f C t f C t ^ ^ i t f f 'îttt AT f t t W f R l M A t I l i t f t t iSft
C W t t C t f M f t f f t t A f I CfCaiJttf CWttCtCft W f C t t t t RfCtCt^
W J C B ^ f f ^ I W t M t t RtCfR i o A R? W f C 6 5 C t t RCSf Rtl
f r o F f t W t R A f t f t R C W a M f t t A t I ^SWttfRt ttCWt
t t f f t t ifetS RtCft i C f f t t f lilt f t t W t M ? C t Ctfwfi'g^
WfCtffR^ lilt t t t c f t WtTt R t M 1
f t f A t 1 ^fiWttff f t c t t r o R t t t t M fttTtCft ATTtf AitCttt
f f f o I R t C t t f ^ W f C 5 5 C t ^ S W t M t f t ft^ 13 fcttT liR? ( v 5 ) R t r o t R f B t t f t WltM atttt f f f f t f f f f t f t I
f t f T t t S f f C A t f t s f t W t M t f t f t tT f t f f t t f f f f f f t t f t f f I b t l f C t t l i l t t f t M t tfttlCA I l i t f f f M f t i t b t f t i t
At I t r t t f tr^ wte? ctespîf cwtfctcft F f t w t f A f t f t ftt i
R t f t f ^ g ( i ) R W t R f : A t RCtT t R f t f i ^ , f ? A l f ( 8 ) tfftf W t S W t M Wftff S RtRT CfftsM RCtT Ct
atfit S f t t R t t t I (A) R t R I C^tfRCAt R C t T t T t t M C f t t t?et? w t ^ t t R f f f t w t f c t t = t l i l t s w i t f f Rte^ft
RACttffrftt, C t t s M R t R t f W f , W l t t f f f , Rft^M', t f ^ l M f t t t f f f tttT tftt f M cttt l i t wfttfet fw I
t f f t f fftCfR
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Contents
t n i f MCWT MSF
,T
L-B-IS) WTFTF IS)b-1

wm-fff iHit ; (;^) ftf w< iHft ; (vo) W<fH, ItfH vg tmf i t mcin
ntw Hiw tntf isHn; ( 8 ) t?wiHi mHlH mitHm
il " cwm ivo-ift m iS)io
^SrtHt iHH ; (ft) wltiHl -a uHHji nntHm WSt m f
11" ift-ib- Hem is.io
iHH nt ("b) i i ItfH H m M%t iHH i H m
iHHsH W wtHitci? i t vawHH? cnH m m mtl^ vol " cwm I S . CT - 8 m iS.11
8^ " mii# 18-1'!5MIS.1vo
iHim I nt s ( 1 ) tntf iSimHi; (i) wti-fff iHi;
fti " LI-lft m i^'is
( 1 ) tntf (mnfn wu iHitiJfi Hiw wiHi vs fmHi cwm
b-t " i i - i f t ^fit is>ift
imit vs Hfwf cig ; ( 1 ) t m f t H m , Ht?r fHT <flit tfiff
11 " i i - i f t n ii>b
mtfHi wu imit C 1 5 ; () itHlH, ^ i Htwt vs i m m Hciif
Iri " i i - i 8 CT i S . 1 1
wu tntf .cig ; (5) Hm, stfH; vs S^?w<) wu tntlw mm?
J>1 " 1 8 - l b - vijfSfl i S l b -
*i>lScvi,ti; ( 1 ) t m f Hwti wu ; (w)ilHfwji5%u?t?
ioi" n w (Hi) BR-ii n is><is>
wu tntf cig; ( I f ) wl^fwtHi tntf i H n ; ( v * ) tntf tmum
III" I1-11 n Si>BRO
v ^ H m wu t n t f f i n ; (t) t m f witim ( H n ) uim
v f l n w f ; (i) t m f cimtHi Hm i H m itSHi vs ^s)
ILI" i-ft m i ^ b - i
ivoi" Huf i i - i v b mi^ is>b-i
vmtwtfn t m f wtti i H n I mi
I8I" v j j - i o Hem istrvo
v s w i t H - i m vs ScMT itrnnm itm n iHmm IFTI" mtu iir-i.^ Hem i S b - 8
wu mtm 'iH stHfi vg TF%F FV5 fntci I v i l t v s H IVBI" nw (mi) vb-S. WIFLF iS>lnb
Hnti s tu mf fiHi n i l f n im^ ifen 8H Heii
I.. t n t f S ^ u t ^ i wHemm5Hii i i n mHem tmuun II-IB-wtfrtf,
1 1 mtsfwtHis t m f mtm mtft i ISB-o, H f l mHem m t m n i i - i i ^^mt, isb-o, f f i
vo I itHwr, Ht?r vg I U HHim wu tntf C5m i mHcm nw (Hi) nfe IBR-io cictn, si>BRO nt IFT
8 I tnrf ^ mtff i cictn istro I t c i HStiei u f f ^ mf uf<' mHcm i HH^
fti t m f wtmf mtHu v i i p f f f i t u n I mtwtHu mtfti Seufci vamtH mensH ciHitm mteuwi
h I tntf Hfwf mtapf^, ^?wtHi nt Utffn mtff i mm I s i>BRO f. cwnrni, ISB-i j. uiHei, ISBRI cun
(I) vswttH? i n t c Q i n f mt Hun U1U5 n "mmf, is>BRI memo v f l t nen ciHUm mteuwi uu n I
ttnf VGTFUF^J mvaifntf u n m mtmi? lew is>BRI >amtH nem
( 1 ) vawttH iHmm cwm mif i cwm nt c?rtr ciHun, S ^ n f i ciivsHte f t i m VA 5 ( % r .iit ^
miH ^ t iHmraH ffini fun u m i u'Sf limifen .flmtei mw uHm Hn imei mteitm n I
'mtacn m m v f l t uwsftmti vsmttHn m uHucn i mtH temiemt HiHwt i H u t TtHmen u m c U i t c U i
vswltH-i i n cusFtf cwucn Hen umHm cttf i H f i#?rre$ i Hei mturiHt Suf itcei:ftHi I vamtH
mrm^m-mm i is.io f HH uHfmmi um i is>ivo ^ . nt I C H wfHiti S ^ itatn Ut iHienmiHt cuueui
lit m Hem u ^ i m Hien itm fUf, i t s i f t f cmitcn uHu uHuei (U^rHi miiHi, II wtftf, is.b-<i) i
\5s 'wtn'i-utfi un nt % HSRHîi? u f i u f i i n tiitf f i mem s is>io men u u uei cwm
vs.mt.H.-i n m cicig^ cwuen iten UumHm i m ilHfHis 1 1 itu t n t f mem m t f t wn Heivs m t e
i f Uet C l H ut?^m uuf I m # t m f f i lemnt t m f mem m t f t ^ i n f i
vawitfm-i^Jûif^ mem Hmtn i U uu m i i i cie^, is>.!5S> i t e i mrei

timrf fimem fR mHi/mr Hiti cueSei iem n nt ift cictn cii n i memr
i n tnrf f i i e m u m n-ift cictn isx^s. u e m ien iie?r t m f .^cmi nt H^n uf citm itcHi i
Hfl " " " Item m iHHHi TjH cit Hn mtft n i mi-fumn m t m
11-18 CîÛf ihHS
"cmiu n e i utm? u^n i w f n n n t ium Hf^
it U " (vo s i o v o ) r
ffi " " " im
v f l t i n t m f f l icmm Hci? ift H ffHi nen
^ft-lb- W i f l t f IS.b-I
UFI"" " " mtutur IVJJ-io wiftf is.b-8 i ^ m vs mm i i m i cuim mn i cuntimf ciiifn
iui " " " fn U I g miuHmi, miHffu, m%f 'mm, HH, ternnHu,
tntf Hiem
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Contents
tmft mem mtfj
t?m, wim, fe?p5, cnrni, ilie#mt, uH, nem, citfwtfnt, "fi^n Siff mlim, i?m stm nt.iff?Hii
ittewfiit, ttfimi, f i f i i t , itm^ 'mtn mtftit, cieiiti, cmm. o-c??,c?, t??t*ff ^rem? i n t ewmeien, fifii
mm, cmtiffiit, fnf, ifwi mm, m n atwt^f, m vfnt ifiai f t i v s f i ? - S i ? iiH fit? it?ei ifiai ftnfi? i ^
f^Sfifiit I iiciw ftitei fi-flis (fiHftfifi^mtft) citim Mitj ?wt nt cit ftn mtn ste?i ?^ ifim wm ifiai
mm I Iflt memm ci i m cien if^fifi citim ifntficn, ?if? ihbH <{. f^ mft fimtmf mtfie m Hi i
fmen leu fmm Seiicitu u f ^ flcn m*^ 'mmen i m? ?:'?mfi?t mtfiefli I .
m m m m i , t m n m w m fim m m f , witen "fsmt iitm emit ien, iiten i?m <3 w?ii
I t i m ^ Itn, fe?ten mtfti I t m i t f i i , miHHm ostfics^ cwîtcn lift? iJvsj<i f 'j^mfm Hif n cm m m
mmft mtf'^fifi, nem mim Itm, itHmen cific^ 2tTflTm-^f?C fFttllf J
mnt m n t citfimfim cifius^fimmti-itm i nem
"iitm fie^ m m m , fiei? if?m sptm, citHn
mimmcmSeitnisen i iHgitifwfi-mtii'm mmffen
mf^teitcn mtm i f Siff fifn cmsfm f f t mtmi tSfin, -jeti nt itfi? fsmllci cw?nten ?lf? ift
ifim ffi mr3. i i ^ mfm cn i cii fii fifii cn -flt tnten ^nmtften if? imei? i i t He?nt ifie n t vflt
mcin ite fc? item i fiHm ^ tmen mt fienmei ?if? fH'? lewj m i icBtt mrtm wm mfcmi if?eei i
Seîemu I fifim cmi m ciâm m i imm mm fifim "ifevfca % ^^c mfif mm vfntm m iHm mm nt
fttifm imi Hi m I t m menen mtitc? mnsfi i C'5t?'iici^c4 ffwi ifim ?f?f ^c fi? itfim wm
mcmiic?, cit i i ^ fai umt i fltitsteitmiewi wtfiit? fimim if?n nt wtfit? mmi ifiien mtitcn
cmiitn fin i t e i i iH. ti<il*fi I'fit m i m fmen: will-i?m l f ? t n
SHTÎ
mm emit s mm emit fn i^t ? fintien m1^
Hitit mmen iem iftt nemm fit? fH i -flt "if?fff? m?im i H Hemt i m ?îm, n m
mem -flt 3m i i f i iHm n t tnrn fie#^ mirtfmim, stm vg 2iffiHil wifmn vg mtf?itn mt^wffn mstitcn
Mim mf<-iiiifwi ftremi, mm c i f ^ i m wtf? i ^ f ^ m nem iH, fiei? i ^ HiitH ?wmutitn mfii?
m i f i i t i mfimft, mm mtmeii fim^ itm n t w t f ^ t i
mfm^fi ifîfcn iH, mtiHi ifmei-wn iHei?
m ,
mS?im ff mrm mfim mfif mm ^tc
citl I f i m f i m , I t f m I t f i ffieiiHH ftite? fimfS imtitn
ffH vg lewi? i H f7 mtft i i t i ?s^ n t fifim w ? i e l ? timîei mm ifim i&ir?^ cutiti cwt?m iHc mt^m
mfi vg m?Ttfmi ?m if^îtff i H m Semeir fHm, wt?tteen I ^ -=-r y.
mnffim, ^???itt?m Si? i f f ^ ' i m m v^Hij vg mfm "fififen.mtmm3^?ifi vflt mem fiHff wiiei?
it?wei? f^ mtiw i i t i i? cittf^ wi mtf mfim, m^ i H f<f nH emit ifiesei nt miten ,i mfim fia^m
vg S^f? fim? mtitm mil itm fie^ itH. vg ^^rgf vg miten wtf? mf?m mtiten i H f< nemfim? mtmr
fif% ifim ieuttei ftti ifim ^ i emit if?eei fieei i" v i t mewn v i n H SeSlemir fii fli P. L. G.
- v n n c f n ff^ mtm ufieei cit mtsfliei Hfi^ficn
n t tmmen fnf? fim? Si? fHfi mlt?fi, 'Zi^sHi,
mttffi v n t m m f ^ cweat ititiHi mtm vg i f i ^ neitfim mtat wtf? ff%? mtitm ftfte? min'n<? i m i vflt
^ icwj i?it?m^':i?m meitm iHen I lenen mm "fliH fpi f l ? vflt n, vflt leneit fim^ 'Jf
flten ?m cm Hem? cm fiei wtfmt?T nen f H n n, f< iciin? f i ^ i v a i i i i c i ? m^ra?m*fei mimmH
vg Sefijei mrie? mfim m'isffn fimim if^5ttf 1 1 , v m
wm ltd meit i??it imtn ??iii w# ite? i v^t i e m
Site? tmt vflt ficmiH iif%f^tei fftit iHen i cm ii ci't^ n citl cmm mw? ien Hfim, itfim?,
immi ififfH vnt mtifw^'i-mmmt? Si? mtift wm wfm, 'mtn mtftit, tHfaim, mm, l i l i ? i ? f#im mfit?,
mimi ftrtimg^ - a t iciii emit if?eei s "ifevij^ mm mtimrni n t .i?em tif^mî irf^ iffiHii i cfi
l i m i ^ mfêmel? mtm fme? ifiai mifw^î-mtim cmm fififften irsfH Smen m?mtei- ni? im i? i
c? mtn wf mn im itmei, nte fie^ na citH tf?Hm fmtien mf?m mtitei? iHvg nt*4tt'iiti
ftntiei if? citei f i i f ^ ie? vii?^ t i m n, n,imn I
?t?f lesH mfiffen ifiai cwntcn lift? mi-fn m vflt t m f f i menen I f l i H fsiwn f i i vflt fn n ,
ifim t i m ^ '2mm ifiai f t n f n c? wfmn ifniei t m n t f?^ mew? cmim im mef^s m&m mitn
vflit mn ntew? vfliH m ifiai ften c? mimiftfii niifcn i iflt 'af^ nivg ti?t%m ie^ fiiesn
limei im imiteui Se^swm ^ n t fie^ frfii wiien
iem if? wiem fH if??tcn if?e mf n mt i [ S i f i i mtim (ijtitfw?) v^sn^
mtiit, fSero i>9trv5 i t i ] i
t m f fiiem
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Contents
îs>
H f m t m t f f f m n m ? bs.<\8 mtim? c ^ ^ i f mtw c i f c f 11 m w f i f ^ iffiH ?? mtifwfim cifie^ m ^ u f
(11 itc 1 8 ) I t e i t n f ? f ? t m t f f ? m e m m*[Hs i ? i f f i f e n ( I t m f mif fiH'?-f?) cifi fimm mteue??
8 f 5 f # i i n ? lilt f i mew? c?t??m m i t ? t i e?t??m ScteiT m t Tti m m ? i
m ? ? n m 1 i ? t n 1 ?t??te?? liit mew? ^smttf?? ???j ?? f i f ? t ? i t f f ? m e w ? i ? i f ? m e w ? cui?l??nf
? t m I 2 f ? n ?tsmie?? m e w ? c?t??m ?sHe m f f f % c ? i i ^ m f i ^ U 3 t , m t m ci^, ut??, ? u e ? m ? , u H u ^
mt^ m I ?sm? ??vs ?iHi'i ?t?mte??ei f f t c?? ?lt i f i H fimtS c u i m m m i iflt m e w n c m m f n ? i ?m i
?t!,?te?? f t t t?m lilt mi%? ?i^ m n , i t H m ? m ? u ? H ? m t f n f i f i f ? ^ mi?-f?? mmfi i f ? H ?
?t?mte?e?? ?t?i f m ? m i H e ? ?t?mte?? f H m n m # f?e^ m i t i f n S ^ mmei m c i i c n msi s u f f < c m u

f i mew? c?f??m f i e m n m i ?ttme?t cs^mtft liit f n I w i ^ f ? H ? n i t i f i ? c U i , ufigr s m w t ? m f s
c?m?tmm I liit c?m?m 8 i r ? % ?? m m c i m f f ? n ? m u f i m f5m-mm ^ ii-i?ff u H ? ? # m w u uimHtHu,
t ? m f mew?? c?ciiit5t31 cmte?? m - f i t f m ?(Hm ??m fi??, f c m s , f i f i u , i t f i m , miSf m n ? ? , e m i t ? mn??
? % ? f itc mm? m??? ie?? <imtmsmte?tci mt^îtf?mm mrfuci m t u i f l u H ufiH^s ? ^ i u i ? i i ? ? f ?ne??

m?^? mm? i wm? f i t f ^ c i m t f u m T f ? mm? i time?? t n t f i f i m H H ?? t i i t f ceiie?^ ?? <flt f s m t
mme? fH mm? m?mfi?5e?? n aie?|? w s i t n ?e??, "mmm n I
lilt ?Tt?tn i ? S^jfi^ m?mH I mt?m m t mtme?? liit mew? i t e m c u ? u 8meimm#flf? t m f f i m e w ?
cm??m m ? n I lilt f ??f%we? m?mte?temM3 m n mm mfiF? f i . lfl?. v 3 . l i vsviittfi? 8H m ? u ui:^? ?0im, n m i m
mfimm?jtmftfi??ti:?mHIteufimtm ?sti5fm??m V3 iffiHi? c U i m m m i i i u m w i f t u n c u m ? ie??
??? mtfi?tei i" wm? f i t f ? liit mt?a? iim mew? m?te?e?? 'mm f i , u f i m " m m m t i - t m f , f ' m m "mtm mti-
cm??te?? mtmt? mfime?? f f H ?tfc?ei n i f ite t m f ntmtf^vg^ c i m i i
i f n mt I ?i? m t i t m Sf^ n , mtme?? ?tir?fi?tntit
Item c u ? m f"f f i ? ? i 8 t n t f n i m t f t i f n ?
i?? m lam i % i e w ? cm.?m i f ? n m, i? t ? i t f f i
?t?m,'?im, i ? m atm i f f i H i i iflt c m u i f i e s e n s
mew?? i w ite mt m??jfifit iii?sH ^vsm f i i ? i i
( i ) m i t c n f ? fiftm n , f t f i i w ? i ? m u e n u m ?
c^^mtf ^îmfm mcig ?fem itc m t m??? mc?? i <iit
f i m n u e B m ?mn mt??; n t t i i t f w m m mtiH, i f
f i i e n c?m fie?? fe?e? (em%) i??^ ?lt i m i mtm
U f c n f f t u , mf m t u i f f , fie? ? m t ite
mtm-mtim mtm-wtfi? i i??jm fie?? c?mmc?? i??i ? f ,
n t ^5f? mfime?? f ? ? ^ itite?? t i U n f u m ff?
cmtmfim i ? ? t | i f , mtifwfim i ? ? t | ?M?t?e?? ^>i
S i ? ff%fi I
iii?sw? m i f , c?nitm f i . i i n . vs.-iii? i^^w? ifHH n t
(1) iflfiu, m ^ m m t l m e i f i m w ? i n ? u u f w i
tmmtf f ? m e w n ciciZFttf cwme?? w m mn? m - f i t f i
V3 m<t?Hi n t ' J f i f ? w i f i f n m ^ mwn? i 9 i i ^
m bi-bfl- fifiet i??n mtme?ei? i m ?lt c i i # i f a
m mtiu n t r n m c m u if?eH i
?ime?? mci iiten memmt m i ? i liit f i i e n c?m (lo) m f ? m v 3 mtuHfi fHme?? 1Hes HîtH Hf%i?e?
i w m liiittm i<to f i f i t liit i i m t ?tm mtmi-memm titen ieutt, tntc^t? f f u f u n m u ? m f i t t f e n
?se?? I i ? i2Fm m H i f m o-i(t fifieS m?me?ei? i??^ i m t f i m V3 n e ? t t m m u f i u m i f ? m ctm fitcn
i f :s ? i m cite?? n t e6m f i i e n iffif?en mci ntîfiu I
mtmi-mtcimt m i ? i liit t ? ^ m m f ? b-i(t i # um i <iit (8)" f t f i i c ? i 8 f i ? m u m mtiH ^ it?w?, m e m
2?^^ C i ? i^sm mtei mtei iflt i?:i? s w? m?ij itcim m f m m â mtt#ti mim? i H m m i i i i , liiei meu?
u H m m I ? m c?miif?mmm?fim c?e?? i w m f i t f n mr3f? ?Ttim l a c w i u i u , mft m t m i t m iil^f'f
m w ? ??u mem m??ei!t i ? ftUe?? i?me?? mm f i i e n S u n f i e w e n i i r m f i e m ? f i t i n i n t n u n ?tt is?,
c? ? ^ t ? j l f ' n k i n m ? m f f i m e ^ mU c i i ?mt i ? i f i H i n i s H ? f i e u e ? e*u â m ? i f t i l f i f ^ i r n m t
i2Fm mmm. itc?fiu ?ni?, u m mtt? iHmm? iimtf? f i t c n i t u I
n t m e m fiim? itft? c?fcm? n iue?ei itfimn? (a-) ufctt?? fc^ t??l*f=i f u m f 'mt?? n i i f c i ?
i m i f i?fi?5m m t f u?mniei itfimen f f H u f i f i f f e n ifeu? m e m m u "mt?? iesti? f ? ^ f <
u e n i U c m u msm i i t f i m e n f f f ? i ? t t m n t f f n t n t c i t iHiwe? f # i i mtif? i H tuen uItl?
f u ? f f H c m u mm i itfimen f f H c m m mtei mtei f f H wi?itcei I
u ? i t n i ??m? f i f ? t?mrf f < mew? c u i u e n 9ms (P) f t f i i c i i i f n I C U n t m m n c u f i t m
c m u mm i i f i m mme? i m ? f c i i ufwi? ? i u e n l f l i f i ^ vg mfi n c u f i m ff%? ? T t i m t n t H i
t f i f f f Itew? i H f f H i
t m f fiiem
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Contents
boo
martrm w m iRffl i ^ i M i H t ifnt tmf cmtf ( 8 ) S^?mf? c?i?fci? iTffi mmen Si? mmen
ifumnsCi) 'mmmf, m wtmm fimff n t m t m mrm:m wfim f?f%i?? i
mCT,mfm mm? m m ? f i ?f m i m mr tpf iSi (ft) S^?mf? c?i?f; ite ?m f?j ^ f ^ v w H wmf^
m f 1? (mmt mtmi ii<f i ^ m i|? im I
(1) 'mi?? c m i i m n ^ f f i S m e ? ? m j i ? S i t C T (vjs) f?fi? c?i?fci? ?em if?mf?i w'jit?fi miemfim
sjef vg u s t f m t ? T m SfU I v g m tiH^mr.i

(i) fififf mttn ii<f arfstrwrnmntmf ?imi Sif?Wmwjw#mmjwtiHfH?rr, fin, fc?, fifim,
sn u? Hcsfcn mir fimen mfim mfen ficwcnt i iffim?, mr*^ 'win, c?niti 'win wifmei ?tm
(?) fiHff m??ei mten f f wrU? mfim ftp?) it? l vfliH ifiH i ^ im n I ifiH wfemnt-i?te?tnt ifin-
' {m?it ??imj ???ji? m m n t ffim f%fn ftff mi% Hfm if?m vsiiH fitfiimtit in? ifie? n t mm i??f
i??l| ?ff ?ew? C i i ifie? i f ? mewt ci? ivg^rm n
() wfgwtfn ??iw, fien ifnr ?rmr 'Ifififf men ?emt c?c*i3if ontemm wi?m? vfit ifiH? wfUmn
fim?? ie^ mf%mif 4tiiilfi=i, fififf mie?? S n cwm? wgfi ite itc? I
I C W ? Siff mmi, ?tim iff?Hi? cw?mie??,
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cwt f?? ?rf=twj fifi?? ff? i?? im I
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Contents
t m i f mem mtft
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Contents
WTttCt? W t t c t ? W t t t - W t ? t W t tt?1?Ct? W ? I WTR?T f f t t t f f CtV3f t % lilt fWAfffCf w t t f A f f t f t C f t f t t C t t t

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Rtfrm? f f t tttt? I iift^tct W t t t C t t rotctt f t 9 ftf^, wtfftft^ttCf liltt T t f t t , W t ^ f t S W t f f t f f ? ^S t f f t f tf?^
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mi. Gluten 4|Hf ?l Î^bl? tmv|Jf1<' viHti^vsW ^Hm Itm? i ? i l i ? wiiei? Hwen wu, wuten w?m
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c?^?t Htf tit? cit? Hew ?f?t fft i?tei w i i ? i fut? iH wreut if?? I
fuu ^t? if? I fim ^t? if? t i ? l r i mi ^ m? i f i ! ^ tnmfii ncufim, f??fim vg fHute?? St? ff%fi
?tU?t ftf??#tc? Wtf1t? 1?? It?? if?cci I cwf5f??ctw wit?fi m i fiitei? cuti-um? wu wtiu m c i wtim
wtemi, WT?? f ? mi wftittcwi? w? wtipit? tSHft? wtiitcH mte fiegif . f l i t Sgnfi vg iHg ciisfi?
n? vs ftf? stf fi?m wtm wnte?? wtft ^ wtf?i nt? i u m fimt t??eu? wtim wmm itttc uH ifl?t uue
if?cfi m i f? fiet? ci?fi? ift wfitei? f4 itif f??li itite ttH f n w1t?fi ?jim. m uu vg i t ^ ?
afif? if?ef| I S i ? H f % f i ^ n v n t U U ^[fû tm?i?m '&iHe?fii
wrf? fiut^ ^ w??ei? wfiii? 8 wtifc?? w??? fitc?? cmiHt U f m f 8 i - i t vg imr? fu?e? wim ititc? v n t
Htrei? if W f i mi ffiut? vs '&#ii? tf fic?fiii? i v^ m tmii? ciei? men f^ ?j?m miten wtifî
mw ?k?? t m f '&feir? if iite?? wifieT? i i t Spi fipu isfim wu wmr wmen m H i S ^ cifiiei
Wf?1?e?? t? wim wtue?? f?? vg mw ?k? 'fl?t fiet? milt i^f^fuo? r?imf'f ifim ffi? i ifH wit fiew?
iff? vg ciiifcn ift wr?re?? m i S^?e? wrrni? fir? irfHi men uiefi wfimf ifl?ttm ff f??3el?wfim
'fl?t ?iffaii (i^-vfl? f m ?'?t tfiutfi itit? wu wnrei? cit c?i m i vflt ft? i H wtiu wtmt wruen uitt?
f u I t i c n fuu?r u? iHefi 1 wmr v^t fi?c? Sif c?, nH I
iT vg n p p fiw? vi?t ffim vg iif%? tut ic#3i iji?tf^ r fiwr itff^ 8 ^ren wjim ien fimen wu
Wf? tut t m f Sm-? i m , iff% vg fiutm fif^?? Iflltn ?su I tmen viit ft? i H f i i f i ftn iHm wmr
ti I cmu if?eH, wm?m fi?w?m fciteBn u itr tis
wtiu wfuen vflt wrmm? cmu f?efi ci, wrf? wtiu fim ? T r t i fu?ten wu timen ncuf it? 'fl?t
fu? fff? i m vflit um f?f%? n? wwcn wu wnu fiwr iffifitiei tntfnei? n e w t i ^ i f f ifn v f l i t
fiimcn I C U fuft (tUff) t?rf? mfi wffien if^ wtgHi fim liteitii fim ie^ ie^ fifii fumfi?
if?? vii?t w?f?en m cweai viit f f ? i?ii mlfii 'wtliien twfm ^ lenitci SniH if?? i
iHu f f i ? I tm I C I ififi mm icu itif f u f r itu fim-itff? cweai wtiten iuiîeuttei nfi if?m
Sfk? vflit win wtm vg fiei i^c w miten wu wnu wmten if?pH cmu if?eH i m?vg cmu
fiewen itw tHutm? iT?i?re? wtiiii iHe ttfie? i iHcH, fifi? Smi-ci v^m?^ iu, miten itffei iti
wun wrmt-wtcitHt 'fl?t i fifiien fcui uen wu I U , t?fi vsei? f i i t i ititu t?fi w?w? cmi if?m wu
fifii will iii?t miten tff?ifcn itcui irn?? S^?en vflit wmen f?ntwci w^tim itc vii?t muen wlt?fi
luuu cutt wmr if?? I wtiu ftuue? fiirft wMn fim wfHm fcui itm muenei ii7 iHm usif ^te
vfl?t ?iff?iti (i)-vfl? fjiic? wfii uu tfiutfi mufim ?wr? wu wmt wmten ?i vgfeu? i f ^ mew mut? i
vfl?t m? ntu it?wi i m wmen f u itie?i? i u nr^ tnten f H vg wiiici, tm c#n vg i?^fei tntf mw
if?ef|i viitie? wnu Ufcn wfim, mfim vntwtfiu? cutt ffim i m im .flit tnten fimt v^fu, t m
iciiiwiif^ ififael wfUen f u tm cmu iH;f| i fiPtf? wtutfm if^, t?fi ftremi wiiH, ffim iffi;?
fitu ifwi wf&m c?irc?t ffim vg mff? m m i t n cwcai tmen wfu wtemii fHm ?f?m iemwfum i H
iftu U f i , Tu i f ^ iHu ffiu ?f?m wu fH;, mftim i f ? mft ftn if?u lit IWI wwcn wu tnfi^ vg wmten
t m f fitem
t.H.ft/b-o
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Contents
W)8
m t i i i ^ m c i ? cwm m m t i t u m f n >iiniPti utm wtiu ? 5 u m ? mj'i-'wtitft? wtm? itei itf?f wtmt,

f^sff^ I w t i t m w m timtft fH wtuenci fmmfi-fit?^tei? Si? atffl u^, wmci?
m n itc m f ?
Rstif ? vg HcstTfRs f w m Sc^^cn mrnici t i m i f i m ? ? cuttci mmeu? 7fffet cut i i ? n t wmrcim
n t m t m f?f^ c w i fi??t?c?? f S ^ i t m ^(?f??jfi?mc?? msiiimi-mm #?? miei? cfHi-m i m I
m t m???5? C5tt-mf??t? wr??t ifmai e m i t 4f?cf6> i tut Hm nr cmu I fii?, wttîffusm, t m fiHm
mt??t mfms ifjff% fmjsfi, tmiftm? fi?? mme? ?ifi?t mt?tc?? itfr mH vsirH ftfii ciei? mlim, i?mfitmva ifHHii
i m t mtm? i r n ? f f n t iime?? S i f ^ n t ciftr ^ m vflt cmm mw? I C ? ? (mm cmu, wfm, wffr wtm;
i f e i mmte?? m ^ ?ii i i i ? if%ff i m mr?ie?? H5ff%?m i i b - i fgtcm mtiictici? u%ft fi?ti 'ii ntfi) i
i m i r ??3te, i f ? m Se5feij mt?re?? i r ? m f n mie?tfir pf^tiitf fimeii? 8 uf^ tntf fimcn? m^l
41^51? m n i f k m mfe? i w i t % , fff?^ "i? ??em ?m? l i t itmtutim (Uul-uwt'); is>br8 mtei?
ivb wffitHû 1? nt Ci? 1? Io wtfffff I tm vit icnc?
>tRbi?fi?> it?r?i? ^ ?j ? ? ? ? ! i 2 i f t m ?f%?r ffie mrsmr
meet i t ? I cum? I C ? mft r w t u i t f i s F f e ? ? n u i? uf? um?
t ? m t f m e n ? mtft s t ? i l f men? mttt iftm ?i. wtiuHsm^ cuim iHc uc? mt i siH cn vflt icnc?
fimcs? m t mr??t mfft? mesf 'sr?? i f ? i mttf? ^3Fn?m cuim I C ? I i c m ?fitirttm? iff i t i t c ? W5|Hi? imcn?
miif, mtswifn Ufe? f # m iêij? s r i t i va tife?? i f m i -Semut I C ? ? u%ft 'wf?e?? ?t?m I t l ? I wrfit? ntifu?
i?eiftra ii^teit Hite? t m 5^ f i i t i m n t m if i w r cic?w u ftm, vswftH i i t i f u ? inft? itf%, 'wf?? fci?
nmfu? m f fimft, Smif? ncufim i f i u m ? (cwHH)
?tfi?t n t vflt mtft ^te m?jl?T iHtre?? f i t n t vflt l ^ m f r ^
ifcst? lewj n f i i < i m mm f?n?? m t m ? Hie?? ntifu? 'wtijm fiitm nt fivfli^ cuuium tmfi? wrmt
Semift w#fei Siff flcni
f i e i T j f t i t iH?t mtite?? vfit mtff mtite rm S i ? m f ^
m t f i f i m iHe ite?, vstwu t i t e i S i f ^ iff n t file?? fiswsff^ itu lenci ffr fi?? i? i m
i l f ^ mi' va S i i ? i ?t?r ?f?i i ^ m Sefeii mm?r mme?? m i i t m t f file?? I I U i? ffi uHm i? i5 wTfirH,
m t f n iieitfir ire?? ?t?t il?efit t i m t f i i mfifHH iisirs fii? wtm i m i? it ie? i fifi? cifie% wtim.
cif^c? fii?ei vswftfie ftm iici? wu im? Smti?
i?a, w f i - f ? i i t Q lt vflt I t f m m u t u i t i t i w n t
ifiei mene? f f fist w i? i Sue i?em viiiH wtciim
tite?? m t i u fiitci? ifva wf??f wtifei? i t f i i m i l ? emir
iftt^cii I C ? 8 i5b-i vswftH f ? mene? vflit i5vi %
i % H I mtef? ? m c m m , fif^ C1135 i i c ? t f i m i f ? i ?
^ vflit w t ^ w t f n cweat mf%H f f i i t ?Pi^? i m mewi OF? ium? wm? f ? mew? 'jtl lumi mtaFt^ sm^
Itt!? SesrCi]? ifl m O T f ^ f ?1?f? wt^^fifn â wts2i?it? ' iiieij fii? nH I H P T vswttHc m^sm itc? i imH if
t n t f f I t f t mtik?? if n H m i ? cifi ifjff w m t 1? 1 e? fim? i f f ? im-^c mf 1 ? mt I
emir if?efi I wri?t f^fe? wfitc?? mtft? ftf w m e ^ m?m mum? Semif mei? i? nem ?r?m m m
ift m O T f f n t i i m i u t ^ wit?-f?fi? ift m i f i i vewttfi? f? cnmn ftUe? Ufifm? m i leg? i icnc?
??, fiet? f?f^ ciei? vfli? cimift tntfii mtft â mtiki? 4JH fieuf ftitn im i? i f?eif5H fn s vswttfi? mtm
if nfci? ifjfH cmiT if?efi i imei ?r?m mum? fieut; m?m utue?? cnt wim-f f?
wiiei? if^ 8 wtiu wmte?? miei? if wte?n IfiH? Hcift; fifi? cific^ cif^c?? c?u Smif? msit
vstiiltc^fl, WIIICI? Hm; i f ^ flRtl-i' mewT ficvstcn i f ^ ?ew 5 nem t m f itf% ifift? Hcift; itfimen cifie^
mtl iHm wu wtue?? i ^ tiilci? fiwt vs utffi cw?tc?i fiitS'i-itf-'fl? cm f i ^ ^ ifHif mumrfim
fueuiei f?te? m i w ? <fl?t fiewei? wifrn S ^ vs mtai^ fieut, ciemcn cifics^HSc*? c?m U itfH
fiet if^, iff% rnmr?wti? if#m wu m ' i H i n<? fim ficift nt wt^m mtfii wis? m c i t m f mtiH
?lt?t m i m I iHH? cnmiten cnt ficift I
fiet? if^ 8 fiet? wutu cii va w?iei? i H wme?? vflt mene? icsbrvs mnm? fem mre? mi? wgH t m f
wte???, u?ff? gffe?te?? wisfn wf|H itu tntft ien? i?m^ lit mene? fft cmu mm cmu' ftue? ufi
mtft? 11UC1? wte?i wfme? wtutu wtft r wtft, wmm t m f f f mene? WfUnm ?sc? i fiHi Het? ifsîfn
m fU, wfim Hftfc?? w?m ittt, mte wmm ii??t? va wlt?fi m e i mtiteici? m|im )>y ?m im? cii
Siemft n fit iffm wu mfîfite? wtutu utc uH icn I i i im i^fcn I C U fiHf? sre?} n H utiifHi
Iflt
nt wtmc?? wtutfiii^^ '2??f?i fum? m S^?e? -flit me^ w ? f i i ^ i l l , tiitf c?i1i? I C U fiem? vg itmtc?
I t w ific itH \ f f t m wu ifii? li? nt t m f fiet? cm fifii c?i
tntf fitem
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Contents
isrfi? i f f ? itw ^ w n (Riftm w?pft mn ?sc? I ti^tf cif^ ifwi wt&4i? i-Htf afim nt ti?tî
fHmjf witfn n H ftf iHH i k n atmi iftUd i fit va ifwi mSpm ?'f-t?iuuf uem icu neitfim miM?
wltifn m fmfimi wijpa fifm cuifiw m u u fim ien 1 i c m sn uHf f i f t ? Si? m m u?eiu5
iHm wu <fluH fien af^Tw isfffb i l l , n H t m f atftt? atH n < i cmu I C ? I -fliH upswfH t m f wtui
uitii uwti ftn, fut u m f cimtf ue atftt? utm mif f f i um fim^ cn 1 fem uei
ufimn RRcill nt ftHi cufujcn liifSH ftiu tiHiti (isv^^ %) m n t m f imt iff icnci -At fiutuien
wu atutiui uift uu i i ' m atmen 1 utuwen wu iktig ^^cîifi n I c? ciff tntci mufim
atmei fiHi cn cigifn icu mHif ncufim îfSf fiicsi mn cmu wfcun ien 1 f u ^ s ? cifie% cim
csftnrn, im f ^ iHm wu fif^ cici mmHis ^^^nf^ -flcn vamtH i f iiten ftf u1tifi ifift? i m Hue?
fun ftn, t m f fitfium, cig ienu atfi^ ftn fiitHn I
nt fifii c m ^ ^c f i c i u E Heucn lUff ?Huci 1 v^, ncufim, t m f ^m-'utiW ?wt, tnifii va
cmn nut, tuu-tui i^, mum iHfff n t f f atî s ^ nt ftfii mel? atH t m f ciiifn wfm
ittfafitcn n m S11 Utitcicn ^flf^ ^tîsH -itn nfi itmttm iff atiii i u n 1 icnci lUf^ wficiiei
aimci u^ m îtci I- m i mmei nem? m m i t m um, mu, ?< wtisHi
t m f ic-ii^tC'i? ticîm i icncn mf% fs[m i c ^ mt fiet? f f i m i i nm? wf^ ûcn w i
ufimci i-a f f i -iiuH tiem atmi uu n 1 ticm? wtn; I
f i f i f l va luattUT afC!J| CIU Uf% lfiU?tU ^fa^ll^CI i m i U
U f <f l e w ? g n t itiiu vawttiiefi i m Hire?
Scuti i n nt m'swffn n i l mucn m^^ wtm mt 1
t m - t m f^ aticsf cusfHf muf -flt f^ l e ^ s nem cuim I C ? {ib i t c l o wtfftH, i i J s v s I t c i ? tUii i?iti,
t m f itH f i i m fucn atcutf mrti ufim rnnti ^ f f i i wiwtf?, tifii Utm) I
wtm I i c m Si ciicis tmn fiw fiw f m s tiu i ^ tiitf f f leiii 8 iui t n t f f f i e m
mtu i t m t^ cn I icnci ^f imci mif m isiri ien ivb wtfUf ite is wtguf i f fva?T?--fi
mn -flltm itc t i u t f tiu atTtmt luitu mut w0 m -flt f f icnci aijw u icuwmc? cm w c i ?
mmen cifHm i ifiu Scsi uu n n t if%i f i atffifif fll muen m 8 witi, 'wm wtfu, temeifiu,
Itwti t m ^ mtmg^ afTtuH I U n I Smt, itfim, umn, . ^ e i t , utiteii, cifii, f ? ^ , iti,
uti-ffi ? t n t f Sm -flt ifiai I i f i 'mn va HSfifiit, um, itfnt, wHlwl??i, leucu,
t m f uHu i w t i ufim nt m i - f f n 'mncn wfnte? "wtn, cieiifi, f n , fifiu, fic??tHn, cmtfiu, t m ,
fimtu cimi wu mw i m atf;H icnci cmu uc? I Sm, fiH, fififiitS, fi-fliva, mm, iitenm, fvgfir,
uf^ m m i c m 1 Itci (fcm) fifi mfiifii ciun, fifiu, u i f i , itH, itic?fiu, fii?, i?e^,
fiue* ufi fim mil? Hm 4licci 1 i c m t i u ^ citfimfiu, utwt?, utfwfiu, s ^ um va ifwi um 1
wfif fifim citm uiffu: t i u ^ mti mn? ufim cuinmf itftifeu? m 8 H utfatit-ttfii
fimiei ufi cmu uc? 1 cite?et c%t, I C U Ufim fiuc?ii ip^, U N O , O A U ,
f i f i i cif^ cimen ff mfim, uiciiif va wm f i, F A O , tSenem, wtfiti Suf ifiii, fitii^f
mi3fiiui9mimeScîatmi?se? I leiiei cimci itH wiiei? wfim it?wei? wtfitei ftf i f i i i , "wtn fim,
w n m Scutci? atH n i i cmu uu n nt ciuicn fim va utffi i t f t , wtipm wiltiHi Spi itaii 'wm
-fliH us uti t i u M iici u m if? Scî atmi i u n 1 utti, tmfii f i , t m f u'û ciiutit, ime?i
atmc? ciun f 19 ^^c wfiicg t m ^ tiu ijtiic?? uf w? tntfii v Q U f , t^tnitiuti Hi m f i f i i tfi; H
wtm n I tm w cmn n m cn? uHf? atTim uf t^t?utim citc?n m tmfii uttm, H tmfii 11SH1
iHuei, mucns atTtiten uH wtm n I muufim <ê m f U i , H t i i f f i i t^r?uiim c?^l*ti^ i f i i i 1 wtim
wfium fiu iro m fiwf ufif? afitit? uH uu n -flit fgftfn w t i - t n t f ^ cwtcs? aiffiH -flit i t f i cmritem
muitfustn mrti cuHc? mfiu ifcm:i if? Scî itSfiei? cic-fltif osiueii iciici Siff f|en 1 t m
at?ii ?m I i c m i t i t i ic!j|-inf t m f iciici ^jf cuim ie? m I wtiiffi^fcn i w i i ufi i u ituc^,
imcn afH T j u I f H cmu ?5c? nt m m t utu ufim. vfltwu W i ftue? cuim I C ? m 1 UtHff?u ijwtc?
mstci f f ittfiitcn icuf? atH n t f ^ n l i ?j^ afffifif if?e ite? m 1 m i ittlwliit? '^ttmâwtfi?
?i;? 1 ufifim wnci? utm isitm atf% TJU i f H cmu i w f f ^ f??isi wtemifi? I
t n t f fitem
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Contents
1131 f l i m i t n t i e ^ m 8 f i " nstitn niH ^ f i i i f ^ W f i f ? fitfm fu f i c i i f i f ^ m

twr (is>/i/b-<i) i f r ticnm t m vs turn att ^ R i w ifim f m ?i'si C U i i t 1 1 tuei ^ m ifim f m
"pr i n n wi4iH wHlwi n I t i c < l n nr n, -flt f ? ; i c i ? i m c i ^ f i tmf? Ttftm fifte itm m i citun
wnsiii vs w i f f i fntisr iramm iifi? iffti i f^;? i n i n itH i f ?fifei^nrci iwr fic ?m n \ f m
^ fitf llitn tiu ^ H N W l f v a ^ v o i W f t f f l l l C v a ! f(><jlt?l cmum f f f n i i titei i m i f n v s . n . v f l i . mticî
i t f I t t m mnt? ?5?r 1? I t i t itr ^ nci? icu i f Sitfie f f i im m f^ ? i i i c i ? w u f m i t f i
f i f i i ? m ul%f 4 Sun I t l ? wnrcn mi wtui-umrmr i m C 5 f im itci fH fitcnfitm?fitTfumien i f f i
u mfim v i i i t utuufimi i t c finf tiu fifJtuc?? wtum urn?, " n fium gf? miRy f^ iin? stH c ' f t ^ f i i
wtunt i t ^ i c ^ I tiu^nt? l f l cmn v s w t t f i nci? i m s fiffiei? iew wtft i v s m i f i f wrei cnu wtH m
?%tcintcnn5 viit i m s fifuusu mfim m i t u : i t n fiu u I m i fmen fstfm ftfcn ?i (?mtuvs f i m
wfU?imnI icnn cimmi?uf fificn'R??::^f^ wteit cm S^vn imif ?? i" mi? f f i f?c fitrnm?
? ^ , f i f i m - m fieu? f u i f % , t i m ^ i ? u ^ f t vs wutu ien I m?e? i c # 5 f i f i f ? fiutfti ' Q ? ^ mtf ite
fim cut vsoft U ' g M n s stm? i f t n i i^Wi uci? varffiti I t f mm ifm fiu imtHm cimn f f i n i w 8 i ?
mci fifim f a i i f vs cnuf i m ufii Rm imr? mr fH ?itfH fft mi ifim f i i t i fm? wtfcn ifc
fsmr^ fimr i m n v n t f i f i m fi?i:^f^?n^n?i1%fii i m ifimi m ntf? n i
w < t i f i ?j?m fimr im n T icncn vsoft ? t ^ ^ i f i fitmen vflf%^ ftt n v s i t m wiff m wiwwtfn
iem m^ t m f t citcn f ? t?ki? m m w i f t if?e uen wfj!m? i m iHmi w f e , wtunci ufif itn iHc
fi nem m^ afffifi n c i ? t n cfimei? i u ? u n i si ien I w ^ ?mtlt mm fiH i f f f e f i ? i f % c ? i i
fimw n, iiio f cmuei? mmmft ritn i t timf f ? ficn fiiftf ifium? v f l i w ? f i f t f ? c?im, ci?t f m
iem w^fli i t n i wtw i f i i i m s f l l nmf? S^ iitm wnu ftf
stf lit 8 ( i ) Tufail Muhammad Dogar, ? i i ^ w i e , ' Q i mmm, mieUiti u i v s m e i , i f ? imu?,
Standard General Knowledge, 28th Edition nmscii? mf wimmf, Q u c u i v s m i m m iten, n i f i
1970; (1) Arabia (montJily), volume b, no. 67, miitfn, wti fiuf i t w c i f , U U mten ciifi, wtm'
March 1987; ( v o ) The Bangladesh Observer, 6 fie?tmm fitf 1? m i
December, 1983, ICFM Conference Supplement; m t f ? ftf ?f? iH?^ vs s w m i c i ? icu i i t e i m
(8) tifil mtm (ufUfwi I t t w ) , timf i??îf i e m fim n i f ivs?tc f f i f i c n nci? f i e i ? c^ffmwi. i
itur, fififfi b- Hem, is>b^ mti; ((?) tntfii itScsn tm W l ? nu vs liif^ nei? S^fifw n t e w v s i t m c m
mtitni-ia? u^fft^ mtm iHm 'wiifii', i ? ?i i ? mtur, ftf mm? s t u n f i e i ? w?m ? t f i n - vflt ? i i wtu muu
11 wtfrtfi, ihh-H m I licit vîtHim c i t ? i i f i c ? I
irenSfnwtm tntenfitHfim mft ^w? c i t fitc^f? wun ^
^mrrg5 ( jî M.I) 8 8 fiimfi, <nwi f i ? i f ^ urn?, C I n fim? ?tm i wtm w i e , ntci vît
i^ftfii I ffi f t f immf fien i f m m fii cum f n I f m f n-men wfinf Ufcn cm mitt cm ut i
mf f i i m f i n t i f nrntw Suen nfutfim wruff%; f i i it miten lew c i t ?tu i? fimt im m ?? i wiu
m f ifitmfn,wumi u f ^ m mm^ i f m , fifit fumRi, i n ? iflitt w f i m t T ?tu n u ^ ?ftuei mm f i 5 mtf
iur mffii nmufii, f ? m ntcirui, art^ niwnm cm wrH ficwt I mH flm ^flt nci? wii cirH f i f w?m
vflit icu-tUii c?rei?fi|ff%fuHm t ? fi?if%; is>vovb i ? i f^tw? n fiftf? ?i'Qi I ritu wruei ?ifm^
f ^ f c i ? 1 c ^ ^ m l f m?e? S ^fitnci?ifst H m f U n im ?fiu Sim wtmt i wniew r 3 c ? mtmHi vs ? # ?
n n l i i i nt^ umn i m s i citm i f ? ? f n m m i ien i f m fmtien w ? f R cm mm^ w w t u n i w?fmi
tm fim # m t i Suen ficn vfli fiiti ftf *rf? wnti vs utei? uîitr ffim i nu H wtm fii u ?
fimfitffiwtsen wHiH i f m fiutfim?fifrUii.i i m f i f m i ? v s n wrH n? n t cm iRu iuen cum
rm fim wtsmt m% n i m?e? vftmitm fiifiuti? Htitn c^wjn if?iri iHu iflt i^5itf 4 uH? ififte
i t c fHfifruf i m cxm.vii. f^wwi ien i w s i ? f i u m i Ufcn I t m n ufii ituH ei ?ICIT? l i t Sntm
wft ?e,i?mi icn wwr fiffiutm ffif? n H i m ifm: utm wrH wte?n. Sc#i if I wwte ukfim
in ntci f i U f T i ienu ? 5 e n i citim i m %? w ? f i U f n ?m^vmei itu i m n? wrH i f i g f ? m
f^mtfift? Si? v3f?c?%ti ^stfScw f l . v i i t u . H fSf wwi ien i m i?r? fcmi ir m i tnti i i e i Sm f t Sn ^ê
tiitf fiiem
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Contents
HtfSim wmwm wtfi t m wnm 'wt?ff mt cn mm?t viiiw? n u i f i e i I t w i m wu i m wtm w r u c H s 1ft

fiwt i f i , cin fim i%tflmfu5*tcsf<r wtfi iftfi ifiim' iRmen I
wu mtf, cif^ *mif i t i i m wu itPmt f ^ i c i i iftfi t m i?fi? i t c t ?ii imen fS^ wti?^ i t c
itci? wu i f i f i f l mt I Ufiu wrHu uft? ufcn itm?f^ itm wu icut i t m I
if? icucitci? mc^ wti-f?wm itci? i i ? itct wtm ?fu3 c^ f|c WtH, wtm f vg 9|iifcf f#r?, itfi
iiwi?icwj m fiiUm ifiio? ?1t?t m i c? fim??fu m ^ wtm Si? c? f?H wtgm va itiien ufif wfi fn, wu
?t?t i t i ^ 1 ?>f? mit c? fc? fc? C I ? ? f??tfi itmf c?m cm uiftim citsH u^ u im i w wmm ftfii ftmte?
mitt ??, ?? m^m wtm wicwi f ^ ^fim? m (gi wtmwtiten ?f? ififuH iiti ifimu i
?c?? citi? cmci c?? ?Hc ^ 1 iHm fi? i Hf fiew? ?m? w?eici c i t i f f w 'îft wtHm cn i isjtrii me? citfn
imci wtm f ^ vg i s n v s i # cim Scgicuu ifsi wtmei ?imen cituf cnti i f n r?e? fiimcn
fit 1? ut, ?? f'f itfif ^ ? 5 i c m wfff it?it wtfi wtm mil fH W i l l i i m i u I citfn fi?ttei ^ fi?ife
i?f? mw ?#?tt ittcflm I m?c wtfi i?w? if f?gim?mn iHt cmwen iHfu if?e?i jri ifim m?e? wui
vg wisn i l ? f 5 it?t itfim I fiit? t? flic^ wia ?ti?twcfftH? i m i n i t e i nfime? ftw? ien i c i t u c ? ift
lit^Ho i m m:?t fiem fif c?cf? mesf wtm ffimvs ? N , f i i iciff? vinH c?fm trct mff? ficn m iifnte?
fme,i?fliUi n m ifie U C I ? fH ih\rb m e n io c? ff?ei f itci?
1
ijjb-8 me?? wtftff I f f I v x i i ?fes! wtfi >a wtm f i i f fuf itenm nfifcn fsitm m?fi ifei? ue wt^tf?ite?
^tif Jtmeif VQ wtm ificit iut ^tif wi?tHrt c?f lifime? tntei fm i l l ien i ifltlc? fH f m wteim
i t i t i t f i mim itf? i if? ?nm m:?{ c i f i , f??f& m wim weiji fise??, ?iva:5=^ S^ 1?1U, ^^fei? m c i ? t ? f e i
wtajmitmmc? wtm i m m ? i i f ? ? t fitm wtfieei i f- f^sMi ifiu w t i t f f t f ntew? n t U f - f 1 1 8 ? ^ f f 5 cim
1 3 ^ itm wtfi fHe I t f i m i fHe fHe wicic? v x i i T t i ifiu i W f ? ftimici? itei wtfiu itftten i f f i
m?m wfite? cttut ittm ifm cim i e? i?.wTm cmu ifien, flm im, wtitn mm iftm -fln i t c
im ittm fimei i wtciâci vam? ? i i t c i v Q c i f i r n i u fiH itfiuH t ? m I m t n m bfic<4? miim i tntfiu
wtmei v x i i ^ I t i t m if?c ite?? i v i i n n? wjir i t (unm) i t l tnten wnu wm? I tntfiucn W i ? m t
c?? wtmei ffim i t imt? i mftm cifim m f i ? ] i f f % t i m I fH ?Hei?, ??tH ? ? , t n m stfft it??teu?
iitf?m mm ifci ?mm i wiH wm fime? cit wtem tntenfftime? iu?m iHeei fiei? Hf3 cici icîtii?
i m cBm i m fici fifii mittm ?lim 1 1 ? ^^c c i f f? 1 ? c i t f i ? uu fiet? mt? t n r n ff mumten
?-mm f|c W 3 f i s i t l I mm f^f'=f f i ^ ijH m wifi? leuum mitn ifim wu ici ici wii? i t e n i
ifim itcf i m m wi? ?]f^ ifiei?, fH titei H f&fie frnmu 11? fum (i)-vfl? i va i i i t c wen f?
m ut ? tfit tntei? i f fitm fmm mt^tm mtitiH ifiu wtfiuen i ? f i ? i ^ fmrnn i?? fum (i)-"fl?
varnitm? I v f l t n? ffi f m ifig ite wtm m it ?f?mf?mffci uf%5i, imtfwi va uim # ? e i umt? u ?5|?cn
?fien 8 "lent i t i i? i" <flt lit ?fim fH ficwt lent fn ntm H^f, Se,ff, ? f ^ vg o f t f ^ i t c ufien i
i t i if?e I t f i e n i m wtHvs tm ifmt I ' i wfi?i ifim ' fH ?fimen, wfH mm f f t i f e i fsfimi u, wrfimm
lent i t i iHc mHm i lent i t i nt itci fH wtmei u I i m m m W f t i ifimfm fiuu itf?(i)-vfl? mmi
fci wfitm mm f'wtmm (wtfin) ifien i m cnts ie* muci ftmt me? citmu m iRuen i wrH -fln itc
ifien 'mts, viitm vitt ciei? citiwici lent i t " i m t f n citmswm ufieivs vît wfi wficn f i m ru
8
wtm v f l t ifig iwi f t f fn mit ?fie itf?? u i cuc5t i c i t itc? u I *[ îten citi i t ifimt wfH c?
c? m cmi tHm n ?rtH fnf mfwmci i m v s wtm^wtif% >a itH I t iH?tH I t wtnten m?ittt i t t c i e
fin vit c?, w p i mrm f vg cifiiten i c m ? n v f l f i v i f ^ i t i m m i t u i tm tnm
wtim v i t t n? ?n ^^wn gtwen itei mn mn ^tf^m i n ntci wrmr wtft um wrf n f ? um fli % "fe
?4m ifiesflm, i ? wtiten ij^wcn ien f m -iti w| tntfi n vflt f 1? t?f? ftiuien wu U f c i n f t
i m mtwm f i i i wmm se?f?cwenei i i i f i ? fifn?ici (i)-.ii? n H cmimHei? i" u?^ Sfi i t c w u im n s
m t iHc mfim I I C ? itl, v f l t ciei mtfcn c^ cmtf " c n t i ? i t c mft? itm wtfi?fen ifig mmm iif i"
f1 fimtm wtfim mntet wtme??ei f f ^^c i ftiuum? mifii fci? cit cmuf fiisH fimtm
'fluf wtmtcn mm v^m v^n i]? wmt iHi ci, wH wtfim c? mm miH ie? ie? cmi i e n tu w w c n wu
fgt ffim v i i l f l H?tc?? fH ite? i m c^ Hircn mim mm fi cm mn? i i f f wtci ? viit ic!^ wme?
t m f fitem
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Contents
t n t f T n m , f t n i f n cit wM atn inft fitu f^m?? aff^ cmiii wsim at?ii un ut i newt
wtfi cnr? wtifwr m f t ? f r f i i f *mtt wsc?ra fiei? m i^tf fifit u f ^ i i s wii-f?wim am ?5U
ifinrim ctm ?sfif *itficcn i -flt f i ? fmrnus m?j I cim wti-f iwt? c? vfli W f i f ? iifieii
wife? cit S^5?tfiir? t ? 1 ICf m ? # 5 I t bllC^Cn I S f f f?ecicit i u muu fifcst wffm ?sf?e itf?c?iu i
aff^ft ffviC*!? WSC?t Cit tfi^l Wtlt^tft? ftW f 3 iiei ifvau mifum? i?cm ? itsu I iej? fitff
?ft?rtci I c m f i i Ittmf mf mt fmtfi ^ c firsei ^tc? Ufi? n i fum? ffe wicmH mr, m wrm? um
f I usm wfff wri itcit Uf? icj? wtcite wteitfi
-flt f i i f i mtnt cit wtîfw fii H?it?f wtfic utt Sei I w?ii cm ii fitu cm u^s?m f m i m wu
ci tntci? w u finfi atti i f f i i n ifti m?fifiift n-itiHim ififs iâu ??m i mtf<f m? ^s wr^s^ f&m
i l i ?>f?c itc? I wT^ fsitici? 1C5F titw?ci fnti (?t)-? cm cuci? icwt ii nt ?i^?i f m i u m ?? i
fti ^ wu?ii? it?t mtci wtfic l t d \ -flt f i i n if? ifif^ u mr 1U êi Uf? fm ufiu'ie!?
ftimiivs ifi ituffici? wîff it?T # 1 1 f i i ?5f?c fici Sfi fie itn, mm ifc^ utc m? i^n u i 1U W
ou ? 3 C ? 1 , c?tit? f F ? w f % uffici i w f ? itc? I Ci i?u icrni ufei ciei i n? Hw? ife ?Hu m,
f # n nrcw? wu fln iifciwr i < li^jff i t i me5f fl? wfuH m cit U f i l t v a i fif I T iffU Uci
i f f i i l f t u f ^ fft i ? t ? ir?it? wtrnficifi i?t i fim I icmci? ufi im i ^ ^ftif%n wi^
liitwu iiafu icirwi i t i fmtm? icu imHu icui if?u uct, m'flttn cit itjiH sti itu m I
vs mfif! a(fitr I f1iur UUgff? f % aftlfl<>lc? <ilt ifiat f um n i m wtm? uf cit i u iitei? wu
utcw? f s u u u u? ifiu wtfi m ?# i in, t n t i fiffl^ <fiunffiu ?f?cH I
fieuf 1 U 1 i f % ; u s u m c i fmtici? icu f f i i t ? i m wtftn îfiu n, fH n wiHusf? i f i ftitc?
ti fft i u I wti-fmwiiei mm fw?u^ (m)-n u?i mm fitm
fifu, fintm? tiwrifi m f * ? i 4 c i ? icu fn? (m)-n Si? u f i i ie?i i wti-f?wle?? cm wru Ufii
afr?ru mi f f f wfum? I^rac #?i Uii uu? cat?u fit ivsm i? i f l f l (1) mtt Sif| n m fitvsu if?u
mi mte?, mtfii Str mc5f mc5f fif iHu itcsm, m ff
f f ? , cii, wrf-?ifiHcinniifi?ntwcituctf? c i m i mu wfîc^ Hfi?^ if?u ?ffie? i wie u?
irrir? ^s cuim ift? wim? ffci? ?t?i fic u?i r sti f??n ? i f ufii ituei, cnc<? icu iiiue?? i
t?c atufi wit? w f U f issb-vb m? i o CT rHci tu cmu ifimtci 8
f itci? i n c!jf? utfwi^cS? nte? ufw? itu n u m m
tu cit wtti? uf; tuc cm mem Ut i t m
u u n ff? liHun t n t ? i i i i m i mc? S^ cgf?
i?nwU?n? wu f i i i f i i i
ftf u?ci i?m? wim m f ? ^ f i ? i f ^ iit uft^c??
itir t?f? cfr ftf i^titn? itsmtis? m i itu iii? i ifiat fU Uitm esti ufiî? muc ??3i wtltf?
wmâ um? 8 WtH wtm u m i H u u ufii if?uH muc
S ^ atcici? UfwUUci? mf Cllfl? i H f W I 1lC#r itc
afllPl wtffiat Umfc nft ?tmtft1 af?^ af?ft UC?? I csmtn? cm? mcrni uHci ctiu tm wfaii cm fU wtum
ff? wii-f?wtn? wfUHiici -at mf mi3 uc?? n, ?f?
1? I m ctiu ?H ii?tf i n wtm ?rf ctmtn?
1Un? fli ltd n tuu n? wti-f?wt?ci if
m mtumfei w t ^ 1? I
m i uHc wn? 1? I l? t n t f m ifituici8?iiif?u ?H ciiu wt??? u 1? nt mus iHc uHn u, n
'filwc? wTif% c'ftfm' f i i n u u cmr fBfi af?ft uc?? i cit wt?ci ? 1?, m? U I ? itn um t n ; <Mli?n?
Site ff?m?, wti-f?wr? wtici cm uit?i i f ?? i tU wu uu if if?u ?tu ituci I
ittci n i i m wtf? w u wrmf mu, m tuc (im) lilt n H U 3 t uHt ??, ??t wti-f?wtn? ifH
itsuc? ffu fim ?5U ititi I ufit mtifii fi^m? fci "wftn wti m fivsatc?? iftiim
f ^ f i wti-f?wr? u?iwtf%? w u n v^lufiis l f l I imitf I .
wt? f wfe? ??, tuc usm ffiuc? ?iic?ua fHu (^) wii-f?wm lit?? n i m iflt ffife ?ff?i it?n^
?u itlltl I wti-f?wtPt? w^fift i j nt muu Ufc?? n? Ufi? wu tfUei? f??? mm m fim #iu fiuei t
^sm? fue?m i f I f f i itc m i wti-f?wi? nft f i t lfl u? ufiif ffififi? mcu wti-fmwm m icf?
i ? U i I <iit i f wui 8rtft f f c ^ w u n um fi?? i ficmH, m ?fstct? S ^ fireu? mutfmi ilficici?
wti-f?wti ffrfe c m ?iif, c m ?f, U f ? , ffi-iff? mtai mm i
tntf fiiem
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Contents
tfflVj^si Af tffraf Af
( M ) AtAfSftffA WAT Wtf-fAWTA t A , A T w f f % , w f f f , (?) fff f t t - C T O W t f t - A W t v3 WtTCfft fC5f tf

IfStA, AfA, tAt rot f c ^ - C F S r o Sf rot I AAk f f f AtfCtt ATtro f f I
WtT t A f t r f A f f f CTtlff fAfTtA WffA'=tCAt'tT f f f ro ( ) W t t f t t C?At5tttf st?tt TO l i l t t f f f s t f f t T
tfTTTOl WSftttl WTtf t f t S T t t f f t
( r o ) W t f - f A W t t AttAWttft WtT T i f t , f f S t t ^ ^fiicat (^) f f t t W f T O CftfWCt? C f f fTAlAT f f I
m ffrsf tfftA I t r o AtAIW AttAWtffA fff f (?ttlTt (?) ftftlthlD t t f l C f t f T C f W t f f I f f f Wtfft
f T O t t t f wtsf f A t A t A i r ? TOt A t f t t f A t r o f A T T O Wm fT f f t ^ t C t t f t t w t f t t t t I Wt? f f f W t f t t wftft?
WtttÂtt?! ftftff I
(ftU) W t f - f t T O W t t l f t ^ atl f ^ A C f W t f t f % I t (c?) tffg ftwttt iiiff3f ' f f f A t f f t c t t tlWtCtCA?
tAtTTO A T t ^ # A t f t f t W f # A t r o f f f Wfff fATjIfo ACtT, t t f f C t t t f f f t t t C t l , A t f t f - A t f c t ? ACtT, ' ^ T O <3
f f f f C A >iIAt Wttfft:? W f A t r o # A t r o T t fC5f ftfA # A t f f t t t ACtT, A f <3 f f f C f ? ACtT, W t C f t - ^ t f C t ? ACtT, C t # t - t f
A t r o f tCff A t t t f t ^ f l A I f t t t - f C f ? ACtT f f t t t f f T ft^ f f ? f C ? I
(?A) W t f - f t W T t ^ T O WtAtRt f t t ^ f A T O WttJtf^lf (CSH) lit f f t W t A H f f f f s l f f t f f C t t WtT lilf f t ?
T i f t f 1 u t 'Sjf f f f (tc<P'a I lit 'ff CA Cftt CftCfA A t - f t f t f t f s f f f f , Wt? W t f - f ? W H l i l f f ? T f t f s f f f f I
AfWCf fACWt 2t1tf fttOo f c t I - ( t c t t ) w t ^ wtAtgrct? f s t f f f # ? C t t f w f f t
(ft) f f C A t ftctf-^[fro W t T W t f - f A W t t ^% m ^tctt CtftCt t f t t t C ? C ^ f f f f?A?t W t f - f t w t c t ? f?C5Ct W t f f f t
W t f t t TO, t t t tAte t l t t l C A WtA% A t t C t t t fttt^T Wtt, wtatAt tw ^ c lit'f^ f f c t t Stft ffctt #*r?itf I
ctif s p t f t f t I lil ' t f t t f t C f ^ t t t t t f c r o t f Cfft f , t t t ( C t t f ) t t f C t ? t t f t f , Wff^f, W T ^ t t t f t j f CW3PT^
wttrtf^ff cfcaj t r o C5ttcfs wf5} f c t I ff1 ftttett WtT t t f a i f t W H f f C t ? t f f A t C f s t t A . W T c r o
QsffS) i s i f f - f t w f t C f t f lilft t t f t t f f t t , t t t t A f f f t t ? t r
f tTCt t t t f f f l i l f t f t t f t t t t t t I (fc?) f ? w t ^ ?#t f f t c f t t f c t t Cft ?irott f ^ s f
( t t ) fTWtCt C f H ctct TOt C f H f f l f t f t W t t t t t ct?-ttAt t t f c t t t e t t tftTC? R t e t cftc? w t ? t r o ff,t?t
ttAf W t f - f fsjtctt WtPfcf a|t1t A t f t I litwti t f t g f t f c t t stttt=fet t f t t A t I
f t c ? f t t W t t t f i ^ t t f t Sfs I (WtttCtt) t f f z f f t w H f t t c ? l i l f ftttf? f ' f t f I tAte
( t t ) t f f g f t w f c t t o t t r o , i i s t t f f t b Atwtt wtatAt f f f t ? t f % ^ tftfe? I A t t f A t t t t ( f ) { f f f e
A i t t t t T O b A t w t t ^ t 'b^tt WltlT:t i f t t t l Atwtt wtat^ f f f % A t f t f f ?itmt I
i 8 1t t C T O O R t t A A t w t t ibAi 1t t c f a cro W t ? ( f f f t ) wtf-f?WH f f t C f WAtro ftftftf C f H t f c t ?
Ctt-lit? Sft t t f f f ACttCf t t t f f f f H fCtt lilAt tct SftCt stft wtft f t ? f , ?tt liltt lilfft f A W f T f f ' f t C t t tfftciif
f f f c f t l i l t t f f ? w t w w f t f I t A t t f f g f f f c t ? lilf ct? f A t c?lt-t, t f - f f ? , f f f w - w f t f w ftftCtCt.ffCf
A T f ^ MftT I l i t f f t CAfttC? f f f f t t f WtatA ? ? I f f A c w f f t c tte? I lit fttctt W f t t T C f t f wtf-f?wtct? lit
w t f t f t ftcwt f t c t t t f f f C ? ? I lit t i t Ait f f f f t C t ? # A t # w tttrtcf s r t f wtfCA ftewett #tct frottf f f t f
t S t f t C t t WtT fttf% f f A t t i c ? I f t e c ? t i i i t ' f c i ? f f ? t f ^ , wcw?sttt, w s f t f t 2 l ^
(lilTO) w t f - f A W t t t f f f f c i i l f t f 3 i ' t f ? l A t 1 ? C ^ f f t t t f cattfie W f f f t t ^ i f T O i i l t t f f f T O W t f f - f ^ - t f f t t
t t t , f f f f t f i f f f t t t f f t f A t f s)lffC^C? lilAt l i t t t t f #ACt f f tTTO I
f f t t t t w WAItA f f f f C A I f t A t C t t f f f f ft^f^t W t T ( f f f ) tffat f f T O A f f W t t t f t c t t a W t f t A f f t
tffat f t W H t f c t ? W f ttT Ttf?I W=jft A t t i c ? I w f c f f f t f t f f t f f t A w t f f e f ffjistf A f Ate t w t
( T O ) t f f g f AWH W i a t A t f f w t ? t r o R T O bffiiCf f f t t t c ? 1 f t t f f W C f lit A A H s t f TO f f ^ f e ? ftCAJ? t f t f ,
Wt?f I t r o S f T O S t T O f f t t f?Atit 8 w l ? tAfet? f f ^ A t C f f t f C ? iWW f f f t fpfffftfft I f t t
( f ) litf w f A f t wtatAt ftc? wt^tftfctt croTO tttt f f W C f W f f t , t f , f f , Cftaj, t f Wtfttt tTlff? ^
ftt I ffftt tftf fgtCf ^ f t t f t t W t C f I t fvgfff fft'UlC? I
(t) wtaiAt otf? t f - t t f f , ffit cfcttt wtfffc? f f c t t t T t ^ C f H tf f t f w t f - f f s n c t t cst^ t r o
stf ftttf f t t t I tftro f f f ^ t f t 5 ? f f t A T t t t f S A t t I lit f t t c t t c t t t ro,
( t ) WtaiAA csff? ftctt t f At? fAtttt f S t f t (f)-iil? f f f f ? atft row? f f c t t l i i f w t w t f - f t w i e t ? w f t t f i f f f f
t s f f t C t ? f f t - f f ? fC^ f f lilftt I Sfftt wl? f t r o # ? t C f wtf ^ c t t e t t , f t Ate t t e t t , t t e t t ^ t t e f t mm Ate i
WttfttCt 'StAt <pRiil # t t t t t t I f f c t ? t f t A t c f lit ?ft w t l C f H S t i A t t tt'Stt ro f I
tfftf fttcfft
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Contents
biSo
mten fcmi mm ic^^s liiitim ftnncn iem ffi if

t w 1wt 18 i%r?i wtfi -sjiHt? ^^c wmi wtmt? tnrft if? mift? cific m mt i tit tm nci
Wtvsmr blRf^n WSiSnl tc i wtmi t1t? m^ {n)-m mime? fm fimi I
2ff sti??c (HH CitH m? mrtc? %5t? I wti-f?wK c? l? tntft n i>s>b-s> ien wtfmf m i mtiteii
i ^ i f tir tirgt wui atmrt I tntfii ItfH tfnen tw ite m t imifc wtemHi
(?iti) lilt t?ct wmtij ijr f?iri it ?#?rci i fif wt^^tHi tntfii cifime? cmi fie itfimn mtiteici
wti-f?wi? I t f i ? f?c?? titc? c? ijl? ftw ?ti if??rci wtm icn I fH cit ?n? (is-b-s. ^.) nctn it? t w
tir? tfim ticir t m wimr? i w f o irttc citfi i mtiteici w?fi? ien, wst?ititc?fimm ifHitf??tc?
ftimc?? fiwc?? if^ tmT? mnfwi i wcg?if%;c tm, itHm? -s wtmm Heitn m icn i fitm wtmm
?? ??t wtfm if^^c ?ffm i t m fiim?t wen wf?T fieitn fct ^ m ficn i mt? firm itmw wten i
?r?? 4f??lCl I t m Se? Ci?'i it? f ?wt? ?#i ^ 1?? cititn wtfim t? tntft n ? ^ wff itm tei i
f j n (i)-n ifig f?? I n ntei frttc it?t m-sm i? i cnm ffi is>s>8 m?
( c t i ) i i i i?r ic^vg wt?-'$?^t't fici? ogt item ivjs m ifim i?li ittt? tifnti icn i HiBif fifi?
uttc s ^ vs fi? I lilt icfg tmti(?, m-im?, Sif-Sezstwr cm?mn f m I t l ? im n i
m? nci f|c cfft I C ? , ?liffi vg mc5f ntci H ? ifif? 1? nci fif^ i m fif^ ?ff? ifitcn wen
wHf I lilt ??ci?wf?%?t% m?cff:?? lit, c5Fc?ilci? i,, fii^ ^mf mHs tnti i i i ifnt t n n imei wen
iRfi C5tt?'s?mi?tis??? I lilt ?t% mrt ??3iwtitftci? i m ifimen i t? tntft m? film's W5?it i fH
ntwtw i # cm i^^tf tm nfuitc i t c ? f t i ffim mm-wtc?i, it?-i'si, w<-im?, i m - i H t H
(uf??i) I t i t c i ? 'M-^b^ cmt ?H?tci tit?t lilt icf? tfim if?m fsi-icg? mmi f n c i t ?rfim itmflcn i
wrm f ifiit ft?? fifm itfic tic?? ?t i twc^ ?l?nen ?if??menmieifH mmei fimi ificn
?c=ttci? f??fws wmrf^ liit ifig ici? wtcf ttt?t n, ffife liiima} tntit ii ?i, fHm ?i -s mnm ?i i
wi?? -^c WW? I Iflt m m wtm 'fli^, ? t ^ 'fll', f f i 3 f ?m? n , lent n
(tfi) 1?? f t m (?)-iii? wifisr? -s wt?-f?wt? itfici? nt fiimm imt n ' G wfietm I
wtci t?t?c? ic?ift fff (fte? itfffp tnf?) I i # i itfiei's ifi#f s (i) t? tntft n , w^. lfl H -fli ituffn
Itn ûm? ?i?c? m itc ?f^ fn iwtm????wiitft? itfi -s wmtm, ii ff%5 m?m, n t n s fiwsmfr wtn,
?iitf?-fi?-'wt?tffen f ?ie? cit wm ff if??r fnicn i wtt H mt, ^H iffiti m/ifl mt, i ? mtut, cictn ihb%
(irf?^) f n m i m Hm if??r H?5i iftr n? 1.11-ib- -s wmtm I (1) fift itc iitf^ m<atfii 'mm
f t m (i)-^ fiw? ftfc? f&fu 11?? fitm (i)-iii? cfit T^9m" io cERmtf, i>s>b-a 1. mtiim ?mim, i m n s tnrn
fiw? wrm ??5? mitfr? tHg f iwten fiw? i n ? ?en i m ifiH, mtitni Htft Stewm itm, mem, i. i-ii;
?e?r tnti cj#, m liicf? ie?i wt?-f?wr? ogt i n ? () Wii t?fim, i m, 1- i>o I
.?ft-?fc?? ?e?i i l i ffi-ufi? ie?i n? f i r m f m r (?) fitmf titH ?ii
eft I ?i? Sic? ?e?i STIC fitmft ogt mi n ? ire?? t?FiK( ) (m), mtm i
?e?i tirni? ?ft fitm fmi (i)-iii? #?iin cjrt i wti- (i)''wtn fii 8 m?f?i wt?fte mmim t i m '
f?wrc?? wfift? ft?t w^m? ifim wm mffci- ift iiH ? i ? ^ n mtm' we<f [f. R A L A ii % (iovb/ihm),
(1) n? ie?tw? I wti-f?wr? Itm ?(i?ici mm umittn odi, ?t id] I mtffi tntf itficm tit f?ei?m itmm
wteiirfteiti fieii m , liit fici? fiiH S\| itmci fitm 'wtrnji-n
fe tntfr n rm Hf^ ispm ifiircn, itf? ft im itaptis f*rm, mf? f??t-? cntmji nt iHt? fiHi
ca% f?^ I nren ie?i n H i t i itfi? (wfiftft), ifitcn ?nt^ itc i ciem^ i f m i i -flt ^tfn mm
wt? wuH f i f i i ?r fimft I Iflt fifiiei wtm f?tei mi itfi fiei? nt titen mm %wcn ititfi?it (fin f.)
i?t m I rm n m i frrfii, wm mi fmr? nt wt? mnten wfitf fimm Hc?nr ificn i tim'-ci fiem=
mi fli? I rm ic -flt f'fii?tt i t i fmtien f l i t i m H i fie?t?tci? wfn wteitnt im itn s (i) i^fitfii;
fH ien, t?e? fmt??t if ffi? ftitc? # n fim (1) (n\9^ f Hifi; (1) i m im imH ffttfim^;
iHe ficiime? mif i fif nt ciei mm mei mirm (?) t i m m t i f i i 'wtnfici i
mitcn I W I w ^ iHe wmi itfim m i fif fifi? i m ( 1 ) ;Mmfii 8 (i) itfH I m^rHi tntf I t f f i e
mtitwei? m?i tnti i-sm ic^-s nt ff tntff f ? i w]^ fRf tmm'-ifl? miiH wti-f?m-ifl? imifi?

