12 Volt Battery Management Freescale

TM
June 2011
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, t
he Energy Efficient Solutions logo, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, QorIQ, StarCore and Symphony
are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack,
ColdFire+, CoreNet, Flexis, Kinetis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ
Qonverge, Qorivva, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, VortiQa and Xtrinsic are trademarks
of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property
of their respective owners. 2011 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Motivation for an Intelligent Battery Sensor
Introduction to MM912J637 Intelligent Battery Sensor
Competitive Advantages of MM912J637
Summary
Freescale on Kaixin Weibo?

Tag yourself in photos Please use hashtag
and upload your own! #FTF2011#
Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, QorIQ, StarCore
and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, ColdFire+, CoreNet, Flexis, Kinetis, MXC, Platform in a
TM 2 Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ Qonverge, Qorivva, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, VortiQa and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. 2011 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
TM
What is the most probable reason for this stop
in the middle of the desert?
Most probably a
battery failure !!
Battery field failure rates are ranging from 1000 to

>10000 ppm for Batteries older than 3 years!
Freescale reserves the right to change or discontinue this product without notice.
Freescale is solving this problem with the
MM912J637 Intelligent Battery Sensor !
Provides early warning of battery discharge!

Helps avoid battery failures in the field!
Energy
Management
Increase of Load Idle Decrease
current regu-lati speed engine Stringent
Sophistication demand control idle speed
on emission &
of vehicle
fuel
electronics
Increasing no. Altenator Increase of consumption
functions Battery
of consumers voltage alternator requirements
charge
in the car control efficiency
Battery Management System (BMS)

Enables power supply management / Power network stabilization
Enables intelligent alternator control
Enables regenerative breaking
Provides early warning of battery discharge & avoids of battery field failures
Enables start/stop automatic/crankability prediction
Determines current availability for critical systems and conditions
Source: Own Slide based on Internet research
Battery Management System (BMS)
Provides Battery State
State of Charge (SoC)
State of Health (SoH)
State of Function (SoF)
Body Control Module (BCM)

