Resumo

Gramatical

Parte 1

Verb to Be
Present Simple Past Simple
Affirmative Present Simple Negative Affirmative Past Simple Negative
I am I'm not I was I wasn't
you are you aren't you were you weren't
he is he isn't he was he wasn't
she is she isn't she was she wasn't
it is it isn't it was it wasn't
we are we aren't we were we weren't
you are you aren't you were you weren't
they are they aren't they were they weren't

Verb to Have
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have I don't have do I have?
you have you don't have do you have?
he has he doesn't have does he have?
she has she doesn't have does she have?
it has it doesn't have does it have?
we have we don't have do we have?
you have you don't have do you have?
they have they don't have do they have?

Pronoun Chart
Possessive Possessive
Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Reflexive
I me my mine m
you you your yours you
he him his his him
her her her hers he
it it its its it
we us our ours our
you you your yours your
they them their theirs them

Indefinite
Pronoun Chart
Indefinite Compounds
Pronouns Person Person Thing P
some someone somebody something som
any anyone anybody anything any
no no one nobody nothing now
 every everyone everybody everything ever

Determiners & Quantifiers with Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Determiners & Countable
Quantifiers Singular Plural Uncountable
many / much many much
a few / a little a few a little
more more more
fewer / less fewer less
the the the the
a, an a, an
numbers one two, three, etc
as many...as / as
much...as as many...as as much...as
so many / so much so many so much
too many / too
much too many too much
a lot of a lot of a lot of
lots of lots of lots of
a great deal of a great deal of
a large number of a large number of
a large amount of a large amount of
some, any some, any some, any
plenty of plenty of plenty of

Contractions
Contracted Form Full Form
'm am
's is
's has
're are
've have
'll will
'd had
'd would
isn't is not
aren't are not
wasn't was not
weren't were not
didn't did not
don't do not
doesn't does not
haven't have not
hasn't has not
hadn't had not
won't will not
wouldn't would not
 shouldn't should not
can't cannot
couldn't could not
mightn't might not
mustn't must not
oughtn't to ought not to
let's let us

English Verb Tenses

Verb Tenses Affirmative Negative Interrogative
She doesn't have a Does she have a
Present Simple She has a baby baby baby?
Present Continuous He's studying now He isn't studying now Is he studying now?
They didn't see a
Past Simple They saw a movie movie Did they see a movie?
Past Continuous It was raining It wasn't raining Was it raining?
Present Perfect She has been there She hasn't been there Has she been there?
Present Perfect You haven't been Have you been
Continuous You've been working hard working hard working hard?
Past Perfect They had left They hadn't left Had they left?
Past Perfect She hadn't been
Continuous She had been waiting waiting Had she been waiting?
Future Simple It will rain It won't rain Will it rain?
Future Continuous She will be traveling She won't be traveling Will she be traveling?
Future Perfect He will have arrived He won't have arrived Will he have arrived?
Future Perfect You won't have been Will you have been
Continuous You will have been working working working?
Conditional I would go there I wouldn't go there Would you go there?
Conditional He wouldn't be Would he be working
Continuous He would be working now working now now?
She would have been She wouldn't have Would she have been
Conditional Perfect there been there there?
He isn't going to get Is he going to get
Future be going to He's going to get married married married?

Wh-words
Wh-word Traduo Exemplo
What O que

What did you do last

Qual night?

What's the capital of

Quais Brazil?

What are your favorite

songs?
 Which Qual

Which car do you

prefer, a BMW or a
(com alternativas) Quais Mercedez?

Who bought that

magazine?

Who Quem

When were you born?

When Quando
Onde

Aonde Where do you live?

Where are you going?

Where
Por que...?

Why are you so

Por qu? excited?

Why

Whose book is that?

or

Whose is that book?

Whose De quem
How Como

How are you?

How do you usually go

to school?
 How do you
pronounce that?

How often does she

travel abroad?

How often Com que freqncia

How long have you

been studying
English?

