LATERAL TORSIONAL

BUCKLING
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams
O Consider the following items:
O Flange of a beam as a column is subjected to
compressive force
O The flange will buckle about strong axis of the
flange 2-2, not on axis 1-1 since the flange is
continuously connected on the web.
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams
O One must realize that:
O Tension flanges tends to keep the beam straight to
restrain from buckling, but increasing moment will
then cause buckling of compression flange
twisting will then occur.
O Since the flanges are continuously connected
along the web, the bending stiffness of the web
tends to brings the entire section into lateral
motion
Lateral Buckling
O Sudden buckling of the flange about its strong axis in a
lateral direction.
O Tension flange tends to straighten the element causing
unbalance in the lateral deflection. This will now lead to
the twisting of the structural element which is termed as
lateral torsional buckling - a combination of lateral
buckling with torsion or twisting.
Adequate & Definite Lateral Support
1. Continuous lateral support by embedment of the
compression flange in a concrete floor slab.
Adequate & Definite Lateral Support
2. Lateral supports at intervals. Take note however
that the whole system must also be investigated.
STRENGTH OF I-SHAPED BEAMS UNDER
UNIFORM MOMENT
O Limit States;
1. Local buckling of the flange in compression.
STRENGTH OF I-SHAPED BEAMS UNDER
UNIFORM MOMENT
O Limit States;
2. Local buckling of the web in flexural compression
STRENGTH OF I-SHAPED BEAMS UNDER
UNIFORM MOMENT
O Limit States;
3. Lateral torsional buckling.
STRENGTH OF I-SHAPED BEAMS UNDER
UNIFORM MOMENT
O Limit States;
4. Categories of Behaviour:
STRENGTH OF I-SHAPED BEAMS UNDER
UNIFORM MOMENT
O Limit States;
4. Categories of Behaviour:
a. Plastic Moment Strength is achieved along with
large deformation-rotational capacity. Rotational
Capacity is the ability to undergo large flange
strain without instability.

b. Inelastic Behaviour.
Behaviour Mp is achieved but little
rotation capacity is exhibited.

c. Inelastic Behaviour.
Behaviour Mr is reached or exceeded.
Limit States (local buckling & lateral torsional
buckling) will prevent achieving Mp.

d. Elastic Behaviour.
Behaviour Any limit state may occur prior
to achieving Mp
STRENGTH OF I-SHAPED BEAMS UNDER
UNIFORM MOMENT
O Limit States;
4. Categories of Behaviour:
STRENGTH OF I-SHAPED BEAMS UNDER
UNIFORM MOMENT
O Limit States;
4. Categories of Behaviour:
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
A. Double Symmetric Compact I-I-Shaped Members
and Channels bent about their Major Axis F.2
Where

=a modification factor for non uniform bending moment variation

for a beam segment laterally unbraced based on absolute values
of bending moments.

If bending moment is uniform, Cb = 1.0

Mmax = absolute maximum moment in unbraced segment

MA = absolute moment at 1/4 point of unbraced segment
MB = absolute moment at 1/2 point of unbraced segment
MC = absolute moment at 3/4 point of unbraced segment
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
A. Double Symmetric Compact I-I-Shaped Members
and Channels bent about their Major Axis F.2
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
B. Doubly Symmetric I shaped Members with
Compact Webs and Non Compact or Slender
Flanges bent about their Major Axis F.3
O This section applies to doubly symmetric I-
shaped members bent about their major axis
having compact webs and non-compact or
slender flanges. Only 11 sections are under this
category
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
B. Doubly Symmetric I shaped Members with
Compact Webs and Non Compact or Slender
Flanges bent about their Major Axis F.3
O The following shapes have non-compact flanges
for Fy50ksi(345MPa): W2148, W1499,
W1490, W1265, W1012, W831, W810,
W615, W69, W68.5, and M46. All other
ASTM A6 W,S,M,and HP shapes have compact
flanges for Fy50ksi(345MPa).
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
C. Doubly Symmetric and Singly Symmetric I
Shaped Members with Slender Webs bent about
their major Axis (AISC F5, NSCP 506.5)
506.5)
 AISC - Design of Flexural Members
C. Doubly Symmetric and Singly Symmetric I
Shaped Members with Slender Webs bent about
their major Axis (AISC F5, NSCP 506.5)
506.5)