tntf fitem
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vb8i
t m ^-J-a^ i i f i n H Hf U f f s f f W t H m
I wtutcsen 1 iitw i?mici? ^m) wu tu -iiiH i?m ufif 1
cwas wHim iH?n wm i fiwm f i itc s ^ -mw mtmiii fuen -^5#oe,tim n^tn <imt tmmici?
iiHf? u:*(j iHmci g ( 1 ) Hmi tmn wprmtif nt tU? aH wtnten cmm ?i ?f? wfUien Seal icn 1 fitcn
Hmiff timti', m? m r n i tit "mtt%i (ffi) tei isfî^n icjc4t fiw Hw mtfwi w?fm mif wfttf n men
iâmt" "m'^^tH wmn m", "-in m t m mft mfi^ wtni i m mei Hw ufif ttm uu 1 (fiHi itm -iit
wicttntft itc wmmrniiimm" n t "m ismt" wc< ?^f'f i ^ imei ficwiv* m i ifH gtu, wm-ituf,
1 3 1 1 n (f. 1 S l i b - , 8 8 0(t, i i 8 , 8S) 8 ^, i o ) l i R t W I T tiu' 'SfH'1-fm, wfe^ 8 fimfi-win H'l-u'n vsum-
CWC3I tit 'cim cn H W m Cmmti nlii), 'cim mi^ itw m f 'WtH'l-flim, Wf. L. Bercher, De L'bllgation
m m ^ m (mmi')", "tfig u f ^ um w t u i i m (mtfii- d'ordonner le Bien et d'interdire die Mal selon
<^<bM mtfifm/nfin)" wt< un i?t (f. i s iio, 8 s al-GhazaU, in IBLA, i l l n t f f l t r i ] ^ i t f t f t % ; H.
iiv, H s (tb, b-ft, i 8 i ; i i 8 8vi3, S)o) ; 1^-un firm Laoust-vil I U Itmf ftH ( m mtmimff fim? wu wm^
fifii-, <i<ibCH fi-Hfi cit m uf^, mtu fU I I W ftrm), Essai sur les doctrines...d'Ibn Taymiya,
m m icn, uitu i i . iten mfiitft, -mtu itH boa-a ; fimtg"f-mvafi, 1. iivo (imf wf. % i i i ) nt
i m icn, Uitu tircn ifcUiu:n tifi Seici? utttci rnifui-um, ^ 1 , vovb-vi) fitm 'wt?f--ii? w?fm; i^sft?
wtit n t Ufcn S ^ uum ^ i i i f i i -flt mm cintct mff fini imci mfi f i i t ; ibid, 8 s ia-sn, fm vo s
w t ^ l i i f#m mtmiiici fiHi wtmfi i u m i i?miti i o 8 nt fm vo 8 i i o ; L. Gardet, Dieu et la
(f^fifi) mei f-?wtn Sc5i u m m (f. f-im, ^ s destinee de I'liomme, Utfii ii-J*^ %, % 8 8 f t i.] 1
iHo, i i I i i < i , l b - 8 i ^ ) I tmm'-n wgmtHii ficwcnci mn fifiit mm? va fU fmm? (mtm) n muf
^ 1 ^ I t m n ifticn ntiH wf^fici fumnt icn -mten m cmi ic?i I muenmtmniiva f ?wten n 1 1 ^ wmte
fift f ?wtci Sunimt Sf ituci I ci tmt uH "muu timi--vii? -mw m" -muen iitUfti ?mj ?ftmei
icn C I , Tiitm (nym # n itmft titcn mitctii c ^ f i ? S f H m icn (vjs 8 8 1 , ),fiei?
c?ft itfi ifiuci n t ntcn -ic fH mtmiicn icu. i i 8 b-b- wl?nftci -mum -fiHi itm??tcn fftm fff?t^j?ict
Gf}ti (f. -wti-fim, C I i S ) S ) , 1. i b - o 8 fitrnm wti- RcoHi ien % ^/tt.V ',\ i_. '^^k-lvi 9 i ' J L J I "wiH
TprHi-i-wt'wm) I fmt cm utcei ci, tmiti- tmen wtm um tmm't (mtm?) ifie uH 1" wti-f ?wten
-ft ffic f i f m n Citfi n t citwu tit c m w t * i f i i mF?Tci wmva f i t ifim cmei m^ mfti, mtitc ? f ^
f C i i mc -fiHi fici wtfi^ n H ?[Hi iiumct fiemt ^^mei, 1 1 ? fitm (1-) ifimen s "tiuiei itmpfimn
iu m u 1 i f ? ifie itn nt iH itfe iff? va tifi -nwrnen
( 1 ) t i m ' r n <&fitfii wfif^ uu 8 tmm' nfiei lift wH iemwfm mi mmen wu wtm Stf? ?Tfîiei
n n timci tm ft S m f , I U fiwm -imtm fitmti ci?i Ifien" (mf u ^ , mtfti, m i , it 8 i ^ i ; " itfui
(m)-'iti -ijm (5-)m cifwc nut i m -iiiH ufî wiu wtf'i-'wtm wti-fvaiift, mwfti vam ti?tn f i , mtm wf.
citl Scuti, wtUici tu -fln n H tli fff? men mif tmff c?nmtwtcmm, i^-j^vb 1., f. ^^s, voft-vis) 1
icust uue ftfii wiicn f n , ufî va uitfSfi ciHict, t m f fiien vitt fici? Itfif ttm t ^ u f ^ w m
iuitn TUcn nHitfi fucu? <3 uen mfi mHff mew mva ite ut 1 it?fn titn nt t n f fiitci?
n I tmen *)ffi utffn tfuei tmti n H fnftft itciva tfm'-ci fufu im it?ic^ I fm-'fl? wfiicn ift
tifiti 1 'nfitriH tmm-n fieîei -itt f ^ ? newt tuei t m f fnmm S ^ wtfliet i l l im it?tHi (f.
fluff ffteiri itc i=f'ftn tn i cim (i) tmen f ?wm, vovo 8 l i ) I v i t ^ ie^ tu tmen itUii f i m
tHfif I t i t l m fitm ( 1 ) i i it<a n t ututf ff%fci? iemwf? citfii îfi i??mi ifie iwn 1
wtm i?5 iitnei? fin (fin 5. i n fcat iiu^) 1 ( 1 ) Hsicmei m*|Hi tmm'-vii? ifetm v s i f ff fieifim itcci
ntfii mtl va S^f? (wtmm').wu i f m ivau iteci tfi? f ?m? 1 uft t m liitifii wtfifn wfttiffte
wt*[fii fifii mew t m f fucui iffi viiiH icstt 1 ifmm 1 ? n, t m U f f wtflT fii Uffm (i')-vfl? .
vitt Tjfteifi itc tmm'-n nut i u ute ttn, ""e Itfei-? Sli? I lilt -ifaim n t n? 1 1 ? wtfim i i t i m
I t e n wtni n t im iten fin?"wfi-f?wten iift wi^ fm-'fl^ iftn.nHi'wt (5.)-iii? iHcmc? m f?wten
iH ?[fl;^f%i va m i uiuHi mtft iunct ( ^ fium? wu m^ u, mfci? memuf fim nt "firm f?f?mien"
^ H citfii fieiiu gtu, -^?wk, VS s io8, i i o ) 1 itmnii (wim-ititfm-itHfi) l i K m ift wn Uim finfS 1
l i licit vitt iff? itficf? ( - I t f f , itftu) i H wtim wtifm-m vam'i-wm'wte? wfUHii Heu^ cwnfci
tntf fifeim
t.H.ft/b-i
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Contents
M'WT ( M %TOT*fRI)-TOa m ^ v R W T M R T O Stf R ?tC'f^) I W t f - A t f t t W t f - t t f f liltt ^sttff f tAt 'wfr

f^cft s ( f ) m R02Ft^ cwm Sfltvitt t M r f (f.) ( f . ii/<l8b-)-iilA t t l f t t f t t r t f A C 6 5 f f f f t f t C t t t
R t f f TOTOt^[ f m t t f f f stftT5 f-fsftft ATttIt; t t t f f ftttet 'iftlf t A t fCt I t A t t f C f wtrtttet f f t
^ f t t t f ^ t t t ? tttt TO? (t) trocTO cwtat, ttttet At "ftTTO f t f f t < t ' t f t f ' f - f t f t f ) " f^tAA Wfttf t f
WTOtf^, wfftt3fT?t f ^ , f # t t t t W f s t T f f o fctTt tTttt ( w t 5 f "f-f^) I t A t t f f t AtAtM f t e t f s f ^ M t ft cttf
[ttrsff (g.)] 1 iAtctt fttttte lit t f f t lilfft wftt6ff A M M M , ftf^ t t r fîStlt s t t t t t ( f "Wf, tfistM,
t? sffft fet t t f t t f t f WTtTtfWfTO f f f ttfttft WtAtttlt, ftfc^ stfffaptt MtCA (f. H.
f ' l f t f t tTtft)
t t i lilt f f f t t t tttft M f t t \ e t ftetfS 5 t I f i t t liitaff Laoust, Schismes. b-8 t . ) i ( 8 ) wtATO t t t AITOf ( A )
fltf%t f,f liltt sf^ff tttet ftettftft froiet ttr ^t i (f. A S i M f t (g.)] t M t t f f ? f f M fftttewA stffftft I
liitsftrt fff'âiMfAef ftTA-iiit t t f f f liltt ttwttfff ftAf t A t t t wtft Mtttcf fc=ftA cttttftf ct C f t t t t r M t t T O
liltt 'wtfttt ftttett iêfit WtT - S f ? ftfftjet ftctb-ti ft?pe^ ftsnt ffte sif M (f. ftAtt t t ^ ' ^ ' t - t t t t M
ftT At 1 ^tt'f-wtîtrt) I
tfftA'-TO i ^ f f A t f f f ftf^ref wttt ffle liifft ft tAtett ttftt fltflPTfA t'9t f t t , tfftet " f t f f t f 5 t
c5ttA f M t t f f f t t f M A t A t fttewt f t t f f f f sftft" Wttttftf f^ttttfACf stffA f t t , ^titrottcf
4 5 t f t t f w t ftcwesi M'^-'f f ^ t M s f Altt ffttte? i CttM f t t t f ttfte W t T O f f t t t t w t t f liltt tffcft Atf?-
fetfft ' Q f f f < t t f t e t M t ^ s ( i ) f f " f ^ (f.) (isV^ftt) t t t 'Q wfttctt tttret ^ - l i i A ftssfffMlilt M fftttctt
liltt t t A A t ^ T O (5.) (^\r/b(tb-) f e ^ fef f t t t w t t f f f w f f s t f t f i f f t f Atct ttftett t f t tffAtcf tftwct w t f t f f
t t M f t f t liiffhcf tt^sttM (f.) f w t (f.) liltt TOTftef
I S f t T O f t e t t wftfftett t f t f f t t f t t I t t f t M t c t fctt,
. t f f M f f t e w t f ? t f tett tetr ttwfff is t t f t f f fttet A t t t f T O t t l i l t t ATf^^tCtA W t f t f t t ^^Ct ttAttt ' ^ f S t s t f f t W t t
f^vo<ffff wieffbttt fizfti fet I lilt fteetA wttAf^TO iiiAtftf'wt-iiiA,ftfe^'ftttct.ftctMsfft êtt ( 1 f f t , <t
^ t f | t t Cft tttRsftcf st^M ttt ftettf ftftCA f t M S i8i5) I Stff t t f t C W t f t ^ A t t f e ? t f t t t t fftA-iilt
fttttCAt ctt'sM sfttt ftff^ ttajtt ff% ttte ttef (f. "ftf#tf"tt (fwiM g.), tfttic?t ' t t s t
ftAtctt tetr
Wtt-ttAAtftf, f t f t f , i t , A ' l ) tt1ffltA(f)-AflAltttCtt t t f t t f w t M ... t t t t t t t A t A t (g), ttftett ftfa f t
f t f wffas^ j^c tt 2te ctt f t ^ W A M A tttM t^'ttt tlftt fSftM W T ^ T O t f t ttfTOTT (f.), t t t ttft t A f t
tttffc t^ t t f ATtf f f M f t C t f C f Wtt^ fftttCA tTO A t f ? ' f A C t t t ( A ' T M ) t t t A t w t t - W t f - ' W t f f - T f t f (f.) ...
wtftftt teS I ( A ) sttt/ft ttftt ctttct f f M tttewt lilAt A t t t tTft ttttf fWfM sttTT ttTt fAttt tft
f t t f t tctS wttf R t fCt AtAtC sttt t t f t fCAt ftttett ' w t f W f t - t f i S f t f t ( i i t o - i A ' J s o / i<l>Jso-ib-<s8) t t t ArMf
1 ^ i f l t t lilfCft fttfS atTt T i F t t s t f f ' ^ t M ^ê ttCf f AWtf (TffA, 1 S i 8 8 - ( f ) I f t A t c t t SfCTett Aftt t t T O t f f t A - ' ^
isf lilAt tAt Ate f f StJlffCAt ( t f f t lilAt A t f t t^^j^ ^Mtttf f t f I lilt c f t t c t t w f t f t f W t f t t A ^ A T M t e t r
W S f t ^ ftfTT, WtftAt ' S t t t f , f fsjtett ^ff tTt1t) s f t e t t ttet w t c f wtf-tTttf ( t ) - c f i CA t t f t fttt f ?ctt
sil lilf ttfbiitjtt f f i i f M t f t trtt-TOtt Attt I f f f f f fM ATOT f f t t l C A H , l i t f f f w f t w t t T O t t r f ^ ^ t t f f t t t t '
( w ^ t e w ^5ttet) wtftt fc^'Q ftf ^ # T O fttfttct lilt f f f f c f ? c f t l i l f t f t ( ' S t f f ' ) r f t f t M ftcTO # t t
ttT ttttttett t t M t f t wT^t sttM f T O A tett fattt Sfft ftefftt fTO f C f lilftft A^tt f c ^ cASAtff
f t t A M tT I t ^ t fttctt (ftctt f ttlfwf, f t t f f f f tttftctt i&^feTt f c w T tftt A^tt WftM fCTOfM
t t s f t t f f f fttet) ^ t T O S F t t tAtt t f t fttffff sttt lilAt t t t f f t t f f f t s i t ' lilAt TAtCtt f t t f t e t t t3F1t f f f t t
Artftcflf liltt ftttf ftgtewTt t^ ftffej wttttft tetr tAtt ft^fttf t t ^^-t s t f f t w t t liltt t r o f t r e t t t f t e t t
f t t t M fff^ff a m fAf Attt wrffcM i ftAtftt liit f f t c t i t c f f ttwtttttAtfAft t w i t ftew ftcwett ftctM
s j f C ^ ttftett StttM f C t t S f T O ttAttt "ftTTO f A f f t ' t i C t f f t f e ? t I f f t A liiAt f t t f w f f ^ t M s t f f t w f tett f M lilf
A M , ftAfCtA CtettffftCt ft-iittC3 WAftt lilAt liRCfft TO WtA^ lilAt f t l A - t t f t ^ f t f f t f f t A T O t f # t f f t ^ T O f
WT^ f W f t iilAtf^ttff I tAttt f t C f t s f t t R Aft fAtttt \3 f f f t f R f s}ttt A f t ttttft ftf^tCtt
(f-)-iiiA f f (fiAttt) liltt ffAtett sfTw f^sttftftfttctt tetr C5TO f l A i ^ W t ^ ffM ft^Fttftt ftAtctt fft tr^
ffttTt ATfwf (tR'^t) I (is) w t f - A t T O W t f - A T ^ f (f.) f f f f t t f c t t stcpttA A t f t f e ? t I [ f t f t f - l i l t f f ^ c wt^M
(f. iio/<tAb-) f f M fttCf f f S W t f f f S ^ f f C A t sffctt f t c t t f t t f t w t f f A - i i l t i^ffAtM t t t t t t f A f t . f * t C f
f t ^ fgtA-iilA s t t t f C t t f t t f % M t ffttlCAt (lilt f f f g t f w t f f - A t T O 'wtf w t f - A t f t f Wtt-tfttft, ftwtff-ffft
f f T f f f s r t f t t T T t l t liltt W t t t t f t fftett T t f t TOfM tt't-tt'iatf ftt-ttftt, f f f f f iis<ife/iS)'J5P ( w t f t f ' t - f t
t f f t f fttCftt
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bSO T M
i f bHi/i^HO-cs m ; I t S U Wf t m f W>iH W i t R l ) ; Massignon, in RMM, ob 1., ihiv-ih %,% v o i f t ) 1

'Wtll'l-fat'WH w t f - n t f , WK-fSitfBff H'l-tmi.,. ( 1 ) i ? t i iruuu ^ n t i m u?TC5r ' w t ? f tm iru
(ioo-ivoio %), A Merad, Le
Ifmt IV5VVIS!Jl; m-vii? filtl I vit ium f n ( f . mu'wt)-vii w?ff fiif?
Reformisme musulman . . . . i c s i.; H; Laoust, fgitnft? wf m t i f f ffiit ^ s i f m m Re?bj 1 i b - n
Schismes] i m ^ c i ? ? f I t l t w tu m ? ff^^^fn f i w t 1 ? e 1 ?
(\o) w t # i f i tiui's Sm ?Pf i ^ f n t l m i iftfHi wu viiift wf v s i f f f ufm itu itm 1 fiif? n t
aîwm w m c t R W H I i t i i t u f^tmnt a r f i i R n fifi-cntif11 vflift ufifui^ vg ^ f r ^ n t i m Sf?m
CT, mtfiutm? w t # i ismuw % T nit w m w witimi wtiin I C ? vfl?t tu wiiei? itmt% vs wtfmt?tf i c i ?
n a t f i m t i I t m 3 1 1 wtfifm t i i t ' f a t , t m i m t f w o Uwtifn vs Utffi m m m i i t i itttc I W 1 1 ? ( f .
cim tfuajT vs i f t f % t m atmrncf? i i - S f nt n t 'wm 'wmf'l-ltfl W t ' - ^ f U ^ f t , American interest in
tif, v i i i i f i t m 1 ^ fs-fm utf vitirm t m fwtti? Syria, i b - o o - i S > o i , f , wwt iSsivivb f , iSH-so; Ph.
fiitfn g5\oU% t i m n ^ i f i t f m t f i l U f ^ m itc K. Hitti, Lebanon in Histor/,fiStn ihbH %, %
t n r c n timci m^ wf v s u ^ f f vs tis,tif'f i t u i c t 8(H-V!J8) I
f u f ^ IC? I t u f i f f t ^ m m ^ ijm aitm ticufim ( 1 ) if%u I t f f ? i m s Sifiti itf? i n iici
1 C 1 miitiff cumf S ^ utfHi wtcmm? 1 1 1 t u 'wm fiet fmtf? wfcicici? i m t i <^
^ ^ c ' w m mj v n t iiiHim iif fitii t u r n f ^ w t i u i i ? fieiusm ffiiff nei [ f . H . Peres, Les premieres
f n t n I v i i t f = t w t i ? u i nut i u i t u c i ^ i f i s f itf? manifestations de la renaissance li++eraire arabe
f i f ? wc?' i f s F ? ?>fn f%?uf ? j f ^ c ^ ? atcutt? stTiJ en Orient au 19e siecle, in AIEO, W t l f w U l (ihoS-a
met I tuci? I C U i ? t f ? i v s u f f f n t mm f t f i u f ^ ' f koo-d'b ; A. Hourani, Arabic thought (Bibl) ;
i t c v o c n s wtff"i-fi wti-wtiiff (f.) (iirvss>-s>i), futm nut ntci imtn f fil-vii? C51^ lami La renaissance
'wt^ [5.1 ( i b - 8 s > - i s > o f t ) n t ^wt?5'?-mm wti-itûHf culturelle arabe, in Orient, I t 8 i - 8 i (i^'bH
(g.) ( i b - f t 8 - i S > o l ) I W?U viit 'wm f#111C51t SciC?? J. He5worth-Dunne, An introd. to the hist,
f m f i f 1 1 ? f1 ^ w ? f t ? f i f m w ! ^ ? vg u t t sumifs? of education in modem Egypt', m iJsvss, ^î., n3i?sti
mmi wfufi ttîfl=i 1 t u e n i c u i m Jti ifevjjV t. fev!}-;!,b-<^] 1 ,
( 1 ) v s u i u f (f.) m?mcn ut, um iwi f l i (aftifnm ( 1 ) 'Simtf iimSmsifnfiin s t m i n i i n

'wr?c?), t n t f f f u u v3 ?tfiiici tm f i t f i a r m met fin*in 'wti^m-ufi (g.)-vfl? wrmt 1 ffi ivv5S>
f i s a f f t t I U n t "fum f i f s m " ( w t i - i t i t f " i - n f i i ) mten o ien n uc^ cifi-vii? u?it itm??
(ru itc I t i t f i u t u n ? ' = t ) - v i i ? wtfi t n r f uufwi (ti#mT)-vii? n f n f f ? Seun ien 1 t m uueit
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i t t i i c i wt^Hict ? ; t t ? c n n atcutt f^m urtm f i t c n f m stwrn imtcn 1 ifit i i ^ f i - n m wfn uiHi
m m I t e w tuen Sf tu ( m w e n n ? it3rtffi^ mfum wfim I t m 1 itfitffien Heufiu ic^^ v^t
Rc?fb i t ) , tuen ieutn? wnfuu n t n? n ? m tr-mi itf? I t m i f f i m mii? ite uei,
voti,icn w i f t ^ i c i t u o t l e ^ v g v g ^ ^ ^ i e f : ^ r ^ , g t i i t c n fieii i v f t v b ltd? i cigmtf? ite^ lUfr-'fl? mt c i i
t?fi vg uwtifn imcn aieuwf?t f i ^ n ut 1 ntu t w fiit itu m*[fii m m vs iten wu S^fs 1 ?
fuen ?*iit?if^tui ? e i ? (fi) n t m c m fum vs (tifmt ; F. M . Pareja Islamologie, vsvsfe t., (i\ro) 1
f ^ - ? if f m i m w u w t e ? n wtm 1
< i i i t u m ntu () itu fiwtifci? i i i f t i i u n -iiit t,itch? icu
l U f t ite wtif? f i t m i f i ? w i I U n t cit n c ? itmm mutfmm^m?im Snm \ ( f . tSfic?t fiwt f i m
(wtm mTf? c n itc f i t f mtf? stm) w a r s attûf f g t v g f t i ituft mei Joseph H a j j a r - N itfw i ? ^
nfi (f.)-^? E5u v i i i t i t i i m wfiuf w t m n i e n Les Chretiens uniates du Proche-Orient, tJtfil
a m i m fi?imi tt? usm wtim wrm 1
^ m ajc^tra i f e ^ i %) I tm ft n t m esf ftf? t% if? F N ' ^ N ,
U U C I n t tnten f i f ^ fiTcu?, ficn fwm (fO-ifl? ? f ? vg f 6 t ? f i ituifi? ffiitwn mnici ??mt? civsu
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m t i f n uwNn iffim S|^ i f n t v s u m f 1 1 m t s f i ^ trtfi fium^, I W T if?e itn 1 t n t f ^ffic v f l t m
t n f e n f i i f m n v s u f f f f f i i t ttn i e n 1
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fiiuf I T N M T mmci R M M i-jj ? ( i S f i i t.)-c fiems
iuu "wm cumit-vii? l e w j 1 1 ? ? T f ^ i e i ? i c u mrm sifff wmlllfl ftu s A. la conquete du i londe
w}f f i e n " f u e l ? oaf^ i v s m cuum w f ? i t f ( L . musulman (i 1 3 ) ; Kenneth Scott Latoui ette, A
t n t f fiiem
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^88 tffTA
history of the expansion of Christanity, b % The (f. f ^ tttf, iofe ff.. Passim) i f t f t t W ? t e t ? " f f ? t ? t
great century ( i b - o o - i f e i S ^ . ) , f i f ife88 WtTt? A f?n" sttesf w t ? f f t t f ftet?ie? at?T % f A t t t f f t t ?
( f ^ W t M n ^3 f f f t s t t w ) , f . ^ - ^ 8 ; A. al-Tibawi, ( f . i^'OH/ihi}r), A t f t f " f - f f t f f f t ? - Q f - f t ? ? t'Wtt'Jf?ftt,
American interests in Sjrrla, f . i'5j-A8) i fttef icAo/ifeoA ; ttftt wttfft?, fffft t'wttff"f-
lilt ff*Rifr f f 5 < s , f w f f f f f s f f t r t m^ a t f t w n j f f fffff? f fftttt tftfwttt t t t f f t (tttef ft, ifefe
s i f f f S i R R t f f t TO f t , AA'^nfft'-'iR fite t f ^ f^cfit f) I ^

i t c f t T 3 ^ = T f S f A t K f A t e w f l A f ^ t f l A t A f m^ wf liitîct wt*ftf f?et t f f t e t ? w ? f R ftî??tft Cf t f t f f e A
T,tff<fftAAt mi t A t ? a l f f f o w t t J ? f??AAf s T f s ^ l i R t W?Jt S t t R f35?T f f t e ? t f t t A ? I Ernest Renen-iil?
f f T A l A I f?tl s i t t ^ J l ^ t e t ? W f f A T t f t ^ l t t i f n t t A A J ^ r ^ L'Islamisme et la Science f t t t f ffft ? ^ (Cft?e?I?,
f t ? fCAfr^ f f WTCAtf TO?, f f f l i l f t fesf f t A t f f t ? t Afe tt#, ib-b-c) liftt t t f t f f t e ? fftt? -a w t t t f ' t - f t ? wtf-
t f f i e ? ? wT*oif%f M f f ? f ? e ? ? t e A 2te?M% f t f f f f wffftft? t e t r litf t e f f t ffsef? f e f (f. litfftt f t e f
fpe?? fWT ^!te f?w f ^ t t t I t A t ? f f f f f fiAtf ffff? Homa Pakdaman, Djamal-Ed-Din, b - i ff.) " t t f t t
w ? e f f f ? f r t t f w f ff%^ff%f fl%? mi f ^ s t M A ? mi I ^ t t f ^ t f t f C5?tt tfttft iii?t t A t f t t f t W f t e t ? ftffff
f c w j tAtf f???f^gte? w r ^ M ^ - f t ^ i e ? ? w [ e f w?fam t-mtttt? ^ c<?f" l i t t t t t t ? f ? f f t ^ l ? ? f f ' t ^ f t ? f e t t
W l ? T5f?T sieetT ?wi? ?iet? I lilfft aftt? f f f f A t f te I t t f f t - f t t t ? ttlt, " l i l f f ?tttt?
lilt f f f f ? % f l ? e t ( t A t W ? W A f t 'nw airg"? fTAt?t f f f f e 13 ?ffe t f f e w t t t e ? ? c f t f t f # wteft<3 ^ t r
w t e f m f ? wsfss ^ ^ f ^ ^ ff|;ff%f wTcftf? l i R t f f t t e ? ct, f f f t t w t t c t ? f f f c t r t w t i tArct? t f t t f t t t ,
fe?i? ft TO ?tAi? f f A t e r o ? i A t t i t i f l < t ? t T f t t t t t t f t Atec? tAtet? s f t f w w t t f ^ f??^5^tffA
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f f f f t t t f ? TO fRtet w ? f f s "wt?? ftg f f t H f f A , f t f t
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O f b ' ' 0< .> a ' f I f a ^ *
'Wttt?, f t ? e f iS.88 J. Heyworth-Dunne-iil? ' S f f f f (1 R TL '^LI LQ I A
f e ? t f An introd. to the hist, of education in "wilts; C f t t f o c t ? w t ? t t f f t f ? ?5ETT t f ?wt t f ^ t t

Modem Egypt; Ph. K. Hitti, Lebanon in History, rAt?t ft cwt I t ftw wtft tf??-TO' ( i c s ii;f . Wlf-
f f S f f f - f ? f t , t t i t ( c t c t , iVb-8), f f t t ffft f f f
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t f f t f fttCftt
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b8(t
TOtttst Affo Af%ff%A f^ff<l f e w t A l W l WttAAlWl

f f W S A S f W l M t TOT A T f W l ? M TOT? fIf ? l I r?
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t t ^ Wtf ntfttt", i^, f . '\'i>b) ; t f f t 5 ; t - f f f Cwt^ft', t t r o t S T t f t ) I f t A t t t f t t t f ff?e? c t , a t f f f t f ' Cf?f
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tffifl 'ftfCftt
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'wm wtf%? mi wetwrf S^m ^Hnm wftumt i vs ?tsiîfm cmst t m cmti ff? -JFCI t m Si? ?fi i?
?1 ff%#% eît t m iff? m r H fetln fmmn?- i t n c g f vs fif^ i?fm i i t i f i i miew? (fitfimfi?,
csftfii wt^Hft w ^ itm t?im%r t m mitim rnitfin irtfweSt, i f ? n f ^ , m i t i i f ) i ^ F m vs wnm i m
wttfim mr I ^2Rf tmm' n armn f ? w<i4 4iRf? nm fii'm ? f ? va weitfn mniti itsis fitm v f l i t
C5mr tt^ 1? mt % i f wm w % r f , f i f n wtm wfiin, c%3fimm H f i l (wtfiHmt) wmufcn f i n : ^ tif f^
i m n t wtft mn, mitm titrn 1?w 1?w wm:mf1? m t f e m emit mm i t m imfi m v a f i m f iiic, tif ?R i m
\3 itsiffn ^[Hm wm i^mrn (iMH [wgifii wie t?rm-nftf? w i f i ? ' S f f ? wmiei fin-vfl? ?fisifTi?iei ill mm.
stm mmti f i r sifm mm i^mm ?HIC atmw im m ; nt vit m?ci tmm' i ? m n f i isân ,mfi mm i uat
f . mmm mtmm f i r , mmmf iJsss f . <M (t?n# m> liimt m?ei wmmf-mum f?r5f? wrm-wfminci
Schuman, The Education of Salama Musa, mttel "wmmf? w ^ i m mf?tite fimt fti? fie
ics-jsi 1. oct] I lilt mmît nm m, i f i mtmrnen itnmti
(mimHmf) mm i # i i linii liliieiw ti%il%3 tmm-n wiij^tf ?icit t m m fif^ cwm wtmien i f f i -n
wt^tn mtft aimrnRmm,ifi tif % mffefn mtmfn ( f . mf? fmn-vfl? wti-mm vamm-wtnm-vfl ims t i m - v f l ?
v3 mtftn ffl?,fim 1 ii!im:m msmmf -flt cm? n i f ien fime^ wfi-wt?ifcn fim ffffm i^fijmen
imtrim tifitjff i T % f itc^c^'t tmf isti wtfi fmnf if?fwiemem f ? nen fini) i mit iSmm cmr, tif
m-mrf (iwso-ihob ^.) (S.) i tfi *(fi mami fiif^ n f l l mwSifn ifemi ('Simf i t n fiemf m i t c i v s
(stf^ tim--n i i < # Hnm (mm timn iftmi m^m mtftwjm fiemf) nt itmfwi ifiicn.,('^fimit1 f i f i i
m "mmf fim-mm mm'wm sff fim/tmmt m mew? iiiinte i f f ) Su?eij ifm?; u a i f t wtcmn i
wfi-i'mfim-fi") I t m m? fli w i f n tifn itm nt t m w t s R c i ? cwn
tmm'-n fimn nft m?2tm H f n mtm fli 'wm f l l ifim ?fim f?e?f5 icnft i m i itii? (miti .nt
fflrltfimi imnf mmm mtff mm imfi fmrgn ? f ? citftif) va w?fi?,ciffii ffff? fif fici? fii I
n i imm 1 mtmmtfiii armn fifw mfîm i e m f n Smi-vfl? icm, v f l i w ? i t m f i v s ii<en wtn uait
fien mm m mm i turn affffiiftien" ? w i f i m â -?tm??ff icn Mi'mil? Ifc wiff i v s m - 1 1 1 m t i t f i i T f i i
fitfiufieii cfffi n'jfîen fSmmfi (wim-wtim, mm- v i i t wfcmei? I f f i %.ltei? n, fmt ifim v^fu
itifm tJtfi), wimmmiii w f i t nt mwîfn â afmnfii ifn? va t^ti mm 'î?'i fitcn Sewm wt^fiimci
i^rfi f l ife wfm?i Spa; itm Sfimflen i -itmn nt miten ^jftc mitcn itm ien n n tmf'^figei
mifien mm meu^s 'mi afiffi f f % f f i i i itmmfileii iimiij ifnt ffic titen wfim mtifn ficiitfw mfie
fiiti ite Item imiten ijfte mtmntfiii f^ m^ 1? 1 -m iSi, i^fuift -fff wm mfitnfi? i m n
iffi ien ifHfi, mtm f i H ^ f tmmfim me^ fei, cut mmn i c B f ? (m?m f m if?e mif fli m ( f .
fitm, afif nt w r f i m m e n cwm wiien wfimen mfi mm, if, \ro% i r i i ; ficmfin ii "smm mf? fim ;
Sne^ e m i t f i e m n a fgm mm i t i mf? fmrf, mff'1-Simfi'i-tm, Passim s file?? f i f
f i ^ f mm liimt Smi'ft fff citfi m / ^ e tmm' mmmf? firm ' w i ? ^ n i w wffim i f f i i t ? t f l c i ? ;
f i f mmi n i l mc i i < n i meif fst fime ntew? wtfi? wti-itfif, wimtf?-f? wti-itfif, i . a^s ; ?rf?
t i m ^c fn mfim mm wtf tm f nt fifii ffie f i i t e i i?^ mfifi-vfl? 'Sum' n t i wmiit, boos ; f i f n t e
f m fimficn- iffi iie,imm f c i mmt <m nft I f l f f i m T l e n mFCU? wm; A . Merad, Le Reformisme
f n wiemien wnm i i n Sfifi n , mm fm? ^ musulman . . . Book I : the resistance of Algerian
ififn wfi^ nt fimn atfmm f c t n aif2H nt sunnism and Brotherhoods to reformist
n t mm m m i fici liimt ituHti fimn nt mîfii Propaganda) i
fim i f f ^ S^mm? iemwfim f m fimei i i f f i ^murflen i u f i i fiemf mntiei "fimH? i i "
wtemiit^ ^ nt ilffi 'mlen iem tif n i f i w f J i e n (itilil)-?iei wm fiHm imwci ?mf??eim?cl? iei
i m mm, n e ^ v 3 tmm' tm itifn i f i i He^ i f f i i m f W f f i i i f f i mm ift iifii?i?fci nmnt
n I tm mwNn ^s mtffn fnffem mm;i cwmm Siftn im iSi m cm, mnifimrt wtemi? wtifwfim
f i f t m f mfm-n iitf) fnt itet 'flt wtemtift fSfifim m f i i ? ^ fif?mcv3 i u v g fi^^tfim i f f ? i? i
emfi 'wm fiet? wfimti wtci? i c p wfi?if ifn- t m f?e?tHii t i t e i ^^^ti? itn aiitm m , litcnfHe.
ifw*H (^g?^, ttm, mn) lemimwi itm ie i itmfn ?tm f5?t? fffm mf W l ? cm ii? m i l m i ific
tmf fiieim
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Contents
<h8H
u I tmi'-ifl? sTf w < w M w ? nt*(m n mr mm ff% fll mtfii fcat if<a nt m f f n m if timi (wm
tit? (fl f H i f nt tit? i i H mmfi t?Hif timm f ? W f ? vs f ^ ; f. ?lfl f?1t, mift?, i o i , 8 v O t , i i 1 . ,
? # I I i o (^l^ff), ( S . I . , 1S.V0 ; fim, m" iS.vOS. 1-, 1. (2-V) I
(1) csifHi?s f H>>ifi s S^tf%i 1w i t c tmmi- n H fire?? fîffiiei? (mtmi) mm inm mci fifiiii iffl?
i)f[?tc? mmfi mmrnt i 9tifi mcmmt? fiifi ittm if% (fiitm) WW? nt M i imti-ifl? f i (fwfm) Siif%
lie? c u t I t ? , tit?st?îci? i i ^ jjfîfcititn vs mmtn ific ite?? I t m wm icmw? fiewei? cit m t?fi
fc?? f??t? mmfn vs mtffn f?t mnttci ifiitf fiitei? m if%mtft im mm mtrni-vfl? if^ n c ^ HH
f i f ? t r ? stititi I ??ti? ?tm??tft citiitisiifi ftm? fill n t mm fifm mmifii fiHi imtwci fimci? fn
m m - n 2t?mifi ( n t rni-rniitf-n) ?tm m?- nt tmei? mtfn fim t m itmfii fiswm mtut ifie
'S?v3?tf'?-Simr ( i b - b - 8 1.) I f n r ? 2t??fi i??ff? meet itc? (f. mfHfiit, mifta, ii., v o v o s > - 8 i , i o i , i i o ;
f?r?m? f m ? ?iiiiw<t>, mtffn, ?twt?f?5 A. Merad, Le Reformisme Musulman, ivt ff.) i
f?c?u?PTf m n c?f s i ^ f < I m?-itvs?tfif tit? Sf'i l i l t itmfii fg ifiew H ? mtmiici? S^s?H WTW
f ?t iii?t t?tt'S'?-tff??t?-'fl n t nt? cutt ?sf??tci? I f m?i ^9 f i t I f ?wm nt f m ie?jt fit wtci tmei?
?t%f fim tit? m?-m?t? i ? t c ? t M t ? mifii i?m (ib-s>b- m f i f m , t m mft mtiti-ifl? i^Hu mtf^^ im mte i t c ? ^
%y mmfn vs mtffn stîfci? stf fft?tc? mmcitf 1 1 iiiiici, citncit wfttifii Si?iei ?? i citfi?5te?
v f l t wifmH i^fmi fil?tti? wmm ite i n ?? i v i t
itltffC?? I
tit? fiwiici? mt? ffiv8 fffiiiin lilt ?ci Sif ime? f?t? im nt tim'-ifl? iem itf^ Hm? ?5c?
?5f?i: icst 1 ? C I , mme?? t?fi vs ?f ?if w?ft? S ^ f?H ft fa? icmft? mtm??tft ????? m s
?^4ic<it tmci? ftwiiî? Si? H?f? I t i t WW? ific ( i ) f n t e ? ? f i 2 t s iflt f i l e ? ftHite? t i m ' n t
l t d " f i f f v s i f c i rit?ci?" mt I t i t tiitft fim m t i t ^ - i i i ? wim liiit I v f l t l i t f'?wm-n i f H f n c i

fitc?t?ci mm ff I f f i ; itirfiim? ff mfime?? mr t m imt nt tit ?TtiJt m i?iH imci im I
ie?tsift? I mSfc itm??tft fiimffte?t ^flt f m m ? (^) tmm f'imici f^f^ iHmei wtm? f^msi
iftitf3;fii I mftî, ?tit wft, i?i ifiaj nt wif??%t (f?wm, 8 i s
f t f t f i f : i iTr?? s f t f t f ^ i f i iit?vsc?? (i^') 8 1 , i(2- g s>) nt t m mf? miwfim vs fSiftfif f^^me?
i f i t ? j f t itmitft irftcj? iig f??twm i tmei? mfn ? T ^ I C ? (vo8 8 l b - , vb s s>o, mm, i l , i ; mf? f ? i t ,
?5tei? i f iflt m i f i i ficiiit t i m - i f l ? n f t wjw iwft? tif?, 1 1 , ivfavo, v o l , ib-s>) I "f5?m vs.wft f?wm"-vfl?
Miij n Iflt it?ei i t i i f i i i t itmniiei ite?r ite?r "mitc? fmc^ w]^ fjptei fm? ifim tifwti'wtf ici? m f
ifmif%?" vol ffcitci wff^ i?t 1 ? I t i m i?te? m m ijfi]m i%tci i m i tit mtm-vfl? wifm m?ite?
fifffifei imtimm ie?twft?mci u i i i ? t i t i i e i figiiH I C ? m (f. ?tf? f i i t , mif?, s>i, i<^b-) i v a t
i&fitfii "s iff? iff? m?jei I cicit^ f?m? i t e it?eit mnrfiijtii titcn i m i f i i f i? fifiiiici
'Jtt m fiemwte? mitcwi i ? t m s t m n mf'fotc?t f ?wtci? V f l i H Hw7 >s citfii mrmt m m ifie i i e ? i t ;
tm i^tei??ff ( f i m (2-s vo, 4)8 vobr) ;mi5tnmf:i?m fHs l i t nc? tme? ^5^me?? i H w t f f i T fi#m wifimfli
? i f f ? i i i ( m ) - ' i i ? irffi i t c c i ((2-vo s vo, 8 ) iTre?iifei? (f. R. Caspar, Le renouveau du Mo'tazilisrhe, in
m m f i i ififai i ? i ci?i mtm 'fl?" fm ?ffci? fiit MIDEO, 8 1 . , (ihaH f, i 8 iflf.)vii?i^?fivsiHi? mmfii
itct i l l i?f I S ? ( 8 s (2-s>), mm? i ^ i t c ft? ? t f r ftfii i f m nt fcmf? itisjHiiei? frng-n wteitei i?^
( 1 ) ii ?f5i m m t e i i n t tie?? m fmfiei? l e w i?mf^ fiemi vs i^fmfii wftmci? ^FCI wmm m
mm itifm ((2-s> s <^) I m mtm??tfiiei? w?j tmtci? firm (m-)-ifl? mf^jf mmei if?? m w#7 iH i wfe?
i f fiwm ff m i f??t?i i ? t 1 ? ff nt ?lff?iii (m)-ifl? iH ifl?t mtitei? ii?emiH mm m n? c ? f ? t n f i i ^
f m vflt gtHSei? i f f i m m ffic?? m?jei i mm w?m t ^ titc?? msitmi fmn '^fim c?? nt t m
n f t i^fitfii itffi- m nfi ?ff? f f ^ ifiew I C I mmm i ^ l i t f i i ntwmf^ nt iimHi wrfimif
I t f i i tft mm (?) (f. i<^s>/<^>ft (f.)-'fl? i f meitfi mmci if?? m wwe? m<f mr, wmm v i i t ^ nrc??
laift f t f ? t ^ s "lilt litem i ? i t f m m i f sî ê? w?T "sff wtm f?^ ci?m iH mtf*tt m i i f SnH
5 c ^ m ciiei? mire? ?tm tm i f i f i i m t i c i j ? imc ifie iimm if? [ v s f (f.)-ifl? imci f. mf? f i i t - i f l ?
t i i t i t ? f l l " ( i ^ j j i < ^ ^ d ^ L ^ VI <_.vi ^(....jV) I fim^sfn i 3 5 ? T , m?5f?, i i i , i S ' b - i s s ; tite ffi f?m
f?te? iTfe?iei "wtm? fimt itc cif?" ?fim m^
v i l l i m n t n i t c?, 'mmici? i^fmtfii mm? ? t ^
tntf fiiem
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Contents
tm
m ? I Hti iHtci? U t m titft CIR utmicn C 5 t t icit ( s i f f f ) , v b l . , i i v o , t i . , i 8 o - i , i S - i , i i i , 1'b8] I f?wm
u t I tim wut tfi 'S\ tium tit^ ifim, ficius E. itcci tntci? icm iiw vii^t mt tm Siif% ( n t
Dermenghem (in La Vie de Mahomet, Uttim i S . i s . iHifce t m ?itut) mtai^ mnrtH wj^ isuf ff i imi
mum ibr)-im iitf*t imumfci fftim m ifiUcn vsff c!itci Siif% i u ^ci,CTfc?tt m im?tft u ^
lit? ml ific? 1
f?mm-ifl? iff u t r m t n t imcsf fitmt? _'mt?^ tim ( 1 ) ifig f ?m?-vfl? ?jiuimf s mui fii ^^c f ?wm-
f i u u f ' - t v 3 f i - i i r a c?tHi miw? i#i *mi itHu mtus vfl? i m m T j t c3fc Siff i u utc uc? ( f . vo s t ) i
fm mttu? C 5 t t if?mtm ( f m ioii/ivhv) i ifit Hci? wfimti wtu wcH fii itc I'-uiutrnff (fim?) viiit
f i u m u%f f??l i i iH?5flm ( 1 ? m i , i t u u ioih/iôv) tuu utum utitc? cm? n u t fH ic? u i fif iHi?
f t uiH (1. I V , m f t U f . , 1. vSvS, i , 1 itc 08, i . 8 ) wrm fif^ w f u 5 ? m fft ific itc? (fotitfiif.), ficil
v i i i ? f ? u ? m f T wtf uirm-n if fimtUf'-tvsftc?? ? H tuc?? mu t?cit i l l I U 1? I v i i t cwus tuimii
m t ^ U t c m u m (ituu isx^vb %, % ( M - I ) I ufm fim wtm? iirc?iif citmci Siftfi (tim) itirci cîtmc?
ficsfvs mwtc? f i m - v i i ? if?gm iitf?t sHu i?f? ?5fiuc5? wM?^ wcf i l l ific?, tuc f?H mcT? i H mitc??
(mifm, i f , i v o i - v s , I i o , <jji., t i , vf, i o , i v o , o o v o , wiftfti fimm ili? ifici, c? mT mmfiitc? tfwtfu
s.?., iHV, i i f , 8S.S.) m m ^ - f o t c i t t m c? c m ? ftmtf W n # 1 uftci wf2F1 IC? (^. tlfH, v l . , 8ftv0, i o i . ,
utut ijtum iHucn i f ^ m - n f ?mft i?tcmnm m i 8 i ) I c*ici" viiisii4t,m'vsitiit ftiifii-vfl? i f mimci
t ? ? uft?-iii? w?Ttu ?Ht?flc tm v f l t v f l i t w?fm fmt 8 ^1, fIiiici? mt viit imci im Si? uf?fm wlci?
"f ?m? i t c c i m m ? uft mi tm iTtc?i" (wtfuft 1 vii?tfiic?? wfi?^ ^^c itc? (mifH, mifH) i fitm
iS.vS8 1., f . ftft) I
m ^ - v i i ? ffte v i i t i i fimm v i i i H wfiimfii uuu?im?
(?) f i u ? i f f ? ufiimc?? i t i f i i Se,m % ifiai f?m? fij i f i i i i IC? ( t*pfH, i l . , I f t i ) I ?tfH fUrt vii?t t f f
i t c c i " u i ? f f % ^ i " ( m t m t f ' f - f m , mifH, i i . , o^bh,

ufti-vii? fftHv8 v f j ^ iitcg? ( f . mifm, v o l . , i t , 8 i . ,
t i . , i v o s . , is.v, s.?., voc^vjs; t f t u f f m , fim, cw. i s > J s

IftvJs, ti., 8 t 1 , V I . , 8ftvO, S . I . , ftivO, i o i . , i 8 i , i l l . , v O t V
% s.ft); t m C5c?v8 c?ft, i f i c w u m ? i i ? i f t m t m ; Hm, wifrift is.vo8 1., vjs m ^5>5>> % ^'^) I
I C U f?H m ^vaum-fH f n (mifH, <jsi., i f t 8 - t ,
fiwtff utut imc? mt*t??ift i?i?ei tm imr urut
t i . , i v s s . , ivs., s.?., vo:!,<jj) f ?m?-vfl? iitc?ci? u u e ? ,
1
(m'fi f . ) vimt f i i ? ?itut (tifH f . ) - v f l ? cfnice ficim
mm?cmuftf?i?c??f<titf%?c& "mwmHcmuci? I U utc ite? I t i m ufei ?# u 1 Wfitc? utum
f m (??) f f i f i m m . . . . ( f t 8 v o ) I ?Tfm furl u t u t f f fimt ifiuci I m?i tu wtif?i weH iHic 'fitf?'
ifiuci? ( " t ? ? m ? ! ? vii?t m t m i - v i i ? mtutifit wtci? m vii?t firm if55fi? wfH^ i i - c ? f mifm i f f
?m?"-vfl? cifwc), v i i t cwt fH ?fic U i t fmcu it?ici m Hcsiei? uH IC? I vo 8 1 wiue? cimieS ?tfi fUrt
mil f i 5 f ? i i 8 f i m m Cwtittm), w t t ? t f i fic?u?ft (mim?) fitmc? if^muHiei? T j f t f ?j^ ifiuei? (mif?, v o l . ,
ivjjvjs) I m ' f i itcvoci fii'm-'fl? VfliH i f t Sui?i (it^,
v i m t t i f i R ? ? i i f i " (wtm) (mifm, <jsi., ivjsvb ftm uumci
ioi., i 8 i ) I tuei f ^ wm mm-vfl? ?'f?t-vii? c?n?ft?
f.) I
f U t c?u mttcci est, f ? W H itcci u m ? mcitft uueit ?uHci iUi i u m u i mtmiii f?wici? wHPs
Sem i w f i i f , ?ftmtci t m i c u i U c w ? v ^ f i t f i i # ? ? i t c ? ? wsfeu?i wiuifi? (ftitfii)utut iHu? iHu fuc??
w u icuwft? m i ? fiit ? f i ^ utei i i t s i i wt?tc? ? i 5 f fiw? Siiflm Si? fuo? ifiuci? ( f . fitm 'wr?fi,
mm ?itut i f i u t ? ? u f f m m u f ^ m , " ^ w u f ? fimtfô-mvgf?, % t , lUf.wf-, I- 8 ) I mfimtei
mic? w u wim? u m t i c ? ? u i t fif icuw? ^c u c ? wm itmrfiuiiei? wfimicrni fn m f? vg i ? f mut viiit
i?? im f i m m , iHmtft '2?fi m ? s ? , ?im w t t ? vfl?" ?i. f H m f fieaiei? i i 3 i i e i ? ?itut mmei i f . tif?, i U ,
m t ? f i i m , vii m i ? t f ?wtc? U?m?mc? Hfo ?H?ici (fim, ifti-vo, v o l . , i t l - 8 m f i iic^ t?i i?Hu ^stc ff?"
fc?n is.is.-wtfrtft is.<oo f , 1.1) fiH? n l c w ? ?lw??fi Sîfi1 itm?Uf iUCfT? ?itlJt; "fi?'wrif ?jf^<ici?"
1
m t ? k ? ifl?t t m mmft i f i m m c m a , f ? w m c i ? ? U 3 i (wriHut, iiuH?Tt uvgufiw, ?iH-fi?n ufiut, mt??

m t i f i i HdrUTt i U ? iH?ici vii?^ mmsm wttmtfi i i c ? m tjiH) i?imf'f mnimfci? ntcmm, s.i, i v o i - i ,
(Sfm-wm?) Itc, f#mici? mcsH icw (Uirnin) vg ififfH uHHutci? " i f & f i 1 fieuf" uiuimfi v f l i t m i ^
m K i c w f i m ^ i i c i ? i t f i f ufu fiuci [f. um, 8 i , ( i s . o i f f m ; 8 1 . , is.i; v i i t m uiut viienH m n uaue??
I i o ; mifm, v o l , i o - i , i l ( v S U f f < ) , 8 1 . , i S . S . - 1 o f t StH n<HfT^ fli I f l i t imrfit iê?T? linH imsr ntur
t m f fiicim
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m? m I t m m n mifii (5.) m f mc? t i t SHrfi it?icn m i t e n v s fim ifiuen (miff?, ii., ift) 1 s i ? f
itîicfeL 11im?-n wfiitfiw? csrufl-tim?) ^ m*[i?i f?mei Sfifi int Ute?ei ?f^ mftffif ?iei 1 ^
msmm? t i t ?j?it? ii?Trtcn ?%t V[|ti^c fmen <ui?Jt i U ? ific fiu uff? fim ftm? 'm?êi S ^ if?u,
m?iti???ci mti if?c ( f . mifi?, i ? , 8 v o o , . 8 ? . , tu??r?iei? I C U mitm vflt ? i ? u?u f H iHe mitt ci,
1 ? . , (tob; fiit?, ClCtn iisvO'b v o 8 8 - < ? ) 1 mifil-
1., 1. vit n iFifen iji? Si? fimcn iir? Hf% ftfi,
vfl? ?ct)T it?iei f?% 1? ? # s j f f finfimgi, mit miten iueu^ ifiiten 1 ' f ?m? cm vniH uHmfti
f ? ?Tki t??l'4tl^?jl (B.)-'fl? fifm: "fimt fi???fi" ( I t i t i ) i f n , c?H tit cm v^fmfii f n v s (mffi)
(mm^ m tmm) mm ? f ^ ic? m mitci ??m??tff I tu ft vfl^ (ffi i i f i e i i i va mutfmi S^f? Sei
ifm??? m???t? f?f5 if?mm ( f . miff?, i ? . , v, ib-, (nff?, 11, 8 i i ) I Jifn mu? v n t ci?ii? Smici tit?
V081, l i , 8 ( f ( f , 8 1 i , 8 i . , S'bb, -bi., v a v a l , vOftft-vlJ, 8 8 J , s>l., f c i T ? fnt? f m n ?fi ?tu?ff? >^fufiim suf
i S ) 0 , 8 i 8 , i o i / , v a V 8 , i i i . , 8 1 8 ; Hit?, 'ptit i J ^ O % , % TptUfntn uen 1? 1 itmuff iifeUKi? ffim iteei
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SfSRff rot f A W T ( f ) srTtWt sft A t CASK ^ A t % f A 8 s b-o " A T A l t t t r ^ - c f t t t r f c t t A t t t w t i t A C f t t t r f c t " ) i

tfAî f f T O - i i f t CWC3!) I lilt A 1 t CfAR WtsPtfolCtt tt%W f t t t ct c t t t f f f f C t t w t r ( f - A W t c t t tTTt) f C R A l f t t t ,
Iwt atAf ffAAtCÂ 1 ftf ftft<3 f t f I A fCAA Ct, "st^JtCfft l i t t t c t C f t t A t f ? e f s(rttrtt f r o w f t f t t Aftttc? i f f t t t
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Sf^ntt lilft I f t w t c t t t i o l C t t f t A t t i c ? ct, t f t ( f O-iilt t t f t t t ; t t r o , o t . , ftt^) I " f f f f t t t C f t f f f s r t t IS f ^ l A C f t
t t f t f f?f t t t r p f f t f w < t t t t w t f f t f t f t s t f f t f t t w f f t t f f t e t " lilt f O ' C t J t t r t r e t ( w t f - f t ^ t t f f f , f i [ ' f - f t t ,
( f t - f t i f t j t l ft't-ttf) ( t f f t At., lOo,, M . , iftfe, S'lA, t o ; t t f t fttt, fc#?? t f f t ; t A ^ t t f f , f f r o , C f f .
Ht., iiSS), trt., Aftft, oS> ; f f T O , W t t t t A t ifeiSo f . , ftvoA, ifeoib f , f . feft) f t ^ t t t t f t t t t l f f ? i l A ( f ) - i i l t fftnt f t t
C f f . ifeOA t o ) I C t C ^ f f t ^ lilfft ftC^ftf t t AJttlttttftft ftAfett t t t t e f stfff% f f f t t e ? ? ( f . Wensinclt,
CttCAf f C f t f t f fttt f ^ f ^ f f t f t c t t wftftft ( t f % . . . , Handook, 130 A s ' c f t f f f f t f^tACf w f t f i t f
8t, ib-, t . f t C f , f . i o i ) I f t W t t t C t t f t t f s t f f t C f t ^ t f " ; A A O f 8 'tfcWCf l i l f f S I f t w f t -a ^^tAA ft? WtA^
fS! lilAl f f t A AtcC? t r o lilfft wftC5?tJ W 5 f ; f f t t tAf rot") I f f f ^^tAt rott f t e f f t A t c t t f t t t A t w t e t t csffwc
stTtCttCf AJttJt f C t (Ibid, S)t., A>!s) I liltttct f A f t f t A t t t t A t f t f t t f f t t t e ? t ct, t f t e w t f ( f t ) f t t t c t t t f t t
w f t t f f t f f f t i c t f f A t t t f r o WATO t t ^ ro I ^5f-ftwtct ffft t f t f e ? I
f f A tffC 5 f f # T C A t f < t f f t f stfft stfffMs Sftft t f f s f f C A t f t f t f o t e t i f f f f t trtt tfftA'-iiit
A l f ? f f A A 'St^Cft ftttett A t ( f . f A t t t t " W t t 5 ^ , ttftftf'- tAtt ^ ^ t - f t i C t A t f c ? t f f t t t f AWtctt s t f t W f f f t
T^stft, f t t f Wf., % i A ) I f f t f t t J f A t f ? ' sfttt f f s t t T f C t W t t f I lilt f r o ^ f S ' f s ^ t f t t f t A t c C ? f t t f f
t f f e f t t t f lilAt t f t t t ^ i f f t ( A f f i f t , A!^ tTtft) f f t a t f f t t t e t t t H t t f c A l f ? - - i i r t f f f s f f ? f ^ f f t f tAt
ftfttt I tftaj f t t ^ i f t f t t f lilt f f f t f t l f f f A l ^ ? f f C A t f t w f t t w f A f t (f.)-iiit sfft t r s f t T ( f . t f f t fttt-iilt
w f f M Ct f t ^ fc^tAff A t f ? t f t f e ? ( t f t t f f f f t e t t f lilfWt s f t ^ t t t f ^ t t A f t w t f ftTt, Wft^stf 'Wtff't-'
ftf^ f t t A A t ) "tAtCtt f t t T t ^ w f t f ^m tt" ( f t f t f f ^ s - ^ ^ i f t ' f - f A f f f t t T f , f t t c t t ifeftbr f , liltt A t f ? - l i J t f t t t f t C f
t^3tft, f t t . t t f t f t t t , % Aoo, f f t A; t f f t . . "ftt., f s f t W t f R s R E I , 1954, Abstraeta, 117-23, G.H.A.
OiJjft) I lilfft A t f ? C f t f t f (t-)-iiJt t t c t t f f t f t f ^ t t f t t JoynboII, The authenticity of the tradition
f t t c t t ftttt f t e A t C A l i l t t Cftt f t T f t f t t t t , t f f s Literature, Leiden 1969) i
t r o t ^ f c Cftt fttrt f A l f w c ? t f t t t f c f I t t f t f t t t ff%fttct ftste^cA tffttcf Tafct f t w f c t t
f t t A t t sffc^ t t t t f t f C f t ffttlC?t I f f f t liltt ro A t f A X f csttttes trttrf f t t ro i f f t fftt-iiit w t t liifwt tttft?
s r t t t f f ^ t A f t t f f t t t e ? t c t s f t A t "ts,tt1tft w t f f A t t t t t < 3 ^ - ftiif^ f t r o ? F t 'wtf-tffit îsttf-f-twtt
fAtffftCt t t t f t " ( t f f A , t t . , O i ) I f f f t WSflttfff ( t t ^ f ) tfAtt?"-c lilt ^ c t t f c t t liltt liitft t r o f t w t t f ? c t ,
Atf?ffCAt^ ^ f t l C f l b t i f f t t t t A f e t t ^ , t f ^ t^FC l i l f f t f f f f t ( t t r o , ihob S t . , ftift-Aft feo-b-Aft) I lilt
f f t t t cAft f c i t ffttte?t s f t t t f t (f., ffsfttftfof, f f f i e ? ? te t f f t e t ? ftft Atcc? w t ^ s t ^ ^ ftrt l i i t t
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f f f f t T I f t t f c f f t f f e t f t t t Attt f s f f t A t t t f f t t t st^T^ t T f f C A t caffwc f C S T t W t f ' t T A ? W t f f f T O f f t ?
A l f ? C f 5 t A t f c ? ' liltt f f l t t f t f f f f f f W ^ fttttctt c f f t f t t f t f t t l t c w w t A t e? c f t f t f A t c t t t r t t t t f t t
CAsft lAtett te f f t t t ' f f t ' Aict f f f A t f c ? t t r t t f t e t R T f f t e ^m ( A f f ? s t r t t r t t f t f t e t ? t A f l i i f f t ^
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s r t t t f f f s r p i c t t r o ffcAfFo A ^ r o ftft i f f f f t A ( t ) ttAt ^tCA, f f f c? f t ^ cweat t A f ^ t t f t - f f f f f t t ( f t f t t )
f f ? AffttC?t t r o f f f t W t l t A t fftst ^tC S f t ^ lilAt t t s t ? r o f f t t f e ? Cf f f f cweat ^ f t r o t e t t w t r t A t c f f c ^ t
lilt f f C f t ^ t t f t t t f f t t t f t t t t c t t WtT w t f t ^ ( f f s n t . f T O t r t t t e ? C f t t t f t t t i t , c t t t t t t t t t w t r c? c t t t ^ t t
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mn I IHIRP^JW iif%mt w i n n ut I f t m u f i i f ? f i ? i i " - i t i t f U w t i - i t f i i - i t n f???i,
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u u ifi^ I i f ^ : ^ tiUsj liiit m^ iflift U S F U I iffifn'f-wii-'wtii'i-wt>s>sm (Ibid, el., i^b, <ai.,
iTUfwi m M i f f T c u c n m m liiift isff I ftti), t u i n f? fgmei m i i e ? ( i t n i?ft wtîfii
uufwi VQ u ? f f i ciwTics fi^tfio m f i i m i (f'wruu) m ? t m 'itf' ftite? i u i u Sfs i t c i u n t t u us?
m m m fifi Cwiu) mz^ fm 'fl? u m - v f l ? i#r ^ê wtfi ?n? ?Tifi n n n i e i ? icu Siff n "m?
fifi ? m i f i w f ? , ficil cn ?us w?m *i^tf? wfm? ?tin" ( # 1 ) f m , (Ibid, i i i . , \ 5 i 8 , i l l . , i J o ) I u f i
(mr? mt fifinr ??) i ?i?ufii M n #??uu iwf? turf t n u f i - i a ? ?m?fcvs wnu f? fam-n iflit
wu tm ficifiitarci f ? f i ? i c i ? wu u^sfiit i^tfsfn fnt^fi I t m i m u i H w m U f f m ^ im i f n
icitcui wrwi? s?f^ I lit Se?T u t s t?m' u m - (ilitu), tuci? W f (ifi'^) n t cicitm cff?
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f i f t ? t c ? Uf^m (?)-'fl? Itfci? i f i f i f i f I C ? m citwu i j v s t %, % 8 V S 8 ) I t u u 'aei vs u e i ( U ? f ? n ) w u m e i
tmci? Se,3ifw^ f t i i f i i u f i f smi; ific wtif c? w f e g n f n t T?t G 3 t m ? ?t^fm (?) t u ? ^ ifi?tcn

c m u f ^ wu t u wifiu? i (fim, cffif. i s > v s i 1., 1. <bb, v i i t i f i ' f t ? if ie?tw tfi
I - u c T t T F - ^ ^ T <&fir 8 ?iirtci i r u i - i f l ? wu t i m - I F L ? 8 "c#m wtm ît S n , t m i? i n ^ I't. tm i? m
wrc??? fm-'fl? f?c?r?f Sei?;ci n t irf?itc? tmci? i i i? wtfiuei" ( 5 . f i f i i , i n t f i - i t u u , m fti; i t
smii? ficiiuici I m n i U t l a n liiift u ficii ic? v ! j 8 t v s / l i v s , bSbh/iio; W t | 1 1 ^ , ^m, It? ? SvJjftt); f.
I t u v f l i t I C I I^fufii VQ i r t f f i I i i i t U i??fm Wensinck, Handbook, 48A. Ig. 40 s 'S^' v i i t imit
m U c U n (f. f ? w t i 8\5 8 db), I t u itft? i c ? t c i w t i - i t f i t ( ? ) i i Sf W i ? v i t i f t Itfci? it f i f ? ,
?ttfiiic?t I f f Tjtr3fi?5r? lit if?fs I m i l tcc?, fimt, mt. wt. 1 . i t f i ? , i. 8 t 8 , it i v o i f t s "wnt? i t i t u i i
? m u u c ? t "mvsuifui^ f i ? i ? " ( w t f - u u i w n - n t tuen S ^ ? f f ? n t titcn S ^ ? f f ? i i e i m ? i f i e ? i
nfi^-), lijt f?-f?mici? til f i f , f^, ifigt n t ? f ? m i t m i? ^ê W 1 T W t f i f o ite?" i f. wensinck,
W R tufiici U f C ? ? wu wtiK vs ? i t ? i i i c i i i i c u u Handbook, 48B " f i t m - i i l ? Siei? u f . . .) i .
i f i u ffiuci I f i f f?f% v3 i f ^ f ? f f i ^ f i c i i m wtc? icgift ^mtfafii i t u i u m ? if fieunt i t u i - v i i ?
tuc?? f i ^ lfl? I ? ??fitjif^t i S i u cm, iuc?? l i l t f ? i t cgfei umitc? Ititfi if?c iu?t if?e? 8
? T f % 5 i - s u v s i i t u i - i f l ? 1 ^ wR?c? tr ifSsu 1 ? itr ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 1 t n n i i n t f i i i ^ê (nte bio % m ifm
f u c n .^fufii wf^wvsT? cwgficic? Uici? m iuc?? ifl - b i i %) u i f i u ?tfci? mfici? icu ciiwiÛiu
cuitcui n t wutuci? cweat im itUU vs S^?ffiici? ifi wtm t n m t f i ^ (u)-ifl? ffi ( j i / t i o w m s > < a / t i i
mîScgicuu I i t f ? tmci? witu W f i t i ? ? I C U u m i i mtl) 1 1 3 n ? ? n f i m n m t u ( w m w t i m ; f. t n
^ti^sfti I fmt t m c i ? tfuci? n f t fici? fci liiift Itwm mti-'wrntirf, ti'tu, i i , , i v s b - ; t n itn> t i m ,
fici? f i # ? f ?ici? i t f i f i i t i m i - I F L ? I^fufii ciwtit 8 1 . , i f t i ) I wuie mti-tucn icu m i c i c i t i f n t i ie??
f?mi I U icitw? I i t i i f * f i i i m w i m u i f ^ ?? n t w t f 5 ~ f i m 'wtfi? tn ûflu ( f i o ^ t i o ) 1 ( 1 ) . t f i ' ^
it?i f?cu?f< I umitc? u u i - n itci? s ( i ) 8 titcn I C U wfiitti fien i f (m)-vii? i f i e n i m i f i i ;
"tuimici? ut"- 'witu (U) n t i u i t - t ufift cit tuen c ? 5 i d l n-u Ufci? f n m c i ? leus fH ficn,
I C I 1 f U nt?? (?t) (Lane, Book iv, 1408C) i f i f mtuuicn l e u wsf^ i t m ste?rtwf? i f ? f fî
( 1 ) 2 t m i m t f i ' ^ (ibid); ( 1 ) U f C I ? in'tf 1 1 i f u n f n i t i l1i'ên icu c i i w ? wtfrffii i b r o / t c s v j j
(wr-tuf, iif?, It,, u'wifii, i f , s.\5); (?) mtfii l t d t i f n t i i c n ( c m mn t n ? t f ? w t i - f u f ,
n t nfci? s<5?fHfff [if?'^, iflifici m mitc?? ib-vs/tii) I ff? wuRTcn I C U I t f i i vs f f U f i - i t v s f d

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ifWotn mm ifim Uo stf^ .tjuif mmi wTUw? Smti-vfl? C U C I i i t f i iHuci .iu ite fuwen lUtU
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f. ioi/iis.; mti-uft, f. i o 8 / i i ; mti-mnfm-umt, f. itc w ftcn v f l i t iitcn v f l i m j Hem f i n fn men

i i o / l ^ o ; t n "^tftl, f. i i o / l 1 S > ) I mtltl-iflRt v f l t cumi^ v^ îm^ imm mt i u I -flt ficmm u f i fiu mu^
( 2 t % wu i/s>m mifi l u u m cm sn^t tu i u sMtm iH m t f t f t i ' mi-ulf (f. i>o/ivsb-b-)-ci i m
ute ura I I t i f i mmft uu "flfti m fnmi fis ifici ( f . t m s t f Snfi u f i fium sntmtfii smm,
'mtfiiiuivQ" fgf^ ^ itmi (iifk, IU, b - 1 ) I tuen frnmrn-ttnti, mumt i > o v s V i s > i 8 , ii., i-s>; mifi, v b U ,
leu f^mi fien m ^ imuen s|ftit VQ tuen ifn iftvb-vbva, 1 1 . , i s . v s ) I Siif mtmtfwfii i f i T f s(ut fft
mntifii I tuu ffen tmen mHi ft itct mj^ fiwi VQ n f iT%vfei mmen mft fiemt icn i fuen
mf%u# i f i u f ^ I tuen leu ftcn wtm-mrm't (\ leuSeiicuu mi-iiuf (f. fto^/iiii), mrn-vfvQmf ,(f.
ifti/its), fiufi-it^ff (f. iv55i/itb-),mfi-mntn"mtm 8 v ! ) b - / i o 8 i ) , f m fat tufm-muun (f. 8ib-/iob-ft) nt
(f. iift/is>i) v f l i t tiuti'tn m m f (f. i v s b - M v a ) ( f . t n mfiu (f. i i v / i v a i b - ) , i f i v s tuu m t i t i - v f l i mff

ti%r iu, ftfti, b-u, 8 f t v a ) I srifnm n ci, mtm-vfli I t e i mfiuen ( f . 'tifi, iii., v s i b - ) i
mtsirsF-^?! :5i;sf^ iTmuf?u s f N t

?;mii^ m!;-t*mti (iO--a sfptm Tr?is
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firsaiw? ic^? bd 111 VI.
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3 I
m vsttfi'^ (^) i l
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pw m?'S mtli'^1 (vs)
tî i-nsra-a? ûi f t .
fell Cii s}ffifi itcen mT?m t n ^'tm (f. i 8 i / b r s (i-) i tmei? ie t m u itccn ",iTiei? i i i i i i "
mtmnici? mumfie 'mtm' ueit ueit m m i u (mtitf'i-m) 'fll" titcn ffte t i t u litmf i t u u
it?iici 'Itltl' ( m f iui)-vfli Hif m?*f i tUen ttei iî?ici fifii muilmim fm^^tfi ifiuen i v f l t m : ?
tmen uf n stmi, iifg imtii c'ft^ mi ni m r u tmici ftui^tfi ifiuen vfl?tmtiti-vfl? mmif
fif^ mt fif mm mîcw mmt ituci (f. tif?, H'stc^-Stm ifiuen fuel? u:u ?ftuen f t m "m?^ 1
b - 1 . , i v b s . ) i vflt muH uu newt m ite, ur? c?, m^(f?i itmnTcn mffiici? fiit 1H ^stcmn cit if?
mtm??t1iii itf? i? irf utf CI utffi(gi H?s?tei mim^ uf^ (mti-Simf1-tmi) f?H u^fiiicw Hti
tmf fiiem?
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Contents
t?f1A
t t # t W t t f t f t t f f l W ? ÎfStttAt ffS TOf I # A t ff^ wtr Cftt # t t t t ttAt Atce? fAtett # w

t f f t A ' - t ^ < ^ C t t f ftft A t C T O f t f t f - r o t f f t i^ffAJ t l A t f tAlCtt t f t ttat" ( f f r o , w t f t t f i f e o s ,
'Q ttf%f f t f t t sift R ^ l I f f f S f fl# l i t i^ft^jfUcft i8) 1 lilft tAift W f f t e t f t ^ r o t i f f f T O t t ftftf f t f f f
f t ' T O A t f t t t lAICtt iilftl3I Cttfff ftetftf ftftiCt f t f i t i ^ f f A t l f f f t f t f f r f t T f ^ tAiftttet trtro f f t t t tAt
f C t t I l i t ^ftCt t e w f t l C i t |,f^fiA AtCisCA S ( f ) ttfff, f t t l f W f lilttft t l W t t f f f f f w t t W t T ATATO f f t t t C l t
f i f i f A t t tiîfsii^ ( f ) - i i i t f t f t ^ c i r o t f t 3 j f ^ s t t f t r o [ f . t f f e t s t w ij'gtvSffAs O t . , s>As 'wtft t t t w t f l f f t ,
2 t t ^ A t ( t t f t t t f , tAtmuSA f t f t t ^ ) mi f f % 5 vs f c f Ot8 8 W t f 1fAt t t t t t t t ftAf, Otfi- 8 'Wtt^ftA t A t
f t t l C t ^tAt s t r o f C t t ( f t f t t -att 'Wtttftt, f f f f t t , f r o , o i 8 8 'WfAfftA t A t Wfttt; tt., Ai-Ao 8 f ? T O
^ t . , A t t ) I f t A t t t f ^ - i i l A f t r o ^ t stwtAf (i^ A t . , v s o , brA) tAt t t W ^ liltt 'Wtft t t t W t f Tfft; brt., AAft 8 tttt
liltt f t A t c t t t f f t Wfint t ^ rott W f f t t f f t c AtCA I t f t ' W t f lilAtffro ffftf flAtCfR t t s ^ t f f f tft t f ftA-iilt
f t t t t A t t t f f g i A ( f ) - i i i t c&ro A t r o t t t liftt t r o W f f t t WtT fSfff (fffTtfTt) tit f i f T f t f AttlCA l iot., b<t8-<t
StC]f f t f t c t t fCtt^ W t f t ^ AStt ffô I ( t ) f t f t f f A W l C t t 8 'Wttf't-tfAtft tft 'Wt^f; A. Merad-iilt Le
A t f f f t f t c t f t f f t W f f t t ffttlCAt 1 f t t t t A t srstfctt R e f o r m i s m e m u s u l m a n , A V t ff.-iil f f f t l A t t f ^
^5tc f t t t f t f t A t c t t ftft C%:? ( t T i T f t f t t t f t f t f f ) I A t f a lit fCSTfitT; f t t t t t A ^ f - - f i f f f t r o It f f ATTO, W f f
^sprro ( f )-iiit t t tAttt f twtt-iiit AJttnt wtr fttctwt tltt Wtf-ft'ftf, f t f t f t t t ttTO', W t t - f ' T O t t t "wtf Wff'-
ftfJP ( t f f t t , o t . , itbr, iir;.. Hit., iS>^; f . R. Blachere, W t t t f t ( t t ) : oAft-'Js 8 f t t f t f t - f f f t ' f f f e 'Wt^pj I t f f t C t t
Introd au Coran, AAff f f ) i f t w t c t t w t ^ f t f f ^ i t W t l sfttfif fCft (ftt-iilt *l(fft^) f t t f f f f tbtl'tfl
tAlCfft t t t t l t t f ^ W t f t A t t t l A f W A t t w f f t t a S t t W t w f t f f t t t t f t e t t i & f f A t f f f t t f f f t e t t r o liff w f t ^ rQtet
At w f f t f S f t t tlff^t f f S t t t W f t t f t Wfts, t t t f t A"<3tt tftt A t ( f ..tiro-lilt lilfft f f t t 8 w t f f " f - f t f t f t t t i f
^5tC f t t ttftCt I ( t ) t l f f s l l A ( f )-iitt # A t 13 StTtCttfT5^ ftt-ttftf 8 tfftctr ffefff ffro-iiit liifit ffTt; ftwtft-
f i f f f i f r o ATtttCt - f t r o t J t ^ tîfffTJA f t C t s f t f t f t f t f t f tfftftfA (iS>o8 f , T^C ttfSf; wttf f f f t t f t t t t t
WtttCtt WtT GfMt t T f s f 11^ tTt fttet flAtett i^ftT ftef ffftt f f f t t fttJtfA ftt%TT (Cff. ifeiV f,
f t t t f ( t w t t ' ) f f C A t C f t t f f f ^ t t liltt tAT ^ t f t f s f ifeo m), A l f f w t t t t f t ( f . ifeoA % ) rot ( t e ^ i s i f e % ,
^C sfTps t T t t f e f f f f f C t I liltttct f t f t f sflte?t liltt 0 0 6 ?C3!t w f t f t t f t ) , f A t t t t ' W t t f t - f O l P l t ( f . i f e o i
f ^ - i f l t f t f f l i t WtT S f C t f w f t l i l f f t f t t t e t t f t t t t A f C t 1 '^.)-iiit 'wtftfttrt; f f t A j ' t - f t t w t f - t r ^ , f " w t ' t f ' ^
f ^ - t t f t f t f IS t f f l f #Attt31tt W t T Wfimro l i l f f t wt^'sff, fttctt iotWiJs'ft'V I
f S f ( w t f ^ f t t t liltt t t f t t e t w f t t f f t t f t cwcai)-tict t f f t A * - l i l t t t i f t t f t f "!^C f t f t f - l i l t i & f f A t f f f
f l f t f - i i l t i^ffAT W f # f f t T t t C f t WtT C f t f l i l f i t f^ f t f f f f s s f f t e t t I t f f a f t f l f f t i t t t ^tt^ f s f c f w f l f t f t t
f t t t t t i g t t I f t f t f f A t t t f t f t f rot s f f f R f t s t t f t e t t l i l f f t f t e t : f l f f f t A t f l i t t ATi? f t t t c t , w t f - f t W t t liltt
W t f r f slffbSiftt s f t t f t t f t t ? } l i l f f t Cttftc t f t t Ate f C A f ^ t t t t t f A t c f l i l f ^ t stfasro f 5 f f c t littt C f t stfaRttft
t t t t t lAttt wt*[ftf f t t e w , f t f t f - i i i t . f t t A t t wfftet ftftf-lilt f f s f i i R t liltt t r o f tret liiffS t f t f f t t ^ frlt
l i l f f t f t f w t ^ sjf t t t t t t f t t c f f I t f t f f t e f e e t t f t t A t 1 iitteA f t ^ s t t t t f t f e t t t f f t f rottcf ftem^ftet
ficft I f t t f t f f t A ' - i i i t tf|ftett WtT l i t w t t f , f t c t f f f t t f t t TO 8 t t f t e t t c f f t f fi4f f A A t c C A f t w t f strrcfit,
^sjfTCAft ^ f t f f f t W f f t e t t t , t t t S f f t f t f f c t t t t f t e t t f A t t t t (f)-iilt liltt ftlTO f t f T O t e t t i^ffAT (>Qttf
t t f f f f t t f f f f i^ffAt Ate w f c r o t t sfActt t t t T c t tAtett fitt 'Wifttft'f-ftftf " f - f t f f A ' ) AtAt i&ffATftCt t t f f f IS
ftftt t r f ^ f f f i s e t t w f f f t t ATi? f c t I l i t W f t f f t e t t t t t tff f ^ fftcfTt ^5te ftFctt fCf m (tfftt, tt.,
A l f f i r o ffTO-iiit 'ss s f t w i f ' f - f t f t f ^ t t f l ' f A ["stttftf i8o, ifeVi fet., iOA, i i t . , o t l r ; t f t ttftf, ffTO, Cff.
f c t t t t f t e t t (fttrt) ^ ^ tftft"]-iii f t f t t t t f f t t t c t t ifeo8, fefe) I CtCAf f t T O f t t t A t e f t f f t f ' ^ r o f ' f c t t '
8 "ÎtttCiit fWTAteC? WtttCtt t t t f f t t S f C f WtttCtt f f t t t f f S IS f ^ s f f t t t i e t f f c t M t f f t C t , C f t CAf f t A f t t f t f t f -
f t r r o f f f T O - ' f s F A vs t f t f t ' - f t c f f e 5 t f t t , ftAttt lilt i^ffAJCf s f t t t t fewt f f t t l C A t , f t c t t f t A t c t t t f f f
t t f t e t t t r o t t t f c -sttf^ A t t i f A C f t liltt t r o c t r o s t T O ^ f f f t f * t (tt'âtt) liltt f t w t f ATttrt w t f f t t t f t f
s f t t f f t f t f t t f t f t t t t f C t t I f t t t tAlCtt f t t ^ f f f f t "G t t w t t f t f t f t t f t f t c ^ ^ t A t e t t f t c f c t t TOftaiet 1 f f t c f t
^ t t c f t t f t t f t f f t e t , tAtctt t t f f f f ^ f f e fAttt t t t s t f t iitftt^st t f f l A ' - t i i t lilfft S t T O t f f W A f t e t t fttaf I
f f t t , t r o f t f t f t f t T f r C t TAtett f ^ f f t R ifltt lAtett t I S t T O t A t t t W t ^ t t 8 t f f lA-iift f W T f f f t # t C t t
tetr ft # t t f t t t f f t e t 1 t f t t t ttt*ftwt w t r ttftf-liit f f f?sntfttt 8
t f f t f fftCftt
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Contents
tm tm
i I ftfN fnora arm t m i ' nfwmfi cmtHi 2tm i m ?f? m?*(i?iifi mm fiititf'-mv3fi-vfl?
fmt (vsusF-if 1, tm?) m mttfirart mrnm? stf f g m ivflvaft f m fif itmei i tm iis Sie?it?f?
mffiwM^ -sftt^Hiroamm w sti? m 1 mm?? mimi? mti wtem flttcmme? fnjissii wifm mf? fim
ffmff?3 m ?tfjff (m-t?f??Tts ô-m'%?) wm mife? W 3 f ^ itmtei i Hf vflitn tm if?f???e?? ?nt?f
c??tfm (mf??t) ??w?? wtftd ?tfi?t v f l t ? i ? ??? itc tif Iifi?? ^sf m I Wfm- mvsmtfif (issoi f - I A
?tm?i?t:?? ?m ??? ?im?t?rncsti? i tit 1^ st^ mtm^ wit? ffin? ien) cm ^ st?^ ?nt ien tmt'Si-
5ttm#t m stmm? ?t?K? t m m - n f?ff ?c& i titw? t?f?m nt Sfm-fm i tite w H itmt t f ^ fBmt?m
u:?j ?#??, ?tt stttBj ? t % tmt-n m m m ?im (ivssv- itmei I m ^ - n ?Tm wtiewf? i t m i t n mfi
ihoQ f ) m ?t?-t?c? 'wt?f'?-itf? t ? ? ?t%?? imim tm f n - n f n stm f? m m smi ie?i, fif
Hit? (i!i8-Si) f ) wM ?it? stt? m?3t? m? i ci?i fiite? smfi funm? mm sjiei mm ? # i ? sr?m
wm?t?i:?? u:?T st^tf? ??m?tft ig?fi? ?t???,rw? (licmt stm doo cm citw jf) itft f i ^ mfim m mt
1?cm5nm m m s 'Smft ?md i?? 31fc tps (f. A. Merad, Ibn Badis, commentateur du
sffit m, ?#?? wtfîfn m?? stf s t ^ mt?T H? Coran) i t i f f^ ?H?fCl ?tf? H?H s f p ?Hl?f, fiei?
fif srtSHTtr ^ ? t : ? ? W?J tit fl? WM W?H?3?; >fl?? fif tm t!ff? (tifi'i-itm); m*[iii t i m - v f l ? ?ii
stsn? f???:^ stu??t m ?ff?it:? ?=ti, fif ?lfi.?tli (n)-m imfi w?fR imei icnm wm t i t w f i i 'e?^f4 Sn i
f m mm mtmi? v^frnit ?tm (m??i? if% m [f?f^ i??f ^sc?? ?i itm??tf fitcn f^twiitei n i ? t i H
srm? ffT-Svg? m^m, c??? ?mt?? ift;i wi?rw f i m fiwm V3 ciifc wf<Rt? ifimen wm fitcn fwtmmei
tm^sm, mfvsfn ( f . ) m m tTif?l m^ m? f nt f i i f i ifimen i
f?mm ?mti ?i?tf m mimtfi?jt?T:?? ms cifsfiimt m t i t f i i T t i c n ieett stm? f l i mitcn itc?
c ? 5 f f
tUH? mm f i n (g.)-'fl? imt ( f f lffm, fc? f'm!' st^fi s)ii)ifci? mcitnt? i miten ie, t i f f l i n
tJtf?) I mtmn?? f?it%?? stf mi? fg ??t?? ?t<ifd]? sttfi stiic? irin? I i (ff mmf) wm tmm' sr?f
ScsR SfS?t iîm^ itm nt nrrnimrm stt<m ?5f?m mtim fif? i t n c a ? l f l iiffifm nt fHime? ie=nwn
mm I vflit mtm tit?t snsfm f "^m ^3 f|f?ttm? m:?i vfli stm m?[f?imm ite Sv| iJrmf ficm? m ?fm
f??twm fint? f?mf%? mtm? wtm i Tm t?fi wtm I v f l i t m fmt: vfliH wtii t m f w?fm Hmen
f?f?f?n?mf ??nff ?#m sff Smi sfm m ? ?rm C 5 t t ien. nt - A t cifwe feat i t ^ fi???fi ?T VS
m?Tim mm? mr^l-i?! nt ms m? f ? f f m?? Hfw i?t mtm-ifl? mm m m icn i cie?ts#? ?mm i ^ n stm?
m nt tif mm f i f m m?fw itc ? i ? itmm, mr cm, t n t?fim (?) v3 f m itat tn"? ??f?n wtm-wtvafin
??jm, cm tmtf? f?ff if?c cerst i m mfttifii ?f?T?t?im (^. tfti/ivfflfto)-ifl? stw nmm mme? i titm mtitcn v^fem
f?H 1? I sttifn mfjfif? V3 itt?T mfff (f?ci? misc?? T t i t c i m ?^fim5 fiei?^?iei f?c?f& flcn (f. mif?,
stf Smi stm) mmci f ? f ? ? fsF?i?ci (nt fimmt? i i . , I ( f l t ^wen mett i f m itmei? mmen
i f t v f f l )
mm) fifw if??t ctm f l ? v8?^f'f I n t ?i? v8?=^f'f StH vflvo fTmc? wf?f# stmi iHmcn (titwfsft itif) i
fn f itm v3 f^5tc? ?iw m^ i m stf nft -nwt ?i5c?t? i?mn?c?? finf n f c i t n t f n ?m?f ite (f. ifift)
V3
f f t i?t I w?m fimffi ?tm?? ?C?T f l ? f?fi? w??n? fiem^ i?ff wiftnf f^fu im m s
?c?T f[|rff%i mmf%tm Sc?m mm ?ntc mmt m*iHi i I i ^ i fin? I stm fit ?iiH t?ei (tii)
fimmf nt fimf m?f fim ??itc? mcst n nt f?f?? mH citfii Sn (Sfi g.)-ifl? S i ? HH ?sfi?fei s f mm,
f?ci? f?f^ mt? (mf) nt mtik?? mme? (wmtmlf'i- fm, twm' v3 twfm (f. wH-itH'^, fiitm, i. sHv-h,
^??tf?'?-f?f?f?) i m T ? fif iic?f mit?tm, c???, 1tivffliS)-l; El'-vfl J. Schaeht-vfl? USUL, idem, FIKH.
mSftt, finm f ? ? n m f ^ , mtffi î?m iflt mi?t E f ) I v f l t mH Sn ite ^ i ifim Sf-i-n fmtme?
f l ? m f?fiim? w?ici f ? i f i ?mm snietm m^^, mmt HfH fiien mme? fim nf? vs M n wttnf (wtim)
fiifimc? nt cm?ii fif^gm mtitm mt ??mf?fn wm? i m im n i 'tif'i-Sfci? t i t wtcitsj fi?? i tmm'
?imt?fi fmtm if?c mw? i t c ? 1 mH Sn imfi v^fimtft ig f m ?se? (t?pf?,
11 mffi mtme?? wm -fl^ft ?T imci '?^. mtcmi i v t , l o i , i i i . , Hf vflfumf itna mffte? f m
i v j j t ) ,
im stcmwf? 1 mm itcci,-im mtm??ff ifm?i? fic?? ie?m (a-i., ib-% l o i , lovffl, l o v . S i t ) I itmmf icmRC
?c?fiH mfSj:? i f nt fife?? S^ mte?? fiifi ??f ficm^ fic?Rtci mtfw^ im K I S ^ Seci? i ^ ; tifi-ifl?
fin ?m?f fit ?m? iem n? fli m i fmm mti^-vii? a f ^ m , twfim tnt'-vfl? fs? milt mi 't?tit " 3 VQ
tntf Hiem
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Contents
bid
'wffs-<ii? icu simwfi ufu feti I t'^fm)-ci mtei? m i#t tuen i ^ m,tici fnm
(i) S-si (fimH ^^m) mf t m f witi uiffi iffl ific meet f|cn u ; nt -flt iitin ^ Snci
ff fl%1iCt 1 T W 5 I titm U f f f l P l l l l C U st^fi i m i muen fsm-mim icuwf? (fif nrnt n ) ff%?ict
i?3^ ^satm 2t1% i ^ f f mm ut? m I C I t i % fiemf ifim mtifiim i i t i ie?ititc wt*[fii f i f
uiittt cufi uluj (tiHuiu), fft f ^ t f f m I C U fifiiiel? w u ciMnnmrtif fft ifntci mm n t n
iîu:tw ficui 'fliififsfii c ? fieuf usfitnfi? [ficn 1? I tuen unte? iuu f?wii f ^ - ? m^ i f t ?
tufiu (B.)-ifl? iifi ?ict m (ut? uf?#iii] s t f fffci? tfimt icui 'I'fîiicn uu n ? m m*[fii fiei? ^mfmi
f U itc S| iu?T 1 U 1 nut f f f 1? I stn ffr fnum ^c Si| ? s f t ? litci. ?mf? i c i ? mft f i f i
afTt?ci? -im f i f i i i i f i f ^ ciftt? f?f^^tuf muci? itu m I mtt ^fte m fn tmei? ft Stei i T t i i ,
^ u Sfe nm ^c? mi^ mn citft itc cat mtiiii iftew t i t ? tme mtitfwtii nft M i mntf
lf?C ufic? (t?1 ufi, Pfim, U # iJ\svb, 1. b<t8, I C . lUum? fiei mcst f | i i l i i t mcwj f u u iiif ?m f i ?
is.\sb-, 1. i\so) I tim U C I Siti?iî, f i f i i mtl uift? umm I C U f i msfu mm if?c ucn [ Sui?i?iei B.
ii?5ft îsi^ tfiit mi? itc itc? I iiiff?ijt?mm? fU I S i v s v s ; vs 8 i f f S . ) ntSfm-Wtn ( f i m 8 S fto)-ii)?
wu mfifi^tc? i U ? uiitc utU mtm??lfiil, fiitui mu nt u f i fun tuen utut, mif?, i f , 8 i 8 ,
cull l f l nt titcn fiwi, mfiici? ^ meimt ufic 1., is.s.-ioft, ftU, ib-o-is>o] I Stifci inen ff? nft
ucn [ f. mi-m"sufif, Sfm-fu, i i t., fi., if^fs: i f l i t i êci tifi (f.)-ifl? ijfm twfm
f?ititv'-m>sfi, 1. i f t , i o i (?s?tf mf-, 1- i5, i o ' i ) ; ifimm f o i t m n r n i u i
(1) rnifi % i t m i i i f5um ita^ if? iuf
? t f l f?1t, muf?, 11., 1ftb--S>, v o l . S.-ii, 81. 8Si-, iVo ;
11. i 8 f t nt , t ? ? f fic#^] I mitci? ffte lat m
ief? Iitm fifen iiimei wj^ fgrnci ntcitm
cuff u?mi Hm "s i i f ^ t 1 ? i ^ i?im wu fSH itiiHi ^ffimen I ficil c ^ t f t citfifci? ^ i t R 4 v i ' t c ? t
(iuf?, I f , j i - \ s ) I tir?t t^fitei? Uuei ie?iu mi^Rm l<^f c?? mu fieuvs cwcaj icuwr i e i s Ufjm (m)-ifl?
i f m m f f t ? uuci ntew? utffn iif? t i m
iitfm f i ^ f " f wfimi uu ?ftcw nft ?f? uuunm
if?efn I rfiew tmt f ?mi ?tffsiti (n)-m f ^ ^ (f. f?wR, 8 s ftj, vsvs g c!,i) wiu mtitei? i t u f i i m ? i f
Si? 4ff& wtci? f i m fif 1-iit? tti vs ie?iitei ititu wtft ftn mien Mi iuf if mtmiii S^sie^
m ufiufii (Ibid, fti., i o v b , i i o , > i . , iis.-\oo, i o i . , cmu if??tcn (Sic? gtu) i iflt m cweat Uf^m ( m )
I t l t l S? ^feu? cweait m?ffen tfiie tHu' (ifatm
8 i J ) I tmt tmiei? 1 ^ num vsi^fim^ - m m
W f n l ) i m f t un (f. iflt f i u m u f i fimf u f i j i ? i ,
wm u m - n mscf? St? fm m ifimtfii (ibid s . i . ,
i\s) I w n m mitei? ifîci? fisite? mm fm? iif?, fti., i v s b - ) I l i l t i m . fif trnm-n ufn
?#c S i t f t ifiu ciiSlifi f?wtei? fim Setm if??ifli i rnnrntei fiiai vs W f i t f i i c ? n t U f f m ( m ) - n
wn-f?wtc? m itiiici, f i f i m wiut f f ^ -flift nt w f ^ i c i " m vs liwum" v i t i f t wtffet c t i ic? ( H .
Laoust, Essai, i i v b ) i t n Ufcn mc, iflt wfi?l 1
n U 3 5 1 ^ num f5ic? wttu ?f?e? (wtfm), wtm?
S<3i ^^c? itmuen u u o t i u s f v s (u'vsu) t S ^ ^^c?
1 ^ (m^m) mt iteei f ?WR (f. -flt f ?wtf fieiiu
ium u f i fun-ifl? fmf, v s i . , hv s muf?,fti.,i o ff.) i (Hm, iflfii ijvo(2- 1. b-) I tf%u' itcci?mm c'ftittm
"ît m Stm (nt cit lesf mtei? -afii) ii?i tt s t T P t t nt tu itcci n i ? ^ imtffi C5m m^ff
fifiiiel? wu 'fl?# vSm wTuinff va?t mt? ffici? Htf m if? c i w t t c t i t e w ? f i m fifam n i c n
uiffiei mw ifie? i mtntf c4ttf >s tt?mf?i fiitm it f i m f ? I c? cm cweatt t f i a i m "s f u m wu wf^f?
itc f 3 5 ^ u f i f i i Smi mitei? ciffii -ku fim i^m?^ c? cm ? j f ^ f t f i g f T i #?f? w f ^ i (tifu') Hw f n
Itc? I t m U U C I mit?f titci? wtfi mf 'fl?t leiftf? i k n i c e t t ^c t i f ? m^ff f5 ?itm (mif?, v b i ,
muei? wtfi "s ut^fn m nwtHm iHc? ( i n ffc 8 i f t ) I f i c i l cat fwtfifiei? i ? ? ? t i f ? i t i T i i f c i ?
iTt?ei? ^ f l l m-tmfii mtei? tew -flift wr3
ff^H i i i c i t^f? m 'SCI u I m i f u u fiewe??ei
mf^pitf f f ^ li)??, lilt mitft f l f mtmuf ifimici? nft wtm tm Uff itc mog w t t ? i u n (ifH'^)-?iei
fi?fii?) I ' \ uH ien u I w u f i c i tuu itecn wtmf w t t ? f m
mtfiutici? iuH i n ffe imci? finft f i S^31?iCi StiH? w u Stf^ t l i f f l I t a t (ibid, fti., ii,vsb-) i
ifHRnfi?iet fie?m i u m ? itmmfiii fi^ fai^ iifîc? Sfm-wtff (f?m 8 s ftSi)-iii? iH u u o t mnemu i
tfimt (?u f ^ , Sm, wTu'wi, tui, mm-tmi, tm'. m i f u u w t t i n m f i e i i c i , tm i c u e i iimt fiHi
tntf fiicm
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b(th
m cwm -fiTww stHim m i ti#w? itmp/itifi), titen 5 f f ^ t i m - n w m nrctwr