Quanto tempo

How long is the Nile?

How long Qual o comprimento

How far is it from New

York to Washington,
DC?

How far Qual a distncia

How wide is the Nile?

How wide Qual a largura

How deep is the

Atlantic Ocean?

How deep Qual a profundidade

How tall

(pessoas, rvores e
prdios) Qual a altura How tall is John?
How high Qual a altura
 How high is Mount
Everest?

What kind of music do

you like?

What kind of Que tipo de

What shape is the

moon?

What shape Qual o formato

How large is Brazil?

How large Qual a rea

How heavy is that

bag?

How heavy Qual o peso

What time do you

wake up?

What time A que horas

What....like

(descries) What is Seattle like?

What is your girlfriend

like?

Como
How much Quanto (a)

How much is a hot

dog?

How much money do

you have on you?
 How many rooms are
there in your house?

How many Quantos (as)

How soon can you get

the report ready?

How soon At quando

How Compounds
Compound Traduo Exemplo Resposta

She's two months old.

How old Quantos anos How old is Jane?

How tall

(pessoas, rvores e
edifcios) How tall are you? I'm 1.78 cm tall

How tall is the giant

redwood tree? It's 368 feet tall

Qual a altura
How high

How high are the

(para todas as Angel Falls in They're 3,281 feet
outras coisas) Venezuela? high

How high is the city of

La Paz?

It's 12,000 feet high

Qual a altura in the Andes
How deep Qual a profundidade It's 36,198 feet deep

How deep is the

Marianas Trench in the
Pacific Ocean?
 How wide is that
table?

How wide Qual a largura It's 2 cm wide

How long is the

Amazon River?

How long Qual o comprimento It's 6,280 km long

Brazil is 8,511,965 sq.

km

How large Qual a rea How large is Brazil?

How often do you

watch movies?
I watch them twice a
How often Com que freqncia week.

How long have you

been working here?
I've been working
How long Quanto tempo here for ten years

How many magazines

do you have?
How many + I have a lot of
countable noun Quantos (as) magazines
How much +
uncountable noun
I have a little money
How much money do
Quanto (a) you have on you?
Quanto (preo)

How much is a hot

dog? It's R$ 1.50

or or
 How much does a hot
dog cost? It costs R$ 1.50

How fast can you

drive on a highway?
You can drive at 140
How fast A que velocidade km an hour

How far is So Paulo

from Braslia?
It's about 1,000 km
How far A que distncia away

I can swim very well

How well can you
How well O quanto (intensidade) swim?

How many times have

you read 'Hamlet'?
I've read it three
How many times Quantas vezes times

Adverb Clauses
Purpose Clauses
Main Connectors Shared Meaning Examples
I work in order to pay
in order to my bills,
I work so that my son
so that can go to college.
para, para que, a fim de She works so as to
so as to (formal) que pay her bills.

Reason Clauses
Main Connectors Shared Meaning Examples
I called her because I
because need her help.
as (no incio do As I don't like her, I
perodo) didn't invite her.
since (no incio do porque, como, j que, Since I don't like her,
perodo) visto que I didn't invite her.
 Contrast Clauses
Main Connectors Shared Meaning Examples
Although I don't have
a car, I I often go out
although late in the evening.
Even though I don't
have a car, I often go
out late in the
even though evening.
Despite the rain, I'll
despite be there.
In spite of the rain, I'll
in spite of embora, apesar de be there.

Proportional Clauses
Main Connectors Shared Meaning Examples
Quanto The older you get, the
The + mais/menos....mais/menos wiser you become.
comparativo...the + The more you know,
comparativo the less you feel.
As you get older, you
As medida que... become wiser.

Conditional Clauses
Main Connectors Shared Meaning Examples
If you help me, I'll
give you twenty
if bucks.
She always carries an
umbrella in case it
in case rains.
I'll be there as long as
as long as you say you love me.
I'll be there provided
that you say you love
provided that se, caso, desde que me.

