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The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Energy Efficiency Capacity Building Programme:


NCR Chamber of Commerce and Industry

Energy Efficiency in Lighting System

Yatin Choudhary
TERI, New Delhi

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Energy consumption in Lighting System

Computers
Lab equipment 10% HVAC sy stem
Water coolers 11% 41%
3%
Fans
1%

Lighting
34%

Energy load distribution pie in an Air Conditioned Office Building

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Lighting strategies

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Factors in Efficient Lighting Applications

• Amount of light required

• Lumen output of lamps & fixtures

• Energy efficiency

• Color rendition – CRI

• Color temperature

•Types of light sources

• Lighting quality

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Amount of light required for specific applications

• In general, we use far more


or less light than is needed
for many applications and
tasks

• Light levels are measured in


lux, using a lux meter

• Acceptable minimum
standards of light levels are
set by the National Building
Code

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Recommended light levels for Institutional buildings


• Assembly halls
i) General : 150
ii) When used for examinations: 300
iii) Platforms : 300
• Class and lecture rooms
i) Desks : 300
ii) Chalk boards : 200 to 300
• Libraries
i) Shelves, stacks : 70 to 150
ii) Reading tables : 300
• Laboratories : 300
• Art rooms : 450
• Offices : 300
• Corridors : 70
4 May 2007
• Stairs : 100
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Types of light sources

1. Incandescent lamps

2. Tungsten Halogen

3. Fluorescent lamps

4. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL)

5. Mercury pressure lamps

6. High pressure sodium

7. Metal halide

8. Induction

9. LED
4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Luminous Efficacy
Describes visible light output in relation to power input
and expressed in lumen per watt (lm/W).
Case-1
Lamp type : Incandescent (GLS)
Lamp wattage : 100 W
Lumen output : 1360 lm
Luminous efficacy : 1360/100 = 14 lm/W

Case-2
Lamp type : Fluorescent
Lamp wattage : 40 W
Ballast power loss : 10 W
Lumen output : 2450 lm
Luminous efficacy : 2450/(40+10) = 49 lm/W

The higher the efficacy value, the more efficient the lamp.
4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Colour Temperature

Colour temperature is a measure to describe the


quality of a light source by expressing the colour
appearance correlated with the black body locus.

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Colour Rendering

• Colour rendering is a
measure of the ability of
the lamp to show
colours, and is based on
a colour rendering
index- Ra.
• The Ra index is based
on a scale of 1 to 100,
where 100 provides the
best colour rendering.

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Incandescent (GLS) Lamps

15 W : 90 lm : 6 lm/W
25 W : 230 lm : 9 lm/W
40 W : 415 lm : 10 lm/W
60 W : 720 lm : 12 lm/W
100 W : 1360 lm : 14 lm/W
200 W : 3040 lm : 15 lm/W

Color Temperature (CCT-K) : 2700

Color Rendering Index (Ra) : 100

Rated life (hrs) : 1000

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Low Voltage Halogen Lamps

20 W : 700 lm : 35 lm/W
35 W : 1100 lm : 31 lm/W
50 W : 1600 lm : 32 lm/W

Color Temperature (CCT-K) : 3000

Color Rendering Index (Ra) : 100

Rated life (hrs) : 2000~3000

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Fluorescent Lamps

T-12
20 W : 1015 lm : 34 lm/W
40 W : 2450 lm : 49 lm/W
T-8 (Mono-phosphor)
18 W : 1015 lm : 36 lm/W
36 W : 2450 lm : 53 lm/W
58 W : 4000 lm : 57 lm/W
T-8 (Tri-phosphor)
18 W : 1300 lm : 46 lm/W
36 W : 3250 lm : 71 lm/W
T-5
14 W : 1350 lm : 96 lm/W
28 W : 2900 lm : 104 lm/W

Color Temperature : 6500/2700~6500


CRI (Ra) : 68/80~85
Rated life (hrs) : 5000~10000
4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)

