CHAPTER 1

PLACEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

AN INTRODUCTION

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 CHAPTER 1

PLACEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

- AN INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

The purpose of the project PLACEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM, the manual work makes the
process slow and other problems such as inconsistency and ambiguity on operations. In order to avoid
this web based placement managed system is proposed, where the student information in the college
with regard to placement is managed efficiently. It intends to help fast in fast access procedures in
placement related activities and ensures to maintain the details of the student. Students logging should
be able to upload their personal and educational information. The key feature of this project is that it is
one time registration enabled. The placement cell calls the companies to select their students for jobs via
the campus interview. The placement cell allows the companies to view the student resumes in selective
manner. They can filter the students profile as per their requirement. The job details of the placed
students will be provided by the administrator. The administrator plays an important role in our project.
Our project provides the facility of maintaining the details of the students and gets the requested list of
candidates for the company who would like to recruit the students based on given query.

1.2The Present System

1.2.1Problem Definition
Students choose a specific college where the placement will be held, there is need to maintain all
these papers, causing large amount of space. It is manually done, chances of missing, difficult to
handle the details of student.

1.2.2 Existing System

The Existing System describes the features of the previous working model and their drawback.
Existing system does all process manually. Placement officers register the information of

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 students. If any modifications or updates are required in the profile of any student, it has to be
done manually. This is tedious and time consuming, lack of security of data, took more man
power, and consumes large volume of paper and space. This process is so difficult when number
of users increases. of the proposed In college, training and placement officers have to manage
the students profile and documents of students for their training and placement manually.
Placement Officer has to collect the information of various companies who wants to
recruit students and notify students time to time about them.
Placement Officer has to arrange profiles of students according to various streams and
notify them according to company requirements.
If any modifications or updates are required in the profile of any student, it has to search
and to be done it manually.

1.3 Executive Summary - The Project

1.3.1 About the Project
This project is to facilitate students in college, company to register and communicate with
Placement Office. The users can access easily to this and the data can be retrieved easily in no
time. In the main page there are options for a new register, a registered student to directly login
using username and password, submit resume. In the student registration form, we can give
personal details, educational qualifications, and professional skills and upload resume. The job
details of the placed students will be provided by the administrator. The administrator plays an
important role in our project. They provide approval of student registration and updating. In this
project we create a search engine for administrator, who can search everything about the student
and company.

1.3.2 Proposed System:

The proposed system is a browser which is completely related to internet browsing and an
application. The web enabled information management system designed to automate the entire
operations of a modern. This maintains and controls the training and placements details and does
online operations and generates various reports. This system allows multidivisional, handling
that includes various activities in this system. It gives the entire reports of the account and their
details. .The proposed system is to develop a system with improved facilities. The proposed
system can overcome all the limitation of the existing system, such as students information is

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 maintained in the database, it gives more security to data, ensures data accuracy, reduces paper
work and save time, only eligible students get chance, it makes information flow efficient and
paves way for easy report generation, reduce the space. Proposed system is cost effective.

1.3.3Objectives of the project

Computers and information technology has a major influence on the society and the society is
becoming more and more dependent on technology. Going on is an era of simplifying almost all
complicated works using computers. The last few years have witnessed a tremendous increase in
the capabilities and use of computers. Manual processing makes the process slow and other
problems such as inconsistency and ambiguity on operations. The proposed system intends user-
friendly operations which may resolve ambiguity. By considering all this factors, the applications
produced, which performs the social service simply and effectively.

1.3.4 Scope of the project

Our project has a big scope to do. We can store information of all the students. CVs are
categorized according to various streams. Various companies can access the information.
Students can maintain their information and can update it. Notifications are sent to students
about the companies. Students can access previous information about placement.