Comparative Clauses
Main Connectors Shared Meaning Examples
She's more beautful
than que, do que than her friends (are).
as many... as They have as much
money as Dr.
as much...as tanto(s)...quanto(s) Winston.
She's as beautiful as
as...as to....quanto her sister.

Manner Clauses
Main Connectors Shared Meaning Examples
 You act as if you were
as if the best man around.
You act as though you
as though area big shot.
You act like you're a
like (informal) como se big shot.

Time Clauses
Main Connectors Shared Meaning Examples
She was having a
shower when I called
when quando her.
He was mowing the
lawn while she was
while enquanto pruning the trees.
He was mowing the
lawn as she was
as enquanto pruning the trees.
Before he got married,
before antes de he bought a house.
After he bought a
house, he got
after depois que married.
As soon as I woke up,
I tried to find my
as soon as assim que wallet, but...
The moment I wake
the moment no momento em que up, I say a prayer.

Result Clauses
Main Connectors Shared Meaning Examples
He's so nice that
so...that to...que everybody likes him.
He's such a nice guy
that everybody likes
such...as to...que him.

Preposies de tempo
In On At
Perodos do dia: Dias da semana: Horas:

in the morning on Monday at six in the morning

in the afternoon on Saturday at three o'clock

in the evening on the weekend at noon

Datas festivas, com as
Meses do ano: palavras day e eve: Datas festivas:

in January on Easter Sunday at Easter

 in March on Christmas Eve at Chrismas

in October on Ash Wednesday at Carnival

Datas, com indicao do
Estaes do ano dia: Nas frases abaixo:

in the summer on September 11 at the end of...

in the winter on September 11, 2001 at the beginning of...

in the fall
Anos, dcadas e Dias da semana + perodo
sculos: do dia: Nos advrbios abaixo:

in 1998 on Monday morning at the moment

in the 1980s on Saturday evening at present

in the sixties on Sunday afternoon at once

in the 21st century at last

at night

at dawn

at sunset

at sunrise
Com qualquer frase
Datas, sem referente a tempo que
indicao do dia: tenha a palavra day:

in September on election day

in September, 2001 on my birthday

on their wedding day

Localizao sobre uma
Nas frases abaixo: superfcie:

In the beginning, ... on the street

In the end, ... on the sidewalk

on the crosswalk

on the third floor

 Estimativas de Localizao referente a
tempo: uma rea especfica:

in a week on the bottom of

in an hour on the top of

in a month on the edge of

on the side of

on the outside of

on the left of

Preposies de lugar
In On At
Bairros, cidades,
estados, provncias,
territrios, pases,
continentes, regies Antes de nomes de ilhas,
e divises com a palavra island (que
geogrficas: faz parte do nome): Significa

no, na, nos, nas =

lugares abertos nas
in Manhattan on Coney Island cidades

in New York City on Staten Island

in Ontario at the bus stop

Use in antes de nomes de

ilhas no singular ou no
plural (com ou sem a
palavra island), e tambm
in the Northwest com ilhas que constituam
Territories uma unidade poltica: at the intersection

in Brazil in the Bahamas at the traffic lights

in Europe in Trinidad and Tobago

, ao = perto de, ao
in the Middle East in Cuba lado de

at the table

at the door
 at the window
Mares, rios,
oceanos, lagos: Significa Significa

no, na, nos, nas =

lugares fechados
(construes)
considerados como
no, na, nos, nas = em ponto de referncia ou
in the Pacific Ocean cima de de encontro

in the River Thames on the table at the office

in the Great Lakes on the escalator at the airport

in the Dead Sea on the porch at the museum

on the balcony at the store

Com os locais
Partes da casa: Com os seguintes lugares: institucionais abaixo:

in the bedroom on the beach at school

in the living room on the farm at church

in the garage on the island at college

on campus at work

Parques e praas: Meios de transporte Nos advrbios abaixo:

