NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN CRISTOBAL DE

HUAMANGA
SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF CIVIL
ENGINEER
ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND
LITERATURE

COURSE: ENGLISH III

TEACHER: ANDIA, Miguel

TURN: TOMORROW

STUDENTS: BORDA DURAND, Hernn

NAVARRO TORRE, Ruel Fluidez

PISCO GUTIRREZ, Lisandro Michael

QUISPE SNCHEZ, Wilfredo Javier

ROMERO LIMAQUISPE, Javier Franco

AYACUCHO PER
2017
CIVIL ENGINEER Pgina 1
 1.- A VISIT TO THE DOCTOR
Has it ever occurred to you that you left the doctor's office without answers to
your questions, or with the feeling that the doctor did not listen to you?
Nowadays doctors have many patients and little time, and if the patient does not
demand that his doctor take the time necessary to answer all his questions,
many times he will not. Ideally a visit to the doctor should involve
communication between the patient and the physician, and a distribution of
educational health information.

The best way to ensure your doctor visits are productive is to prepare in
advance. Here are some tips for that.

a.- Before the appointment:

Write down all your questions. Choose the three that you consider most
important.
Bring along a list of all your medications, both those prescribed by the
doctor and those purchased directly from the pharmacy. Also take all the
vitamins and dietary supplements you take.
If you are too sick or scared, take a friend or family member with you to
help you take notes and ask questions.

b.- At the beginning of the visit:

Ask your doctor how much time you have available to you.
Do not try to diagnose your own disease. Simply describe the problems
you have as best you can.
Explain the things you have already tried to feel better.
List the three most important things in your list of questions.
c.- During the visit, ask:
What does the doctor think that has happened to you and why?
What do you need to do now?
What will the doctor do for you?
When will you and the doctor know more about your situation?

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d.- Get an action plan:
Ask the doctor to write a list of treatment options for your illness, and the
advantages and disadvantages of each.
If you do not understand the doctor's suggestions, ask him to use other
words that you can understand.
Agree on the action plan to follow and write it down.
Ask when and who you can call to ask more questions that may arise.

e.- What to ask about new drugs:

What is the brand and the generic name?
Is there a less expensive option?
What symptoms will you treat?
How long will it take?
At what time of day?
What happens if I miss a dose?
Can you eat and drink anything while under this treatment?
Is it taken with food?
Are there any side effects?
Will you need another prescription to end the treatment?
When should I start to feel better?
If you find it difficult to communicate with your doctor because you do not listen
carefully, do not take your concerns seriously or do not take time with you, let

CIVIL ENGINEER Pgina 3

them know. The doctor will not know that you are not satisfied if you do not tell
them. If you are not comfortable saying such things to your doctor, perhaps
you'd be better off looking for another one
Example 1:
LAURA IS AT THE DOCTOR

Laura: I have an appointment with Doctor Becker.

Nurse: What's your name?
Laura: My name is Laura Torres.
Nurse: Yes, Miss Torres. The doctor will see you now.
Doctor: Hi Laura, how are you feeling today?
Laura: Not very well Doctor.
Doctor: What seems to be the problem?
Laura: I have a headache and a fever.
Doctor: Are there any other symptoms?
Laura: Yes, all of my body aches and I feel weak.
Doctor: I'm going to examine you. Please take off your clothes.
Doctor: I think you have a serious case of the flu.
Laura: What should I do?
Doctor: I'm going to prescribe you some medicine, but you must stay in bed if
you want to get better.

2.- TIME CLAUSES

A.- MEANING AND USES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES: before, after y
when.

In this lesson we will give an explanation of the meaning and use of the words:
"before", "after" y "when" To structure adverbial clauses of time.

To take into account the meaning of each of these adverbs:

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These three adverbs will help us form clauses of time which, in short, will
express when (at what moment) the action indicated by the verb of the
sentence occurs.

Examples:

1) I buy a present before I go to a party.

2) I play video games after I finish my homework.

3) I feel great when I sleep well

In these examples the first clause (sentence) that is before the adverb is called
"main clause" and the clause that begins with the adverb is called "clause of
time."

B. DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE MAIN CLAUSE AND THE TIME CLAUSE.

I buy a present before I go to a party.

Main Clause + Time Clause

The clause of time can also go to the beginning of the sentence with the only
condition that a "comma" must be placed to separate it from the clause of time.
Let's look at the same examples from the previous section with the clause of
time at the beginning.