Controls generator
Controls power distribution
DC/DC
Ensures seamless operation
of consumers in the car in
case of cranking event
Both Intelligent Battery Sensor and
precision Shunt Resistor are physically
integrated within the terminal recess of the
MM912J637
battery
Main Functions:
1. Precision Measurements
Battery current measurement via an
external shunt resistor at the negative pole
of the battery
Battery voltage measurement via a series
resistor at the positive pole, measured
concurrently with the battery current
The integrated temperature sensor
combined with battery mounting allows
accurate battery temperature
measurement
2. Calculation of battery state
(SoC, SoH, SoF) with embedded MCU
3. Communication to BCM with
integrated LIN interface
TM
VDDA LIN
(optional) LIN interface
Battery voltage measurement
ADC Supply
AGND LGND Battery current measurement in up to 8 ranges
ADCGND On chip temperature measurement
Internal TSUP Optional Temp Sense
VDDL Temp VTEMP Input & Supply
Normal and two low-power modes
2.5V Supply VDDH Sense Current threshold detection and current averaging in
VDDD2D Module
VOPT Voltage Sense standby => wake-up from low-power mode
Battery
5V Supply
VDDX VSENSE Plus Pole
Module
Triggered wake-up from LIN and periodic wake-up
VDDRX
Signal low pass filtering (current, voltage)
DGND PGA (programmable low-noise gain amplifier) with
Digital VSUP Power Supply
Ground
VSSD2D automatic gain control feature
VSSRX
Accurate internal oscillator (an external quartz oscillator
Reset
RESET ISENSEL
Battery
Negative Pole
may be used for extended accuracy)
RESET_A
Shunt
Current Sense
Module
Communication via a LIN 2.1, LIN2.0 bus interface
PA0/MISO
PA1/MOSI ISENSEH
Chassis
S12 microcontroller with 128 kByte flash, 6.0 kByte RAM,
5V digital I/O
PA2/SCK Ground 4.0 kByte data flash
PTB0
PA3/SS - 5V GPI/O shared
with TIMER, SCI
Background debug module
PA4
PA5
PTB1 and LIN External temperature sensor option (TSUP, VTEMP)
PA6 PTB2 - PTB3 High
Voltage WAKE
Optional 2nd external voltage sense input (VOPT)
PA7 PTB3 / L0 capable 4 x 5.0 V GPIO including one Wake-up capable high
Debug and BKGD/MODC
4
voltage input (PTB3/L0)
external
Oscillator
PTE0/EXTAL GNDSUB Substrate GNDs 8 x MCU general purpose I/O including SPI functionality
PTE1/XTAL
MCU Test TEST
TCLK Industry standard EMC and ESD compliance
TEST_A
Analog Test
Normal Mode
All device modules active
MCU fully supplied, D2DCLK active analog die clock source
Window Watchdog clocked by the Low Power Oscillator
(LPCLK) to operate on independent clock
Stop Mode
MCU in low power mode, MCU-Regulator Supply reduced
current capability, D2D interface supply disabled (VDDH=OFF)
Unused Analog Blocks disabled
Watchdogs = OFF
Optional : The following wake-ups: LIN, Calibration Request,
Cyclic, External , Current Threshold, Lifetime Counter
Optional: Current Measurmnt / Current Avg and Temp
Measurmnt
Sleep Mode
MCU powered down (VDDH and VDDX = OFF)
Unused Analog Blocks disabled
Watchdogs = OFF
Optional : The following wake-ups: LIN, Calibration Request,
Cyclic, External , Current Threshold, Lifetime Counter
Optional: Current / Current Avg and Temp Measurmnt
Intermediate Mode Every transition from Stop or Sleep into
normal mode will go through an controllable Mode
Reset Mode Every reset source within the analog die will bring
the system into RESET state
Power On Reset Mode For both low voltage thresholds are
defined to indicate a loss of internal state.
Cranking Mode Special Mode implemented to guarantee the
RAM content being valid though very low power conditions.
Same V and I channel structures allow sysnchronization between voltage
and current measurment
14
Feature Summary:
Dedicated 16 Bit Sigma Delta () ADC
Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) with 8
programmable gain factors
Gain Control Block (GCB) for automatic gain adjustment
Simultaneous sampling with voltage channel
Gain and offset compensation
Optional chopper mode with moving average
SINC3 + IIR stage
Programmable Low Pass Filter (LPF), configuration
shared with voltage measurement channel
Shunt open detect sensing feature
Triggered sampling during low power mode with
programmable wake up conditions
Feature Summary:
Dedicated 16 Bit Sigma Delta () ADC
Fixed high precision divider
Optional external voltage input VOPT
Simultaneous sampling with current
channel
Gain and offset compensation
Optional chopper mode with moving
average
SINC3 + IIR Stage
Programmable Low Pass Filter (LPF),
configuration shared with current
measurement channel
Feature Summary:
Internal on chip temperature sensor
Optional external temperature sensor input
(VTEMP)
Dedicated 16-bit Sigma Delta ADC
Programmable gain and offset
compensation
Optional external sensor supply (TSUP) with
selectable capacitor
Optional measurement during low power
mode to trigger recalibration
Cyclic current acquisition / calibration
temperature check
Three wake-up conditions are implemented.
Current threshold wake-up
Current amp hour threshold wake-up
Calibration request wake-up
Timed wake-up
Programmable wake up timer with integrated
4-channel timer module available during both
low power modes
Wake up from LIN
Wake up on pin : PBT3/L0 with pin 0 to 1
transition (rising edge)
Wake up on life time counter overflow
The life time counter can be configured to run
during low power mode, Once the counter
overflows with the life time counter wake up
enabled, a wake up is issued.
General wake up indicator
To indicate the system has been woken up
after power up,
TM
Differentiated Features Automotive Robustness High Integration/ Advanced Packaging
The MM912J637 provides high The MM912J637 IBS is designed to A highly integrated single-package
accuracy measurements for meet highest automotive robustness solution can reduced the number of
voltage (5mV), current (0.15% (5- standards for ESD, EMC and zero components on the bill of materials
18V) and temperature (+/- 3K) over defect quality levels
a wide temperature range (-40C to QFN package with wettable flank
+125C) at a low power
It is fully AEC-Q100 automotive technology enables optical inspection
qualified for operation from -40C to instead of more expensive x-ray
consumption
+125C inspection
The unique auto gain function
allows fast measurement range
It provides Automotive graded test
limits (six sigma limits on tested
adjustment
parameters)
Assists customers to reduce May provide a cost advantage May enable significant reduction
BMS SW complexity and as well as a allow customers the of effective application space
current consumption ability to differentiate their and provide a time-to-market
products advantage
Item Main Competitor MM912J637
Die to Die Unreliable die to die communication btw/ Secure D2D interface (incl. CRC, etc)
communication MCU and analog chip
Internal Temperature After user calibration Fully trimmed temp sensor
Sensor Bad integrated temp sensor performance, Good integrated temperature sensor
due to chip-on-chip implementation performance due to chip side-by-side
implementation
Current Measurments: IRQ for current threshold exceed (MCU Auto gain (HW based-> much faster,
Handling of Current interrupt based-> slow) potentially no missing information in critical
Threshold Exceed: missing information at critical events situations (cranking pulse)
(cranking pulse)
LPF No LPF, SW based filters, high current 16 coefficient programmable LPF
consumption
Current Measurement: Degraded offset in normal mode, MCU No limitations in normal mode
Best performance clock dependent
Temp and Voltage Multiplexer for temp and voltage (shared 3 independent channels with
Channel Architecture compensation registers) individual compensation registers
No. of Voltage Sense No 2nd voltage sense input 2 multiplexed voltage sense inputs
inputs
Power Consmptn 30mA max with ADC OFF 30mA (tested) with all features ON
:RUN Mode:
Power Consmptn >175A up to 40C / 300A up to 85C 100A max + cyclic till 125C
:SLEEP Mode:
Max Spec Ambient Max spec ambient 115C Max spec ambient 125C
Temp.: TM
Critical parameters limited btw 20
-20 to 65 C
Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ Qonverge, Qorivva, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, VortiQa and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Energy efficiency is very important for new
vehicles
ECUs must be efficient in terms of power consumption
Especially BMS needs to be efficient as it is always active
Techniques to decrease power consumption