1.4 Introduction to the programming environment

This project is made through XAMPP. XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web
server solution stack package developed .by Apache Friends, consisting mainly of the Apache
HTTP Server, MariaDB database, and interpreters for scripts written in
the PHP and Perl programming languages. XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X), Apache (A),
MariaDB (M), PHP (P) and Perl (P). It is a simple, lightweight Apache distribution that makes it
extremely easy for developers to create a local web server for testing and deployment purposes.
Everything needed to set up a web server server application (Apache), database (MariaDB) and
scripting language (PHP) is included in an extractable file. XAMPP is also cross-platform,
which means it works equally well on Linux, Mac and Windows. Since most actual web server
deployments use the same components as XAMPP, it makes transitioning from a local test server
to a live server extremely easy as well.

:
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 LETTER DESCRIPTION

X XAMPPor an ideographic letter X, meaning cross platform

A Apache or its expanded form, Apache HTTP Server.

M MariaDB (formerly: MySQL)

P PHP

P Perl

Usage
Officially, XAMPP's designers intended it for use only as a development tool, to allow website
designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without any access to the
Internet. To make this as easy as possible, many important security features are disabled by
default. XAMPP has the ability to serve web pages on the World Wide Web. A special tool is
provided to password-protect the most important parts of the package.
XAMPP also provides support for creating and manipulating databases
in MariaDB and SQLite among others. Once XAMPP is installed, it is possible to treat
a localhost like a remote host by connecting using an FTP client. Using a program
like FileZilla has many advantages when installing a content management system (CMS)
like Joomla or WordPress. It is also possible to connect to local host via FTP with an HTML
editor.

1.4.1 APACHE
The Apache HTTP Server, colloquially called Apache is the world's most used web
server software. Originally based on the NCSA HTTPd server, development of Apache began in

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 early 1995 after work on the NCSA code stalled. Apache played a key role in the initial growth
of the World Wide Web quickly overtaking NCSA HTTPd as the dominant HTTP server, and
has remained most popular since April 1996. In 2009, it became the first web server software to
serve more than 100 million websites
Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of
the Apache Software Foundation. Most commonly used on a Unix-like system (usually Linux),
the software is available for a variety of operating systems besides Unix, including Microsoft
Windows. Version 2.0 improved support for non-Unix, e.g. Windows and OS/2
(and eComStation) Old versions of Apache were ported to run on e.g. OpenVMS and NetWare.
Released under the Apache License, Apache is free and open-source software.
As of July 2016, Apache was estimated to serve 46.41% of all active websites and 43.18% of the
top million websites

Name: According to the FAQ in the Apache project website, the name Apache was chosen out
of respect to the Native American tribe Apache and their superior skills in warfare and strategy.
The name was widely believed to be a pun on 'A Patchy Server' (since it was a set of software
patches) Official documentation used to give this explanation of the name, but in a 2000
interview, Brian Behlendorf, one of the creators of Apache, set the record straight.
The name literally came out of the blue. I wish I could say that it was something fantastic, but it
was out of the blue. I put it on a page and then a few months later when this project started, I
pointed people to this page and said: "Hey, what do you think of that idea?" ... Someone said
they liked the name and that it was a really good pun. And I was like, "A pun? What do you
mean?" He said, "Well, we're building a server out of a bunch of software patches, right? So it's a
patchy Web server." I went, "Oh, all right." ..
When I thought of the name, no. It just sort of co notated: "Take no prisoners. Be kind of
aggressive and kick some ass."

When Apache is running, its process name is sometimes httpd, which is short for
"HTTP daemon.

Feature overview
Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as compiled modules which extend the
core functionality. These can range from server-side programming language support to
authentication schemes. Some common language interfaces support Perl, Python, Tcl, and PHP.

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 Popular authentication modules include mod_access, mod_auth, mod_digest, and
mod_auth_digest, the successor to mod_digest. A sample of other features include Secure
Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security support (mod_ssl), a proxy module (mod_proxy),
a URL rewriting module (mod_rewrite), custom log files (mod_log_config), and filtering support
(mod_include and mod_ext_filter).
Popular compression methods on Apache include the external extension module, mod_gzip,
implemented to help with reduction of the size (weight) of Web pages served
over HTTP. ModSecurity is an open source intrusion detection and prevention engine for Web
applications. Apache logs can be analyzed through a Web browser using free scripts, such
as AWStats/W3Perl or Visitors.
Virtual hosting allows one Apache installation to serve many different Web sites. For example,
one machine with one Apache installation could simultaneously serve www.example.com,
www.example.org, test47.test-server.example.edu, etc.
Apache features configurable error messages, DBMS-based authentication databases,
and content negotiation. It is also supported by several graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
It supports password authentication and digital certificate authentication. Because the source
code is freely available, anyone can adapt the server for specific needs, and there is a large public
library of Apache add-ons