art nmmfim? mtMnt? TO % I in<pfvic i i i i H t 4 vs ?ivsrJHHi<)> mtitm^jcuHRt n H Mim I T i ? ifimei I mf? Hm tifci ? ^ ifimen "ici?
m I itm??t%t m icn, fiHmin wu i f ? # n s^cmi iem nft f?fif%5'miet (itmf 1 - f ? , i i f ? , ii., oS)S>) i
w t # 5 W5jtn? 2(iM nt i s m m t t m HHmm? v s t i i liitiei m^ 1 ? twfiten "cmi ?^ i^sm" i?tiifif
m; mfcn tmr stftcw tHet n emit i H w<if?% ( 8 iiiti m? frHi irmt?
Hmnmt? uHi nmHc tH^t i ? mr? cm itc*rtiTfn Si? 'sit??iet w i m iHef^ i fif itmmfiii twfm-
wm tHn?ifn m i i t i -fit wrcmi Hm ifmt vj? StH m f i i m S ? i f ^ mcimtfn C5mw?jiii
n%7 sfftcw itcci f i m n ItHf wfUfHn! fi%c?>t sr?t i m wmi mfimiet f?e?nf men i t i ?ff?
M n m Htft I fim C5m m m mfim waf? nii wftrcn fH iHn
f n f t e n fitf iffsnten (wif) s t f f%fH i^, V I , O i l ) , tu iHiHmiei? cmapcit wHest fn m i
wNm<t m c i f m n s t ^ i t m Hmtw i ^ muei i iifi ?wifi fffm tim-ci fii'wrcs Snn i m â
itmuft i ^ m t t v a t m m m lintcns tifti, i t , ?ff? imn w?rwim nsH ?rcn wfc?rei w f f ? ien
81ft, 81, ^ (ii#i-ci tmen n H Mitm liiinict (v^, 11., I t o , i i i , ifto) I miftcn fin?f m ne?t
Hemn wftfH ^ n ) , v i , (s.o itfU-iit? srt fieim), itm?mfiii va muen '&fui|t stftcw? iem vitiH f i
M, ftio, i o i , 8 1 V (fmtn w ^ iiften Hmt ^ n ) , i i , ntm^t? Se,i?(et tHifi ititci i m i cm twt -it
81ft, 1 1 , v , t i , i s v s (mm n t atn i m fBmtiiii ffft? f i t it^si atm wm tm ?T?itf?i tfifm Hmei
ii f?in titei wfUH i u ititei),fti,i<^, v i , o o , v^mem wifie n n i t i atTSf?tffn mu?t i?ci (tm
i 8 8 (tu n H mHf? Sn), i i , 88v, o i , i v s ^ , fti, is><b ItHi fHe) wtmst?s Hm -nt tUe^ ?mi?vct ^?mi'f
(tit stifni imei mfî l^mi? atf mimit), i i , ( f ? mftsft)fiim fiemt ificn fum wtitm ific?
ivjs, V I , ivjsS), S ) i , i t s . , i o i , 8VS1 (tit nft fn Gftf? cn, m^fiiifrm twfit?ei tmn? wTt?iif? f f % i f e i
mf^ w ^ W f n e i ? atH Smi atm ien s ficnw ^ f n ifi?t? Sc*tciT ? i ? i i ? ?sf?c ttn i Hf ismmf f&msva
fiwiiei? atH wjfn i m stff?); i i , 8iS), oi, i o i , twfm-vfl? fit??i i fn I
i f t v , 8 1 , 8S), t i , i 8 f t ( t i t if? mrm?^ imrm fH stn, t i m ' v f l n viiiH w f 5 ? f ? tfiiai n? fH
m ) ; 1 1 , tvb, i o v , V I , oS)S) ( t i t mcsf? I C U wEim ifimfli mte iff? fimi. Cwtnt?), citi tmt n t
fîm fft? cif) I neif tif?t mfî fwr vs wfism iff? f i n ? i f (mifi f f ) fn i tuen atfft?
f i m ?s#^fti ufîenff^ci wfn? fu m ?5n, nf? Hf% liicf wtcint tuen f i t va wtf^fHi stfH wm
tt tmci? c5m f m f f I m i t m ? m f f ^ f t f t ? wm t u e n n i T f ? atrrf ?it<ramei tum -it cgff^ (m
m cweat fHmms Hm iici? mm ftm m (v^, i i i , m i1'^'?-1is?t?t ^mi-?tltm,,'fif?, il., iiv (bis),
I i o ) ; wff?^gt?iftm?tim,The Reconstruction i i i , ivjsft, ib\r; WH-'omiitf "i-trnfimt f. ivsvJs) I vit cweai
f. i i f t - S ) ; i ? i f f W f - , % i ^ - 8 i ) I mi-ftcn f i f i f twfu?-vii? cm imm atemwfim i t ( n f ? , fti,
(t^fi) (t?t wSii (^m?) sjfH nt fifii Hm ^ fffiS3ten l i i , V I . , l i t , i o i . , 8 0 1 , i i i , ivjsv) I m i lit cweat tU
S t ? t m c?f?m stmen Hm if?e fim itmmHii i t n " w i m ? srsjtfit nft tf?ai ij?ft?" wti cfi iff?
mtm tit n i f?e?iHm atH fjft mi?i ifnten t tmci? Hifnfcn arH n H wr3 w n f ? itfn i c n atitei?
mtffi ??fm n t v^fijmfr i f f ? mttem i H fifii afeetr (i^, I f , iv, i o i . , 8 0 1 ) I lit m i H wH iHaj f i n
w?eiiff? Smi wtfic!? wm^s nfici mft im it?tci mf t i m ' twfUcn imt? wfcitn m mu WTS
(f. miti?fci?- 'Sirm' nt i m i i ; f. miff?, oi, o i f t - t , f i t m,untff 1 ^ Hg cweat? St? wiff i
i o i , 8ift-oft, i l l , l l i ; mf? fim, ^-vsmiiffi- (1) Snei SiiHi i m atcEtr? arcji fimcn
tmfi?Jl, f t . ; t n ?tfi, fim, ?en i S ) O i 1., f. ftfti-t; wm wti-f ?m? ^^^tn ffmf wfmm m^m itm im
A. Merad, Le Reformisme musulman, f. I t f t - ^ J s ) i vs wfim ?Hmei, twfit? Sm -inH wti (,^, i f , os>s>) i
itm??iHici?, fftfc miffen mir w?ijmff?iet i t m ? f i i atmen vinH citl wt?< itcei, atejifim?ei
twfiten iT?ii m wm mm iH tm- nft ftH fiemf wtmn mf vs tuei mtimf mfi? fiwmtci ?jfîtn
cm fH ? 5 n (mvgfiAin, fm/Hi'wt,^ tf%m/t?Hm', itflit va wfS ^te itn I mîe^ St?.iiiwfii m , tm
t m f fiiem
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Contents
t m hCtH t m
fimm? (?rf?) iic^ twfm wi5fff< (i^, i i , i v , io>) 1
Ituw m f#fC5ra iew Hwei wtm? ?t%: i ^ iH?rf mtmtfimti? ^ cm? fiei? mni? ?mm?ieir fmt ?^rf?
t u ite iQ wtmn wmmfi (itmi) ?mei ff fiemnt ( ? t fm) w?m mfc?? ifffi' (fm) mim mtfii ?tm
w f n m t i n < ^ I twfmn 'flt f?n W 5 j ^ ? lifS (twm')-iflt cweat mfcn nim?en mrnmar ?, titen
ftfii w r m m m i n^ fk f?m muH^ wfifffet twfm-'fl? ?T?uen wf?f i m icn (i^,
imm mtife? tm fmrnmei mmrm ?#e imf m v f , 1 i > ) 1
ie? I t m fs.ifif im? ?if^? (f. ti%, i i . , i i v I euff< iflt i l i fififieien wtemi wmm ^ cgf?
tmme? f??e? ?]f%5? twfm (tmm i f i f ? ? ? ) tsffm nmrtei fefu iHe i t f ? mten mtitc? Sfm-wtn-'fl?
?mem mj wj i< i ?mem irm? fff Hme? t^fm mmi iemwj s ( i ) mff t??f?i i t m f (iitifii
(mtfn, w<t?fm, ??e?fim tJlf?) f m m ^5^-? c?r? mti^, fim? vs ufiif? i m ^ , mriHi fBt?fi fin
f?m??fi? ?ft m ^ ?wj f i m s-s,? ^^f^ ????? mme? tTtf?) I iflt mi? cweai 'Sfm-wif?' miten t^mitf imi
tm?tfnfff i1?e? ?mwe^ ?m i e e t itfie i t e ? I ^ fim iici? mitmi wfm wfimff 1 e? iflt imi meifif?
(?) ???e? f ? m wit? i?if cwt wfn? mtn? tnten fmt lewr? cifwe ntew? itfii S^mm? mc^f
nv imw vs ?j?ufn f??mf? S? cwestt it?ilf -flft ^c I ( 1 ) wi?iew citn fin wfitifii iiic?
timgn iestt? ??? twfm nt Sfm-wln (f.)-'fl? mftf? i f t mmif^, citn cweat Sfm-wti?-ifl? twfm mti-
fl? I ciemî? fien 4e^?i t?? wfntff (fmm 8 s <?>) f?wten C i t i l l wimrc? irtirm iemwff? t i c ite?
nttiten ?tf?f, tmi? ?ff? ^m nt f?ei? fiei? ?wm citsfi? mit _t?ft ffif% ??, wtll'f-fiitm (mif?,
wm tmm mmm?mm ^ m?jm?mm n " Se??t mfie^ 1 1 . , ios>) I "flt m cweai inemum wwcn wm nuiifi
(wt^m-in vamm-'wti?) flcn wm ?mew? iew iii?t t m Ifln fim m ifie? m C5m vs mwHime? ^ Sten
mcîf fim iic?? wfimff flcn [Sfm-wtn-'fl? ??^ i t i^nm cmi isfic? 1 ?m tit Siif% ifie i t c ? c?,
VQ ffim i?ei f. H. Laoust, Essal. (fab nt Traite de twfm c m Snm? ificifwe ?j?m im '5ei nt *pn3t
Droit Public d'Ibn Taymiyya (cicm^ wen Tjftem? titen fif^ tfi (itmti, itmt?)-mgiitii faufi?
ntci) I wti-m^mfiff, Sfm-f m, % av mf? f??t, mmff?, if fioiim m if?e itc? 1 trnm-vfl? nft ciliftf iteei,
1 ? . , 8>1, o f , i i - i l , 8 ? . , i>>-1o(2- ( ' e ? 5 f f < ) , (2-i., i V o - i Smfi-ifl? m^f Rc<iHi iiem ifln cm? ntm i m if?e? m
(firm 'wt?^-n wm?!?), i i i - i , t?., i 8 o , i>b-, b - ? . , mt f?wm vs fm-'fl? ?t^ 't nt C5m ift itispiiff
i o i , i i i . , iv!s8) I Sf m-wlf?-n m m f iitew? wm M n
m
? n (tmm) nt m? mffi; (m?ifii-) wt??e?? icwj iflt wteitei twfm wti-iffi'^ f?itm-c ?fi
ilit?|[i i t c ? I mmn wit?i cmirm ifln mi? fiimtfi ( g . ) ^ C % n (f. J . Schacht, Origins, f i l l 1.) \
nm fif m mm? ?rp^?fi c?f7n mfif 1 e? tittim' fgte? "fim twfm nt mti fim''-ifl? nteitnt
t m m ?mfi fi?mf? wim ?jfî ?mt imesf icmwi n ifimei (mif?, v o l . , i-sv, e i . i o o ) 1 titen mme? iff?
(i^, ft?., I i i ) I iflt i l i cweaj, twflten ?j?m ifiew wtc? (m') ifln fii f i i ? ? f ic?i if?e? mm c m ? j f ^ i
i^fi i m fiemfim fft ifie? (i^, i i f , l e o ) 1 f#mi? imie? Si? i f f i (mm g . ) wim neif f t f ? f i - ? f i |
C i t m i ? Sfm-wtmt (?f[? VQ misfMn c?m)-ci m^ôte? witfime?? Si? grff& [tifim ( g . tifim n t
wffim ifie itf? mmt mmn twHm ifia cwspifi tiimm)] I ?ff? utite? mm-ci n iim fii?';
(i^, o o b r ) iemi ifie C 5 t t iên mm nmat "wtatn wfi?n" (mfi?jt)-?:ei fiemt i?t n 1 i t ? i t m mtat itw fiiiwn
(itfm)-f^ (i^, V i , I W ) 1 fsmt ifi? 'wm ?4 c?m n i i n i f c i wifim ifnt mit (i^, vi., o>v) 1 mtmiii
iestm mme? ftfi? ?j%? m?tm i f i ? fiei mtm?, mmifus fnm'-n i f f ^ ?j?iic?? wfite? fimtm, mm vs
mmen m: w(t?Hi ?jm? c^nt? ift w m ^ f f f l ? , tifim mmei ifmm, i f f i fii f r i t itfn fiei?
Iflt icwi ifdbtfi twfm f l ? mi< w?? I Wfitifii fiei? w?fm fitm -flt m '^f^ ntmen i ^ m?m
?T?fiic mtf?tt n ? H ^ mm Hsic-nci S5,i ^tf^ Si? I C ? ? [lit mtitmiei? iem iiteim if^ra *'f? ?ir*?c<? m
iffl, titcn ime^ "Sfm-wtf?"-ifl? ffim im? fl? ('SmitS'i-iiiim), f?wtf mrtut mmei fieaiifti m ;
fittfim? mt?w? mme mtmi-ifl? fiemfi f m m^'fme? fm-ifl? miiei? (wnfwtf *i-f?t) m, mtm ntew? itfi?
?men ?ft itfi n tm fif^ im (i^, ? , i i - i i ) 1 Ri??ifci? wm ?ffm?it ficn (i^, ti., i-bs) 1 iflt sfm
mtmmft ??ftf? f?cm(? ?e? tit fn mtHi w^tm fif^ s n j f R f ? W I J f . mif?, ti., i-bs (wfcmfi m ,
mme ?m itmei, n ie^ i n imfi fr ite Sntfi m f f mmei); ti., is.o (iiicmu fiui, itfi- iid);
tntf Hiem
t.fi.Qr/vo
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Contents
tfffA
t t . , i^bt f . ( f f f t n t ft I t f - r o StWttJlTf? W l f t f t s f (f. ( t f f t t , ftt. A i o - 8 ) I f f t f t t t T O f t t twtt'-cf f t t e w t

tfr AtAftAftt, tt., f . , v t . , A f . ) 2tfi:5f w t t t t A t f t f t f ttfT ( f . Wtt-ttft'^, f t f t f t , f . 8oO, tt iioft, liltt
t t t r t t t f s t f f t f t f ^ t l t t A t A ATAAtt s m ] 1 lilt ftTOA ACtT 8 t i t . ) Wttt C f t t l i l f f t f t c t t f t t f t C f t S|WtfAAtett C f R
A t % i ftm t A f " f - f Iftrt wtf-Wt^sftATT-'St W f f o ttT A t ^ l i l f f t f t c t t 2te^ f t w t f t f t t e f r f t f A ^ r o w A f t
^ftotf '2tAt f f t t l C A t ( f f t f " f - f S t t f t M ) I f?rWCf A f t K f , c f t t f t t t rott f f t f c t t t t ftt, 8 i t ) I WtAttt t f t
t t t ^ ftttf ^tcTOtwftAnr-'iit fttro ftf ft3! mi cmt^-m A t f f ( t ) littt ttr A t t t f c t t f t t t t ft3j=t^ f f f t trtt
tTit tttft^-'flt A t f t c t t ftft f t C f t tAt>2tAtCttfr i W i t t f t f t t f t r t t t ^ twtf-cf W f t t f f t f TO ttffftA (ft)-ro
W t A t ftft s t t A C t t ( W t A f t t ) CWm t w f t A t t - ' f I t f f f tfCt f l A t f t c t t f t ^ f e t f t t t t f ( A t f ttf) t f f f t t c ^ t ( w t f - f t ^ s t t f f f ,
t r t r o C f t f ^ t t t ' t A t c t t t r t t t lilt 2tfC5f f t w t t , f ^ f f ' f - f t t , f. i o o ; t f f t . A t . , i o b - , 8 f t 8 , ftt, i V t ,
w t t t '|fTft-t t t f t f t - i f i t w f t t tttft ftArt% t r o C f t t i,ob, t t . , i i b - , V t . , A f t 8 , 8 A b - ) I f l A l t t t e t t f C t t t t t f f

t # t t t (Tfft, t t , ibs) I tftig t t f t t r % t tittrtt Ct C f R t w t t ' sftrft, f t c t t ct f t ^ t w t t ' l i l t t C f R ttt
fC5tt At t A t Atc stttft f f tttttt (Att) tt^tt ro-iiltt W f C t t t t f C t ttAf C t e t t ^ C f R i^ffCATt f f t f t e t f t f f
w t f t t Atftro WtftWt t t T O f t t C f t f twftAlt-'flt t W t f f f - f t f f f # R ( t f f t , ftt., Ôb, t t , ifebr) I
C f t f f f trtAtCt f t t t A t ftCft AtAt f f " f - W t f t t t t t t t t f t t t t f ti2Fl^ R t t f f A c t t t f l A t t f t c t t t t e f T t cstfwc
cgft ftftft f t t t t f c stcttt f i t c v s t I f f f ttAtc f f f - t t t C f l b t l f t t A t (sfettWtCAtCt l i l f t f t t f t ' ^ ) I f t t t
w t t t - i f i t t s t f f A t t f t t t <3 ftAtcfrt f set tftt t t A t cftror ftifftftt liifttg fttttf f t A t t t , ctft t t ftftt t t l i l t t
t A t C t t W t A t t f f t c ^ t c t f t W l t - i f l t f f f t ( 8 A S A*!*) WtCftCf f t fttt f t c f t t t t t ftftf ttart Atec? f f " f - w t t t - i i i t
t t t t f t f WTftt-WtCftFTtt ( f t t ) f t t r c t I T M f S t T f t t t C t t ttfT f t t t t A t t t f t t e w t t t t t t t W f (i^, o t , iA, f f " f -
t r f ^ t l i l t t f t f t t f t t t t r o f f c t t f tTt rot t t t w w t t t ^Ce?t tAftt, f t t - i i l t Îtc ttAtCft C t f t f liltt tAICit
f t t t ^ t t I t w f f A t t - ' i l t t t t t f f " f - W l f t t C t t Attt tAt ' j f f t f t f f t f t cat f t t f t t a t t f ^ wte?, fw'wtf^ f f t t f t f t t
A r o "itfft f t t |. f t t f f t T O f t C t t f f t c t A t AtcC? 'wtft f T t f t A t m\ w t A f t f t A t ) I % f " f - w t t t - i i i t stft wtfteTt
tsitt' ( f . ) - r o f t c ? # t i t I t r o f t t r c t f t t s wt*[ftf f t c t t ( f t t 8 8 ftSi-iiit t t t r e t t t T O f t t f f ^ f t t t f f ) f f f t t t
t t r o t t t r o Atrotttwft w f t t i t ftfttt f t t r o Rt f f t e t i tro WSt^tt f f % t t i t f t t f.1, ^ f t t t AtCC? f t f ? l t
( 8 ) t w t T ' s f f f - l i l t ?rtft t f t f t c t t t t t c t t f f t t t w t ^ f ( t t f ' f i A t , 1^, ftt., Aobr) I l i t f t t e t f ^ t t f t e t t tetttt
lilt cwus'8 ( t w f f A f t - r o trtt) t t T O f t c t t w t f f t fIf WT^ f t e w e t f f t t stfc^ t t f t t ffft f f " f - w f t t - i i i t t t f T C f t<=ftT
f t f [f. W t t - t t f t t , ftftft, f. 8 t it . ; t f t Attt, t A f f t , f t t t t c t t , WtttCtt Wftt (ttf'Wt)-iilt ftftffCAt WtTttiet'
8 t . , i o A - A o f t lilt t t t c t A l t t f t , t t f f f t t f f t * ^ rotlffCAt ftCtfbvs ^ tWtt'tiCt (i^, ftt, i f e o ) I
f t f C f t P t t ; I. Laoust, Contribution a une etude de fttlfWf ^CtftT-iiltfftSfCtftftf% fTOfCWT, Cftttit
la methodologie canonique d'lbn Taimiya, f t t c t t f t e t t f tîfft w t f t t e t , t f f t e t twtt't trtAftcf t t T O f t t
i f e o f e f ; 1^ C f t f , Essai, f i o f e t . ; J. Sehacht, Origins, cpffftTc^t l i l f f t f t T f R f t f f t f t e t 1 TOtAftt tro tit <3
f . brA-fe8; f A t t t t t f t f f . Reconstruction f . ibS f t t t t f c f wt^ftfttett t w t f f f f l c f t I f f f lit fttet fiftfftrt
t . ; Gardet, Introduction.. .,'}. 8 o o t . ; i^ C f t f , La fS^tttt f t t t W t t t C t t f t f t ff|tct t r t t r t f t t A t t t i
Cite IVIusulmane, i i f e - A f e ; WtCtt f . tsTtt'l i t s T t t ' - C f f C f f t f f t f t f f f f f t t t e t t w t t ' - i i l t ATtAfftf SfCttt f t C f
t f f t c t t f f t t C t t f t f t i c t ttr f t t A t ( C f t f 'wttt'-iitt C f R f t tA f t T O A l f t A t t SttR f t t f t f t i f A t t t t t f t f f
f t f t t I f . Wtf-ft^stlfff, f f t - f tt, t . io8; t f f t , ftt,. ( i f e o 8 f ) l i t t c t W t t t s t f t t f C t t Ct, t w t t ' - C f l i l f f t ^
i b - t , i i t . , A ^ b t ) I f f f t t T O f t t t A t Atc f ^ srsff Wttt sfttf sfffi^tttiet fttft ftt ^ft
c g f f t t V3 tAiffJA>tAtCtTtT t f f t f ftCtbtt f C t t t t ( t f f t , (Reconstruction..., f ib8) i t t f t t fttt (ifeAA % ) ftfW
ftt., Aoo-fe) I f tAl C i t t c t t t t f t t s f t f t tttttt f t f t c t t tt - f t f A t fCtf^ SttR (Wtf-tttf'f-Wt'Wlt)-Cf fAftt SfAtCtt
Attt t t t t t i C t s f f t t t f t t C A ftt., A i o ) , t f f s twtf'-iilt WtT lilfft f t e t t f t f t t t t i t A t c t t rottft f t c t b t t f t t t t c t t
rottft ftwft (8 s iift) liltt fftAt wftfttict t f r o ( f . H. Laoust, Le Califat dans la doctrine de
'Site? ( f . Wensinck, Handbook, 8b-A; t t t A t t t , t A f t t , Rashid Fîda, ifeob- 'j. Ai t . ) , f f f lilt rottft C f t f
8t, i o A t . ) I l i t tAiftt f f f f t ' f t f t ' (twtt') l i t roro fftftft ftSSiff ^tt CSfWttett WftA I t f f t A1TOR WtCftCf
f t f t f t t t f f t t t t t t 'cttft' (Wttt'Wt)-iiIt W C f f t C t b t t f f t c t f t t t f f f f f r f t c t f t f r t f t c f A w t f f t t t c t t ("liifft t r f
^ t c t liltt CtCtt^ tffC lilt f C f TttftftCA f t f t t W t c t t f f f ^ " ) I f f f t litfft w t t f w t f " f - f f f f f t t k t t s t ^ f c t t I
t t f f t t t f C f t f ' f f C f t t t t t w f ' ( ^ t - ^ 5 r f t t ) fftfc A t e t l i t f ttttft A t e t w t f \s wfw t r f r o c t t t t t c t l i i f f t ^
t f f T f fttCfR
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Contents
bah t m
m men I T O Hciio f # 1 " mif?, ti., i8o) 1 leitiH tit mmi mwMn wm
itm imm isfmm i iît ismfff M n ^ *ftfi stHtHlt wr wit?i f i m (v&. \ 5 i . vs^t, ti., i 8 o , ^ o o ) mm ft? va
mewi me< iHm itfie? i tit cm Hen nmei mrnm miee? fif^ ?ii 1? 1 citwm tit ci?i mrl?i fiii-ifl?
m i if?ei m 1 tm itc? i^-fotc? wmwMn stff? mme stisfi mmm "wtm (^.)'-m af#r wtt?i imtHi H H
t m atemwf? mfmm iticficp fmwt m (f. A . (T['wtmit) wim "sf^fi wfim"-'fl? fimtat lei 1 'wtm-
lUerad, Reformisme, f . v s t - b 1 . ; i^, Ibn Badis, m cweat itmnii m f i m ( j _ a _ e ) Siei? fimen n t
Commentat., 8f t?Tt?) i ?Tfî cweat m itci Sf"i-wtn-vfl? cweai fime? mfim
ifma mtm t i t stHtt? ?j?itf?im atie^ 1 1 1 ^ 3 .îvtem nt twHiten fo^ imte?? itH ie?? (wti-mvamfif, Sf"i
cifittc i m n mt, i i f i i t m i i i t i t Siif% if?e fm,.v!it; irm, 8I., . ^ i o , ti., iah; mif?, oi, o^t, ti.,
irfwrHcn ci, twir'-n arrfîrfii ?iei? iT?jeit i8o-8i, i S . i ) I
mrfimicn m K t m f ff? m m : i Sm-ifl? Sv8?ei? vitt i r l i m e i ? m?jei itmnii c^t n fiic? wrmi
n f t f 7 uewi i s ? 1 liit armm i n cil?t m it?ten stig fmt fiei? m mfci? ?j?ftiat m 1 c i t m cweai
c?, citf? t w m ' - i i i ? w m wtm'ms-t wfimaft<3 n 1 I t n still <)'f^^tc^-t I mf? fim ie, wrm m fit??;
t m ^tH ffimt I t f i c ? s ?f? mrite?, tit c i t m s f?ie? emir IC?? m I f f ? tir f i f i ? ; i^fie i f c ? m 1 m m t?
f i ^ e i ? (tifm) fH ^^n, c i t m cwc? at^fi m ^ R m i f c i '2?i i%rrcn citsfici itf? wtn cmiir ifie
H?rm:i? miiei m^ f i ? 3 i mift m n mf?ei; Mif?i ire? m (nf?, ti., i-bs.) 1 c i t m mtitc? wtm f??
mriiîfci tit t m wrv8rfi fimr m m twfiten fH ?Hmen c^^fiei w i m t n % ( J - L C ) ?R:I I U I H C i t c ?
(v&, 01. oib-, t i , i'hii) I 11 file?? "nf ?Tf%me1?" cm
afcirci? mmei i f ^ S-tntci m? ?5f?c? 1 'Atrc? tit tmm ?fei f i f i ^ m 9m cmu ?m? wfim mt i mmen ffim
VQ 'mi-'ii? i e m Sf c? cm figtf% fniei ifSp? itfici cm stjifit wit? (Uf'wi)-ci me? 1H1 im tit
nt imtfii fimi ^ mfieffn stif? cweai m e m I t i mticit mmu w t f i m mc? wfimf 11H1? ' S n f i i
stcmwf? f^ mfmci Smi stitc? i i t ? t m ifi? 1 fin imci (uu ?T?m nt ^î s t e u i tJiH) f - i m
(a) 'tmr mt. 'mTt-n I C I T f ^ it<??ifis f^r^? f i e i i u c i c?n w U f i m ntfi Sien, wfitifii
?m mmf citf? m?m;l (f. mim t ? i itm, H . Laoust, m ? f t i 3 t i ? , tmmmmif' (ti., l o i ) I
Essai, ist-br, 8 8 8 ) m*ii?i timi titm (f.)-'fl? f?w ' t u i T n t ' w t ? t - n I C U u<?n?ei? m?iei
f?w fimf? i e m fmt fifi?ei? iwitf 1 -flt cwcsva ititfi?Ttii liin t i l f^^fti wmificiitm fim ifie
mircn f?w? wiftcn I'lew imm c? ff^? stiii ie?? miln < n m f fmen mei mmf? 1? iif u? sm m
itcei, 'tmrc? cweat m f i ^ ii=fte? â fmttei ifiuei nt ci? 11 wiHuotc? ?f? wmci iHifi "^tmci,
mmi <f?m) t m ?rff (^^) i i Hitfis im it?ie^ 1 i f i v Q vfltm fum m f m ? ^t? stfHr 1? 1 Si?f t m
w i l l ? cweat wm ?f1 f i t n I t i k n i f t i t f ^ t i n u?Tei mmm st^fi wtt? Mi fifiifci? itur mi
Hi? cweai Sf"i-mi? titen f?w? fim nei? mfim (m>Qm muei) n t sr^fi wtm-wf^mmci? m n H
wfimf (Sie?f. twfm) I f*jsn va fmt ?ei? wfmf iâm m ff? mm? 1 T i t e n
( 1 ) 'tm wri-f ? w t i ltd Sf wm mfci? s n ^ ie tit f n imi mm c5m fiitif mm ?u< t m e i ?
f i f i r o wtf^rtfii wte?i-fie?i-'ii? iftfi 1 tite wtm? MitjiH (citn ?i, wii-iiffi?Tt wii-iliit) ntm*(fii
tmm (m'm?5?) itapt m ?i? â wf^, mmi â itm fief? ift wfii? fit??; 1 -flt ufiii?en u?jei f t f ?
(f.) t T t f i i i ffffif wi^ ?Hmei 1 >flt cweat itm wt? f i m va uufifi uiftifci 'wtu?vci cfff^ i f ? U
m t w f i f e n m?jei wm nw mmi ?f? Sfim m?ci ;tiH wfns? m f i Tjftfiei S t i i f t i u mte? i A ? t tntf
cm stm wH I t m r n s t ? ^ miien cm stcBtt mf"fote? f i c i st^fi fif%^ i?if ?tm I C U ?m u<ijifcn
st^tf wm I 'tmt-n w i f ? ? f ? itkcm f m im (tifmi) fwm .mi i f ? e ? 1 m tit sttfm iûtijin
?fiew fimei? c i g f i f 1 t i t i t c ^ c i wt^lej? ?stw mte ite S\| Hf^ ?f? fi?riei f n ifie? 1 T[^n time,
^mmii m m tm mfci? fiie ^tc Hf5te? sfr<3 vflt icrnm m - A I H miHf<f m u t m fU w?eitien
fieimf wrifttm mm, mfci? ^^^ti? stH ii< ^ wtf?i fcmi m IC? mte Sm-^ i?c? m mwMn, mf-miHi
fimci? t i t f ^ 1 vfl?t wtufi n u i m vflit iei Huw ifie? 1 t m f?i
(1) 'mm (witi, I t m , ?j?m) ?fic mmi "itfi? iti, fiiti ^ 'tmu mmei fifiiiel? citi fiPs
?5m?f?" ( S f nitfiiTt) fimt cwai f m ; "mt ?Tfî ife ^tc? vfl?t t m f wtten (iif'wr) iH muen imHi
wim citfffn fifit wm mmi ^c ire?" (mf? f?m. ? ^ f i f i ite ite? I
t m f fisem
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Contents
tm tm
wn mt-n mi i f l t ^ i t tT<<W4?Cm fd iif*?t mwf?; f. Kerr, Islamic Reform, itJs i.l i
aff^fcw imttn iHetfm Mfwofn f l i t (mf i ?if?Hmi?m5ft?vsitft'mi-ifl? ugu?fii?mcimcmu
flt Hum uf? tun vs wH-utvsuHf? mtfm ? ? nt ifiu titc?? ?cu fimf fftci mc?ffî?ici ?t?T ifiuci?
stmm mmt imuif m u -At cm? iui' f?cmc? ( t i f ? , "bi, i 8 t ) I Hf ffi vflt usfii ^tc cm? ff%?^
Stf^?: uf?u c?,f5U?tftt??mt??J?tm cm? cm?- Hm iU? I C ? ? ut I fH/itfmic? ?cu itfm ( U U tuu
f n c?t??ic? Rc<Mi fk itc? nt c?twu S m m?t?u5%r vs 'm?t-'fl? I C U U'îm? m iU? w f ff) mi uf ff
uHc? nt cm cm?Qt? 'mt?t-n mfim? ?mf '5f?c? i i H ? H fH ific uH i tUci miimfii?ici R C ? M I I H U ,
mt mmci ffn^ mi?fmm? ? i T U ? f t v 3 mmt i tu? ?ff? mttc?? icuci? cwai ictmmc? fmi??i i?t? mu?u
?i?? mimtfi?it?c?? mtcufUs n t f?m itc ^ i f ^ mmci ic??u? uue? 'ifiai' cwai ê n ? f i ^ wimtu??
fu?wt? mt?f I mtmfwt?? tfu?t tuci? uwNn, u?Te? uu Hftm tuue? iH citfii ?m?5f^ ?? muc??
mtufims u Utffn f|f-m?ff? ?1?f ufic fiu Su Sf tsffûi-vfl? fi?ici mtu m it i ^flt ie??u? m ci?
uHmtci?, ?fus f?tc? v f l t ?u? cmst mt ? j ? f iis mf^ 1 ? m*[Himi#c?? Si? (mwf? f . f. f i m
^tc uc? I ?fum: mtm?uf?u:?? fftfsfc stTtc?? vg uUfiti-vfl? 2i?*?fi, fiei? fu? mti-fm? m fifim
^5111? ?cu stt f f?5ici? nt (mfn mfcwiifci? uftc? it? iiufu'i-f'm1iu, ?n?cu iJsvbt(. i tuc f H "mtffii
m?f mt?ju fmcit mf?tc? fim iic?? u?tu uu u? i vsif^tovoi? mcitei itf'mte-? cifm ffifci? V A I H f ?
Ui u cm? 8tm? flt?f iit??m mtt uu u?, tu? ?Ttut"-? Mim cu?u iHuei? ('j. oy, <flt mf?e? wu
mcivs Stmrnm? ' S i f n vs ?f? u??c? mtcUci ifffms fH?csltf?fvsîtUci?) I mi^<ff ?c?5v3 t?t?t va 'mtu-
itc itc? I f i f i ? f?u?i vs si^fi ?j?ftci mgfiu fici? vfl? I C U u<ii igf^mm5m ic?twf?m ifmt ?t?uf iva?m
u?m? mtcuci i f ? ? # i uu? mm mmci tmmi- n?, mmisu i i t i ?se? i umfi?jti? tite?? fiw w?ftc?? icw
fig c?t cwc3t tu Hf%. ufic itc? c?, <flt m i ? if??? ^ fiitc? ?mu? n9nt i^fui%ie?? (^^ft) i ^ ?w?fim
Sm?c?? mf^ cffiu fwmtm cim iitc? tm u?? f???m! m^[f?i f i i va wi?f? fium tmrni-vfl? Su?t?Hi
ific? u I v f l t imcsf ^ K ? , uft fgim? mum? u i i umtmc?? micw ?mi ufiuci? i vntmc? tumHm*[H?sm
V8
mm mtmtfi?Ttii f i f i ? uft? f f ^ icw im<? uc?? cmtt iUimHu:?? i H v s n H ifrs? uuu mu!f tntti? i H
iHucn, fig muc?? ?c (tfifi?m vsm? ifc? utc? U, f?im? iHift iflt?\i mt?[f?im i u f (mtm-ifl? v&f^m
Uite muc?? mit?i m?ft? f ?mc? iffl! muc?? uu iitfi H'^^m) I mtmtufiii -flt cjjf? mîfiumti
mt?i mu?t? miU t?itf itfiuHi miU c?t? f(uii? tue?? Mfiuoiiei i ? f ^ tnte?? mt?i i??m ifimi
ifiift ^c itc? (f. v f l t f??? iicsf mif?, i i ? , ivvo-vt, "mtcite?? ?e?tm"-ifl? mftm??iei iU ie?? i
' t m ?ii ultci ?iiim u?Hi, ?ff? va mr?iln mfim? 1 1 mtmiw ni? g tntei? i#i f?i?fi? fif^ i i
iU? ifiuci"; uf? fim, fiu' Hi-fw?fmm-mi^, itumt uu ?wifm, ff1?ii, wifam U i i ? fitmf4 fiftm va fif^
i v a f t i / i J s v s ^ ; A . Merad, Le Reformisme Musulman, mcffii ir#iti vflit mfitiifi? ?<i^f?iei i i t i m
v i f t - v a i , Le Reformlstes et le Feminlsme) i fn, mm nttmu fg, mtmui ni? mtmuf mmf?
?fu3 tuu itff? vs ?flm f??c? n mm? it:* mtf?? iflilt w3 vesi^ff mtiiiei iHifi i ?fi^ tU iit? ftfii
ui?5 va <iiitic? u f i i faRtfi^mci? icu uim-?mc?? ntew? mjf1 n m i H ciftf nt it?? ciUfti
icuwffuot v s i f o ? ifiufic?? (fici? c?t m? i t n U i leume?? mft iuH ûei, mt*t??lf ? i t i i t i f i tntci?
?^s}f? mc?ci? ?tu f??H ?cD, mtitfwti? i?^^ va mt?ci i 3 F C ? ? iHva fieifi \ iit ficiiU ii?vs muifiott? (f.
' j n I U ? ?Ttuc? c i r n i i ^ft m?u? ufic uc?? mt i fitm 'mt?^, mti-tmi vsum-um 'mim fiiH-fiH,. iJo,o
muc?? ^ftfc ft? vs iiffmc? mmci? m'itm (uu f - v f l ? art., mumt ivs^ViJ>oj>; i u f mf. ii'mt it??,
muu ificw lius ?Ttut ific C 5 t t IC?? ut) mfifu3tc? Le Europe I'lslam, imcU iho<t f ; v&, mi-tim ^8Um-
(iff? vs uufifi R*i?>ifci? ?cu f i t fmtc?u ttfiu? icctm uimtfiut, iJsoi f - l f l ? art., um), mm mus u uuwtei
f5?t? mtt? Mi ?uc?? cm? nm i?(f? iucmtntci ifnt ijm vs imum ieiti mmei fifiiiiei m m
m3 i f ^ ifiuci vi?t tu ff^f^mc? mcnsfnvs [<iit usm mtiUe?? Uue? Smf? i S? cweat mtmuHil
imc5f 'mf 'mf?5m-?if?i- ( i b - b - i r - i J s ' b b - f ) tu?mi?-t??m V f l i H 11 ftite?, V f l i H M i ffuu?iei nt v f l i f t mitil
v s U S f f l - l f l , 1t?CU i v s 8 v a - 8 8 / i J > 1 f t - i f l ? U^^?f1 vs iiufnvs?ts^?fi?j?fi?iti timm musttm i m i ? cctt
iTfllHi m??jf?fci Mi vs ?msif^ w i j f ^tc m?2|?f? i^?ten I vflt i m Mfi? Iici(|vQ tHie? S ^ it liiuci i
i?t? c? ium if??tci? mu? fi??mi mtm?uf?ic?? i 5 ( i ) tmei? ff^ u f 8 (1) mmfm uf?iei i iflt
t m f Hiem
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Contents
tf=ii<
<mm ^ M f ? ^ro t m f M ftfwf ^ t s f f t (gO-iii? f^ (ttf'wi)-?ict I f tTttfMt t f f t f wtett csH, fstflftf

spnsRH t e f #tR^ I M M ffe w m t f n i s m f t 2tf% f t ' l t ig f t f w f t 5ft3t f t C ^ wfft s t f t t fftt1C?t I t A t t fttfe
TO (lilTOtaj W t ^ , m ^ wMtTt)-ro f W t l ATst .TOSf f t M wtf ATAft f t ^ = M f t e t t t t t f t f ^ f c ^ f f f f t
stft? t r o TO? TOSf sfft? w5Tm iTOit wttt ttm i W f f f I ttf'WT t A t t f t f t t ft TO W l l l A t stwt ^ c
f t t t ^ s t w r m wtwi^t TOT w f a r t M ( t t f t ) f f f t w ^ t e w t A t t ct w t t sfTteiictt f t t stfffi 1 tAf cftwtT
l i i f f g w f ^ f , f [lilt ^ [ t ^ TOT3I t f f t t (g.)-'^^ '^^^ f f f f t c t f f f f t c t tifctt (ftlt) stefwctt (tifiM')
t i t ^ Atttt?, lilt cwm'G ^ i f f t t TOt m^ f f c p t t f S fft f f t C t t t f ^ wttt tTtft (tft f f t f , ffAtt, wtf. i S . 0 8 ,
ttTt ftfm TO f f t f W f ^ t f t t t f t s f At) I WtAftCf f . ftt; tfftt, M . , iSb) I f t t t tAf fêtt t ^ c f t f t f f t e t t f
Wt^TAA fAtTTft TOftt ftttf A t T f T O (ttffwT g.) f t f f c s TO TO f f t c f t t ê, iAtett t t f f t f t w i f f f c t
S t f f M Ct Cfit s f t f R T t M TO I t A t t f C f tvsftt f f t ^jf^ [lilt TOttft f t T t t f f c t t WT^ fait, f f t M WT^
WllTAt ACtT C f l t t i t t t T f T O # t ( s l f f i t M f f ^ t f C A t ttt) ftîeA t A t t f f f f t f t t f f t t t e ? t , t t r o , it. (ivfev %,),
t t t f "ftftt TO f lilts, f f f t t C 3 f t t t fCtt ( t t T R t , ttft i, ft, ( i S - o A %), 8ftS.-53ft; t f f t t , it, ii. A t . , 0 0 0 - 8 i ,
t w t f t ) ttr^^tflft f t t t t f t t stff f t t t f f t t c t t stctiwftt! i o t . , A i o , 8 0 t I WtCtt f . fAtttt 'Wtf^ ftflftf *-Tsft,
f f " M t wftftt f c t I i A 8 , ibh; fifft Wf., V 8 , i i f t ; t t C t # Wf., i o 8 , i o 8 l 1
ftffiff fftMttt, lit ftttf f f f ttfctt ^sittT t A t t w f lit tt Ct, f t f t f ^ f t f f M W i t t tTAftCf
ftCtTt fff% I fttt sfc^Tf ttft fft^tCA W t l t ^ ffftft I lilfft t ^ f t t t t i C t ftCtbtl f C t t , f A t fftt t f f S T f feT
StTSTf ttft A A WAftCtt tftCStfWC W t t I t t t t t t w f t f t f t Attfff fft I TAff tttif f C t t Ct, ttf'wtet f f f t t
(f. f A t t t t " W t t ^ t t f t f t f f . i<t(t-b, fttft Wf., ftft ( t f t i f c t t tTf^t t f t t t ) wttf t f t f t f liltt tAtett
io<b, t C t # Wf., iAft) I tAt t t t A t t C f f f f f t M ffTO a t l f t w t t t T A ^ < f f A t t T t i t t l t c t f t t stfM) W t t t
fra! (tfftt) W t f f f M M t t ' f f f wff f f f W t f Wt*|M W t t t ^ H t f t t (t1"blj TOf f i | ) CfttfBt f f f t tt I
f t r o w t f t t stff ftfsR w t f AcitTt t t r s T -ê w TO ttff ftAttt lit t1tttf& f t t 1 f f # T Ctt t t Ct, f f M t t
( f . f f T O ISO 8 b% 0 8 8 o i - 8 ; W t S t f t t t f f f ) I tffCt f ^ C t t f f : A al^M f f f t t t T O W f f t t f f t t ttftCA 1
ItffffA (WttfWtC fift, A ^ tTtft) tfftctt f t t t M ^S TOflftfftTfft tAf f t f t t f t ^ t t Ct, tT-BtI W f t M f f f
f S f S t M ftTtTf ^ft3l f t c f t TO I ff?t t s f f W t f l i l A t sfff3F?nfftitt ftttM A t T O TO f S r t t
( t ) t f f t c t t f M t f t f t W T t ^^^TAt f t M ftTCAQ <3 ^tctftftt tfttt fTtef fftftet 5 t A t ffte A t t t ( t f t
f S M A t f c ? , ttAtc f t t 5SffM C t t M 1 ^ f f A t f t ? f f f , ffAlt, wtf. ifeoA f , i i ) I f t t f f f f - W t t t - i i l t f M
iSIAt wtf f ftttfWf 4|tAtWt ff%C f f f stftt Cot- t t t t J C f f t f f t W i t t ATtftt WffcttWCtt fAttt f f [ttttM W t C f t ^
t # T f f ^ f C ? ( f . f A t t t t 'Wttf^ f t f t f t f *-t^sftt, i t A, ( ^ ) liltt twffAiett f tict] liltt lit fcwT ^rst f^tTffAef
f t t f t Wf. ii^b-t; t ? J t # W f . ioft; t f f t t , 8 8 b - 1 . ; f A t t t t Rt<ibtl f f , f f f lilft f C 5 f ttftett witctt ^ fffffCAt
t f f f , R e c o n s t r u c t i o n , brfe, f f f t Wf. i o o ) 1 atf f f f t t f t t t stRft f f l i l A t tffttt f TOt f t f f f f
(A) t f f t c t t f t t w f f S t t t f t 8 ( f ) lilfft f f (ftt) ftftet I t t f t f t t I f l f t f f t t f t fftt tAtt f t a t ^ fftttc?t ct, attTM
f t r o t t f t t C t t tTTfT lit CWCai C f t f Att f A t t t t ( f )-iiIt # t c t t tttM cwcg t f f i t f t ^ t c f lit ffS lAtt WtT t w w t f
ftftf1Ct fT<wftttt tMtt t t T t t W f T O t f f t f t ? f a p f - f f t c t t TtftT (ft>8ttit) f t f t ? (ffftt, A f , A o f t I
C f s j f f - f *?!) I f T t t f f f f i A ( f ) - e f t C t t f f f Attlf?f f f p f f f 8 f f t W l ^ A t f ? ' 8 ' t t f f f tttttf M t f f f r o WtT
f f f (Sttlfcf tsfCft t t s M t f M (. . .) lilAt f f f f f t C f C ttt It CS^ w t f t t f W t f f S ' , ibt, i 8 o ; tft f f f , Mtt,
lilf WtllAt stf ^ T O WtTO W t ^ Wttte" ( f A t t t t *wrtl?, )fctttt i f e o o t o ) I fef^ ftttffA "stc ftrottMt
ftf1f1f'-t'Gftt, iofe; f f f t W f . , feft; t t t f i t Wf. i i S ; ff^ WtAtt f C t t ct, tAf Ate t f f t t t t f r o ^ f t l J t S t f t t T O
Wtt f tfftt, t t . , ibio, tS. f f stfCSf, ho) I W t f C t t liltt ct C f H cwcat ct C f H f t c t ct C f H f t M t f t f f f f t
M fttftftt t ^ f f M f w t f t e t t trtt ftAsttttft f^ftttt^ tAfcf t r t r o f f f s t I
f t t t f fftct, ttfttt l i i f f s j f f f t t w f t t t \ fttt tAte ( ) t f f ICt4 f f t f t f f 8 f t t t f f*(lt fttt ttf'WtCt
a r t ^ stilettffeAt (TO? ttff ^ tesft) wttt stettwft w t f t t f f t w t t f T J A t r f f c t t f ( f t t f t t t e t etTtetctt
fff M Attic? liltt ^lAlCIt f fcf ffT TO fftttc? f tret ftftM) t f f t f ff^ f f ^ s t e f e t t cwm c f t t t i t
(f. f A t t t t "Wtt^, ftftftf'-t(Ctt, i5353 t . , fttf Wf., f t t t t f w t c f t TO f I f t^rottfffett wftet lilt f ^
i i A t.; ft^ W t t ; ttcff W f . i O A t . ; tfftt . . . i o t , lilttCt ft^lft5teA W t C f t M ^ C A f I f t t t f t f t c f A f t f t
88V-(I-'!>) I ( t ) lilfft f l f t f W f W i t t 11 wtt f f f tttf ' w t t ^ (ftftftf'-t>afft, f t . ) , t t f t t f f f t ( f . J . H o m i e r ,
tfftf ftttftt
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Contents
Le Comment, coran. du manar, f f ? W*1TT?) mi u i ruu f u m St? stHfl ?nii H?m n i c R t ift
tff f f m Cf. A. Merad, Ibn Badis, Commentat, flcn ?tu ntc?? I C Sifs; vg i f c i g ff^ff i ixit Sctrcii
du Coran, 1? m*tjf? ft?) m t t f ^ m ? mfC^tMl f i f m l fifu f-mci? c? cim S c i ? mte mitfc? ffir^fn
Hftm Cwtfm) mtsFt mmmf s t u m m t m m m ic??uci Semtfi i u ituci vflit ifH? wftm U f c i ?
itches?, f ? m t n ? f f fumi (-GmtwifT) mr (Hmm) c?u? tm ?T?ifc?? iH Semi m? i u ituci, mm iH
Sc?f? sfHt H c # f i t m t e i mi tif c^m? Htfim? u u TjH mnii ific m a t u'f n ut i mitu ijrc?ci? cit
iff i t c i ^Hc? u I fif fH? U U C I smiths uH: ^c? i m ^tci? iH'fH mi?i ifiuen ime irf?ei fs^r
f ? m m ?H u c?fT c?fT cwc2t ^ sfcuf fmt??f ?#?tci, ifie, fiH^ Hn Siifl; if?e, f i t iuei? ( f ^ ) uue?
mu c m c!=it m?5i CWC3J c?'sH u c ^ [ff??f.] mi mtf?ci mjci n ifie S n n m? i u ituci i m n ?
m?uf m% n t utm? mfci H?i ^s^c ?m f ? ? t ? Scicu i i t a p i mmf? iH mtflfs f ?mf im mmen m mmei
m?m?uf=f U ? f Hu?<[H stcuci? f H H umu? ic?? i nru imnme? u?m ifiuen ( f . G. Fiugei-vA?
tu? u?jc? f u u tut uH I C ? ? c?, tm? cm?m?t ^ l H f % i Concordantiac, t U C mm j v t ' J vi t ' f J t ' C
um?u -3 'mfum-n sfcuc? u u f f t uc? u, ??t s T f o U m ^ j J, J d ^ , J v-i imftifn m iH m n f n u ^
tu S? cwc3it Se,ui m? uc? m i ?H?ci mu? mfmi cf=ffie itt) I itewei f u u tU iufen iC5tr ifiuen c?,
f?^S?ii?miff,fHusm fcuit ?mu? "3 S,?mu?c?SsuHs t i m m? <[f^c<t>'VfliH ' s ? 5 f f f ffim uiei nram i^c?
mm ( t ? ? ufm, fiim, ?f# ifeoi, tb- f m i t s t o - n vflit tu (?r?uf?i va îme?) m ijr? cwm m?
i H fumiu) i mtmnic?? ?T?UC? mrtfi ificw ?u< iifei Sntft ie? ( f . mif?, is 8 i..-vfl fiem^ mitmfii
im?Hc<4' w i i i t f ^ m c ? îmtc ? j ? i i ? u^?fu fie?tuei uf? fim fifit va cmueu i?f ? w s mm-tmi
f?iim imtcici? i f ? ?fftc? u f i u ^^âmc? mm m c ? f f " l - f w U m?-Itfu v g i t ' l - ' m i l vg?t1-fil? v Q U l - t l l
1? I cUm mtm?i if?n?ic?? ?c 'mim itcmi -ii?? m i - H i u vgu'1-nm v a u ' i - i w r i ) i
w^ uf?tci? (uu) Hifss um "ft ifH"? [fifu g.] m -3 ijm mit?tH mtmuf i m m V A I H >sifff
i f e ? ^ I C ? ntHsic-^tci tu wH mucimiff ?f?fnm? f f i m U l ? I C ? ( f . J. Jomier, Le Comment, coran.
f?cuf I 'mfim ?f?c m mf^mci f?fm u, c? m nest du Manar, si U l f ? ; A. Merad, t n ? t f l ,
I f Ui?? u f f i f wt if?c uc? mi ffûc?? i f l t Commentat, du Coran, 8 < wum, f?) i m m i U s
liiifitmc? fumfus I tuc IA?? ug?ci fmcu i ? , c ? f ? w ? lf%im? iu?m U f ? m fimi ^ fitmc?? ^JS" Sfk
m?mruf< f S m ? mf?mf, um u u mu? m f ? c^m, nm n, fimen wt ?i?c i t c ? <fl?t f f fimnf m?i?i
AH f ? u ? i f ^ Si? c?fT f??c?? fu5?m? mi m n f i ^ ifie i t e ? i tm ?r?uen uuei ci iff? Si? \siu^ imm
f? f H m ? mcuci ?itut i ? m i ? u s m i H m?i?^ f??mf i ^ ifie n ^ ^ c ^ vfl?^ f f t ? f i f ^ imen uuei itm
figm vg ^ i t f i ^ f u s ^ mmiic?? fSmitu? m^ itu itfi? if% ('tn, f vavgu) mw? vfl?t f f , 'Jifn -a
^ i f m fumi ic? i titc?? VA?? V A I H mu, 'im?fi l U t s imfii m?ft mwc? nm i t c ? i itmiiei? ciif -at fici?
m f ? i ? fHUo im% iic?? t ^ um m*iHi mm? ift T f f t c i r c i t m i vfln V A I H liici i f i f ^ it ie?, um
mmsfuf4, v f l i t ?c5f muu c^ ? i ? f H m?ft? mfifitu i m im m? men M n -a wrifi furni? i fmt vflt
U C I mtu muc?? mc mtmci? ?mc?? ? f t i j < # t c ? urn tu Renan-vfl? Sifrfi ff^mfcn (tmi Mmfii
v^nmmmg i vit cwm tu mm i u m,i?f< c?, i H i ? c m m iHift) m i^??ici mn? i vflit le^ tu u i i m
mtmnf ifftc?? Su??Ui smimci fiitfi i t c ci-su imfi meim? ( t n r n vfliH stffSimfi im) fnm
1? u t I im? t u i t c vi]t?ii VfliH mitm H? c?, fH^f%i i i t c i v s ficil n t n I fii itui m?ff? umfim? vs uim
T[f%5 c i ? i f?itc?? w u mt?fw vitmm? mt?? i c ? i iHc? uue? uuu fiw fiw n-i?en m tmei? muf fif
vq?t mtUii i^ff%? (uu) icm? ijtc?ci? c i f f i i ? # ? t e i wm m^rwfi ft fitm?ff f i m i m wm s
f f i f c i (m) i f ? iHc? (f. tif?, fti, si-b 8 ficufmu ifsiei? Hur utut mr ntfii ftfii ?twffe^ ^Mnm
m/Uu) I m ? i T itmiuHi? ? m t f ^ -a u i f i i fSmitu? m tntei? W f u f fif ifiuci muen wtm tmiei
i r t i t c ? mtcif Ssitf f l c i ? u i fitm? "mti^ fiififf"f- fim i m i?itei i t m n i f f o t e ? fim ifiuen ( f .
m f i (uitc mf<ftc? ?icp ??ci v n H n f H i i f i i m fitm 'wt?fi? fimf? ifm vg fic?tf?m, fimtf'-
14? I U ituc^) v5?t fmr^ mn-ff? fimtf"i-fii^ (uu m v s f l , ifeft-fe; m f W f . , iv51-ft; tteif W f - , ifti-vs) I
i f i n f ? f f u s f ? fiitifci? ? ? ) u f i t i t f i ? T t i c ? ? tmen ?uf Hm, iite?i vg uuei iitfi, cîtfiei
iuf ?T?m? cm? f i ^ iii n f ? mcmm u v a m ?m imt?? if?ci iitfi ite? t m i ni1te? fim vs i ^ o j ^
tntf fiiem
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ft fRffff f t (lff M . , A O ) I t A f sftf \a

lAWTATf ^ , f t t TO (i^, o A , A'5s, o 8 , iob); TOt I T T O T O
A t f A t -a MlWt f ^ s f t t f T TO AfAf AtfR? AAC^ t (i^
ftA., AftV) I t t f t A ^Km fItA f f W t t t t TOt arf^rc!?
fJtA TOItCtA M f t A W C t f W f ( i ^ , JJA., A A ) 1 t A f W -

(8) t f f l f Atc^CA TOtA W t f A ftrtAf ftl (tffiA
At-af " f - t t T O , t f f t A , i i A . , ôb) 1ftf \a ttffwt ttfttR
t f f t A Atc^CA f t ? f T O t W A t A A f f >lfjt t | f t f TOt
A o V - V V S A t f A WttA TOT f t f t f t R t f ^ tfflCt? TOftlTlA
t?^ fftt) 1 f t r w t t f f i w ? f f fT S t f t t f ? t fffAttro
f A I S "TAtOTA ? f t ? TOtTAt*tftA W f t " A^fCf? t C A W l A ^ t
(lAtTO "wtAfA, t f f t f t f ' - t ' a f t f , i t i ; f A t f t W f . , i i < ! j ;
t t T R f t W f . , i O f t ; t f f t A , 8A., ab-8b, f f ^tW, io8)
TOt t A t WtWtAt stt W t ^ " ( t f t f f t f , t f r o , liltstf ifeOft,
% b , ^ i b % i A f t TOt i A S i o V - T O ett t t t t t f ) I lilt
c w t W t ^ stt W t ^ t t f t t f f t r t A f f t t f * ) f f A C T O f
fAt, sftttfflA? f t r o f c t st#t t t f t TOttf^ tat
iflft tAtt CftTO f t C f fC5t f f f f t t I lilt ffft
f t t c A t e t f f t f t t C t t t t t t t f f ? -a W f t t f t t t C f WtCftf
Sfttt f t t r o TOT TOt t A f 'Q*t tAtWt t t t s t t f r o TOT t t ,
t t t rAtCtt t t t W t t W t t t f f T f f t f f f t t t t TOT 1 TO t t
Et^trtt rotttt-a f t T O f t C t t f t f t WWtf f ? f f (f. J .
Jomler, Le Comentat. Cora., du Manar,ttt W t f t t ) i
ttAt Aff, fAtttt "Wttf^ t t t r o f t C t t f f T O tfftft
f ^ t f t f t C f W t t f t f t t f^ttC^tS " t f t t t i r o M WfCffCft
t I f C t t A t C t stctctt Wttt w f t f t f t " (fttfflf'-t'aftf,
i t A ) I f ^ t c w W t W t p f t C f Wt^ffCtt f t t t t f f f f f t -a
W f t t f t f c t t t c t T f f f t t t f f t , t t f f f "a f t t f f f f t c t f t c t t
fflTO I La Religion au service du peuple, in Orient, A o t . ,
( f ) WfgtAt t c t WtAttCtt tftttCA liltt lilfft (ihbi iftft-'5ji)] W t f f f t t t wtf-ftttlwf t T t e f t ( f .
# t t stfft t f f t f f ttAf t f f t c t t f t f t f WtrTCtt f f t "fffft fttws", t t r o stft f f t t t "wttt f t t w f f ftctt
f t t ^ f i f f I f t w f c t t ^ f t f f f C A t sttt f f % ftf% f f t r o f c t t ) f t t e t t f t f f % 5 t i t A f e t t f t t f f t sttt1t s t f f a f t f e t
TOT t A t s ) f t f r o I WttTtfros -a t t f t f TO f f f f t A (f) stefWT I .
"ftTTO f t f ^ " t C t t fAtAtt t t t t r o t t C f W A f t f'ftf (^) f t f t f s t t w T # f T t f ^ t e t t S f f f f t w f f t t f t t e t t
f f t e t " l i t W f f t e t tAftt t ft'it A t e t , w t f A ^ t c t w t ^ t e t t fttftc liltt f t f t t C f t t f f f f t t t f f t e t w f g t A t s t f t W t A T O ,
t t f t f t t f c t t A t f t f t f t t f f t f f t A 35tet" ( t A t f S ^ t f f f w t f wtftt f t C f t f f T O t f f f t f C f S cfttttt
Atftt) I ftt TO TO (i^. At., O o 8 ) I t r o w f t f f t c t t CffqfffCf
( t ) w t f - f t w f c t t W S f ^ f T f f A S f T O liltt iiltfCA cwttro f f ( i ^ 8 t , A i ) liltt f f f f t w t f t c f lilt t e f f t f f t
srTtfWg t t f s f ^ fAftf (TAft'8't-ftfTft) S f T O ff ttt f t t ct, f t sttft Cttftffftf C5ttt f f t tit
"WtWfAt t c t W t ^ t C t " t t t t f t t f f - f t ^ I C t C 5 f lilt f f t Cwt^rtfttrtf "f-wtftfftTt) f t c t t c f i t t f w t f Wiftttt f t t
f t w f t WtCAtt t t t t t c ? , t t r o S f f f f t w t t f f f ttfCtt f w t f f f r o t c t T c f t t t -a t A ^ t t f t f t , t t t lAt ' t f f t f
f t f t f A T O t t T "Stc A t e t I lat ttft f t W f C t t f tTCt fWAfCfrt t t t t f t t W " - i i l t tctT W S f ^ A r o tctT tttttc? (i^, iit.,
tett f f t f t f l f t f t t ro ( f . ftro, liifsff i J j o A Ao8 kdb) I f t t w f t t t f t f t r o (pan Islamism)-iilt t t t c f t
t . ) I t t t t t f f - i i l t te, lilt f t w t t t w f t t T f % # lif^fcttt lilt l i l f f t f f c t t f f f f f f f f f t T T t e t t t t w t t f f f -a fttffff
tt^ -a t f f t s t n t T O ^ t t t f t t f t f roro tew if^fRft tttefit f f t ftffff (wtf-wtftwtf"f-tfftfftt) wtttf
t f f t f fttCftt
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tm
f l w H - w t i t i f ' s 'wn^m-mm wn-if"Q?iiR>f ? 1? i t e s atH iîtfn f i m r wtfic!? f R miei fi???fti? ?Hf
mtrnmf tfit?t'=t wgmm c m c'fift -srsuf c t i f t i f s ? f??e? tite?? wtcimt ?!tf^ m ifiarei i c?rct? Si? i^litfii
SIC*)! 'sj^tT'ilil Pifli-i ( % i U 5 tfffsi W i t e n m i T m<3Fl H m ) vs mtffi ifwc?? W f f i f i ^ mr^ m ? fic^ f?f%^
n t f f i ^ f fu?^ ?j?*ii? mne?? C5tit ira? wtci tim-vfl? itmmi? ft t i l iHm? itfi? i?t it?tei
?lt, ??t n t ?c5f iiim f#ni??ci allien it[? f?mc?? m*(l?i fic^ ?t?tfwi, wIMi, i ^ ? m i mtffi me?
fttH? 'tH ?if?^ m?? ?s?it?i wi^stmf ?1C?tPt1 vg f ^ ? ? f i f i ? mew? atiff1? afcmm ie? f t fici? fici?umt
? r s i t ? f n nwm f H ? te?m%ii ?j^ iHitei? i -Atsie? mme? ititfimie?? atc5ttei i
c?s?? t f f itc? Smti? ^P?f? ajHH itc? I tif (w) ??mf?i "wm fici t ? m ' s arm n i m f ?!ff
mi? itc? ??s? f?H? ?n:|? 2tHHH;ilft <fiiH ?cit^ f i i t i mtc5? ciciwmmwim-'Sismf'i-Siii (itrb-8 '^.)-vi?
M n ?t?k?? ?*ofi? -sfiijc? ?tif? ?t?T 1 ? ?Tc? i i ? ites wfw i % mtitfi?? mtmmft wtemticn mt arsifi
t?? ?ff?-'il? strnH ftft ?f??? (f. A . Merad Le cwiflifti? ffiit?? ifie itH I vflt fie^ m ? fiei vîH
Refonnesme musulman, voivb ?.) i >fl??H t l t lteci (s^fef m ^ 1? I vflifiei ?fi?tti irftci? ?mslr
^1 Hf? ?c?m ?J?ft, GjlH i t c ? ?ff? Iwf? ^Tt ?t1t7S vflit f i m t ? ?!ri!m ?i*l?fi, wi?iew ??iw ?en mfim
w t WfH n fftm i^nj wf??i ^?t n w ? ? t 3 t ??? c?m vs ?!tmf I vflt w? ftlt fici?ic? i H i ? mt^ wm mm
(t?f?) i w t i t w i ??im i t c ? (f. f i t ? Htm?; W f . H. cmc? ie??m mtffi m i i m i iffm i m m ite?
Laoust, Le Callfat dans la doctrine de R. R.) I ifibifi i m itmcfe! van mi? ?tw'S'fl<* va mtmtfwi mem?
(1) frmsj? ?t?lHii a i t t f t n fijc<l??fci? ?fi?t fici mm ifi? ifim Rc?fb-i? i i f i i t mcsf <itt mi? c?ci
c?t?mstH?c?? wi?tc? ?tm?lH?? Hcmstc? t?*itf1 M n wrf? if^ fiHt im itmti wfi wift itc ff^ mte?
f*1JC?t1?fCl??fltl?fit??f<P9?IICÎ I iflt tnc*tJ afC?ltic<il(.? aicbtiji-atm? wit?fi i M mrmfwi fi'fk?? atH i
f l t ? t ftmsi? HtH??e?? "t???ft?f:i"? (ftmi) sfH iH??f? 'wr?? fici tim-vfl? S ^ vs fimiei f?H
Hci? ?5i??ienmt?t t?m?? v e m f ? iH ?te???%f He?? {^sfff e? fisv^ im m 8
n t itmw t?c^ ?f?tft msim? M n w?wt?? w?i HH i 1 ffg^ff ?s vflt me? wmtf'?-f? wii-wtiiift,
He?? (flft?, io?., 8i1; 81o; i i ? . , 18v5) I ftmt? mttifi n t 'wtifm-mm wii-m?tfift ar#f
?tm?fft Iwimt ?i?m ciwtfcs ?iiiH?ii?e?? tmei? ajemwft? itme?? wm stemwft? ff% fti? ic??
?e?im n w ?se? s n H e i i w s j i f i f # i ? f [ H f f t ( f . Sfi-fm-c ?f^ if?<âit) I vflt i m ? I t m f l l
f t n cstftei ?f?tftittftn i e m ? atm, w??Hei fiH? m^t^vf ? atm n ? fl? imî ^ê m wtmatiti im mew?
i?tew? i?jfi ??f?e?? ici wt*[Hiiffici? ie#t ?lit mt ^nfii va Mi S ^ mti? t m ^ tim-vfl? <ft f? (mm
fmHt? ?ifw i t ? i f m e ? f^ wt^Hi T|t???tarf? miiiHfi, mwMi mtffi ItH? aifHRrt fitt?? i m
afe?twft?fifs? ?fft? ite ite? i f?tt t i t ' s ^ itm! ifSFi ifem:i? f i m w e n c i f f l i ( f i t m 'wt?^
irm i H i ? Hci? f?ei? atjtiJl?itft wi?t tm H?5ei Hmtitf"f-m^f? lit ?jtiit? <ui*i, titc^ m m i?t ^^tmei
>iiiH ?t?wi?lf atHHRTt ??, ??t tit lteei atiH a iitvg? sjtifii ff%?iei) i vfltme? mtmmHici? ? m va
wt^ît?e? (twfH) H t t f fiHiie?? atH n f t S ^ ?iit?t citfii afmit wtmtfmi m i t f n cwt fimsi, aiiH va
f?H? # ? ? ?iait? wt*(l?i f ? e ^ ?l?t? atc?twft? wfe?t>5f? f f t f i atcetm (twfit?) m m mew? ^ S F ? ? ^ me5?m
n t t?ite?? C i t f i i itfiifc?? ?e?J n H immtij rnuie?? fit ific i i < 1? I tif ii c?, vflt lie?? (îfiti itf?
ime?SefiHc?? I ci? vs fiof mmf? ?*) mttffn ifititi f i f i i fSmmm -flt
ililfi?jlie?? i J i u i f f i ?5mf CI?? art?fn ?tit i l i m i t i f iici? wgfti H i I m i t i t f l l fisfti? f i ,
i#i Hi ?t, ??t tm tmn fimtHiei? fHH S i f l ; IfHiH Stici? I C I f t wtitm n t -flt m m Stif% c?
im ieBtt^s f ^ I tm ? ^ tii?t 1if if?m? ?t.t^fi ititfwi m m va wfe?fi i^fli? wm ?wm -itiH wit?iif?
f ^ mrffrnm (tit ij c?, mm t i t fl? wf f ^ ) wsf? S i t m I tit me^ mtitfmniel? -fliH itw fl? -at n m
ie?? n t c m c m ??? m t e n ^ M n ??te?? c? m m Si? n t i i ? twfm-'fl? m i t e i m?ie? M?m
i l i f n wf?taim e?fmft?;ei iHifi itc itc? lit m i m mte tmt?? ?m< f f i f t i (Mi mit^fi
fi?1fnte? i u i e i wt??e? ?it?t ic? i l i f >iiit mtei jlt(.<pii ^ê fS) tilt?? mil mtfitei? muc? Sm? mtst?
tm ?i?itHi i m t ? ifpt f l i c ? ? ic?tm vs ?t?iiim M R J I I WW? i m m I t m ait?Is<>?(ti mf2|fi t m t i ? mtmt??
Sc<ri)tt>i I C ? , Hci? c? i n cwm iff? f??? wf#tc?? cgt 'wm f f H ? m t i m^[f?i Ht? art me5im? wn
cmssi n t time?? m H i f t m m mmei? i&lcif Sn?c?? cn I vi^ I C f tit cit m ap^ vs S m i t ^ (mtirHi i t t f f n
tmf fi^cm
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Contents
t m bbd t m
sfffn) ffl m mt m t f f ( t ? t i itiwms f^lRit ife tnti) I ffi flcn wf^fii tiiti-^fli Scutîtn ^
nI m i t m f Utffn f t ^ i u n m m i m iusi i fm
1 1 f^f? t m (wtf. ifeoe it: ifeeo f t%) s <ijt ciif f i m uun (f. tm u^wm-^titit, mitu
fcn Slip nft iuf t^rt?, mtt ?f%i fwt m i IFEfe f) fH f?tm miT5^-'fli m fiHi f5tmtti liin
t n Itfm w] ff ffiit ftn I t n t lit i t i f ^ m nft unitn stf fir^t i m cett icn uif fli fiftt
ufwp f t t ^ i f i ciniiti Wfsttfi ifntti m t t n I U f'^tliitift I
sfnnf (wm-mt?f, wtf-fim, m t ^ i - ^ i ^ m - f i f i f i , (1) fSfifiuc stufi itmuf f M f i t m stm siffifi
wtg-fimrt, wti-mrtitf'^-mtffim sif mtHfft) flcn t n u f i - n wi lUH fims u f i i t m (^.
t i m ' - n mtfti w m mim wift? f ^ IFEt f) litit T^m i t i i fitm wi-t% t n mrf? (mi
ilntti I liin fitf ftf? stnttn stm stm cniti mttwtt IB-IFE f) I tfi fiwrcn nft iif? m t t i t n (stitH
tittitnt lit ^ t ? i I-v5i,fSfii ifee>B-II f) litit f m fg fitm w t i - i t f i i
( 1 ) fifim mtf'i-ffi wti-itfiff (ib-vbvs/i-is>i8) t n 'mffs ( i f e o o - i f e l o f; f. fitm w t i - i f f i i t n 'mrii,
f%m n j Aiîf i^ftm liiim f i ^ ittfer i tm m n t f wti-iiuitf"i-wfufiTm v s u m - l i f l i i i j i f ffii, mtu IFE^^B
tfn mt-wtitff (ib-fti-ifeife f ) tm utti ttfj Sn'f
I t n tmm'-'fli tmr (fit*ti stitnt? cwiflifti) I m ( 1 ) wnfwfertt t n u f i uf i m itmufiitn
n n t wtsrtfI-fi wH-mfr% sijw irf*fsn rm ICU flcn wfifSffiimuf cirffg *ii^fiiftmwti-ff
m m ^ m - i t f i wm-mfifr ( i b - v b i - i f e e v b f ) fifim (IB-feo-ife8e f); l f U 1 wn-'Sif (IB-BRLR-ifeibl f) I t i
t i m ' - n stf w] n s T f wmt ufit n < n i mrffi flcn t m i ' mifi nt ^su^jf iiiF mt sfntti itfi
w m m (iirbfe-ife8'5j '^.) flcn mm cmff cin (ntti ( f m uuiti ^f?lfi ititfii t w t t i ) I t f i tmi' (fiiiu
H f i t s wtfim-mn, "iffmf") mtfffii i ffi flcn ifeit f) I t n wfi?ifitti iitfi n f t itmum ufii
wtmtcn mm f? m n (f. m i t f i i ffmfer. La flcn; f i m wti-ufi w t i - t n f f t f (IB-vfe-IFEIBFT (f.
Nation Arabe, CWClsf iS.\so-S. wt1-1fm->il?l i m c n wfi-tiufff); wtim t v s f i - wti-ituf ( w . B IRFEFE f) I
ijf%5fo tfin fll mi ^ irmfft ffi st*tti% i f % t i t l i flcn i^fitfii mFfffii nt itmuf wttuitn
im stitm I t n I f i m "wtf (itri-jj-ifecw %) itfiftn cifwe wtifwfi w f f i itfHi itw fH wi ifSn flcn i
m i nrcfti sttm irtf ( i f e i o - < f v 5 ) , f f i v s iflim (o) ntm ifitfiuttft st#t itmm f i m i i i t i
ific cici tfi i?miff c m fltnit I fH fitm m ^ - wtn fiit^ sm it It? I I t l LIFT tficsffwt wf n u
m mitifci'si f? i i < i flcn mi tuti m i fim cit itUi m mtif 1Iff% U ifiUtl (f. J. Berque, Ca
1 1 1 itfifii mîfi ufî^n msf^ mr K I mtit et la dans les debuts du reformisme religieux
tim'-ifli sfH ftrm M n m'fi m icn i au Maroc, in Etudes... dediees a la memoire
( 1 ) fiici fitm m ^ ^ - v i i i sr^ itui wtutfm i m d'E. Levi-Provencal, tlfHi IFE^bl f, 11, 8ti-fe8) i
f l l mtu cutr5fttn tittn finm f t muifcn if cififi Ufttwi t i ' i t i mtfi iUt ufmtli itu
f i ^ ficii I f i t m irtfi v Q U w f (iirtft-ifee8) flcn m - ututn wr^^mi wm-gmf (^. IFEi %), tn'^-^Pî'^
fiitit mfifi (is>oo stff%) .iim m m i ffi (ib-fe8-ife8fe) 1 tfi stf Wfif t m t n fiwtiun f i m
tnttn S u f stmi fltn n t itiJ% iiuuff nft "mitn M n wmti? wttimtt n f wtif flcn (f.
fiwttn tifi i m I t n I f i t m finr wn-mrf Hesperis, ifeei %, I-Jje-feft-iii tlf'?-'5^?rt^ mfci A.
(ILRLRI-iS.8e f ) gtm (ifeib-, F IEVDFT ^.) W t 1 - W f 1 1 f t n Faure-f nit atni) i mtfi Wfl-Utf (W. i f e i o f )s tfi
cntcn i l witf i t n i ciUn ffi itmuf m U i ^ flcn l i i i w i c t m mttifi cii (mfuuiff n
uguiti wim m n mi cfr wmff cufifcn u;u fii^m-tifniti) litit ffi Hcwci nwi mtfitt ufi
itcui ifiitf ifim mi wrstri cef icn i fitm m^^- ific? (f. f m Autocritique, m - m f * l - 1 t f , mtU
m fH cuu Sûfiirff flcn n t f m wrmf fH itmn ifefti '^.) I
cetr icut I uiff irif (ib-fev5-ife'5jv5 % wtim-n lit n i iflt? stftrw tim'-lfl? snUli fiwiiti?
wt? m m iirif! (f. wru'wrf'-riffi unfi-mtfii fiwifif <iHt?f C4t t n f I t t i st^fi ufiitcn i
n t f m T r i m e s t r i a l mt filtltf"l-tntl, mtU ife8fe t i t i w ^ n, wiut? ili? i H ufîn fitcn
f ) I Wtim wtfi (ib-b-vb-ife<f8) fltn t m f ItfH ^ ?nt?ft t i i t i - n Mi Itufwi i<iifi i m m
tfittii nft f i i t i ftcn fiff (nm, ^ i t ^ i ^ 1 - uun tc?Twm tmi'-'n in:? umr ifium i tuen
t m f Hitm
t.'n.divs
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atcim I t f u i f f ?i (ifevjsvjs i.-c. f^nstniit'S); fi:Tm

f l
vstti-iiuf, t m i f niîfii vs i?tf ?nt?f? iHui

(,SVVfe-i5<5s8), f i m W t l - ' ^ ( i 5 o 8 % m) ift t tooo f m w f i i (f. R E I , Abstracta ifevî f, ^. ioe-vb);
tit? wiftit? nifst m^'Q (Brockelmann ifl?^ wti-ftfift (mcu-Ufiii, ifefti %; osfcm is-Jsi sj.)
^'iltHtmc? tit ?<f ^R?tcn, in S iii, oio-oa, soa-b) u n mtfif? atfitm vs i m i u t i uum i
rmm:?? i W ?mutf i t ? f ? f mtesf? w ^ i m (1) I t m u f wtcmn mtw t m t i t f i t i ? m n
' i i f f e i ca% mjtifi i i m m m n m m itn Uit ^ f m l u i o t i m f l l t m i f ^ ^ i i t i m ' - v f l ?

