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ME337 Aircraft Design

Assignment brief (with handin deadline) is at the bottom of the page. You need to complete all parts.
Hand in deadline* is 12.00pm on Monday 8th June 2015

Example student work (middle item in picture below) looks good!

ps : the rib shown at the bottom is just for show and is not part of the assignment and is not needed.

The following students are booked on CNC machine for 1st/2nd June. Each job should only take 3040 minutes.
This table will be updated with CNC progress.
JohnElibe
FawazHassan
HumdaanHussain
MahammedKhan
AhmedMirza
HarenRajwani
MridulaRamesh
BradleySams
AlexSmith
TomSmith
AliSyed

Week 6/7
Continue with the second part of the assignment, either designing your wing or your rib (see below). You should aim
to get your parts manufactured as early as possible to avoid the rush on equipment as the deadline for project
approaches. You will use either the CNC machine (Technician: Adam Cable) or the laser cutter (Technician: Gary

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Morgan).

For the CNC you will need to produce a 3D model of a single rib (Solidworks or IGES). For the laser cutter you will
need to produce a 2D DXF drawing of the entire wing which fits together (save as older version, e.g. Autocad DXF
R12).

Week 5
Complete the NACA4 series airfoil generator. Using your airfoil generator choose one of the following designs to
produce:
Either
(i) a single wing using laser cut process (lightweight and perhaps also for wind tunnel testing) from a single sheet
975mm x 725mm x 3mm material. It should have spars and ribs, for example:

or
(ii) a single aluminium rib using CNC (representativeof a real rib, with 2.5D profile, fuel cavities etc) from a
single block of aluminium 400mm x 100mm x 9.4mm. This can also be a mould. The minimum wall thickness is
2mm. The machining will be using a single 10mm diameter endmill and is only from one side, for example:

Commence design using CAD system.

Manufacture the design (using laser cutter or the CNC).

Week 4
We are continuing with building our NACA 4series airfoil generator.
Continue with the calculation of camber. Then combine the thickness and the camber for any airfoil.
To see if your calculations are correct, and you havent made any errors, check your results against the following
specific airfoil :NACA 4415
For some hackground reading, here is a useful online resource which you may wish to study :http://m
selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/coord_database.html

Week 3
Complete the thickness calculations. Add a new column in your spreadsheet for camber.

Week 2
Objectives this week are to make your (symmetrical) airfoil design "general purpose" (so it works with any chord and
thickness) and to explore the interface with a CAD program.
(Reminder An example of the NACA 4series, theNACA 2415 airfoil has a maximum thickness of 15% with a camber
of 2% located 40% back fromthe airfoil leading edge , or 0.4c)

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Tasks :Symmetrical airfoils

(i) Make your spreadsheet general purpose for CHORD and THICKNESS only. Use equations in Excel to extract digits
for c and t from the 4digit code.
(ii) Extract the data from Excel into a CAD package. Show a 3D drawing of a NACA XX15 airfoil with 1.8m chord.

Week 1
Some background reading on how airfoils really work this is important revision.
Incorrect Lift Theory #1
Incorrect Lift Theory #2
Incorrect Lift Theory #3
How wings work
Airfoil Misconceptions
[1] ReadNACA airfoild Wikipedia and using the following equation, plot the thickness for a NACA xx12 airfoil with
1m chord using Excel.

Assignment

Title: Airfoil Design and Application

The module is assessed 100% by coursework which willbe an individual written report consisting of three parts.

Summary:
Part 1 Design of a fully automated NACA 4series airfoil design package using Excel.
Part 2 Manufacture of a Wing or a Rib based on the package in Part 1.
Part 3 Analysis using XFOIL of a wing based on the airfoil section chosen in Part 2, and the effects of varying one
parameter (e.g. twist, winglets)

More details:

Write a report with the following three sections in the style of a tutorial aimed at another student.

Part 1

Explain how to obtain an XY profile of any NACA 4series aerofoil based on original calculations implemented in
Excel. Fully describe your method and show how you implemented the formulae given above [1]. Use diagrams
where necessary to show the geometry of the gradient of the camber line and +/ yt. Every formula used in your
spreadsheet needs to be shown and explained. Demonstrate that it works for any NACA 4series aerofoil. Compare
your results with actual results to prove the accuracy. Show how you produced the DAT file for your wing designs.
(34%)

Part 2

Either (a) or (b):

(a) Laser Cutter method: Design and build a wing using your airfoil generator, constructed from sheet material
which is cut on the laser cutter. The wing will have a constant section and be suitable for windtunnel testing. The
wing will be structurally completer with ribs, struts, spars and other parts as necessary. It does not need a skin. It
can be cut from a single sheet of 3mm ply wood, or 3mm acrylic, which will be provided. The maximum cutting
dimensions of the laser cutter are 975mm x 725mm.Minimise the weight of your wing.

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(b) CNC method: Design and manufacture an aluminium rib using your airfoil generator, constructed from a single
block of aluminium which is cut on the CNC machine. The rib needs to be structurally complete with
theminimumweight. It can be a scaled down version of an actual rib. Maximum size =450mm x 100mm x 10mm

Also, in your report, describe the design process, manufacturing method, and show pictures. (33%)

Part 3

Using XFLR5 conduct a theoretical performance analysis of an aircraft design using your NACA 4series profile
generator. Choose airfoil sections for a main wing and a tail wing. One objective is to estimate the longitudinal
stability of your aircraft with the airfoil sections chosen. (Note that the aircraft does not need to be stable or
unstable, you just need to predict which it is). Follow the methods given in References 4 and 5 below. Show how
you determine the CL and CD vs. alpha for your wings at different angles of attack. You will need to assume a range
of Reynolds numbers and other operating characteristics (sea level, air density etc.) for the performance analysis.
Explain the consequences of longitudinal stability and describe what a Phugoid is. Show all your results in graphical
format. (33%)

A single hardcopy of the report needs to be handed in before 12.00pm on Monday 8TH JUNE 2015* to the School
Office. The report should not exceed a total of 30 pages maximum (that includes all photos, spreadsheets,
drawings, etc).

Any questions on the above, please email Dr Jerome Leary

j.j.leary@brighton.ac.uk

Refs
[4]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFCL8IJlYnI
[5]https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=xflr5+
[6]http://www.xflr5.com/xflr5.htm

* this date is subject to no further workshop delay.

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