( possvel se locomover
in Central Park dentro do transporte): at the moment

in Leicester Square on the bus at present

on the train at once

on the subway at night

Para localizao em
eventos sociais,
profissionais e
Significa Meios de transporte recreativos:

no, na, nos, nas =

dentro de (voc vai em cima): at the party

in his pocket on my bicycle at the conference

 in the elevator on the horse at the concert

in the drawer on the ferry at the fashion show

at the congress

at a meeting
no, na, nos, nas =
lugares fechados
(construes), para
enfatizar que Endereos, indicando
algo/algum est Meios de comunicao o nmero da casa ou
dentro do local eletrnicos: edifcio:

at 212 Madison
in the office on the radio Avenue

in the airport on the Internet

in the museum on the web

on the walkman

on the telephone

on the pager

on TV

on my MP3 player

on the computer

on the DVD player

Para se referir a
superfcies, tais como Com endereos de
pginas, listas, mapas, websites e endereos
Meio de transporte monitores e telas: eletrnicos:

(no possvel se
locomover dentro at
do transporte): on the map helcio99@hotmail.com

at
in the car on the list www.teacherhelcio.tk

in the taxi on the menu

in the helicopter on page 26

on the monitor
 on the display

on the screen
Meios de Endereos (sem indicar o
comunicao nmero da casa ou
impressos: edifcio):

in the newspaper on Madison Avenue

in the magazine

in the book

Preposies de movimento
Preposio Sentido Exemplo
atravs de (de um lado ao He swam across the
across outro) river.
He drove through the
through pelo (por dentro de) tunnel.
He walked along the
along ao longo de beach.
past na frente de Go past the hotel.
Put the book on the
on em cima de table
The book fell off the
off de cima de desk.
The kid went into the
in ou into para dentro de house
The thief ran out of
out of para fora de the bank
up to at I'll walk up to the club
The kid jumped over
the wall.

The helicopter is flying

over por cima de, acima de over the city.
The dog crawled
under embaixo de, por baixo de under the bed.
from de (lugar de origem) He comes from Brazil.
to para (local de destino) I'm going to London
The car came towards
towards em direo a me...

Uso do Artigo Definido The

Situao Uso do Artigo Exemplos Excees
Nomes de pases, sem artigo
estados, provncias,
 1. Nomes de pases no
plural: the United
States, the Bahamas,
the Philippines, the
Netherlands, the
Occupied Territories,
I come from Canada the United Kingdom

He comes from the

I live in Brazil USA.

He often travels to Van Gogh was born in

Cuba. the Netherlands.

2. Nomes de pases
que possuam as
palavras republic,
cidades, union: the Czech
continentes, Republic, the
organizaes China is in Asia Dominican Republic
internacionais
3. Excepcionalmente,
com nomes de
John works in New algumas cidades: the
York City. Hague

Austin is located in
Texas.

Toronto is the capital

of Ontario.

Ireland is a member
of the European Union
Nomes prprios de the Far East, the
divises France is in Europe Middle East
geopolticas dos
continentes e
regies do mundo:
Asia, America,
South America,
Europe, North Egypt is located in Israel is located in the
America, etc. sem artigo Africa Middle East.
So Paulo is in the
southeast of Brazil
Localizao dada
com pontos New York City is in the
cardeais com artigo northeast of the US
 oceanos: the Atlantic,
the Arctic, the Pacific,
the Antarctic, the
Indic

mares: the
Mediterranean Sea,
the Caribbean Sea,
the Dead Sea etc.

rios: the Thames, the

Nomes de oceanos, the Amazon, the Seine
mares e rios com artigo etc.
nomes de lagos no
plural: the Great
Lakes
Lake Erie, Lake
Nomes de lagos e Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan is one
lagoas sem artigo etc. of the Great Lakes.
Nomes de cadeias the Alps, the Andes,
montanhosas no the Rocky Mountains,
plural com artigo the Himalayas, etc.
Nomes de cadeias
montanhosas no Sierra Madre, Serra da
singular sem artigo Cantareira
Excepcionalmente,
Nomes individuais com nomes de
de montanhas e Mount Everest, Mount algumas montanhas:
montes sem artigo Mckinley, etc the Matterhorn etc