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Examples:

Before: I go to a party, I buy a present.

After: I finish my homework, I play video games.

When: I sleep well, I feel very great.

As you can see, the order of the clauses does not alter the message that is
meant.
Now, it is important to note that in these examples both clauses are composed
of "simple present" sentences, it is a rule that in case both clauses refer to the
same period of time then we need to use similar forms of the verb in each
clause.

Note: Frequency adverbs can be used (always, usually, sometimes y never) To

form clauses of sentences in simple present.

Then three sentences with clauses of time in present and three sentences in
past tense.

Examples in simple present tense:

1) I always take a shower before I go to bed.

2) I sometimes order a pizza after I have a hard day at work.

3) I feel very happy when I hang out with friends

Examples in simple past tense:

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 1) Yesterday I checked the pressure in the tires before I drove to my
school.

2) This morning I listened to music after I charged my MP3 player.

3) Last week I cooked dinner when I stayed at my friend's house.

Very important note: The correct thing is to use the simple present structure in
the time clauses to express main actions in future time (as can be seen in the
following examples).

Examples in simple future tense:

1) I will finish my work before I go to the party.

2) I am going to buy a car after I get a raise at my job.

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 3) I will study for the exam when I receive the information.

In these examples it is also possible to place the time clause first and then the
main clause separated by a comma.
So far only sentences have been shown in which both clauses are expressed in
the first person singular (with the pronoun "I") and are affirmative but can also
be structured negative sentences and expressing themselves with other people,
the only thing to have Account is expressed according to the established rules
of each time.

HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES TO ILLUSTRATE:

With BEFORE:

1) My friend sometimes exercises before he goes to bed.

2) Cynthia doesn't study her notes before she takes an exam.

3) Our boss will send the files before we have the meeting.

4) Ana learned how to drive before she bought a car.

With AFTER:

1) Mary usually goes to the gym after she finishes her shift.

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 2) My grandparents take medication after they eat their meal.

3) Our company will give free T-shirts after the shift ends.

4) My teacher explained the lesson after we didn't understand it.

With WHEN:

1) Daniel always carries his charger when he goes out of the city.

2) My parents walk in the park when they have free time.

3) My sister will buy a laptop when she receives her paycheck.

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 4) My brother learned English when he lived in USA.

Sentences that include time clauses are very flexible. To take advantage of this
flexibility, it is convenient to know the basics of English.

3.- HOT VERBS

As far as I can see, the term hot verb is mainly used the in the New
Headway series of course books for a few high-frequency verbs. They include
both literal use and an 'empty' meaning which I'll discuss in a moment. In
various units I've been able to find the following:
come, do, get, go, have, make, take, put

Apart from this, I've found an exercise at the Folkuniversitetet of Estonia on

what they call hot verbs - do, get, make, take. A few other websites also refer to
these four verbs as hot verbs. Most of the other references I've seen are simply
questions on language forums asking what hot verbs are.
Examples:

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Examples:
1. I really don't want to go! Can't we get out of it?
2. You're so critical. You're always getting at me!
3. It took Alan ages to get over the failure of his business.
4. Would you do the shopping for me?
5. Did Alice take this photo?
6. Please do your homework this afternoon.
7. Do you take sugar in your coffee?

4.- VERB PATTERNS 2

Verb patterns are formed when one verb is followed by another in a sentence.
For example in the phrase -I want to eat pizza, the first verb is to want and the
second verb is to eat. When it is happening, it uses the verbal patterns, to know
the correct form of the second verb.
Examples:

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 I would like to go to Rome.
I hate cooking.
The verb patterns depend directly on the first verb that appears in the sentence,
the second verb can be formed by an infinitive or a gerund, among other
possibilities, and in some cases, the verb patterns are ambiguous because with
the change of meaning of the verb within of the context, it can also change the
pattern that is used.
That is, the same verb can be followed by a verb in infinitive or in gerund
depending on the meaning of the verb.
Now we will see some possibilities of verb patterns depending on each one of
the verbs:

1. Verbo + to + verb

I want to buy a new laptop.

I hope to visit Germany son.
She decided to quit her job.
They agree to move to London. I want to work with Dr. Laver.
Tim hopes to leave the stockroom soon.
Helen decided to go out with Michal.
Alice might agree to change wards.

2. Verb + Verb (ending in ING)

I enjoy eating healthy food.

She doesnt mind taking care of your children.
He is considering changing his habits.
I enjoy working on the emergency ward.
Alice doesn't mind working with children.
Tim is considering changing his job.