HTTP server and proxy feature

Loadable Dynamic Modules
Multiple Request Processing modes (MPMs) including Event-based/Async, Threaded
and Prefork.
Highly scalable (easily handles more than 10,000 simultaneous connections)
Handling of static files, index files, auto-indexing and content negotiation
htaccess support
Reverse proxy with caching
o Load balancing with in-band health checks
o Multiple load balancing mechanisms
o Fault tolerance and Failover with automatic recovery
o WebSocket, FastCGI, SCGI, AJP and uWSGI support with caching
o Dynamic configuration
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 TLS/SSL with SNI and OCSP stapling support, via OpenSSL.
Name- and IP address-based virtual servers
IPv6-compatible
HTTP/2 protocol support
Fine-grained authentication and authorization access control[20]
gzip compression and decompression
URL rewritingHeaders and contentrewriting
Custom logging with rotation
Concurrent connection limiting
Request processing rate limiting
Bandwidth throttling
Server Side IncludesIP address-based geolocation
User and Session tracking
WebDAV
Embedded Perl, PHP and Lua scripting
CGI support
public_html per-user web-pages
Generic expression parser
Real-time status views
XML support

Performance

Instead of implementing a single architecture, Apache provides a variety of Multiprocessing

Modules (MPMs), which allow Apache to run in a process-based, hybrid (process and
thread) or event-hybrid mode, to better match the demands of each particular infrastructure.
This implies that the choice of correct MPM and the correct configuration is important.
Where compromises in performance need to be made, the design of Apache is to reduce
latency and increase through out, relative to simply handling more requests, thus ensuring
consistent and reliable processing of requests within reasonable time-frames.

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 For delivery of static pages, Apache 2.2 series was considered significantly slower
than nginx and varnish.To address this issue, the Apache developers created the Event MPM,
which mixes the use of several processes and several threads per process in an asynchronous
event-based loops.This architecture, and the way it was implemented in the Apache 2.4
series, provides for performance equivalent or slightly better than event-based web servers,
as is cited by Jim Jagielski and other independent sources.However, some independent, but
significantly outdated, benchmarks show that it still is half as fast as nginx,

Licensing

The Apache HTTP Server codebase was relicensed to the Apache 2.0 License (from the
previous 1.1 license) in January 2004, and Apache HTTP Server 1.3.31 and 2.0.49 were the
first releases using the new license.

The OpenBSD project did not like the change and continued the use of pre-2.0 Apache
versions, effectively forking Apache 1.3.x for its purposes. They initially replaced it
with Nginx, and soon after made their own replacement, OpenBSD Httpd, based on the
related project.

Versions:

Version 1.1: The Apache License 1.1 was approved by the ASF in 2000: The primary change
from the 1.0 license is in the 'advertising clause' (section 3 of the 1.0 license); derived
products are no longer required to include attribution in their advertising materials, but only
in their documentation.

Version 2.0: The ASF adopted the Apache License 2.0 in January 2004. The stated goals of
the license included making the license easier for non-ASF projects to use, improving
compatibility with GPL-based software, allowing the license to be included by reference
instead of listed in every file, clarifying the license on contributions, and requiring a patent
license on contributions that necessarily infringe a contributor's own patents.