ift I !im ititHfi VQ mtifn nt vftmi^ffn *iisr5 atm it?t? n<fîi (Sunmii ? r f i fun? aruw wfUfiii)
' i t ^ i m m i wfitmn iin? m Sfim i ? j f i 5 cyf? fgt vflu vflift I t u f w i vs M i i?#? n i ^ i f ^ H n
;'iiit-wiiim?t ifni ititc^fli 1 iiifn tit mt tfin i^fuuft?ici fic?fb i t I
^sîifii^ wmiit'3 f l l nt Itnf Itnf m nft fuf? (1) mu fitu.f itci wtifwfmn? vfl?t f i ^ i t m i
< > i m wt^fn I t f f ? bt4fbC4i? l f l f m 'wm-tmf f i i c ? itm??tf wtcmm? v ^ f i t f i i u m t t m f i f ^ m
'itff itnfm <*t??tfl=i I t m SntiT fli nn -flift f % i ? Vfl in? wu uf I wim uu mft itu tim-vfl? i^
>^.'i1n!? vflt cwm tfmtir i f i i m - n - ^ f ! ! if atm^ (mtn? ifi?ti iticwca m t f i n ' m tiît i?)
H m wtfij iffi i?t n t n t i i m wt^[Hm? if Hfise, tntf fwucn fiwen ici futn ittn Sfiim e,i?m
n n i?t i -flt caf? wfff ift it?tci i?jiit ^ if?Tti ifiu ffi?tuf w i m '^'f utn i itmc^ ' i ? ? i f '
^"(icitntf intm f u n i i f ? i f t titu c?t iut? ^mn ?ci? wu i k t i ^ vs 7tm m m if?c uu itu
'if u?m m i iftucn ?!it m i ? <^fiprn ( m fli mmt wfiicg wtcitntf i f ^ c i f i i n i fieuf icw
v^tmi? ijftt f 1T wm iffmrfi csm) nt. wfif? tti tim'-vfl? n I W J f | i i f i g tmei? atf?m
ciffiwti^ iml? 1 ifi? fifii mitci? U ? T C I ?su tm I t f i f - v f l n ifi? ?j^ ffiu it?tfli uitu
iffif?ntf [wti-ti'sm'1-IitifT f.] tit ?wi ?sf?uci 1 m i m fic?bit? cmtf wiu wutntf n cm uîf^?
tmt wfmti? wt^mcivs a m m uf?un (iu ufltn lfl cm atm wtem -m? fieuf flcn, -flit <ijt^<'fei
?ifi?ciw U i : ^ icw fufii) i fut uiffmrfici? citt m i m fieufiii %fitn ijtfiuf wiu atff3tmfiici
itmun? icw fiufimn. u t n w m i i f|i, umt
Wffl?5f?l
f?5witfi f^.ii fnsn fiitf, umt , ? f ? n f f T n M n
(1) ^'wtif Uie I W I v f l t f m ^ m ; ^ w?ff^
<pfn a m ffi nt vflt, iri Hf% fli n, itmuf
fimi? ift iiff< vflift S^f?;.ici imrci ifiufi Uun n umt? fiei? iffici uufwi vs M i u?m
ifim m fUni? H i i i f icum i fis^ wtiTfftc n f n file? i m ite n f i? (Hnf - itfij, ffâi
tiiti'-vfl? v^ff fftm fiiti i??f Itti flf? fitfc^ I t m , mfif vs nf^tn uun); f n f f n ^ . (f. f^
I d itUHn Vfl MHi ifiim uwMn Siti-isn? ici i i u s f nt? 'wHÛei'? m m -fl?^ 'wt??eiiifei
wfi n I ifiSfiwtn wgate?ei? aiffsRftsiiei ai^nnt? itnitiiuen
im); foi foi i m f fiif wtiim (itftwm fieuf vs
(va) ifsffn i t f i f (iuti m ^ t t ) f ^ - m f Sifieint? fieuf, 'wm mwm vs ^y, n t "?ti5t-vfl?
Itift 'wmfum ?f? w??c?? vflift i^jêf Uiu^n? fnt cbu" (ifea-a- %) m wfartfi v f l i f t f n ?twMi -ffntm i
ficii m I I t m u f cuf? w?um cm n? i f ? mi ^ vflt m it?ei H usitiei tntti'-vfl? 'sitai imci ifmm
ifiuii if??n? fm I tim'-vfl? fiilatici? icu -flt vs tm citi ff mei lemtf if?U cmei, CTifsff
n? u f i fim (f. ifevao- ^5ir?f'i-ufi tut u f i f n f ?tei? wu f l i mfii f i i itc itmwn n t fimn
(f. i s > 8 o f )-vfl? m vsim^ u f % ^ flcn u vflit vflit m wu Wtftfl I
fifii m i t i wttmtn fc?ttci. wif < mi i uwMn () ?u mf? n i i f i f n uufwi itimfn wim
i r n u i vs i f n fifit ?jf^c^? im itapt ^b'tn-f ? wtemi (fifiu-ciun ihsb f, ftfiu is><n f, f n ihaa
uun vflt wtcmnft ^ fft miici ii<!f n i t i m icu i?em fSf?fiu ifeftvjs wtifwfiu ifevJsi %) wiu n
flcn i f l i m wti-u^ (f.)-? Ss?ff? vflit v f l m iUt n nci ?iwei? iH?e atwti iffS i? (fii? i f e f t i
nm Itm t m ' ^ wti-mif; f i f i ?ttitv| atm fitii^ f, t m ifeftv f, fSfifiu i f e f t i Wiu ife-Jsfe f.) cit
vs wti-itu'Si'-ititfi?rt (iticuc w?H)-n artm n nci wrf? fwt?t ^ lUUu U H P I I ifm?t vflfii iis
ifimi ffii5i-fi wti ut?, fifim ftîm wti-Hu'^ atim;:itniei? w t m wum wfimf flcn, fmfiiei
(f. ih'bd v ^ . ) ; f?wtn? vflift m?5f? f fsfufii-fmi-vfl? im?ie5 fiUfi ?m n i ? @ i 3 wfnte?? iei mmf?<pme?t
t m f fiiem
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tm
w=f "wrSk Hwfcn" fnwi "wm Mim m imte? i|t?f C5u? iHi itceii ?m <i'
Hfs c w [ iim wu ti# iHrs mrbt n i îvst^fvst fum? litcim sifff mi; wntcui uue?
wt uwfH? it Ta^^msiw f^ itu *ti f i w c i lirsR imu imftifn ?ttn iimm t i t wiiei? umieui WT<^ ;
n H i?fm (fim u i t c i v s ) wtu tfc cu:l, uu? iwi I C ? nt mew? itmnei? fasmtimi? Si? tit cifts:) ,
fll tm -flUii i f t f uffm um >flt m iffi cii< ie? I "ifltmc? vflft n i wtf? f ? i fin ic? t m w t v s i . :
1
(fmff, ' S I T U ' ) vflift cjff ikr ific i i < f i c n u, c m f f T n 'v^fitfii' m i ^ ufiimff m?em Si?' i mmr^
ficn imu m t n f tmen uci n t i m i f f i iiu?f?i m*|fii ltd? wnm 'Sicnu' (vfltme? ?itei tit^ mi?
f i c i c n 1 C U U u ifiu mfiici iui ( f i c n uw?ifi ituei C I , will mt fwfm cm cm 'mm uîuen
fff) fm ifici I vi>iC'=ilH<i' mimti mtci fti mtcitm mH n) i ?iwf1f?
(^) uwNn ff%=, ifufwi vs wltifn iuc? fieufw tu 113 -fl m-iHiHm#t I C ? ci, mm iiti u?]iif5;
'mm mwifi t i i t i ' um ivmmff ^ 2tiffli mtiiiiei (itftm, ?i tTtH) tm mu ^ i f m uu Sn itc uei i
(ic<ifb i t c Uci u I uufwi vs m<ftifi cwc3t tm im H cn^t *ff? imm iHi n uwMfn im m m
mt^Ft mftiifi CTcici ficici ficifs i t c uei i u?mite? fismf^ i i meat i ?u ifîfi ? vs uwMn
fifniei? m ufî vs mrtf iie,i?m ufismm m^Sui?'fic?? it?fi^ ffiut ii?m? nttmituHi
Smei f im-vfli Itmfii utcn atf tm mtim uicn vs mtffn fiificHu ifie uei i nc? ne? >flt m i f ^
mt Seifw n i tm mie mtgfii im^ liten mfiiii f l i ^ mHicm mm? uifiiiei? Si? uifii ufif vs
sifff ficim i?;f, I U itugm, mn tTlfi men c w t f i i t i Uitu tics C5tt ie? I vflt f | itc ff ftfii f n
uun3iitci iiten S n uutu cn i uiti-n v^fiir, um lUcim s?sf ff itm i?fu itm nt ntew? fimci?
Uit tim' ifiitfl meitci Siftn im c^tt ifntci tit iftm vs gffi:^ ututit??iei tm v^fiiuf iie,i?m itc
n ustucn f i i t f i ^ e m u n mjfu mt i e ? i iitcn fif^n I
wu f i t imt, tm uufwi, cmi ^ ifuff n u n n , vflt mtmtfwi vs utffii cimict t i m ' tm ie^ i f ^
tm uteufi cifi ufifin, tm fs utmmi (ctu iu. vsiiiiif?mScîcuiTtei mttu cid imttmtmuftwim
Renin tTtfi? wU), tm atmfi cotiRiii (mutn, cmfn uf%i vs meifim? fici mn? n wiu i f l t i i itmuf i d
1 % ) me?i cifi v s ^ f e f fli i miten f H M n vs cifiicu? iHl n itiren m*[f?i fiei tim'-vfl? ffim ne^ mu
ff%i mmmi i f m ititu n mrnm .-At wiei mi fl? mtfiutiei? w f f o mu ite m^'f ' j n i flt atm
mmicit Gfji ficim ifiu ticm ^ i^citei mi me? i?im Hti mmf? m?^ itct itmuf ffemmm ^ t H
itmuff m ifiitl I C ? I tm fS vs Siftfi nutif? iim cfte? s^ ?mit?f? ^f%^ iHiH i vfliH m itcti
v f l i t tm fntm tim' Sftsm -sn umten H i t miti
mgfii fici? ift ftfii f n u m f??fium?ei? n i i
v f l i H cntu mi I C ? I v f l t Sft?m ustuei? H i t witifn,
Smif ilim nt w?]H lekame? c'ftftif m m m
mmtfwi, ?tsîfi vs utffii numff f i i Mn-muifmi i?5i uu fic?ifim ie^^ n m f i i iim? nt'fme?
initial i t c mfii? 'si^f< I n ms ' fim cmm t m c n m H i i i u f it?wiif?et^ I 1
nHuiwmti ^ Suimten ftH? i f t fiewen f e f t i I Smt?fi nfuH wt^sfntf? imtei? iHi?
i e ? v f l i t 'tit?t tm ic?t ?m f 1? ftHi ntew? wu
did? fcu f^te? fiuwm f l l I tmu fitm 'wt?w
mfii m i vs ficn mtmH ifi^tfim i f ^ mm i c ? i
if? femmm u ^^dvs f m c5m iTw Smfiîfici
ii u^tm mcit iH i i c i R C ? M I I C ? , C I mm fn
iitirme? ficsfcn uH cmu ie? i f ^ i??f fii m m d
wuotfti 5cm uwtifn ciMci? u?Ti?iei, ficii tm
timt til itmi I t n t It I C ? t vflt n? itmim >s
umm fn wiiei? uwMn vs uifii Htm? i e ^ ifi
wff v f l i t writ? vîjci ifigm men Smuat t v f l t n ? . m*[fimnuen icu uim WM fwmc? wff n i i^Hi?
i1?it mtft itmH nfei tim'-ci ?T?m i U i t U e i ,
smMi C5m uu imfi ififfH? mm ?^ 'wm ('fl?t
tm Siftfi ifm ftteu? wm tmen imifi?5m i H ftfii) ciei itfitfii Utffn S^?cn uue? ?t^Mi
vs if? f???ifn ??? îfi?? mtiH n I vflt iHf^t
tm ficiiuifi? wu n i
iHi? ?Tfêi tntf nut fimfcn ifwei Se,itfi
'mn fici? i i ? i i e n i i e i . -flt c? wfti ituH I C ? Uit n i w f l l nl'fte? fif?^ i -flt ??en mfi
iHft i t u Sfkrtci tit fitte? ^tH f i i ? imi i e ? s vfln m mite??ei iUien iffttm ?5| fi?le? iHi
f i f i i mew "ifiBtHm i f e " i c i tim'-vfl? iw%?te? mf^ m? u wm 'wtf 'wt?fm-?tfii- i f e i * '^.--fl -flit iôo
m m n t t m ifiuvo ?twflH? mtfif? ?iitmtsF wtf? # ? e n vsj.-ifl -tfi? wti itm?-vfl? um ?wifi *(fm vs Hifiuti?
t m f fiiem
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Contents
tfftA
TOUR Ate Mf ÂtA Wt?.-tft M ft [ f AWR ttftWA t t f f C t t f t t TOt liTSftt t w W A C A M WtfttttCtt litfft ffctt
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f f M fwtttATA Wsff f W t e t A fetJ ffg AtffAStA f i t atTO ttttf, f. f t M f f t , wtf-'wtfftf *I-twfttttTT
ffk tttf If. fttAA-mt J . Jomier, Quelques ftt-tffit, fttef ifeftA %; t?etfw wf. J. H. hardie.
positions actuelles de I'exegese coranique en Social Justice in Islam, ttff ?tt ifefto ^.) i tAttt
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wftfoA t t % AJttTTt f t t f AtAt ttWTM C5ttTO?ff^- rf ftf, t t t i i f e i b o fttft Wf. Marcel Colombe-f
fftPTO sff ft^TAWtf 55tCATO?liRst f C S f ttff"Wt TO? in Orient, S o t . (ihbb ^.), i t ff.] i tftCttt lilt Wtft
ATAAtM #Attt AtAt f i | ftfjtffft. M t t t f t f Attt I lilt f?TOfft Cftrof ftAtctt ftttMtt-tffAtf Attf f t t t C A
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tfftf AtttA t f M t W Wt*Mro Wftit; Atfft M , t f f tltfftftt f f f cttt S f f f f f f t f TOtIf^[At^ tftItf fCtt I
f f t f liiA? ^tAtPtA wfttfftt ftfsftA tAtt ftettMt fiftte^t i wtttew wrttewtftfM tTO, tiit stftt ftt tst f twtft
A I. lilft fRCt fsfl% f?Tttttftttt Wfttfftt f # I t ftttW ffft wtl ttAt ff? WSTttttftt ttttiCA, ftAtt f t M f B f t t t T O
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t i w t t M ,ttt TO fftf) ftfifftrttttt sffff fcttt f f tfff ff?fff cgtfTO tf^, ftsffft vs i^CfTt f t
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sttt ftft5 ttfftfffft A t f l f f - f ^ ( i f e o i b - i f e S S ) ^.) (f.) f f t f t R f T O f i t f M K f I Cttett f t C t b t l f f A f f f
stw tAlttt fs^TOtt f?.fw tfttt g t f t WtftT t t ' t t Cft, ttTtft:ift#fttett s f f M f t t t t f t f f t f , fAt
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tftfsett sti fwtt M , iAtf f t f t ft fft: ttet t t i ftttfwf trtttfro stffirt, wtftwt rot wfsjtM: Attic?
tAtf 'tfAfeft 5f^"t stft fjfteA f t c t M f?cft TO? lilt? 'TOtft' ttttro STftt tttttc?, lilt f f f rotffcAt
t A f C t t f f f t tctt sttffftf t t l i l t t f ? T t t A t C t t W f t s{crff^ wtttf't-fft wtf-Wff ftft, 'fA'ttit 'wttf^ lilt?.
ttttffA l i l t ? t A f C t t TOTO a j f f f t F f f t f t i C t ftctM tftt 'WTtf"t-tlATOWff-ftttffftt af^lM cttf fftttro C f t t f
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l i l f f t wtcffgf t f f A - i i l t tew t f t t f c t I f f f f t aftC5T t f t t t t t tAt cftAtttt ftttM I
tfftft fttCftt
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Contents
tm
- a n l i w H n r m m m i t f f n f n m m f n Item fmfSi-timil'..., efe-ilo; (ib-) Nikki R. Kedie,
f m ? f m ? mf??5? g s w t ? mft m t t f ^ itcc^, ? s R Saj^d Jamal al-Din "al Afghani" : A. Political
fnlwfusm C5m fSm catfweot fntrn I f i f ? r e i mt, Biography, n - a t w f ifeii %; (ife) d. Kedourie,
m f t ^ R m?.m??m mm c r n m n t m t i f f w m ff?? w m ? Afghani and 'Abduh, m ife-b-b ( I o ) Homa
ic?j mt?^ ttf%?: mm ml i t U ? ?mm cgt?t?m t^fbM? Pakdaman, Djamal de-Din Assad Abadi dit
i f ? j n t t m t i - >ii4wfitmit-mi-iifti?mfm%i?sck? ?ff? Afghani, I T f f i m io-bo i f i i f . . . o-bfe-trl ( m t i f i i
c^ttftf itc fs^ i f f i e s ilt? 1 ittt?tmmiiif?ii? m ij<citific<^ fbf^ i f e i t t i f t pfitam nm w i t m t n i?im
fm^Tcwtai ciilt? mt^[f?i f?rt t m t n ? f ? ? i mmt m w f ? ) I i f i f g i i t ^ s ( l i ) A. Albert Kudsi-Zadeh,
?3fîttm S f l ^ m f s ? n f f i ^ m t m f e m f n f i w ? ? Sa^yyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, An Annotated
iii3t n m t m f f mtffim5 -aift f n mnt' mn? i n t m Biography, m t t ? ifeio % i ( 1 ) mfm-mm mm-
f i t n I t i m W f f i t i t ? i c i i ? ^ vg i m m t n i f f i ? m ? m v a m f i f f (ib-(?8-ifeoCi) s (11) Brockelmann, S III,
n f o i csftm? m i l t m t i ' mm m i f f i ^ m m f m ? ob-o; (\o) mf? f??t, frnmmffi,... (m?ti), in A I -
m m m fiff m ? f m m mmg ifîfw ( f i i ? , c m n , Marmar, <M. ( i f e o i -^l.), 1 0 1 - 8 0 ; it-b-bro; ( 1 8 ) m i m
f^Siifi*ti titfi) mt. m H iif%tn, n r n n l a n a mrurm mff?, fmf'S'i-tim- i8fe-ife; ( i e ) fi-. mti-.
^ t m t i ' m n m m m ^ m f s m m m ^ Sn?;ci iHifi i itufftti, mi-i, I t f f i ? t mitn, m?tm ife-bi -î.;
i f i ^ s i I i t f i i s ( i ) Brockelmann, S in,\5io-ftft, (l-b) Itift irni-imff, Three Reformers, ???i ife-b-b
(1) F. M. Pareja et al. Islamologie, Mai i!ei-vbo f, Cft-iil; (i) fitm m ^ (ib-8fe-ifeoft) I ( 1 1 ) El',
l 1 8 - 8 ; ( o ) H. Laoust, Le Reformisme orthodoxe sv; (lb-) Brockelmann, S III, 315-21; m?fit cifiii
des "Salafiya" et les caracters generaux de son ficiimin (i!) I f f ? fmn, m'ffi-Smm- mti-tUf'f-
orientation actuelle, in REI, i f e o i iie-118; (8) it?in:. mtt., o 19, it?tm, i i , ioco/ifeoi (fi#?ffii,
Ch. C. Adam, Islam and modernism in Egypt, ^dtm m^-'fl? mim#?ffii ftiii^fi^ i o - e ) , 1 1 ,
mai ifeoo f ( f f ^ i , m t n f i i n t S f i m f i f t , ?i?cm ife^bb- io88/ifei(? (?nt?ff fifSss iifmfi? mfim), oi,
% ) ; (e) H. A. R. Gibb, Modem Trend in Islam, ioi8/ifeovb (itmtff? I f m , f f i mtm^n); (oo) H .
fimcit ifesi f (mtm?mff m^fimmtff i i i m i m c i ) ; Laoust, Essai, Ib-i-oob-, 481 i.; ( o i ) mtl. mf?,
(vb) A. Hourani, Arabic thought in the Liber2il f'mtm'S'1-tim". ...; (1) J. Jomier, Le Comment:
Age, iifebr-ifeofe, m-^rm^ ife-bl %; ( 1 ) L. Gardet, La coran. du Mannar, i l l m i f ? 1 f i . 'mi^-ifl? mflpf
Cite-musulmane, i J l H i * ifee8 ife-bfe % ( f i c i i m n i m t fif5 m m ? mtîf? arg? ?m itnit ?m, mm
i f l f i t o ) ; (tr) f i r m t i m . The Reconstruction of tif M f i ? f i i [ f . ( 0 0 ) mmi I t i f ? mti-'mtm,
Religious Thought in Islam, m^fcm^ ife8 % i mnfiff-tmm- vsm'-mffi'f-Sitf?-'i-titi f i .
11 m*[fii tmm"-lfl? '^fitfim H n f s ( i ) i m n m f f m^ I t m m nd.] I fl. m g i - n f n , ?ni?f 1m\m
i m s f f f i n m (fe) H . Laoust, Essai sur les m t i ifi?f? iif?i i f iff Iflitm mtiH 1 ? f t I
doctrines sociales et politiques de Taki-D-Din (?) fitm? mf? f??t (ib-vbft-ifeoft f.) s ( 0 8 )
Ahmad b. Taymiya, ?51?cm ifeofe <t8 i - l f t i
Brockelmann, S III, oii-o; (oft) i m mt1-1tm " S f l -
( 1 ) vamntff S m f R i l s ( i o ) H. Laoust, Essal
mtfm-vfl mtmfiffti fitrnj^, i i f e - i o o ; (o-b) itf?
(tob-So; - b i c - o o ; i f i i f Mj8br-ei; ( i i ) L^ Massignon,
Les vraies, origines dogmatiques du
mnm, mti-iif?j? mi?, -ml?, m'otit, *it?<ii'*rHi mtm^mt,
Wahhabisme..., in RMM, o^b 1 . ( i f e i b r - i j ^ . ) o l o
mfiii ioftvb/ifeot; (ot) H. Laoust, Essai. ftfti i.;
(obr) J. Jomier, Le comment, coran. du Manar,
i . ; ( i l ) Ell-va Wahhabiya; ( i o ) Ef-C, Ibn Abd
Al-Wahhab. i l l mm I
( o ) m i f i i mtmimff m m 8tffifiii s f i i t i i f n t i (is) m ^ i - i f f ? t n ?ffm (ib-b-fe-ifeso % (ofe)
I t H m -at f i n f t c i m m i ijlttimi -^c m t m m i f i m c i \ Ef, s. v.; (80) A. Merad, Le Reformisme musulman
f . ( i 8 ) m u m m f f i , f r n i f S m - t m r n - fim-'mtifi'i- en Algerie de 1925 a 1940, ife-bnb n t f i i ^ ; (8i)
i t f f i ' , m e m iovbtr/ife8fe ( m n f i t mi i i i f ? s m t t i t i ? C 1 I 1 , 'Ibn Badis, Commentateur du Coran, U f f i l
i i m f i f i t I t m i u f ^ ifcsf i f i t i ? m s ( i ) ( i * ) ifeii f I (5) mf2tfu tfitti it*i??tf i ? i m tfifti?
w i m f " i - f f i rni-mmff (iirob--ib-feq tKi^, s v ; ( i ^ ) ift n 11 fiSf? imp? bf?c4?mii <flna if?i^ mtti
Brockelmann, S III, o i i - f t ; ( i t ) m t i f i mtffi. iim m Sm Sfgfi H t m n ^ ftu I
t m f fiitm
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Contents
( 8 ) i m ? imfms ? H i < i ^ s I f l l t n st*n? m t i ^ gt?ti wti f i f i n n f isfertftcn (?tif i?t? mm, f f m

m t i i t f ^ ^ ? n r i I w?fic? m ft itt:^ 1%mii^ vg ?5t?ifm n t f i ) I (1) (ftft) w t i - t m i '3?f'?-?ifitfimt
g t u I ( 1 ) ( 8 1 ) w t l i t f n t f l ' - '^Hi^, wti-'S??nf'1- f'vfm-'tfi ^ f i - i t m f i i T t , micm i o i o / i f e o ^ ( i f m
Sm,'?ni i\sib-/iiio ( m t m , u m t ifeftb- f ) ; m f w t m i w nf?fn) I (w) (ft-b) mf? fim, mmfui-
w^. Marcel Colembe, Pages choisies de Dj. al-D. ^j-^^m-itfi, i ^ i, m?cm io8-!j-fto/ifeii-o8 (-at
al-A. in Orient, l i - 1 8 i , (ife-bl %) n t I f t f (ih<bo) i fii?fft fm i ^ , wtmftvc m itmc^, fmt tit f ?wfi-
( ? ) ( 8 o ) w t ^ f t f , n i H s t ?t?it?-t "iliitft m ?1?l?-t -fl? i t 3 i ^-iismti i t i m f f iferin i (?f) (fti) ^, mf t'l-
i t ? - t ?t?r5ftf??t? [?1%? w t i ? t ? i t ? ( f . ) - n f n n i l i n H , Si-tfi'i-tm w t i - m i f i m 'wi?^ (Sm gtm, i) i
ii???t?t? ii!b-/ib-b-o, c i n wt?f m?f?, -flit f t ? (-03) (ftb-) wti-fimm wt-G wti-titUf'i-'Ssff, m?cm
I t i ] ; ( 8 8 ) ft ?nf itckt t%f%c f i t i t ? m^-f W i ? i o 8 i / i f e ^ V ( " m f w^. H. Laoust, Le callfat dans
n f t m f wf?ti 8 f?ititf'?-?K m r t V i t i f e f ? , ? ' ??i la doctrine de R. R., t??i ifeob- \ (t) (ftfe) i ^ ,
iooo/ib-b-vjj), i n i f ? n t ioii/i!5>o\s (mf w f . m f Wti-mm vsmm-^m^m, micm iofto/ifeo8 (wii-wi?m--fl?

W f 1 ? i ) ; ( 8 f t ) A. M. Goichon, Refutation des ?wifi K 3 i 5 ? lfl fisi) I i n I t m . if%m "mm itc.
Materialistes, iltf?1 i f e 8 8 (Sb) ft ?n?f iti Wft?c? it'ff i m ^ c i -flmmci cii m ^mci i (i) (bo) wti-
t t n f wg?t? s Nikki R. Keddie, An Islamic Repbnse miitf'i-tntfi?? 'G"?t'i-f?t'?-ffi?Tt, mcit
to ImperialismPolit, & Relig. Writings of Sayyid ios-b/ife^b- ( t ? 5 ' f ? twfif?-'a? t?mm mci)' i (?)
J. al-D. 'al Afghani,' ? t i c i - 1 i -flcsm ihur % i ( i ) (-bi) 'wt?f'i-itf? t ? ? ? t f i , itwtfif'-m?"f? fi?
(8%) mf*?-?tl1t? Wt1-ms?tt%f, S f ^ - f ?t, H i n t iVfefe mtfi'f-ltf?, M. B. Ibrahimi-ia? ffiitn wtifici?
%, i > n t n wti-itit?-^ fti. ( i f e o i -^.y, it?c?t i o f t o / i f e o i , i i m , Ahmed Bouchemal. imtmtcmil ife8v
wtcicit' ifeftfe 8 >itt ^ mtitc itfis w t i t n ? t f i 1??i ^j.fe-b;(-bi) mff fif mcitmf? imtfi i t m , "î.
t ? ? i t f i - i f l ? iu3 m i ? t ? i t ^ ? f n i??t?t i t i H ffti" mmt? "3 'wtmjm i i f ? - f , it?cm iov8/ife-b8, ^.
it?tci I ( ? ) ( 8 v ) m f f S ' i - t i f m ? ? , ???c?t 8fe-b I ( 1 ) (-bo) îtm wti-"ff, fiititf'i-fi?i m
i o i v / i f e o o , ? f ^ i ? ? i t m , 'itcicit ifeft'i f . I itm??tf mwtfifii, "mfrnttt? ioft-b/ife^*^ ( v s i i i i i f fwtitm
m? -at ?Mi1t? a m i? S H f i f t ? f n t ? w e n n i () i?imn imfi -aift f t m f limf^ ? m ) i (?) (bs) i.
( 8 f e ) f i m m ^ f?itiif"-t-af?, it?c?t ioift/ivfea, wti-mf? wti-timff, 'Sfj'i-mmt?, mm ife-bo % (wti-
f s ? I t m : ? ? t??t? t t m n ("ft f ?wt?" m f i imf? mi't? ifam imtifufi, wiifif?rti ife8\-ft-b %, ff
i f ? f % i n t n ) , ???c?t ioiVifeot-1 -at i t ^ t f t c i itmmf -^fni ?f?, itmfn, mwNn mtffi i m f i
w?itf??5 ?,?? ?Ttf ^t?ici f ? c ? m m i t ? t c i ( i H l () (-bft) m f f i t i f , w t i - t m i 'wr#tm m f - i f m ,
f ? 8 f 5 ? iO'lfe/ife-bo); ( f t o ) I t l f f w t f ?tm-f n f t f s l it?cm n.d. (ifeftfe f ) I ( 1 ) (-b-b) i m i m itm?ffi
i t m : i i f l t ? ii i f ? ^ ^ if?i1fw?>ci f t i t m : ? ? ifnt -s mtj 8 wti-mt? (itfii, iticm ivfev-ife-sft f ,
i f f t ?J?11? ?s?t ^ ? 1 C 1 , f ' w t f w , 11?C?t, ife-b-b (fti) imt. mf? fim); wti-iti ( f < 3 i f i f , mem, ife^-b itci
iii ltw=t? S i ? ff% ?#?t l?tf w m ? s B. Michel iff^, imt. -^fiij'i-fiwti-irf?); itwt-^tf i-îmfi'i-
and Moustapha Abdel Razik, Resalat al-Tawhid- fflif? ( I t f i i , I t m m i f e i v iffS, Society of Young
Expose de la religion musulmane, i l l f ? l ife^ft '^.; Muslim--a? flist); wti-fim (immtit? ife^ft-ofe
(ft^) ttc?# w^. (Ishak) Musa'ad n t K. Cragg. The ife^'i itc I t f i i , imt. t f t mfi); wti-?iii't? (f'Stft^,
Theology of Unity, m ife>b-b % i (^) (fto) itfiit wtifemi ifeo-b-fe f , mt. "tf?T? wti-'Sif, fi f i f i s f ,
'Wfit i i ? f i its?if f i ' i - ' w t u t ' t f i l - ' w t f f m t , ???c?f ifes <\-(t<b f , imt. mf? t m f t i ) i
ilfeVib-ft'^; f?8itm; ( f t 8 ) In sulayman Dunya, W f i - ft i f?c^mb8) m t n f i . 'wt^-'a? Jomieri--a? f l ift mjt?T mtci? mt f . (bH) I.
f5m?t?tc?5 f ? i i i v3 f f m . i m t ? ciwtic& f t i ? ?5f??t ' w t ? ^ Goldziher, Die Richtungen der islamischen Kora-
' w j f ? ? 5 ' f f ^ f n ? m c i t m isflitci? i -ait i?i? wff nauslegung, I f t c ? i f e i o f., ftsimti ifeao '^.; (-bb-)
ffmtcigt?jtit?Hititf'i-'3?tf?ii (iife8/iv\'mci m?f W f . .'wt?f'i-itfi w t i - m m it?Tfi5'--nff?.i-
f i f i ) , i n I t . , ?i?c?t iifefe/i V V 1 1 ? t f i fen? ic i f m ? t m f , I t m m ions/ ifeftft; (-bfe) f?itiT5*-m-3fi--a?_i?tf
m ? f ? c n c i m c i fit? c?l?ntci f i f i ?mf? n f t wf?m,ffim (*{. fe-vft); (Ho) - G f i t i w t f i , fi. 'wtmji.
t m f fiicm
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M i tm
Essai sur ses idees philos. et relig., iS88 % n tuf 'Situ' tm îfem S^ i m atm wwci
(tymft W f - Ch. Wendell, Muhammad 'Abduh, n^flcn I ne^ tmr Itmuf itmiHn cgt c'ftm i
-suPttt? ifefto sj. I % Fr. Rosenthal-viRl mt Wfrtlf^ tm w u uf a f U U 5 Itmr atm n t m*[fiu fim
m^Hf n?m% in JAOS, ' i s s t . , i f e f t 8 s j . , ioi-i); (Hi) cffîm.ilt n H f f I t m f w i ^ mîf%i itmen cwc^t
^, u't^M-fiifi'i-fsprft, 1 . 'wt., mrat ife** (fnif tnten Siftien atnm i
Hfrmtm tfMw mtmt); (l^) R. Caspar, Le -ftt mtstSe,if%? i m u-au m itfi 'wtf m ( i i ^ i -
Renouveau du Motazilisme, in MIDEO, 8 s t , (i'fefti i i r o 8 sj.)-iii? uw^mei m fntw 'wtmn f m umm
sj.), i 8 i - c i o c i f ^ t t u s unit, lit arc?! wmmfi S<sen i H n mfii itm ati-ocn afe5tti fiwtf wfUn.
Hcillt); (10) P. Ronodot, L'Islam et les Musulmans wtm ie?i I tm 1 1 itc^t I t u f w i uwSifil Itmei
d'aujourd'h'ui, lltfn, il. (ife-bb- '^.), (ifeîo s j . ) *tfi H*n i n r ^^c Sîfici i'fit i u itmuf fsmitat?
U f ^ U o wH^m RJI^M 3Stlfelii<p<ic1? W U ( 1 8 ) J. . w u wH mmi itu itm i ufi tit wH uuu f i n t f i
Berque, J.-P. Charnay and others, Normes et nut att^ n nt a n n -an u f ^ ' f m atufi n umt
valeurs de L'Islam contemporain, Utfet ife^-b m t t icit ifiuei l f l fimen wfimf fli U nt leitiH
(io) U5i:n f # n iwt*itm nmitf cgt mci i # i i tu f|i itmrnul Itmen icw winH ' w t f i i l e n
m i f i W I T ) 1 ( H f t ) M. Kerr, islamic Reform (The wtfitiIte? 1CWJ cimnuiftwnum?wu iHifi 1
Polit. & Legal Theories of M. 'Abduh and R. lit cgf? uf^mcf? leu l i t e i w t fifit -a im?ilf f l c n
Rida), i t i d - n i f l t ^ ifevb-b sj. (msmitf fBmttm l # 1 1 m u wt?eif? ?teirfo f m u i f i m ( i V N 5 8 - i f e o b - sj.) i"
mfm Hfm ifeitci); (l-b) A. Merad, Le Reformisme f m ?Tfî i ^ c u ? Hf%c ( f i c i l f m ?f -a fimmwi
Musulman en Algerie de 1925 a 1940 (fifi 1 , mffium fii5 ii^) w u i u m c?, fH f l c n nwi
f. lii-soi, w m n ifwt); ( H I ) ^, Ibn Badis, f^ f^mfi ?Tf^, i t f i fH t?tci t m f itm??ien tfitci
Commentateur du Coran (fim-vfl? f I W t f ifcmm w u i uf^s^pici f&fu 1 m i fH f m isjcm muei
-muofrntii)! tmen w u itmen iiieuum -fliiH a t e u w f i m wt3
b I 'mfi cfifwtiit ismitm mrt mei m i uift atmntf .mn??ici ilir ie?i i lat t?H i i t f i n
ilimf umfuji t L'Afrlque et L'Asie; Cahiers de iHi? at?e^ u?jei, Heii fimm-H it?f nt icifiH
L'Orient Contemporain; IBLA; Islamic Culcute; i n itc atmfi i b - f e o itc ib-feb-f. nm iur mfif
JAOS; MIDEO : Orient, OM; the old Revue du
Monde Musulman; the Revue des Etudes Itmen ateuwfum iH if? i^niei fefu i f i e
Islamicques and its Abstracta, tmtfi 1 wtten i ^ liiiH fim^sfT^ ffim u n i e ? i f r ^ i f i
A. Merad (E.l.^/gum tU^fl uHt? witi H ite? ? itf'wt Hfn u itmm atmfi
ntm wti uift ? i^jtf^ ntm i t leS?H c m mewfii
'mi f f i U I U Snueumfmi tm f i t wt*ifimm w i f t ? catfwe uifi cinffifen mirmfi? ff%c
u i u f tntft f ^ u u -3 iimim ifiui -a si^ Sen I C U nm wmen u?jei 1 ^ mei" fjsn -a
fmfumn wm n I S u n i ^ i nt wn, aim uHfmi lUife? ntew? itw if?u u-su i <^ i f i ? i uu i t i f i - v f l ?
fftmi ufm f m wiu . firm turn (Smi ^ . ) - m mfif? fieuuei? leut w^fifi fn, mu i??f i t c i
m w cm uf%^ wtfifi cntei ic5 ut i t m mmci m i s fmtte? (nt m w f i i ? f? wt^f-f wim i u t i
itft utut ii I atn, ftuen wfttf ftuei tm ftfii ifiu) f m ffp m fimm'i-um i f i rm "m
Hm wiun wtei ifgu si.f^f f cgumtc fiUfusmei Ittm" ( i b - H o sj.) (nH nn) u n at?e^ fimfiniei ?fi
itcuififi wim fn I f f f u o , ftmt? fisr? ajfHva tm n I fie?nm Sfifi "laiH nn" iteei wtti m tuen
wu uf I tm c f f i i w u u f aiffi mui W U 3 J Itmuf m n m ieuwf? Sifs; m m fie n i " nt -flt
tff^ fftmf i^f%ufii musen ms-mitt itc tU wft? ^^cei m f wtt? mft? w f R i uitei f m ffp m
f i U f T ^ m i 151 ajmfuo ituei I Si?f tuei >^fimtf f ?wr? -s I t f i itc Sf ism? irueu tntei? ift
fim wrm-wmn^ wumimei fitifw ititei i loit ItiHf " f i c i a i u i i f i e C 5 t t ien rfH n t m?tm wi?
lesf, i n W U 3 ! tntf m^tHmmi Smi ititei Hmen cweat liiiH 1 5 U i m m n i n - t - t m i u n -at i i e ^ fH
'Situm C I ^ f t o f S m atH wfieli>a3fiv wuf mi fmi? u n , "WtH i m f ?wr? -s fisrs i t f i itc i l H -s ijm
ufm;?e^ tm fieit srmu miif i m wrmm w u m i f ? t e w U W J atitei? i m m ifiuH 1
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mtft mtmfe -fliit n t u umtci tmen f i s w f m umm mtfiH'i-tiitfi?? ? m -flt i H m H Hituf "i-
nft wiv3 B?ii% uwtifn f s R t t m e i ? uu fSfu i t i t f i i \. t m i u n VfliH fliai m i if? i nifwif? -flt Scuti
um uue mtfi?5te? cn cim ffitfff wm mtHfiii im f f J ? i? ftfiuHi nt ifis' cim i t u m I C U
i t ? m i w% fn u I -flt imft u-sm mt?^ c?cf? iHi? ?n?utf ftt?fi mmei? wfifffc wt?m--fl?
wfe? fuutum-t t i m (5.)-'fl? mtii? nt wtUfm wtft ift itcui ?wi I U wfHuwn ^tu 'itm i i f e i o mtci?
?iPr? I t u f ? ?j(vs.v^ S v 5 c ? ? cwesit ^^mrn i finrttmiii cii'^^ ii)t uu wiufw 1 ? -flit wmm-vfl? c n t ? fmm
t m f fiiem
t.H.ft/b-ft
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wH-miti ifeHi-n Itwin tun n Hf m n utmr mra mfi m^Himi^ ?nmfti mft m^m ? ^
un? I vflt mutn HH uH?? mt fsrsiH?, ?iru mim i ? U 5 t ^ i f n 1? I c?t I W i f f m ?nf?f it?i wfH
utufm wm Itf fu% ?H uwt un? I ^[?iHf?f? ituti f u t n I t u mji itctn ufii? f?, f i m
w??, -siiH m n m mtt? 1? m? uHu utHut:i tit f-?, fgi mti-imtf n t tiû^'i-ftfift (f.)-'fl? mfus
<tcci, Hnt? ???t?utft tuf?t?? attuw? Htttt mi wH ? i ^ i ' n t wtu'mtt tmf? nm mmu mtfu?
utsff fntf??t?? Itu f t t?ut?? m? ?5tni? wu ? f i 5 ? mtfm-mfm m f f i m^H ?ni?f? itu fiufmnsm
fntt? f t f C i ? ? I mfii? it?itf?iti mtfii? ft?? mti-'mtitmTf'i-
f?iHf?f? ffTt f t.?mf titt?? -iimm mwfti twfuu"^ Hm-tm? i f fitiimn Scgituu i icuwf?
uu? nt c?f Hc??m ?milt wrs mtHi f2tn Rc?fb itci î<lnifci m 11? it?fm uut? f t
mf 1? I tu mM ?jt?iin u^f ^^c U C I n, i^Hu? ir?t? Rfvo^j! f i t i i ?su ^tuti i
if3Rn u?jn ?f? ^sin it?iu vs Ss,uc# mt c?tut mwmf ?m tun c i f f i i m*(Hi mtfiti? mittiwt immf
n u liiufHu fwtH? ?? mfc?? Ss,??it? utmm? ?5t?? vs fwufi cin itccn m f umm i tfitu sf^fi
tu 3FHf< n ?iicw? if 2ic?iwH?fci? m m un wiff i c?fi mtimft? tHvs mui ic?m i tm ?nt?f? MitT
if? i m Sicri mt ? c ^ f3ifw?f fttfrn'-n utit? itcci, i H i ? fff m^fiimi^ mt tm Si? f i t i m ,
tu?c?s iuf^??5tf ?tui?ttu? ??? i f ^ f f nf m n M^lHimtu vs ?f? cm I C U uiapii iufcn i H Sfljjm.
f m u<ftti n H 2Fft?n:i mm i u i? uu itc im nt vflift m f i vs i2rT? Se,imnf mfiif i tm ?f^
S^?fHi?ti iHf'ftn f ^ itt ^^n i Si?f t U mf m i f f o t t H ^ m t m i ' (issvs f; i ? ? f mcifi^B);
1? n, C I ? ? i^fK<itD uf? R??>ifci? Si? itfTf<f ? i ? ?f? mtm-m^ltm ifinm i H t m f H?m I C U mffift
>fli? ut? mtm utnf fnfiniu un nt mmUn Jwfii vs mfi fimii umufiim fimfi f m f i mw
?>fui?fci? i H t m f mmituti?' wu uit. vs nn? nm fifi tm i n f nci? im f i i H mm icu Scfumtu
ifiw? ?? I wi?f?ti (flt utt??' wu utitfHt it?twf? itcsti s "mtfcn mi-iff??if" u n Si-ficuuci? ?nt
f?H^ itm Hti? m mw? 'itt cn? Hci? nwi uH?? t i l m u?tifi (ifevijvs v^.); tuut? i?mf^ Siiffim
icw m i ? fl? u I tu itc cii cn fi?n^ ii? it?? n, miti mttitntfti f'm' (ife-bs %) nt m # i f i t i mw
nft c?fi mwt' Itu I vflt ??t?? ?i fumm imf? mmt? vs U f C ? ? wu ici? mtmwfii vs liitfi" stcuwfim imci
mmt tfi iiiium"!^ m <t?il? mt?wtt?Tt vsu ?iitHm Q ' ?pf mcUiitf f l i t fmuf' (ife-bfi^ 'Ô I umm vflit
u n n H im f?si i f e - i v s v^. stm ntfi i?, uu itfit I t i itwfH? mH ifSmmn f35 f^m i fH ficn fif??i
f ? ? ? ? f i i i??f nti f ? f ^ ititti i mt^W't 'itnc??
c?if? fiuf Ufim 3pc%? ?f? t?if?if m5f i f ^ fint-
Itifi- tflt fsf^ ? ^ itm?tfli mnmjci? t muf-vfl? umt ifam mfi?u untHit?? mui i vflt
mttmnt imcsf u'^f? ? ^ i ? "ii?tu infi-mirciwt Scutci f m mumtfiit?? vfliw? itccn mffii? m f f
, it?iif m ? f ? mf i t i i i tm mtw? ififc?? icu 'tHiif I tH i H i ? mm emm, ?[cu Scwicuu ifliH
fici? 'Smu' Iflit um? ifft? i Siitun tu iHi? cf? ?^f=f smf itcci fwm u ituit (Ihbd ^.) I
mu, ?u tifi, twHu? vs Hitu (Itfui fitm iit?? umm mitiff? m? m ?m fi?n-t t?fm
mumut vs f?iu fiiiif uu mtitft) mmti -fliH un iHfs .cim-vfl? vflft ntiiti? ^^c i i t f i i t ? f t i i
itfwt fif fmt nut ui ifiuti nt itf?im ?f? vflt iftt?H iflnvs 2im??m Itn msfiimuf ?f? iffim
cafifivs Hfiitvoic? u?wt'-vfl? if 1 lUfw* nsu imti iiti ifiu "sHuti I Sun?î tuen i H i ? icf^ Sew?
mttmu ?#?tti (Ulf umm vs mtfij? fitm? c?ciif I U m s ' m f itmf? t?=ii? tmfu-H wtitf-H
1^ mtitfbvo) I m tm mftiwt 's?pff< mti?^ itcci I f n-t um (ihbs v^.), uue ?fi ^^?fci'fiin timt
citsH citsfit ftiuf ?f? ifinmf?ci n H msi i?iii it?wfi umfincn m m wn cm f u m tf
mfii u?ft iUt?? ituwf?m mttitnt ifiutn, umt tu iff'mf? iif?-t f#? (ife-bi %) mM i i % f i mfimm
wii? wiu ul Smm? if mm? m?ff ^t f % ittt i t Hfi f ?mm-vfl? ci? '^'mmci vfliH iu nt tntei?
ilim nt n ftn umm mtfii? fat?t wtutf ?if^f?cit?? fiiwf?vsmifi?iei?Siftutfii ?nf,fitm^wifi?
if??t^VfliH cf?mwt' (cicu^ w?uuuvsu-Hitfvsu fRmf?wtH'm-Htntf-Htm? (i^-iss.'f) i
im mfft) im?? im? if?utn I tu f^ Scauuu m i ? iHi? cff? ?f? itftm inm i
?m? ?5tti ftm-vfl? wu MitjfT^ i w t i f n vflt?ii t m iflft itcci wifam ?f? #?f l f l ; t m i m iim
mtitm urn^s ^ m f tuen rf? fuuit t m f fum f i d ? u?f"M-'mfif? UifU I f m miv3 m i i U f c i ? f?f.
t m f fiiem
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Contents
'IMAAlt' atstt tftM AA ifeot % I^tA tAf ^ît t W "^TOffftA f A T T O f t M t f f "Wf t f t f f - l i l t f e t T f e t lilt? t A f
A ^ f?,TACf f F f M lilt? W f f tftn (tnftf ifeftt w ^ M t t f t f s M f t w t t f - w t t s f ^ f f f t t t t f t t I liitstfMltft
A t t i c ? 1 tlAfAt-t TOTtt ?tWT A t c C ? f f W t < t t f = 1 4 ( f t t f far^RCf tff fMfet ajMtTOf M , tAt liiftfai w t t
fvSlft'e. A t f j f t C t t WAft ATAAtt I ^ t c a S t t t M fttf f f - f t wwett TOT, eA s t # i f H t i f t f f C A t stfftt:tt trtt M t t i
tff ^ f t f - ' e ( f s f f ? , T t f ifeiici) liltst sftAt WtMf tAtt fWT M TOtCtt tctT f f S f f o t e t t f f s f T O f tftfff
fl f C t I lilt CJffc W t A -ilfft f C f f f f A M AtCC? C. f f I t A t t s f f ^ s t f f w c t t t e t T M t ? e t # - t f lilt? f t e t e t
V. Gheorghiu-iitA f f f rtlA ftft A t t f A t t T f r (f^-"ilt fftttf ftfSFt W f f T O tftfatt I S t f f t t t f t t F f f ttffft
#tft, f A f t f f S titffff ft WtA f <3 f t t f ftttfs (ife^S f t f C W f t t - t t t f t t t t t f l i t f f t ff| v S A c f t ^ t M t S f f t t
f )ftctttrftfttfTtf wgff I fCt; tAte f ?fM Att I fAf f t f t SfTO t f f Cf t f tCtt

ffftftf t f t t W t t f t w t t lilftt f C f t C t T f ftTf t t t t t f I ttf'-ftft-iilt ftfTFctt f M tftitet wM
^tcC? f ^ t M l f f A 1 f f ^ - f f t f f t f C A t WtT ftctfff l i i f s f t C f t f Atee?t f t M A f f f t t t - e t f f i t i t wi^swtM
WTCRTfCAt s t f t W ? t ftctTftT^ff-TO? W?*t WtftftftiCt, t f f t f K a = l i i f s t t f t f t M t i M TO? TOfstt t f f t f M f
ffWT-TO W f t t f ^ "Sfftff ffttt tMf ftft FtttCA I f f t t - t t t f t t (ifeftv <j. ^5tc s f f t M ) - ' i i t f t t t f I
fSt lilt G3ft f t C J j ^ t ^ f f t A t C C ? f t f t T A f A t r o A t t t t wtt-e f f M ftcf cAttct ^ f t M - t t t t t t t f c t w t t
-Tf1f "^-lilt 'ffwf TO t f f t A ' (ife^bfe %) I ft f TOt lilfft f S t f f M A t t t e ? I lilt C f C g f f t t f lilt? WtTttT
TAltf ^ C st^tff t A l t f (ff)-iilt f w t f t f t f t i C t " w t f wft-ff^tctt cwcTO sfffM trf^tt ftff^ tff fftet srg?
(tf)-iirt trfft f t c t t t f t c f "wTtfc f f f t f f t t t f t s f , f ? t T f Cfttt f tf^fte f f t S t T O f C t t I lilt sfftftftt
tttt ' W t t g ' f - ^ f t t t w t f f - t w t f - t t f t W ? t f t C t t f t t f TTO f f t . t t sfttttt t f t t t C A , trctT f f t e t w f - S f f f f ' A t e C A s
W^jft ^^tttCA I i^gft f t t e t i i l f | t w f t f t w t l s f t f s , ^ t Atcc? f A t t t t , t t t t - t TOt TtfTO (ife-bJs %) t t t f ^ t e a s f f t M
c f t t C t ; f f f WWf: t f t P t C f t f t c t t stf t f t t f t AtfTOtft lilfft t 5 f f ? f f t i: A l ^ - i i l t f t t I f l t M M - C l i l f t t W f t f
ftTO-t tf t t tTOrtt-ttift (iJsfe^b I wtf tt t^TO t t f f t t t f C t lilt? ttff f t f t t f t t t lilt A t ^ i f T O i s f f \S
f W T AtCC?, wttf Ctt^ ftcf f WtAft f t f f f f - t t^ftCt t,tf f t C f A ^ t ftt f M "Q t t f f c f f t f ftCt TOT T O
f t ^ ffWtttf tttf tHit t f f t c t t s t f t t f t Wfaptt t t t f M I-
t t f f I. liltîCJtfc f C f t C t t t T t b t l t f C A t -WtTt A t t C ? f f t # t S (i) f f f f t W t f f f , ffft,-t Wtttf vstt
AtW f f t t W w t t f t f - t ffwt C 5 f tft
(ftt .f?. iJsibib ^lflfRrtt-ft ftAfT5-t f t t M f t - t % l t , cATO i o o 8 C f t t
lilt? fATTO tft t t f " W t f t f f t f t t f ^ - t f t ( i f e ^ f f tf/iiSi'iJi; (A) A t f t t ; W t fTO,Religion and State in Iran,
I C t t , S f t t t f f t f t WtftCt ttAtttf t c t t f t f C l i f f f f 1785-1906 : The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar
lilfft f%| s f f t t f t T O I period, AtfCf-ffiilc^ffîcSKbSf; (o) i ^ C f t f , f t f t t f f t
fft t t c k wfftwtiCt, ftctttct tffwCfr ftffftt TO, A Biographical study in the history of Qajar
li^tAttttt W t f t t A f t f C t t f t f t t c t t f t t t W t f f C A t Iran (At stffM ^^tfc?); (8) Cfff, The
SfTO f t f t t f t f t f f t f f w f t t f ffstct lilfft ' e s f f f f f f t f t Oppositional role of the Ulama in twentieth
ttro fMc? f WT^ fttTt lilt G3ft S f T O f t c t t t c t T WtTt century Iran, in Sufis, saints and scholars, xGEJ.
f ? C f t f ^ T A t t t#f f t f f t f t TO? f t t t t f f f t I tAtCfft f f t t Nikki R. Keddie (etfffftT); ( f f ) t t A f wtttTstf,
f t t t t f f ^ f?,ff f f t t t ^pSf WtftCt S f f t t f f ^ t t t c ? f Islarriic Literature in post-war Iran, iri The World
. f ^ - t t f f f t C f t w t t liffft s f t f t AtcC? f f f f t ^ f ? f t of Islam, f t i J s ^ o ( . , A t i - V A ; (b) R. Cottam.
ttt t t f t t f c f f t c t f t wff. f M f f t t c f t Nationalism in Iran, f f t f f f f f iJvb8 %; (H) Nildd. R.
s t f t t t t f t I t A t C t t t c t T a r T f t t A t c C ? i f e S o f C f ,S Keddie, An Islamic Response to imperialism :
' w t f f ^ f f T O f f f f S t f f M W t t f T O - t ttftl-t political and religious writings of Sayyid Jamal
t f f t f I ftf^ sffCffM t A C t t f t t f A lilt s f f f i f C t t ffft tft

al-din "al Afghani", f f C f - f f i i l C i ^ ife^v <(.; ( v ) i ^
M CAttCt I t c f f c t t f f t t t f f A f t C f t A f f f t t t fl%ft Cftf, Religion and irreligion in early Iranian

Nationahsm, in Comparative studies in society
stftt f c t I tAf f f f ft-t fM t f c t l i l f f t tfMf l i l f t
and history, 8/ot. ( l i l M ifeÂ % ) , A^ft-feft; <fe) ' f f f l t A
t f c t l i l f f t t f t i f - e t A t f s f f M f M .1 s t f f i r t t i t t f t f a p t
t i ^ ^ f C t f , f f t T o t tfftfftTT ftfttTS-t ftftTsfff
iJ(jo ^.-liit c t t f t c f f%M ^tf wtcf t Mt c t ^ I
iob-s/ife-bfe; ( i o ) A. K. S. Lambton, A
iJs^ft t T a ^ ' - t t f f f ' f - t f f t f t t e t tftM l i t f f t
Reconsideration of the position ot the IVIarja'
stftlt f t t A C t S t f f M A t I t A f stfM A t l i f f S f t f S f t f A f
t f f t f f f t C f t t
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Contents
Al-Taqlld and the Religious Institutions, in Studia itwt c m cm i m if? fimf% fft? mtitm Siff
Islamica, l o i . (is>4(8 ^.), ii(t-o<t i it I ?n vfltii cm I t m isfi cm citm immm mti
Hamid Alger (E.I.^) t l t ^ f l ?sf?, 'mtfii'ii n titn if? mr<f m nfim ?tsîfi
vs I f w s 'vSiiiif-ff csfwru:^ tmn- iius iiri mrf finnf if?c? -nt viitii ^ftf? jkitniin iisfi
WT^tifurii wr< 1TW n mtt I ci% t1 cwrait tit 1 Hcmfiici fsfu iHcn i votii m cwt 'Sum' newt
mftifn itmm ift itfiit I tm mifi ^wim, i H fin mwfff??iri? n<? iitr? i ifliiifcn mfimti m?ii
( i i i / i i i nt i i i / i b - i i m f l irir) mwtifn afiiiimn mmi mttnfi?^ firmfmst iHm iHm 'Siuf
iTifimgri? f i 8 i f f mfr (mtf. ivoo ^.-m m) ff? ff mkcm iem fiwr m?m um mfi i mitm
(itn i l l ff%? f%f%rmwtifi mifii fis-mtiii itif limf^ ?iw?fi fim Smfim mim f n m fH' i i i
^gmi^ Itn i f i i i f fimm itr int mmif^fit i m nt iim^mt?m mfm mtmtfmi mnt? i H
lfl m#min? imitn fSfu fir m5ffffin cmi im vntmm--3fie?raiHmg?îtmie I <at iumft m i m
mum im n mtt nt mtimmt? mm if? ifitnfci? mf^^fc^Ft c m fimi? m m , ??t vnt iei tit tim
m^fiim imcsfvs tifitrff n n 'jn m m i j i ^ n mt im? ^ m nt mew? fif^ cgf, fiei? fif, itifii
S? cmjJtt tnti imft mw^ itmci i tntf fmm miM C i i t m ntmmiememtmcnw??mîn ifmt
mtif5 ?f?f m^fiim mrmmni m f fii cmi Scgicmu ifm itcvoci 11 vs m T ^ iem

i i i m mi? vaiH
mtrmn vflifn i r 5 mt i Sitni m c m 'Sitm'? mtiiiit mtft m m , -oit
i f i m?[fiifmmi mm cm mrmn mim imim I C I Slip H f itneaf vanH n? n? mrt ifii?e1? mti
mfifff? imm nft cif itcc^, 'Simf c i m i imit i i i v s f i f ^ *f??tf|i I Si?f i??f mei .'SmHm ml
tmn C i i ifenm fi-S-nci' imft mm i ifffHi m mfmnjin mtl? mrm-m?itf ^ntci iHi if?e n < f i?
?imf^ mrf mwtifi mtm mcmn itrrnsacm *)f?f v n t Hf^ mrattfii ifStmm *Smw iriritfi mtitHi'ci f f H
m^fiim ir^tt imm fii mrs mfifir i mm" n m m i
cm m m f i m 'Simft mwJifî miti itikn ?, 'Smm"- vs if<>iifci? iem fimf? mtfitfie^
itkcm irm tnrn nt t m iffifif^ 'Sitm'ci mtiwi i? i i i / i l i iifc m^fii fie^ liatn mmm fci.vat
nt m m ific mfii? mmm ^mtri i ?f? sffini^f?H/iftmtmFt^ n n t ?m?ii n m ifH^vs wtmtfifi
cm m?Ttfmi mim itf? iffif? fii. m, tif fn ficmi I tim m m finrrn fimfi, cn? iH- m im,
ci?i i t n ? T i m " f l f ^ mtiifaf nt titr nft itn?; ^ m i m , irti im, mmtitmHmim n i f ?îmm,
mmn mim ^smi- (5.)-n mtifi im i? i t m i n ffiit itjfifnm if? mnci? itmtf?, ?#? mmm
fli mtiitf (fifi)-iii m f f n - ^ , mtti i ^ irtitn mim tm itfttm mm cm wim? fimt i fif -at m
itifitm(tim') nt itfm mtti-itn-'^ atcmci? cicm ifitim? imc fli mti i t n cgf? fin-imen ittm 'fl?
unfitly ft ?itf^ fin fim? fiiitnfli m, nt n H 'ffsm m^tf? mfun' ft w1t?fi wftim nt
iiti tif fll mftiitw imns Hm sfPrwi men loift t m ift itf?tt 'Smf ffmm v^fmmf ?j?fiifci?
ci^: I tm fim m m mmn t ? ^ ^ im i i i m nt Hi?? mm nitfgiei cm m miei? mtfn iffigr i vflt
Itfiff 1^ vs m t f mitiitw f i m i t
c
i ? Si? m cif? i m ?m?en (fifm) miiftn if? Hemen
mtrmi m nt viittn iitf^ fimH? mntm fmn; c?fcg iHl m I 'Smrnt' n t itiiHi i i m n v^t n
ifimmn i mnugi Siftim wm n t i l t ? i i iHc itri i vat fntei
itfi t m fimfli mtti f i m ftimt i f c ^ ??f, mt ft vfltwu itf, Sen Si? mm fiiî i^cil??
m m i ^ fi#tf*f if? iffi mt if? itfitfii mi? ? 5 n I
inH mtn fcmi i m im i?, mmn -nH mmsitfi mm m*(fii fici? ncic?? iff? ivsm fc? 'Sum'
mmfmi if^tm Hiti?n:i fir?nt imt -Bn i tum itcci nt f f cirft? <&fui mtmen cm ciffii ifn?
fif^ f f mgm m iftiTif^ i turn n mtnwH ffe 1? mt, ifus tit fmm^ im ff^f55 Tjtn u n, 'mtfim
itut ff%? i ? i m it?ri titm ti^ i t m fif^ f n im?t??t?cnfiiHnf?t5iinmcmiife?i 'Smf
mHf Hi I t i m mfimti mm fi ^ ?n^ i H iitcn ?j?ft Uf ? m icmrnrnni m f m<f irm, if??m
icmmn m^ mHjimn, i m i m ?wifi, mmift mim i H fim leum H?H i t titm mnmt mwe?fi
mift mm cm m cimft? ift itftt fii i, 'Sum' vg fntei? f H mm I mH ?iu cwcsit 'miHiii itmen icstt
f f imc?? icm mncmu itlrm f m cm i t m vs m t f ff? fif?iiT nteitnt icn i Scswm n? 'mtfiiil
tntf Hirm
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Contents
tm
Hm; cmn n\ ^ f f i m Hizs; I H R I ^ Srin ittr? i n nr? HH "sirii nmen mfrfn IT i u n
ntmitwi w t a R t l ? f l lftm^ wti3 n f i îît nc51 m%. i n f? iHH Himci Hwt igilicn wfn ftn
tit Hf m f mm fitm W 1 W 1 f i m i e i lOisH i u n (f. m-t u fu) I
Q i f f < { T n m I f i H m n 'îHni Hi?R f^?tn i^fifitn if? iHinifi? i^f? iHinifcn
lew nt iH>Q tim wiftei H i iHitei n f w i Hi, S?i}n?ci? Iflt i ? i m le^-s ii?fi-tiiti, "Situ' nt
mm itieSififfiHi<PHH c m tf? sftcu^îm <3 wif >iiv;<tiii>ifj^ 1 ^ Hm tmcn iwf? fHm i i n wuti
fHm maim mucit mtitir sHc m n n i fmt i v o o uei I iflt ilt? i t ? 5 F ? fiHfj 1 1 Hi s S^v^f iHii?if5ei
s{%m n f ? itcst iflt ^tf^ l f l iHiti m m i i c i iHcu? I U , cicwf? ftH^fî?ei wsiTfn icett,
Hi I i i i / i i i imfl immcit cnHcn (g.) f m Hitm-c it*i??fic<ti m^s ?iH?eiw i m lewj fntf? ifîfcn
' 'mHi i m c n ffHi m i m I'Hr m f i i m nt ifcwci? H?5e^ Utci n i l m i u nt itnicn Se,u
m f mci i t ^ ufm [mHi c^ciHf.i f m fm'?-uti' ic5tt? ifica wtiiii i u 1 iiicn m m f ? "flt HHgm
f tlH?lfi'l-mi1^ (ttc?f W f . G. L. Lewis, The iui m n, 'Situ' rucn wrsf1 ^ ? m n ^ n ut
Balance of Truth, m i f e f t l ^^.3 i C f 'Suit' milcll ntinl? iHs muen i?g? W M ^ 1 ^ wiHu% 1
I C U fgmci i#i wifi Hm-HitUcn iîa <m m n mffu-^ nntci n t m 'Siuf itnmlli
n t u n m ^ ^[t^^ ^ ^ i m i f n w^m i f i m wtcmten m , 'Situ' cm iut if? HmH? fH iHe
f f Hm imi m m i 'wtHm m njimci uHi Hici itn ut I 'Situ' cgf? I C U n U 3 i HHt uH^ Hen wr^m
wm, ^mfmtn^ n mu5 uîm ^tc f? iHu utc csf-sn uu (ivii-ivsift '|.) (f.) I Hf HH 'SUitr W # T
m I IC?? *rf? iHf? if?jti iHu ifl?>isti iiH?eiw
n i m c i I t m mien -^mtn i c 5 f i imtci 01 ?l|U?iici wtH^ l-sm i? 1 csiei n? iflt ne??
I t f i ( i i v s > - i v o H ' ! i . ) - n mffurci C I U m c i , 'Situ' iicgt I t f n Hem n HH Hen witen i t r n i , if?
if? I t m e ? ? i H wtien fiit? uH? Hi? imci wHmn HmHiHcnu 1 nHci.HH t?w^W uwSlHi c?f7n
I H P ? I lilt itiei? Hit c? n s itm?fii ii?f c i i i u giei? m wit?HH f?iiH i ? i m n n iwi n -flit
<^?lHirnitcnieuwun C2j^ i m icn'WtHi u^tuen vti'^jHc?' i t f m fiiimei m^Hi ifliH wtt? ?T?fr?
n m S ^ i i f i m 'wi?^[mifm 1 wuu if? iHSiwifti^ icuwfim fai iHc 'Situ'? wmim-s SnH icn 1
I t m u u n icm f m ius fuHci? cmHt 'Smu' i m tntf wtt? Itmni n t wr#m?cn icwj-rm'
imfi-tmi wm m c m m f ? Si? c m iHHFu ic^tt? stm n i f c n leu Hi m i - t tuf nt ciewft
fH isHe i t c ? ut n t ?1^ -fln H^ i i m i w i n ut (f.) 'St.) I w?iT m i i H f i m^H^mt?
uitei if? CWC3! m#ii???iei Hc?Ht i u ute ite? 1 ftmtfnm i w itliifi Hi u 1 iH^s HH Hfi-ifl?
i f i m i wHi? fftei? wittn iH 1? n t titen Hin m#imif?ici m "Smf? iitu 11 iHuHcn,
w ^ n m c?itfi?jt i v i - b ^. 1? u i f n wfn 'Situ' itnmHimiftici? H??:^ HH 1? 'wrifl-irfen n-s
nH mHuHiei? ^^tmn wHun HH titcn iH wH w ? m m ? I wi^ 'wrif'i-itf? cit i t i n f HH iUt
Hen Iflt wHcuei m wtmit^ n 1 i ? ^te witf? iHHRrrf? ii?f'i-tiiti n m cuf (f.)-ifl? im
^tH i m t i ? T f , ifimi m iiua f ^ f t ? HHu osrseisei tm itc? luici uu m? icn 1
wiHc i t n ut; iHH Hi 1? 'wt?f'i-ilf? ( i b - i - t i - i f e o S ) 1? 'wi?f1-itfen uwfiti [ i V H i b - i S i o S ) (g.)] Hi
'l.)-ifl? uwfitei n t Hfim i f e S o ^. -^c i n f itei 1 n i i m if? Itme?? wu n i f ? wuHm in. 1 wi?
i f ? i H f m e n w?m c f ? iHusen i n wtti tici tit iHl 1? 'if<>iifci? f?2Wfj?en m ttun
u-su m i ?n tifii n e n iHi? i ?imn i u Hei? 'Smf Uftcwj neii? cm i m i ^ f i t f i i fR Hi
1? I inHci 'Situ' if?itmeniewjmisrW itmen u, cisH i?i? S ^ îSfm ^^c wtmf i u itu%f nt
wsHH tu<ei wist iHc n < n 1 ?Ha t?fil ?f? miiiÎtc m n , "wtif"i-itf? t i m SniH iHuen
iHit?u3ui itwfHc mis Hftn wH i m i e i n H mte 'mn <ii|>ifci 'SmHu i m f?i1H itc itCj? I
?? iicwiici iUH 1?, liHt n t m m tit ?^ <3 i c i ? <flt m -tfMifi iHi n m -s i t m i i m ?iu
ieuimte??iHc?fHoisn iSimmii i f ? iHfcn iuntf nsgiici nt uwJ?fi ScRTir HtH? wu tirn?
i m Hun ?H6 uif"i-tmici ifm? n H ftf -s HHt ? j ? i m icstr n u irmn -s wnci? uHim cmgHf
m i m I U 1?, Hm Htci? wen i i n iHH Hm iflt m itfen mu u^ ifiu cn 1 tir iwf? n, m -
Hmf? nine?? mr it^tfw i u 1?, m wnimfi^ tmfuen i m 'wr?fl-irfen uwfitei f i i m ' w t i ^
t m f fiiem
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Contents
tfftA
(^.)-m ATtA A j M e f t W t ^ f s t t t f t?*ttro C f t f t i t M ^ f ^ f t t f t - M 3 w^ff) w t t t f CfffC tit, t f f t f t Wt(ffftCtt