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3. Verb + Preposition + verb (ending in ING).

They specialize in selling cars.

They are thinking about watching a movie tonight.
He specialises in helping children.
Michal is thinking about cooking dinner.
4. Verb + Object + Verb

The boss didnt let me go home early.

The story of the movie made me feel sad.
These verbs all use this pattern: let, make.
Dad let me keep the cat.
She made me say sorry.

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There are some verbs that can work with several verb patterns depending on
the meaning, pay attention to those who use more frequently:

I remember to locking the window. (In this case, the verb refers to
remembering something that has already been done).

I remember to lock the window before living home (The meaning of the verb
in the previous example suggests that you remember to perform certain
action, before doing it).

You should try taking a nap (The meaning of the verb determines an essay,
a test to see if something works).

I am trying to get my Visa (The verb means to make an effort to achieve

something).

I stopped drinking alcohol last year. (Leave a habit, stop doing something).

I was driving in my car and stopped to answer my cellphone. (The verb, in

this case, means to stop doing something for a moment to start another
action).

My house needs painting (The need is not personal, it is an action that

needs to be done by another person and the recipient is not the subject).

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 I need to take a shower (In this case, the verb suggests that the subject
needs the action to be performed, it is necessary to do so).

5.- MANAGED TO ,USED TO

A.- MANAGED TO

We use the verb MANAGED TO when we want to express that we were able to
face a difficult situation and get out of it.
Look at these examples:

It was very icy, but I managed to keep the car on the road.
It was very slippery but I managed to keep the car on the road.

Diana did not want to go to Russia, but Tony managed to persuade her.
Diana did not want to go to Russia but Tony managed to persuade her.

BE ABLE TO / MANAGE TO

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We used both WAS ABLE TO and MANAGED TO when we are talking about
something that happened in a particular situation or to refer to a major
achievement that involved great effort or skill on our part.

Examples:
Did you manage to see him before he left home?
Did you get to see him before he left his house?
No, I'm sorry; I was not able to / did not manage to see him.
No, I'm sorry, I could not see him / I could not see him.

Another example:
The fog came down and he was not able to / did not manage to get to the top of
the mountain.
The fog went down and he could not / did not make it to the top of the mountain.

B.- USED TO
The verb "use" means "to use" or "to use." However, when we use this verb in
the simple past, plus the preposition "to", as a modal verb, the meaning
changes. In addition, you can use "used to *" as an adjective *. Below you have
an explanation of the different uses.

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Used to (Soler)
We use the modal verb "used to" to indicate something that happened or
happened in the past in a habitual way. Also, it is used for something that was
once true but no longer is. As with the other modal verbs, "used to" is followed
by the base form of the verb (the infinitive without "to").

Structure
1. Affirmative Sentences

Subject + "used to" + verb...

Examples:

I used to go to the beach every summer when I was young. (When I was
young, we used to go to the beach every summer.)

I used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, but I quit last year. (He used
to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, but he quit last year.)

There used to be a great restaurant here, but it closed a few years ago.
(There was a good restaurant here, but it closed a few years ago.)

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 2. Negative Sentences
Subject + "did not" + "use to" + verb...
Examples:

I did not use to like mushrooms, but now I do. (I did not like mushrooms
before, but now I do.)

Food did not use to be so expensive. (The food did not used to be so
expensive.)

We did not use to go away on holiday very often when I was young. (We
did not go on vacation often when I was young).

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3. Interrogative Sentences
Did + subject + "use to" + verb...?
Examples:

Did not I use to smoke a lot? (He smoked much earlier, did not he?)
Did you use to live here? Did you live here before?
Did they use to go to the beach in the summers? Did they go to the
beach during the summers?

Note: We do not use "used to" for usual actions in the present. Instead of this
modal verb, an adverb is used like "usually" or "normally" for example.

Examples:

We usually go to the beach every summer.

I normally smokes a pack of cigarettes every day.
They usually play football on the weekends.

6.- ED/ -ING ADJECTIVES

The endings "-ed" and "-ing" are not only used to form the tenses of the past
and present continuous, they are also used with adjectives. These adjectives
are composed of a verb and these two terminations, but keep in mind that the
meaning changes depending on which termination is used.

"-ed" Adjectives (Adjectives ending with "-ed")

Adjectives ending in "-ed" indicate or describe emotions. These adjectives

usually end in "-ado" or "-ido" in Spanish and go after the verb "estar".