The Metropolitan
Museum of Modern
Art, The Sheraton
Hotel, The Artis Zoo,
The Royal Theater,
The Empire State
Nomes prprios de Building, The Sears
hotis, cinemas, Tower, The Eiffel
teatros, Tower The Radio City
zoolgicos,museus, Music Hall , The
galerias de arte, Maracan Stadium,
edifcios, e locais de etc.
eventos e
espetculos com artigo
Nomes de esttuas, com artigo
quadros e demais
obras de arte The Monalisa by
Leonardo DaVinci
 The Sunflowers by
Van Gogh

The Statue of Liberty

sem artigo, se o h o Oxford University,
nome de uma cidade ou Harvard University, sempre checar o uso
nome prprio Princeton, etc do artigo perante a
Nomes de prpria instituio,
faculdades e the University of So pois h inmeras
universidades outros casos, com artigo Paulo excees
Nomes de ruas,
avenidas, alamedas Madison Avenue,
e demais Avenida Paulista, Fifth
logradouros sem artigo Avenue, Oxford Street
Hyde Park, Central
Park, Ibirapuera Park,
Piccadilly Circus,
Trafalgar Square,
Paddington Station,
Nomes de parques Waterloo Station, JFK
e praas, estaes Airport, Heathrow
de trem, metr e Airport, Schiphol
nibus, e Airport, O'Hare Airport
aeroportos sem artigo etc
the New York Times,
the Washington Post,
Nomes de jornais com artigo the Sun, etc
Nomes de revistas Time magazine,
e demais Newsweek magazine,
publicaes sem artigo etc
on Warner, on Globo,
Nomes de estaes on CNN, on BBC radio
de rdio e televiso sem artigo etc
Nomes de American Airlines,
companhias areas sem artigo British Airways, etc
Nomes prprios de
pessoas sem artigo Paul, Mary Jones, etc
The Joneses, the
Kennedys, the Royal
Nomes de famlias com artigo Family etc
I was born in
December
Nomes dos meses
do ano e dos dias I'm traveling on
da semana sem artigo Tuesday
in (the) spring

in (the) winter

Nomes das in (the) summer

estaes do ano com ou sem artigo
 in (the) fall, in the
(autumn)
Substantivo + Apollo 13, page 8,
nmero sem artigo book 2 , flight 747 etc
Nmero (ordinal) + the first floor, the
substantivo com artigo second day etc
The French
Revolution, the
Nomes de fatos Renaissance, The
histricos com artigo American Civil War etc
Pronomes my book, her book
possessivos e
adjetivos I found my book, but
possessivos sem artigo I can't find hers
soccer, hockey,
Nomes de esportes sem artigo athletics, etc
Nomes de I play cello
instrumentos
musicais com ou sem artigo Jess is on guitar
oxygen, hidrogen,
carbon uranium etc

Water is made up of
Nomes de atoms of hidrogen and
elementos qumicos sem artigo oxygen
Quando voc se refere a I think computers are
algo fazendo uma useful nowadays
generalizao, voc tem
duas opes: se usar o I think the computer
substantivo no plural, sem is useful nowadays
artigo (mais comum); se
usar o substantivo no
singular, com artigo (mais Athletes are usually
Generalizaes raro). very healthy
I love the Japanese
Generalizaes architecture

adjetivo + substantivo She likes listening to

(adjetivo + abstrato ou incontvel: the 18th-century
substantivo) com artigo music

adjetivo + substantivo (The) Tropical birds

concreto: com ou sem are in danger of
artigo extinction

Generalizaes the + nacionalidade (que, (the) Americans, the
sobre os povos via de regra, fica no (the) Brazilians, (the)
plural): com ou sem artigo Germans etc
 the + nacionalidades
terminadas em sh,
ese, ss ou ch (que
ficam sempre no
singular!): com artigo