Direct Fit
5W : 235 lm : 25 lm/W
9W : 450 lm : 31 lm/W
11 W : 600 lm : 37 lm/W
15 W : 860 lm : 42 lm/W
20 W : 1150 lm : 45 lm/W
25 W : 1360 lm : 45 lm/W
Pin type
9W : 600 lm : 42 lm/W
11 W : 900 lm : 55 lm/W
13 W : 900 lm : 49 lm/W
18 W : 1200 lm : 52 lm/W
26 W : 1800 lm : 58 lm/W
36 W : 2900 lm : 70 lm/W

Color Temperature : 2700/4000/6500


CRI (Ra) : 82
Rated life (hrs) : 10000

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Mercury Lamps (HPMV)

80 W : 3500 lm : 37 lm/W
125 W : 6250 lm : 41 lm/W
250 W : 13500 lm : 47 lm/W
400 W : 23000 lm : 51 lm/W
1000 W: 58500 lm : 55 lm/W

Color Temperature : 3900~4300

CRI (Ra) : 33~48

Rated life (hrs) : 5000

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

High Pressure Sodium Lamps (HPSV)

Elliptical
70 W : 5800 lm : 71 lm/W
150 W : 13500 lm : 79 lm/W
250 W : 25000 lm : 89 lm/W
400 W : 47000 lm : 106 lm/W

Tubular
70 W : 5800 lm : 71 lm/W
150 W : 17500 lm : 103 lm/W
250 W : 33200 lm : 118 lm/W
400 W : 56500lm : 128 lm/W
1000 W : 130000 lm : 123 lm/W

Color Temperature : 1900/2050/2100


CRI (Ra) : 20~25
Rated life (hrs) : 8000

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Metal Halide Lamps


Double ended
70 W : 5500 lm : 67 lm/W
150 W : 12100 lm : 71 lm/W
Elliptical
250 W : 19000 lm : 68 lm/W
400 W : 35000 lm : 79 lm/W
Tubular
250 W : 19000 lm : 68 lm/W
400 W : 35000 lm : 79 lm/W
1000 W : 81000 lm : 77 lm/W
2000 W : 189000 lm : 90 lm/W

Color Temperature : 3000/3800/4300


CRI (Ra) : 69/70~85
Rated life (hrs) : 6000
4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

For improving energy efficiency (GLS to CFL)

25 W 5W
40 W 7W
60 W 20 W 11 W
100 W 50 W 20 W
150 W 32 W
200 W 42 W

Saving potential : 80 %
Payback Period
10-5 Operation : 5 months
24-7 Operation : 2 months

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

For improving energy efficiency(T12 to T8/T-5)

40 W TL 28 W T-5

Saving Potential : 50 %

Payback period
10-5 Operation : 1.8 yrs
24-7 Operation : 7 months

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

For improving energy efficiency Par lamps with metal halide

120 W PAR 150 W Metal Halide

Saving Potential : 80 %

Payback period
12 hrs Operation : less than one year

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Luminaires

•Direct light to required place


•Protect lamps
•Reduce glare

Luminaires with parabolic mirror optics and batwing louvers have


better luminaire efficiency as compared to other types of luminaires

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Energy efficiency: Lighting Power Density

• Lighting power density= watts / area (W/m2)

• ECBC provides standards for LPD

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Ballasts
Fluorescent lamps
Electromagnetic : 10 -12 W
Low loss electromagnetic : 4.5 W
Electronic choke : 1-3 W
CFL
Electromagnetic : 4.5 – 5.5 W
Electronic : 1 – 2.5 W
Mercury lamps
Electromagnetic
80 W lamp : 15 W
125 W lamp : 28 W
250 W lamp : 35 W
400 W lamp : 50 W
Sodium & Metal Halide lamps
Electromagnetic
70 W lamp : 12 W
125 W lamp : 20 W
250 W lamp : 31 W
400 W lamp : 42 W
4 May 2007 1000 W lamp : 55 W
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

