1) (a) A hemisphere cistern of 6m radius is full of water.

It is fitted with a 75mm diameter sharp edged

orifice at the bottom. Calculate the time required to lower the level in the cistern by 2 meters. Assume
co-efficient of discharge for the orifice is 0.6.

(b) An internal mouthpiece of 80 mm diameter is discharging water under a constant head of 8

meters. Find the discharge through mouthpiece, when (i) The mouthpiece is running free and (ii) The
mouthpiece is running full.

2) (a) A convergent-divergent mouthpiece is fitted to the side of a tank. The discharge through
mouthpiece under a constant head of 1.5m is 5 litre/s. The head loss in the divergent portion is 0.10
times the kinetic head at outlet. Find the throat and exit diameters, if separation pressure is 2.5m and
atmosphere pressure head = 10.3 m of water.

(b) An orifice of diameter 150mm is fitted at the bottom of a boiler drum of length 8m and of
diameter 3 m. The drum is horizontal and contains water upto a height of 2.4m. Find the time required
to empty the boiler. Take Cd=0.6

3) (a) A pipe 100mm in diameter, has a nozzle attached to it at the discharge end, the diameter of the
nozzle is 50mm. The rate of discharge of water through the nozzle is 20 litres/s and the pressure at the
base of the nozzle of 5.886 N/cm2. Calculate the coefficient of discharge. Assume that the base of the
nozzle and outlet of the nozzle are the same direction.

(b) A closed tank partially filled with water upto a height of 0.9m having an orifice of diameter 15mm
at the bottom of the tank. The air is pumped into the upper part of the tank. Determine the pressure
required for a discharge of 1.5 litres/s through the orifice. Take Cd =0.062.

4) (a) State Buckinghums pi theorem. Find an expression for the drag force on smooth sphere of
diameter D, moving with a uniform velocity V in a fluid of density and dynamic viscosity .

(b) With reference to model testing. Define geometric similarity, Kinematic similarity and dynamic
similarity. What are the 5 different dimensionless numbers. Write expressions for them. The discharge
through a weir is 1.5m3/s. Find the discharge through the model of the weir if the horizontal dimension
of the model = 1/50 of the horizontal dimension of the prototype and vertical dimension of the model =
1/10 of the vertical dimension of the prototype.

5) (a) A 1:15 model of a flying boat if towed through water. The prototype is moving in sea-water of
density 1024 kg/m3 at a velocity of 20m/s. Find the corresponding speed of the model. Also determine
the resistance due to waves on model if the resistance due to waves of prototype is 600 N

(b) A 1:64 model is constructed of an open channel in concrete which has Mannings N=0.014. Find
the value of N for the model.

6) The pressure difference p in a pipe of diameter D and length l due to turbulent flow depends on the
velocity V, viscosity , density and roughness k. using Buckinghums pi theorem, obtain an expression
for p