(The) Brazilians are

warm and witty the Japanese

the Swiss

the Dutch

the Scottish

The Japanese attacked

Pearl Harbor in 1945

I like staying home on

Com as palavras the weekends
home, college,
church, work, bed, She goes to college
prison sem artigo ffive days a week.
on the radio, on the
web, on the internet,
on the computer, on
Meios de the phone, on the sem artigo: on TV, on
comunicao com artigo mobile (phone) cable (TV)
the best, the most
important city, the
Superlativos com artigo richest etc

Modal Verbs
Modal Verb
Forma Afirmativa Forma Negativa Usos Exemplos
Obrigao ou
necessidade impostas You must do the
don't have to pelo falante dishes.
Conselho de suma
importncia
Foreigners must
observe religious
A forma negativa traditions when they
expressa ausncia de are in Arabian
don't need to necessidade. countries.
must
 You don`t have to go
to the party if you
don't want to.

You can't drive over

mustn't the speed limit.

You aren't allowed to

take pictures at a
can't museum.

to be allowed to Proibio
Obrigao ou You have to pay the
don't have to necessidade impostas bills every month.
por terceiros, tais
como pelo governo, You don't have to
have to don't need to sociedade, pela lei work on Labor Day.
You should get a visa
Conselho, sugesto, before flying to the
should shouldn't opinies pessoais Czech Republic.

You oughtn't to spend

hours in front of the
ought to oughtn't to tv!
Kids are supposed to
help their parents
these get old.
Conselho e sugesto
baseados em tradio, Children aren't
moralidade e supposed to disobey
to be supposed to expectativas sociais their parents.
Possibilidades
may may not presentes e futuras It may rain tomorrow.

( possvel que algo She might be at the

might mightn't acontea) party.

He may be a criminal.
He must be a doctor (I
am sure he is)

She can't be a bank

robber (I am sure she
must can't Dedues isn't)
can't She can't speak
can Habilidade presente Chinese

to be able to He's able to type

pretty well
 Habilidade futura -
will be able to
I'll be able to speak
English fluently in a
few years.

They're not able to

type fast
You can travel abroad
if you want to, but in
China you're not
can allowed to.

You aren't allowed to

to be allowed to Permisso take pictures.
When I was a kid, I
could play the piano
Habilidade passada very well.
Permisso no tempo
passado
Sometimes I couldn't
travel with my friends
when I was a
could couldn't teenager.
Last Year I was able
was able to wasn't able to to buy a duplex.

I didn't manage to
pass the physics test
were able to weren't able to this morning.

managed to (para
dar nfase ao seu
sucesso ou
frustrao com o
resultado) couldn't Habilidade que voc
teve em uma situao
didn't manage to especifica
can Permisso presente You can have as many
Permisso futura - will children as you want
be allowed to to, but you're not
to be allowed to allowed to in China

Tempos Verbais
Present Simple Aes presentes
He lives in London permanentes
He studies English twice a Aes presentes
week. habituais
 The earth revolves around
the sun.