Examples:

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 Xiomara is interested in art.

Javier was bored in class.

Luke is excited about his new job.

"-ing" Adjectives (Adjectives ending with "-ing")

Adjectives that end in "-ing" indicate or describe a characteristic of something or

someone. Unlike the adjectives that end in ("ed"), there is no rule in Spanish to
form these adjectives and they go after the verb "to be".

Examples:

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 Xiomara is an interesting person.

The class was boring so Javier fell asleep.

Luke started an exciting new job.

Note: As we mentioned earlier, the use of one adjective instead of another

changes the meaning of the phrase.

Examples:

Steve is embarrassed.

Steve is embarrassing.

Here is a list of some of the most common adjectives ending in ("ed") and "-ing".

-ed Adjective -ing Adjective

alarmed alarming
annoyed annoying
astonished astonishing
bored boring
challenged challenging
charmed charming
7.- confused confusing
disgusted disgusting
interested interesing
pleased pleasing
tired tiring
worried worrying
EXCLAMATIONS WITH SO AND SUCH
SO + ADJECTIVE
USE
So can be combined with adjectives to show extremes. This form is often used
in exclamations.
Examples:

The music is so loud! I wish they would turn it down.

The meal was so good! It was worth the money.

USE with "That"

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The above form can be combined with "that" to show extremes which lead to
certain results. The that is usually optional.

Examples:

The music is so loud that I can't sleep.

The music is so loud I can't sleep.

The meal was so good that we decided to have dinner at the

same restaurant again tonight.

The meal was so good we decided to have dinner at the same

restaurant again tonight.

So + Adverb
USE
So can be combined with adverbs to show extreme actions. This form is often
used in exclamations.

Examples:

She spoke so quickly! She sounded like an auctioneer.

He paints so well! I am sure he is going to become a famous

artist.

USE with "That"

The above form can be combined with "that" to show extreme actions which
lead to certain results. The "that" is usually optional.

Examples:

She spoke so quickly that I couldn't understand her.

She spoke so quickly I couldn't understand her.

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 He paints so well that they offered him a scholarship at an art
school in Paris.

He paints so well they offered him a scholarship at an art school

in Paris.

So + Many / Few + Plural Noun

USE
So can be combined with many or few plus a plural noun to show extremes in
amount. This form is often used in exclamations.

Examples:

I never knew you had so many brothers!

She has so few friends! It's really quite sad.

USE with "That"

The above form can be combined with "that" to show extremes in amount which
lead to certain results. The that is usually optional.

Examples:

I never knew you had so many brothers that you had to share a
bedroom.

I never knew you had so many brothers you had to share a

bedroom.

She has so few friends that she rarely gets out of the house.

She has so few friends she rarely gets out of the house.

So + Much / Little + Non-countable Noun

USE

So can be combined with "much" or "little" plus a non-countable noun to show

extremes in amount. This form is often used in exclamations.

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Examples:

Jake earns so much money! And he still has trouble paying the
rent.

They have so little food! We need to do something to help them.

USE with "That"

The above form can be combined with "that" to show extremes in amount which
lead to certain results. The "that" is usually optional.

Examples:

Jake earns so much money that he has lost all sense of what a
dollar is worth.

Jake earns so much money he has lost all sense of what a dollar
is worth.

They have so little food that they are starving to death.

They have so little food they are starving to death.

So + Much / Little / Often / Rarely

USE
So can be combined with words like "much," "little," "often," or "rarely" to
describe how much or how often someone does an action. This form is often
used in exclamations.

Examples:

Earl drinks so much! It's not good for his health.

My sister visits us so rarely! I really miss her.

USE with "That"

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The above form can be combined with "that" to show the results of extreme
actions. The "that" is usually optional.

Examples:

Earl drinks so much that it is starting to interfere with his work.

Earl drinks so much it is starting to interfere with his work.

My sister visits us so rarely that my kids wouldn't even recognize

her.

My sister visits us so rarely my kids wouldn't even recognize her.

Such + Adjective + Noun

USE

Such can be combined with an adjective and a noun to show extremes. This
form is often used in exclamations.

Examples:

Don has such a big house! I think it's a little ridiculous.

Shelly has such beautiful eyes! I have never seen that shade of
blue before.

USE with "That"

The above form can be combined with "that" to show extremes which lead to
certain results. The "that" is usually optional.

Examples:

Don has such a big house that I actually got lost on the way to
the bathroom.