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 1.4.2 MySQL:
MySQL is the world's most popular open source database software, with over 100 million copies
of its software downloaded or distributed throughout it's history. With its superior speed,
reliability, and ease of use, MySQL has become the preferred choice for Web, Web 2.0, SaaS,
ISV, Telecom companies and forward-thinking corporate IT Managers because it eliminates the
major problems associated with downtime, maintenance and administration for modern, online
applications.
Many of the world's largest and fastest-growing organizations use MySQL to save time and
money powering their high-volume Web sites, critical business systems, and packaged software
including industry leaders such as Yahoo!, Alcatel-Lucent, Google, Nokia, YouTube,
Wikipedia, and Booking.com.
The flagship MySQL offering is MySQL Enterprise, a comprehensive set of production-tested
software, proactive monitoring tools, and premium support services available in an affordable
annual subscription.
MySQL is a key part of LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP / Perl / Python), the fast-growing
open source enterprise software stack. More and more companies are using LAMP as an
alternative to expensive proprietary software stacks because of its lower cost and freedom from
platform lock-in.
MySQL was originally founded and developed in Sweden by two Swedes and a Finn: David
Axmark, Allan Larsson and Michael "Monty" Widenius, who had worked together since the
1980's. More historical information on MySQL is available on Wikipedia.

1.4.3 PhpMyAdmin:
PhpMyAdmin is a free software tool written in PHP, intended to handle the administration of
MySQL over the Web. PhpMyAdmin supports a wide range of operations on MySQL, MariaDB
and Drizzle. Frequently used operations (managing databases, tables, columns, relations,
indexes, users, permissions, etc) can be performed via the user interface, while you still have the
ability to directly execute any SQL statement.
PhpMyAdmin comes with a wide range of documentation and users are welcome to update our
wiki pages to share ideas and howtos for various operations. The phpMyAdmin team will try to
help you if you face any problem; you can use a variety of support channels to get help.

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 PhpMyAdmin is also very deeply documented in a book written by one of the developers
Mastering phpMyAdmin for Effective MySQL Management, which is available in English and
Spanish.
To ease usage to a wide range of people, phpMyAdmin is being translated into 72 languages and
supports both LTR and RTL languages.
PhpMyAdmin has won several awards. Among others, it was chosen as the best PHP application
in various awards and has won every year the SourceForge.net Community Choice Awards as
"Best Tool or Utility for SysAdmins".
PhpMyAdmin is a fifteen-year-old project with a stable and flexible code base; you can find out
more about the project and its history. When the project turned 15, we published a celebration
page.

Features: Intuitive web interface - Support for most MySQL features: browse and drop
databases, tables, views, fields and indexescreate, copy, drop, rename and alter databases, tables,
fields and indexes maintenance server, databases and tables, with proposals on server
configuration execute, edit and bookmark any SQL-statement, even batch- queries manage
MySQL users and privileges manage stored procedures and triggers - Import data from CSV and
SQL Export data to various formats: CSV, SQL, XML, PDF, ISO/IEC 26300 .

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 CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

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 CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Feasibility Study

Feasibility Study is a preliminary study undertaken to determine and document a project's
viability. The term feasibility study is also used to refer to the resulting document. These results
of this study are used to make a decision whether to proceed with the project, or table it. If it
indeed leads to a project being approved, it will before the real work of the proposed project
starts be used to ascertain the likelihood of the project's success. It is an analysis of possible
alternative solutions to a problem and a recommendation on the best alternative.
for example, can decide whether an order processing be carried out by a new system more
efficiently than the previous one.

2.1.1 Operational feasibility

It is to find out whether the current work practices and procedures support a new system. Also
social factors i.e. how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected
by the system

2.1.2 Technical feasibility

This involves questions such as whether the technology needed for the system exists, how
difficult it will be to build, and whether the firm has enough experience using that technology.
The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements i n terms of Input,
Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures. This can be qualified in terms of volumes
of data, trends, frequency of updating in order to give an introduction to the technical system.
The application is the fact that it has been developed on Windows 8 platform and a high
configuration of 2GB RAMS on Intel Pentium dual core processor. This is technically feasible.

2.1.3 Financial and Economic feasibility

Establishing the cost-effectiveness of the proposed system i.e. if the benefits do not outweigh the
costs then it is not worth going ahead. In the fast paced world today there is a great need of

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 online social networking facilities. Thus the benefits of this project in the current scenario make
it economically feasible

2.2 Requirement Analysis

We are overcoming the difficulty of student details which were manual in the current system and
here we generate detailed information about the students which will save our time to inform each
and every batch and section and student profile is maintained.