Low power modes & sophisticated wake-up mechanisms
Competive features targeted to reduce SW complexity
Low power mode
Switch off HW blocks when they are not needed (e.g. CPU, I/O)
Reduce speed of running blocks (e.g. ADC sampling freq)
Application requirements during low power modes

SoC tracking with coulomb counting
-> Autonomous current measurement and coulomb counting
Ability to react (wake-up) on changes of battery- or vehicle
state
-> Wake-up on current threshold (consumers are turned on/off)
-> Wake-up on temperature change (recalibration?, change of SoF?)
-> Wake-up on LIN message (from BCM)
-> Approximately 70% of time in low power mode
Moving SW tasks to HW blocks
Sample filtering
Automatic filtering towards battery chemistry determined frequency range
Programmable FIR filter (coefficients are passed via registers)
Current channel
Automatic gain amplifier to best fit input signal towards ADC measurement
range (accuracy vs. measurement range)
Automatic coulomb counting in low power mode
Eased calibration
Correction values are stored during factory end-of-line testing
No calculation in SW -> load from NVM and write into correction register
Automatic recalibration sequence for measurement accuracy (e.g. auto zero)
Guaranteed device parameters over lifetime

-> Reduced/no observation of parameters necessary in SW
Item Main Competitor MM912J637
Automotive Tested Footnote #1 on most parameters: Automotive graded test limits (six
Parameters These numbers are not sigma limits on tested parameters)
production tested but are
guaranteed by design and/or
characterization data at
producton release.
Temperature Sense After user calibration Fully trimmed temp sensor

Parameter
Power Consumption: SLEEP >175A up to 40C / 300A up to 100A max + cyclic till 125C
Mode 85C
ESD/EMC/Conformance ESD: All/LIN: 1/5kV ESD: 2/4/15kV (All/HV/LIN),

No LIN conformance LIN/J2602-2 car OEM conformance
Need external components to tested
meet EMC and ESD Passed ESD/EMC tests with no extra
components
Max Spec Ambient Temp: Max spec ambient 115 Max spec ambient 125C
Only if additional external
Only if L0 is used as Temperature Sensor is used.
external Wake-up pin.
7x7 QFN 48ld Optical inspection capable through
wettable flanks / dimple leads
No need of x-ray inspection, which could
be difficult through the shunt resistor
Allows small fotprint ECU layout
Pinout optimized for low number signal
routing layers
27
TM
Primary Application: 12V Car Battery Monitoring MM912J637 Key Characteristics
requires Precision Measurement MCU S12 (16-bit)
Determination of key
of Battery Current, Voltage Flash 128k
battery characteristics:
& Temperature Data Flash 4k
State of Health (SoH)
State of Charge (SoC) RAM 6k
State of Function (SoF) Mixed-Signal Chip
LIN Physical Layer (ESD 15kV w/o cap- 25kV w/ cap)
Battery Model Watchdog
Standby Current <100A (1sec Isense)
Operating Voltage 3.5..28V
RAM Contents Guaranteed :2.5...3.5V
3x ADC (2nd Order Sigma Delta) 16bit
Current Measurement
Relative Accuracy <0.5%
Absolute Accuracy <500nV
Voltage Measurement
Relative Accuracy <1%
Absolute Accuracy <5mV
Temperature Measurement
Relative Accuracy <2K
Absolute Accuracy <0.5K
Operating Temperature -40C<Ta<125C
Product Demonstrator Available EVB Available
Shunt Resistor TM 29 and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, ColdFire+, CoreNet, Flexis, Kinetis, MXC, Platform in a
Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ Qonverge, Qorivva, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink, VortiQa and Xtrinsic are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MM912J637 is
An embedded MCU + precision analog into a single device
Highly integrated to allow BOM optimization
Designed to reduce SW complexity and current
consumption compared to existing solutions
AECQ-100 qualified, meeting automotive robustness and
zero defect quality levels
Samples available
EVBs available
Product demonstrator available
Session materials will be posted @