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" t f f f f f l t t t t A t ^ " - i i I A A f t M s T A s r t ^ t W o t A fIf ftro TOttf^ Atc w M s t T I
ftl cflftw-iilt t f f t w f ^ R f l t t f t t t f t f t f t t t wftft
W f j f t W fAlttff ' W t A 5 ^ W t * | f t w f t f f f l 2ttA wttf (ifeAO-ife'Ob- f ) ,tffftCtWR f t f f t t t tt^ f C t I
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l f t i # f t W t A , i f e o b r ' ^ ^ t t ^ f R t t b t l f f t A I AtT f f f t t t t i^ffAT ^Stc W R ^ f R W A f R f f f c t I f f f t T ' , t l v j t l t l f f A ,
AttT W A F s A W f t f t ftf%t5tttft S 'ÎtHstlA ( W ^ t t f f e t t t lflftffA lilt f f f t f f f fTOftct t ^ t t f , W S s t , f f t T O
tArt f t t t f t f t t f t f t t f s f t t f f t t t t f T R t f t t f A f t twfAtft-'il l i R t . t f t C ^ f f t f t f ? t t t c t f f t C t liltt ^ ^ f t t t t t t f f p ?
' f A t t t t 'wrtW t A t t s t A t t f t R t I i f e o b - f ttftti^ t t w t t f f f -G f t t t f w f a t f f i t t f f C ^ f f f f t A t e t t e C f t t f R At
t ^ ft?2tffl A t t R t t fASttt Wt^[ftfttf t t t t f l M l , atCtlWt W f C l A t f t t t c t f f f c t t t I f f A R s f A f f f t t t t t
fftt-t f f s t f t t ( t A f i f f t t f Cfftf'A-Cttit) Wtfff A t W f 2 t t f f g f t t f f t T O f f l A t t t t T f ^ f T f T t t , f f f t f l G
f t f f t t t R f t t a t t i C t I t A t t t f 3 l t f f t t t t R W R i^fft tfftft Witctt ffcfft f f t t I f f t t f attftK, AfTfttft TOt
cttm C?ff t t t fftc t t t S tit I l i t wt^Mtff fttftftftt lftfttf:At ttttttff t ^ ffttf CfTStl A t lilAt t A f C ^ ftf%
aftR tifctt W t t T Wtt^ ttfftt Wt*|ftfttf tctt tffttt- ^Sttf f e t t t f C t t f f f 5 A f M f t f t t A t , A t A t t f f t C t t t :iilfft
Wttft W t f t t R t t G t t T f f f t C t t t r t t - S A t t ^ - ' i l t t c t T f?tTCt ftftft fttCt t f t t AttlfAf I
f C f . f t Wftf1wft S t f A ^ i f R f f f t t A t I f t t f t f t f t igA^ ftttf t f t f TOtCf f t C ^ t f f t c t t f f f ftffftttfCt
'Wtt^-'iR f f t R t t f t f f t t t t - W f t f t W f t t f t I t t ^ f t f t e w , Rctbti ftt vsifstvo tt i fittft tftm tf ^ tntt fft

fttt-t f f t f t C t ^ ' f t t ^ - C f W f t . f T t t t T t fCWt f t T AtttCA I t f f t c t t f t f t f t , : , l i l t i^ffAtfff itl^ t t t t A T t f R W o T f C t Ct
tAR f t C f ttat f t t ^ s t t ^ tftffi A t TO? ^ f t t f^ Wfttt tfit t # t t f t t a f f f f i t f f f t i t ff f C t , t t A R - W T T O t A t
f t 1 Cttf t t t C f C l , W t t t C f t f f C A t l A R . f l f Wf#fTttt,^ f f f t W t f t t f t f ! vS;:^fttt ; C t t C t t f t t f A t t i c ? l i l t t C f t
ftC^ t f ftcttt A t ' f t t t f t fstftftCt f t f C ^ tfft t @ t t f t A T t f R f t C f t f f t t t f t f C f t A t W t t T S t f t t i C t t wft^
2fff^tiCt I ttfttCfW tt^TATfttt^ .;ilt- f f f ^tC: t i C f [ f t t f f tttf t f f t t vs f f f f t f t l A t C t Wftft
W t * [ t t f f t f t C f 2iffaFtfftf?ifCt t t T f C t t j ^ - t C W t ftro Wfffttt fCtt, t f f t c t t t f f A i C f t A t t ? t l ^ f f t f (5. W t t f f ) | I,
fft c-#tf f f f c t TOt c t A C t ' W t t f f f :(Frsoy)-'iR t f f l t c f liltt ffpittctt ^8'5 f k t 1 t f i -vs-:W5ttctt
t c t T f t t f t i U f f t f t T O , t t Atc lil t f t f f t t C t W T t f t ftt^ ftft f f t c A t , t t W , A l t f f A t f f t i ; ^ t l t t A t lilAt
vs W t 5 f t f f t f f t c t t t f t t fttttft fftf^ tftttiCt tfttt f A t f ff C f titt w c f tft b i f f vs t f f t f t t t f f t t C t t -attttct
ffttCAl wttf A t , fff-tAttf vo tAl C t t tf|[^f;' t f f ft3Ft^ f f C f t
. fftt-t fflflt->ilt W t ^ i t f t t f f t t t t t wtitttttft- W f t f R ^tc t f ^ A t I ff ttffACf (tfftf, tt|f)
tttt WtftSft fCt Cfftf't-Cttlt-TO i*tt fftftCt Wttctt f t W R w f t t W t t t t t R t A t I fff i ^ - ft^; lilt fff
tWtftfR tct WtftTO, tt tfft Wf^ltf ttctt W t C t t t t t f t Ct Cfttttt f A C t l f f R Ct C f R -ETfR t t w t t f f f f t t t t
a m tf^tflIC<t t f f t t t t W a t t f t ffAi#fttt ftw Atc-fAt f t f t ^ f t t A t . liRt C f R atfR,fft f t r o Wttt lftft StffilCf
f C t t I 'WtAfftA CWv3Ct 0 . CW^SCt) TOt f t f t W t C t A t l t f f f f ^ i - C T O t t f t t ^ - 1 ,ft1t tff a | l ^ l t f f C A t W t t t f , ffttf
f t t twfAtt-'ilt. Cf TO t1tTCt''&fArtf f f t t t ' TOt f t f ^ iiRt,wfABAit ttAf f ? t l f f I f t C W T t W t f f f ^ t C t t f f c t t
wt?[ftfttfftttt ftfc^ wtaptt tftroitl f t t t I WttT ftT W WR tfit A t t A R ftttf tf ft^ltffCAt tmttt
f t f c t w T f t f f t vs 2 t t t t t f t t r f ^ c f t wTfttt t c t fff W T t t t t t Sfcttf? f t t t t W C t t t fAWt vs.wftft. fAtctttr
W l f t t t t t f t t C t t f f f t t Atc I fft A t C f t f f t f C t f f t l ( i b - t - b - ffttT crcf I . ..
ifeAS f ) ( f . Cttft?f) I t A R f t f l t f f f f t ftgtCWT W t f f s f A f t t A t f C T O tct-Cftf Wfftt. f^ttt aftft A s T O
f f f fftfttCtt f t T O f tf^ftt-fft Wlt?llA t t f t f f t t f ttt ( t f A t t fCf f tttttf tff ftftctt t i r o t t t fAtCtttTt
(ibrtft-ifeSfe f , ) - < i l t t Cflft?f t f t f ^ At t f f f fl'StffT WT^ fttftftCA fAWt At) t f f t c t t atf lilf ttt Wt#t
f l C f t t t I mm C t t t f M t f f f % iHAt lilfWt WtfttRtft f f R R Wtffg A t I lilttCt^S f # f i ^ f t C A J t f t C W C a R t i R , W I A t t
f t t s f ^ ^ f t t t i c t t fff l i l f f t f a i f f f f f t f f t i H f t f t f fsttt. Wt^ftfltCtt w c f t f f l A ' - ^ i i R C f R fu^ Ctffc ttt t t I fftctt
fCttttAtc t f f t c t t 'ff C f t f f t ^ t f Wf[ffft?tCtt fftft 'Jtf tttt f t f o t C A fWT f t T ^ T O S ( i ) t f f t c t t attf
f t t t t W R t c t T TOt f f f WtfttTtTCtt,fftfff ^ t f ^ t t C t t t f f j f f w t T O t I ^fAtfff a t f t f t t b t l t f , ff tbtiffCAt
tetr f t r o ^ fIf i c n t f i c a t f t f w t M t t f C A (N. Berkes W f T O Wttt f t r o t f ^ liltt f ^ ftlWtf^f ttt 1 (A) t f
tfftf fttCfR
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Contents
mti fwtmm? 3Fn?5rfff mil; tit? m i I t ? i ? t u o E. Erisirgil, Bir Fikr Adamnin Romiani, Ziya
f o ? nfmnfm fntimw wiu t?m (ff?i wttHmifs? Gokalp, Istanbul i S - f t i s f . ; ( i 8 ) cin, Mehmet
i?mt?? wm mif m t i i i i mfnm? f?%^ imi, ? i t ^ff? iH? Akif : Islam'i bir sairn romani, Wt?1tm i f e f t - b s f . ;
fn^mu i t n , f ?mm m ^ mim m-sfi? ifim mi, f%m ( i f t ) A. Adnan-Adivar, Interaction of Islamic and
im, 1 ^ -arni-aimmim? mmm? m?Rm i (o) -fn (mmtff Western thoughts in Turkey, in Near Eastern
îffmtmjtn Smm, imn m-i^fûi ?mm? ?i-mi'fmf??s Culture and Society, mtt. t. Cuyler Young, i f e f t i
ifntf citftm^, m mtifsmsm? mf?i?, ^ (mnm n t ( i - b ) B. Lewis, Islamic Revival in Turkey, in
?mmtf?itn m m:? i ( 8 ) ?ifi?<:iwm fitmf i m m f i s Intemational Affairs, I b r ? . ( i S - f t i s j . ) , o b r - 8 b r ; ( i H )
i?imi^, mm mtf'mtt? f i s i f ^ , -an H t m f ml cm. The Emergence of modem Turkey^, m i f e - b v
ifm m (mtm? mfi tmrn i t ? i f i i m t ? t irmtn ft s j . ; ( i V ) L. V . Thomas, Recent developments in
fiuf i?'=tmf&. i?tms itmmi^ <il^f f < i t i ? nft wift Turkish Islam, in MFJ, - b ? . ( i S - f t l s f . ) , ^ 1 - 8 o ; ( i S . )
Iflt
c i t f ntmf?mmf mitn nft mtti? n i f ? iwf? Smcn mm:? nationalism in the Middle East, in Intemational
n t w t i i U s i H i mfmu? f m f T i f^?m cif litt mn Affairs, ^ b - i . ( i i s f t i s j . ) , o 8 8 - f t S . ; ( l o ) H. J. Kissling,
fi.^c^t c? f ? >a wm? m f m o f c?y3m n, mm mum titfiici The Social and educational role of the dervish
^ff? m^[fnf?tn wtmrnatti mm I t n n t n t mitm titfiiti orders in the Ottoman Empire, in Studies in
wfe? iff^?tfim ti?ci? f5u ifim fim ifitn, Islamic cultural history, mmt. G. E. von
S? ncit tm if w f ? f ^ -s?^ i m ific mtitm i t a Gmnebaum, i J f t 8 s [ . ; ( l i ) H. Reed, Revival of
n t titci ?5tmii ? f ? m t m t ? ? mm wf*i<Mf litift Islam in secular Turkey, in MEJ, - b i . ( i S > f t 8 s j . ) ,
^??fci fsfu I C ? I icjci?t c? liiift cgf, C i i t , w m n t l - b H - b - ^ ; ( 1 ^ ) A. D. Rustow, Politics and Islam in
if? ci?it cgfi?? fll citwm m i? 'Smf iitifii Turkey, in Islam and the west, mmt. R. Frye,
?T?ft irmii^ I t m t ? ? i t i if??f itm l a m i f t ? Sif i f e f t H % ; ( l o ) W. C. Smith, Islam in Modem History,
1 ? mtt n m m?[f?i i ? t i ? irm nft ?tw??fi ^mti i f e f t H s j . ; ( 1 8 ) T. Z. Tunaya, Islamilik Cereyani,
mtmt? cigfmpci if?? n i trni? i i b 1 ( 1 f t ) I. H. Uzuncarsili, Osmanli
i f i i f s ( i ) Z.*Gokaip, Turkish Nationalism Devletinin Ikniye Teskilati, wt?lfm ife-bft s j . ; ( l b ) A.
and Western Civilization, mmt. >8 W f . N. Berkes, H. Lybyer, The govt, of the Ottoman Ernpire,
iS>ftS> s f . ; ( 1 ) G. Jaschke, Nationalismus und ife-b-b f. s S. Mardin, Din ve Ideoloji, Wt?1tm i i - b f e
Religion im turkischen Befreiungskriege, in WI, %; ( I H ) N. Berkes, The development of secularism
ib- i . (is-o-b %), <t8-bh; (o) 1^ C i n , Zur Krlsis des in Turkey, l f ^ ife'b8 ^ . i
Islams in der Turkei, in Beitrage zur Arabistlk, N. Berkes (E.I.^)/fim t U f f ?
Semitlstik und Islam wissenschaft, ( i J 8 8 (j-i8- 8 I t?-iifi*ai'! 8 fifn wiiti? icm m m f ?
o ; ( 8 ) Der Islam in der neuen Turkei, in WI, n. f n m i t t iiim itmm iim? ific^ wtti i fif
s., i i . ( i i s f t i %.); (ft) J. K. Birge, Bektashi order i i t % f:^ ( i Hft H s j . ) iH?f ftmt? ^fti t % tf%m cmmtf?
of dervishes, ifeoH %; (b) S. Yaltkaya, Tanzimattan mm i f f l itm? i ? t itmm iMtnft? imw i m
Ewel ve Sonra Medreseler, in Tanzimat, i i , ^ r t f l tmtn fmtm -a mfiimti imH if?t ^ i it? i
i J 8 o f , s-bo-t; ( 1 ) H. A. R. Gibb, Modem Trends m'm ?jfîwtt??^mf,cifwmf>8 ciâmf fif?if:n
in Islam, ma? is>8ft '^.; (v) cin nt H. Bowen, I t m m?cn mmt fiHi wtt? i m fli m ? f ? fifiiict?
Islamic Society and the West, i i . 1 , m mtfwi >3 w i t ? itHtt'f???m Si? i m fimmf im
ifeftl f ;
(is.) liift'Sm mi?fif, wnti cwc? itit, tfti? ifes-bf; i m it*i?fi<t> imm i itfm wittn lOt f n ? ffB i?
( i o ) U. Heyd, The Ottomann 'Ulema and wttfii imf? cii liufci (f. itfm) i fif iat itm
westernization in the time of Selim III and i t ^ iimm m s^mm f i m i i i cm ffim i f i ? it? mt i
Mahmud II, in Scripta Hierosolymitana, i i . - ( i i v b i fmtti? ijw' i m wf? i t n wttii mmf? wHi
^.), b-s>vb; ( i i ) 1^ C i n , Islam in Modem Turkey, t t i n t ^ i f i t i iif? it?s mti ifi? mmf? f i f i i
R. C. AS. J., ( i i 8 H s ( . ) , ls>s>-ooV; ( i l ) cin. ifimwi I titci? icm flcn tf^mfV-fi,
1^ im mmift
Foundations of Turkish nationalism, i f e f e o ^ . ; (io) n t f m mf mtfi? m (f.) i t i m citm^ ? T f ^ flcn
tntf fiitm
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Contents
<b\ro
m t m t wffHaw >a % w * ( f i<)vll{i frin cm? icu I t ftitc? m f 'wtf m fifi^m-fii i f ? Îtfi?
uotmo fit uf?u5 lit m i 1U5C4? cm aim uficiva iit fii fiu fiUftimc? wfii? muu^ fien i t f i i i wtim i
% wf UHR3<S?55 I U I mi tm mnfmici? t i f i ? f i i ?nt?f? c m

wi*îwntci? wt^tw n<ifiu f?fi ummo wtifiei? i?f? fifiiiel? S ^ muHf csf? fiit iiicuu
I t f i f i wtim m (f.) itc s ^ ifnt m n tm i
1? I 'Puftc tit afitiit n , fif Itfiimc? tit
?5mf HsicHfd t m t n f Spcn fH ftn ^ f ^ ^ i f l i r j , ?f? fiiiei? mitci S m if?e mi t m fiffei ati^s?
fif lit 'sifiuofiu mt? imt atm icn an? n
S f f if?c n < n I'Suu'n^-f tit ifiaili icn I
m fc? mtit 'wtf c#tfft? ( f . ib-H %) im mtfii? wtf? 'wtf (5.) c m ttc?fw muc^t fifiuen
ifWtfif*1-'Sf1 (tC?fw Wf. 'S?l?f lit??, wtf? "wtf,
5 t C f
m i t m imc fll n H ftfii â irmm uki? fiji
if??5?iu ffi ufii? wtim I t e n 'wtfi wtemcn n u
?sfi??1 ife-bs ^.) ?c? w]^ wifat? liuft wtmtw n<f?fn I
fien u, fif tit m ff? wts i f ? t c ? atmfi ituficn

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f f ?
m i t m I t m u f ifi^raU ^ wtsriw nfcn aru? icn i
c m f;?wtcn iH mûf'ft i ? , atffcw tltU cmcn CIUC? I t f i i i wtim m ftwtnimei imiff fie?5U
U U C I ic?ic? ai^tfis f ?wtcn wfsf?u ^^c ^ mi c>tnj
ifiu fieufim iHuen, ciitn im ncuf itf (s.)-^
wt^[Hi umT fisrtcn wtfimi^^ wifi?c?? U ? T C I ftimm int w?iiu ifim m^Hmn? iftei fiufif????fc
fifin? affsicw iitcn'fisf ?ci? wsfifi ijcit f ? ifii n I fiei? fiift mm icit* fm i t m t i m
v f l t
atfttlf?C? I (^.)-m um-tntf ifimifi i
I t f i i ? wtim ucn fim ?if^ 'rgf? fifiiien Hti mmf? m?f? frfii m^[ît?ien i f c m iut
wt*|f??5t?tcn uff wtriim Si? attitu fist? i f ? u wtci i
U f ^ ltCC^1 ' W M U fitm t i m fif
( i b r H f t f - i f e O l r ) I
ffi fiwtcn atTtc?ci? w^fifus -a nutf iici ^?fi?,i I t f u i w n m uen 'fim tm m^[f?ituf w?fm â
?t% fiimcn ^tf^ 'cug' mi 'aiff' ntci tm
C 3 f i ? 9
fie?mii^ wfi?s? f ^ , wmt, imHiin Siif% if?c ?m
mm? ift i f i ? i ifiuen atite?i itcei wtm? u f i
nsfw n t i m H n? n? i?m? f i e u f i im wic?n
m i 'atff' itcci im fit I titcn ICU cm atm i ? m a t m I t f i i i , i f ? u m ffwffii, fif tit i t n ? ? i e i
fieufim u fimf% ufic ue? u i t m f wtcn uHft nmf^?? I
i^fu?tt Se,ei? I C U ffi t m ' (m-iHi i f ) (f.)-n n t mn fiieuici t i m citct? Si? n ? i f t n
aiitum ie?i fiui (Snt) (f.)-ci twfit? ( f . ) ( u f ^ i
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ntw va uf^fieien S^f? wu afcsirsfnci f?m? iHuen
fiu?-fiemt ateui) u u atfftn icn -a??, mei icn, tU mmu ariwtn f ?wi? itc Sv? i?, n t titu wtmiw
m Htfw -a f f % u i ftPiei? wu liuft wfim; ?u<l nfcn uun t m mfi itf?tt i -ft mn fneui ^cci,
mci memi atitei? uuei ffi itf^- (fO-'fl? mtien fiut e,i?m, wim n t mfim vitsH im itfiii fft? ft
w?ci? 'J??m mmci memi ami? ien mi atm fffstn ci#? m?tm? aim m n t im i ? ? f mi?f? fH
f-iuen fts ?iiiim nuc? icufieif ien tm f ?w#
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nut f f ? m i (?tfii?i) ( 5 . ) - ^ 'Jiim wffm icn mi n t titei ? ^ I U ituei ffwm? vnH S T ^ ?ii fimin I
IC? icn CI, tit u u ? f , f m ftfim i^Jcfg > & f i t f i i
cm cm ^ titei f m i u ititci i f v a u c ? mfi n t
um cwm aftifii, i ? ? f ififici ufi IC? I tm tit tntci? n<tuf? f?usi?t3m m m -su^ff ffim
i?cmg (fi, ci? fim, cm? -a cuui mmfi im), i m m ft 'Nn, ifia titc i f % 5 ? f u ? Si? fi^tfim
C5pc?ii^ mi iirni^ fn w-?f f f % i mi ^f^<iicn
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i t ? n , fH twu'-va? m m 'J??m f m icn n t t m
f f ^ i
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u u m i f ? n titcn icu fnti 'wtf ficn wfii?
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m u t mi ffi Hftc? nft m?[H^ f#m ?n| itmcn
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wnm Uen fiUfii -a ?twC?fi ffeif^c-t^ ? 5 U 1 ? 1 ? I
tntf Hieim
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Contents
wM-tmi
iim mutw wifi-im mm (ivb-v-ife^v f )-ci critical exposition of popular Jehad, <pf=i<pil i W f t
stf mc< mr*ifnmtf imr K I mt, Hf fH tim f m t m s(.; ( i f t ) mfH 'mtft. The ethics of Islam, ifiitm
utum tntft Hiimmuii wm^ Sim mmtiu i t im i V f e v o s j . ; ( i - b ) cin. The Spirit of Islam, i n i f e i i
itlittn -flit uttn fiH^ 1 1 , lit tfitii, itT, lUf f; ( i H ) mtiii l U n Itft, fftmi mt m wm-t tnm,
-flit f n -flt^sH? tf 1 U 1 'si^ wttmti ifertm i tiitm tilt ivife f; (iv) fitm t i m (f. ifift, s. v. tim);
cimm Itfici utmn wteim witstt atHfifiici fft? ( i f e ) mt<[m-itm mtm, taifUff-fim, item i f e - ^ i % ;
ci5f IU itiucnCTUcitwtui fiUi mtm? m iffuft ( l o ) cin, ?tfi?t-t tifUfm-fum, item ife-Jsi
Wifti fl atf^ 1 C ? 1 1 UUC'UfC1? wu -fliUai w u - 1 1 ( l i ) cin, 'Siiw -au u-aui m fimft Ulf?, I t e m
itccife, mtcif un, t u n - 3 tuci mfmi i u I ife-3s8 s j . ; ( 1 1 ) -s'lm mti'm m-afi? (itum?, H'uw-t
t i u i -flit mtm S?t "S'Ui mtim it?c??-n f&stmm tntfiu, m f i f e 8 f e s j . ; ( 1 - 0 ) cin, t n t f fiwti,
Si? sim t?m ic?i I tm mt5fi?5mm, cuts? Si? ticm m f i f e 8 i s j . ; ( 1 8 ) -5 cin, mtfti ci ui, m f ifeft-o s j . ;
mttttt ?i^, Hf fisitci? imft? -fll mmicuu mmtmu ( 1 f t ) cin, fiwil-t ^tfÛl, i u f ifefts s j . ; ( l - J s )
-3 f?ti imum? ifum Si? t m tf^ stHH i tm cm, ii-f?-Sui, m f i f e f t H s j . ; ( 1 1 ) cm, fitf m-
mnHf4 utum it?ci wt?[fiimtft cif^c^n Si? tm f ?mi. I t e m i f e - J s o - v b i s j . ; ( I V ) cm, islam : a
sim mH Iiu I challenge to religion. I t e m i f e - b V (ife) -5 cm,
m wt^[fii t?iilci? fHflft tHitci? -at M*ttTH A.A.A. Fyzee, A modem approach to Islam, cmt
fitii S^ caf? mtutwi mt^fiitici? Si? H^st stm t?m ife-Jsvo s j . ; ( v o o ) Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Modem
I C ? , ticm i S i s H % 1 ^ I S^ nc?? i ? t ilH-aiw Islam in India, l-ai ihbS s j . ; ( v o i ) Aziz Ahmad,
itm7i?i -3 sttfmiftici? I C U HtHm i n -flit mt Islamic Modemism in India and Pakistan, i V f t H -
-fliua i w ?m I mtufwi mtme?? cweat itHmci mt*|fiir?iife'Js8 s j . , m i f e - J s l ( v o l ) Freeland Abbott, Islam
c? wilH mte n < ititlci tu icit fif i ? i t m utf^ in Pakistan, tUm ife-JsV s j . ; (vovo) Aziz Ahamd and
^luai fifii uHufii utcn immm I C U ftmw um G. E. von Grunebaum, Muslim self-statement
m i^fiuiei mtu ifitci mfii? i^Hi -flit fim-fie^nci in India and Pakistan, i b r f t H - i f e - J s b r wlesbaden
uuu ifntci n nw? iHu fHuei i c? fien cgftH i f e i o ( v o 8 ) L. Binder, Religion and politics in
itHm ffte cif C I ? -a?ttm i ? ^^tc t i t iti? *Rcci, Pakistan, U i e i ife-Jsi % ; ( v o f t ) S. M. Ikram, Modem
tmt itf?ite? mt*(Hitift ^ ifmiitt i titc?? mtfwi Muslim India and the birth of Pakistan, I t e m
fftft nt iitifii fim^ i i i ifsRn? f i i i t e - 3 titu ife-Jsft s j . ; (vo-b) J. M. S. Baljon, Modem Muslim
itmTiff, fif ?twfffc nt ii?iat ii?c? mt^Hitm Koran interpretation, i b r b r o - i f e - b o s j . , lite? i f e - b i s j . ;
mM i?ite? itfrniftiei? uei? iffti i im -flt uci? (-01) cm. The Reforms and religious ideas of
ft Sn êei mt^m-mtmt f-a^jf? tmft mtemm i Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan, iten ife8fe f; (-ov) Bashir
i f i#t 8 ( i ) mt^ ^ i f i ? m - n wu, storey, i/i i . Ahmad Dar, Religious thought of Say5ad Ahmad
tribr-s,; ( 1 ) I t t u ? mtim m, fs-m-t mnufiut, mtit Khan, I t e m i f e f t H % ; (vofe) Shahid Husayn Razzaki,
ib-Ho f ; (vo) -5 C i n , tiftim-fim, mm ivb-o-ivfe* Sir Syyld awr Islah-i muashara. I t e m ife-bvo '^.;
%; ( 8 ) -5 cin, tuuf m-im 'mm f-m-inun, mtit ( 8 0 ) l i f t , l1U-t w t f f i , mf? i f e o i s j . ; ( 8 i ) K. K.
ivfeo vsj.; (ft) cin, t?^ f finf utmitHm-ifiiF Aziz, Ameer AU " his life & work. I t e m ife-bv s j . ;
-sm-u^, mtif ibrfeo (-b) cin, cnm ( i f t ? f t ) ,( 8 1 ) S. M. Ikram, Mawdj-i Kawthar, I t e m i f e f t t r
itcui i b r f e i f ; ( 1 ) cm, mt--ti-ft?f SfH'-tift?, ( 8 v o ) J.N. Farquhar, Modern religious
miit ivfei s j . ; (br) cin, t ? l i - t 'sitft, mtif iv^vo movements in India, m i f e l 8 i
(fe) ^ cin, tiiffi-t mt5;iif??jt, mfit i f e o v o s j . ; ( i o ) Aziz Ahmad (E.I.^)/ fitm tUff?
cin, mtit (?nt ni), item ife-î f . ; ( i i ) cin mti-tim (c5'-"^ I) Utitciei? mri itf? itftm
(imt.), miftim-mtnti- (mt'jtt f?fgi), item n. d.; iHm I i l l iiti i ^ v o f e ?mm/ i f e v o i f. i iffm fitm
( i l ) fnti 'mft, u u ' t i , Itmtm ifeiv-ife f ( i - o ) fan n \ cift? fifn mtfim itn, fieit ii iitfi i
cin (fsm "mtft). Hie Proposed politic^d, legal and mti-tnii--fl? n m Snew i f e 8 i mtci? i i îit f H -
social reforms in the Ottoman Empire and other lenf?-meitwi i u n i i m ?,i? ff Snew mi-
Mohammedan states, CUmt i b r i - o f . ; ( i 8 ) C i n , A tim-'fl? full mtut iitH 1 ? I (ifevi '^.) I ifeb-8 mtei?
tntf fiiem
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Contents
IM M R tt f t f t atftft A t i >t tttn As,ro Paris 1898, 371-5; ((?) Ph, de Cosse-Brissac, Les
f t t W t fftf fSR fflf fAAt f f f A f A-fe-ifelrt f rapports de la France et du Maroc pendant la
tfttA t f t f t f fCft I CfftA f f f t A fftfj ftftRA 5soA conquete de P Algerle, Paris 1931; (b) Ch. A.
fMt f f A f f r c w ^ Wtf-tfftA-'flRf ftttA ftft Q f t M A t Julien, Histoire de I'Algerle Contemporaine, Paris
(iS.!s5s f ) I f A ^ f f f ACfA f f T t tA f M C A t t T O 1964, i, 198-9.
W t f - t f f l A f t t f f A f f A f f f A f C t f t vflflM3 i%ft t A I A atff R. Le. Tumeau (E.I.^M. 1 . 1 . W T t f t t t
f t t w I A t t t t A Wtftf (A)->ilA tfCfS WtfAWA f t t
ftft ' j f t f t f W Cfftt f ^ M f i t ! ftfA, tftft Wtf-tfftA lilfWt ftfft tft, Att tAfttt ('Wt)-iilt fA [ f f f t Att
t t A Wtftf (t) f t f t sfftt fct I t A l t M tfAti t s tfttM Cwt) ^^c ttcf i'o/is ttfctt cut f?cft], ftro
io<b8f t f t f t f w t f - t f f t A t l A Wtftf ( A ) f t f t afAA WCtR f f t f t t t f f t (wt) ftro f t C f f^ t t C f C t ^ f
atftM A t I W t f - t f f A t t 3 J f t t f f M ftm-C5f ( t f t f t AttlfAf I ftttR ( W t t f t Wtf-ttftf )-iil ftro Wtt A t tfftt
A o o o f ) v8 W t f - t f f t A i f S t f t t Cf A f t W l f f e ( t f t f t
W ^ ftt At, C t t t C t A t t ttttft Cwt) ffft A t e a|TtATOt
Aooo f ) ftfifr?f WtTttf W t t f t f t I f R t f Wfc W t f - tt tfttf ^ f f C t t (tAf 'ttf^, i t , (2-A) 1 tfAtf t ^
t f f t A I M R W t f f I ftcttnR f c s f I t t f f ( M ) f ^ t A t f ttfA'Tf ( ' - ) I W R ttf ATf
fftiSt ttttft C5t*|ft f t t t . , tfCft fttCtt f R t f
i (i)
t ^ "WRf ffff t ^ A t f ttf A T f (3^:^^) I M tro
t C t t f - A , rot A o o f t f ; ( A ) C t ^ t R ^ f f WtCtlTO CAtCff
^ W W C t t ATtro f t I CftWtl fAfC o^-iilt t f t t C t^-iiR
CStît, WtftftAtCiit f f f t t . f f t i!s>!s>t % ; ( o ) t f t t C t t ^ l f l
ftttf, ftCft ffstCtt tfffsft, ftCft A o o o , A o o A , A 0 0 8 ; t r t r o f f ^ f C A ; W R j d f ^ r o c t t M ^c 'spt f t A i f t f t 1
( 8 ) t8 ttM CAlCft C5t*|ft, ffCfCtt ttCft i^fAT, Cfftt l i t ffi%C t f A t f ' ftro f t t ttf ttt I Att fttt tftttfsCft,
ffPit fttt! ftft, f S f A008 I "WtlT^ t'Wtft wrttCf A t f l t C f t ( l fA T f ) lilAt W T T O fM
CtSff f f f WtCttro CAtCff C5t*|ft A t A t f t A t rot f t f c t t A t f AlffCt" ( f t c t f , Wtft tpSf, A i
^ f t ^ (Isly) S w t f f w M t t c ^ l t t t i f i t f t f c f t S t) I ftWR ftftt f f t M ^ttt?''g \ M '-LIYJÂLJ
l i l f f t fft I. t f f t f t t f t f t f t f t f t t M atfM t f %,<^ '.I. \ ' ^ 5 t t tro f t ftfttfM liRt Cf AtM" ( i i s
iflfft f t t f t I t r o f t W A Ctt C f t t ' S f f t t I ct W t f f t M t i ) ' l w f t t A t t tftrft ('Wt)-Cf f t t A t t t f A t f ' - l i R
t t t W t t ttltft f t - t M t t t t a l f f t ^ f A ' s r o f t f t f t f t W C t R f f t r o C t ^ f At tt t r o f t A t t f t f ffft f f f C B t
Wftf f c ^ tttwa ftftCA tftn I -iitttt bsb/i^fto ^ trotH f?cft, ffc fffc ftfttft I
' 5 s t o / i A t i ftCf f f t f t ' S 'WTtgf-'Sttt f f t f t t C t J f l f t t M ttttft rro t f A t f - C f issac ( w t t w t f ) t t e t wftM
A t I t A f W Marshal Bugeaud-iflt Ctft^ f t t f t f f t f t t f f ^ ^ c f s a t t ^ r f t t c t t i i t rof fftf t c A ct, T'Qtte's t f A t f
rot f f l t f"Sftt 'wrtft-fAttCtt f p t f a f T t f A W t t ('Wt)-iilt l i t f t f f l M A t t t C ? I t f t l f t r f l Mttti ( f t f t f ) - i i l
CtfCf t t c ^ f f t f t t ttlfR 1 ^ l i l t t t t t f ttM A t I fCftift ffltM A t t i c ? ct, ffft " ^ " f - f 1 f A " - i i R ftt WtJstAt f C t t I
f f ^ t C M t t AtWR tftl ifltt t t t ^ fftftt M f S f t A l W R W R t f f t f fttttf W f t t f ffft ' w t f t t ' - t t i e s W t l t A t f C t t
tttT I ttt^ fftftt f t - T * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ftwrftt ( f W t l - ^ f f t f , 'J. bo; W t f - f ^ * ^ , 'J. i o o ) I a { f t e w
WttCttft I lilt f C M f f t t t t t ' S f f f f w t t f t f t t f t A t t f t i t t t r o C f t t t t t t f f A l t Attt arttM A t f I W t t T f t c t c f t
ffwt fttt ilr88 ftCft i8 W T t r S t CR C t f R I fff W wtfttiros 8 f t w f c s ^ iiitf wte? ct, A t t t f A t f
t t C f t t f 'Q f t t M f ( t f R f R t t f t t f t f f t f t f ^ f t t t t ('wt)-iiit wctit lilf t A t t < 3 t f A t t f i t r c f f t r o WCtft a t l f j f f t
tttr ttcît f i A f t wt5 f t ( s t f 'Q W f t t f l wtttttf tiltfcf c t ^ f At-i t f t l ^ f ft'Stttte f f t M wte? ct, A t t t-tttUt
t f f f M C f C f I t r o f C f atR f t s j roc^ ftfft f t t f t C l i t (^s^t) ^*}i\^ 18 W f T O t t f t C f wtro t t f t t t f fttw ftr tAt
Atc w t f f f t C f I lilt f f W C t t W t T f C t t C f f f f f wt tfft f f f c t tt I l i i f r o t e t t f t t tt% cftt c s i A t H W t M f I
fttft atft f f At I W S t t l i l f f t t f f t W t W t f f M C f f f wtfff Atftt A t C f t I
sTft^t i ( i ) Wtt-fftft wtf-ftftft, t f ftfft, f t . A t t tttfft Cwt) f t A t c t t wtr l i l f f t f t t c f - t s f f t f
f t t c t t , 8 t . , iS-ib-b- (wg. In Am, X, 167-171); atTWtfff W t f f t f t I tAJf t f t c f t , wttf fft t f t C t t t f f M C f t t ftf
f f t t t s ( A ) Leon Roche, Trentedeux ans travers t t t f f I W R Cf fft Atf, sfftt wttf w t f t t f ftfet c t t f t
L'Islam, Paris 1885, H, 396-407; ( o ) General du Wtmt f f f t l i l t A C t t t f t r o a f t t f f f t t I W A C t e t lAlf
Barail, Mes souvenirs, Paris 1894, i, ^ 6 - 5 5 ; f t A t C f l i l f f t fa f f t c t t f f t t T t f f c f t 1 f t w R f t f e f s liit
( 8 ) Meirshal de Castellaue, Campagnes d'Afrique, f S t R f c g t t f t f e ? I et f f f t t f^tct s
t f f t f fftCfR
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Contents
t?jm'mHtmm-mtm
ift i m f i m 1 ? (mti-m'f'f, m'fti, i i , i\r) 1 f i f
m e n f i ? i w cm? m m 1 ? m t 1 mieic? f i i m ? i ?
Li I >t ^ "i V IjJLS Li-Jui. p j 'i n (_>u-^ jl J <(_jj I J-i^
t f ) (m t i ) n t i f f ? m e ? i t ^ w ? m i ie? ( i t s ^
? m , % i h m t t n i t m ^ , i i ,ftb-)1 Se?t f l c n n w 1
?m i t m i t e i CI, i n t f m w n 1 ? n t ic? m ' f i - n 1
(ii?bfe-Hi) . < - J > ^ J - : ^ ! IJ J J J-a-L^L l4-ijii-e-i H-smite Sfifi m e i ci, m t f n Se?? iem f i f t t n
^pmiH f n I Htm m n i t t 1 ? ? ?ii^c<i? f i e i mtft f i e n 1
m? mm f l c n t f (m t i O - i f l ? f i e i 1 - f l t i ? i i H f t ? S i ?
sif civsm n ?ci I m ? i t n i t f m f t f m f t i ? t i - v f l ?
i f n e i Titen Hewc??t f n m m mteiiei f t i m i f i m e i 1
f i i i t i n f i f i i v^fîtfii f n - s f i ?5Hm-s fiRoic?
ic ,Îi I 6 I a ^ "i V I^l_3 ^ a JAtj 'i n ^-^ jl_i
n imm? H m m t i ' f i f i H m e n 1 f m r i f v^fitfii
(fti S 18-lb"). c^ m n m mfcif i c n mt, ifmmvs '8{?t m?r I m ^ fiiem?
i f l t n wnrtc? m m i i t l 8 m s t n t f t ? ( ' m t ) - i f l ? Jawish Eneyclopaedia-C Sfffi i t l f C l CI, t n t i
H i t H i imtHo c u s n m i H m i fH t m n w u -fliH Cmr)-vfl? ?iifi? mi?em Lahai-roi) ? r n Iim' ( f i ) rniêi 1
f U c u - m i t ? f m t i i m mi m u H m mc i f i c n , f i f ? n f H w cut c n n mtmt'mtm iitei f i i ? m mte
m m t U 'stitu I t f i e n 1 tite t n t f ? Cmt) H^tt # 5 t f i i f i e n n t f i f i f e n f m t m i t m?ff? iHc ? f i e n 1
i f f e n I limt i H e n , i i f i e ? i mt 1 w m t H l e i f s mt?vs ? f i e n ci, c i i m fH n t f m i m i - i f f f ? t
('wt)-n n m csmi i m i t m e i 1" t m n f i r m i m f c i - i i % m t l if?c? I m t n? t n t i c m ) f w - s m
t n t f m ('mt)-ci (fliH f g i m e n mmtm f i e n m m n w (Gera)-vfl? i f ^ i c t f i f i f f e n iem f t f m e ? m t i if?e
t i m ('mt)-ii?, i t m itms f i t | i - i f l 'mt?iei SHfi i t m e i 1 i l e i i . n t c ^ l t c i t m t m iHe itei? 1 c i i m fe? fe?
fmt H-smrnen i m m f i e i ( c i t H m m t i m ^ ^ ^ 1 fH 'flt S f H I t i c n CI, f i f i f i m f tit? i H Htm
mim f l l I t m # n - s f i n H t f n m c n c m if?e mtfim 1 f i f 1 ? ? t n t i ' Cm) m i t e n vflt f m ? m
m i l - I t i t f t vs m i - f i i t t f u i R m Sit i i i i H m e n ) m i f f fse^ i m i i iHc? 1 meic? fH "fimm-irmm (Beer
t n t i ( ' m t ) - i f l ? m i mmei m m i m f t e n H n i t ' ^ ( i i f i 4 s h c b a ) " ' 5 f i m m I citme?mtm,tminiT?tiirc^??i
T j f t e m i ^c m f i i I m r f i i i i i m r m ( R . Gen., ftft; c n I v f l t i m t 1 ? ? t n t i c m ) vflft tm?iim (m?
Tanchuma Gen., 8o)-iii cim Cim l - f m Sff fim %t-mim? ??) "^cn I t m i ? fH vflt i m - i H i f %
i e n C I , c i t c n m i i m t i m f m ('m)-ci t i t i f i e n m#t i c n CI, f i f i f e n rnm's f m iH mm ftie^r
C I , t i t e i mm? ire? f i m f t i f i m - f i f i ^ ? i ? i if?e m i f f n I t ? ? t 4 f f ifftfe S e s i m e i ci, n? tni^g-
^ 5 t e ? - ' f l t ?*f?t mf^ ?ci I m f i i m e ? - f l t ?'f?t ci, t n t i Cm)-vfl? ^ f n c?f f c i mfmfi 1 ? m 1 f m ^
(N5ft)-ifl? m I t m ? i t e ? t i m f m cm) tiici ? i ? f m - i t ? f f i m f l i n t f 5 i i mir, t f ' ( m t m ) n t m ir^î e??
m i f i i i t m m 1 cure? i m i H i-Trteii ^ ci, S u e i f i l l i m i i t m f 5 f % vs n^jf mfic? 1 fH fi??m ( m i -
mm^ m e i f i m f f 1 ? 1 m e ? fH -fliH ?i mim??tc? i r f i ) - v f l t ? f i t i i c n I fH f ? t f ? f n I t i c n n t
m?i' i f i e n ; H f meat i ? m i t e n itc mr-sm mtfii, H??>wt n? t m f i . c m ) -a m mm (m)-? iic< f u e i
"mtmi t m mte m f i i f t i m i f ? f?mft m e n 1" f n t t i m i m n i
f f i I f l t m fl?# S t m?i' i H c n 1 i e n ?ieat f f i - f l t m m i f i # t 8 ( i ) m m - i r m i i i f , i i , 1 1 8 ; ( 1 ) mi-?t??t?^,
f i c n C I , mtfti cmi? fcai? f?mft men I i t w f i i i i S i l l s ^ i l . , ^vs; (vs) rni-itlf, fiitfm-rnifnt', itmmt ivs^^
i t m e i t n t i ' cm)-'fl? ift m ^ i f i m m i t 1 ? tiiei H., 8b--v53o; ( 8 ) m i - H i i ^ , f i m f i - m H r n ' , ^. i v 5 v 5 j - i 8 o ;
m f t i m (mtm? ? t c i f??tfff) ?fim mnnf? i e n 1 mis (ft) m-i?if, iitc? I t , i l , i H i - i f e i ; (vb) tn'?-^rtft?,
m-am vs f?m? i i l f i - i f l ? ?'f?t m t - f l t s? H'ammt iH i l , b-H-b-fe; (<t) Grunbaum, Beitrage, ^. i i o - i i o ;
i t m m I i f i c w m f t i m c i - f l t mmei fimf? f i n e i ? (b-) Eisenberg, Abraham in der Legende, arab.,
w m f . t n t m Cm) fiem. 1 , ifeii % vso-vsi; (fe) Encyclop. Hebrew, f ? S t ? i ,
n? t n t i C m ) - ^ mfî f n mmei f ? n t wtm fti, ib-, Isace fiem.; ( i o ) Jewish Encyclop., fiem;
m I t i m ^ fis?tm<3 c?f? m i t ?i?i'-'fl? ? t m i H f f 1 ( i i ) m i - m ' f f , m f i , t n ; ( i i ) t n m r n , t f ? , i ?
m m i m 1 ? C I , - p f g i w i ? ??ei f ? i t m (Ripbecca)-'fl? i . , f i i ? ifevso ' 8 j . ; (ivs) 'm?f*i--s?iim? mrn-rnt^,
t n t f fiicim
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b\r8 (imi) t n t i : t n 'mif
tim1fm-w1%t', imm, mms, ii>ft f ; (is) E.l.'^ 8 1 . , ^ rtft ^>i^t<^^H-^mrt^ C
8 m i - m i mti-itf, n w i f i u l i i a f i i ,
ioS>-io I
iâ\ j U - u . j ^\)
mtfiu mrfi filfff (it. it. t.)/ . mtigi wfi f f i ^ 'WtHi n t f5ifm f ' f m f mumtm i ii
m i
^n*.!*^ ^ '^ftmfîrK(<1ji Jl -> ...1) t f f i u i e n i t f t ^ f l t n i i t i e n u f m i t n ' m i t S i - ' f i

wti-rnimlfrnmîtwifwSn mtiuft f i f f S t i mfit i I t i f m i - u i t f t n t i ' - n n w i ^
m fltn n t
' ^ f i
Itf mtwm cura wniii i ! f i I itimfiif -fltii ? tmmi' ^w-fiitifiwi lit? w u f m f ' m t5^ I t n t if?ci i
t n 'mmfim t n mf tm i m t n mm tn'i-mtm^sim m f t i m - < f l ? w i i v 3 ^ f j i f ? i m ^,ei '8im-tmt?m-<ij?
t n Hm t n "mrn t n m i t n n m t n 'mf t n ififie 'mtitSi-fi mfT-cij? u n t i e i t i f n t i i t n i
f f i
"mn t n I t f i i tn"?-?!^ i f m wnmfii - ' m t i t S i - f i uiff. U I f t .i8f>b ^t i8v!js. mil lisf

ir-sm m m i fim 'mtifrn's n w i ifiw mfi'^ flm i m t t n i t n f l c n i i^t f t i m i t f t i m ' m s i i a n
irm m irmt fif fim'm^ i fimn mti^ mim (if) n w i iei? immei t i f n t i i e n i
umtm mKif I ifiw iftm m i f s^ fmm (m) f m i f i f 8 (i) i t f i 'mf?ft-iif?T m t i - n u f , fiitf"i-
, fimif I fmr n mt flcn i irimnt 'mtfim ftmm urf u-suf?, i , ibr-is>, utUf'1-U'mtfii mfi-'Siiifi?Tt,
m w i ifimrflimi i m tm mffm-(m)-n fmn n i it?ntm, mus, ii i t iêi {o) mtnm i
i m - t
m mn (m, f m fim 'mrupn uff^ ifimti i f m m , ^8 lit. C I . >im. mtfm t n
u^fm (m) im f i i m i f i (fiti i l l mtm im) (^^) \^t(.\<^- ^ 'rl'^ (^ j i _ ^ _ c . i

ifimflen n t m e n fm'iHmflimi i t n t i i f m f m
um mffe m i l iHei i f m itfimfii m fn mit, ^ ) 8 t n tnii,m?-fiiitf mi-fuf ( f . - b s o / i i f e i ) ,
IC mf ^5wm I f f i mtm t n nHi (m)-iim um nwi f i w i fifiitsfii, f f m?i -a ?i i f ?sf?m i mm
11 i%ten nt tm fiit n f im i ifnten t iu mt ?tiifiit: ' m f (u)-? lfl itf<? n t m s mm fitii
ffi m-fI t n t n Sufii t n mt'i, "m mtfii-, 'mtafm f U u i t c . f i f e mfiu fifme? m i ien. .i .mm fim^
m m t n mtf 'miu, 'mf t n m"^ t n mmmi- nwi fut 'mfHi flcn -flit tm SuH fli fiim^m-fi i
rniitf, mf fnt f i fim feat n f l i'fit ifiuen i m i tntm' f i f c t w t i i ie?i I im wumHi wn.i
l i mten l e u ffit fien miTm i m fitfmi i itfi f i f e fim fiit HH ?f? fim it ie?i. i f i f ? ftffiu
lueimii nuem tm fiumrirm f m iHmen i u r p t m ? ^ u m n ifiu fH tntf fiiumjci I f ? ^
vsufi"f I'fit i e n c i , t m ufii (i) f m Sn mu mue^ W W 1 ie?i I.fim l U i i ifim i n s i?f??cH? mitifH
itmu fiei u I t n f t i , mf n'mt, mtf i t f i i ^ t m u f e i ? Scfsfcu-fitu Uast ie?i i i f i i e u mtfm j^,i)-n
mmt titei l i t i w i if%mtf u f ftim Seii ifiuen t m i i i n m i irf^m-fi u f % i - n m?jrfmi 'Qi-ifim
m u t n u t i mi-mtntf, m u t n u t f mf?, mi- urt? i u fiu fH:m m icn n t m i - n 'Qif^
mut, mill t n mimi, 'mrn^'i-'mtfi, fmn t n 'Sum, Dff iHl n I '^Hfen ficici fH f n t i tm i c i - m f R
Itm t n mtitu ift fiiHi' im n f i ' i'fit ifunen i ifim. turn uliitc i f ? ^ mwi ? m i i m i tfitei?
mtfi f U f -a f i f i i - i i f m i f ^ itf^' m ittmei ffi muimi i f ? f i f varuHfn U f c ? f^ itu m i i f f ? f ?
1
i>ai U i 8 ft. mtei tifnti lemt I ium ift f m Hm c n ntfitei f ? fi?m m ifiu
i f i f ? ( i ) t n fi'im, fimfi-flm, irnium
mitsSei? s ^ ntm mfi i e ? ? i mi^mf? im f?fs
(ufwitm) i^fe'^/ife'H'^, 8 1 . , i ; ( 1 ) -gnm t n timt=i s^tiei im i U e ? ? Se^ttcij fif^ msei c i ? l if?ei, -at f H
mti-fuf, mt-tff'i-mfi, îi^t?i<)iH (itfwitm) mfitf fH m i tntieiâ cm muei ififtira t ^ . i i w
i>ab-i/is>vi)i, i l , -afe-o; () tn, Itm mti-'mnimf, ien I H f fH f ? f?fien n m w flcn c i , im
mff'-tifi, itnmm (ufwitm) i^ê H., i i . , is>, nfic^se? fH ? t f ê uen ut nt mtfn im mifû
i8o; (8) 1^ Cin, miff'-miifi, tn ioha/ih'M, i i , ufim i ? i mfifm ?ra; icn i tm -flt iîtln umt?tim
(th; ((t) f i 1 i m - f i m i mrn-u-auf, rniffi-mnt' f f i ? t n nt - b f e o / i i f e i l t d t?fmei? i ? mtfm i i c ?
-auu-fii, fin m. fi., i l mi, i i , i i - j s , I'h; (b) im "si?fien men U e ^ titei um-iu i ? i Seiu c?,
-amfif m-fi firm mti-ufi, mti-tiui f mntt?- mtfm iicn ?m m m-utm i tm uwm? uf-am
Hwfi (fiiitfi-mrfi-iim ift itcufw), fif m. H., % H F U ( I t e n 'netcititf) ê 1 ^ itti ifwel m f ^ i
(J-lrls; ("H) '*ll<l'im-mil't.mt1-f^t?t<J'ff, f^t^ll ^1t>lf'l-
t m f ^m-Hmn fif^ itmrnif^frntimit n t i
mi-amf ,'Ji?iim. fi., i(j-8 i
mil mm f. utfi tnrn ficsn ii?5w?_f?;s ??#n, if? nt m i ? i efff? f f
t m f fiiem
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t i m t n t n t % wTi-"rff
I t n I Hfi n wtm^ ftcn n t n i f u m ci, tifm fiui-mtitf fil-vsufi?!- (fitiif, is i , 8: ?tf,
wsrfn ujpatc f m KW W itîifli i m f i m wu Suu', l i , iio,fe) I tit Uf^ ff? ii?:a '{imn cm
f m utf f l l I ^must, *fi1iir -a u f i f n u ^ n wu ffi oqiw?.mff?? mm m-a ^fliest rucn -iiiici? f ? f
mi'?-f? (ui? fH^) Sufie ffi n I uiei n t ftiten mf ?nm Si? i f mt icni c?n
tm sfft^fi ICU 'utmtu'i-ut-sfiu' fu?nfn mtim 'mffit (fiii?, i8i),mtntu1-ntfi#?(Aghani',
Scûuu 1 .ilt i c f ffi f l t i f i t n S u m u i f i t u n 8 f i f t i i.), mt-ltf%t? (f. mtf. I.e. ii, 223, 7),
i f i u m I 'mft u t i u n i#t tm -iiift mti-fim I -ilt fHitif^ iTW mm ie?titn mtitf?
mff i f i m f n s ?ftuci i ^mfi-Snt, -bfeo/iifei ifH? itf!ft miTtimfn U-Sn tfitei? nfs ife?
IICI m! t ? m t?fili i c n 1 -iiiH ifi-a usiR fl? 1 fif tit tfitei? mfU itftt
' s f f ? ( i ) 'wtifi-nfiT uti-mtf, f ^ U f i - f m n w ? m^fifi i f i f 1 ^ itifi it*iiH=i 1 t i m
U-sUf?, i l I t , i ? , % iis-id, UtUf'i-U'utHfi'i- mtei mT?ten it-a uifn mfiittit tm fg itmten
'Siitfiut, m n t m ifeSH f I fiit itc m u fiuei fiH fiewa tntci? i f i f n
s -il. CI. m. witf? wtf n H sftH I t m iiti ie?? 1 tnti' mtei f m mt 'mtf
^n^K* t ^ tm?nftm ^rt^-TiTvQHr^ ( ^ 3 1 ,i t n m'?t t ? H l - f t t f ^ n u H .if mt icn (fiifus,
i 8 v s , 1 1 ) , mufici S^ itcara f? m u t n 'mf tm
^ \ s t?atfi uti-U'sfi-f ( g . ) - n fg n t
f i m i t tm n e n cgi i f ^ , ifto/H-jsH m m un i t m - i f mti-'?tfi?-'ii? -iiiH m?im tflt^ mmit fien
f t n m j i n i c n n t uitm i-sft/it?^ b-ô m Uiitci (filf?^, is-s, IH) I fm ffi? Si? men cmuu Us
t?fiti icn.i ffi R i m t n 'fUn, uti-fiit^, uti- ituei (mtitf", fti, ift-b n t soi-os) 1 tntei? men
itnt', wti-wtiut n t utf 'Sunt i f i i f f ? u f n i t 3 t fn n t f m fUtH ?m n? tis-s ftf Utuei 1
f i m , . I t f i n t u t m u u m ? u u n wfi^ft fim it mti-itff? mtu ief n t mtfi itm Smtei tm
?scn I tm i f f i n f l c n f m .fit, f m fim mfi, iU Sfifi ^Ûeii
it ( u m n fiu)' Uf?ti n t "wttnt fifs ^m ( n t s n i f i # t s ( i ) f??c^ Sfifi fiiiifi; ( 1 ) mruen i m
fÛ) i.tm 1 ' ^ n n t ? f n n t f f i S^ i m n f -a Sn, mtuf,ft?.,1'bb-8v5ft; (vS) tfi Uim, i t -O-Obro;
iîm:?? ( t i f i ) ? T ? m i f i m ; f f i Gft^ffnta-af|cni ( 8 ) t n i m?uf,.'smit, IIH-VOI; (ft) ?tf, suu', iu,
f f i 'tfit mm itc mt?s i H u uti-ft'8?tf%i ? i s i n ifeH-iift; (vjs) t n ufnt?,mt \rb; ( H ) t n ifwm, f i m i -
'tfit, f i c i m n uti-"a?tf|i' ? 5 i S^#t i i t u it i c n 1 "fm, i i , -ofto-fti; (b-) fiif?^ n t mtftf-? fftias; (fe)
uti-u'n tmi it^-iii? cititi ifim. i m mmf m mfUf, mi-f-sUiiti'; ( i o ) wti-itf, mtuf; ( i i ) tn-
i c n n t f m i 'Situm m i t u cn (f. wti-itf, wtuf\ ftm, fmtfii n t 'Sfi;. ( i ^ ) wti-??fii; ( i - s )
vsi.,feo)I t??ttti t i f i - m f (f.)-'ii? n u n ? mfitf Ufltf'?-?tl?; ( i 8 ) G. H. F a r m e r - n ?nt?f; ( i f t ) E.
mtî1i?5t?tfcn ift Hwtcn mfc? if mf^^ci? fiue?? Neubauer, Musiker am Hof der frlihen
cwm t n t i ^tui mm n w i cm n ^ t i t f ? ffiit i i ? EAbbasideri, Frankfurt am Maia 1965, 187-89,
?5c?? limttmif ffcif??mff,-icn:i.itf?if?m n H f4 i f tfiltn; ( i ' ^ ) Brockelma;nn, S. I. 273;
if^-a ffi w f ^ i mfUi i i i ? i c n u m tuftf ^ f i n ( i H ) Sezgin. GAS. I, 371.
ff? tm fiew? i f i m mfn? i e n 1 m i t i c i m f tm J. w. Fook (E.i.^)/cug i f i n tnrn
imt m f fimtci? 1 mt*ifii i f i e n ff?- meitnt i e n 1 t ^ t^întfm 'rM--tr% ( ^ ji. ,i
f f i n w ? S^ fifw ? J H 5 f l c n n t ? n n ? ?#e? n Jl I I) s mi-itmitf mi-uff -si/fei ie?5?
men ? t f n i e i i t u ute? 1 ffi t?tm#? t n ' i - >iiiw? f i f l i i w f i i n t I t i t f m i t e n cusftf? m i i
' m t f e ^ u n t i l ^ i m i c n 1 t m u e n i ^ i f -a f f t t (Siui) mtf u'f 1, itn mtl, t??tfi i.ffimen
if^cn ne^ fifi 1 tffe?t f m fit t n wtfi' n t mf? <^fitfii i n i t i , ?un citfmm itfi i u -itfim
f i t ? i t n utfii-'mt-aum if^ neai fifiu it?fm-ufen SieUim iwte3? ?tsf?f tiitm i m mtf. iss/vav
wu iooftiftn?i%tflcn (f. Agh^., i, 4-5) I intle mtei wim? i e n i m ^ fim itim Sefeu fH fii?
wti-vsuflei-? wtnugêi t n t i ' n ift ife? liiift m i e n n t m f t f m n ?mm i c n i fi?îitei m m
f n i t ^ ? i i t i i c n , mte f? i t m c n Sisisfi n t i mum films f l c n m i u n t n ^mtu i t m f i t m
Uen n t f i m e n i f i ^ mttu m^ci wfii?-Sfs t ? f l - i t m mti-it?uf? f i i litcs? fifiw mi-wtH'Si-
uen iff if^nfi 1 ? 1 (Aghani^, i. 8 ff.) I titt itcei m m i f f t 1 ^ m?i itn-iq? f n t w u n ic?i -i^t f m
t m f fiiem?
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t m i - t n t n t % wn-itisttf b- t m i - t n tnttt? wFr-insnf
f a t HH -flt i l H Hsff i H i m I m i i m - n H i t I .-mm S^stifm I U ^^cs ufi-?Tt t?^'i-'euf?,

*rmi w t f fTtmi wM-^5wtf m f m sm? t m fmrt? f m m t n m'?t mt? f i f -a m u t n mtm? ifl?t
m i t n t i Hien n H wi3m i-'t?1? itHf^ I t n iHcn I nuiHicn I C U wnm t n itui, t n t i t n u ? f ? ,
HH WftiHi l t d m i f m'Uim? n w i HHt i F t f i n t qwym t n I t f i ' m'?t t n tm fii^t ^c irfi
S f f l - H i - i (5.) m a i H t i w 'WtHi H m i m ^ ?'fu ifiuen I fH flci? ntf? c$b fiifen ^- it#ti 1
^tuHen I S f f "1-I111 nm im w f n w m i ^ mtf? 'mfiiii Sme^ f m iitu ifiuen 1 t m wtim
Sff"i-ftf I t n , sfiH I I f l t i f H iftmi*m f i f i i fit?^ t n mti (?) um?, t m m tuci f m rnifu cm uf^^
11 itfsiiit? f u f i i ^ w m H mHitf^ iltitei I u t I tiitu-n fa fitm f m ??ue? 'mtwen wu m
oi^ft/feoi m i fH fiici t i f n t i i c n n t -fltitcit f m ific? f%H ?fiuf|cn, cmm wu f ? fim -mn wt^-sttu
mfium I ??t -mfii iiwn I f m 1 ^^tf nj^ f H cific utc?
i f f f f 8 (i) itm "wtagl-iifi?, wiw-wt-aufn^'i-fHut u I t m t n m i l (?) tm ntu i m i H -fl mes?
f-mtitfî-ititfiiit, m m m io H, fiut; (ô 'wtmt flcn c?, m m ifct C I I t n mêuii ?fiei fH ?fie?,
'Wta^l-lffil I t n t f t , Wli-1tUt5'i-UftUt, n u u i o i 8 lit?!? ?fi'8 u, t n t i t n tntfm wti-ii?wtf n 1 ^ t m
H, 8 - 8 8 ; () m i ' W t l i m fT^tlt Wli-UUft, Wtl- t n mim um?, -iH f f m ^-sft mw f f i ufic? c?
it^H-ffti f îmtHl-Sffi^^, iticu is>8i f, i l , ticn wu ^stitci wiiit tnteim iiuig ^^c it i
ill I wtim t n u*^ t m ift cui ucn, t n "Sum
8 lfl. C I . *sn., wit^<5 wtf itnui tm fimw ufic i t I t u ^sfiu -îim t n
t^^^^rt%rm-^Hfl^ ^, ,,.r m u ?ticii, c m mm ?ei, itm U l f f f i uficiva
wfimti m'mtm mite?? wu ffia tntei?.mtu itei
.-.jil >.ji) 8 wt-iftff, S i u i wtû'f-1, t n
uu ê? I t n fum mm icn,mH tfm5-'iH'%n
m<3mi (f.) U C I mfii ififs n m iui f i t f ^ i - -a
f 1? 'wifi? itci mm ^tei mH'îus im cs^
inH I f t w f t ii u s t ^ i I t c i fH -m; i t ^ t u m
ifiu.itc? I fwm t n Itm? um? % ?H frntci? cm
i f i t c i t a i I f f lfti-'fl m m i i c n i i t i t f i i t l i i t i i 8 t i m dH tmei'? f??ii mcitm mn -mm titci ?ff? ?Tfitc?
t n tntfi t n I t i m t n tnttti t n ' w t # m t n lemif? (^xll ^ - >) IC?ifia 1 u t ? t f ? f a u n
I t n t n 'SunHm t n i t f i i t n 'miH'i-ûfii: t n ?ei?, WtH ffc^ tfitei? n f i r cm 'wtfii cifi i t 1
'wtifim t n 'mtfût t n w t t n ufi t n m i t n m u ?ci?, fme? tfm? ^ H iH flinH fii firm
ifti t n wft t n 'mtn t n mwnt 1 f m fit tnttti- t n mtm m m f ? fiit, wt? wuft tmrnu-ifl? fiit 1 tfin-
ig? SiiH fll-m^^jmi t iflt fntei ftfci t i m t n m ^ m i t n uîtii T[iit fitf^, -a fwmft? Hcni t m
m n I wtfi 'wtnm. t n îHf n u fuci >it i i c i * wtim t n Itm (?)-n fiit f m mmeiHf^tu i u
fw-satii ifiuflcii, wtiuci t n m^smi m n c n ? itci fH um, fH fintien t m 1 wtm itci itfit,
t m w t u H ? wm iflt m m wtiH i i m icn H ?Sm i m f -a tfiti' f?w?t t m I fH wi?^ um?, t w i
fH ifiuflcii, cm wtfi! wtm Htt U f i c uuitci (?)-'fl? n f u C I ^te ite? ? f m fiitt um'wtm Hf^tu
wtm fimif nm m i ? ifiuficn 1 i d wtm fim w t i i IU Sfs I wmra um'wfm cmjg im i?Ui^ ^ 1 wen
icn I iflt mici i f i i c f f ? cm f m m fiufli u^^suî 1cm f m m fnHeim iHuro m f i -a fwmfium?
u m m m i ^ 1 mm fim tm miuficî u, m m wiH mfim? Sell ifnten 1 fimi-n ififci tifmi
wiim iH u I itinti ^ct t f m - sicn wcnm utf (fieu?f<)umwtmm53teiim?mc?QSefi Utuei 1
ituflen I ifl^fcsfcij fH t m , f?tm, HiHu, Hwm ^ mtmi im'a t m wiiuen m-a imic 11^ if?i^
u m i f H c i i i l l ien 1 f 1? i m fitl^tiici? f i i ^ t 1? I ft Itfi- f l l Sen twfmcn Sn 1 t m itfit
ites f%H I t f ? mîfdyicn I f f m t n "Smu, tm'*f*i
(?)-? mft fH T i t m fUwtm (fimri) H<3 ituflen 1
t n 'Situt, wtf?, f i f ? tn'i-Hii'i'n'ti, ttfi t n ^ m , i l l fusei? fin fii % i m mtff ri cusu t?? H u ?
f m m t n ufi' mi-'wt?f, f m m t n ftmm, t n tfitm titei wt?? nt t m itfit (?) t?? ie? iHc? 1
t ^ f m , 'wtifm tifi-fitui, 'wt?f?-?tfni, wti- t m wtim (?) 'flt iwfiei Siff flcn 1 f^f? f i i
mtu?f, tm? t n ? t % , t u t n "?s^> mf f'wiHu, itift tufli fs mf? F i mmci 1 t m itfit ( ? ) - i f l ? ie
euf' t?=['i-wi?m, -smm n^-m f m mitfn Scgicitu tit uuit (tanning w m ititni) mt ifig n, imm?
s ^ I f m mmtut wifi 1 t m f U f , t m f i f i m , t m
tiitci? ie ifias 1? U 1 Sc?? i f i f i i - f - n fime?
mt^, t m mf u ^ , t m f?fift (?) f m iut mtiHiiei?
t m f fiiem
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Contents
t n tm%5f wM-iRsftf btrH
Sell I fiihffisi mmitm wnm'?cn, 'itfit? cmirm ?mei w?i flm i fif mim ' i ? ^ ^ c?t if?s?
fm? tniei'? u? wfimn "*tf%mif fll, m m W I iftm mm mfmt frnnm! -Aim tm? mtim (?) fm
lilt fisei f f ? fisfff itmfflen i Sciu c?, t m mtim^ f i i t VfliH Itfi fw^tmt if?e? fH t m S ^ fitn i n
<iit cwm timeim mft kwn^ cmi i%tf|cn i v s ^ ?JH5 ?HmSf^ ! wm ^smf' t n ' ^ - ^ f ^ m mim
m f i flf t m tfitei? lenf mffien Hn i liit Hif ?H?ten I tit Hm t m mim (?) mj^ i t ^ên 1
?nei tfm? f m mm wi-sfifrt "îtf^tien ic^ fm fH ?fien, -gi f i i mf m'f? 'mfmm-flif? Hm-
ilt?fei I itfi fmei nfei? ?tmfi?fw ftm? mirrf? Itf^-1 fH "?H cm I t f i ?'f?t ic?i e? W^m mit i i ?
ifnten 1 f m m?tif^ fll mmtmi VQ Hm?i? I t n ft??m,im sfs 1 ifltiime? t m mm-?tmf, mf itH?, '?tmt,
m'l? mtm-?tiitf t n 'mimtfi? fiten itifci tit iff? mt?-mi?ff, t n H ? m -Q mtifn m i ? -^fîtHi VQ
Seii ifnten i f m??t t n mtt? '5?imten I'litw (itfei? f l t f ^ - f m ^ i i t i f iH?ten i itf^ fimi-vfl? fimm
Itfwi?) ft?te? tfims' t n ?ti^?t?i, t m ?tHf fitf? fH ? i i f in? ifimen i mm t m mfimtit f?f<3 ^
m Segi ifntcn i m f m ? t mti-itmtf ?en, mtf? tfitei'? fi?tei I fifi f??e? tm f i f i i f Hmfm-fm fi*?-fi?n-
lie i n fim c?fi ?it I ff? f ? 'sjf itc itf^- ?'f?t vfl? m ifvsf m I mif? fimm fH fiff'-tif? ?nf
'fic? I ff? flcn iii?sin ? i t i ijf?? i ff? mis, ?en, ifimen I tm m^tfi^ ifiw i f it? mm-fnm I Itfiit!^
mtf? cm?fn cm itfi f i f i ? ? ; ifim m; ? n t cm i t f i Si? Hfi vflt ifitH i? iea m i 'mtmm f f f ?
jg?? if??tf|'s.imt,'tit f t f ifnt ciliitfl i cm '^^tfmeim i f t w f i f i itsfifi wrf% mtnfe mt?fms mei 1 tm
f?i5 vitft Itfi' fifmm Hmtm ?# m , vflt ?f??t fH ?m?-?ff? ?em f?we?? m? ifvQm m i fm iten s
firmm i f i n , tite H cmm?t mt^ cm? ?>? ? mi^cit S ^ mt!i;*?-iim 'mtf, fitm mf'? i i ? ? f m m fH fatmten
fn. If 1 fH ?fmen, cm itfi f??tmai mtm f i f itm ifiw i n m-vfl ? ? m ifie? i i ? ? f ite? fH fitfc?
m I mm? m^ itm i t f i 'mfm cmei? mtmm mfie ftf fim i l ? ifimflen i ' f m fft mH? mmei msc?
itci I c? cm ??? mtH ?Hm fie itH c?, Sm fimen cm? ?fimei 1 ifiw ?'1?tfme? fH fiwf i v a b - mre? i s m i(?
m ? m mei ? mt^?i^ tftei? ?=i?f wfrtft fH n nw it'm cmw ?Hm t?fitm ien i me?ei ftwf I H mtmvs
Itfi' ?mei mm? % vflt^H mtm cstci? ifci, liint ^mtc Sei? ifimen I
itH I liiim f f i ? i ?i3 Itfi I f l i mite f t f ?fim fi?tcn i f i f f 8 ( i ) t ? g * ? - w t v Q f , Hitfm-miivam,immm
m ifltaH Siff mrfm^f fiHm mtmen I msi?fH fim (iffi^mj) ivab-tr/ife'tob-, 8 1 , h(t-b; ( 1 ) t n nwt? mt?-
itc Sm i t i ifnt "smten i cm ci? -fliH ?< iitfii 'mr?îmff, iif3;'-fif?, it??mm (?tfimtj) i v a i j H., .
i ^ f i i 1? m 1 ifl?5fi? mt^ Iff? fm m??if^ ?mei mt^ i l , l i v b - l i S . ; ( v a ) i^ C?i1, miff'-mif?, t??i i v a s x ? /
f?'m fii5 mteitiif if?e? fH ?mj ien, f m "ms _ ifeift, ii, (t8; (8) vsmfifPT-lfi f n m mi?-itf?, mr?-
Itfen cm itfiw ^ i t n i? m i mti-m t n mtmmt, mt^ timti f mtm't'?-f?wt? (fimmf*?-mt?tfi-vfl? mft
iffen fii5 ?Hmf|cn, tfiti- fm ' f H ite m i f ? mtemfw), fift, m. H., <twi; (a) t n ' ? - ? f ^ mm-mimf,
c?iitm itei? I t i t fim mt| iff? ?f?e??, tit cm mm<3 m f i mim, immm (mf^mm) ivs.br/isHbr, -bi, va8 i-tr;
fim? n m I cim itfei? ft it^ -a m??-ifl? f i m (b) t n 'mtmHm, m f i fimtfi-, t m iohh/ iîfe, i i ,
'tffen tm ?n mf??5? if^ i 't?tmfc?? mtf?'mt^^m 8 o s . - i o ; ( H ) t?fm-tm mi?-fimi#t, itmmf m--?tm,
VQ
t n tfi? vinfnf fm fi?^ viimt m?mtm fwmrt if?e? t??i ivafefe/ifeHfe, 1 1 , b-fe; ( b - ) t n u t f ? , mt?-fi?tm vQmm-
fH tm? S ^ fim ?fmen, t m t mtif'm-f-^K fiitm, t??i, m. H., i o i , o>,% (s.) t n mf?-f?mif,
vam'i-wtm'mte? mfm i e? mt^ imtf (?) tm imT5'i-iiHt?Jf, t??i m.H., ii, i v s v a ; ( i o ) m?-?tif,
^ m n i vflt ?jtite? f ^ cm? ien i t??tf? t n mt| fmf*?-t'fm, itnmm (itfiim!), m. H., ii, vh; (ii)
mtfii" ?wHe? Siff f|cn i fH ?fien, mtfi*?-flif?! wtmf"i-fi m ? - f f f , mi?-tii?, f i i ? ivsio/ifefti, 1 1 ,
t ? i t i - f? ?i fimcn I mt|itfm (?)-vfl? m t m Hif
ifeo; ( i l ) 'm?f'?-mm mf?-f?tmifff, fiifnr8
?ei I tit fim tfiti ?fien, f m m mtm ?mite? fiitH*?-mtiv3mf, t??i m. H., % iâ; (i-s) t n itfim,
m?i mtei i mfi fit?H mSi i mtei mtei fim? mm i t ? -ammtf *?-m'm, ii, ii-s i
vfl? t n tli? t m itm Sfitc mtfien i tfiti' ?fien,
mft mm f. mttf? t ? m
mtfi*?-ffif?! i f l i t ? i f t e ?n lat cif? i cm cn c?,
^n4,i<p- ^ iKtiii ( ^ i _ ^ ^ j L ^ i ) 8 t n ^ t m
mf mfm (?)-'4? m n^smt m ' m tfiti ^-fit iHmm i mi-^m?f wm-fitf .mi-m?i wn-mtfipi rni-mrffr^p,
mtf? R-Mic?? -m '?f?en, m?m f i itct mim fi?5f
s>?/i(?i iei? Smrciei? ifl?sw? ffiH^ mn fgm i fH
t m f fiiem
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Contents
bb-b-
fTOH t J l T O t f t W f t A tmt W t f l f ' A - f A f f l A A t A A 'Wtft ftfttttaftt I f ^ ( f t T O ) w t j ' f - f t f f t I f s f f t cffffet

W t f - ^ f 1 1 % f f h t W * t ^ A t n t A I ftff f s ( g t ) t t e t WtAt ttl l i l f f T O Stetft^lt atwteat f a t f f ^ i ^ f f A t f f f aftft t ^
f j f f TOt l i l t t r c t t f t f f - t t M A t I f k t t f f Wtt-tttt f t t t t f t ^ - ' i l t W f t t t f I f t t t t t T O i - T O attrt rfftftt,
f t t f ' t - f t t f A ' T T O t t t W t A T O W t f - f f t t f W t f - f t t f t t 1tf& f f f A t t t f t t littt t f f " f - f t f t e t t t r o t t t t w t f t t t ^ f A t r o
t t f f w t ^ i S l f t c ^ A ptwt ft f e t t TOt f t f t f tAtt tft fAWt wtf-ttfff (f. oooA88)-t f f f t ffft tffA
f t t e f wtrotit f e t t i viViSofe f t e f f t A t t t t f f ^ -^RiPtett t t ^ IS ' t f f f - f f f t t (fffttttt) wtTtt f e t t f ttft-iiit
t t e t t s i ^ f f i t f t A l A t t f t ttt f e t t TOt t f w t T O ftet f t f t c t t f ttttetrt f t f & tfiisff (fft^) t f s WtTtt f e t t I
wtîttettt f e t t I t A Cftf ftAtt tttst t f t wttnftf M t iittet f f f ^ WtTtt ^ f t t r o f e f t t t t f f f t f A t f
ft f e t t 1 f t A t t titrottt tttttt 'Q f f t t t e t t t e t i t t e A i ^ A t f ? v t f f t , fff'A, f f f t t ^ t f t 9 f f ttea w f t r o t wtett
f e t f w t t t e t f s t e t f c f t e t t t i s wtt-tttt ' w t t f " f - f t f t , w t t - w f t f t f A t lilAtfttTffSt '^Wtett t # t t t WtT fR W t t C t t
tttt ' W t t f ' t - t t f t t f , wtt-tttt ' w t t f ' f - ' w t f t , wtt-tttt ^ f f t fttewt f f f t " w t f - A t f t ^ t f - f t t t t f t f " (fltltfl't-Ht
' w t t f " f - t t f t a t f t I f t A t t t f e t J t e t 'Q cartTO f l A l T O f t atwfTO) l i t f tfftet f t f t f t f t f ^ f l e f t I
t j t r o i t t t f w t e f e g tftt At i t t t t tfAtf" f f f f f ftTOftero f t f t tet wftfS fleft I
tttt t f A t f f l A l t l t f e t f f w t f w t t t A t t f e f t t t # t t ctt t t e t At?Tt fttet. f f f t f t f t t e t tftft c t t i f t t ' w t f

^sifftlft f e t t I bbo/isao: f t e f t t f f f t f f t t e f t At C f f t r o atwf, tlfttfM, t A t ^ f t 3 t 'S w t t l f f t r t A f e t t f t f a f t t f t
t t A t T O f e t t t t f t f t t At I f t A t t wtl t ^ b-t ftwft c t t ffttlCAt I fttf"w-^ft ^ w t i t t i f t t f fitf Ate w t t

ttef I A ^ t t TO c t , t t t t t f A t f ' w t f t t f f t f t t t t T ^ ^ t t t t tf,
ffitft#t S ( i ) t t f f ' W t t f ' f - A t f t J W t f - A l f t f , f t A t f " f - t e t t f e t t I litfft f ^ f t f t f f - f f f f t f - W f f T O i i i t - f ^ i t e f
ttflttfft, ot, % Air, ttftt'Wtf ttwfff, tt'tttf'f- t r o Wt^ A t f t t ( t ) tfb w t f - f f f f f - W t f T O ' f e ^ t f f a f t t
tfWtftff "f-fAttlftt, AtttttTO, f t f i S s f t i I t t j t f t f t t t t f t t f t f A t I f ^ f t t fife^ TO ' w t f t t t f f - t r o ,
S iC. C f . TO. W t t f t W t f l i t 'tei f s t tttt w f w t t ( t ) - i i r t t t t A t f i j f t t f t A-ftt
^3=t^ tiff (5. W t f ' W t f t W t t - t t t t t f ) Cttt AttteA I wtf-fttttff-wfwtt t t t f f t r o W t T litfft
t f ^ ' ^ : f f "^^rfw ( j i j_o J l -> , i ) s mm fff t f f t f e t t f t f Ate iA<?o ft. f e t atftft At I ,.

t r o w t f - t t f f f t tittttt ttftttepft t e t r t t t t ttft
fSfftff ftft f f l t a t t t t t t t f e t t t t w f f t e f wtttetMtt
tfAtf fêft WtTtt. t t T lilffttSf WtAf'f-f^TA
cwetet t f t t f f f t e t i f t A t t f t A f f t e f t f t t t t t t witt
iSttf-WtfWt, fACttteA tttt w t f A t f t t (t)-'ilt f M A .
TO I f f f t fpfftft t T t f t f f t e t TOt lilt it t e t t f t t a j f ^
' w t f t ' t t f t t f t A t t f ^ ffj?teA a f f f t f t tttt w t f -
t M f t t t t e t I f l A l t atTO'tet^TOfftt l a t f e t - t f f f t e t
t t f f f , f t r o t t t f t t f i ^ W f f t f t I et t T T t f f t f f t t f t
" f t f fSfftft t ^ " , ttAt ffft tfeVioii>o f e t f t t f e t t I
w t f ^ fett tro t t f ii!tt3ef f ^ f t e t t f c f t t tttf.
tAtt aftt wtet ffft tAtt ftw c t e t t f t f t ^ ctw f i f t e ^
f t t anttti f t s ffte tret t t I f t f tfAtf io fAltttt,
wteft^tt f e t t ( t A f e t t a t f f f t t f f f TO i t f t ^ ' ^ i t t f TOt
o8o/fe(i-i t f T O 0 8 V'S'fto f t e f t t f f f t f f e t t i
f f t f TO^ f t t t e t t ) TOt c t e t f t f f ^ c t f e t t w t r t r t f t f j j
f f tilt 8 ( i ) ' W f t f f - f t f t Wtf-ftt'Wtf, ffotjf-
t f f t t t f e t t I tett f^ftt w t e t c t t t f f C A t ftftft t f t t TO
WffTO, w t f - A t ^ ffetlTO; (A) A f ^ t f f t t , f t t f " W - ^ ,
f e t t i-'f^ft f t c ^ ftf^ ' t f t t t e t tf^ffff W f f t e t ftttTO
f^. t s i i f iSi>8o % ; ^ i i f t t , ;îAb-t; ( o ) 'wtststtwfft-Atfttt
t f t t t e ? I a f f t ttt f t w t e t t f f f fttt'Q S f f f f I f t t t tAte
f A l A t t ' W f t f f - A f f t T w t f - f t f t t f t , . w t f - f f ' S t t t f f - t I f t t JI,
Af, A T t f t tTOtt ^ - f f e t t w e t f attfft t t f f t r tT^tt TO I
W t f - f f W t t f caff, i t ft, i O A 8 ft., f . 8 8 ; ( 8 ) 8 lil. C f . TO.
f f t # t s ( i ) Bursal! Mehmed Tahir, 'othmanli
Witft Wtf, 'Wtftttff-tfftt 'Stff-tft Wtf-tffftf,
mu'ellifleri, iii, 203; ( A ) A . Adnan-Adivar, Osmanli
tfftfff fffeMt f t f t e t t . i t f t, ifeiro f , T t f t f . iob,
Turklerinde ilim, Istanbul 1943 67; ( o ) O. Spies,
Sb^, Sb-a I ,
Das Turkische Drogen-und Medlzinbuch des
S lij.Cf. TO. W i t f t W t f
Ishaq b. Murad, in Studia orientalia in menioriam
Caroli Brockelmann, Halie 1968, 185-92. ^ T f ^ - ^ T g f r ? R t f (, .1) 8 w t f -
' 1^ ij*-
O. Spies (E.I.^)/ctts t f t f f t f f t t t t f ' ^ W t ^ f ' ^ , ( w t f . A8o/b-ft<J~Wtf. 080/feftft) f b f t t f f ,
I ft - > n .OtAt fSfftf f f t t f Cf t f l i l t t . f f M , wtl f f f C t I aftt tttt ttft

t t c f fTttf^sttt, t t e t t t t f f t 5 ^ wtf-ttAf f f ^ ttw-
t f t t M t f t t t t t f t t f t tttf Wtf-Arfff-ftTOfff,
ttttet fbf^tff ttfff A t I tro f t e t f f t t t f f c i t tetr fro
8 f / i o t t e f t f f f f t w t e t l i l f W t A l t t ^ t t f ^ G
tfftf tftettt
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Contents
b\rh
fini %i im 1]I? f n f f l n t<<a3|R<f u l i t u f l 1^ s^-flî io^J^ C>i J L ^ O stn t n t i

