4 .

Moving Ch a r ges and Magn etism

Biot-Savar t's l aw:

dB = Idl sine
r2
r

The m agnetic field at the centre of a circular coil-carrying current is given by

B = !lonl
2r
\here,
n No. of turns in the coil
Current flowing through the circular coil
r Radius of the coil

The magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular coil-carrying current is

given b y

B = ----'--=---.-
3

2(r2 + x2)2
\her e,
n No. of twns in the coil
Current flowing through the circular coil
r Radius of the coil
x D istance of the point from the centre of the coil
A m per e 's circuitalla w :
The line integral of m agnetic field induction B around a d o sed path in vacuum is
equal to p 0 times the total em-rent I threading it.
p"B.di = !lol
The magnetic field induction at a point well inside a solenoid is given by
B poni =
\here, n is the n umber of turns of the solenoid
The magnetic field induction due to current in an ideal toroid is given by
B = poni
Lor e n t z Forc e: It is the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a
sp ace where both electric and magnetic fields exist.
 F= q (E )+ q ( v x B)

Where,
q E Force due to electric field
q (v B) Force due to magnetic field
Cyclotron De\ice to accelerate positively charged particles
:,;;.. Cyclotron frequen c y:
Bq
V = --
2Jtm
Where m is the m ass o f the ion
);.> Maxi mum energy of positive ion:
B 2 2R 2
Max. K.E = q
2m
Where, R is the radius of the deez
The force on a current-can-ying conductor p laced in a magnetic field is given by
F =liB sin9
The force between two parallel conductor s can-ying cun-ent is given by
F, = llol /2
- 2rcr
n, f)l

I!

111

cl
- Hz
c1
Note
T w o linear p arallel conductors carrying currents in the same direction
attract each other .
Two linear parallel conductor s caiTying cw-rents in opposite directions
repel each other.
In a moving coil galvanometer, the coil is wound over the metallic &arne in
order to m ak e the galvanom eter dead beat, i. e., on passing cun-ent, the
galvanome ter shows a steady deflection without any oscillation.
A moving coil galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by introducing a
shunt resistance r, of a small value , in parallel. It can be converted into a
voltmeter b y intro ducing a resistance of a lar ge value, in series.