www.freescale.com.cn/FTF
Look for announcements in the FTF Group
on LinkedIn or follow Freescale on Sina
TM
TM
Battery monitoring algorithms
State-of-Charge (SoC)
Definition
SoC determination
1st method: Couloum counting method
2nd method: Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) method
Combination of methods
State-of-Health (SoH)
SoH determination
State-of-Function (SoF)
SoF determination
Definition
Fully charged battery: 100% SoC
Fully discharged battery 0% SoC
SoC changes with charging and discharging
Better:
Available Nominal Available capacity
Capacity Capacity
Often different from nominal
capacity (labeled on battery)
Dischargable Not easy to determine
Capacity
Nominal capacity
Known
Exact amount of charge is
known for each SoC
Coulomb counting (a.k.a. ampere hour balancing)
Tracking charge and discharge current over time
... Efficiency factor, dependency of available capacity on

current level and temperature
Fast detection of relative changes in the SoC

Gets erroneous over time due to
Changing battery condition (aging, self discharge)
Measurement and quantization errors
-> Restart of integration and recalibration of Q(t0) as often as possible
Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) method
OCV: voltage between battery poles without consumers
Linear relationship between OCV and SoC
OCV vs. SoC

13
12.8
12.6
OCV [V]
12.4
12.2
12
OCV
11.8
11.6
11.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
SoC [%]
Due to chemical reactions, rest time of 30min 4 hours required before

measurement of OCV!
Always active Vehicle is parked & OCV can be measured
Coulomb counting OCV method
Reset,
SoC
Definition
Intuitive: SoH decreases with raising age of the battery
Problem
Various aging effects (sulfation, corrosion, etc.)
Very difficult to detect and quantify individually
Solution
SoH expresses the degradation of available capacity over lifetime
Available
Capacity
Aging Available Capacity

Dischargable Dischargable Capacity
Capacity
At detected full charges, compare SoC and SoH
Detected full charge
n
SoC = SoH
y SoH = SoC
Supporting method
Weight charge/discharge cycles towards cycle stability given by
battery manufacturer
Definition
Prediction if a specific function can be completed
Mostly: Prediction of cranking capability
Cranking capability prediction can avoid vehicle break downs

Dashboard warning light before car is parked
Start-Stop is deactivated if SoF is low
Low SoF
BMS BCM
Cranking Voltage [V]
Analysis of most recent 16
cranking pulses 15
14
Calculation of inner 13
resistance Ri 12 Voltage
11
10
9
8
SoF = f(Ri, SoC, Temp) Cranking Current [A]

100
50
0
Ri indicates coming -50
-100
battery failure by -150
Current
-200
Significant rise -250

-300
-350
Nonlinearity -400
-450
LIN 2.1 SAE J2602-2
TM

12 Volt Battery Management Freescale

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

12 Volt Battery Management Freescale

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

TM

Introduction to MM912J637 Intelligent Battery Sensor

Competitive Advantages of MM912J637

Freescale on Kaixin Weibo?

Battery field failure rates are ranging from 1000 to

Provides early warning of battery discharge!

Battery Management System (BMS)

Body Control Module (BCM)

Techniques to decrease power consumption

Application requirements during low power modes

-> Approximately 70% of time in low power mode

Guaranteed device parameters over lifetime

Temperature Sense After user calibration Fully trimmed temp sensor

ESD/EMC/Conformance ESD: All/LIN: 1/5kV ESD: 2/4/15kV (All/HV/LIN),

Product Demonstrator Available EVB Available

Session materials will be posted @

... Efficiency factor, dependency of available capacity on

Fast detection of relative changes in the SoC

OCV vs. SoC

Due to chemical reactions, rest time of 30min 4 hours required before

Coulomb counting OCV method

Aging Available Capacity

Cranking capability prediction can avoid vehicle break downs

SoF = f(Ri, SoC, Temp) Cranking Current [A]

Significant rise -250

S-ar putea să vă placă și