1im n t m H wu f t ? (Se'adya CT'Wifun) W H - U f f l ? uH-tuft, tU? fit utfUf? R i m t n t m i ' (g.)-'ir?
ftfi 1 3 3 1 ? % i t v s f f ? I iim fsf%f H m 5iMHf um stffH f ? ^ vs ffcn i U f m ^ i t n nt f i , fift?,
mf?&tt? f i Wl&lt? (Constantine the African) 11 *mf?ft m?ft fu? fifi flcn 1 fi^ itui ifim c?n
m f t i mni ^ f i n (iob-n) n t i*ijf? iii s^ mm tijm-uff? iflit t?^m-uu? f?m? ift um? c?, tu?
f ?m (Omnia opera ysaac, lyons 1575-15 i 'm?ft mftift fu? fim mcim S^? fli 1 nuifii
iir? f f i f n m f i f n I t f f%if1 - i f T vsTitm-ifi w u t u iH uf%m um fH ifim ?nm ^^ffiu ic? 1 fH
iTift?iff fi^'SRw? I t u wifst? f l l , imu -flt i f c i tU? fim? fMim C i U ii? icn 1 tu? fim fm? f
Wfmi? ?tU wlHt Ut?l (uu. J. T. Muckle tn Archives utcitnfi^mtui tfti?mnt?fUtiSn'fit?i 1 ifluc?
dEhistoire doctrinale et litteraire du moyen age, Sesu c?, it ^^<il'iifst,fll fift? fU?, 'mgftcn 1 imtn
xii-xiii, Paris 1937-38) i 1 U f % I U ^ C i m ? >flt tntci? ICU iti-icapfti f H imff? n H i c u n n
itij? ift iif?lt? ififs flci? I tu? ft^ IU? mf frmutn H-sUfm-Hiu i t f iffmfi i u ^ûti [g.
U?fi 1? (g. A. Altmann, in JSS, ii, 1957, 232 n . c U C W i U l - i f l ? Orientalia. n. S. X. (ii8i f ) vofeft] 1
ff.) 1 1U? f?51fl-WlUft? i t f ? c?s?11lai fg f^ U t ? t n t i ifmcn ???fc? f ^ m ftmit? UfH ?>f?utn; mi-
U o i l t ? U U U ? , U U A. BorisovSm? UC?? n t S. M. ?t?u^ t i t c i m t i - f 5 t f (g.)-ifl? V3tia!?st n n -s cw]!f?if3
StemUUlU UC?? (Journal of Jewish Studies, vii, f i ? n Sit?tt ifl?t f i f f f i n i c i v s Scii liiutn 1 iff
1956, 13-29) 1 iu? n t c i m ?ifn v s ; ^ ^ i f fui?['i- m i - i t f i i t n 'SuiH'm-'fl? mf^ m^s?m mmi ufit?
S i f f f 1-T, uu? liimt u t l t i wfU? (contained in ifl?ttu? ift camtn f g ifim? f i f i n ific? (f. c.
Omnia opera Ysaac) n t ^ fts' m?1? U=11? ultl s Elgood, A medical History of parsia, cilHw ifefti
n f t Abraham Ibn H a s d a y ? 5 f ^ , U i t . S. Fried 1900 >{., iift) 1 imut m f ^ ^ U UiU? uft' i miU 1 .
n t uuft cucwi t f f f?a? (?) uu u?fi i nft-s f ^ ib-j/?cn jio Htu wtfrtft Jii mfti tifnti icn 1 t n
i l ^ f i f i t i t ? f % n f t ot?lt? (Sha'yar hayesodoth) ufiim iJj H. I H Ses? iHucn I
fffq s^1tÛ?]I1?' (Chapter on the Elements)-ci U f i n Hut? tnti' fMinffi??? mft n imif^
A. Altmarm, Gershom G. Scholem-iif? i U f f Ufitt?
fltn I ffi irttitn (g. wffft) fu?? mt iu? fim?
u f l - t i U t f ? m c ? ? 5 f t i f Hue? ciUtUci? (Journal of n?ff citcam nuen fiit mfu fiufltn nt fitw mutn
Jewish Studies, vii, 1956, 31-57) I
I t u mt3i fift? ??H 'mi?ffc ufu? ifiuficn, c?n
U|ff ?u cttttfuc?? w n u i i - t i u t f , uti-Hf? uu s (De. Patibus artis medicativae) C? UfUlH l U n
n t n H wti.ujtf?t%ft%t ?u cttttiuf S n uu niitt? fU? fsj? WU miu ufiu u?.Sut fH nt^ ien (f.
iffi lt?fflcn, u u Altmann "ft f ? -55;^ 1t3Ft^ M. Lyons Corpus Medicomm, Graccorm Suppl,
u?It?" (Chapter on the Elements)-'^ Uffim? UCn Orient. II, Ufi? ife-bJ* f , % v i . ) 1 fH iflfSc^ttw? ?i
n t Stem UU v f l t l i i f c?n Theology of Aristotle mm ufu? ifiu utH it ien (f. m. t. citri,
(?Hcii i i mf?f)-'fl? n ^m3?Tcn n t t n if?w?" Aristoteles arabus, Leiden 1968) 1 lUtU UiHei?
Prince and Ascetic-'fl wsHfts utci U i U lfS5 ic?? ICU fH c?tetr (g. muff?), ? i i cue^ (g. fifim', ix,
(g. Oriens, xiii-xiv, 1961, 58-120) 1 y&ob {., 'bHH),Ufii1-<fl? fiemifm (De Plantis, cf. B.
i f i f t t ( i ) Sic? f f f??c^ Sfifi i f t ? f mt, ( 1 ) Hemmerdinger, in philolgus cxi. 1967, 58),
J. Guttmann, Die philosophischen Lehren des <flt^tf?fiUm-ifl? mfiuf mienwtu? (g. mti-tntmm m t i -
Isaak b. Salomon Israeli, Munster 1911, ( ) A. mfi?iff), porphyry (g. imffiff), ciHif?tm, iflfiituf
Altmann and S. IVI. Stern, Isaac Israeli, a C?eifiUl (g. p. Sbath, BlbUotheque de manuscrlts
Neoplatonic philosopher of the early tenth Paul Sbath, lf?eU ifeib- f, it i o i o ) ntproclus (g.
century, Oxford 1958, (8) reviewed by M. f F i f i ) - i f l ? mft mtf?ft flcn 1 fiH fH mtiits
Plessner, in Kiryat Sefer, xxxv (I960), 457 ff., cwjtf?ite3? ?i ifufii i f i ufU? ien, c?n tS%e?
(ft) J. D. Latham, Isaac Israili's Kitab al- fsifH (f. G. P. Matvievskaya, U enie o cisle na
Hummayat and the Latin and Castilan Texts, in srednevekovom bliznem i srednem vostoke, 11im
JSS. xiv (1969). 80-95. ife-bH f.; f. i o o i . ) I Autolycus of pitanec.
A. Altmarm (E .I.^)/cUs i f i n t n H Archimedes, Theodosius of Bithyania, Menelaus
tntf fiieim
t.H.ft/b^'^
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Contents
hho
of Alexandia(f. Max Krause, in Abh. G. W. Gott., Brockelmann., 1. 277, S. I. O'hh, h(fb, S III, i 1 o
Phil, hist, KI., Dritte Folge, no. 17, 1936, 21,23) i . ; ( i b - ) G. 6raf. Geschichte der christlichen
m tiifsr (g. m u f s T f i ) I l i t i s t n f f ^ s (5.) 'flt n^ arabischen Literatur, il. Vatican City 1947 (Studi
w f m m I t m i f i ? f f s f f t i n m t t i t n I t n ( f . M. e testi 133), 129 i . ( i f e ) Khalil Georr, Les
Bouyges, in Melanges deL universite Saint- categories d' Aristole dans leurs versions
Joseph, ix, 1923-4, 77-81) I l i t i s i f i f i m H i t syroarabes, Belrutife8b- ( l o ) Roger Paret. Notes
c i f i s csmfîw t i m -fli&t t f i ? m t r n v g R ^ J H H mtti ( g . bibliographiques sur quelques travaux recents
F. J. Carmody, The astronomical works of Thabit consacres aux premieres traductions arabes
b. Qurra, Berkeley, Los Angeles 1960, 20, 45f. d'oeuvres grecques, in Byzantion, xxix-xxx
229) i (1959-60), 387-446; ( l i ) R. walzer, Greek into
tmift?m Hsr? ? n t i i t m s fSJi'smtfiiJt v&??fim Arabic Oxford 1962;(11) W. Kutsch, khalil al-
tntm? Sic? f l l I ifeo/feovo m n ffi mtm-nfn-'fl? mfntt? Djurr (Georr), Al-Makala Al-Eula min Kitab al-
f i m tft'?-mf'??f' ? n t . i t n ('fli. t ? t t m i f i mmtfi, samaE al-TablEili Aristutalis, in Melanges de
in Oriens, vii. 1954, 55-80;f. JAOS. Ixxxi, 1961, I'Universite Saint-Joseph, xxxix (1964), 266
lof.) I mtmtnmmit iît?tft mf? ?t?? t f i i t t n ?fi 312.
mmifi? f^'mtmtw? fgm m?t^ i f ?nt? i ? ? imm i G. Strohmaier (E.I.^)/CTtltm? I^sm? m t f
i f i f t s ( i ) Hunain Ibn Ishaq uber die t?f^1?^ '^TI'Ffit (<_SJJLJI J L ^ ^ I <^t^) s i t m , f ? n
syrischen und arabischen Galen-Ubersetzungen. 1? ?t^fn? ?twfitt?? n w ? 'Si'mft i f i i f n i r i t i f i
?mt. G. Bergstra.Ber, Leipzig i f e l f t (1) Abh. K. ff? i H H 8 m n mfim (Yanya) it?ci? m^si m t f ? w i j i i ?
M. J c v i i / 2 . f . Abh. K. M. xix/2; ( ) Fihrist ( H # ) ; I t n I iim f i m n m ? ? t | f f i c n fif? i n t i m n f m
(8) Ibn Djuldjul, Tabakat al-AUbba wal-Hukama, i l ? It?? I Faik Resit Unat f i t ? I t n i t i?m Bashoca
?mt. F. Sayyi, Cairo i f e f t f t ^h; (ft) Ali b. Zayd Ishak Efiendi (Bell., xxviii, 1964, 89-lI5)-'fl
al-Bayhaki, Tatimma siwan al-hikma, mit. M. n i t t m t n n , mm t n t i ' -fltifm n t vs? t i f t i ? f i ? f g
Shaft, Lahore 1935, i. 4 f. ; Ibn al-Matran, f i n i t i f ^ t n t i ' n n t mf^ f l t n , f i f t i t I T ?ftm
Bustan al-atibba wa rawdat al-atibbea, Ms. cmt5t f i i f i t m i T ? t i i tim f i m ? f g i ? i ? ff? t r n i t i
Bethesda, Md A8, foi, I I 7 r f.; (H) Ibn al-Kifti, mnm? n t c i i t n ?jf^?tn ?fiif^ w?m? m ? va Hfs
Tarikh' al-hukeima, ?mt. J. Lippert, Leipazig i f e o v s i t u vs itm! tm f i m i c n i ib-i^j^ i t t i ff? i t i f i i
%. f??^; (V) Ibn Abi jisaybia, EUyun al-anba' fi i t f i i H m f m ( f c n f i m n - t c???t-t i m ^ t ) ific? f i n
tabakat al-atibba, imt. A. Muller Cairo ib-bri f , (itwt) f i f ^ n 'fl?t f"? Itmt iivsfe/wmtt ivi8 m n ,
i ? . , l o o i . , i o v o , iiV; (fe) Ibn Khallikan, ?s b - H , f c n f i i m m ? (tf^fimtfit f i m t i ) mm? i t f i t f ? m f f ? ^ fH
mnt?by da Slane, i?., i V H ; ( i o ) M. Steinschaeider, ftvgmi-t m i ? (f.)-'fl? niif HfS5 ^ I i ^ 8 f t / i b - i b - - i f e
Die hebraischen Ubersetzungen des Mittelaters m ffi 'ftvsmn tm? i ? itt n i t ^ n n t m t n
Berlin ibrfevs (repr. Graz ifeft^b %), io<fb (f??^); f ' f i ^ f i f i m t ?t?f? W I J cmitn cif? n i '?n i ? ,
(ii) C ? i 1 , Die arabischea Ubersetzungen aus f i m n m im? f i m f l c n 'ntf? m t f t - f m ? itc
dem Griechisohen, repr. Grazife^bo f , ivJsfe i . (H?^); iicifii (i??fc i t i t ) ( f . ) fit? t i m i ' ifltif%ti tim
( i l ) Suter, V5S.; ( i v s ) I. PoIIak, Die Hermeneutik i f i i t f i f w f t m ifit? i t n t i ânfm f n f i i i t m ?
des Aristoteles in der arabischen Ubersetzung tim f i i ^ i m ? ?ftw mmtm m? 'fl?t mwm ii8'j5/fcm
des Ishaq Ibn Honain, Leipzig i f e i v s f , Abh. K. ibrvoo-wtfiift i b r v o i m ffi c i i t n i m ? ifiims (mi-cmwt)
M. xiii/1; ( i 8 ) L. Cheikho, Catalogue des f i f s i n I ffi - f ^ i f i i i t m ? i t t s j f f ? i t m ? ific n t
manuscrlts des auteurs arabes ehretiens depuis f i ^ R i f ? ? ? m i S ^ n if?c U ' f n i f i f 'mfici - f i m ' j i ^
rislam, Beirut ife18 t., (ift) G. Sarton, mtfm? ' m f -fltifm ( i n i t i t ) fitw? im i f t i t m iirti
Introduction to the history of science, i, Baltimore n m ^ i ? m n t i f t ? t ? i f i g ??ifcn itmt?? i^tw '?i?f
ifelH (ib) J. Tkatsch, Die arabischen if?m? wtm C i i t n i t i n i c m ? itc t f t i n f i f i m mfim?
Ubersetzung dre Poetik des Aristoteles, 2 vols., icifcmmHf? iifti/i^vsft m t i f i m i c ? i , n t cimnt
Vienna and Leipzig i f e i b - ifei (.; (in) f i t c i m i ? i m 1? 1
t m f fiicm
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Contents
tfAtf (A)
t f A t f l i l w f t A t*ftA A R t A t W f ' W t - t f f A - t tAAttWt t f A t f f f M WtffCft f I f f t f t t f t lilf W t C f f C f t f f

(8l., t ^ I f f ia8H-(to/i\rSi-^8)-m f A t Wtt tffafAfJt, W f f l Z F t fftCM I ff tfAtf-Cf C t M Cf f W i S a l f l f M 8
t f t f f T T l , f f t A f f w t , f S ^ TOt t A l i l t fitCttf f t t f a CAff tfAtf ! f f t liltttct t M C f t ? fft t f f C f t 8 w t f t
ffft 'JfCfA W f T O ftf t M 1 A M t A t l i t f f f t f tft^^ W t T O a t t t f A t f - l i l t TOT f f t t t f f t C f t I Cf A M 8 Wtt
f f - f 3 f , f T O ( f f l i l f t t 'ewM ^ ft, ftf Wt^M a f f t t t fft'S t f I Ctro ;ft t f A t f W t t t A C f t C f t t t 1 A?Ft
tf< 'S artfM ftwttro f f A f f f tTO t A l t a t t f stf ( ( R f f TtCtt attflCf Ctro A t f f t A t C f A f l T f f t t t C ? I f f t f A t f
tA#Al i , t ^ S l f f i f e S o f , S t f e A . 8S>A t . ; G-(f8 f . ) I fftc fftc tfro e f f f C t C f t liltt t t ^ ( f . ) - i i l t
WfA^'Wltf t A t f t M t t W l M tftrotf^, fAtff?? ifeoo fffS fro AJit t t f f f t ^ t C t f t f f f t C f t I
[. t w TOt (ftf (ftf WtAA f 7 ^ t r o t f t f f f t t t W ' S f f t f t 8 ( i )t A f ' f - ^ f f t t Wtf-Wtttf, ftg'f-tttt, ttti
TOA A t t i c ? , tAf S t t t f t f A t f l i l C f R t t t fit I tAtt ffwt iO<Tt ft., i t . , iJjb-; ( A ) t f t A t w t t W l f - " w t t f t f t f Wtf-tftf,
TO TOt s f f t t T O f tJCt f f f t tt"fJ f t w t f C f f t ^ ^ 'WttA ftft ioAb- ft., i t . , O A , t t fe8; ( o ) t t A t f , twff
A ^ f f C A t M s f M f f t r o CWCaiaflf W A T O f c t t I WPPTlt'f . - f t A t f , t t t i t. ft., i t . , i 8 1
t f t f t ? ( i ) f t f t , f I f f f - W t f t t , t^Stlf iOo^-iiJs ^. Wt|f ttro f. fttff tfftt
A t . b-fefe I ( A ) f f f w ^ - t f ^ f f , i t . oAb-1 ( o ) C t A C t t TO'Wtt, ^*l^lf' ( J L : ^ ! ) 8 (t) f A t t t t , f'Sfff, S t M " W t M 'S
M'Wt-t fAtM t t f - t C t t l t - t ^ f f t , t^Stff ioiA f t t W - C t A f , fft. fA<Ml ' W f f , C f f f w r o f t f t f lilfftt
08-8A, 8S>, av-bi I (8) 'SfTO litaM, Turkiye maarlf
tttft f t t t e t wtl I S f f t M f f t t ftet t t f t f t A f t
tarhil, Istanbul 1939-43, il. 277f.; (ft) A. Adnan-
(cffftit)-t f t f f t "WfM f ' S f t f t ffttfett f t f t wtfs M
Adivar, Osmanli Turklerinde ilim, Istanbul 1943,
ftft W t T t t f e t t I t t t f ^ f f w t t f c R f c t T fft ctt^
196f.; (b) B. Lewis, The emergence of modern
t t t f e t t liltt f ^ê t ^ f t t t f t tfcf c f t c ? t i Cf t f c t
Turkey^, London 1968, 86-8; ( < t ) N. Berkes, The
fft s f f t ^ f f i s f t t f t t t l f t t f t t lilTO t t f t W t T t t ft A t f ? ,
development of Secularism in Turkey, Montreal
t f f t . M A titffc fft ^ w w t f e t t I f f f t tft'sff
1964, f f t t i f l ; ( V ) fffttM f t A t c t t TOT C t f t , J . de
f f t e t f f t t ftct W t T Cft t t f f t f t f f t vstff-f5fb=ft f f t t c
key. Sketches of Turkey in 1831 and 1832, New
cttMtttwffttMfctt I t ^ tfcft ftt'wttf'f-Af^'
York 1833, 138-44; (fe) f t T O s t t t T O t t t f f f t t TOT
ft f f t r o fcttt f f f t tttttf?cft I
f A t f t t t t f t (t)-iiit f t A ^ f
C f f t , Othmanli Muellifleri, iii. 255; ( i o ) c f f t ,
f t f f t f f t r o f c ^ t t f f f 'tft fttftc ffett ^ wwt
Ibrahim Alaettin Govsa, Turk meshurlarl,
fctt liiAt t r o ^ t A t I w 8 t t ftffctt f t f t Ate tfftft
Istanbul 1946, 191; ( i i ) Cagatay Ulucay and
f t f M fAttttct ftew wf^siffettctt fcRfCtT M ctet
Enver Kartekin, Yuksek Muhendis Okulu,
SjTttt f C t t I
Istanbul 1958, index.
f M wte? c t , fft aftt lilf ft C f f f f T O ê fct f t w f
E. Kuran (E.I.^)/Cfts f f t f f t f f t t ffct ttttt (wttirM wfffet) ttsf f ? c f t i
's f f f f e
% f 1 f rtf-ftftft ( ^ ^ I j L ^ I ) S (f) f f f f A lilt f t t fft f C f t f f ' s f t tttf # t t rot f f f e t
(f)-iilt ftAlft i^ffAtMtt ftAlftctt
1 tffftt ftro TO (tttftctctt ft-wtfMtt, i t . , i < T A ) I f t r o f t A s e f W t M
f C ^ t f f t f C ? t I f t r o C T O fC5tCtT t f f t t f t stt^ ffft ftt t ^ C f t f f 3 t f t t t C A t r o A t t t C ? t I " ^ A S t C t t t t t t f , ' E t ^ 'S
f^tM Atc ttAif t t t fctt I f t r o t f t 'Wttftf-ttM f f f ^ WtaCf f t r o t f f t f f f f t tttttc? I t r o ' S f "W'
f t t f f t t f f f A t f ^ f f j f r o W t f - f t t f t t T t ^^C TOt t t ^ f f C f t ? C f t C f t f t t t t ^5t I fft " ^ I f a f f f ? C f t I M t t
1ft M tftt f f t f A t f wtf-ttttfttn? ^^c t t t t f c t t tif A l f f f f f ttfctt w " t f f M I f f T ^ wtffttet
ct, fft f t t f t t f A t f f A f t C t fAroCt f C i f C t l t f t t t f f f C t t f r o ftro ftff^ Ttct=cfttc<it C f A C f A f f f f e t t M I
ttf fctt I f f f ^ t w f t t As^ro t t f t r o '^tt t f A t f tffcft f t r o cÂtro ftctt ^fc lilf ttett wtftft tf% M f A t
s f f f t ! fft ixitttct w c t w t f t I w t f t f t r o t f t t t t t t I l i i f T O ctffcf t t f t f t r o ctffe wttAtM ^ I
c^ttt wtft w t r o M sfctiwft ftftft ftc f M ffttft I f C f ctttett fft f t e t , ctttett tfftffctt f t t t M
p i f s f f f t t t WtM I f f t f A T f ( f ) t f f c f t s it! w t r o c t f t M t t M I A t t t lilt fttctt fft fttttctt ftew ffctt
cftfft (wftt f t r o A t f ) c t r o
t At' I A t f t t r o cttt f f t t ^ t C t f I fft f t f t t t f ' W t t f f ? C T O , M ' " ^ ^
wftt fftt f M TOt crttcf Ait f M I f f f t f A t f ftro ttf'wt ftef f ffwff ^ê f t t f t f f c cftfctt ftctt
f T O f f t t f f f C f t t t 1 f f f C f C f t t t C t ttflf f f f t t f t t ffct I ttfctt f M ftro trtro M t f ' s w a f f f i
ifftf Cteft I f t . t f A t f ftfft t t f s wettt f f f f t I fs fWt'attfwt
t f f t f fftCftt
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Contents
Hfi-wrn wft-Hft Tj? it?iRi fsrat W W m I tm mfii mf%5 ficn i fH f i w iten c ? i f ifime? fim ie?i i
wm <t>i<ii)ic? i m cuifi cmtm I m?fi mm va ifm c?ien fimen mtem ?n i ? mircn
Hf? ttnsf wtsrc? f W 3 t liimt? sffffms? ?ff?mf vflmtm irni mvairm fitm tnti ifift wimi i m i
2tft! i m (ife'S'b ' ^ . ) I f%f? f m ?w m? 'flt fiti? tnti ifif fltn fim-itm ifliitst i m i t
iHîM? w?T m iHm cn I stfit?ft f m t miffm? fH fltn fim-itm itn n va i?en ifmnti i wTfii
tntfim -flfsfrnt mw wrmffms n i fm? fffm W T ? wrie? iHirH ^^civa fm? t n n i f ? f ficn ig, fiif
[fmn m:m ciff? ufff? fntf mff? ni? fmm*^ va iftem i H wtif i
wtm (^. i f e s i '^.)-'fl^ m Sciicmui mtm nemfim? im fimfmm fnr n citiititf wtei n f w c n
2ff%teft ffe? ffe? fEif%fl n I ?itcH Sm ??itff mm? tmi itvsitm wtm wtf itcicn f i i t i i ? ? f tmi i t f i ?
vs w?m?f?en mmm fnme? ifntf? itcc^ i mfiitm w t i f T irfH i t e i c n fiit tnti ifif i f i g f?wi? i f ?
mtitut mm? ( i ^ i b - 'ô i Hi? if?c i ien I tm i t i t i t f i tnti ififtei citntitf
f v g m t titSi fi?e? 5t{cv* "mfe? itmf ^sm nmff i t i f i i f i i j i i t i v a f if?m civam i? i ffi wj^
tnrf' me? -fliitf? i t ?nt if??ff%m, m i i t f i itmfl? fitei? icsf i t i f i i Hm? ^c S f f n i
?fim wtm m i f m cwtt fg mvamm fitm? mi^r n ItH? mift irH nfwcn itfifUffm ^ mtl f n f
Sm ?mnt? f??ten (i? itwi, ciff ioao ?mt) i ifite fiw mff F f i m m i t i m i H f iii smf? ?tH fim
mitvsSei? mm wfti fn? nw i?ife i i t i im it?ici f ? m i f ? f t i ? i f ? e ltd? I w?t fieit fHfmenici
vflit f?i?-mflie?? f??m?f fifs itmei i t m itf?^ i f i g f?wten f i i ? m n i m i
m?vs ^ 5 ^ ? ? ifli' ?rc? im cwi^ fg m o i ?f5 it?iei tm i? fH mmiit??? civaemi m??rm fim fimei
(iiti ciff, m. fi.) I f^ n 1 i ? ? f in? fH mitm mft f'mfii fim iffl
mvsmm itf? mwfff i m c i v s iwri fitn i writme itvgi<itlîi??iii?fn i viii iti?i?fHiH?im I t f m m
'Smme? f i c i ? mff?m memien if rm mi? f i i i f n I fH Iflt Ufmmt mvamm f? citmt? i t f i f f va
wiiTif3F??lwfffefH wti i l l i c n m i i f e v o ^ ' ^ f t i ? I t e i t m ifH Sfi mîei f i i ^ ftme? m i fH itfmei?
?fl? iteiPti wtt? it?f??troT ciff v n t m wtitm itmff wtfim it?t?Ttic F f i m wten i v^ ?n?t itfmi itntit?
i t f f citif W f i f ? mwtiei ffi mi? ?t? ien i iei itame? itften mi citm n i mt, mmm t i m i f ? f
fifii f 1 itffei imfw if??t W f i f ? mwti f i i ? cmtt rm ifHt mfmi wtfim itame? itften i i i ?ei?
fiiffp n i~ itrg I n viit mrnm f^mfi? fltn mvsitm mf f'mfii
itsitm ^ f?m I t n I cwri fg itsitm wr?gi n (^. fimr I t e i t m t m i tm fiit fitf i f i ifm uftn
wtfirfi i f e t r b ) f m ifmfiff? n I n? m I t n i t i t Uff fH -mti itf^ uîtu î?fi n
ffi i f e ? t n , ifevob- mfiti t?fiti i t n fl?t fiw wtif va imf? u f i uîtu wtim S f i wtnen f i i t
I t f f ? wft? fitti 111? ?sm n I ifli^s ^-'im i t t cmw? ^ t ^ irfen m u i m i vflt f? Smt fmm ueitu
f m 11? fimme? wm cim m m ie? i iftn win? I t u f ? mit^ i
i f i f s ( i ) in. v s ? t f t n , mtiteici? f ? wiSfimii, Ueitu fitm? t i m i H f lufmm? ue i f e b r s i e ?
1? itwi, cift i s o i / i f e b - i , f i H l ; ( 1 ) cmtnwtiff n , ffim v^fiuuf itfift 'Sfi unlit? fiims fiite? cuim
imfei Itmft, 1? it?P?1, ciff i v s ( h s mm, ^. ah-by, ( v s ) i m I ie?? ?e,i? vflt mtnim muc? Itften mm Uf im
v^ cin, win vg f i ^ , cjif Tot. fi., ^. i; ( s ) tîtfim l t d umu tnti i H f l?fif ifei? m i m ien i
mfmm itfi= ififSf, i i t i i wtifi mtt?, cift i f e i b - liten i f i f i ieistm itntilH? if S ^ 1? I i f e b - b - m
f)i Hw Itu iwtHm itSfiuitf ite? mfitf m 'Sfi fimfwm
vi. ft. viii. ficn Sfi mntm f i i f i ? Hmm i m i ? u m f?wf um mtij}
^>i^l<> f s f ^ (tfjjj^gi > ,.,i) 8 mitm tnti i f ? f wtfiu ffim films ftite? cmim i m i t m uuitfi
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?ftim n^^? cwm iwifirn mm citntitf iten <iii iHe itei? i
ift^ ifime? wKii? mn i f m fii? m wi?fi itm fH ifebrfe i e ? wtfiu ituHu mHmmfitf^ ie?-cmim
fiim, irm m ifm c?ii; ? M c?m H i m itft i m I vflun ^ ?ti? fiim^m i? i f e f e i m fH u m
cmtiis, cm c?ii i c?m fiim wj^ i i f i cm fiti? r cst'^t itm C i i wf^sf? u?5i f ? m i i i f i 'Sfi imtm
f m vnntat imi wtifi I t i t ? fiim wfi? ig, ? 's ^mfii ic? vii?t untu iti?t n f w i - t f?-vii? i f m itficf
t m f fiiem
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Contents
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Hf35 n I f m mmT 4 t iHfn? f f n i i w wfw fa (Wttf^), titu, l o o f t ; 8 f t . titSi fm, i i i f a , titu,
n I f f ? ' f l t i t f t R : ^ f m t?fmf? i # i f ? CBHJ l o o f t ; 8b. f n ? k ? W t i f?WtCn fim, titu, l o o f t ; 8 1 .
f i d ? I mifn t n wt??ti ( U ) , i i (mtfii), i c n i o o 8 i
ifvaiHt t ? m ?sf?ft ?fm?t ?lf?T? W R ' W t ? ?t?f? m tit w fiitf m i , ufii mi?, -^wtft? uf, muf
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ifefes i n F ^ i m ? -gimf??
wif??f t i i i f ? ? t S?ttf??t? itciw Uvaitu fHi? t i m i f ? f ? Ffic3t w e n mfii
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twi? ? f ? u n ? I uûu tmu if?f nft u ? u ? i w m ? i S?it, fcfi ^ m va i9tii I t i t fH i ? c ? ? u?m fitfim
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f f ? ? i uufwi ? s i f c a wf mt? i t U i l f i c?unific'a ff? w f i ^ ufic? I wiimcn cm tuci i i ? " U f m
Hntfw fid? I tm U f u f?im[wi'i5bfsii ?s,i? i fH I t t I fH w f i f i i g u iHu c^ ttm fiu i f iiti ifiuen I
v f l t W W ? ? n uufwi va uwt?fi f ? f g ? t f ? f i t m ? - f n i C f ? f u s F P t ^ w<'a f f mcsf w i l n fiittu fici i f i t ?
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vflint wif| ?fi?iici I vflut i i s tm n ? ? cilfii va
i t m u t i m i f ? f l o o f t i c n vb vs(i ?f?m ueai ffim
d U tS i t u n tm 'flift tfiit i i t i i va i i t i i m i
f f f F t itm cmut ?tii fin v f l i i?tf%i usi fitm f i i
cii i u ^ 1 (1) citfii ift?^ tfit?
mit?, iitiit? ifewj; 1 . ufi s f ? f i , wnwtf? mc*f, n I i?f?? citim m f ? est ^ft itft ii??im f m wtum
ifefeo; vo. ?% C i c ? ? w?? ?Uif, tmfii itScsi? utuni,
Itm W f f i 1? I Itme tmf icn uvamu mf fmfii
W ? ifefeft; 8 . lijiit 11531, tmfii itSci?, cictn fim I ftfle?^ mSfiuitf fiuHtu mum i t e < tuei
ifeb-b-, a. t m n f?m-itf, wtt^ ifefel; vij. -Him? liiu, u n i u 1 ? I f i f i ffjifd ft, v i i ^ -fg, n i u t varat witU
i 8 i i ft.; H. f?wt? f m ^ [ f m wtcitci t m f wtfu, itsi, ^ vg Qofsftf uHit fiuen i
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mtf itUinsii, i f e f e f t ;fe.-wtuf wtcmm? f ? cmf wtf fit va wti? wtm wtiuf mtfi, cst^ itft itntu,
mitu S?i?n?iti fif, ifefel; i o . tuc wtfnt (S^), mt, icon l o o f t ; ( 1 ) fvaiiu wtiUiSfi win? m i i f ,
wtufUn lumw f?wt?, ifefevo; i i . finm f i i , uuf v5?tt? win? wtiui imtfi, cst^ Uft muu, fcm
mficiii, ifefevo; i l . m m s i w f ^ vg tsmf, ifefevb; l o o v o ; ( v o ) Sfft mfi m n if, fvaitu fifi? t i m
ivo. fim va tme?? uwt?fi ?i?, I t u f mficiii, iHf imtfi, C 5 f ^ i f f t imtu, l o o i ; (s) f i f i i tifim,
ifefevb; i 8 . i v a f muu f i va cmt, UUf itUiciii, i f e f e i ;
< ^ - v b - 1 o o f t ; (ft) M i l fitm, l - v b - l o o f t ; (vjj) M i l Wtm
i f t . um va w?f unti, m wtmt iitif, v ^ i itf iit,
m?; ivb. un i ^ v a ? ^ va itfisrtf u^tm, tim? f i f i f ? ni, 1 - v b - 1 o o f t ; (<^)?lfil m , i 8 - v b - 1 o o f t I
ifi??; i l . fism?? nrnwtd fifii Sui, cim itciU; ^*iîi> nT-"5ni1^ (UTT'J-*-'-' ti' - )' st??ci?
ib-. Un? f'wi, ife. f?wi? f m "3 ^[tm wtciici wuHsu?, v f l i w ? i f i w f f , I t f i I f i t ? v f a v b o / i i v i j i m fife w?m?
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ntfit u?ft, l o o o ; 1 1 . -wti-fimn wtcitci fatfm, i - If icn 1 ffi fiw mci? f f i i i i i i % tm itmm
utni f i wtmf fim ? i 8 . uift t i m m mtf s mtti n t f m f f J ? i ? tm nen fiit unt i f i e
# n I t i t i , i f e f e b - ; 1 f t . Itfi va f i i c i Ituf (wttfii), i t e i ? I w s i ? f l ? i t e n U W f i t d ff? wtwf? m m
tmt, ioo8 I
icn I n v i t t u n fiifii wifi? i m i ? U f n u^ un
( i ) w?f? s vol. t m f #n, mtf mficiii, Ffm w t e n v f l i t m frfm ?mi i f ? e uei? i i i
ifefes; vob-. fitf i f l f^f?, vbi, va b-1 ? (wttfii), itm? i i v b / i v o ^ 8 men i i o in? ??d fH t?fiii icn i
tmt, ifefei-fei; V O f e . m f n tuf i f l i n , vo?, fti, v^t^ uwu'S'i-wtim ( J I V I j - < ^ ) icf wfaii Seal w t c i I
va b-1 i (Wt?fil), tmt, i f e f e v o - l o o o ; 8 o . Wt1-ft?tU F f sf
ifift s ( i ) ' w t i f i - n f u mmft, f?itf m-uûf"?,
? (wttfii), t??u, l o o i ; 8 i . ' m t v a i m w t n f f , i i i , 1 ? i t , 1t???tm (f?) ivob^/ifevfavb, 1 1 . i o , i i ; ( 1 ) prof.
1 ? va vo? i Q , tmt, ifefefe-ioovo; 8 1 . -mnrfi fiuu (wttfii),
fVIuhammad Enamul Haq, Sufism in Bengal, 1st
tmfiU f f ? U U , 1 o o 8 ; 8 v o . f t f i ? i f l , f?, 8f ft? VQ
Ed. Bangladesh 1975, p. 14-5, 41 i
i ' a , titu, i f e f e i - i o o 8 ; 8 8 . U i U f i U ^ , i l l , fif? va bii îtufn
t m f fiiem
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Contents
bhS t f t f m ft'tft
J) g lilfSR f f f i i t / i t t t c f t lilfft f T f (î^.i:s)-t C f f f t f t e t t f f H
(?m f l c f f I f w o f f t f t r t t ^ iit ATtfj ibibb- *f. W t A t l i l f f t c t f t f t A t f t f t f I w t ' s f f f ' c b C f R t te W f t t i f
f f t I tl*(,Wt f |i|Rf Ctfîif JM f t f ? l i l f S R ?t3I ftflCA t f f f 'Sfltft, Cttfffft, ff, WiCtf t 'S f f C t f t TOtt f t f
ibrb-ii. ' f ^ t W A CA A t T f f C W R (Secret Committee) t f t I t f t r o f t f?f WT^'ft5t3f C t t - f f f s t T C f 5 I f t f t
Stff^n^tCAA W S f S f l A f i f fffi ftftCA C f f f t f f C f t I t t f f t t TOt f f t C f t f T O t i T O f ^ t r o - ^ A i t f t t f c g t e f tT

f s t t t f i f c f t A f f 'S f ^ fC5f' (Committee of Union fsr? tttet I tftf^te f f ^ f f ^ t i t f - f f t W T ^ fIf; tetg
and Progress), ( t f ^ A t f f f tf^^ CStAtc?ff f.) f f f t t T f C t t f t t f t ' S fIf, f f f C f t t C t f f t f t t ( Q I - . . ,
A t I t t f f f t C f ibrsxj- f , f l A f C f C f f f (Rhodes)->il f f f f f market-place,ftftfflrteA f t f t f f t ) f?f f i f t ^ t
CAAt AA I f f f f f f f t f t S A f f t c f W A A A m t f t f t C f t f f f f t lilfttt, f f , fttttff, tffwt, t f t 'S cttfftltlffA
f C f t I CftfCA ffff f W t f f f f f t A C t A C f t Atc f f f f f fCt ff'fTO A t T O t t r o ' S f f f f?f I iit/i It tCf ftAttt
f t f f f C i A f f t f t t f A f I ib-S>1 f WtJCtA f f t f f f t ttttttt fsr? tAt f f t e t I
t t f t A f t c f f f t t f t f t ''SfilHff' ( f ? f t f ) s t f f ^ f C t t I t A t wttft's ftfttt tffe f t ' s f f f c t t tctt f l ^ftftCf
CSfCtt Atc a l f t f f A t i ib-feii. f&tC^ f f t C t t t w ^^C f ^ t t f fftewTt tfftt-iilt f t C f t t f W f (Dobruja) A t t t
f f t t f f t vs |t?f1CtA f C t fltftfllUt alfttttt f f f t c t w t f t ATO t c t f t ttftf f C t f T O t f t f H t t f f c tI
lilAt t A t A f f f t t C f t f C f f t f t f f f f a t f t f f A t I S f f t f t 8 ( i ) C t f f f W A t f f , f t f . T. Menzel TOt Fr.
t f A t f f f f t Cttctt (Rome) f ^ t t f f1<ICf c t f f f J t f Taeschner, f t t t f t t ifefti f , it., A A 8 ; ( A ) Cronici
wffft t t f f f A A 1 f A t A f f f f f t ft fftctt f f t f t f l ^ ^ p f turcesti privind Tarile Romane, f t t c t t iSxij-ii ^.
f C t t f t rot ' ^ s f t t t f ' - t a f f t t f W t t A f t t t t t fpsfCtJ tAtCTt ft88; (vs) Wt'sfftt C K f f , ftt t'Q, v s f t f e - i b i ; ( 8 ) J. v.
lilfft f f f a c t t t t f f t C f a t f t t t t t ATt t A t f f t c f t t f Hammer, Rumeli un Bosna, f f c t f %; (ft)

ib-iA
a t f t f C t t liltt, ifeoo San Remio-C tAtt f f T t W t f Istoria Romintei,ftt. Ac. Rupubl, popul. Romlne,
WAItA t t c t t I ifeofe f t C ^ ft?tCtt t c t f t A t t t f S f t t t A t , b-ovb, b - i i , b - i 8 , v s t . , i j o A , feAis; (b) N. Beldiceanu,
fJ (fO iro fC'TA t ^ f f C f W t t t t f C t t liTtt f f t t f A f R t La campagne ottomane de 1484; ses preparatifs
f t t f t ff^ft t t t t e t f f t f C t t I militaires et sa chronologic, in Fevue des etudes
a t f t f t 8 ( i ) E.E. Ramsaur, The Young Turks's roumaines ft'-iit., t t t t t f ihbo s f t - l ; ( s ) A. Kuzev,
prelude to the revolution of 1908, princeton N. Prinosi kam istoriyata na srednovekovnite
J. i f e f t l ( A ) Serif Mardin, Jon Turlderin siyasi kreposti po Dolnija Dunav, V. izvestiya na
fikirleri, WttftSt ihbS (vs) Ahmed Bedevl Kuran, Naro.dniya muzei Varna, i t . ( i f e t i f ) , t l - b r i ; (b-)
Osmanli Imparatorlugunda inkilap hareketlerl M. Guboglu, Turetskiy istocnik 1740 o vlachii,
ve milli mucadele, t ^ s t f f ihab f , f t c t t f f t f ^. A i A Molavii i Ukraine, Vostocnie istoeniki po istor
f I narodov yugo-vostocnoy i tsentral noy Evropi,
f t t f t f t t f {E.I.^)/1AS W t f tCA3 t c ^ ife'b8 f , f i8% (fe) Bibl, N a t , C t t f f f , Oriental
^f^tfwrs ( f . fffff) dept. fonds i l - i i i
A,*ll'^^t>l (Isakca) 8 t f t t t f f f t t t t l i l f f t ^^tctt t t t , B. Cvetkova (E.I.^j/^ff W t f t t
t f t Wtff-fe,tf% a f t f t f t C f I t t T f C t t A f W t f f b f f (Oblucica) ^fP^F 'Qft f t ' ^ (l^L^j ^ L _ ^ l ) 8 "WttCtt W t f t f
tfct t f t f ^ f?f I cttf t t f f f (Moldavia) W f i i F t t liltt f : t t f t t ct f t ^ ff ifw ^ t A t t t tAfeiTt t c t T w t T t i
tttftffcf CttftcatftfClwfffCttWtTfffttftWTtCf ttf tAt lilfft f t f ^ I t f t f lilfft f f t ^ liltt f t f t t f
liftsft f t c t t " S f f f < f t t f t f t t f t f ? f I b-b-fe/iSb-S f t C f a f t t f f 1 f f s t w t t A c t e t lilt f t f f f f t f f t t t i t tttftt ff
tCt A t f t t f t f t A t t f f t f f A t f t f f - t f t f ^ t f f C f f t f t t f f t A t I liftsft f f t f r i t ^tc wtf TO c t , t t r o t t t w t
f t f f f t f t t f wffTTFt f f t f f f f f f (Kilia f Kill) TOt cttesi a t f f t f f C f t f t s p t f t t t f f ' t f t f lilf f t f liltt t f t f t
f f t t f t W f f t t (Cetatea Alba) t t W t f C f t t t t (Ak ftf t t t t t t t f liff f t f t f?f I l i t f t f - f t f t t f f t caft A T O
Kerman)TO f C t t i f A t l f f t f t t f f t t t TOt f f t t t t WftÂt I
ftcttfw t t t t t f (Garrison)-litt t f t f t t t t C A t tTTtlCt f t c t t t t t t t W t f - f t f f ( f . Ao8/b-ife W t f Aoib/b-Ai) TTO
f s f t f t c t I ' S t t ^ f f s f (Wallachia) TOt C t f f t t f f f ^^C f f T 5 f - W t f f t te^ W t f t f "wttct a f # f l i t f t f f f t f ^
t f l t f f 'S t t f f t t %?tfCf W t t t t liltt f f t t t f f t t f f f t c t t ^ f S f f f t f f e w t f c t t ( f . f f t f f - w t t t t t , f t t . 's W f .
cafftctt TOt t f l f bt l i l f f t =f ttttt C f e ^ t f t t A t 1 W. Atallah, tjffff ifevbfe {., f. v b ; ^ . Kllnke-
t f f t f fttCftt
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Contents
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Rosenberger. Das Gotzenbuch, mttfii 'wtfii I tm mt m i t??ttfi t n f f p (g-)-''^ vfliwi

ifeSi % ; ^.
lb ibr) 1 iui itffi'itafii if#ti flcn i vfl^snsci ituit miten
wmt ?m CT, tmt'mt, fmm mmi cmn #f?i#m iire? v f l t ^ mtmCTfiut wun ?fiuei, tit ncstt
vflt f l l t?cm nrmrm^ cncift'm? fsn i f ? i Wfm? I im f n t ^ mr^ timr i
wmâ wmt m m, ttmi m?fm vflt ft? ft 'jii 'jii m i ' t m ?m wr^FUHsten t?tm W U C 1 ? itft?
ff Hi; VfliH ftfi f l l Itmt mtftci? mtmcif vfl?^ muH flm i ^ f i t f i i uwitft Uf i - v f l ? wfiuff flcn i nftiitt^ tm
mrm fcn mfîct i ic? f?t?i citî ^ iitltc4 v f l i a j mum? wui iten s t m 'wt?gm t n f m i , f i m
ifnt I t n t e n f i i t ftn ic? i cntei tm itc< tmf wti-ifvalf vs vQ'u (?) I titcn nei? Hit itct fH
mH f i I. fif mti-mt??tf (g. mtnm mtit, mit. ifffi- Hvaum ifiuen I mtf itfn t n H ? ^ titci
Wustenfeld, % 8 f e ) iis cir mmr ?mCT,vflt -sjf^n itftcî vfliwi f i i ^ uff ftite? Segiifi?ten I w?utm
H?? vg snvsus itite ftfi flm i ?fJfvo ^ ;fl?5H Itftei fif f i 3 F H ifiift i ? ?fiu cm
wu VfliH H??ift ê wtu mCT,itmts itfti mifig cm nteitn wfi i i f i iHucn i ftff? ?^ fitf%i
if?ei H l i t 1 ? tm Hiiinii vflt ^tH ffci im-mvsu f m Hit Itfti wun icn i
itictw? Uit itufli I i??f I t c i 'mm? t n ittfii mn m i ' t m mte? i f ' iHm n? nt ?^' itc
H i t ? Hcum vflt ^jHn cn-ciff^ ntu it ie? vfl?t n itfttmmm'S'1-uun (ifn it? iwScstn) iH;i i
itct Su iHf ê U C I I vflUn SciU c?, SiH^ 'wfi? wis mtf miten wfUften w f i i t i ' f l t ? i i if?ei
tnmfu.'wf?e?ff iwmwui feum i mm ? i f i i i ? i t m mf itftms (?)-n vflt wHi "Sftti?
tmci m I U it m "3 ci?t ifl?tUtitci ^ftrfst uiêi? fm ? f i it?rei i fif m i 'tmtsf-n i t ?
S??t? cift (g. Pantheon, f. io<\) i boo ^Jfei nt m wen f i s i ^ t i # f i Uifci? HvQU?tH fifi n ?fiu
fisfcn i? 'wtum mfiwt mfci S?,itft i? i nsei vflt mi n t i ?5f??rren i cmr m i t m fiimt t m wtf
f l l ff unit^ 1 ? I fgei? m t m ? fien i ?fwt mtif i t f i i itm ? ' f i t H iH^
ififf g ( i ) R. Dozy. De Israelleten te Mekka. itci fimt t m wtf f f f fitci v f l t ? i i I t ? ^te f ? ?
^. ihH; (cO Wellhausen, Reste Arab. Heidenthums, itfie Uien i m i t m iio/\ri(t irci ttHiti ien i
1? It., % HH; (vs) T. Fahd, Le Pantheon de lEArabie i f i f f 8 ( i ) citm 'wff wfi-itff, t?tnf m-itufiirt;
centrale a la veille de lEhegire, iJtfil ihbv [., 'J. Hi%; ( 1 ) 'wr?^'i-iifti wti-m'mft, firi'i-wrim, wm-
iovS-'l I mft fieum; (vs) 'wtltf 'wt?f"i-itfiT wti-mmf,
T. Fahd (E.I.^)/1tm wmgi l^ttfl m'QUt5'i-uH?Jt, f i i ? i i 8 H., f. i i i b I
% n m t ^ *rtff?r ( j _ , u ^ ^L^) % (u), vflim 8 vfl. C I . v f l i . wftf? wtft
mtft I f H Uf I f f ? citen cm flcn i 'wtn t n wt?tUs *t?rtm rtu-^5ft% (^_^3J,I o s (u), v f l i w i

wti-?stift ?'^ ifiuen s 'wtiu ltd wtuen IAIH ff mtirft I fH nmft ( i . ) itc ifliH n f t i ^^"^ iHuen i
fli I Sm witH wfen itficf Heufw f|i 'tm t n itftiH f i m i i s nmft ( i . ) cm wfun ?iu ci?t i m
'wtfi? UCI m 'mn t n 'wfvsi uu cucarst w?n uH^ i n? ?fiu fici 8 "cmr ?H cmuva nHm cific u u
(flifn t m ?Hi, "WtH vflt ff itc v f l t im ^^^ itc fm'H'ici wt?ii fie ^fic U v s mu êi um m i t e i v a
"sfiuH, 'ci 'tmi turn mui, ^fmfi fc?tfi nt imt iHva u i" tit tm fg tm Hit ê ien i
wt#?m ?mi mtftfi r tiic wtiu Se? t ^û ifm i t m f?fif, Wff uSi fifwmft, mtut, mmtft ift fuen
wsi? wtiu iitift (m)-vfl? Hit wtin ifiu vflt itu mtifi Itfti icf v f l t itftift? Segi ifiuen i wuu t m
fifs ?sf?m I fH wtitfiici tnten i H wt^m wtuten i iuuft? i C f itfeii SiHS'gs ?'fm wmft ie?t ifln
wmt tiiti i l l itiiti i" wtf u ' ^ mufff rm VfliH wHuen itm Segi Utuei mte t m ( U ) iff^
"mtf"i-ffofit" u n i C f vflt mtuH Sewi ifiuen i flcn I t n 'wmH'1-u?^, t n mu va wtf f'mn fitcn
ififf s ( i ) t n Itwm 'wtrninfft, titu, fim? i v s i b - i c f rm imei wteitnt ifiuen i tui fuft (?) ttrci
H., l U , sb-i, T g = f i i i t ( ? ( ? 8 ( ? I I t i t f t ?Hu ?'^ ifiuen i t n mrm fitei -U^ti few wti
fi?ti wtft iintften i f ? u wtcimr ifiuen i
'^rm t ^ ft 0 t n m n i f f i f f 8 ( i ) t n Itwm 'wmrifft, titu, fii? i v s i b -
t n "ûu wti-mft, "fl^^ utmru fitfmi va i t i ^ nt H., I U , 8 b - o , T g ^ i t f t f t 8 8 ; (1) <
S cin,mift!['-mif?,
f?rm wt3ei n m f i i itci ituf mmiten cisfiff? "s??; ihHQ f, li, l i , 3!=fii I t i b - 1 8 ( v s ) iti'tft, mwtt^
tntft fiiem
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Contents
tut
wmfm-mW; r. f ? . , il, O V o , igifn I t 8 o S > 1 ; tit Smen f i e ? f 5 1 ? u, i t f i tm '^fltfii fii mftm

( 8 ) tnpT-Wtlh, S f f l - t t U s , UWS iOHH t . , O i , 8 o b r ; im m u I tm Scgiemu t?fiipifn mui i t c o e i ?fH#
( f t ) t n ' W T l H l - l t n , t f f t m i t l (tTTHtS 1 l f % t , O i , i v b O ) I
ciT? i f mfmi nt ififi u f i t m m mfim ?w? i
imii-t mimf-? cin fiwifm-f?' mim, fifiim,
'^mtft (^1 .r, r ) s i m K i % 15% ifnm ?tfiûem t f i t i i f <i?m-t frntfli-ifl? a&t?! tmnt'^
i#mf?i Snm, fifi mm: b-i/i8mrnmnirtf m ^ nt mu'Sf [f] va miten Stmifcn mm? ftm? tmtf?
i f i i t f l H i n t i f t o - i / i o 8 f e - f t o m f d i m f f f i e n mrmM muif ?j?m icn I m t 'a n t i mmm? mmmi v i i i m
^^c i f n t mtim i w fiwf mtm^Fitn nt imn sjfrm? i f ? f i i t c ? t n f nw 'a m iu u?m ifiuen,
cntifitn f f % f i ^ miei nft mitu mtt i f i i t f i e n i m f l l mititfii mtfiu, u u w ^ ?t?mff ^^c f? i
I f tim # i f m m cif fif wtm im mt i imi fifm ffi fiwtf (f.)-? îit tm I f ? f m ien nt titei
i f i m f i f i f S F t ^ cm mm rm Scii mtt t wmi ff? mtu*f ftite? mfi?i if?e? i fif fiwtf c?t Sti? i t
a t n f t s t i t i S^ n t i t e m ft i^cm fei i t e ^ f i e w ? ifimtflcn, mite c'ftfic ffi u'f n, uim men i f
i t e i f f i c? f i f i ^ ' S Seal i f i m f l e n , tm? Si? ff% i % t Snfi f m m t . . . nteitntfii t f i l i n, nt v ^ f i t f i i
? f 5 I rm f^fu? ifum-fji t n f , fifi 'mtimf mfm-iTtfi? i f i c i i ? Siftn ic? i" tm nw m i >fit ci,
i f i t i e i ? n w i Sf? f l c n , t i f f i i (5.)-'^? m w f i t c i t f i t i ? n t meim ntitu ?Ht?t fn tm mfmo n? i
w n . i H j t l i f n t t?c mtm i e n nt fim mtm i f i f s ( i ) f ^ ' l - l t l t ^ , mmt, A. S . Usha, mtsi
m s i c n I ie? f H m w m f f i f e -Bfim mi i tm i f ? m ? i s > 8 b - ={., imtiei? fi?^ nt M . H . Nainar-vn ffim i
m w f ? m t g f i T mt ie? nt v f l t ifimfc?? i f i ? mw S^ ( 1 ) Ethe, i l . ftftS) ( I t b r f e f t ) ; ( v s ) Oriental College
m w i e i m f i f i n i t n f sn? i i i / i o i o - i m t c i f i f f e Magazine, I t e m i 8 / i 1 . , (?e. iS>vo<) ^.), vh-ho; (s)

winii i c n nt f m fiitn t ? ^ m - f ? t m t f , f i f ? ?tim v n . fit' if tnf-mm, ufiw is>vs<) v*}.; ( f t ) T n m ? - f ?
( > b > b 8 / i 1 vss,
( c n t i f ) f l c n , tit i i mfH-itfi n i f f i f m f i f i o f e i., cie<tn ifevofe I o i i.; (b,) p. Hardy,
mei cm Seal i e n i t i tms ie? n c?, ff? ^ t i e ^ historians of Medieval India, m ifevbo f. fe8-iio
fimt ttitiHciH I i i > b / i v a i > b mtei ?n fmrm t n fifi" (tmtf v f l i t mm? m t mmei' ttemf tu? f i f i
[f.l fif? 1 1 ^ w i e i t f t n c n f ? (?fvaittm)-'fl ftm^?? mwiwifnif) I ( i ) ffim-mtitf?, u titf? mmm-

m t c i ? m ? s e n , n tufa im ??^ m? ??^ f i t i e n t ftm (mu m f ûn i ^ tte?fe m^^H) i i i . , cmt
mm i t f i ^ i t e m m i mm fimn n i w f i msti n j i f ? e ifevbl fmt nt i v o - i b - 1 . 1 8 - f t ; (br) viii. f ' ^ ' l - l t ^ F ,
m I t f i m I f i i e u t?fiti i e n i fif n tmtf f i m i e ? Baranis History of the Tughluqs, lUffe i f e f t f e f., 'J.
c n f ? c f e n i i??f i s m? mi ffi m mt? ifim i i S - v b ; mu mnf imm, Tughluk Dynasty, i f i i t m
nw? mtmtu i f i f s va metfm ^tmte? f^ 'ji^^tun ifevbvO f , fto, 1 1 - i v o , i i v o , i l l - v p , i>!3i, ivjjbr, i b A S - 8 , i f e f e ,
f n mi? i e n i i?vs mfimft mfm rm m t f ? l o l - v O , 1 i 8 , l i b r - f e , .^^v,, . ^ ^ 8 , 1 8 i , I f t i , I f e f e , VOOI-VO,
uf%5ien ^tfim?fw mtneiu^ itu ffi ftwrn-vfl ftw? VOO<^, vOftbr, ftol, ftIO, ft<^1-vO, ftfeft-vIS, v f a S I I
i m fim^ i l l i e n i ?fmf m m m% iHm m?j?t A. S . Bazmee Ansari (E.I.^/fUnmujimn

ie?t i f t i / i o f t o I t e i 'mtmm? SeteiT mm i e n ^ m ^^.fvsilv^t^lH ^ f r ^ i^jî^ ar;^\j>l r.. " ^1) 8 C i i
m t l mf?s ? s e n n t t ? m i f m t i f n t i i^cn i im fiit i i v o o ? - i b - o i f, s t n fifâ mmf f U i iiti, f i f
fgrnmuvsat I va cin, 'Sifii va mwitn, ftffi vg fumm fifii i
tm utf stm? nfb num Rum -if f^m- w?ifm i m I ib-ftft f%tcm? c?ff?S i t c o ? n? ^^c
itmfi-^ wu Hfim mtei (mt, mtit i f e o b r ugtw i f e 8 b - i f i i f m mfitff, ?m mfm fwm (m?) uumft
t t e i f U f . va mu mil mtif ^ m m , i i , cmmt i f e - b i l l f l l ? m n c f n m m^l, uuut itc i f t uti nt
% , ) I ffi tit I t i i t f ?tw?tei? stfitm. 'mtifSm-f? i t m ifiitm 5tc vob-uti f? mff m m cn cSi? ^^c i
Uim m - n f l e i t n m mt i e n i m m mtei U ^ mtl f? mmmtn' uc? ififsm wtfum-f? m l
ifimftc i i , v b f e v o ft c g t i ifiuei nt tit f i ? ? t f ? i t n t m m mm ufi-vfl? uu?ci cig ifiu ^tn? ifwt
icm fifi I if? v f l t tm n i w f mwc? mfiif Sc^ (mif. i v o i ii) I t#inm? fim m i i^m-fi, um
it?ific=i-t nt it<3 m S i ^:e >^fufintu^ ^ fiu f f , fimn m i fiitff? (f? wi-<f tfimm
m btfe ?1?t iHmen i fif fci? utfi? S n ftitc? inftmrt t?f?m-? cin fiuf'?-f? mfti ?en) i im
tntf fiiem
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Contents
llj%*ttff? f f f
stfim fmm m "wt'-? W\M "mmfm-tnm" % n ; ?vam f ? wfitc?? mfn Uff i i i ifiu ?n
tm ulwp wmn cnm im mm mt itu cmn Sufi tifitcn l i f u m ' o u i i n ?>am f ? nfmcn mum
S c g i i l u o I iiitic<i tm Sufi? mwuci u?ntu uu mm fH c?w? U I ( u i m r r c Q ? ? C 5 c?w? t ? ) u n ^ tHu
U 5 } m m ?tm*nmu Sm? uftc u m ut i mmfm tnti-vira cmmrf? mi?f?i mfiitcn mfn Uff i l i ucn n t im
fim mm rnm? 'm?f'm-mtf? m f i ? f5< cm?s f i i m ? i mft f?fc?? uwt mm ?Tm f ? fiucw few CUim ? s c n i
tifuc?? mtl % # 5 ? f l ? mm? fmm? mu? tu? i n fH ?cinn mrct? fiin-'fl? mfn ci-mi%m u uuf
cwrii m m mm? # f ^ ' ? - f ? 'mm itc mu mmmfr?? f i f i ? n I tte?wen. mft f ? nHen fieu? Siff ê?
??,??? fic?? I fmt ?wic?? .<pi'f 1 n^ ?m???f wi^li?!? fH cU?u Snum few tte?w umt Hen i i n tte?wu
?m?tm ft?? m m ? i ft?? wruc?? cifi ft?? f ? fiimt? fitci u?iîcn mc5f iHm sfm? mcmm wu f fifs
m#iu Tt? ufiu u c ? u ut? fault mfc? ? m t ? ft?? mn I t m i? fH c?f?ffcn mî ff^^m? i^fim
m ? ? I lilt ?f??ic?? cmciu titr?? ?4)Uif?f um??tc? fif? n 1 m?f??i i n fH i m cnriH c?m i n - n
ff?m, mmtn c?mt?f?i u m U f f ufUm, mt?; f&fi'smt mfn f i f f ^ m ??m? i tHfc< mgf5 u i 'mtme?? mp^
?j?uc? fifi? itc? m% m t i ' l , f ? f f i f ? mmfuo ?w t3|Hiten n m mrm ûfi?; mrm mtm i? limtiRtn
m w ificn I ?m'^ ftmtc? m c ? c ^ U f f ufic? ?fiu ?f??i?ft tvC?wen itc"i)?tt??i ^wt'S'm-U'Qm i?twc?? um i liftm
mc? n f ( I f f ) Sufi m ? m i ^îs? niuft? mm u m fH ?ftc6? ???tn f j f (cic^ttf) Hf^ n f f SuH
i m iTUft? mt 1? I f f Uft I (mu mfwt m ien 1 viitm fH iff ??uen mfum? m^f^ n
?f?ui?5f?? U l f mfmc? Iiti <i)ift u m m it?lfl=i, cn? n t stm m I t i ? lilt mmfi imtm mfifi uci? i
? cffvsm um, f i f u r n , c u m ? n um, f ? f ut tmtfi i uwUi . i f ? ? c n m?ei f m Sw? mmm i? ?jn
.ittmfm mmefi?im^fl?iitusfiSt ^ fpfumi n I
titcn m m f f f mtffm ff^^f?mtcn fiwimt-iiimff - i t% tfmt ;ciriif ?i fHuii ?m, fim- 'a
i f ? c ? n t u m t% tfu citmtf? mtw? stut - ^ f f ?
Sf?it? f - Q u f mm j tilt mmci c?n ?H m^fi mr,
m???ic? ?u ituflimm) i tii?tc?? us tt f i f 'sm? mm fUHu ien ?r?itei? i e ^ f f tifim cmmtf?
fif?'?-f? 'mf?f f? ??un f ? f flcn Uiu u m i u i c ^ f j f f t u I f'uf mnm i?ît;?n.ît ? t ? i t i ?
1? I t:iiucn fnâ stm f f ^ m cifm i ff? fsu? f? mc!^ r m Huusm wu n H t?c?w.imufim um m i f i
nfiw? mtum n^nt^ f f f mtfgm ntmsucn ci f f f t f e 5f ien nttîcQ? -?twm if?>itt Sit fH uen u
f f firm mficn mft Uitm mwi, i i m ? n t fitcn ?fiu m^lt c n I liitwu ?t?m m 'mtm? nuH iat
citwcu I t f f mu fim icni im fn? mmi tm c ? f mf nw ttm fmi? fim*m?i uwt f ? wew? mei n H
fif wtu m u I c? f m -i??f f n ^ ?nt?f î^c fm f i i ? Oi?? ?5en i mrê^ H??, si>ttcwi >*icf ?r?iti? iff?H
m, ff? I t f f mu mftâ 'm?f,t?mf mtfim ttc?f fif^ n 'i^tuTQ ^ C 5 cilwuf? n.imi mrct? mfn^
m m mj^ f i t ? ^ fiim? t im n?-itfi% ff? Hf, ^'t? mfn;nw?,mUtf?tu t?f?i r f m me^ iff ???rcn
fwiH U t m mcu csm f??cn-if?t? mfiu n t ttrafc mtf? ftun fifa: n tifif?3SpjfH i wtirw irffu fiuei
Sm R?ii? im? mmci nit? mtrmtnt iH?Kn i tuc m? fifim Sm ut vim? mft? tifir? wrHc ucn n,
fm m, H f U t m mfficj tm sjp ^ fl? i m m ît u?iicn i 3 t va fif'mre? ttm ufiu Hucn i ?m
?nftifv? c? mf? f f ? fn tm f m it^f? mf?t? ^ c s ^ s UIU, ^t litmw 1 % ! % ? ? u?itic^ u wtutu cmrntf?
c5? u u m I fim um fu?? mi ? u i i itc mcsf fiim u< f m ScBfcij i t?c cmmtf? fifw fics?
Hfnt mtu m ? n ?c? ifiu fH Hfiucn, "itc? f? wit-f^ mfim? ?tu ^^fti m?ir? vs emmtf iic^ ? e u n
^ ^W5^ ituci, titci m? fiutm i? m i uff ??? mt^f? u it?tfi=i t lit mfm u?itci? iai fime stmi
wm ituci n ci? ??f?? c'flflc^titc? i" urnitc? m^g? û iffc? mit cmmtf? i c ^ fwmi^fiu n-fim Sffin
fit mmci fifiuen, "mfcg? c!Sc?? cnt? ufntc? cn ?i? Itfi? I U ? uf f ^ ^ u utn ?fiu ît <it mni
ifci? C i U u m i" mn â m^cit mmci fifi?tcn, " ? n iHuflcni
mruci iim? uu ifnti c?, mm mffU utc mmm?
f sc? curm f??r Sci i fif m^cit i i ? H c?fiu m t m mt iHbd-m ?cn fstfii <,umt?, i i b r & H.
mc? ^{fci? Hti?i wtci i t m cmtm? va ? # i ? i H ^ ^ iiHt-> wiimi, i i a i ifimm ? f ^ ? fisf ?m? î^c sm
c?fiu fci? f i i 5 f mtm w m m f f ?nt "ic? i" cutiu 1? ftm m ^ - u m i?,fH ?n c'fkn 1 ?taitiei HH mifi^
tm ufifmi i f m Hsu^fiitiS^n?? f^ I ?f?itm, uuitm?,(?m umuf), ci, Swtit w f i,
men?? fnf, ^tcm u f ^ ium;#u cmm cffcn;
t?mf f i i e m
t.H. (t/b-V
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Contents
.Sff ftft ftf ml TOf I f r f ftft f t f f f f f*ftcff trgffff f t t f f wte? I c w t f iii'sttiE wfcffwtstt f f f f f f
f t f t f f f t f f f t f Cfltf I ftf f f ftft w^wif tff wtt ttt f t f fit^ttftt ttCff WfTO fCtt ibrA<\ ft
TOtTO?W T O # fttfttJlfctt f t f t f tctlctit f A ^ t f t t ^ Atc fAt a f f t f f A t I tt Atc l i l f t t f t f f W f t t C P t t f f s
TOt I fttftffrat ^ w t f ft. C f t f ( f t f t t c t fftft! Cttf fftfc? 1 f!!tft (iSibri f ) Ttft Ate WtTttf W t f AAtCtt
f t c f t c t t W S f A t f W t C f t ) , t. A t ^ f l A t C f f t t f t w f t f t Atft1[fAf lilfttft "Wtfftf f A t C f S ^ ^ f t f t " WfTO afftff
ftftet i t A t f C t t mi f itc^Ht A ^ f g t t J f x g f TAlCf c t t t t I AtttC?!
ftft ftf f t t f ^ f f f ' ^ T t t t Cff vQ t 3 i t A t f t t e f AtAt A f f , l i l t f t W f T O ' S f f f a f t ^ f C f s f f t t f 5 f f t A C f t
tfttt, ipfttf Wfttt f f t f ctt m t f t t f rtit ftettf ft. f f t e t t A f f ^ f f t l i i t f s tftf? t c ^ t I f f f t f w t f t e t t A ^
C W t t f C f " f t t A t ^ - t W t A f f f - " t w t t ftctCtt t t c a f t ^siffTf t f e t t w c f t s. t t f t f R ftft t c t TO m t t A t t
f f t t t c t t I WtAfCW f t t f t t l t f t WtT ftft f t - C t C f ' f If f Is ftftft t t C f f W^ptt Sfftff A t tttCttAt f c t t ftft ttctt
' S f fttf 8' .slfft f S t t f f t C f t I f t f j f f c ^ T f t t f t t mttft fft ttft fcf I f f TOttet t t t c f A t t f t t t t ^ ftft
f t t f Ttt t t t t t ^ A t t tftftt t f f f f t f f t C f t ft^tCf t f t f t f f f tftfe I t A ^ f f f t "ttftAttttA" t t e t w f e t f t t f t
tfttftwtr I f l % f t f t t f e C f C t t I f t A t t CWT^ ^1tt t t 3 t Wt??St f s R
CtftTfTt t t t t T t t t t ftft f t t c t t t t f t f ffc f t f f t t f "f-ff f r o t t f A ' ttct#e W f T O f t t t f
ft f f M W t f t C t t W t T tAft f C 5 f i l f t t A f ttt TOt I lilt f f t t f atftt f f t r o tTtft f e t t I
f t c t f S C t fftfttt f C t f W t a f t W f t f f t f T C t t ftfCl t ' S t K ATRct f f f t t f f f f f t f t c t t f f t w t r o . t t c t w e t t w f e t
f W l f f t t W t ^ , t A t f w f i f t t t 'S AAltlWt f f A t f c t t ftft ro?f 'f^t f c t t , w i t f c ^ t t c i t t f c ^ ^ ' s ftrro f t f t
^^tc f t t A C t t W f t c t T C t t ftro 5ffCftf I lilt a t f C S f a f f t t t f f t t f t f t ^ f f % t a t ^ f t t t cttvstt t f ^ t f s , f t r o f f
ftttct ft^ f t t W t 3 ! , t f t f ftnttt ftft WtT WTttfC A t l t t tttt f t t t f f t C f t f C ^Wtftt-WtCftbtt f C t t I ffft W C t f fft
A t t t t fcsfCtT TAtCf f ^ t A t t C t C f t WtT f S C t Wtftc A t f f l f I at^TOt f f t f f f s f C t t I f S t f f f t f f ' S C t C f f f t w t t f t f 3
ftftc W A f t C t t C t t ftCf-fTAtCf t ^ f t f f t f t t At f f t c t t w f e t f f f f f t f f?ltte?t I i b r o i fSfcTO f ^ f f f t
W^Wt fttfttTtfCt frftCt t t W 3 ftfftCft WtT f T t f , t t f f l f f C t t I ' f t t t t f t t f A ' -3 ' t t f t t t t t t A ' ? f f t t A f f t t e t t
W t T t t f t f C t f t w f f t c I tAtCf A ^ Wsf 'S m A t l i l f l f t f t f t f C f t f wtt f f f C f C t t f t t f f f tct ftt f ^ ; At
ftftft f RtlCAt'S a f t f t t C t t t t A t I fft W f C A tfffftCft, f t r o WtTttT t M t f t f % ^ A t f f f t t c ? I f a f f t t f f p t i r o
" W t f t ftcwt c f c t tfftgr- lilt c^tctt i ^ t c t t f f f t tf, w T t w f c f f w f s t t f t t e t # W f f t ibrA\ ^ê t t f t t
t t f e a t t f t t f t f t c t t f f t t t w t f t c f c t t t c t t t t c t f t t A t e t e t t f t f t ^ f f t f t e t f t t T T O t t t t f c ^ ttwt f t e t t f
t f l f t f ^ t C f w t f t c t f t f ^ f f t I" WACtCt \stAfCf f C t t C t t TO. a t t t f ^ ftfT f f t t e t t f t f b A t C f t I t r o f t t t
f t ^ t t ' a f m C f s f At I t A t TAtCf a t f ^ f f t c f s TAtt f ^ l i t C f C t t f t f t f t f f e t f t t f tctitt I ffft iiit fff
f f f f t f f f t f f t C f f C 5 f f ^ f -sffct f tfff ftft tAt A t t l f ? C f t ct, i r o W t S ^ t t t t f R t t c t T ftft C f t f " f t f t f t
afTttTR f C t t I TAlt w t t f f?f, tAlt f t c w t t f t f f t t f e t t f t f t i e t t e i t t t t c f t t tftf? f?CTO I
fttAtfCtt f f t t t W T t t W t l f f t t t t T tA?St I W t l f f t t f f t t t t w t t f f f titttet f f t c t t t e w ^ i ^ ' s t A f t t i t t f f
( f t c t f ) f t ^ f C f t f f t t t tfgt I ct f f f f t f c t f t t t f f t f f f f t t t t e t A - ^ i ! f t f t t f t f t t r o c t t f t I fteffct fttff
fftttf^Cft f f f Q Affet, " f t t ' W T t - m ftttf A ' S f ^ Ate TO-ctwt f f t c t t f t f f f f f f t i r o f t f f t f t f ? ^ t f t
f f f t fittt l" f t c w t TOt Ttett ^ t t f t ft f f tt 'S f t t ^ t t c t t f A t t t t f ^ t t C f f C ^ f t f ftft ff?ftf?Cft I
i'^'ibr-m (ftftf t t f f ? - ? - t f i i b - o ft. m t WTtt?
^ ^ c f f f f f t wrft-ftttt-t fiM W f t t e t tAtcf W3 fttitt
ii'\(i) ttCf fft TOCt t t t f t f C t t I f f t c t t t T f T t f t t e t t t r t f t , ffftAt f A T tttCtWt f t t t t f t W t T t ^ CStt f f t t T ' S
ftft tt i f A t t ' s f t t t c t f t c t f t ctttte W f t f I f t ^ "^f^ ^ 1 f f t f l ftAicf f f t , "wttcf
i^ft^ fift^ Mmn^' ( ^ v J i_.L, ^ j X ^ ) 8 c t t f wT^ f f c f t , w t t f t t f t f ft^wf's w s f t f t f t f c t t
lilt ste^ f f f ftCAA tAtt f C f t , f t c t t f f t f f t f t c t t t c t T f f t t f f c t f f t i" t i ^ w f 5 f ? w r o f t t t f ? c f t A t f f t r t ,
f t f t f f f f f t t f c t t I s t f ttff " f t f t c t f f A " t t c f s ff|tf " f f f f t e t t wtffwt! 's G # f t t e t t f f w t i t f t t f t f ^
tftfS I f t ^ tttt ffff fttfe f t f s f@ TO f, ftf TO f t t T t ' S m^, f t f t vs t f t t t t t f t t I t t f f t
^ttt atftff A t f t I f';ffff'S f S f f t l A t f f ^ t f f l f I ttTCt cttfet w A t f t e t f t t t c t t afctibttt c t t t f ^ e g f f c f t ^

f f f f w t t t , tffctt f i t i g f , AitttTttett wtttfW fttcgf, f f c w c t t t f f t T O f r o TO t A t f w t t t t C f t f I f f f f t r o t
fffftH lilfffftf Cftfttft fttc^f, f t f fctt ctttt tttt t f t f f f f f t t t TOt t f e f t f f C f t f t e t , t t r o t w t w t A ' s
f T O t r ^ ( f ) - m WtCAt W t f t T f f t e t f t f G i t ? t t f f t
fttcsif, T t f t fttfftifft f i t e ^ m t T t f t t ftft
t t f f f fttCftt
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Contents
?5U K l U;- viit muft? Hf%c f i t c n '^1% itcei s fim

i f fc2[? f i m mm t m m n H f i c i f i m j^m iteei Hi?, f i m itcei "Î'm' (f^) n t mt f?m?
m i" titt t i H r n n # i m i ^ f l i mm i c i i u m i ltcci f t I f i m ? ff%eun ? i im ?m ituei, f i f
t # m s?fcn iti?c?tu u f i m ^tm 11 Ts^mc? m i m i <i<i^ 1? u t 1
i m w t i i m I ift 1U5 villi A l l i e n cmt i i f u m fimtf'i-'mrm-^ urur u f r r f i f u mH n f i - ^
I t t , m m f i i m? i m H viiiiva i f i o j ^ m m u f t i i tm m i m i 11U1'? im i i H c m i m ?? iusen f n t miu
vs v t t m cwjt mm f i f s'm f i f i m - f i viii i ^ - m s i - m mm S n t f t m i f m i 'flt iie? mm fii'm? m i t t i F f i
u*(s^ t f c n mmcit viin m n n m i f i c v s c n mi f i t u sjficuf n r n n n t i ?m i vir^ f n e ? tif cifficmf n
f mfg n e n c m i ^ t imei C I , tit ^ f t (i-j-c:) n t ( ^ - J - ^ )
i f i f t 8 ( i ) Alexander, J. E., Shigurf Namah-i itifiime? t i m ' n t tm'-ci vi(i3} ?se^ ( f . fen ?'^) i
velayet (London, 1827), m m ; (1) Buekland C. mi-^f?wff f m m'fm i e f i f t ? mtHufii mei?
E., A Dictionary of Indian Biography (London, mH 'mitifH cffnten i t i m ' v f l n c m ?fei mf%c^
Swan Sonn, & Co. Ltd., 1906); (vs) m cUltm m n e n i f s j u t ?fm mHcf m m vfliH n ? i t i m f ? i t f
n m m f , f i f cii t i f i t i S g f i fwt (mm liiitcvsf i^m m ' u i ? i Hm-um) i f i m mt 'mrfii-'-n i f t
iHm, VSI i t U T , io<M U., mt) i (s) Mohammed Sudrul t?irîm, I t f i i itcci f?1tf n t tif itcc^ vfliH m i
Ola. History of the Family of Mirza I'teamuddin i t i f i f n f f l ? viit m u H viit f i c i mfifo m ? f ? cwm
of Qusba panchumobr (S. C. Sarkar & Sons i c i t w j ^ê itc?, cm fici?'gjet'^'^^^fii f i t m u ntfief?
Ltd., Calcutta 1945 ?) i (ft) 1tfii:mi m f i t e n , f f l i f f i S? c w i t tit i e U w T (viit iU?H m f f i i l i
f i i t c u o u u (Uf W mt, m i i ^ b - i ^.) i i]tm i e n ) i t n rn^-vfl? ie (fiuf*?-'mrm) "iîi
c u i t m n e i i mf m ^tcei v i m em ? f ? f H '(m^) u m ie? c m m%f f i ?
t^^fwtf (f. F M F ) U " vflt i^tfift* mt mtm 1 ^ f^H^ 1^ cua icUi
?5U 1? I fieu^ <tt4jitcvo t u '"it? ititci s m I f f ? , i m
t ^ T f f ^ (dL.1 J 1^1) ? mi'mf i e n f a F U f t ( u i m ) i
Itu, "titfliu,tic?tumHîti f v i t i u m m f
( c L . - j - ^ ) f f ite Sf, viit imft m i f f % i c i f i i i n
f i i e m i i m e n m i i t i i e i i m f i itcci i i f i villficvo (ex nihilo) f u itc f H f i c i i le^ u i m i ^ i
(2rffl)-'iii f i i f m f i , um ite ' i t i ' (eternal) l f l
m m , f ^ f f i i (itltfim)-en ie mvs? (genesis)-<ii?
t5,cci f l U s m f i i f m < f i i
mfie^^ftf? w e < ?fi i m m u m n f i c i i i e ? i tite
f ?mt-vii F f < l i f t ( f i f i i ' f i m ) m m i u ^ u e i c m ? f ? m f % f i m c i i c i t f f H m i u i ? i tn?^-'fl?
imi^ l i i i f i m - n mft i io % i i v s muei m u i i e i ie "?H c m i m i f i i n ?Tfe?ei c m f i i fH- i u i ?
m n ' i - f i m i - u f mm? u f mivsu fft u i f i u c n vsc? m ? i ] t tit H ^ ite f t (Uvs i t u m'î^'m'Si f i i
f i f ? ff% I C ? mm fiemt i f i u e n i tm i e t m i m i ii?H muffi? m muif fi?- i t m ' t ? ) " i fH mmvss?
m i itcei "mi'vsu i f i e c m i m i m i i u i m (em ? f ? mHf) ?fic 'ntttuen if??en m ? f i f f ^
m i f f f i e i i l e ^ vii?^ citfiitc? cifUFi mift ?m? u u ( l f l - H-mirm)-?tf c m f H i i i m t i ^ va ^
t m m ^ # 5 " (vsu mifim' tifnt? 'mu'l-'mtitfi'l-mtmf) i miu t i n ^ f m fiit mwf? u muf I
"til? ff% i m m ? m m - t U itcei m^ f i i ? mHf it tnt', f?' n t mifi-vfl? f i m t n f ? t ti'm^ c?t
u m i e ? m ^ f l l u" (mrm iTj^-m-Hi? i t m m m t i mef u ? m i f n t c n cit iie? g t u A . - M . Goichon,
m mr? m m t f ? ) i i^t cwt fm^tc?t itm'-vii? mft Lexique de la langue philosophiqce d'Ibn Sina,
tifim-vii? t n t f U fiuwm i clcil>*It n H mif??f? ,vit?5t ie^ ' S i f f f v^ i f f t e n La distinction de I'essence
ftfif i i t i I C ? I ' m i m ifSmH ? f i e i = viiiH wifr? et de I'existence d'apres Ibn Sina (g. H. d. t.,-vfl?
if??i fHo I C ? , i n t e f i ^ ^tc ^jfe S ^ i met \ f?i%) vflit Livre des Directives et Remarques ( t u m -
tm l i s 1 mrnte? meu c?un H i m f i u i m ?Huei, vfl? m m , vs<ivs, i)<\<\, o\rb f m ttm) i mtf?ite? "Stun
f f i ?Ttut i % f e n c?, mtm itfcn ^ l U n i e n (fUfm^ u fH" f F i m u itffvs t n f u ? i ^ u i f i i citfîm
I t i f ' 1 - f i f ? ) , i H "^c (^su?sm? m-vsuim), i H mt?fc? i l i ? i f i u e n i fH f? n ? i t e i ( f u m i t f i i ' ) mHf
i? mmre mi i H f m i? f m i titei mtufti vfiiH fl? u viin c m ?fei uHef mtncn i f ^ m i - t i i f i ' m -
i m i e m i ?m'5ei, u u l i l t i?rf? ^5tcei n t u u ifime? u u f - C I mi-tiUf'm-ii?? u u f ? iH f m i H u e n ,
fi?ftm ff%? mf?ii I m ? i T vitt ime? f'mfiifen mm^l cic?|v*n; iteei viin m^ if^jut ?nte vii^ ?fei m%e^
t n t f fiiem
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Contents
Hoo
wm? W l ? mie -flt '%n5 9mm % ?t; cm wtiHit-Sc?? c^cgt icifSii 1 wt?-?lfi?ilf ^ê?? ?eu
n t n itnt^ wn nmmt n i t u cm utwt w1%fn ^c? ii#t if?c fiu Sen'icn [fm i ? f f f e e f f ?
% u I cunf utcn iismtn mt mr n u , n* wsi?wi?mmScfiienut, t m ifne ff? cmf???
n t^mjf?p f|i%f Stmcn ( t n f ) uuesr' gtt (fiHi-) Seal icn I tm ?e ciffii i i t c ? c? f f ^ iietc?iu mm
uitm tfert^c usr, n?3 f ^ i wtmms? m m wcffii cwm'G ifl?t?ii icitBfi itc?] c?, mifmim itcci
(u'ft) itcci ^ m ' M i m ? t u 'tm uHi^ wm? uc? Uûumtai U i t ?ftuei t^tÛfi^') I m l ? f i f Stiff? 1?,
w?? cm ?f ?5tc I v f l t wc< t i m itc^ci i n ? cm nm^ Suninii If, n wi? f i f , iflt ci^ f t f utmif^ 1? 1
wfe^ wt?n mr ^ftustc? c?s?5t ?a? mt ifitm? f i m c?iifi f i f tnen wnfmim w f ^ e ^ fc? w f ^ m^ itc
itccfeL wtfifn I lilt wr3?fnst liit wc< ?? c?, tir ?u5tc? itc? u I t m m i , tîcn i k n Situen wtci? ?eu
w1%^ u w f % ^ ^ ^^c uc? I t m u'if ^cci, ?n t i f fsic^? ti4ctj5i I f l i f t ^1*1^4 mil ?li?ici rfut i f ? cm
w1%f m? uc? n iir ^^fum mr wf%f?? i ? u i ?f vaii<j>fiii<)j,î^ f ^ ^ u n umi? vîm-t mm w?ijt
m?im iftmiîiitlu iiium-f? wt?-uft fUfmrmius- f t I tit f ^ c?,. Ifln fi W f cm fif^ f t n 1? iffi
i n tuUt i i i ?t wtucm fjtUf s}?c? wrs u?f iic? wm ffffi w ? f i uf wf^fi? i t c im u I wf?if
st?ûf?Ucn "c?ciU5 ff5tf?;fifsj^gtt (Uff) ntuut
VQ titcn ?eu vflift it?mHi mmi wiHrni" n t iflt i i m
HI? cmHsf ?mil??rf3 ?5cn n ti!ci cn? ?Hu n fiit?it m i f i m i t m t m i ? t wami 1 fut' i f l t mim
v f l n I f cm wt^sfmim f?iif ?ci ntmitu f t 1 w m -
iii?t mr wi%f m uc? i" m t n ^fm ?nt ff?
?t wi?-uff Hrfiucn, "UU fif stcuwf? ?<? ?? tm ? l f i ' ^ i f ? mt^ f i m ' itcei -fln mm um Stif%
?m wf^'^ ?n (f?H?) U 3 ! I um ? m wf^'^ ?n m i w?Hfm (wim-mt^3^ 'wrfim-'wtm), neig C<MI ^!f^<j>\oi
wf%c^ wtf 1? I ( f i m v f l t c^;??c? ??) r uq?v?u? ^^?lc? i?i? gt fi.c'vo? i?? ?ie? w f ^ m? ?tfie un
f i m - t n f f t (?tif?s) fiicUBif? ? m ft?ic?" i t m m u 1 mStimn t tim' iteci iflift f?u?f? fft n t
Iflt wiuft c? fm?m? w n ? R r t w?8? mj sM? ?sf?u mm m'm' vg mvsuft? s? cwt idtwr 1 m lU^ - f l n
f f ? t m I f l i f t m'f? mt ?jtuf ?scn ifl?t Seal ?scn c?, cm m ?? I t i t v f l i m wHf m^ i t w cin t m iff?
tir "c? ?fc f n ? f ^ 1?f^ um im? ic? g wtm wtcn uue? wf%f i m ufic un 1 nuai m m t m
titc?? f f t (u?ff) i c n , c?. f f ? mm mr i ? fern, wl%f i m .(^m?) nt mm m ? u u (t?it') m n icn 1
m?i?m u ?ffm-Hfm icn u" m m t t f i m ic? i v f l t wi^mft wm-uf tm uitfi'?-im i c ^ ?i w?jm,
fut "f?' t n f m tfU'-? ??fc<? ? f i ^ uf^ps; ifl?t tm ficil fus mtu'-vfl? teu iu4? iHuen 1 fut tit.m
wtuft? i l l ?m uff-lfl? ? f i srUii I ?f?c?: iflt ^ m n , iii1îei?u?c?fH?wfeifwmtim'êei
i m iuoe.i?m? ?cu if^wnc?? cm icuwf?m ut, tm? n t tnt' S?t 1 mm-ufi^ c? ?m fimf
wtmm^ f ? i ^ m c i m m c?, gtt? i m ? f c? t i m Sffi'f-fi-ifl n t i ifiuen 'm?f"m-itfi? wtm-uiuf
fir itcici t?u*, ficn tm i n c i ^ ati^ m? Hcfi tit Siftn ifnten 1
mm I w ? i j ^ i ? i n cif m? uue?? mr mufii cif f f t I t f f ? nt fim-'fl? n ? f?eu?it f'mfif Sn i t e
IC? n c? i f f t itfmi mm itcci t i m -nt t i n Sv| I titcn ?e twf?^cci ic^ftisfnt mf%f fft? wci?
w?iit t m ' i t c 5 ^511 ?5f?c itc? t ift m?flit-tit ^c m m uf<fmn wîfff 1 fmHmien
?f ifl?t wtm-ifl? wfif??im S^sufiitf immt (u^) wf%m i t c s e i fft ite nm nt? i ^ l ^ 3 f i l t m U f " ^ m
if?jti if?u ?f? uûu m?cnrnfiuimSi? i f f l !
VQ fiitfi I U I titcn i f l t nutft Hm muen cstt i u
mi'mf nc^ m m f i c i f i t fic? w?1%f ( e x n i h U o ) 1? iit w?iT tim'-ifl? wmen ium? I C U ic u i
f f t c i ncsft f t ?f? iflimt ( f ^ f * v3 i t ? f i i m?t??ic? tit ??? I U U f f ? n, t i m ' - n m u f t Ufi- itc
f m I U m n 1 mm-ufiitf itfm -s gasmen mflm ^n i u utc u n 1 iicuf^ft ^ ? f ? f n c f ?
icu f m iflijin ifntcn 1 iicu^JFft? f ? ? ? ? ' ^ itcci f?c#n, wu fici U f f iteef gtm u ^ ici? tfiuf 1
wim, cicu^fft? fiutf f?n itc^ci f?^ c m m ) 1 fici? iivstmn m m n , i f l n cm? f i m - n mu m um
n>? ?f"m5lci f i o ' ^ i u it?tci cucat uuu citfii wltsf,
VQ fifif wf%ff? I fif t n i l ? ? - v f l ? ?e ?f? gtt (itHu')-t
tm?? ifit? u??f itcci W f (wfvsm f?itf??) 'fl?t i i m mm (fHt?) m n n, n mm-t nm wH^^fm
wt#siim (m'm), um m? ?f mte? wt%^ 1 wtm ?fci muen wf^'^îte?? ifii:i w f % ^ i e n 1 wti'wif
?]f Wi? ?? f i ^ f i m I cn?^ c?c^ citfii (fum^) W5unt?wfUnigmtl fH, itumifi? t i m - n , um
ifiu n^5mc?t tm? S ^ tiiitmc? tm mm if -îcs n c?nft I f ? wHf iUm *itmit^ vg fîffis
t m i i fiiem
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Contents
n I f^wifum t i t f T v3 wH-fsti? liim'^?n wfimt i t I IHtfi?

m t ien c?, nw? fifei
n ? T 3 5 t i ; ? t '
m i ? w, tit t t t ^ c ^ w m^ mft m t cm ? f ? w f % f ?j?m I'fiu ? ^ wtne? ? f ^ ifim cm cif m , c?eif

m in^? wfnrsim Ffic tiw s " " Q ? ) i ? i t i "^S^f^ fi-ffi fifii
? u wtt? IC fi?i W I T m i m iff? im? wm?
^feg f f f t "sm" "su-t? ffHft mnt iifn' ific itc? I t m ite ifc? cft, m t f wttc?? ^ Smm
m t m m
(fill?, (2-?.,ftff)I iitte? i ? t ite itc? c?, c?eif iit mitcn fn ? i t ? i t
R. Amaldez. ( E . I . ^ ) / m f T ?fn CT, t ^ ' t m i i wfufi ^tc itc? i w i i m nw?

s ilfn wf # f ? m ? , fif litm fifei ffi if[? i ? i itc? fim S m Hme^ m tmt
( - 1 - ^ 1 )
iflim w< cm t ml?lff ffici

m mt i tifmre? mfff c?m i ? i w?jt?j imcn li??it, W M
i f ? i m t ?
I ifus ItHfi? H f U n H fim i i ? ie? (CT, f i o i f n

fif i f i f i " m ; t i f t m - m i t (^-i
iiiw? fif? lit fimm liiiw? fifien i m wfim wtci) i
o . i > i i ) fc? nft wn? win, itfn wfs fs iiHt, Itmf nt tmfii mircn ?
mnt? wfi?e? t m ? f ? c i
m m f
#f? I 'wHff mi? f m

i ? f (oij im mr Sm icmmen im?m nt fifii cii^fic wmmf fH ( 5 . ) o )
ffi fum ?tii w ? i ? r f if ?fi?ici,?tii mtnf fifiien wut i t ? f ^ itfic? iit f H i i ? if?m f^ f^
? i
wf??ic??it n ? i i t i f ? i ? ? m i ? ^ c ? i f ? w ? f f I c? icmiimi
?f fit?! ffici s I C ? iim?m titc
^ i i
tim'? wit?i ff% fi ? lilt mmfm i?% iH m
? < j ? i i ? i m
f iirc?? wfimt I c?ni? ifit "Sm ( ? t ) - n wmmf fic?fb ffi? tf I t f i i e i ffi ?i?ite? wrm
? t ? n ?
Sf^ nt ?ifi?il^ (i)-iii? i f i i T j i c i ii!ttc? ffi ?j?itc? if?mei-iit mf? fff? wu fi if?e itc? ?mm S m
wif??t ffiffiHf m i f i m i?if^ff%fiitc? IC?? i

itHntm wn ific itfic? ? liiitnt tif? m fm fic^Hm? i l l
n f t Itfci- it?tici s " f ffi iitcn fHmtf^ nt ?j?iic? wtm, i t i f i tim'-n i e m itHi Si? i ? i
? ? t v 8 ? t
? t i t ? i Sitci f f i IC? ( f . wm-fitff, ? i i f i , l i . , c?t mf^ n ia fH ?j?iic? wl??en wu w f c i t n i l ^ m m

( l t ? t f
wii?t wt??n f s ? t t ? ) I ??^ ffi? wit?i ffimt Wim tmf wtc?) wim CT ? j f ^ Hw f?e?nm ( w ? m j imm
fime?? i c ? t B f ? f???tf? w?i fc? ?j?itc? wt?n wfUc?) m?iit? 'hiH^n? Semmj n is if fH mfim i ? ^ ^ m
fi??ft? ?Ttm (c? ii*ft i?f w?ii ff

titci w ? i T
i r
fmtu n m ? if?m itc
? i ?
mm CT i S i ) i i
S m
iic?=? wf?tn wit?iTf? i?i H f C ? i?T ific i ^ Stitn ircw mitm mei ite itmci, titci t
fi?t f?m? if?c i t c ? I wltc?t iic?=?
mm I ?m litwuCT,?i?ite? wmen wu mitf
t i t m t f | [ m
i t i f i i Wfif? Si? wtf lif tft (?)-ii]?