Rpg bending strength reduction factor

tfc compression flange thickness
bfc compression flange width
hc distance from centroid to the inside face of the compression flanges
ho distance between flange centroid
Sxc, Sxt elastic section modulus referred to compression and tension flanges
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
AISC - Design of Flexural Members
O
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS IN AISC AND NSCP
O Square and Rectangular HSS and Box Shaped
Members
O Round HSS
O Tees and Double Angles loaded in the plane of
Symmetry
O Single Angles
O Rectangular Bars and Rounds
O Unsymmetrical Shapes
O A simply supported beam is loaded as shown.
The uniform load is 15% DL and 85%LL and the
concentrated load is 40% DL and 60%LL. The
beam has transverse lateral support at the ends
and every 7'-6" along the span. Select the
lightest W Section of A992 steel to achieve full
plastic moment capacity.
O Determine the factored Moment Mu
Pu = 1.2 (0.40) (48) + 1.6 (0.60) (48) = 69 kips
Wu = 1.2 (0.15) (1.4) + 1.6 (0.85) (1.4) = 2.16 kips/ft
Mu = wu L2 / 8 + Pu L / 4 = 761 kips-ft

O The maximum unbraced length Lb to achieve full plastic moment

strength Mp
Lp = 1.76ry SQRT(E/Fy)
Lp = 1.76 ry SQRT (E/Fy) = 42.386 ry
assuming ry = 0.22bf and having Lp = Lb = 7.5 ft
min bf = 7.5 (12) / (42.386) (0.22) = 9.7 in
O Compute required Zx
Required Mp = Mn = 761 / 0.9 = 846 ft-kips
Required Zx = Mn / Fy= 203 in3
O Compute required Zx
Required Mp = Mn = 761 / 0.9 = 846 ft-kips
Required Zx = Mn / Fy= 203 in3

O The lightest section with Zx > 203 is W24x84 but bf < 9.70 in.
O The next lightest section is W 18x97 with Zx = 211 and bf > 9.7in.

O v
O The lightest section with Zx > 203 is W24x84 but bf < 9.70 in.

O The next lightest section is W 18x97 with Zx = 211 and bf > 9.7in.
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams
O Select the lightest W section for the simply
supported beam. The superimposed load is 0.40
kip/ft DL and 1.0 kip/ft LL. Lateral support is
provided at the ends and at mid span. Assume
deflection limitations need not be considered.
Use A992 steel.
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams
O Determine the factored Moment Mu and
estimate beam weight to be 90 lb/ft

wu = 1.2 (0.40+0.09) + 1.6 (1.0) = 2.19 kips/ft

Mu = 2.19 (50)2 / 8 = 684 kips-ft
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams

O Compute for Cb

Cb = 12.5 Mmax / (2.5Mmax + 3 MA + 4 MB + 3 MC)

Cb = 12.5 (684) / (2.5(684) + 3(300) + 4(513) + 3(641))

Mmax = maximum moment

MA = moment at 1/4 point of unbraced length
MB = moment at 1/2 point of unbraced length
MC = moment at 3/4 point of unbraced length

Cb = 1.30
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams

O Compute Lb, Lp and Lr (Check using W18x97)

Lb = 25 ft
Lp = 1.76 ry SQRt(E/Fy)
= 9.36 ft
Lr = 30.3 ft (SOLVE)

Thus Lp < Lb < Lr

Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams

O Compute Mn

Mn = Cb [Mp - (Mp - 0.70Fy Sx)((Lb - Lp)/(Lr - Lp))] <

Mp

Mn = 822 kips -ft

Lateral Torsional Buckling of Beams

O Compare with Mu

0.9 (822) = 740 kips-ft > 688 kips-ft

 END
Thank YOu