2.2.1 Functional Requirements

This section describes the functional requirements of the system for those requirements which
are expressed in the natural language style. A faculty member should be able to login to the
system through the first page of the application, and mention his required roll number and he
should get the details of the student with that roll number. An administrator can login into his
account and he will update the student information.

2.2.2 Non Functional Requirements

Usability: This section includes all of those requirements that effect usability.
We get the response within seconds.
The software must have a simple, user-friendly interface so customers can save time and
confusion.

Reliability
The system is more reliable because of the qualities that are inherited from the chosen
platform . The code built by using XAMPP is more reliable.

Implementation
The system is implemented in web environment. The apache tomcat is used as the web
server and windows 8 professional is used as the platform.

Interface

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 The user interface is based on the web browser. The application is developed using CSS
and HTML..
The Interface design is aimed at a flexible front-end communication to provide the user
with clear information in navigating a user-friendly interface is planned.

2.2.3 Performance Requirements

The completely separate business logic at server side from the student interface ensures good
performance.
The system exhibits high performance because it is well optimized. The business logic is
clearly separate from the UI.
We get the response within seconds.

2.2.4 Hardware & Software requirements

Hardware: Processor Intel dual core
Operating System: Windows 7, Windows 8
Browser: Google chrome latest version,; .
Performance: The turn-around time of the project will be medium.
Software: XAMPP
Database: MY SQL

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

Designing
3.1 Entity Relationship Diagram
An Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a graphical tool to express the overall structure of a
database. It is based on a perception of a real world which consists of a set of basic objects. An
entity is a person, place, thing or event of interest to the organization and about which data are
captured, stored or processed. - The attributes are various kinds of data that describes an entity. -
An association of several entities in an Entity-Relationship model is called relationship.

[Fig 3.1 : Entity Relationship diagram for Placement Information System]

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 3.2 Data Flow Diagram
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical tool used to describe and analyze the movement of
data through a system by depicting the flow of data, storage of data, source or destination of data
and the processes that respond to change in data. The DFD is one of the most important tools
used by the system analysts to model system components, namely
- System Process - Data Store - The information flows in the system - Any external entities that
interact with the system (source or destination of the data)

3.2.1 Context Level DFD

[Fig 3.2.1: Context Level DFD]

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 3.2.2 Level 1 DFD

[Fig 3.2.2: Level 1 DFD]

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 3.2.3 Level 2 DFD for student:

[Fig 3.2.3: Level 2 DFD for student]

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 3.2.4 Level 2 DFD for company

[Fig 3.2.4: Level 2 DFD for Company]

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 3.2.5 Level 2 DFD for Admin

[Fig 3.2.5 : Level 2 DFD for Admin]

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 CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM DESIGN

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 CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM DESIGN

Design is the first step in the development phase for any techniques and principles for the purpose of
defining a device, a process or system in sufficient detail to permit its physical realization.

Once the software requirements have been analyzed and specified the software design involves three
technical activities - design, coding, implementation and testing that are required to build and verify the
software.

The design activities are of main importance in this phase, because in this activity, decisions ultimately
affecting the success of the software implementation and its ease of maintenance are made. These
decisions have the final bearing upon reliability and maintainability of the system. Design is the only
way to accurately translate the customers requirements into finished software or a system.

Design is the place where quality is fostered in development. Software design is a process through
which requirements are translated into a representation of software. Software design is conducted in two
steps. Preliminary design is concerned with the transformation of requirements into data.

4.1 UML Diagrams

4.1.1 Introduction
Actor: A coherent set of roles that users of use cases play when interacting with the use cases.

Use case: A description of sequence of actions, including variants, that a system performs that
yields an observable result of value of an actor.