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 Don has such a big house I actually got lost on the way to the
bathroom.

Shelly has such beautiful eyes that she got a job as a make-up
model.

Shelly has such beautiful eyes she got a job as a make-up

model.

NOTE

Remember that without the noun you need to use "so."

Examples:

such beautiful eyes that

so beautiful that

Such + Judgemental Noun

USE

"Such" can also be combined with judgemental nouns for emphasis. This form
is often used in exclamations.

Examples:

He is such an idiot! He says the stupidest things.

She is such a genius! We could never do this work without her.

USE with "That"

The above form can be combined with "that" to show certain results. The "that"
is usually optional.

Examples:

He is such an idiot that nobody would hire him.

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 He is such an idiot nobody would hire him.

She is such a genius that they immediately gave her a position at

the university.

She is such a genius they immediately gave her a position at the

university.

Such + Noun (This type of...)

USE

"Such" can also mean "this type of..." or "that type of..."

Examples:

The archeologist had never seen such writing before he

discovered the tablet.
this/that type of writing

She usually doesn't receive such criticism.

this/that kind of criticism

Frank has never made such mistakes before.

these/those kinds of mistakes

EXERCISES

1. She issofunny! She always makes me laugh.

2. Sarah and Ed are such..crazy people! I never know what they are
going to do next.

3. James hasso. much money that he could actually buy that Ferrari.

4. Although most of the audience had never been exposed to such

music, they thoroughly enjoyed the performance of the Tibetan folk choir.

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 5. The movie was so.. good that I saw it five times.

6. Terry speaks English so... fluently that I thought he was American.

7. Most students never discuss such.. Topics in class, but I think it is

important to teach our children to question the media.

8. Jerry had never seen such. high mountains. He thought they were
spectacular.

9. Fred is such a clown! He is always telling jokes and making people

laugh.

10. There was solittle interest in his talk on macroeconomics that the
room was half empty by the time he stopped speaking.

11. How could you say suchhorrible things to me?

12. He is such a jerk! He hasn't said one nice thing since he started
working here.

13. That new song isso cool that it hit the top ten within a week of being
released.

14. Martha is such.. a good cook that she is writing her own book of family
recipes.

15. I don't know if that is such...a good idea. Maybe we should try
something else.

16. She has so.many hats that she needs two closets to store them all.

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 17. That takes solittle time and effort that you might as well do it
yourself.

18. I had to pay $140 for books for my new Spanish class. I don't know why
my professor has to choosesuch expensive books for her course.

8.- Reading comprehension 1

Finland is such a nice place to go on winter holidays. The winter there is so mild
and welcoming! You can do snowboarding, skating, skiing or any other winter
sport, there are so many possibilities. We found such a lovely hotel, and it was
such a short walk to the skiing slope. Well, winter season in Finland is not so
cheap as we expected, but we had such a great time there. It is so tempting to
come there every winter, again and again.
Finlandia es un buen lugar para ir de vacaciones de invierno. El invierno es tan
suave y acogedor! Usted puede hacer snowboard, patinaje, esqu o cualquier
otro deporte de invierno, hay tantas posibilidades. Encontramos un hotel tan
encantador, y fue un paseo corto a la pista de esqu. Bien, temporada de
invierno en Finlandia no es tan barato como nos esperamos, pero nos lo
pasamos muy bien all. Es tan tentador para venir all cada invierno, una y otra
vez.

9.- Reading comprehension 2

This year, Maria has a lot of plans.
First of all, she wants to learn more English. Shes going to study every day.
She likes learning English, and at the end of the year she wants to take the First
Certificate exam.
She also wants to do more exercise and eat a better diet. Shes going to eat
more vegetables and shes going to go running twice a week. She hopes to lose
at least 5 kilos before she goes on holiday this summer.
She enjoys traveling, so she wants to go to Japan this summer. But she needs
to save a lot of money. She hopes to save every month, so she can have a nice
holiday in Japan.

Great Waves off Kanagawa, del artista japons Katsushika Hokusai.

If she cant go to Japan, shell go to Turkey, which is much closer and much
cheaper.

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She would like to get married some day, so she wants to meet the man of her
dreams this year, also. Right now, shes single, but she hopes to meet a man
who is tall and handsome and has a good job.
After her summer holiday, she plans to move to a nicer flat. Her current flat is
very small, and she wants to find something bigger. She is going to start looking
when she goes back to work in September.
She hopes to have a good year!

THE END

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