I i t i i 1 ?
c?^ I
liiititft? if?H Hmen wu i H fiei fmu ??m? im^s
1 ? t m
lilt wf? i t i f i i i J ' f ? fiit n t t f f f t wttc?

ftn iHe itc? I fmu H?i?c??'wu wu i?# ^ n H
f m
i t ? i ? T f IC? I w ? m titci wic?imf?-sm IC?,

c?ffwm n H fo-S?t iiie? 1i^ i m ' f ? ?fie ?f?ite?
m m
c? i i t ? t i t f i % n ? ??itf wf?f wfcfn i c ? i

wtm f m ?T 'fl?" tit mtfi?nf i m ie? u i -flt iie? i?
mtfif witcms t i t w?l?iti, fif ??f ism?? f i < t > t < > S f ffi?
mnten fitit' mf^ iîn cm? i m i fif -flt fmtm
cwm t?ic?? f? wfmmcn Si? tsif i c ? niit ??tcn
H?i?? fj?itc? wumf ffi? ifte? ?j<iic? wt??en
m
f f i f ? fi?tc? ff fmf? ? f mntc? fifm if?c? t i t

iiifii ^ m mi mtti? ie? i mt tsi^'^ffiem fin
fg c?, lilt C T C I fit wtim Sit i f w f f n m ?ci,
^ CT, itifii ^sm icmwfim wc?mtci nemf ite
1 ?
wic?tfi nft f i ? 3 i - ? m f til iflilc? f??

I f l t
irt? muf' m w?nT mntm i m wfrie? I

? ? ? , t m i i
i ? t c?, S^ ffi ?tit ?j?iic? wt?n ifim ifiiwm

m i ? t
it?tc^ " m ? t ? i ? c n ffi ? c i " - w m Sit m i f mmf% i

t i t
( 1 ) Itmf wttc? c?eif if tim"? wu tmen f?
l i i t i i c w i c?ci Sit cm ? j f ^ wfw itc ifc? f, W f i m mnt wtmm ?fim cusm i?, itcst fmtu m
wn m???c?? Wfif W t m ?j?il? wfi?t i t c ? i m fgf^ i m mmfii i?ift ?fus tit wfcmn ufmmei im
iSi, ? f i S^ ffi ? f iimm itc wen f n f iii=ii<ti? itm itci, firm Hmntf mrf^n i f i e i 5 liii stm
w?ff oicwm t i t fiumi i t c ? f i wn S^ cwm
n nc^ftm wfim i m ie? CT i w u tmen wfcitnit^
i ? wfc?t?en cm ste?tw? i t c ? f I cm if iJ?it?<M1 lilc<i S ifnt i i i i? i iit nesftm
fifmtn ie?lwf? f i f, c ? n i1?tf t?lf wttc? wfim f? ?nen wu ?i?t itci i ifjii?le? iflt W f ?
? r < ? wif ie?iwcn wiH^, c ? n w ? m muen wf?, ivi?imiti, "Sm (m)-n Sf^ wfitf, u?ir?iifei wfcmn
i ^ wie? c?, n m fiHcn ? f i f ? c w T s til H'ac?iw% m im ^ mteCTS^ fH m^<f?iei ?j?itc? wlfica ift?
t ? 5 U ?H ffi? I t f i i i^sm wu Suei ?j?ite? wtfim mm fmu CT tfie1t ftf^ ifim itmei i liiim liit
? t
i m wfim i m wtci f i m ? tit f??e? mrf wttc? cm cim Sf<f ?tti t m mitei tit niie? tfgwfcim i m
tntf fiiem
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ff f M f f f Tf wtfwf wfffs? tifgf ftfftwsf a f c f w t tAf'a tro W 3 f f f , f f t f t c t . t f f C CtCf. ATAAfCt

f H T O f i l k f , (?fsft functi fro M ^ Atc M t t f f s f w t t t t .^lf3i f^ f f t c f t t f f f . . f t t f t t t 1 w m t f f f
;?t I ft? AJAAtCA WtA?R f f t A f t ftA A t T O f f C f t AC*II fAfS (fttf I t , tAf ff-fstt-m f t t e t f f f f t f .ft) fStfe?A
A t , tAf ^tCf f f t A t t f f f t f A t A f f A f t f t f l f c tftt ct, tAf' f ^ fttf cttf ct'sf, t^trotcfii!wtf tAte
A t I t A t W v A t A T f t W t t A "ATAAtCA WtAtA"-'ilA tfttf cfC5t f c s f c t r f t t t t f t f f t f, t t t Cf? a f f e t t wf f t t t t
fftCf t A t f ' f A f t t f t f t f t C A s f A t c f t r ftctf? ^ C t I i^t
t t C f f f t f t t ACA I A t f f t C f t f t t ( ^ p t l 3 J t t f t f ffCft
tttct t t f t t , A t ^ m t t f f ftAfett fft f f f f t wttctt"
C f t f t C t t c w t t f f T ) t t C t B f f C t t Ct, lilt t f f t f tff
f t t t t r f t f T fe^<Q t f mt f c s f t w t t c f t ftt atfffi I
f f t t CWC3[ f t f f t f t f t I A A j t f t f t f | t (ftSilMt f t t f t ^ # f f I
f t c t t f f t f e t tAf'-ro rof f f f f c f t r t A t e t w t f t t f
t f t f f t f t vR^v^ft A t mt Cf f A t W t t t t f f t : W l a f A f f A t
' f t f t W t A t t f t t w t f t f f f f s f C A f t S f f f f ^ ^ te I C f t f -
t f ^ t C f Cf f f f f f t t s t t C t t C f e C t ' S f t t T t f t f f t C f ,
f vQtt f f t ftsetff ^^f ro m t f A t attt f f J i t tro c t f
C t t t m t f f t t t t f f t t f t Cf t f f f f f t c t ^ c t t t t f C t
f f t t t t (res nulllus) ?ft5 A t t t t t f ttftt t t f wfte t f f t
tAt A t C f f A t t ? f t t C < C t t f Ct'attf f t t t t t t c t t ^ t c t
A t I lilt t i t t t t f t f t c ' t ^ t c t f?ttf f t f t e w r t t f e A f t A t i
(Atttft wttct fAtt f t c t f t f c t t f Ct^Sttt f t t ' Q f f f ? t l f f f t w t t c t t ib-ftb- f t c f t f t f f t 'fe^ f a r ^tf^ wfCB?ff
C t f A t f ) I CtCAf CAtf%5f^ff^ AtAtt f t t tTAAtCt W t t t C t t t t r o t f f f f t f w i t e t t f t t t f t f t c t t l w A t (wfCB^ tttt
t f f t f f t f t f C t f A t A t f f t t f t WACtCt ft efftCt t T t A iovs m t >>o8) I t w t r o m s f t ftf^f w t f t f f t t r T s ( - i ^ j ^ i
Atet, W m C t t f Ct^Sf f f t f t t tTtAtCt W t t t t f t f c t a) f ttftt f f t f t t e t f ttfw f f ' ^ t t f ^ I t f fT
t A t c t f t i A t t t t f t f f f f Pms, s f ^ t f f t Ct, f f f t C f c t , t t t f f c i v i i (., A t t t f t w t t t f f C A t fff%e f t t t f t t
t f f w f t ftftCA t t T f f t , f A t *[ Cft W t t f t W t l t J t ^ ftt ft^tfts f f a t t t f t t f w f t ( c t e w f t ) (5.)-c (wfc^^t i\Ho)
At I f f f f t i f f A t I w m a f f tAtt'-m w t r f f w f R t t t
. ( t ) WtTttT t t t A f C t t A f t t A t f t f t W i t t W C t t t f t f f t t a a t c f w f t f ? f ( f f t c t t c t t i o v s <Q io8 WfCÂfT t t T O
t A t f c t 1 fAft. f t t e t t A t t ' A t t c f t t ' W f c f t e t t wt'Qfft c t t t t t wte?), f f f t ? # t - m , w t r ctewftc wfctttt
t C A l Ct tTf%5 f t f f f t f e ? tAft f f WsfttT mt t A t t1tt3t a t f t t r f f C t H t f f f A t t t t I t A t Ate f rottCA f f l t ^ f v3f
iiiff& t t f f f f t c t e t t , AtATt C f t t w t t t t w f c f t t t t t mt A t t i f ? f ct, w f R t t t f s f w r T t t r f t t f ^ f ( w t f t w t t f
f l A t e f s t A t t t f t f f t c f tT f f A t f , t f t f CfA f f A l t t # t f e t t f f ro w ^ f f ) m t cttwtr t t r o t c f f f t
ftctf a f f ffîte ( f t t t f ) t t t l f C t I t A t t f f j j t f c Cttlft ATtAtet W t t t C t t wtr wttrt t f e t t . , w f c t t t t f t c t c f Ate
i& f f t t f t t f f S f ^ f f t t t c ? f r o f R t t f t W t T C f t t tTf%5 Attt<ilt f f f f t fACW l i l f t t f f f f s t t t A t t t f ? f I
f f f f f t <tf t T t A t c t w t t t t f c t TAf ^tcf c t c t t f f t r f ^ - 1 ^ f f t # 8 f f f A - m f t ^ 5te^ 8 "tAff"^-f^fs"-*^^
f f t t aff f f f f f A f t f t f t f ftCtfS ^ t c t mt 1^ a t t t ftt m s f t WtTtt f f ^ e t f f t f t f e ? , ( i ) t f f f f f , w t f - f f f ,
t f t r o afftlttT ( c t ^*|f3l f t t f fblt?f t t f f w f t f f t f f f t t t c ? ) f t t e f i^b'i ft., a t ^fti,-ft9[Mt wtcftfg ^5tttc? m t t e t
tttft ^ t f f t c t I C f t t f t t lilt t t f f f A f t c t t w t r t t f ftt tea ftvsb--88 I fff A-m f rot a f f t t f ? t f f ffc^
f ^ lilt f t t e t c t , A T A f f t f f f f f f ( f t f , ftt, ftiS.) m a f t f t f ^ f t f g t t i 8 ( A ) w t ^ f ^ f t t ' f t ( f . ib-Vtfeb-),
f a f f t ttAf C f t t t r f ^ f t t f e f ^ f f T O W 3 # f f f ^ w t ^ Cf fft|'f-ffW, ftfftt., ioA ft. (Fr. tr. by Fagnan.
fro # A w t t ? t t r o 2tf t t f f f t f w w t f c t t t t f f t t Q C f Le Livre de I'Impot foncier, t r T f t f i ^ A i ; ()
f ^ f t r t r o t t t t t c t t f t f % f f f f t f t e t tsti ffti C f t t fAf tff W t f t ( f . A o Vb-i <\-b-), f f t 5 ' f - t t f W f f t c f 1
ftttCf t f C t t f t I A t f f t t C A t 'iltt C f t f t t TA#t-m ft., b-8 t . (Eng. tr. by A. Ben Shemesh, Texation
Wftf% rottCf f t t f f t r o W t T f f t C f ATtAfet W t t t C t t in Islam, i, Leiden 1958); (8) tft f t f t t ( f . AA8/b^s.),
t f f t f ATffttCtt WCttt wftf 'Sff f f tfftt f f fCtt I f ^ f ^ f - W t t R t t f , f t t e f ivsftvs ft. ; ( f t ) W t f - f f t t t f w t f -
f t A t t t f t f t t f c t t , t A t f T c t , f ^ t t t c t ( t A f ) mm W t A f t f ' f - f f t f t t r f f t t e f ifeos. (Fr. Tr. by Fagnan,

f f f f fttt-ftft f t mt "trtAtct w t t t t " t f t c ttAf f t f f t Les Statuts Gouvemementaux, Algiers 1916) ;
tAf A t f t r o aff t r t r o f A t C t t - f t C t C t t f f f f f f t Aftt (p) f ? t f f fttttttft wtlf. N. Chiha, Traite de la
ftttft A t , ttAf 1^ c f f c t t c f f c t t f f f w t f t t , a f ^ mt t r t A t c t Propriete immobiliere en droit ottoman, Cairo
w t t t t c f f f f t t t t s t c f R c t M t f C t I iflTSffc^ m t f f t t t t t 1906; (t) D. Santillana, Istituzioni di diritto
fttt f f C f t w t r atcfWT, ttAf t A t t ' t f f f t t W T t # f w c t t musulmano. i, no. 69.
f t t atff& I f o w f t c f ro # t t ' t t c t t w t r c t f t ^ fsRttffs Y. Linant de Bellefonds (E.I.^/CAftetff t f f t t t t t
t f f t f fttCftt
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Contents
wif?i-Sm? mf? mifi3it ^#i Hewei ifig i ?

j i x i i -lira mnm u tsRHfr i f tiHi mf Hn? w ; cm
Sm wu if ^ m 1 time?? cuitem? leu cm cntt
?f ?t R??ic mm mmt Heft i?t ; cm ?f m H w i IU Ifi uei u 1 Site gtmt ? 3 i uei s (i) tm i Sit
m m i?t I cm Hrnif'f-'mimm mHm irf mf uH ^c f?^ i w cicn fiue? iHm i u i? i (i)
it?ilciI mm cimjf%5 ?f1tciii?mifntci i" Hu' I Sit cien Siue? iflt?iei wm i?-mite cmttfftte?
t i m iT?n Hifftli im timim ( J ^ L ^ O I Sm mi cm m it?, fii nt ^ ufim m i m ^ a m v a Sm m fii
?f ?t finci umt i?t I t i m ic?? t m f ifH1f?i m< m itei? Si? fim fim itfim mu i? i ^flt ?i?ei Sitei
itffwt i i Itmt mt mfi mnrt fieifi ifist wt Hm' (ci '^j - '^'^ ^ '^^^) uci's wf%ft im
nf|H f-ica? ftmm ie?! ic?i i?t; c? c?ifm c? 1? 1 iftitcn wu timen f n cm cum Hffio ut i
mim Item ?=<i;H>ifi ifm i ? t i?, cit c?if?i m?ff e? fitm umi n H f i I ^ I Q mm mtuiwi i w
mi i?t I t i m n H ittfrntf ifimt mm ât mci t i m i f ? e i mtfo iHu m n i ifltwu i iflt c?, Sv? iîs
w?ft mntf ufeci fiHi (^ m n i mtfi c? mim ?f?va itc uHe? u nt Sit ifen ift ufiu ufiev3
'Sntiti^ itn I C ? , ti'im cit m?ft?-t m i ixit mci itficiu I
t i m ^5 cit nc?t itmn, m i t # ?Tf^ ifim nt mm 'm?il n? tntf? Cwt) i?f ffen wfitf UiU
Itm itfci? (Itm fi?^ g.) ffitm ic?i icn i mm t i m I t f i m iU itfnti itct "sfim wtfimfei i wiii
mfimi cwit it#fii cstm cffntt tim itfim item tm? Sitei wtftHufc? m?f? wif?3tt ite f^ ifim
I t m itfci? ffitm fiei m mfim itf'mte? i^ ite ifim fimei i
timei? wm isH fit (g.) (?i ?n it?tff) Hitf? mt iSi, Itmtf m 'Sim unmf mf^ gt m'wt
?#m cim it?lci I lilt m ff?ie? c? cm^s nftei Itit wtm if?m i? f? fiut ScsieiT? i u cmu
mf3jm if?m 'le? mm file mim Sm mftc?tim ?sen IS^ fiut item wu, ^% 'Siu-? wu wm
ffie n I ffiiH iflt s ( i ) f l - i - i t m Sit i f m fii vs 'Siu-Sen wu ^ê itc? i ifltiici Su fi iiten
^ê mtl itmtffici? wm Hitf? fit mt ?mtn Hmfimte fiw^ ^ m 8 (i) t f m (jij_ai)-fn fimei
'mtf mcit ififâ I (1) wti-iît8; Sm fii? -a fifim fii ntfn IU) w m i t ^ m 'Sfm u n ifim fimn
?tc mtl it^ mffiei? wm Hitf? fit i (i) itn"?- im ite? 1 (1) tm^' (jjian)'Sim-? ift itsfci f^ i^fim
ItmHi.; Sit itmm.f?m,ififimi3ei?fii.itcmti iem? m im) wm fiut im itc? 'Sim i m ifim;
it^-mffiei? wu HiiH fit i (i) rnitmi i Sit mm Hf Sm.iH i t s B f v g m n im itc? I mu^'-c 'Snt u n
miaei? fii itc mtl it^mtffiei? wu Hitf? fit i iHmi?iTsi i t n i u n ; ()fim (îj_i-gtHfim
nat im) I wi 'Sim.it^-Sen wu n t ne? fiut
() I t f t n ' I Sm tmei? fii ê mtl itstmfcn wu
imi
Hffi fit I ffitc? mten m ( J * - . ) mmt?^
mi?s iHm ffi I til 11 id? mf i#nei S ^ im i St^gmm t i m I t f i m i? mffims wift 'mun^....'-iat f'm'
mien (it??in H?^ g.) m i iflt?ici tîitim-iflt i t i im m?s if?e n i Sit n t m cmf ifiu i t i if?e
S?iei?m< ntiiiffm i j^^^JLi J A I m i ^ u j ' j - ^ i 1? I f'f-ftwf uei? I i mfei uu mutu u ft tfHu
lat S? mem msf iteei 'ci irf^ item wu t i m cifim i? s^ f'm' (mtmmm...) ui if?m mm m^ n i
itfimci' I mitm s^ f4iifci? fmtm iem m ien, ti?fei? wifm i'sH m? -ê fi? um iff'wtf
tmt fitcn 'Je^ t i m itfim itst i m ien (t?fi, H m w?ii iu I cm f-itn, i u i f u?m cfii
uit. A . W . T . J u y n b o U . f. 11) i muU 'Sims itn wt, itf-iTt, iff fim im (f. 1 8 ifei....itsi u n
if?e itei titfileiHl(H'a fint g.)-'fl? c? citua fms ifim w?fm cifni wfi iu, w?Tm m? Hft-fim
fiu t i m Ufie 1? I ifit?ii c w umi t?ti u n ut), fi-iaii tirH Sf%i Sim u mm (f. a s i-tiuen
fiieit tiuen fti iHm HiffS im n i w?fm cmiu iff fim iH^s. u ( . . . ! ) i it^mtf i f i g
im? cffim m^sui ^ mt (tm ift finm?' g.)
Citn mm Sf? u?jei t i m m s im n i msi? i=n men i fH tm if?ei'mfm .fci? uH m fie
ti?tei? C i t m iHm im n, fiH ?r?m im n nt g^ ifen 1 fiH "s^ 'Siu itien Scffcij t i m % n , fH wssi?
m'wt m mtit mtm im n i t i m fiie? mtnu -flt mm ft imtt?t cien m itftm cif? ien i Hf fiH item
C I , it^mtf C I i m m I t i mticn SCVTCU ifim isfms-?
SeRtru t i m u e t R , fH itum ?t?f? uum u i ? f ?
Siff ite mteien, tiuei? u?jei uftn -a It? mm^ ifim i? f *?-Hsm uei? ?i tf?ei uu mm u
t m f fiiem
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Contents
1o8
t n m i l l ifmm fi^ f i f m i m t i fifi^ ^tm m (Itiitf?

Tf? i%rt 1?i fen t f k n C I H T I mm? ? s f e ?tm i mil, ii, ftv!38) I
s , ? ? ?f? ?Haj m T f ? ?#?(? mtr? % n ' ^ ' ? - ^ ' - ' 3 wim Sim mitcn wii ti?m n f t m H i H m i
i m i% mm, w tmi a F a f m u t?ti ?t?i ^rc? t i t mtf, mfiif itfitici? mfi I cuiHipmmtm
? ? ? m? mi'wt ? i m mm? ifnt? ?? î^smi
? s m 5 mtncn ':ic?t t i m i l l ic? c? t m mtf itfm? ic
?tt ?-i^ if?m? Swt?u âim? ?f?at WI? m ? n i f ? ^ imfi?t^c?Hf Sir I t m ttit icsi? n H citm Hit? i
n (f. ftfff, ? i f k , i i , i i i - w ) 1 i t m ust mfm? l t d rm SfS ^^c? m c?, mfi? is?
i f t f t 8 (>) Wellhausen, Reste arabischen mme?? iem t n m mrri mfiim i n t 'Smm ifim timif?
Heidentums, f^tt? i t . , f. i l l i . ; ( 1 ) Snouck ê?, m8? i ?ltf??ei mm mrm if?e? i '
Hurgronje, Het Mekkaansche Feest, bv i . ; i r ^ mitc?? n mtci? me t m i i c m vfliH H m

Juynboll, Handb. des Islam. Gesetzes, Hh-tro, cieif fimmmtci icst i f s iâm i f i i t ? t n m i m?m
i8o i . ; (8) W. R.obertson Smith, Lectures on the tme? 1 fim ?jf i ^ mm^ i? m i mi? ?ci?
religion of the Semites, f ^ ? t . , % 8 ibr n; (ft) fil'^ ml?, t m i i c m cm? H m mîi t m m^f (?) ?fi
I t f f f????s i f t ? ^ w?Tr?; ( v b ) Burckhardt, itfcf mtfimcf, mf^m (?) m m ? ^ . ^ i - 'mtmmt
Burton, v. Maltzan Keane I f i ? f F ' q i ? 1 t f t f -
> n t 1 ^ ' I mm mrnm m f t e n ?tit u^t i fmt c? c n
(iX'Jstp. Itfeim?t1, Revue de Monde musulman 'mmm fimm % e n f ? i w mmm? IC?T 'm?rir itsc?
?|vif?<?lcimtfi f ? ? ^ , i f e i . , f. i f e b -
i ; (b-) A . J . Siff i t w t rm 1 ^ m m ê? i rnii wfift
Wensinck, Some Semitic Rites of mourning and f i f i ^ ( t n f?i^, m i - i r ? i i mf?, i i , fto^-s) i
Religion f ? ? ^ , Verhandl. der kon. Akad. van t n m i i i i t f ? wm S>si ^ i ci citn w m Sf ?sf?c?,
Wetensch,it?f?#fT: iitfi, Nieuwe Reeks, Dl. i b r , e? c i m t s ^ I c m ? f ^ it?tc6i, '?iff?jii (i) timcn
i?. ft.; (fe) f i f i f i m i f r ? f , tiir? i i nm
i t ? ? , m i d i m iHmcn' ( t m f i t f , wtm-itfi, i i , isb-) i
wml?S.; ( i o ) JuynboU, i]mf^ i f , f. ife ( i i ) A. J.
i . ; ?wfm ?if "8 c i t n iHc itc?, ifua Sir tm wm i ^
Wensinck, Der Islam, C. H. BeckerififSi, c i t n ?fim i U mr, e? Sf ifie? r f?mil i H m
11fe-1vS1 I iHc? mrm f? wim cimt ?3, vaiH cmtfif? f H â
A. J. Wensinck (m.m.t/f. itmtu? n nHm? I
(itimn) t n m i i i m f ? citiei? fc^ ? i i ^ im, cfn mftit
(fb -^M imft m?ff, mf ^t it cim, ? i i i f i m im, c ftt?^-^-ficmi im,"5R?i f n
it?tnfi,^_îmtft,w<mm cmam, fmm? im, ? f ^ im, i m f?tm V m'wt mtii wtm ifie itc? v ? i f f m
Hf?^, i f e , imf??tf ^3-^1 faram f3F?iff j.ij_^r'w< (1) tm? itimeifnimme mm wtm ifimen (tm
.n? n f t ?ii ?mm Itmt Pm i t m ^tm m (t?? mmg?, f i f f , wtm^mifi, i l , lo'i) I i c m m S i m wim Sc??
f?itfr 'mtm) i Scncii t m i i l l ifmm mtmt wr?ic?? i ? i f i n , "wm
mf?tf?i mt^ Itmf tmm:?? mfm: im? ?3f^ wtm i^mtH Sv?? time? mtia ifntH, f H Sm wtm wm
? n 1 ^ va 'Snt mm^ i m mro^ fm?^ m r f i f mnm n w iH?r m n t Sit wtm nw êmi i ? " F t ^ t i c i
f3Fmimi Hf?^ ifim m? i ? t Sm t ^ ?Hm ifi i? i i c n m m Scgi ifim fwt iHcii cieif i ^ w f m i ?st
m^ m % gfctm mm?, tnttm? if m< SMf? Hm f i ^ n H I U ? tm?, fut n s f u u m ifci? w u
(mtci firm if i f i ? m?]m?im mtmi i m (ti3p m?, f'm I U I I H I wgi? mffiu u i iHc? i c m ?f^
ctRi irf?, i'08) 1
it?tci, U f f m (?) uu wf?p? i ? mifiu u i i f i u e n
^ m f u f , wti-mfi, i l , lobr) I m ^ muf? mem i ?
I i ,
mtfmff m?iit?? t m i ? mm?, fim._S-wm:?? siimtm

mt, n t t ^ j Q mtia mm tnt? m # f i mm ^??T lfHu iti ifumv&H?! ^c? i c? i l l i i f t Ssi imnt
i f i m i ? cm? mtii iHni ifim'a ?jf^ ti?t? mfra c n tiR?i iti ific? t m i : ^ U itm:r-wt? mf?m?iHe?ci
^ fiu um f n t f m mte? u i t m wtf ffctp? me
itfic? (imi? mf?, i i , % iftp) i i t f ^ t m i c n ic-
mfim ?if ^ Hm m f n t im i t n I ifltm ^
1 ^ m 'Sim mim gtHt f t f ^ fm.mc^ i f s iva?it
/û i IC? ucn firc?? ? f i i t ? 8
tnt?, t? fill itfii?* ^tc? ( ^ mm-mmf, f i m t f i
f^mr tmt mmfti fi?irw, ift-ss) i irsrtfici?,.ic
i f s i t c i t t m i ^ m mte? f i m mf? m m i r f i , cicif 'cjCi i j j j ^ J . 4 I 1 1 " I , ' j i i ^ i _ o j 'gkJi
t m f Hm?m
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Contents
<\o(t
i w f?i^ ifiei fifm itc? m I mt? ?f? cn fmn mm

"CT C I I lilt mrsHc I U ff? I C ? mm mi icm citiei gtft fine? im?f m i 3 i fim mm ie?, e? ci CFSI
w I f m M , mn? wmi ?sn-f?m f?c?? m i cm?i i%?CTcm ftite?-??m? itci t i m itfie (ite^) i
s ^ mcsf? m fif 1?, mm. m i men n?, cmm mic?? ftme? mftcn mfimf i ^ mm 'Sim S c ^ mf
?j?fi mis, mrniint c!# mi? i ci crnim^ mfîi \ i m ie?ei? i ? f ifiei fiteivs t i m ffic itc? i cm
cmm mmi ? i ? " ( i s iâ) i n? t n 'mim (m) meat ?f2i ^^mei, m^fm. (?) '^tn %
n? t?i'mim (?i) mm, Scifi mil mi 1^ m
ff? i^sm wf HR?i'm m 1 nuo 'mtm (?i) mn,. CT "tnm mf cmt ime ieii iHe? m" (iffim t n
uf^ mif??f m ifn m mm t n n '^ti m i Swm mmfni wtR^H mtm nli? fim, ii, % l o v ) i
m i m m jiui (tm mmt, m?ftfi i m t i , ii, % Hfimfi lititfm fI'a iPrmt- iflt?ii fim i
lr)l Simmft I f l i t i t vsSntifft?ei cimmcitmmie?
>in m s f i fslns fii ffm i f i i t mts ?t I S i mm Sim mtw m m cn ?f? fim: ie?i i c ? ,
'Snrmf tnnm? cmifi if?m ? T f m ftm wfmi iemwieme? wte ieii ifie t ^ i e ? mm itci ci fim
if?c lie? m I -it we< m m F^ten t m i i v^nm cmi tntei i e ? i if?e itfie? i cieif Sit mm m?i?f iftf
?5en I Ititf tmii ?en, mitfii f i ^ m mei ft^ftfi 1 1 1 cm m? ?ifie?ei mtm wte ieii ifie itci ci
fif^ ^mei I D^sfo Itn i m Scteu mimtffli fn wimften iiiif^ i cm wmtfi i iemw?if?if i m
timm? 1 ? ( i ) fiitfio ftme? mfic?rniftnifti mufilei mftc? m mm i c u v s i e ? i mtm miten t i m i n
m 1?- 'mmit i (i) ftite? cicmm? mte? wift n (Itfim t n 'mtfift?, ii, % iob-; mti-it?tt' mi-
mfimft I mitfiici m i? ftSf* i () m mmt cic?ei mtt', 1 1 , % i v j s s ) I
n m IC?, mitm cic?ft I if? cn cic?i iftei ie?i i m tm ie? wift fci?
m'm cmm F^mt^ mimtft mf%m%m? m fifms mm f - i ^ itm mm icmwen f?m^f%e, cm
ftm mtt, ( i ) iffmmftcn mi fi-iitn>t i (i) tmfen i-fti, ^titff mtii fitm H C I ? wfie mmm, mitci
wmmf t?i 1 (\s)fiftmm?wmTS[n^ i (8)iwenmfntften t i m i l l ific ite? m I m? mtm si? mst m ?ei,
wm ' I t n ' I (ft) tmmtften wm mtmimi i iflt mn miaei? cm #?fm, mil, miten iciei -cm mffim m i fit
wfi?tften wm iflt mn ftmt fiitfi* i e? ifli miêi? mfmi ifim cm itfi? f?m? itei, ^f?t? f? ^tci
mfnift ifi m i ? miaei? ftm iei mm ie? mil itci cit mm C I R mm nsit itei ?f? t i m iicn mti?r ie?
mumften ftmt ite? mm ftm i i n Gffft? imtit e? tm m ? f R ' f i ê C I t i m i i i ifmm i mm
mm 'mrmfen wm lat mn fit i. fiif? cj|f? w t i f m^[^tmfi wtmfen mgii ite? (tn f?t?t, mti-fiff, i,
mitm file? mr3e? cicmm? mftc? mifR ie? tircn 'J. l o v J s - l i f t ) I
ftm 1' 1' mmfR mm cicmm? ?tfic?CTcm fR i cmn tnm iici? n?ipm tm? men n? it? i P m
mimicns" m i f i ifvsmm, fi-mmt ^s f t - f i ^ itei? ? i mfii i # i
. <L1J SJ-AJJIJ g;-. II I j ^ l J tit t m mt|Itftm t m fttm? (?)-ifl? ii n? t n
"cmm mtm? Scncii 1^ vg 'Sim ? 5 ? " (isifevja) i ir?*^; t n t n 'mim? 'mrnipti t?fi f?m? (m)
Segfi mime? ?itiii mmei n? 'mtf ^s n? t n ^5tc iflt?ii Sf^ ? itmci I
f ^
m i ^ (m) fwîfi itm ien, " i s B t "Sim mt^ i m 'Sim Semmi t m iici? cm Hfit mi mt iCTcn
i m cmim cmitm mifii itc t i m i i i i ? i" tite i c ^ mnfci? mnen fm tm? ii? i e ? ci cn Sitei
ifmrn 1?CT,tmn mifR itc cicmm? mnt. i w "Sim t i m ?fm fimi I C ? (m?fgf itmti, ii, %
miten ft?i (mii-fift, \si, i f t i ) i 8fe) I m m ?im I t e i 'Sim t i m i i i im fmm i n?
f ? Gffft? w r t f11 cie?m iftei? mfimf i mum t n m ' mm? (m) ^tc ? f ^ it?tci, ?im mei iflift 'Sim
cicmm?CTcm fi? itc i e ^ t i m ffie? i m CT ? I % i t n im i c ^ n f i i (itfim t n '^tfift? 'mtm
I f l i f t
cicmm? mfimf ict m i F cm ii?ei m mften fcmi fim, 1 1 , f bo<\) I

m ?#?iei mm wm i^t fim (ite^) i mtmii file? fiiicn <3m i Sim tim i l i im iti?ii I
?f? cm iflift fife? mi?tffei m? nieici gtH titt Itmf it?it? Hmt I mmtmmtf f f i ? ie fiiim
ftm mmm ifnt mte i?, tit ^êi cic?i ^c famit ie? t^m i l l im mi?ii ste? m i i^tiei mmit fiiei?
ftm itc t i m i l l ?m S n ite? i w?ii i ? ? f ftm i? -Bf < fi?ei tnm i n im iti?ii i memit i m fineivs
t m f fiiem
t.fi. ft/b-fe
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Contents
T M <\ob T M
"c? i # f??r% i Sm fm u c%i cmm w i

mtmfkn w m m ^ i m f l 'Sim? iifft mn mm f n if?v3 u I crmten leu ifi cn ffS n Htu u m
m m 1 mm v^ m KRM Sim mni mw cit imm^ c5i uei e? fim Htu mtum miu f?m% mt fim
mn -m i mum 'Sim mn mfmm Sim fifî iî- 'mm^' fie?" 8 ihb) I
ipsf ifius mi mm mmen wm fifni i immfii i f i i ^ m fm I f f ? im mte? m i Sit m f n uji i
men tm m m m mm i t c i 'Qt[ 'Sim mm cmi f i i f % itt W l ? til mtei? fi fimi im mte? m i tmutt
(uPtm t n 'mfifti mm nfi? fim, i i , t(. 'JJOÎ-V) I mi? t m i f wiu tmif?% citei? m f n ifim fie
tntei mfifi?; mmfifi?;ieismiit'ief Sc#t itfie? u I .
itmei CI, Hfi?i If'sfi g t immi, nft is? fiit IJC? n t tmmft ? T f ^ wu m u iu c?, -gn, mmf<f m^,
mnft fmfg m m m i mm i ^ f i i t m m m mm m m m i?m?rnn-citui,m^ffift? ififssmr ifim ifie? i cm
men, mnsfi ifien mtapl, ms^fi flf% mtapl, m s i ^ Q f i mmmHc?iien8
iffSjm mfifn, m n n fim i ^ f i i
fiitmft fin'sfi timmit iii% cmtf
C i t m - "q^, wtm, itwrm, itift ^ | f iHm f i e i m i "c? cn v f l t uifiei^ i u ff? I C ? mm wu iem
ei ^ m cmwm men citm fimti i w mftm m fiu H ? ff-icsii, wum mmi ^ m - f i m fie?? ?ei i cmiu
m m ufiei cm fiif%' mt i umm u v s m m fi^ i w s ^ mew? uufifi? mm tiiwm?" (i s i^n) i
ifim f i e i u I m m f s f i e i u i m cum ifim i f n i v s m itîici, iftm tilt f ? i i ? fif uitm uit
mu utci U'mtu c i i m f s m i faîen wu fiisn I m 'mttu (U) n m fw^tfi itwi, t m i f
m f s mu utci u I ifiiten wu -flt ie fiiai m f uu uf%? Hit mm tm cm? ?f fn; ? f f i mm?, imtf
utci CI, I W cn fiiei mtiitm uei i t i m iimfm uf m f i ^ fi?; I C I I
CICI f if% m m mu utci u i -
f f u ufiitm % 5 mt iici cm mm mt i m fim? imfi i t m m i m
'Sm (u) fci= mi itmtci n t Sm mm mtsm ii? fif^fiiici? num mfiuei, c? m ?u us fi?neuu
fien I m^s ifî itmei, n? 'Sim (m)-'fl? wu mtfimm 1^ m mft fHim ?u, mTfHim miimrcn fii
itcv3 I t f ? ? ?m-cirm uHc? mim ue? i I^t ^jitcmi
i t m ^, f f i Sm Itm mia? itc? (m^) i
t m iHftm iftm m mm m^ C H cmtf ?w m ^te v f l i w i tmmfH wu fiuH us st, n , mn,
m?Tfmi um mtf m m . mite cm cm ut i iftmiei?
ifti, ili-f?fl umi I U fit??; ici i vflt m itft? f ? i 5 ? f
^ < i f 5 ?i m cuten cititems cm fiiH ut i ^4 m mu
^tm vfltsH mmei cm um cn m, mm^s m ie? m i m
I t f ? mitme? i f ^ i t c ue? i m u cm cm ie Sit
c? mn 111 mtfm? leu m ic? U I F Sfu FC? S U fiimemu
ilf?ii I e? mtutifikn ie Sit fi?; i ?fi it?iici, n? itf, iifcn ift iH^ mtm ?uvs i e? ff? vflt wtf? itft
t n 'Sm (u) t m iiimci f m f?ufiftiiei ^< ^ ?eii cnt?i8i^(uufi% n n m ^ f t ) , ItH, mtitf,
c?ift ?w mt l i e s , f i e n i flf% u?iten cma utfii ?m, cmim mm i?t?mft m, mrm ??ra iei i I M I M tnr
f?miei? n f i T i n? u'l t n mf vsmmm (m) f ? U f i ? mft u fiHcivs turn Ufici m i m8i? timmfm
t m itifim mutiuu imt if?m umtc? (<m^) i wu fimei? i:iemir itf fim im Hfi?; i cm mm
mmm? 8
tmmft? wu u i K u m mm, mti fm fffu cm, fi,,
m t wm?, ?ffm it^ ?tu, itfi fm itc ?t uH? . ( A J ^ * ' " V (A J - ^ ' V " P ^ u r ^ J ^ J
imte cm cm ut I m i iîtsfi f^finm. cm, i t fi?i?en "cmim ii5i tnrn itfic? IJI fci? fim c v i . ( i c n
Sm I c? f?ue fifm ut. Sir uHm^s cm cm ut wu Itm" (ft 8fevjj)I
im w u m i ?i imvs Hfi^ i ci?t ?i i m
um f|îî? im? ie t m i mift? nr i u utc? ScRfeij i t u e i v s Sm i H tfm imvs fiH?;, ?i i m w u
u I tmrmft? i f i F ? ê? # m cii, igeirciem c?fi i mtu imvs fif?^ I Su m im um, imnci mtu i?t
m f n i u , , 1 1 1 ? I U , ii?iî? iitif^ i ituf ie mm I cn v f l i U t if?ei mm si? miitu (i^Hf??)
fntfm f m m f n i u f i ? i ^ e ? u I mm m mm?, mmf? I w?? fim?f i? cUi i5i i u fit??; i c m
CAJ^ j^SL ^[k t^'u -"JJ 1
'J ^ V, n? wrfi? (u) ?'f?r i^cn,
. (i*t al ^ a < . al . j l I j j ^^ L J i U j ^ ( J l 2 # ^ 1 ^1
tmft fiiem
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Contents
<\o<\
" t f t ( f ) t t t t t TOt, f f f t t f tt cttt c ttl cwt wtt CttWt f f f f t f t f t t l C t f c t , TO f t f f t f A t e t l i l f f t f t f I

A t f t f , t f t ctttt f A t f f t t t tt f f t t t t t f wttt ctttctt CtCAf W t t t t f t lilf W t f t t I W t t t f f ffSiC C f t t f f f f t t f c t ,
fCRtCtl ffftt f f t t A t l" t t f t t f t T O t f t T O f C t Ct f t f f t f f t - ^ t l f W A ^5tct I
f f f t t ftcf f A t t J f t t t wf, f f f A t C t t f ^ f f 1 f A t t f t f % tTtAtt, Cff ttf t l t t f r o W t t t t r o s f a t t f f
Ctttv3 tJt f f ftlfl 1 cttt Att Wt?,fttilt ( f )->i3t f A ^ t t t t A t , TO t A T O t t f t t WtT l i l t t f r o f t f f C t , t^gj i ^ f t ^
ttft fCtt, Wtf ftff fICft tAtttttftctt tCf 1 Wtt f t t f l i l f f t f t f ^ ^ f f t f t c t w t t t -^tWt f t f f t C t t t c t T f f t f
tAftfft fIcft f I ffff litfft ttr ftt ctffc ttt I wtff tttrgtT fAtt"fftct WttT f f t f t t f c t t f f f t e t i c t t t w t f -
ftAttvs f f f S Atc litfft A f t t t f A f f t f ttttftt f t t A t t f ftwtet ffcft tftfe? 8
f C t t , f t t t f t W t f f f t f t f t t f t f C t t I wstt f f t C t A <_,j_a_a J - ^ l j j I L
f f t t t t r o f t t f f t J t f c t t I t t t t f t f f f f t A (t)-iiit f f f S j l 'Lisi^ j l (l_u
0 #
f f f o f f t C f f f f f A C f t 8 CtttCtt C f A f f f A t t 2tf t f f "Ctttef!t t c t T t f f C f A f t t f A t , f f ^ f T O C5t f t C f

f f t t t f l c f ? f f C f f t r o t f f C f t , f, t t t t t f f t t ! ffff TOffttt f f t f f t f f t W f f f t f f t A t f f r o f f t f ftct" (A
A C f t , f f ^ t C f t t C T O t t t , ttAt wtfft WtCA tAt tJt
8 ifeib) I
f t " ( t r o f t t f t , W t f - f t t t A , i t , % AS'l) I lilttCt Ctttt tffC ft f t c t t Ctttt liltt f f t t t tffC W t .
f f f t C t t C f t f t ^ t ^ - f f t f f f t t f f A t t t t ctt'sftt f ' f t f c t -^tWt f f f f t t C f C t t f f t f tttT f t T ( H f ) f t
c f t t t J t f f A t f t f I wit ct f t ^ t^sftftt c t t t WtAtt A t f t f , A t , % (tob) I
f f A t f t C t t t t f t t C t I C t e f f w f t t f t , W f t T O f , c t t t TO, t f f t A f t f f t ftew f f f t t TO f f t f f f f t t c t t t t f c t t
t f f , PttA, ^ t t f , f t t , f t f , f e f , t f t , Cttft, f t t f f t J t f ^
TO tAtef f t f t t t t w t t t t f f t e :5tet i w t f t f t'wtft
Wfftt ^ C f t c w t \3 W t C t t f f t t t f WtT ATt f f f f T O t t I tfftte?t8
w t t C t t s f t TOt f f f S T ^ t C f ^ f t f t t t t ^ t t TO, W t T O W t f
tt^sTO^ TOf W t t t f t t t c f c f t s f f t t f f ^gtstAtfs t f f f t i A ^
"ctttctt t c t T C f A t i * . l f t e t f f ATT f f t c f t r o
t t (ftttft, Wtf-fAtfTO, i t , Aon-Aio) I
f t f t f t A t e C ? W f t i t '{Atttf t " (ft 8 feft) I
W t t t f t a t t r o W t f t C t t tt t r o s f Q c t t -ft f t - t c s t t tfftctt f t f f t f ^ e t f r o f T t Iwtt Tjft ftroett t ^
f f t C f l i l f f t f t f t f f t f f tAtt f t t t f f t t t ^^Ct I wtt f f f t t f f w t f f f f t i t ^ c f t ^ t w t f f c t f T O Cftf f r o
WtttftC TOftCtt f c f f A f t f f t C f A!^ Atff ^ 5 t c t I
f f T . f t f t t t f f t e t I w t t ftftft f f T t A f t t t f t t ts^tt t f ^ .
t f f C f A t f C f f t f t t fTO tt t ^ f a c t t fAttf. êt (sm^) I
TO tAt ^ t C f tArt f t t l i l f f t f t f ftfft Ct^tt vsttfwt ^ t t liltt f f t i c t t A f t f f f ^tct ? w t f A t'wtftt f f e f f
^ t c t I f a t t t f t t A t t t f f f A ^ t t TO f I t A T O t t f t f f ^ t f f f f t t f f t f f t f t ^ f r o t t t A t t t f f f A t t TO I c t t t
l i l f f C ^ A^ liltt f t f iilfC3t Wtftftft At, TO f f f W t f A t'Wtf A f t t t C ? t 8
ftfft f f ' S t t f W t ^tCt, f A t t f t ^ ^ t f ' ^ f f f f S F C t I j - ^ j j - ^ l^-aj-r^tj (>(! I a I I J . A J 1 j,-.
f f T O ' A^ f t t t t f t f t (Ct t t f ^ l i l f t t A f C t A ^ ^
. Jj-'/ll -.V.tl .
f t f W t T O TO) t f f f t r o t \ 3 f f f T O f c f f A f f TO
"W?tt tAtf C t t tAtCtt W t f f ? ^ ft'TO,'lAlC'lt
tAt A t C f A^ ^ f t f f t f t t t t f f f ' 5 t C t I tAtt f t t
f t f f TO liltt t f f TO attftt 'JCAt" (AA 8 Afe) I
f f f f t f f t f T O C t f t t tffct 1 f t t f ASt vs f t r o f t f
t A t A t f t t f t f ftTO I A f f t A t f t c f ^
WtTO fftc ^5tct I CfA t f f 'ttff ^ t ^ t f Wtftt C25f tttt
^ ^ 1 # d J I I <Ju. < U I
CtWtt TO, tAt ^ t C f l i l f f t "?tff ftfft vsttfwt ^tCt I W t t
Jl (-a
f f t f f f f S ^ t t f t '?f A t f f f f f A t , CA t r o W t f A t f t f t
( t ) - i i l t tc l i l f f t ? t t f f t f f t f f t c A t e t I W t t f t t f t C t t
tc f t f f t f t f t t l A t e t I
t A T O t t f t t f f WttffltCt C f f t t f t^ t f t T O TO W t f "Att W t f f ( f ) Ate t f f AtttC?, t t f f f A ( f ) ffttc
f f m f t t f t ^ Wtf f c t , tAt ^ t C f l i l f f t f t f f t f f t wtttt f f f f t , tttt w t t r o cftf?f f t f t ftc^t f f t c f t I
'SttfWA ^ t C t I t r o wtfftf ( t ) - i i l t tc l i t f t f t f f f t f l i i t t i t W8tt f t t WAfR ^ ffttc f f f f C f t , f t t t f t f f f C f t I W t ^
t f t T O f f t C f f t A t f t 'SttfWA ^^Ct 1 t r o f A T T O ( t ) - i i l t tc f f f t t t f t f t c f t f f C f t , l i l t t cTro f f f f t f t t t t f t 8 s t t e t
fftCTO f f t t t t t f t T O f f f f t t f f C f lilfft f t C f t f C f T t tett, w 8 t t t t e t t C f t I f f f t c f t s - s ? w t t t c f f t c f t " ( f t f f t ,
f t t f t t t t . f t t t f T vsttfwt A T O I W i t t f f WTtt, t t W t t t , W t t t , t l l O i f f ' ^ i a i i . i a ; i5rtf t t ^ ^3 ' s s r R ^ ) 1
t f f t f fttCftt
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Contents
ts?n? lob-
t m ^ ^ laU m W l f m i m wW ft itHif, mm vn? Hi fcn ft wff mu vînvs icnm mcim mci i

W l fsi s<5i I cm mm mif (m) ?fm icn, 2tm msf 8 cim m nm? mm n it mft? f?ci
H i f f ? i k (m) mm, "cimm ifHwifsmmfcncimmt i?iif?fc? m mmm m?jci s^^^ v^t cms tu f ims mci?
1? I mmfM m , m? ^ msimflcn ? f1? iHcn, ci I f l i H mct? mf?ii i cfficmfiitc? i^f? c?, f i n m
mm ! fH W l fsmmlknci w i? irnimrmrcn, tm v^fitfnicn fnt cfi ftij figfti'sH t m mc? if?f5
mmrti! mm im msimftcn ? HH iHcn, ,ci mim.! fH SilHici ft itci i n s l i i v g f 1?? Uif s^g? im ^^mlci i
W l fsmUHici Wf iHm m i mmm mmw iHcn, tm cun L. Hunarfar-vfl? U ? f U - t mill? mfi-t tl'lim,
mfiim' Ft m^nmfcn ? mm?^ HH iHcmr, ci mim ' tmmm i o 8 8 H., 1- i- 'fl?^ Lane-vfl? Lexicon, f.
FT wimf1Hici<3 fH mwm m" (tm fff^ mm-mifi, ((jiî)flf?mf 8 ?u m c?c?m St f R I cim ffim ?k?
i t , ioo; mmi m?Hm mmtm, it, 01) 1 mH f R fi?ic< ffHf "s^pcv^fl ifui mim vflifist ?3?s!,ili<p
5 t f t # t 8 ( i )rnm-fmsrtfimfi, tmHm mScM? gjciivstw V f l i H Sife? f R R<(ifb it I c?nmuitcnmti
mtmtciTi, mn 1 0 0 0 ; ( 1 ) t m fmf, mim-mit1i, cusmtt, C?Un Uf? f i m 1? (E. W. Lane, Manners and
mms, mH; () t n m - ^ , utwr mtf?, mim-m?Ni mtm- Customs of the Modem Egjf)tians, Everyman
fm, fttm i-vsift. H; ( 8 ) m?%, mm-mmmfm-miHm H- edition i n i f t S ^. oSB-a) ( f v 3 ? R f Umu i f i
mimHm mtmtHi mm mHf m%, H n i o i o H; (*) t n ci?ci? SiffH mm i m n t m i f m imft? mim mf
Hm mm-mif, Himtfi fimt tm m % Hmw, H n m^f it? c?n mwf? mm miu ?j?ici= cm
Clfl) f ?
i o f t i H; ( I s ) t n mtHf?, mff fim, H n i o i 8 H; ( 1 ) iiten m m i f ^ f t f i i m??lf n i vflt m c < tit ?c? i? c?,
t n f m , mtm-mif mf?, Hn i o 8 i 1^ ( b - ) t m m?m^, tsm Uic iumrs mcH ?jm cm Hitnm ?cn
m?ff? mmti, ftn, Hm?, mH; (t) mf gmnm.mtf?, mtif?ci?ci fît?i? ift?c n H mtsiHi ftim ?>ict ftm i
mrn-ftf, H n i o i o H; ( i o ) fmf, mm-fimm, Hm?, ifltic? w^ti fsrtfm iif mwfm mn-'fl "flf^ w?ti?Hfit
mH; ( i i ) mif-Iimf, Hmf mmtm' mimt'^f m?fHm Sn? vfl?t mm ^ O T R (imt?) Hmt? ifiuficn (mim
mit', H n i o i i H; ( ^ 1 ) t n m?^, Hmfm 'mtm, ???i t n 'mtf? mf'i wtf?-t Uff, m^- mt- mfim, cnm
io<ift H. I ivssftH. f b r v b i . ) tctHcitnm?fffiutmmf itmtnf:
flt8 iw? mif fmtm wu u m ? f c ? ?j?mo i^sm imftci iflt mcit ifnt
t^?nm(f.fim) m v g f sf5 I S u n i ^ i f. imf, i i , ioîis, ^vsm fimtf?
^îH rn5?mf (f. mim tim) Si? w u (E. Herzfeld, Materiaux pour un Corpus
Inscriptionum Arabicarum : Alep 1t?CU ihab f.,
% vajsi) I ctficiptw? ffvsa f i m mcnsH mm ^<3m? <3
^vQTTR (^m?) mtme?!mc?t 1tl i i i m gtf^ mftmii mim it? ititmH ?fim m m itc
(<:,l^1) 8m Eyvan
'mmfc fvsm, f f 'm?f mm if m^ iiff mm 1 i t c ? ( f . Max van Berchem, Notes d'archeologie
n?fim mmm mmn, etf^H? ^s Hmm v^HitHin arabe, in JA, 8th ser., xix, 1892 f, 399 i . ) f i f
vflt mm m Hit sttBi nt Hcnmc? tmtf fftmHc?m m^sc? gtf^ mf< ^ n I cim -fliH mitm i H tfm ic?
Hcm ^?Httr fmtmcn 1 c?cif ??3ff? f f i f i f i nt m muH ? ] ? i f c n i H \ -flt mcsf Hfm (iim)-'fl?
mt(in iHi? ii mmH? i t r s mcfrni^f?aten ?H?lci, ni<H I S u n i ^ i mi
c mc mft itHfcn itucn Sen
citcif ^ msfci mtme? ^jn iHc ^tc? 1 im utc i t c ? uitei mm-imm-itf? miu mi-^^m^m-
mft mfm mm mmtm itc Stif ?Hm mm itf? ue? mft im mte ue? litntuiicfs i^t i f t
im n (E. Herzfeld, Mythos und Geschichte, 88, ? H i i c ? ? men ? f ? uu m mit um i f ? m n c ? ,
in Archaologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, vi ^vam ?fic cm ^ ftim ?? n t î?tm ?twitm f m

(1936), n. I ; W B. Henning in Handbuch der itmei (N. V. Diakonova and O. I. Smimova, K.
Orientalistik : Iranistik, Lieden 1958, 71, n, 6) i voprosu ob istolkovaniy pendjikentskoy rospisi,
vflt fi.iHci m?it HP5 ?Hm ?Hm m v g f .^tci c?tc? in Sbomik v. cesti I. A. Orbeli, Leningrad 1960) i
Hftm im 1? C I m HP5 m itc m? i Hf t m w i c ? ift?-Sfi" mif i m I U ^tmei I t m u Uim uHfei?
f t i H n mffm t m f ff? mH mtfitt ?ci i umfien ?fm nrntifii men ?TfiTm (Max van
im^f? f i i f f f i ?milc?? HHci v f l t i f t mH mc< Berchem, Matiriaux pour un Corpus
<j<t^\s ^ ^ C 5 mc? l l S I S v i ^ m i f v^HmHlvg-sgefv Inscriptionum ArabiGaum : Le Caire, IT^nm iio>s
t m f fiiem
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>{.,% hd, f i t - i ) I cm *#5r tm, c m vimiii wrm^ fll I W i ? n cwm (fimtuen Hi^t fifi iti'wt-t
nHtCn CT S f l t U m Hci S ^ S i t C I ^ v g f j f ^ ffm) cm m n, ^vsm 'fl?t ifcw?rnicuciV A I H ?twf?
utc I allien 2tm?m mtCTm ^ m itîci ct afHtcn vflittiftattef^ûcii
m f i m t c n m f m m w u ^ v s m mmit ttm?? m f ^vgît^ A f ?IFI?eii^ wtm-wfMnva t m
itîicfe, I t i f I m i m wcsf wtmt? ftiT wtm,CTS^^ wtmi F I I ^ i t n ? I T I F I I citfii ftii f i ii% fim
VQ mfif^ fimrtitcn i m mi m m i u mc uc? i 11 4 f ? ? i i t ^ i igim Situt itun tit? f n t i? mt fitm-vfl?
ma! f ^ f f t ^ m f i m m n , ?fia I^t fum Fertile crelPnt-vfl? iPnttCi f lt?lH1 t t t f SimH?
w<i#i mt? fif%tc? U n f ^ 1? (u i t u f n ) i f i f vflt va itu?us-?^m 'wtlif iitnfi? i m i?itf n?
m t l U T v s m w c n ^smtc? fifi w t i îmm w u ifiitc? 'C?Htj H<F? uc? I cicu^ f i n u m i m fiiti ^ t % v a t m
? t ? ^ i t u f n f i u cit fne? fif^ wfu5?t ?fi?tci i f t ifm?ft?ti^:eifT K. A. C. Creswell, Early MusUm
i f u j c i ^ v s m i i f t f?fg wcsf ?j?^ i t c i t m ciRftt Architectjtte, 2vols., W W f t i f e o i va i f e S o '(., O.
itiflfit t m WC< ?J?4j At?tCl ? H U I C 1 1 ? U I (C?11, Gradar, ^ - f i M , Uim nt mfi-. The world of
H. Sauvaire 1 1 W?fi Ufifci? ?<fu. Description Islam ief, m t . J. Krltzek vflit R. B. Winder i n
de Damas, in JA, 9th ser.. ui-vii, i b r S . 8 - index i f e f f f e f , ; B Fransis n t f^tm ' W t f , W t H ' W t f ftti,
by e. Ouechek, Damascus ifeffs esp. vol. vi., in Sumer, 111 ( i f e S ' t f , ) i >flnH n m ^ I t m e i
260 as opposed to vol. v, o o i w m ofel) 1 1 ? f i f itmi f H Uiu m ê, un Sitcn f n t v a mtf t ? i e n
f i u t u n u m m CT, i m f t ? ^ - i t wt#tHi wsf n t ftii iHtm nu m i cm ^vsum m m i uififit
n f t u i u H ^ wsf wtci I n u i f m^s n f t ?j?ufn wsf F ? w t c i lUi n m l u ^ i u i u i m va vsufic?
wtcimt'fif^W"itic?H?ifi I 'flii'^c itc? CTjititci? c i f??ifw? ?'fimfi i t i i t Sf va wtcitfe ft i f i f i vflt
u l U f n wsfttt fwi wtfi w f H i i ctficitcn tU?ciifi i e m ? u?m vflt I U w t ? f i j 4 v i c ? f m u n, vflt fifit
I U f f ? f t i T m u vs itf?ifii i m ffte ? 5 ^ f ' f f f i i t wttfiiftt ?i?f i t ? l c i I cmtn Sicuflfi m f i f i
i t l ? i f i u c i I csficitcut ?mt?cum? U U C I wtmi fmg^ Creswell nt Grabar ^GFRN^rUn Wfm lf?Um i f i f
f c ? f c ? fiiti -It i f i u c i I H f vflt i ^ f t i f i f c i ? vflt ?H?tff? ?i?m i t ? t f n ?fiu m 1? i c n u w f F i t f i m
cgfff%i vs nufSFfii Hcgici? fuci#t, mt l i u s i u ^ e F I I ? i i s itm f i ftiei? i m wtfH .ftun
i ? M I tvam n fmt I F F ^ itmci I wuu n n fim-ficaiei
f i n m >^fufii vs ftiif?it?iii t v s m imft? n H cm m n, f t f i i f i c i nei nei i t c i i t c i t v s u e n leu
^cifiii i m i wsf i m ifiuen wm ^ v g m t vfln vfliH wen Usfn fwi 1 1 1 n? m t f itc? vflt wtffei m ?
^ntm f i i t i f s s m u m fifii itmc?ft n t ^ s f f i i ftfin'?i?m iu-^t n u tifti ? 5 % T m m u I fotmjsn
l U i H uftcn fiei S ^ j ^ i vflt wttfiei? f H wen ^ ' r ^ ? ? C I I J ' u cffii ftijifi ftin i t ? F I ^ n Ut nt
W t e i m m f i n f l l , f . F . Oelmann, Hilaniund vfltsH iu:^ fij u r n i u v a i? utnt mci flt n u n
Liwanhaus, in Bonner, Jahrbucher, Heft vcxxii, ffifit u fHf% ifimff tiu m u I c u s f vflt fium?
i f e i i %, G. GuUini, Architettura I r a n i c a , f f l i f e 8 w f i i t t i f 3 t ilfti u dtnu H n , citcif l U f f ? ftii
o\<h i. ; J. Sauvaget, La Mosquee Omeyyade ifimm I F I I fiean m n t c i t umtfi I
de Medine, iitfii i f e 8 i ivô i.) t vflt Wtcifnt vs ?f? ftic! t>8Uen fnfa nfn nutitfi, ?fus
^vîfi t m f fci? lfl i t f ^ 1 ? 1 c i m n u n e w t t^suen i U t i f ? ?f? fiie]t cm m i vflt w?fi1tei
iffii i u m CT, t m ^ s ipiji t u n I t i t f ftiiffc finfiiei itcî i u m i U F I T V F L ? fiei? nen mifwiH
iffl i t m i f n i m M i t l Hitn vflt ??cn i i i i i f f ?if v b i / i i i itf1? imen fe? tucn w H ^ cm m
vs f i i f i i f i i m fi??f^tn ?j?^ i t i t c i ifia i ? i l f u IS^ itf? i l l fiei i f n tun m ?i?H nfwn wi?*f
i m t ? vs fie=giitmi i c n m i ? ^ lamr? ift wmva wtitm wtfiu nfie U v s u m, mte ufiH tsm c i t i t
uitu f i i U i t f ^ I U utc itn i vflt fici? ? ? n ? i m itîHi I vflt nentvsuenitH=tlitm,Sunci?tfiif
I t i t f uwtn? wtiei i m wi<u i ^ ^ wftf?ui f t i t n vs i f i#t? wu f . (O. G r a b c i r , in Cambridge History
u?f -^t ( c n u o t n ct(ic*p'm ^^) i i f I C I J t u e i ^ v a m of Iran, iv n t v, cnHw ifevbb- i c^ mtsu?fif*fs
n t it vfln c m i u i u t w i u ;flt wtm?? i t m fiiai nfw? wmH tun ?f? S f i m ftfi m m tmen
i ? i t f i t ^ m i fiitei? m i m t f ^ fwm tm's c m f U t wiii' wifii ftitn ftf n t n iHimsH mtfi ituci
u t w e n cê2j cfstt f i U c i c?, t v s ? t n ? uue - f l ^ ifsffiHt m t Hifitif 11 I cim Sue ^ ? # U 5 ifi?n?
I
t n t f fiiem
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^tR lio
*)<iiwt a t f f f f t f I t f t o A t t i c ? t l # f t f fCA, CA Msft wfte t ^ r o , ftetttct Max van Berchem E.

spJt Atc^C? t t f t A f t l A fe,ff% ^ f k A t f t A t f f C A , I a t A W Herzfeld f f f lilt tff a f f t c t t a f f f f f t t Attic? C t ,
>bt/iA tTftt f t t t t f At! iflf^rttt WiMt? TO ^\sTO-ff%f t t f T O f w t t f f t t , ftetttet t f T i t t f t f f A ,
^^tTCAt t t t r o TOt ^ f W t f t t T A ^ T O atAtt ATtAfftf atettWt ( C t t t f f f t TO)-iilt f f t wff I l i l t t t f
tt^tt ro [f. Sumer, iii (att^v?), WATC ACtT G. A. tAf afftft t i c t t fft wff, c t t t t c t f f f t c t t f f o i t f f f t t r t s
Pugacenkova, Iskusstvo Turkcme: .a,AC^'>b'l t t f t t r o lilfft t f t c ArttfteA f f t a f f f f trtA A t f f l f i
f f . ioA; A. Godard, in Ars Islami' xvi (ifefti ^ f ^ f f c t t tf^tA f^sfftf, CA liitsff ffcttet'tAtcftr
%)] I CtCA? ftt/iit ^ ibt/iAt tf% .tf%A f w t tcA I ^ ^ t t t c f lilt t f f f R c t H i f f w f t f t f f f t t Ate
fttffff ttfltf attt fwro f?f, CtCA -ft t r o ttet ct, tAf t t r ^ f t t f f f f t f f e t t i f w e t f f t t c t t wtTt
W t f w i ^ t r o t t f f f ^^sttctt wtffft fttatlA%T f A t t f t r e t TAff t f t f t f f f w t c f t f f f t f ftteT
fIf t f f f t c t A t I >bt/iAt tTft t f ^ t f C ^ t f f e f f A t fRrTwft f t t r t t f t T T O tfwtte?t w t t t wtfrot
fft?'t#t f f A t t f t t t f c t f t ^ ft f C t I f i t a f f t f w t f ^ ftftet ftfttt f f f f e ? I f f w f t f f t Aftt
^^Sfctt fttT t f t T t A t f t f f o atTO afeff ^ int wftt f c f t t ^,TO f I f lilfft f t f t t wtfw f f l i l c t i ttAf ct
Ct, tAf f t f t t t t f t f t f t e t t t f c t t f ^ - f t Atc tf%Ct Cftt f t t f t t e w t f t e \s atcttwttfttf fff^ f e w t r t r t T O
fwfft t t f t t f t t f A t f f t (Godard, Max van f f ttt 1 tftfS w t f T O R e t t f t t trtAtett f t i A t e t t w t r
Berchem f t c t f t f t , f f f 5, K. A. C. Creswell-m f . L. Golombek, the Timurid Shrine at Gazur
f t t C f t e f Muslim Architecture of Egypt, ii, W W t f Gah, Toronto, 19691
ifeftfe f . iôA-^) I lit ^ a f w t t a tCA I tttt f t t e t tAf f f w t i^ffAtfffc^ te ^vsttett c t t liif^ f f f tettettt
f t f t t f t t t f A W Ct, A t lilt a f ^ ^sifftftft wtAT C f t W^sCf w i f f c t t t t f ttet I f f lilt, ^'Sfett ct t f f f2j-tifcft f t t
arttftfret t t - f t t e t t ^ fcwfcti tjt^ w t f f f c f t t t t T O t f AtttC? c f f s f f ?fft^ t r o lilfft cftTOcf t f ^ tftttc? I
ftfi^^tcfrt f t f t e e t t t t f c t r o w t t f t f c t t f t r o t f A t tAf lilfft t f % 5 t i f atttt ttffSr trro fttT t k t t f ^ 'Q
tMt% WgatCAt ft f C t t C f 1 t f t T fctt w t r atTO w t : %ftet t t w f c t i f C f ^vattett
iilfftCt w t f f f e f t etftf& t f t f t f t t c t t t M t t f c t t ' w t f t t -a f f t t r t f t aftft t r o ^ ftrot f C t liltt ttAf w f t
t f f r o f f A f T O t t t r o f t T Attic A, f f f t t f t t f t , fttt t t f S f f t c f t f e t t tftff tftet wttffCAt t f t c t t ftcttt
Atft t t f f f A tAf W t t f f t t f T - t t f f S T ^ f t t f t t t t tttttc? I liltt t t t f fttert w f t w r 3 f t t ^ c f t t c f t f t ^ A t i
Wtft W t f f WttCf aftt W f t f Wf^tfttftt wftfttf-sffC WoTtftf W t f t r o t ^ f A t C f w f t t W ^ f T O t t t f f t f t f t w t
t r o t T t r o f f At W t t t ^ ^ T O t t ' f t f f f f t f ftftet t w f t f f t f f f A t C f ^"Sm f f t f t C f f f&iQlfff ffftt-^
lilf t t "Sff ft f f t t t f l f I f f f t t f tCt ^"Gtfett f t a f t t i^ffcATt f f f t t va f f t c t t t t A t f t f f c t f t w f f f t t e ? i f f f f t
t r t r o A t t t f ? f t c t A t f f T O t t f t t f t t (t'Oo/ii^b ffCf f t c t f f t e f f f afftett f t w - c f t t f liltt w t f t t f t f t f t t rot
(Creswell, Egypt, ii io<i) i f f f tftpTtftftt aftftt t ^ ^"GttCtt aftft f f ^ f f f t t f t t ^ 1
t f t t tAfCf fC=i!AWtf f f A t e t t f t t ffttlC? 1 f A t A f f , s j f t ( f I ttt:ffftet t f f .Jfftftt attt f t s f t tteJi

t t t f r o g : Cftt f f t A t f t f r o t liit f t t t f f f t f t t t t t ^ t t f f f f t c t I ATf%;t ^ ^ f f f f f f f C A t Wfft^ f f A t t \S
TO ct, Cf f t t f A fttr ^ ^ t t e t t t r t r o f ? f wf f rot loiicftMi t f f t f , ftctfofcA t r o ^ t t r l i i f f r o fttr f f t t f
. ( f f A t t A f t f f T c t c t f t f t f t t t f i A f f C A t r o f t r o ) , f^ttctt'f^ttfe t r a f ttte tfct i âttett t r t T O f f t f
f 1 f f ; # t e t t f t s f t w e t t t t t f t f t c f t f e t t f t t liifft f rot c f f f f t e ^ etrt w t r f. ( i ) D. Sourdel, Questions
atit 1 t t t e t t trtt 'wtttctett ftftafteer f t t l i i f f fttr de Ceremonial Abbaside, in REI, i h o f, t f C t t TO
ttfftr ftftet tfttffo A t tit, t f t ^ t t f t t c f w t f f o fB^'if-ftett ^ ^ S t t t f t f f t t f f t f t C t f ^ f t t t f f t t f f f f t C f t WffATft
f f f c f t c t (N. Elisseeff, Les Monuments de Nur al- la iiitft8(.ttffA afeff t r f t J l f f A C f w f f f ^ f f t t t ffttc? i
Din, in Bulletin d' Etudes Orientales, xili, ifeSfe-fti f f A t t ^ t f. (A) O. Grabar, Notes on the Great
'^.) WttT WCtf t c t f f T t A t f t f f f a f f f f ^ t t t c r o Mosque of Isfahan, in Bulletin of the Aisa
e t t f f t t t f t t f t t (Wtrett tetr L. Hautecoeur and G. Institute in memory of A. U. Pope (Shiraz, 1972) i
Wiet, Les Mosquees du Caire, trtftf ifeô^ f , f . O. Grabar (E.I.Vwts f f t t f f t f f t t ^ f t t f
ioio t . ) lilt fftTftff W f f t t f f AtttC?-1 tc5t fttTetet (f^LJLjl) 8 (t-3-j ^ ^ Jlil Û-iilt
f t t f wffsff ttffST M t C A af^sett ftteT titt^sft Attic? J i ) ttf^f w f t a (._._. .X s)-iiit 'tt ttft' f tf
%TO "tS afttt wttteiT^ AC t f t f e ? i
ê Cf'att, ttett ?c=it f f t tf f t f t t r o ^cRfctr teat liit
t f f t f ff^Cfft
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Contents
<\i<^H I i m f i i ^sf nr (rh3rtiim)-n i f i m fim? Ubersetzung des Kitab al-Iqa'at von Abu Nasr
l i t 1 t m f f f m ittfii i i t m W t c i m f f f n f m i ? al-Farabi, in Oriens, xxi-xxii ( 1968-9), 196-232;
Mensura-iil? w i f m c i ficimf mt iftc i m 1 (a) H. Avenary, The Hebrew version of Abu 1-Salt's
SmfimfC3i ' w m i m it-s ifw ffH? Si? f%f% ifiit iHs treatise on music, in Yuval (Jerusalem), ili (1974),
t m W??r? ^ rhythmos-n f i f Sii?1 f t i? mi 68-71. i??f 'm?f ^ ^s m ^ fff ium f. s(b) R.
tiSf? 'M'-iii? i H i t m I t f f ?ft?m I f f s m - f f i d'Erlanger, La musique arabe, Paris 1930-59,
S?fff-? IC ^ ' - n f t f f f f t m i # iff? m i f f ici? mi f. 8 (\) Suphi (Ezgi), Nazari ve ameli
m i?f? iffc? Sifff fff 1 Turk musikisi, Istanbul 1933-53; (b-) H. P. Seidel,
^ ' - n m r s f t i l i i ' i t t 'wm S t i itc Sf Studien zum usul Idevri kebir" in den pesrev
'wt?ft i f ? T Itftc!? nr ii?ci? m c i j lH i n f t ^'c der Mevlevi, in Mitteilungen der Deutschen
i m ^ w i ? i (Cycies-wtivsm), ifft i f i ? cîfHi Gesellschaft fur Musik des Orients, xl (1972-3),
f ? (Sfi) itcitci 1 ^ mi titc i m n f t f??f (iifi-it), 7-69; (fe) S. Heper, Turk musikisinde usuller,
c i f f i i f c ? ? ? ? i fiiiH cwt i # o fiff ^ ' ? fi?ff5 'ii' in Musiki mecmuasi, Istanbul, no 344-7 (June-
(fmi)-'fl? ^ 2tffc Sift n 1 i t i f i i I t c i ? i f f i i a f f September 1978) 1
wifici f wnt wf5H i n 11 (form) l i t s wti-itiff 1- E. Neubauer (E.I.^, Suppl.)/5iiJmi tUffi
wt>s>s?ii, w t i - i t f f f ' i - i i f t , wt?-?tm, wti-itm? mi îT?r (jLi-ii) 'm?ft im, ft vsm, i m (i) u
8 ( j )
titm (Itifi) I i i f i 1 ( j ) , m t^'wti (ji_!Ljii)-vii?famtfi