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 UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a language for specifying, visualizing and
documenting the system. This is the step while developing any product after analysis. The goal
from this is to produce a model of the entities involved in the project which later need to be built.
The representation of the entities that are to be used in the product being
There are various kinds of methods in software design. They are as follows:
Use case Diagram
Sequence Diagram
Activity Diagram

4.2Use case Diagram

A Use case is a description of set of sequence of actions graphically it is rendered as an ellipse
with solid line including only its name. Use case diagram is a behavioral diagram that shows a
set of use cases and actors and their relationship. It is an association between the use cases and
actors. An actor represents a real-world object.
4.2.1Use case Diagram for Student

[Fig 4.2.1: Use case diagram for student]

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 4.2.2 Use case Diagram for Company:

[Fig 4.2.2: Use case Diagram for Company]

4.2.3 Use case Diagram for Admin:

[Fig 4.2.3: Use case Diagram for Admin]

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 4.3 Utilities according to specific user:

1. Admin:
Admin has the supreme power of the application. - Admin provides approval for student and
corporate registration. - Admin is responsible for maintaining the whole system. - Use search
engine for searching any data about student with various filter parameters. - Admin can delete
any profile. - Admin can send mail to student and company.

2. Student:
Student of the college is the user of this application. - New student needs to sign up with basic
details. - Reregistered student can login using unique username and password. - Student can
submit resume and update profile information. - Student can download their profile as PDF
format.

3. Company:
To communicate with Placement Officer, Company needs to signup. - After approved by
Placement Officer Company can search the all of the studentsinformation. - Company can mail
to Placement Officer

Common Features:
Everyone can see some common pages. - Every registered user can change their password and
upload new profile picture.

Process of registration for the users:

A Student or company who wants to join the application must have to fill a form for their
registration which contains the information of the user.
A unique username and password is assigned to every user so that the condition of consistency
satisfied. Some options are provided for the user so that they can use the application.
They are as follows:-Login:-To use the application a user must have to login. When user click on
the login option a form containing fields for the username and password appear. The user has to
fill the information and if the username and the password are correct then he/she is allowed to

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 use the application. If the username and the password filled by the user is not correct then a
notice appear to the user regarding this condition and he/she cant use the application.

PROJECT SCREENSHOTS:

HOME PAGE:

In this page new user that means student or company needs to signup. Existing user can login with their
proper username and password.

[Image: Home page of the project]

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STUDENT REGISTRATION:

The student registration form from where students can register their details for placements.

[Image: Student registration form of the project]

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STUDENT LOGIN PAGE:

This is the student login page of the project from where student can login and view the details regarding
upcoming companies for campus placement.

[Image: Student login page of the project]

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ADMIN LOGIN PAGE:

This is admin page of my project.From here admin can get logged in to the website.Any student or
company logged in who wants to put their details or any posts are firstly to be authorised by the
admin.Admin can update or modify the details in it.The admin would only be the person from training
and placement office.

[Image: Admin login page of the project]

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COMPANY/ EMPLOYER LOGIN PAGE:

This is the company login page of my project. Company can get logged in through this and can insert
details of their company, about all the descriptions regarding job profile.

[Image: Employer/ Company login page of the project]

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CHANGE PASSWORD

If anyone wants to change his/her password, here is the dialogue box open to change their password.

[Image: Password recreation page of the project]

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 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

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 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

From a proper analysis of positive points and constraints on the component, it can be safely concluded
that the product is a highly efficient GUI based component. This component can be easily plugged in
many other systems. Also the component is user friendly. Generally the TPOs of the Colleges has to
face a lot of problems in management of the Students information. This all information has to be
managed manually. So, there is a need to develop a system that can solve the mentioned problem. This
software comes with just that solution.

FURTHER ENHANCEMENTS

Future scope of the project:

Though our project is itself matured enough but still betterment is always an open door. In this case also
we can add some features to this software to make this software more reliable.

These are as follows:-

During the development of the project my prime object was to keep the hardware & software
requirement as minimum as possible so that it supports maximum user base.
The searching procedure should be very strong like placement officer can search student as fast
as possible.
Modify the project with better approach with more graphics.
The back-up procedure can be incorporated to make sure of the database integrity.
Recruiter can visit any time through this application and communicate with Placement officer.
Placement officer can contact with both student and company through message. Student and
company can also send message to placement officer.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Training Notes
2. www.w3schools.com

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