For improving energy efficiency replace


electromagnetic choke

40 W TL 36 W T-8 with electronic choke

Saving Potential : 29 %

Payback period
10-5 Operation : 2.4 yrs
24-7 Operation : 9 months

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Install occupancy sensors

Saving Potential : up to 75 %

Payback period for 1 kW load


10-5 Operation : 2.3 yrs
24-7 Operation : 9 months

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Install photo sensors

Saving Potential : 40 to 60 %

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Lux level and Occupancy Sensor

Master

Slave

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Outdoor lighting

• Area
• Site lighting
• Parking
• Landscape
• Street lighting

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Efficiency in outdoor lighting

• No Illumination standards
• No standards for energy efficiency 400 W
46500lm
Luminous efficacy = lumen / watt

250 W
25000lm

150 W
13500lm

70 W
SON T PIA PLUS SON PLUS SON T 5600lm
17500lm 16000lm 14000lm

Example : High pressure sodium vapor lamp


4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Install IR timers: (nature switch)

Payback period : 9 months

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Street Lighting Control (Change over ballast)

Saving Potential : 20 %

Payback period per pole

12 hrs night Operation : 1.3 yrs

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Comparison of lighting design : Case study

20ft X 30ft

No
rth
4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Meeting room

20ft X 30ft

11’6”

30’
20’

4 May 2007 Plan 3D- View


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Luminaires (TCS306/2 T-8 36W) Mono phosphorous

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Luminaires (TBS669/2xTL5 28W)

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Comparison
Use 250 days @ 8hour /day Use 250 days @ 8hour /day
(TCS305/236) (TBS669/2xTL5 28W)

investment Rs 4680

Total hours 2000

annual units
saved 660 KWh
Annual
saving
(Rs) 3300

Total cost
Fixture Lamp No of fix No. of lamps/fix Total lamps (Rs) Avg lux levels LPD W/m2 Connected load (Watt)

TCS-
TCS-306 TLD/HPF 8 2 16 24120 284 12 666

TBS-
TBS-669 T5 6 2 12 28800 307 6 336
4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Life Cycle Cost comparison

(TCS305/2x36W) (TBS669/2xTL5 28W)

36 W Fluorescent Lamps
Lamp wattage 0.666 kW 28W T-5 Lamp
Lamp cost 45 Rs Lamp wattage 0.336 kW
Initial cost 24120 Rs Lamp cost 195 Rs
Operating hr/d 8 Hrs/day Initial cost 28800 Rs
Energy consumption/yr 1332 kWh/yr Operating hr/d 8 Hrs/day
Energy rate 5 Rs/kWh
Energy consumption/yr 672 kWh/yr
Maintenance cost 482.4 Rs
Energy rate 5 Rs/kWh
Energy cost 6660 Rs/yr
Life of lamp 7500 Hrs
Maintenance cost 576 Rs
Replacemnt period 4.5 yrs Energy cost 3360 Rs/yr
No of lamps to be replaced 16 Life of lamp 15000 Hrs
Lamp replacement cost 800 Rs Replacemnt period 5.0 yrs
Fixture life NA hrs No of lamps to be replaced 12
Fixture replacement year 10 yrs Replacement cost 2340 Rs
Fixture replacement cost 23320 Rs Fixture repacement cost 26460
4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Life Cycle Cost comparison

Life cycle cost of Two systems

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Conventional 30938 37446 43658 50251 55912 61314 66472 71946 76645 81131 99392 103936 107838 111562 115116
Proposed 32557 36143 39567 42834 47808 50874 53716 56429 59018 61490 79711 81963 84113 86165 88124

LCC of Conventional & proposed lighting schemes

140000
120000
100000
80000 Conventional
Rs

60000 Proposed
40000
20000
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Year

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Daylight Integration

20ft X30ft
No
rth

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Daylight Artificial light

4 May 2007
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4 May 2007
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Wiring layout design for switching

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Comparison

• Conventional =24 kWh /sq.m./year 100% ; 0% savings


• Efficient lighting = 12.25 kWh /sq.m./yr 50%; 50% savings
• Daylight integration = 9.3 kWh/sq.m./yr 38%; 62% savings

4 May 2007
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

• Thanks

email: yatinc@teri.res.in

4 May 2007

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