( j j r,) v f l i m t m
i
?im w?f3 f i m f i - ^ n ' i c ^ icit wti-itffi t f i w< w?Tiif, c?m u fcui-fliu m i?.iitm cwi'
8
w t i m (^. iHb/Hhi)-c^ lilt f i m m 'Smi' ifi?t fimm icusii wm 1 ? c?u u wutif 1 ffiut 'mimf m m
I f 1? I i ? i i f f 5 wnt citfii i l i Sff ^tc < M / i i i 1 ? c??f u wiTtiffii ffiu vs c? wfi? cwi v f l t ffiu
ii i i % w ^ I i m ifîc?? ^ n ' fifi cm m itoit fcitwi i t cit wfi? ci^vQ ^ ifimtft m m if?ci i
m I t u m ic?T n t c i i i ' ? ^ f < f i c n wii-?i?tff i ffi v f l t ffim mvsm? itfitt ufmi i? i?mci? u?ici n ??t
tm fif!['i-ffffi'i-itff?-'fl -^ft wut? m i W i ? i?tiHuwcim c m nft m 1 ? i m ific i t i i f n
Scsicuu sm v f l t fn? m c i t ?nt if??tcn i tum Uisf vs I t u w fwm "atf^c?' ?un wii-îiun (gtf^
wr5'i-ir?iw w t i - t f i t i f f f iff fiifi-wtitff-c îm) mm Scsi i u i t i v f l n fi c? m f i?tu iif%? .
i ? ? f i ^ u^sfiff ^n'-? iMu f f i i t i i w cmci i ^ f i it?ci fwm gtH v f l t ffiu cmi ifi tm wmm ic?vs v^'
U C I , w u i c i ^ m i fimitc? m^sm? f i i i ? f n ?tm if?f&f ?iti U C I I i m imfsfic ^m? ifimtft? Hf(^
f i i t i t f i c u t i f w 1? I iTftS'1-ffi wti-SfUff ( f . ut I cmt Sit tim' (f.) ici? I C U fifiu m nt wfii?
bho/iihs) ?ff w m i 'wtif'i-nfi? w t i - u u f ( f . fif mti? I t I C ? I
\n>b-/iso(t)-^ c n 'wiîwifn' citffst c i f f i i i f o fff? Si? (i) F. Lokkegaard, Islamic Taxation,
i f i f 8
itm, wfîimc? c i t m ^ f i i ? i f c S f i , m^sm, f?m Copenhagen l950-vfl f UU, fifmvsm, lift, mf 1-t
W I U wtffsm (^')-'fl? u misHi i^Hcn? mi m , t?m f tmtfi? Scgi f.; (1) A. K.S. Lambton, Landlord
(?m t i t iii/ib-m ici w ? f i ? ) f?c^ (?m t m m f ^ and peasant, fii^; ( v o ) CI. Cahen L'evolution de
vs.grrc?rtfii?i?mwiit?fiw?ni?fi?tci) n t ' w m c i i i f i riqta, in Annales ESC, 1953, 23-30.
( i f e i .ici? c i u u c i ôi ici?. it?c8 c i t i m fffm CI. Cahen (E.f .)/mim C i t c n
m i i f i ? fiwfi?i i c t ) I ^Wtf (vLÔ mt. wtmil wc< "fiifit iu, mil
i f i f 8m m 'wtiff, i t ? f vs f f i f f i m i f
iliffsi iu, vsuHi? iu", tntft witc? imcn ciiti iHim;
mi wfimti mff f i m fu^cmci niwm n f t wum
cm H-if? ^ wftiifu itc itci cit gf^ wifîfii
W ^ f s s wtci I t m i f l 'Wt?ft c^ m i f . (i) F. Dieterici,
Sum um wm icuwfm, t m ( i m im) itcci Sm
Die Propaedeutlk der Araber im 10. Jahrhundert, VfliH [wi?H Hft (f. m') wm i m iii] i i m S i m
Berlin 1865, 112-17; (1) H. G. Farmer, Sa adyah vs i m i i i ciffiime? i u utc uc? (cm wtcii m m
Gaon on the influence of music, London 1943, uucivs I U m I ?u s v f l t i i ?fiu "wrm fiit fig^ mt"
78-89; (o) A. Shiloah, L'epitre sur la musique ifl?^ "WtH nmt mim fiit fim ifim"), wiu itfltt
des Ikhwan al-Safa' ; in REI, xxxlv ( 1 9 6 6 ) , 1 7 6 - 8 ; ii l f ^ Swu m?m mt, c?n, f?i:? itflfs
( 8 ) E. Neubauer, Die Theorie Vom IqaE, I : miH fifii? I U , ?H Sut f i f m ffH 1?, W3 ?H fifiim
t m f fiicm
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Contents
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tr c?u (twtar) S? i c ^ imff5i ^fefigm? i

1 1 1 % m t s n t i ) mi Sit i t i f i i n i m litt (g. m') 1 ? I n i n n^f? n, gfm^ cm icmt it<3
siWT f*U il?5jt i t ) isu icuwf? I C I , ; mitU Sn mtm (_>_^ =
stm wite? 2tTtit? w Ittc im (wfiisf *flift i t f f t mf?), im mi cu? immim^ (j . n n j i i _ c ) isu icit;
m t T wftttt iici? i ? v 3 cmfitm?iwtit? i?t ?r? ?iî fiff? fHim rm m< i?t i m i? n? m? cmi
I t i<f!it u ^ f t i Tti ?#?t i n ?t?t ?t? I wti-itHt I U ^ûcimiu iri cmi i m imu ?fi?tci i
m ii)t itifr " f i i t m ' i - i t w f i i " i ? t i i t i i i i m ) i cm I f ? tfr?Tt,cit I f ? i f ufii itct
tuc Iflt 1imc Si%5 itc 1 ? CI, itftmfi uttufm tit w?f I C I s IfH mm i f i ^ i m mfim (^_,_^)
ICIT t??i Iflt Hif? ^ uift Uf 1^311? fn n i f ? irficit icit I
m?jtu utt? ?J?fr? tit f f i f u s I ? f i mitt um
nt ?f ^ fistm? uu? i^sm cuU ( m m n if?
uoT ?tu m n n i f ? itc Hif? ^ iHunH mtfiifu m^ H^ ojf^c ftu^sf? ^tc un, cn? ttm-mr
HP5ici tiitf uttm UtiiHi utici? citft? Rc<pt m% n cm i f f ?f) tit tf "nil iiten wu^s ^? i f i f cm
^tuuHnI . . . Hffii cmi ifim cit cmi i ? f 5 t v s 4fc? tfnii iu itc
i f i # t 8 ( i ) u t - t i t i t f ,itiUut?1i1ilH'i-fft, un, cit cwm "^f^Hci u m i ^ uiffii twtu ifiu
'twt?' 9m g.; ( 1 ) C. Snouck Hurgronje, The i U lU-itu Uci I .
Achehnese, ii, 320; ( o ) I. Goldziher, in RSO, i
twtm wu fifit n m mnt Scî ufic itn, fif
(1907). 209; ( 8 ) J. Schacht, Introduction, 22,
Iflt n m wu cm Hitf? f u U t i -flt ff? ici twru
.145; (<?) i ^ d n . Origins, 159-6 i
mrfmt ?i?m UU v8mt?ri mtn? n mil??f ?i tif iflfm
J. Schacht (E.I.^)/U?1 iWf^ ? 1 ? 1 1
m ituci I f?f^ mitcit twtu cusm.i?,mm twru
"^wt^r, t ^ X s j i - a . ) .jL-î) smm (uHaHiu Tfm, twfUm??, Hm i ifltsH n f i \ ^ m m m i ? ^
fam?) im ?tc Si^.m!? mi t m iu<H i tfH'm? fu^suf uu mtiu I U 1 ? , f?H twrmr?ci I f mfifit
ntHu'imgtHa ntic5fuu5^stuim,Hf u?tH,i irci? wut m m cmim? m? iHu uci? i twtirm
tft?t? cm? ?f tft Hci mitci ?m n f'Ht? (_^^_-o), n twrm wfic uum ific ^s mum mute un
mHf? (j a,i) U f i f ( c 5 j L l - o ) ; Jt? tt iHci ?m 1 ? miu ntun irm uf^ fiifi ifics im mi cisfi? ntfi<>tit
mf?, J ,-si); tt?i?ci i l l cmjgt ?m n v?î'fe? ?Hc uu f m tit n t cm ific un I
(_>î..-..,.,-.); fm I f ?f u fici I U n u'm ( i f i # t 8, f i l l f i m i f ? ^ u f itntf ^s mmtff
u iH,f'm? (j^v) fim'wt? (ja.iiiax) I fgf? u f$i? ^c i ifnt m f fi i % twtu mum i mtus g. ( i )
u<ci m cmm litit i i ?m i? Swu (Sj a.i) u'mtm mfwt^ CSiuf fvsuf mtti), uu 8 o 8 i.; ( 1 ) ituf,
^suf?, mcu i o i t r / i f e o o , i l , i b r 1 . , () t n "mtfif?
(j_a.l) i%c ?H Sm iHui f f ? i U Uci mm.Sit mfw?
Ufm-fsm, <2-i, l i . ; ( 8 ) t n 'mtfii, fim, f i ui n t
fitm (,_^.,,., j_a.i), mm ?H cm? Hmi u I U f ufe Sit Houdas and Martal-n l U f mf. mtlfwUi ib-b-i 1.,
ff? if?u m C I ci^caiSmmm'1-fif1 ( J I L I J ^ I ) I 1. ( t * i 1 . ; (*) t n mf mtum, wtH'Sm-ffrm, it?cu
twm u twtu. it? 'fliH ^ um mt m? ?jf^ mm i Q i / i b r i r o , 1 1 , iHs> i. ; (-49) t n fitu; f i f irncu
?jfî mfim um mcH fifim mu ?jf*c?> cm ?f u 3? io'jss/ifess,fti,o f e s i. ;(s) tn^wtn, mrn-mum-uti,
esti if?c H?t U C I I twr?l8 gtH i m i?c1? ^stu Uci s ir?CU i ' S o o / i S > i 8 , H i , is>s i. ; ( b r ) r?m, Propnete
?fuji tt i u (twtuf m-mmt?) m i mfH mft i u privee et registre foncier, t??i i S > 8 l f, i l , Iftfe i. i
(tmtfm-mmii) i cicu^ i?ci? tft? gtH iUU Utuci (E. Tyan, E.I.^)y^?tfr m
8 n H it? umi 3? tff I U mm irw ifiu f?c ^s^n ^5rr9r-^# (LT?^^') "mtfg"i-f? mnigm-mm t n
iit^, m n H i t i iwtf''f 3? tfr imr uitci ficiusm mtimr? t?? 'mrfH'i-iiin? mti-tf uH-itfi't
?m 1 ? tiffU' (^1 \ ,i) (nut, cm itufiff? cwm ( ' 4 9 V o / i i v i - H f t ' 4 9 / i o f t f t ) - n w ? fiut i m r u m f u T i b>\ro/
^stu U C I ) I n t cj^fc gtl^ i n mft ?It?lcir-nfBc . i i b - i UCI? fiifii i? uumi? t i (mntfi Sm?i tw)
tfrm (Lessee) mftltm (Lessor)-n iftftfi? mlî) ;m?muftcmf?fimm(d,>i^ _>-î), ICI) I f m I t i mfim mtf ui? (u)- u # c%:i i fiui^
rm ?imtH f?f^ uf^n mm? i m if?c uHn \ Htiîici? fiit fim i l l if?u fH fim m n f ^
tntf fiicm
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Contents
f f t f 5tAf TOt I (\Ab-/iAV f C f ) ' S l f SSftftf S fA% t t t f f t f f l C f t mi t t A W t t fCSf f t A t t

f%[t-ft flffsil*, (5.)-ro f J l f f f f ' t - f t Wtt ttt f t ^ A t I tAte t c t A t f f f t C t t f t t e t t ^ ^C ff^
f W R W t f f t t t f f f t t f f A t , t t wtf-tif f f r t f t t J t t t f ftffCtt I
t r o f f o i t wtf f t c t t i # f ^ wMttf ftfct fftf Wtf-tft WT^ t f t f l C f t I tAtt lilt t t - f f t Cttft
trtt tsftc^flcft 11& f c t t w t - f t t t t f t f c f (wff-iff! C4) t t t t f f f f t ftAtctt t f t c t t f t A t t ^^C f f ^ A t I
altCOT t t f f CtttfCAff tctj f i f t t tirAit<m ctt tct t # 5 I ffft ffCft f t I S f t f t f t i f ^ , f f ^ f f f e t t ftATsff liltt f f ^
f%ft l i l f t t t ftttf t - f t f f S t t wtf f t c t t fttst wtttt s f t f f t e t t f f t c f t w t T ^ f f w T e t e t w i ^ I tAtt f t f t c t t t T f t
f f t f f c ^ tttct t r t t Atcft f , t t t f t f c f t w t t f f t t tItft f f A t t f t f n t t t t bffiiCf ? f l t f t e f I " w t f t t f f t t t
A t f I f f f t t t W]^ f t t t l f f w t f - ' t f t t f t A I t J fttf ftAtCf f t t t s f f f t fftet I f f t AtffW t t f f , ftft ftAtt
f C t t lilAt f l A t t f t J C t t "tft ttCWI e t w r t f c t t W f t f t f 1 ftt^t f t f e t t liltt f t A l t w t i t t f gtt f c t t , f i A i t s t t t f i f f f
f C t t I W H - t # f f ^ l f t t J l t A C t f ^ f t t w t f t t f C t t , tAt Btt tef f f t f t c f t 8 w t f - t f t f i A i t f f f f t t WtT c'ittrtt
t t W t f f t t t I TO l i t t A r a W A f t t f t C f f f f t t t f f - f t t t f I C f t 1 w t f - t f t t ttTftt Wt-1f1ff, ftft f I C f t
Atfwt-iiJt " f f s t ^ ' f - f f S t f t f t ' f - f f o t A t ( j - -^11 " < f ^ t f e t t ' w t f f t ftfAoJf, f l A t t s f t t f t t A C f t , " w t t t e t t
-/.UH t J t t j t ftctt mi tfff-fwtf fttt ftttf t c ^ wtf-tftt t t t ^ w g f t t lijtt f t A t t w t t f t f ' S t e t t Tattef
4f " w t f - f f a f t f f - f f f f t f s ( i ^ L J L i I . i ! . ) ^ I) t e t t f f t f s f f t t f t t t i f t f T ^ t t I tAte w r t t t tAtt Tstt ^^c
f f f f - f - f t c f tAt f t f f f C t t I
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w i A t t ffte t t f t t
WStt w t f - t f t # t C t t t c t t t t f t t i t f lilf W ^ i f t t
wff-tft t ^ f f tef f c t t 1 ffft ftcwt liiftfffft i^ f t
tc^ trttTt, t t f f f t t f t f f t t e f f c t t 1 ftro tfe fietttT
Witt f At 1 f ^ f S fttfft-ft f A t t t t ffô ( A i t t f t H ,
<\^bh C t , i ^ ) ^ t t t t t t t t t f f f t f W t f f t J t I t t f f t f ffttft 8 ( i ) TAf'^'-tfftt ^ tf'^tft*-1ffft
fftrt-iii w t t t t fctt mi wtitt, ffwsf ^ t f f f t fftcf ( ^ ^ 1 ^ ^,^..^1 ( G A L , t t i) I ^
t t f o A t I litttCttffft^fAIt f t t f t t J t S f f w t f - f "Sfff f " ffffft f t t t f t tfe " w t t - i s t t t ' ' - t t f f " S f w t f t t f -

f R t f C t t liltt'fttt-iilt t t f t f f t t t A t t t t w t f t f A t f t^ fftf ( j ^ j L J i jiÔ-m trttTttft'jtf
( = t ! ^ - ' i l t f f t t c f t A t A A t i t tAt C t t f C t t I '^ftS/iiaftia Rflct t e f f c t t 1 ( A ) w t t - f t f t f t f f - ' w t f f t t T t ^ t f f t f -
f C f f W t f f t f t t J t S t t x t t 2ti&lt f t t f t f t - f t f A t t t t t t t tTtt' ( g ^ j J t ^ ^ A - . j - . A ^11 5 J L ^ ^ I ) , l i t f f t f t t
fttft Wftffctt t ^ fCtt, t t ttA trtt w t f t f A l f W t f - tTttTt t t f t t f t f f t i t e r o W t J g . G A L , t t I f t t t t f t
t # C f f f A t t t t f c t f f ftftCA C S j t t f C t t ttAtc f l fttft Ogff^C l i t ' J f t f t ^ f t t T f f f a t C ^ W t T t 1 (v5) W t f -
f A t Ifttftft - f t W t f - t # c f wM f t t t S f t f t mi tcfg tt^sfftrf # t f f t f - f t f t t (^3liJ I ^ Îjît) GAL,
t f t f f t f C t t t tAfCf t t t t A t w t t liltt W f S t t C t t W t T t t tt 8 I t f f f - f t f t t f t f ^ f f f f St A t f CAt W t J t ,
Atwtt f t t t s i t t t f c t t I f t A t t f g t t ^ ^ w T l i t f c t t c f w t f - t f t tttffe f ?M w t c f t e f I ( 8 ) wtf-'^rontff-"wtffttits
f f f t " W t f - f t t t t t " - i i J t t l t t l t ff W t T t t ^ f f t f ctt, f f f
(4-jJ . A i I A l l ftl I) GAL, t t br I l i t f f t f t w t f - f t W i f t t
i|ilfC^ f t t f t f t - f t ff% fftc f t A f t t I w t f - t f t
i t f ^ l s i f - f f t ( ^ J - L J I ^1 -. a .)-lilt t f f f - f W t f
ftttt tTttff f f t f t t A W t f t f A t C f t tftst W A ^ f f f f t t
tf5f-ftft-iilt w f t f e t t f ^ t t f t c ^ ^ f f t f t f t f f t I
Sfttt f C t t liltt f A f t f t f f t f c t f t t f t f t - f t t t ttfct
f t f > l 5 ? ; f - f W t f 8 ( S j L u i - J I ^L3ua_)-iilt.f^1teftt?F
f t f A t I f f f tAtCa C f t t f C f t t t A t f t I t T t f C t f t t t t
W t C t t t f f t f t A t C ^ i A f ttAtc t A t f f t f t f t t t f t t f 8 t - f C t AtCf l i t I f t f t t WJ^ ^ Alttlt ftfffCSt I (ft) t t t ? f ^ S t f t t
fttff A t I 'Wtf f t - f t W t f - t f t C f t t S t f t C t t A t tAC t?ftf-AtfWt ( ^ L J I J .r.- o ^ j - ^ ) ( GAL, t t

f f t t A t f W t C f t t f t t f t f t - f c t t f t f c t tAtCf AttCffr J) I t t f f - A t f W t - i i l t ^.^ - . M l J -. ^ . o-iilt ttT i f A t f CAt
f t t t t f f f Ct'Sf A t (f'Str^ W t f t , A t f f f - f f f t , vo/At, WtTt f t f t t tfttf^t I l i t tlttltCf ^ t e f Atc ' { f f f f
A i ffc^) I f f f tAtt f f f f t t t t Wtf-tft tTf fttt A t f t ; A t t f t C f liJft f r a afff f f ^ f C ? I f f f t flfttT

(jK:l , %) ? f f f f t I f f f f f t t t t f t f f t W t t C t f t ffTofft fttgtt f f t t t t ^ , TO f t i t f i H i f f f w f f c t t e f t f ^
( j j . t u j l ) ffAtCf C}fttfftf W l t f t f t f t (jjL^jjl) stft f c t t t t 1 fsJ^^ Atcf wffft tntTt ftttett

f c f t f t f l S l t I ' W t t f f t f f f A <5t f t C ^ ifllft Ct, W t f - t f t aJtttWt f t ( W t t - t t f l f ) I (b) t t f f *-t'Sfft (jlj-iil
i^ W t t f t f t f t f C t t t t f f f t f f C t t ( < ^ ( h b / i i S f t * ) I f f f t t t f j c - j j I j - U I ) ( G A L , t t i o ) 1 t f 3 W t f ro, l i t i f t ^ l i l f ^
i ^ f ^ A t f f f tt t c t f C t t , w t f - t f t t f f T t t t f C t f f f t ftttt trsffff t ^ fAtfttJtfCtt Sf^ttttt t f ^ w t t f ( t t VA8<bt,
Atc s t T t f ^ f f t f f t w f t t A ^ W f C f f ^ f t t ^ t C t t W t T AY) I lit'Sr# fffft, f t f t W t T t t liltt t f t f f t f ? t ^ I fff^
tfftf ftttftt
tft._<?/S,o
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Contents
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w m Cwt) itc (wt) n ^ wilnt'-t f i m i - n fmnt, i H i t m Ri??fci? (.î ^) Ttft njMF ; f l f ? w?Tm
2tm wmtn f i n t ? (?-)-n ?<lm, f#t? wmtc? 'wtiimfmium itfns f t H (iJS)-? lfl f ? w?Tm 'Si (yi.j=attribute)-vfl?
(m), wmira wmtm mtitft (m) n t itlPti:^ tm? fimft iH, -^f sf w?Tm (_Hi>j-a.=essence) mi??f n ifi, i i m
(?) ? w f ? % ?i?iic<? tm? fitfR^m:?? ?fm t?t?
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w?TmItmt??- ^ - ... (jp f n m i f ) n t ? ^ w?Tm
?5f??tn? I v^fîlfn ?tm?f? mt??? 5 } f , mm - s m n titfi?jf-vfl? ift i f ^ I w H fRHjvj! w n ? iHcB^cn VQ
'<p|im'l<n? wmfitni'Stf?, vflt c?twtf?ic^??f?j 1 - fiemmi'sH cifim mm n c?, i e ^ wfimtci ?fimef m f i i

'wtft ? t n n w ? f f v^Hufn f i f l i f ??cmw? n t wteimt 1
mtcfi?? ? i f f i?t? vflt irf? Wfm? ic?? n t tit? m?
ifH ^>-o-vfl? f i m f c?n m c?n j - u a j _ a ificBn
mr?? fmrtf *-t"3mfIi ( j t - ^ j l j u t i j - . j ) (Istanbul
KltapUklari Tarih Cografya yazmalari Kataloglari, vfl?t teji j _ . i H i ? j _ u a U _ o (wfc^n) vfl H^ i i l l
tmi? ifelft f , 8 ? . , OOH i.) I ^j_o-vfl w t i - t f t i f ' i - i t i t e i ? c? mtut i i m i f i m e n ,
(H) limtmf.m-wtimti- ( j i L ^ v i <Ji_^j), (GAL, ?t t n i t m n mm u i i i f n t e n (wti-fiifrm) i
(?) I n t t f f ttHmt, titcwt??tm--vfl?ti?tt^w<f^'t??-t "Itim vfln m-vfl? vfln i t m m m mm i f i - i m i
wfiiti, t ? ? - t t?%?-t it?i?i, t f i - t 1??t?1 ?mci t???? m t e ? mtfcn lemitfi? f??m? n t ftft ' w t i f t i e i i H i ^
?fi?tci I Himt? wtft? t ? ? fitmrn wtm'wm mai vflt i r ^ i m m 1? I t ^ ' 1 - i t i t e i ? R??<f vflt ?'fit mm w t i - t f
f f Wfm? iitfi i t ? i c i (tmi? iib-i H.) i tffc? i t f H niTt (m t i f ' i - i t i t e i ? f i m f wtti? i m ) - c i
iicmi?mtc? vflt i r ^ irtin fifiwtn? i mfi i f i m f i m e n i fH i e n , m m itew? f i i ? ? f vfln
f?smcmci wtm-tf? cgt? ?5m " f i m ^ m - r n v s i t f i i f Tsij n H m m ie^ ' m n ' t e n n ?t H i t i m i ?fi?tei i
'tff?'?-itm?" I vflt i f 'Sfmf wt?c?? mrf?tmtmfci? w t i - t f ? vflt i e f t(f*tiiijt? i f n ff? m t m i l l i m
itijffm ^'d^^ f l ? n t wtm-wt?ii? f?tf??Ttmc? ^ f5fit>t? ititcfe?, I ? f ? f i m n i H i f t ?*Hitew? i m H e i fH
mtgmmtmfi wmi?f? f?ci? mix ftme? im? i ? i f?tt vflt m i f n t e n I 'flt fmrnnrn i ? ? f f c i ? iftiis (<_s_;jj=
fcf? mtf?^ i f ? f ^ im? i m mftft? i wt?-tf? w?jtmici? ^ j ^ i J i _ o ) - n wm t f i - i t i f c n i i t e i m f f i w n t S e f t
? "wt?-mvs?tfii"-vs ifi-firmmfiiii f?mf? ?4m?yfi vflt i f 1 m t f ? '^t^'tenic vflt i f ititiitcw ffw?
n t S^snci f?m^ i t i t c vit^ f f s i ^ vs ^jj^ 'm'smfii" fiwmii I
(w?Tm) ?ft?tci I ffim? w t ? - t f ? tfg?-iim?-ci m?fcim i f i # f s (i) t n Ifwm wti-'wifintfr, wt?-fm'i-
irmwft? v3 if?55^ fmm ?f?m im? if?c biti?tcn i cmmt i t f i m m n t m , (?fiîti) iosh H., o i , % o i l i . ; ( i )
tim ?e t i i t e i ? f i ff% mm wt?rti? im, f i m - m m - f ? f , ' i m i i f i - i t H t m t H ' i - f i m , imem i o o 8 H.,
n t ffsm, i ? f i ^ tff'i-??me?? m?Te? mim? i m vbl, 1. i o t r 1, ; (o) W t f - f f f , fi-itf'1-S'Wt (5 J i ,
IS? I Iflt ^te?? mm 'wrfm mtvm^ f?fs ie^ m^ i_cjji), imem 8ii5, ^. ; ( 8 ) t n ' i - t m , m i m f m--
Wfi?? itc w?itif ifvsm m? n t tmei? H H f ^ i ? i mtn, imem >oi(? H., VJÎ, i H 8 i . ; ((t) i i e m i i me?,
tim ?e tff"i-itif? mmei fc? ?f i f s f i ? cit?ftt fwm^m-m'wtm, m n m m (itfîtm) ioitr H., i i , i'ljfe
f i - 3 F f t f 3 5 ?ei I cm? cm?H vfro m f w ^ c?, mite S e ^ i., n t I t i i f m-fm f f f W f m ^ > L L J I ^ L ^ ^ J - . . t f t i ?
Itfi 1? m m vfl fimfi c?, tm i i ? itmm i fmt n ? 1010 H., i l , 1., 08Si. i . 8 0 1 , "bol ; (vb) wM-itvsmff,
wti?i iitf n t me]? mmftfiei? wm vfii? n H i e ^ wti-m?i''-iH', imem ioib- H., i i , oiv^ i . ; ( i )
icmw? mit s p f t f g s i t c ? n t mite tffm-itme?? i f ni m g m m t i - f i m ^ , mfti-t'sftms imt. E. G . Brown,
i c ! ^ fm ienmif n t miwemm wtcmtMt itfiei i t i t c m i f e i o 1., 'i5(M i., ; (b-) itvamn w r f ? , itft^m-
wtm-tf? fiew? cm? ?i n m ? i i n i?m t ^ f t i ? m i H m , cmmt i b - < ? H o i , i i , m i , % iia i . ; i i , i . i i ;
w t i - t f fm? vflt i f iimm wti-wtfift? "wt??n'i-wtfim (fe) n f i i i f , l i j u jij.=.ij j K i i j jihi j j o ^ cim
1 0 1 1 cf., i l , Ife, Oi, H(t,fefei , ; wm^ f . ( i o ) M.IVf.
(ji-UiVi jLî) n t mim'i-ft? wm-mft? wti-fitfiti Andati and L. Gardet, Introduction La theologie
(j.^^Li)f?iratf'i-'Sfi (j^jiî 5_;L^) ntwti-fmjiti- musulmane, i l t H i ife8b- i!5(?-vbbr, oHo i . ; ( i i )
i)-ci i i r ? t i i f i e i mum IC?? I E.I.^, o i , i o l i I
vflt itfi'^ w??fi?i? i? w t i - t f wteitm? fii??fei Wtim wifi (m. m. t.)/fi?tw S f i w t i i ?
mtH ^ Ij-o (wmtc?)-vfl fis^ ie?? [itfm? itfti w t i - m ^ f M - ^ * ( . L k ^ V I ) S Cwt) t1' ( - P U ^ - ^ J
vflt mvsfii Xi_ii>-o)-ifcn G # iniTt Hfiitenl i n wmm ' L L J ) n t i - U . H = c r ^ ' Lkj-vfl? wsf titei m f i
t n t f f?ie?n
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Contents
ifMtn I Uj . _ vs c?n, m? itfifi'?-'tm, ?umt ivni i. ; ( i i ) fitm

^Lkjl t o T t f ? lilt n t i i f t ^ê
ife 1 wtmn? ^ (imum-t ? I % ) , fiiUf'?- wti'wm, mmf i v o o f t
I L I L J iRmifiS? Ss,if% tu <tct I tm u s f
itin vs wsfim icn ft.; ( i v o ) t m U i i mtlU'^, mU'tf '?-UUiT-vfl? s^

(fim,'tmtfi g.) i utff
mm tmmj itnft i m m ^ ^ t u iin i Wfm, mmf i w H ; (is) uwf'i-itft, mi'i-mmt,
ifimm tm' icn viift spft fici? i t m u<, fn? mmt i f e i H ; ( i f t ) um 'wi^ wtuft, finiit-t "wt?;? vgu
n n imcsf m^ cm? imci i?m viinmn icm?w mt it-suf, 1? mt, licit i f e i i 1., ( i v J s ) Wright, Arabic
? t m Smm m:?T itfm vs wim cm?vs itfii m itci i Grammar, cii^w tSfitfift i f t i f i .
Sunfo ?m ?ttc itn n, n n wsrfi? ftitn m? ( j j j ) mmtm ifin (u.u.t.)/wtft um fs mttf? t?m
imft < j < i ^ v s ^twtci I msi? i?uif n c i v s wsificn mi *^ (j_^m. ?. ?. mmm J I - ^ I ) ; fnmficn? gtt^
m vflt imft? j ? m ml I ?si?va ^ Snenu? ; ?tf J-J-^, I J I ^ , h^, jj-ve
ml ^stmt
m t
C^'f
itn 1 tuci "ti-t-m#" n i c?n, ^LL^ vg ^ ? m
wtu, fifiu wtu) ^tc famtun fieiu (^j ,^ ^ ^î);
nt, C i ^ i ^ vg
J l .
wif?if?i fftcm? ite t m w< i t ? s ( i ) cnt n ? fi?
^ wen m n tit wmt iû uci,
cw , i i u j i j ^ vg ^ I^
mte mm n ; ( i ) fft vs wtu? fifiu wtm usf?-; (vo)
cma^ i i f ^
muff, fmmt v f l i t ?^t-c wm irffus (ftfitu)-'fl? oit fi? m if ?n? wmm vs fft ?tu me? (tn u?^?,
vfl??, i t m - i f l ? u iflgc?? wutu ?#m vflt -nm^ itmtfi fimgm-'wtm; wm f?i?ft, tf'?-'wt?m, fieu.) i
ifg; n n m m
tmen? gtf^ Sn? ?ft?tei s vflift. i f s v s u i uen i n
2 F f t ?Hu finfS ?tn i wt? ?fi
?5cn 1 3 i n (mm u: mt cn i? i?) vflt f n t ^ mfie? tf'?-fi? (g.) vflit wi?ft i o fm-ft^s tg'?-
itUt n n m g?f? m c i ( f i > f uftcn m: ufi tit wt?it (g.)-?ici itn i u n i vflt S? ten f i e i ? ?ff?,
imrftf f ? ? ^ ) I fnt^ imit i f l ? 5 f f i i wsfcun i t n (c?n, Utffn's mft v^fitfmi itffnt ?fiueis tg'?-fi?
umten mtvsi (g.)-vfl? -Qi^f^ m wtm if?u ffie
i - i f l ? wi n wmm m m n t wu m? t^) ti' ?Pru
itn i u n I m? tg'?-wt?it i?? t??ttm Cm) (g.)-vfl?
. < --v
iU ^tn u (wuu uftcn u: tit's t - t ' - ? t v f l n i ) i f??tft? wi?i'i?ei i t n i u n IS? tnwtm'U'wim

msfcunicn?mit?s t r u:ii cm, .r- - -s ô. Scsfcii ^-vfl? 1iwu (ten.itm) wtm ?mn n t f m
wsf miu n t o j ^ j-a's .-.1,1 wsf wn? I r.
fiit v s m imm wu fm i u i? i
m ^ 5 ( t ^ wt?tft 'wt?m' v s u itmttft' fsci fifiuen, vflt S? Sne??t vflift iiH 'Sifiti ^ nfti-tnt
ic=n ci? ien (vflmsfcUn vflit iei?)fim?iunei tt' titcn mtm wtm i u um ?^ iftite? wfimf i <flt
m 1? wm VflmsfcUn imftci im itc ^ n i u itc? mtit gt m'wtf?fit, um ifft m'mtet m Semmn
w?fit wtci? w< itei n wsrfii ?wm uei u i cm j fif wHH^ miff? m n i imtf mitn if m'wtc
j j i ^ (nft) vs
%?1t ?5H?t cut i?lt wffi^ tifm Uic n i tit vsufw? i
c.^L^ (wmft) im?n jju.-vfl? w< S?
fie? n "s wf^ I ?f? titei ^ n iHu cusu m mit itc? i n m'wtc iiu' (g.)-vfl? m vflit m'm^sS? vs mifim
c x ^ i ^ vg j^j-m w< ficmi ut u ; fif W3jfim f??t
^ vfl?t fiff? m'wtc fiu'wie? m ( ? ^ ' - v a ? in) tU
m I vflUimn I J L ^ vg ,
wtm iiic n i itfit, ituf vs ufif, mn-t itfti-vfl?
mmie cut mft mift? mm i u f ^ i itit i n
iiu fiifiuft ?en, wmim cUi i m i? ien w< ?it? m'wtc t?f? tif I t s - ? 1 ? m'm'sSi nt fiu'wie?
ilfieit n tl' n, wum ?ci i cm, -. ...\< vg in, wm ^[f^ ftf? m'wtc fiu'wie? i n (wti-wtftff,
titfi I il, ft8fe-ftft8) 1 mt cm t m fsus ui ien, um
ifi#t s ( i ) fimtf'i-'wtm, imft g. ( i ) wnm"?- Wf"ms (g.)-vfl? fm um wtci f i ^ i vflt mme?

Uvs?tf?g, mrnft g.: wtm-flw?, imft g.: (s) fiutfft
wu wtm ut, t i T U v s ut I ti-vfl? mil fcitien i ?
n t i n t i wtm -iu f ^ i ten f i n ten mtitc? iei
m
fi?tm, it?irti-t wiufm wtu-t ufmft, cim i i b - b - f t . ;

(ft) wtm-mtmit, fiimi'i-'Sfi, ^-sr it^?, fim? m. f i . ; ^ci, nfwn wiu tmtci cm? im? m mt wtm ?m
(b) im% t i f ' i - t m ' m'?-wt?m H? mtw?, '???i m. f i . ;
fîftl I
( H ) fftf "g-utu, H v s f t C i m ifevsji, f ( b - ) mmf
m e m ten f i n f i # r f i ifwfi i u f ^ s ( i ) citn iû,
m - f m
I t f ? , iiutfi-umiTs, lumf i\r\r<\ f ; (;*) ufspm-fm (1) f i i v s m iu, ( v o ) citif mm, ( s ) f? mi (itfiei)
fft, fimt^'i-wti'wm, ?umf i v i i % ; ( i o ) fwtwm w i u if^mg-U?^ mî Ui>n (*) tg"i-fifi-v^ra
wtft mff?, uvsutfi-itrnf, ?umt i i * i f t % ; ( i i ) f i i til f i e i i fift gu) UtU nt t fl - w t i i t ? f i ? i t f i
tntft fiieim
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Contents
tm
ctct % n n p m wrm mm, () t f i - f w ^ - n fiffsHf icn 1?fituenwffm icn 1 umim "flt ^[fe?
IM? 'IN iimtsm-H-? wtm ifnt cuait (H) afH m ififfHim êi M F imsHc c?i icnm
X5tiff?t tiffi 4111 'JLI IVI ij 1 v 'j_L 1 <L I 'j-u-^'i 'Jul1? 2)m ?^ ?TU m^sm ici f n ifim fw-fiien f^TU
'JLUUI AI'J 'JILÎ 'JJI ',^1 t f f c o i f f c s tntrnt^f ' N I wfiuen f3t i l f i l m vfto-i88v!s ic? FN ifim
mi im (wti-M'ftmf, wH-ftmt, i% i<M t.; w f a F i l iHei tuen ftn fiNlon ifci ft? lutei Hm
Wfl-Wtffff, i l ,ftftft-ftftb-)I fim mt1%2|f^ ien I
%t-ifl ficiisin wtimfififenSn^PT ^1? (wm ^mei I 1? fwiwfcn wfic? fasten ff^fift ntuu m i m
vflt it?et iiimf3Ki cmt mtt 11M 1 ifi cn cmt cmf# tue?? HSITN M ien 1 wf?F i m ?rcwi? Si?
mT ci mt 5f im wmft 1 ten fiifi (. > J,.L;I) ITI vflt i?en ISC??? f i f i msren m i f s r t i m v s n j if?E
mt^'smi-'fl? Tti Itfiit mi fi-H'^s-n i o Wmt ^c ucn ut, it Q ' WMT m ^ iffs wm fim tit f t i m
i l mfii lis (tntm, i l , lob-) I tci wtim emcn IC? I mu 1^, f t i m ' tue? wmf cifwen ITE vien
wm cititfii im im ITFIFT wntt im f i m i i 1 iiw?i imwen ftrfie ^^fim SFKN mi feift/iftife ie?
fnfs vstrnf ?ffif ?si I?TFW vg ^HI?ei UU U i v s u
<i!t ficn men ^ M wtfi 1 wtm m'wnt vflt FII
fmmre?tm mrten wift iic?^ icn cFCiiten I W t m vs 'sfiimf FI?sfi? Si? wtami ifimiu
mm 11fifitmien 1 TM 1? wtm m'wfm 1^ itc iHcUci?i
mmn fi^pft itwit ifim cT^SM emir c^rsm n 1 FN f l titcn i m vs FN cmmiiei? ift m t
I t i t f w i fii itc Si tci g?--^tcs? fiiiticn i i i i i
WFî I t i i ^ viiis f N ciumiii FTF ftiiHiei m m
cim-irm mi vflci wien gsi-FFM iff^ I^mi fcmi imtm fien 1feV8/iftivbici n H f^citli few f n ufif
fifim Iiei I mm ici 11 ium? uufwi f n uc? wtu i i l u f s f U i - s u U # u w t ? H f t m i e ? i U T itm
i u M IS115 S? tei ift?-fii#ticn atf IM^F fiti*fi 1? IfiffH u^ U C I , ifis cm M ci, ioib--fe/ivbofe-io
imtn <ai?tiitfileif?eiim wtfii mtuFIFMl U n 1 i c ? i f f i i 'WI??renwf?F Hwnuf uHf?FT?tisf ^te
S t f l i t 8 ( i ) fiwti I t f t i , 1 8 ib-8 ( 1 ) WH-fUff,
w?F5CI ? m w u m mcwj? ^fe? 1 f i f ? i tuen
wtu-nfti-, 11, i 8 i - ^ f t i ; ( o ) f t f i i , wm--ITCTI', ITUU mwteiiooo wm?t% VfliH mfiffifiienw u w i ^ wtm
ihb<t %, 11, o1-vJsob- ; (8) W t f u ^ , w t i - f n , f i f r
1? I mfitei f n itfcwj? u n i itci swmt atcm
utmwr w? HOT? fmufi? w f e ? wtc? 1 w? Ht IM
is.<bs. i l , vfeHft-^vft; (ft) wi-f?fiff wm-fn, ii?cm
i f e i i %, 11,8io-8ib-; () 11^ r?ftft, fim, mem
mtci tuen wmf?fitmmen n t ciuc? FN mw?tm
ifevbi i l , 1fto-lft^ ; (H) Wfl-M'^tUft, FIUU, i l ,
fitfTR iric? it?tc??i??F tHiimt?etnic??tfitci?
i f t i - i f t s ; (V) wti-wfftft, i l ,ftsi-ftvbftITEM ; (fe) wli-
l f l itf?T% 1? I
ufit, fiif"I-Sm (I*itiu Ifiici? n u MFII-itm 4tfi#F 8 g. wmt I mtiten wfn t m mcwj? tfitcn
w u g . Imperial Gazetteer of India, ivoi, (ifeov
wtfii ii Hfi) I
mttnt iHn (u. u. T.)/ . wtiff wfti volft-b- I
J. Burton Page ( E . I . ^ ) y f U I Wtfi?
( JIAJI) S wtiuum ?tc ioo ficitfiti? Sw-
f^fiei wiff S<3? w?lcB? f f iHcifl mf5 ficn M, '^^^rl^(^^^:!?l ^ ) 8W<F??IF?Sn?itlf
TM mfifiei? ffm^ wifii i?i? 1 vi/i8m mei titc?? tg^-Fm U t f m-m? ?tei's wffi 1 >fit Smtnei
mwfii fiff itinte? w f i tiwmeS? stiUiei? uniei? tmci M ? t? U M?t-t? m 1?; F?^? TU if^-unti
ifci lU-iiit F??fm m i ficimtFITTUT1? wfitc?? wu UF?munT??miHH I <a.a-u>U<,j.î wsfSnfi
mfiiwfnicnfiteuwi^ I i i wtim ucn wtiei'owmt i^ÛU n WTM? ScRfcu ?i?i- im N I WRF?-?F, fun
mfi inntc i f ? i ivsu? 1? t i m v s <iiitm uu fsf i f i g (j J < 411 i j ^ L J i j 118IV) wen icu cin
wgfim I f f i itc n 1 wnumten nfiifF&uwmf? f i ? i ifiu WTM? Hcfi ftf?i im mtfÛ ((JI_..>-JB U
m H?^5iff tim? * t f ^ fitfif% IM wu uu utm m i
^ j j ) m imm C5f mm 1?, vitt?;? mf<ifitc5tmn wtfm
fn I n ffi TM finm; w t ^ i ifimrm cig Hue?
wmm (.1 f) MUT tg*i-wmiT un wruifi N 1 f i u f
TM itcFITT?I o ficitfim fics wnm ?ic? (uouc?
ftu 11? ue? wffi) wtcaiH ^ UtHn f i ? fiiti Suei: i i ? f mmen Ttei? uun WTM TM n s f - w n ' j f
ie?i mi b-i5/i8ift n ^c v o i / i s i v n -ii tuc?? 111 cuftcn wrur?en ?mfr icn ifim T M FIUMFM
Uwt? finiw w??? f^-Hii "5FIE uei 1 w?eici uwt iH (JJ 14_iL_A_ub) m N 1 TU io fm-Hms, nt f i i fim
t m f FIIEM
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Contents
Stwm f l f ICUTxo^.tnif ^ imsn i^'sfjf^^ I w< umm-vfl? Hmt? (cuu)

^ %
tnHn(wMtf'-ti%u)w#l?r(U^tlfu5.) 1 ^scsf? Sn? I vflt Sn? i itvsvam THei Sgufi n i t e n

iflt H n H m (ut)-<iRi W f ? va Wfi? f ? U % Hen fe? mtmtfm-H-? u cusu itc? vflt H? t e n
(vsH 8 i o i - i o H ) wf?u:? c m n ^ t o ? w u I C I ; n t mtuc? wu t?iici u t m i n t iif m ? iHc n I vflt
f # R w?c? n i g n s ? n m f?Hc?? w?j vflt f ??lf u u mtmt f 8 f i i e i vflt t ? S n n cuiuen f c u i cn, tif
f ^ f ' w i i t U 8 (uoMc? vg-?ftHf?)-?ic? ? u i t f ' ? - w m i t fmmci 3pH-(?yt-^c if?ai m i cift-us, ft-fam atesm*?
f ??lf n t w t f i H i w f f e i H ? u n ? f ? H ? c n mH 1^ ê vflt miuit wtm I U vaufw? I i m u u i ? , n ,
t?ilf f[?U? ??^ f ? H n ? ?c? vfl n t m m ? w f g H wii wftr, ciw? iH n n it' (j-L^) i H m ( f i i f f # m )
uc? I f m f u u s i H c ? t u w??< ?jfe? w u w u u u ^ u S m fur, i i ^ m ? w? i t nû m ?i^ vg^rt^ i
(vsufw?) n I i c j i m f ? f ? H m um^ n H g u , c?? u mi-vfl? i H u i umi i c n iitti,mi^ i c n i i ^t^
It?? w m n ^c u w c n um^ vflisH ? u u S t f m f m n I 'tf'i-fieniiii-vfl?wu t?'g. i
?sUU? I i ^ i ^ 8 1 ? i?c^ Sfifi i f t ? f va fif-^ i f m ^ n
f ??t% U 3 H?tH ??n? ^c i t n uH t?Hu sttmtf "i-fi? wum g. i
3 F H (utu, c f f t , ui?-uitt, Hfttm tiiH) ^c f ? ivgu E . Mittwooh (S. E . I.) /8 -fl?. wr?gi l i e n
?t^f? I m i U f " m - t n ? ?? itc f m f ? u n wi?s i ? ,
^ ^ ( ^ ^ ) 8ifiiwc<cum?f?wf?f Uwffiwmfen
n u S f g t ^ (?Tn H ? H?) f t f u c i n t c?? H e n
ffe? ? e 5 f ci? 1 ? I H H f ? U f ie?? H H Hewt ?l?i' ? ^
c^m u m i m n uwitiH wtûfii Hovo/ivsoo ite
la-v/ivofti ml? l i s itf? ( f m ) - v f l uw^ ifiufi? c ? t
f i t ? U ^ w u c n ? l f 1 UHC?V8 K ? I f ? ? l f ? ?
I t e i ? cwm ?j?i i t u itci i vflt it^ i t e i ? etfitt
?t?i' i H u ? ??? u ? t s i ? f ?wtn? ^^f^ W W ust n 8
iiuf'?-f? m f ? m m u w f ? f?mf%? um? ??<
i f i m m wu vsiewtf (oldjejû) i ^ cif? n i tf i t
" 'Q a f a ' ^ r r ^
sfus-? f???i I C fH ''iit?'3Lîi wtfitff (g.)-n ? t i n
"WtH WTU? f ? f^?ttiii H H w t i m ? f H f f H fic?? I vamewtf? S^sufntf wtf u t ? - v f l ? w f n fH 5
iHuenert n H t t n n t w i H f U n ? H " (^ 8 vo) i tm m ?it?t f i c n u , Si?^ U i f i m tm imt
i f l v s f i i sjuR if??ificn n, wtf. Hift/i-oift ue? ifiei=
J J J I < L L - 1 J ^ S L ^ j,i
1H f m n t it? n i itft-vfl? mf? i f i n f ? i e i iftt
liui-aJ I J'j'l ti'lj IILIIJJ d V- ml i H u f i c n i wtf u t g - v f l ? ffi? i ? im Si5?rHiff
"wmt wtu? ?'i=it, wtu? f m f , wiu? # n , wru? W1?U el's? (Aq)a Ke'un)-'fl? wtc?ei mm? m Hvjwj/iovs'b
nf??t wtHi? wu, HH HH? H e n i H i t n , ?lit? mfe? f i i n i f m - u m mfUn ^stm u H f a ti? 8
cit? i f u u t . . . " (vb 8 i4>i-4>) 1 i?i? u?i?? m 1? wtltfm-f? mtf%? m , fiuim-f? ?i?f??ts, u i f m-f?
"CI wirni ' -flt U 3 f H t H U i n t cl?t?t w u f ? U f fs^tm n t wtf t f i t i " wtUfm-f? I i n fg f< i t e t
uHcH, f U t f H tit u f r u?" tilH i l?i? "HfHsiH rm fim? fusfitest fm-'fl? iii?m? wtf. Hvo(f/ivovs(f
wtm muu?" ?Hu ?T?i' ?mt i? i ifit "f ??if? u^ wt^rn iim i # i f i m u i c n i vflt min wtrnifm-fen wfif|fc
i m c^lm u, t m citiva u, n t t m ?nei c'N? ci?iUai f m mm i i ? f i ? f im fiiiffi^ n , f i f tm i??^n?
wruen ti-<3U" ( 1 1 8 o i ) I wtfiPiut8 fci i H u ? u n i ? imfiU'8 tm imm im*fl ifie w f i m ie?? i mm
? f ? ? 135 u m n t citi i H m 2|?lw?iCi InH it i mfw wi?s 1?, u m w i m u^ c m Hofe/ivovoir-fe u e i
f ? u f iflt i m fpttc^n i H ? I wt? >flt tms?t? ^t^ w< mut??rv8-ifl?fgjc I mtf^mf?mrfomeiiif'wt-
^ f "Hen vflt mtiif n, icuw? itc? c? im m? H i t mtfi-vfl intaFw <i'f??iificii; H f fH iimm? iHe n t
vfln H Hew? fnHva w M n ue? f ? u f iHc m if i cmtf (Gobanid) f ? imm-<fl? n H mt if?c mm
im? "wtm f"Hen wm-mt? wn iH?nen wisic<i ??e?" (< n I cicu^ uf^ vflin icmrn '2m mtii i f i u f i m e n
8 i i i ) I vfltwu f m e n vflt Heii % "wis? cim stHitn ift f m wtmi iHm? i um%t m m n ific u u n
i f ? w u miu wtm 1 ? n t f i u f i?" ( i o i r s i ) i n t f ? l i f n iic? i e ? i i e n t wntm i e ? t iso/ivoso
iifci- t m - i t H m wtci I l t d f ? i i m ? n f i T U i e i imt i c n n wfiufmii
i f i ^ 8 g. t ? i?^, tire SHH i f i f t itft i l f i vflnt m f c u m t m i i i ? m n, fH cit f t ? i1?Jti
H i i i e i S i H u t wumg. i i?it i f f i m ie?i: ^ i??f ?i?t f i t i u n i t u
E . Mittwoch (S. E . 1.1^8 vfli. wi?g? ?sien fifiu wtcn I vflt mva mu tm i f f i f n ; fH cmtf
t m f fiiem?
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Contents
tm lib- tm
mmci? mfm n c i n m m gt ui'^ itc if mfî n H nn t?T?^ (FI?m, F I I T I ) ; ^ F ?
miif< 1?, mtm*^ mti-n cm^m f i t c i fifcg cifmm i o i iei? F F i f i f i tm mm ITAIT m m i??fitci
n ifi i f n nt ff? Itm-t f m (g.)-'fl? ma? 2fff?t i i m f ? I F I I i m i c n 'SitH' ?T 'nf'ici ijn n

icn, fif mt f?m n I tfncu mj'Sg-m ffim-'fl? (f. fienmei, m f i itiitf, i i , i i f e - i f l tm^ c?i nt
f?ci msfn n nt c?m? ff? rnmtci? n mt Yaghi- fm?3 F I H I , imitm M S , 293) t iflt SitH n\n^ f 1?
basti-? mfi ^ meat mfw 1? I m?mci mnti mit niitmrf I^FI F N (f. -M???! SitH n f , nts trni?
m ' ^ - m i ? iflimt m#tt qtmmf tmitci? nw wnn m, tm?^ fimci TTTH ; f. Sir G . Clauson, An
icn I Yaghi-basti-? ntwm mtrn'Sg mti fm? cffic etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth century
m n 'nt (mtitc? ff? iso/ioso mte? fi^tntn Yaghi- Turkish, mwi i f e i i 1., i b - 1 ) I m iflt iflit mf
basti-? ic^ f?i n I mg?? c?c?r^ ?TF^ mtmci? mt t m mm nf? ci^ ICMWI fli ( i ^ I T ft ê Sî
i?i iHcn int ?c? mtcmr ifim? i fmt it?fci m? IFLIH fgmtmn ficim), iflt SitfiH tcmiem citiei?
X 5 f i ?
iHm mr F^m? mHm mrttcflcn, m^ ??c? fitcn mi3C1? ?if?1 Hitfifilfl cut m (g. Drevnel-jnrrkskiy,
mT Itm-t f5tci? fgj mt?tc? fitcn Ww^ it?t Clfilil ife^bfe l i b - ; S. E. Malov, Yeniseyskaya
iff? I mtf t ? m f?f?'3c?t ft? m ? m fnt itc tmmm Pismennost Tyurkov, iem-ClH?it i f e f t i %, ob-, 8 f t ,
mft m ifntficn, lanfm ntiiiitn-'immmif 8fe) I ITMITF V G m ^ - f i tm, tm-cFI?, tmifi
it?t iffcn I tm mm mm ?tn fi??tcn Si? f?m? (TITIF&I) SITFIÎ^ nnmci mn t t (g. G . ciauson
if?C at?TF ^tci FSFTUT? iftll (g.)-'fl? ^fi mn ?TC? f.I., i b - 8 - f t ) 1 i f T ^ n e ? F T M S n n t V S I E M F I I T F I F I M F ;
Ititc m^s ffi fisf n, ii? f?FW I mt?c?? if?ifc ê t m "mtf" (?) ^ê IFS iflt SITFI? m i ? ifliH
mtf tfiti ?t?? nt fiimrn itct fimff n mtt, mrt ITVSM m (g. Drevnetyurks Kiy slovar. i o f e ,
Si?f f m iic?t m??^ it?f iffmtflcn n t m?ft l i b - ; G . Doerf^r, Turkische und Mongolische
H(t8/io(to nm fsnwtftici? fiit mm?<i ic? i fif Elemente im Neuperschen, 8 1 , ifei^-fe, it i f e o o ; f.
tm ic?t ff? ii?'m-t mtf?-'fl m n icn nt itm-t P. Pelliot, Notes sur I'hlstolre de la Horde dor.,
n^^-m fi^ ??1? mt ifimt tmititcn fici w m n I UtHm, i f e 8 f e 1., ib-1-vo ; fm-1), t m m ?IF?I fiitfific
f?m m??^ ^ ? T Ff? ?f iten nt f m t mteiei fii ft n ?Tst? U'F Hfi muifst tit i l l cific itsu
n mei? mtfiici? ic^ FFnca? mr rnif^ n m I ff?M?iiei?miuf^ ie?tmUff ite leuf?
(<i(?b-/ivs(?<i) I mmr ifi 'S?T?i-t mtitf iflift cmîtm mm ie?i IT ie?; f n f i ? iten mum tit m - i f l ? n m
f m ^kitnmf tntci?''jfimi ifnten I ifii I F (nukers)-? Sitfi?rci I # I F N i
affiif s ( i ) mtf ITF? mti-F f mti-mt^, mfi-t umi fin mHucn i? iflt SitfiH, m umi Iten
m i Svsitn, mf. J. B . van Loon, 157 1. ; (1) l l i g m it?ei, ffcn leu I^FI tm-vfl? m m ifiif ici?
ITSTFF, m f1-t 'sflts, imt. Browne, 6 2 2 1. ; (o) Si? itmu 11 ??? I icmt n t f ^ F ? f 1? it?F i^fitfii
itaf? f ? f , f m - i r m , m^- mtftf ; (s) t n mtfts, f n f i tm Seal UtUci; I F I I MEf tm cm? i t ^ i m
11, bv-H% mf. Gibb, 11, o o b - - i v s ; (ft) it^sir mn, i u n U t , ci fit tit mt S ^ i i f iiit, fiei?
mtmnf? Uii ?Tf^'fei fieii i u n (Sunei? mr gtu
J. A . Boyle ( E . F .)/m. ?. ITFT Quatremere, Histoire des mongos de la Perse,
^fi?j- ( j j l j I ) ? (Sm?i tm-, tit? nt tm), FIFG i l , 1. L-Ll, fm b-8, mffis; g. FISFT^'g-F? I F I F
f f <3 iemi ciiifn t#i nft Sitf? I wtm-Um, MTT. F. Tauer, i l , hb, i 8 i , 11, i o f e , i i b - ,
mit imft F#f fSnti? t m (m< "Hm i?T, f i ^ i 8 b - ) I ne? ne? vflt m fa tmiiei (tmti, tuHm)
I f l t
i?t" tTtH) ^ê S ^ n H HeiiT nmi mi itit citfiirc? i t m f ? VFLIH FIEI? cff? fisr? I I T I F ? r c i Seal i u n
'mHi ?f, Hi^, F??eiriT ?jf^" m<F nt? ?5e? i [^f? SiHtl [f. Sum' VSU tuHm, fii?Hm ^sm titm, uvsmif
mei? fiH^ i?j v f l f ? fiflifci m i n H mifii ' v n ^ - i ^ v S ' VSU trnim, I t n m m VSM ?itm U tmH-m (VFLIM
CI t m ?tm cific it^sm m mm F? m tm mifii mtfcn) TJTFI? UT? im?F ] i minrnf ut ?T?FTE<3
mft? icf? StH fieii ie? itat; A . A . Semenov 11 i^t mUt IFLIT MEf ISFI F N ; i f l t f t n ifl?it fme W ^ N
?tm ff? c?-mTf i m i?T itmrei mite imftci 'm?f mf? tmien icu % n ifim Scgi I M itmei,
t m , (mfin) ^^t? Sff ?fim m SSTCI'S mm c m m mm mitu fnm-vfl? i m fn (g. v . Minorsky, in
n H I??firf? itHfmi Sm? ^ c ite?] i l i i i t FARTTI? BSOAS, i o / i l , i S . 8 o - 8 f, i l o - i ) I
t m f fiieim
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Contents
tm life tm
VFITGIT fitfnmi?r w, f ^ f t ? 'mtfmm Sufift UÛUff-'fl? Sumi clliflifi ff? i M iei? icut ^flt
cmmi m I F L F I M 5?w4 itwa ifcit i # f m i I uH mtei f?35 ^ fiufli 8 St? ntmui, fiit nt
mum-wtmm-'fl? m'fr t n îrf i i ipfs fim, mf nt fim, ii?if nt H-tm-, uitm t m
mi-ifl? mtmiif itnif? mmm f?f5 w^tn? finci 'Sitfift? m< f t i ? I ^ m [i^, flola]-ifl? ie fiif ?tei?
t m cm Scii F T (f. V. V. Bartold, Socinenya, 1?fs!5? Sim t m temieu mt^m-itf? itiuici ifiitf
V i i , ofeo-o) I c? tit fif^ CT VFLT m i tit i#i f n I i l l iff itîflciM I titflit8fmtmf f?Hîtlt?Tfii
fitm wttti fitff iff 'Smgm-mrti-VFL? f n n muff icm fffî I mtf*i-itf? fat mtfU-ifl? tei^ fifi
( I I R I imi? i f f mt, f. I i m- A. A. Semenov, mtcifo itwtu-H f i - i f l ? Ci? mtei Seii i u ituei n, (imt.
IFEFTI % oo), f?m f f m. (f. iii8/iioi)->fl? ?i-STV54tc=i Desmalsons. ff if^, oil, mf., ofti) mf<[*l-itf 11
t m fintm ^flim iiif?fw#f? fficmcn ff?cf Itmtfi ite f u mff uHm tmei titiHi-
fic?ifwvs itfion I 'S?t?fm m ( i i i 8 - I F E / I I O I - I I ) - V F L ? SitH i m I U 1?, ?H t8fc? f?f%tn S^ ?T% t m
"sfirm ifuff, I F L I M I t n i (mm m ?s,7m u f ^ ) - ( I Sttfi? mfimf fl? (f. i^, f t tf^, oi<ii, m^. o8fe) i titei
I F L I T msf iciijif i m ifnt t m t i nt iii iff? fi- ifltmn nut i u m n, Sien tmtei? nwiei Sw?
citi-c? fi-f? f l [ f. ciii-c?fi ], [f. 1^, 8ft, ifei) i m I f tn Sff I U 1? um u f F i t? t??fifei Sim t m
1? I IFLT uf^ i f l i t ^ m s f ?twlf? fficmcn ? m flcn ( i ^ , cmi ien I mtfft m-ifl? ifimei f ^gf^ c? m ?^ g
i o 8 ) I -mt? i?iof mt? ^tw? S^?^ mtu m ifcifvif mfm ? 5 f i e ?rnifcnifn?n nu m n, t m n n v 3
Hen, I F L I T ici t m Siff? nt ?f citi c i f ummt it^ iigmmfilei?f?nftf?m?ftnmiff fl? (g. Nakaz
n ( i ^ , I O O , i i i b ) I iiiViHfeb- U C I fum mtifi i i t i f i i Borisu-l Semenu Payukhlnlm, fi5T?l<[< iirfes
fif? i f m?u'S'i-mm G T iut? t m Scii ic? g i i i f, 8 0 - 8 ) I Ufi? m f u mfim ifim t? ( i i 8 o
( t m - t I t m ) , f i f i itnwm Hen ifit 8 m S^tif imfi citatfas m?fi tm- fU Ue?-n if itmci
i n f ? I C U f? f#? (cuti-ciff? i?) flcn nt itm iHl n I
ufif f n mf? itc H ^ tif liwtiei? i H ?twf? ff? ib-i ie^ f?--5f<ftei fiit citcat? fitmi?
mteii mnm uu i flf? cgfc flm t m - t t??, mm mtf? t m ue?-ifl? i t m f ? iHi n n t fH n i t i
ufif flm uwf? fiem? ?m i u nt icii ite mi ifit ien tm ifeio % nm wwm mifi Uei n t
ife?n f i e i f foiei? mf uf i n iu, u?T I t f t c m ite?f ite?f tltfiiei "t?t^"-?n:i ?'f?t i u i? I ^flt
nt ik?? mi mm f t f c i 1???t11U (g, Pis'menniye ?tei? f ? i i n iflifm t m iiife/ibros mtei fiewei
pcimyatniki Vostoka 1968, icm I F E I O ft<i), FTI) i u??iei cmu ien I tm i ? ^^c f ^su-ifl? Sien i i t 3
N. Khanikpv (O. Plsaniye Bukharskogo cgf? wu tuu icw'|s5 Sitfie tHi i? (fvsu-n
khamstva,C1% fittiff IB-8o f, IBAO-ft, ib-I) i cimtm <^fUfiif(t IFLT I t ifi? citcat? Sell ifnten ?1ite
m^ t u i Sell ifimrcn, t m ufif f|i f?-t mn?, mrffi-1? ^^c tm- i n t n ^ i m I U 1? (g. 1i??tm
tfii-miTf nt Uiim-c?ff Sitfim^ iitntf mien mi-tl-m, itf. 3176. 578 a) I fltilUtfl m ( i l l o -
itmmei tm fieun mtf^ I U ; ?titg tm itcei 8o/ib-oiij-ift)-ifl? uw^^mei T M cwji mm itfifgm
i f ^ t m - t tn-'fl? ?mn I miT ci? mffil [gj-ifl? tm-cn Sufi? miitf flcn n t tifei im ^
ne? t m mutu iHi? SitH cmum imifsi te? iHi mfi*i-Smt'- ( i ^ , f. 316 a ; fif iff^ n i w mtmfi-
1 ? ; fmm t m mft? f l i ^ s s itc lis? fte?, m m 'fl? uu 1?^ S?en mf? fieii i u ^ ) i tm f^ mitei
m^QUfH-? I C U I f i i - t f i - n t tm--mii un uHH i u it I ff? i f e i
f V Q U une t m SufiH Sien citf? cusffci i m ici? I U fci t m - n i SitfiH' m - n Smfiitfei i m
i?T it ntitifiimn tm mtfi" [Sm g.l Sufi? I U 1?, 'flt uf^ umi Itmtfi iicn i?? ite? I ? ^
ie?t mfetm -s?^ mm^ f|i i f vau-n i^fitfii fiii tg.] f i w ? mfuen fc? (ib-io f ) m?iT ^flt SttH Smfimf?
mt$['i-itf tg.] (iofto-ife/i'ii8o-'iio)-ifl? f iitifii itmen cmst i n i w T u ^ u uen cm nwiifii n ^ i 5 i t % n
ium mm ?*fm Seii ifnten n, mt^*i-itf i ^ iffi wu mm n (f. A. L. Kuhn, tlfHftSS m VQI?C?^5|I
o8 w? 'mtitim num iH m - n ifium 8 w? t m nt %ffw, cifiiit u m iitcûm ?fw ifitat, -mt?
msf? mnm? tm-" fli (fmuvsm mti-tim, i/io, f. m o-ii a^b- b) I titei n t Sien cifatifcn
it^., t?fft1tS&w?VQF?n^ffw, ciH?IFitu, C - 5 7 1 , m t?t^ uf iflt SitfiH ite?t ite^ ^sim w u t u masstmi
f 65 b) I uf?H f u-n IFH ^tc nw? tm- ufie?, atmlUlt^ I
tntf fifcm
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Contents
tmi(mwtnH)
(1) Le Comte de Landberg, Arabica, fti. mitc?
lilt Sitfift mmci s{m? i m it 'fit? (m titm) ib-feb- lo^b ; (o) R. B. Serjeant, Saiyids of
mt?f %f siiw?i? m<if ? fiSt ??<i5)tiim n t m n ? c ? n f Hadramawt, mn ifeftH i H - i V ; (8) cmn. South
m1i% ^m? i m i tit 'mf f i t m mn? iife? f ? n ? Arabian hunt,?n i f e H %, oi-o i
t i l ti^ it< \s^m? ife? 1 n t mm mmu fum-? ?]i? G. R. Smith (E. I.^) / ^dtUT tUgf?
<flun SmHIt 1?^ S^??f i s H f ?tt s artnPti ?=^??ns %5mr,'^^(jL>.î. ^ L L ; i ) 8 n w ? f c i r m i ? u c n
mm?fn r#m:? 2t?H i m ^ (^. v . p. Naiivkin, n t f m tffi! u n ?tci?.m ( s t i f f ? ?u îif? Smf?
Histoire du khanat de Khokand, Utf?? ib-b-fe 1., ftm' itc S v g ) 1 turn ftm/iii iif? ci?tci ffi?
io8) 1 u f i i iten S^sufntftcn iCu msitcn fcuci f?cw rnifn
affift t (i) f T smni SHiHt i f m f ? mHHv?, (i) B . [fnm UI? (f.)]-< n f t mf? mwi sifit i c n i hi/i^n
Ya. Vladimirtsov, Obshces-tvenniy stroy i l f ? c i ? i i i # lit ?ti'^?tf? f l i i ifi? fiufific
mongolov. (mf??5}t ihos %,o; ( l ) P. Pelliot, Notes t u f c n m u^su m, n <^fitfii?? itiicn mmci mf
sur l'histoire de la Horde d' Or, iJtfi? iS>8S> 1., mrmt ?'=f?t'ifntcn I
ib-l-\s, f i T 1; ( o ) A. A. Semenov, in Sovetskoye- t u f u fnm u i ? - ^ ??? 'Ufifwji ^ mmfn ?^f<f
vostoko-vedeniye,ft?.,(ihav ^.,). i 8 b - - f e ; ( 8 ) i& (mn, mm? if ml ifmmva cntun mitcn f t ? f l ? u f c n
in Materiali po istorii tadzikov i uzbekov Sreney i?f?it ; ^ c ? v 3 m?f^tcn f i m f l f ? u f e ? n t ucwt?
Azli, 1?, %rtf??mr? iixts f , :>; (ft) A . L . Troltskaya, mr3?ici f u f (g.) uc?? n f t f t f ? I'mu' ifntcn
Katalog arkhiva Kokandsklkh khanov, XKveka, H?ft mitc??ci if uffu f?c mr I'mcmitcn wu
sm iS>br 1., (t8(t; (h) ^ (mn, Materiali po istorii
lit ftmtfu l i u s l i u s m m fumti if?cv3 f itcu? if?
Kokandskogo khanstva XIX v, nm ife^ f, ft, i i ; U1 ftHfe/iib^ mte? f f f m ? mim''?-ft? 'flt ^ iHten
( H ) Radloff, Worterbuch, i?, i v o b i - o ;(v) G. Doerfer,
mf^H i f ^ n Rtm i H u fnr m t f ? ? - i f l ? m a f f i f ? ???if-c
T u r k i c h e und mongolisehe Elemente in tm mT?-f^ fiaici stm i c n i iflt mn ite ?tei? iflt
Neupersischen, 1?., liH-lo, i t b--fe ; (fe) E. V. itm mfn mm gtft n s uei i uit iSi, tuf
sevortyan, Etimoldgiceskiy slovar tyurkskikh f u f c n m f n , fum fmtfcn mum mtf?? i n miit?fi
yazlkov, lOT i f e H S ^ . , ^fts-^b i vs U t f f n cwun c?i m^ Sc^ i <^ mum t i t fs mm?
Yu. Bregel (E.I.^)/51tm? tUgf? n f t fap? mIi Cleg's if?? mr i t u f itmien cim
'Sf-ilô ( O J I -ij^c) 8 i'f??mt>s-n n f t i n ; tm n t ^ i u wtu m u t I
imrnm^s S?itiTOm? m f i m n t f f t ? ^c it? (nm i T ^ i f f . 8 t?ffen mmeim?^ mtfifmiuf%tfi ( t n
i o mt? i f t 1i81?8 ii1?ns m ? f f I t?-n f?jm? ?i?m?ft i f v s i i c ? ? ? n f m'i?i S-a^fl? t?fm-mrnfi', fift? utci?
mm f m i ? t n mt?? n t m m tm mt? ?l?f5 ffmuns VQ m?JU) U Q U u t n 8 ( i ) Cl. Cahen, Le Diyar Bakr
?m?i? mm? f mi? t n mti?? >st mm imt i m^ ? n . au temps des premiers Urtukldes, in JA, 1935
im? ii?c? i s t tfnmfS m i m mtfm? Smm? f n t itc n t (1) i^ C ? n , Mouvements populaires..., in
f f mcitnm mff? it?tei i tm lomn ii?mtm^-ii? Arabica, 1958, 244 I i^*^ f i U f i f i mmc^g. ( v s ) A.
w n mfcum 'si'f f4 i t v a i 8 (g.)-? ? f t ? it?iti i f n f t Gabriel, Voyage archeologique dans les provinces
tm? liw^ armf? n sum timft f f n ? wm fiijt, orientales de la Turquie n t ( 8 ) J. Sauvaget if
m i t ^ f t t mm?? ? w s i i f ? itc mu? i t < i i mii^ft? i fiUHfi captfia, HtmfifSf ?t bird; (ft) mis g . m ? f # t
l i t m i i ff? um f t f t ? mfimffi tiin? mi?mm-vfl? Hciim ifl?tmus?f??î
m 'Sti f*titn Hi 1? I uft ii??ruQ m?3cm f n t f ? Cl. Cahen (E.I.^)/ m i i W f ? ? i m
f H i : ^ i? i m ? w r t u t 'msipsaam u? n t n mfstf?' rt^HtT) ^ - n ^ ^ (J I J L L J I) 8
wHi mc U i N ? w?mtui mtfUfii i > s o o i îu?itc? f?f^ m?-mifif"m-miui mtsf"g-f? mfm-m? mm-'mmtt
nm Ufic?>8 ?un IT? tit w?f<31 Landberg cma m w - w i t i f m?-uf?f, fim? -a fmHm mtffi f?"!?
' i i m C m n t ' ) u m ? i ? m m ? , ? f ? a m n CT,st^stf? ( b - f t H / i S f t x s - b ^ / i a v b i ) I t H wiifai mRntfim Hen, ? f i i
miUi? fmtf? mi? ?i?mftf apftf<f i 'mru'Sm-f? H f e f e / i v s H f e mn f i r c i i f i ? i H u it?c?ic
i f i # t 8 ( i ) H. von "Wissmann, Map of Southern i t u m e n (if^mi - f m ûH -ûc^ rni-'mmt) mt.
Arabia, Royal Geographical Society, mn ifeftv 1.; u?f 1 - (g.) (mti-

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^JJU-QLLJ I 7> nil

^jp*tmr *tflwr?r ^^o^fn?T ^ 5 ^ s f ^ ^55^5^ ^^Mif^

^"S^ ^^^^ ^ Wf*f

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^>i<=iiwt) 'ii^ ^ ^ s n ^ - R w f ^ ^i^^ftvotft ^\h<>(.^^ ^^i^^TCiT? ^ T C ^ ^ T p r r f ^ -JFt^c^^R

t?rt c^rfs ^ ^ v ^ ^ ^ I^ w:^^ "^i^l ^^r^?, ^fi^ e f ^ m m ?Ff^ ^ooo

^51^ ^ w?i 'iit fiiWTt? ^ (jT^nrt? cm^ 1 ^ ^ ^ i ^ rtferr ^ ^tj

^^^t^ t^'^^i^TO t r o s f ^ ^ ?5?1?

ii^t ^ t^Mltt 1%^^^:^ -^m t^ihi ^Wf^ ^ 1 ' ^ ^ r f l ^ w f w (^'t^, ^r^trw,

^>isiilii<ij ipi^swH ^??rtm

twTf 1 c w r 1%!^ ^^a#^ wfwtit -ii^^^ti^ ^i^fcf c^^Rc^ t%f^>il^l^j<i^lft i

wt^rraf^ ^ T T C T ^ - ' i r a s } ^ % n % wit^ l ^ M t % ^%rm ^rmr f^m^k^^ ^snj^u Tyi^^t^

js^uo^ "sn^c^ >i|viiBt<iJ, ^?:^f%^, ^ # i f ^ ^ i l f t n ?#;^ "^r^ ?ff^l^ i f%,

^7iTm ^yp'^i^ ^sitoj^^ ^sn^ft, - s p m ^ ^ s ^ f f f ^

^ ? 5 T t w ^ iss'^ss ^>t'=ii5) f^'^^ fit^mt <iif-ii51fif^ef^ I wg<H i^'i('i5^'=i<^^iw 2f9m ^

2m*t^ 'Sf^'^ ^ "^n^'ra^

^?.w=t1^^ f^s7?ilw ^ 1 w f ^ ^ M t l ^ ^ p i S w - ^ et^mt ^o#?f *w*t ? 5 f e

(i^ ^t) ^ 'sf^ (cj.?! ^n) ^ ^ ^ I s i ^ M ? w ^ ?tf%%rm ^sfrj ^ i f t ^

^t%m csfffe tm ^^^"=1 %rn:^ swPt^ t i ? ^3TS[5fii ^ f^g^^tt^^ ^c^s "sl^rm^ i

f t # r f ^ '=#'$f ^ip^'^f ^sfmnM 'sttsjf -ink^ ^ ^5t%?rt fes ^ f f l ^simt ^'^-'^51^1%^

vs/fvo^aa^af ^wllj-l 1 ^srtsraf "^l^lc^t<^ W^^>I^C^'5l a t f ^ - s f t ^ 'fl^ ^-sT^^ RRwy ^^N^l ^

9i9bii<i5 wm R?mt ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^n^^atef w^rt? I^ntw -sn^, ^ # ^ 5 ^

pftoi:^ t^=T^ f^^?R:^ twl^'^

(M^'^-^^ ^ %nwt ^ ^^t^ 'itk^ i f k ? 1 ^ WRT '=it^-'=t(f^i^ t ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^

1 =^a 3=^z ^ ="51 m

1 =:t i E=^c 3=?i-zh ^ = ^ 0 =^ n

im+1^='^, J-J='^fra^, Lt .1 ,.7, = ^tnmt,

f^X < ; f ^ 't^ I ^^'f^ i<i5i^>* J = ^ i_fJJ = 5rt#, <?ra^ J = 1^ = -R-^, J = ^

^51^'^ c^^rm <jrbiii ^sjtf^ ^rein t^^icK

^snt^T, ^snf^mrs, ' a r m , ^m^, t s r m , ^^r><)>m, % h , ^?rrtiT, ^^^i^n^, ^lifH, ^ /

(71, lilt ^^i^ ^ "^sn^ift, m ^ ^ i ^ f%wt ^ft% Tsjiit^ <^ ^^r^ ^

^. wB^ (R^gl^.i^. t^sTti^)

ift -"tflPtt, suppl supplement

s 1 wrat^ 1 (^>aiH (^m)

t'MN ^>ii'5^, ^ti>^, Novbr, e i o '5.'S#^5JT5T^'!fH g S H o , 8Hi

^|ip\oH C W H S Opb-, <H(2-o HovS

^. -Jp. '51. C^tC'R 8 - b ^ . 'H^IP <^5JH 8 '!s8

^ 5 i H ^ 'singff g 8iH, 8<!5<2-, 8 ' b H , 8 H o , 8 H H , >!jS>^0, H W

it^'fn?!^ 8 es. 5 5 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 8 i S i i i , ^'Jj'Jj, 8^0H, 8<?^0, 'Jj^O'Jj

v S g ' S T R p p i S t % [ g >!jlr, H i , 8(th, ^tr^, H i e , HHff

^58 ^5fl^ <J^<p.vq|^(.>J1 o ^>l30 539^ ^ ^ f W ^ 8 v S ^ 8 , 8H.'J3, H b r i

^ ^ M ^ l ^ l ^ h g HS> ^39^Wm^5fn?RS S HH^^), H H 8

\% ^^ntf^ "^^m^ s ho, H i , 8<j3h, 8'bb-,

^ ^ ^ n ^ '5J?F^ ^ ^5ft# 8 8 b r ^ v5s 55m Jp^Sfqg ^g^5iH 8 <?ovO

^ W 1 = 5 5 i T i ^;t^ 8 S^oe, eii 539^ (?Tl^5(1iT ( S j ^ f l t ^ 8 <K?b-

il. ilt5. 'il5t. 8 8b-b-, 8b-S> 5[^N:tT *tR3W Wt^Prttt S 8 iNO

iil.cW.45J C ^ M ^ 8 (tbtr 5^WttS^8 0Si(?

8Hi, 8 H ^ , 8 H , 8 H 8 , 8 H e , 8H'Js, C5n8 W m r ^ F ^ 'fH 8HH8

l i l . C ^ . ' i R . ^i||<Jil?ll< 8 ^ O i CSJtg volcq-q ' s r t ^ g ^ b r o , H 0 8

c f R . (5. ^Wt%St ' f H 8 HS>o CSftg W St 13=1 ^ ^ f e g iisi

ifj.1^.iR. 5 [ ^ M ^ 8 >l3ii Csng ( F ^ ^ C W H S HbrH

( v 5 8 ) ^ ^ ^ [ ^ 8 8S.o csTtg Prai^ t^prm c^wt^ g hov

' f H C5Jl^C=l!^ W t 5 5 p i 8 ;^4>^ CSn^pUl ^3|H(j=1 T I I ^ g <?brbr

^|W5|| 'Stl^ 8 >I30, <iii, i o , ^ 0 ^ i , 8 W , 8 b r H , H b ^ Wl^WH 8 8 ^

1 % ? r t ^ W l # S 8(?b-, 8(2-ti>, Svbff, 8 H i , 8 H , ^bSiff fTRdigf ^k^lH 8 8 o V , S-h-h, H i ^

'^^#1, g?H=g^T!pI * o l H < l H , E. G. Browne, ^ T ^ - ' ^ f f e ^ iS>ovs-i5o\b 1 ^ ^ 1 ^ Wsfgt^ "amt*=

Tables=Tables Alphabetiques du ft\sll=1 redigees par 1. Guidi, Leiden i c > o o ^. i

"Sfl^G^tW, 51ti)lPl<t>-t ' ^ ^ s n M l ^ ^ o l f N 'Gin ^ - l l f e n iOi-iH/ib-S.(2--ti. 1

5ft=Ti|n-de Slane=Les Prolegomenes d'Ibn Khaldoun, traduits en francais et commentes

trad. Fagnan=Annales du Maghred et de I'Espagne, E. Fagnan. Algiers 1901.

^?n^=^'!t-^ feR ^-m^-mM, ^ntc^ iS)o>i5-vDs ( g m s xvi)

^jptmr tflwr?r ^^o^fn?T ^ 5 ^ s f ^ ^55^5^ ^^Mif^

^?.w=t1^^ f^s7?ilw ^ 1 w f ^ ^ M t l ^ ^ p i S w - ^ et^mt ^o#?f wt ? 5 f e

^SiH ^lR)p^rst 8i8

xi^rfi 8b-}9 (^ Wt1HH).^-^5nWT HC^o

^ ) 'WCT'?RtP^ C44n:4 1434 f^l^l? 2lf%f^C1

1405 t ^ % I 4 ; t 4 s g 4141 t ^ ^FLFR) WI4T4 I t ^ 5 T 4 4 t ? ||f4lW ^ ? ? # 5 4 45T;?4 I ^ l ^ i5t lHil^? 4T?^4