Brazil is located in South Fatos cientficos,

America. verdades universais
Horrio de meios de
The train leaves at 7 PM. transporte
Beckham passes the ball
to Ronaldo, who dribbles
the opponent, and he Narrao de eventos
scores! esportivos
Usado no lugar do
I'll tell him the truth when futuro do subjuntivo
he calls me. em portugus
Aes presentes
You are reading that page acontecendo num
now. momento especfico
Aes futuras
She is traveling tonight. planejadas
Aes presentes
They are living in London. temporrias
Aes presentes em
Present People are getting more mudana gradativa
Continuous and more tired of politics. e/ou constante
Aes passadas
I was a good kid. (passado lgico)
He went to the movies last Aes passadas em
night. tempo determinado
I used to go swimming on Aes passadas
weekends. habituais
The other day, I met a
nice guy downtown and
Past Simple he... Narrativas
Aes passadas
acontecendo em
I was sleeping at 6 in the momento
morning. determinado.
Ao que estava
acontecendo quando
I was sleeping when she outra ao passada
got home. aconteceu.
I was sleeping while he Aes passadas que
was working on the estavam acontecendo
computer. ao mesmo tempo.
Ao que estava
comeando a
acontecer quando foi
Just as I was getting out of interrompida por outra
Past Continuous the car, he held my arm... (no past simple)
 When I got home, she had
Past Perfect made dinner.
He had been standing for
Past Perfect twenty minutes when the
Continuous doctor called him in.
Have you ever been to
Greece?
Ao passada anterior
a outra ao passada.
Aes que estavam
acontecendo por um
certo tempo antes e
no momento que
outra ao aconteceu.

She has been to Greece.

Perguntas, afirmaes
I have never been to ou negaes sobre
Istambul. suas experincias de
vida (comumente com
ever, never)
Aes que acabaram
de acontecer (com
He has just arrived. just)
She has already eaten
three slices of pizza.

Afirmaes, perguntas
He hasn't finished his
e negaes sobre
homework yet.
aes que voc
surpreendentemente
Have you eaten your apple j fez (already, e yet
yet? em perguntas) ou que
ainda (yet em frases
negativas) no fez.
Aes passadas com
resultados visveis no
I have broken my leg. presente.
Fatos que se iniciaram
no passado e que
continuam no
They have been together presente (com for e
Present Perfect for 3 years. since)
She is going to buy a new Aes futuras
house. planejadas, certas
Aes prestes a
acontecer (porque
voc pode
Look! He's going to fall off logicamente
Future be going to the bike! pressupor)
Future Simple Previses sobre fatos
I think it will rain no controlveis pelo
tomorrow. homem.
promesas (will =
I will always love you. promise)
I will kill him! ameaas
 (at a fast food place) Aes prestes a
acontecer cuja deciso
I will have a hamburger tomada no momento
and a coke. da ao
Oraes que
expressam a
conseqncia de uma
condio de uma ao
presente ou futura
If you come, I will help considerada possvel
you. de acontecer

Aes que estaro

acontecendo num
I'll be sleeping at this time momento futuro
tomorrow. determinado
Perguntas educadas
sobre os planos
Future Continuous Will you be coming here? futuros das pessoas
Ao futura que j
He will have finished the ter sido concluda no
Future Perfect report by ten. momento citado
If I had a lot of money, I
would buy me a new
Conditional house. Ao que voc faria
Conditional He would be playing soccer Ao que estaria
Continuous now if... acontecendo
He would have gotten Ao que teria
Conditional Perfect married if... acontecido

Short Answers
Resposta Negativa
Pergunta Iniciada Resposta afirmativa com o mesmo
por Auxiliar com o mesmo auxiliar auxiliar
Are you Brazilian? Yes, I am. No, I'm not.
Is Dave American? Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
Were you born in
1970? Yes, I was. No, I wasn't.
Were the kids
playing when he got
home? Yes, they were. No, they weren't
Do you like
listening to music? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
Does she often
watch tv? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
Did you go to the
prom last
Saturday? Yes, I did. No, I didn't.
Have you ever been Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
 to New York City?
Has she had lunch
yet? Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.
Have they been
working there for
long? Yes, they have. No, they haven't.
Had the plane left
when you got to the
airport? Yes, it had. No, it hadn't.
Will it be cold
tomorrow? Yes, it will. No, it won't.
Can you speak
English? Yes, I can. No, I can't.
Could you swim
when you were a
kid? Yes, I could. No, I couldn't.
Should they stop
drinking? Yes, they should. No, they shouldn't.
Would you marry
her? Yes, I would. No, I wouldn't.

Passive Voice
Tempo e aspecto
Verbais Exemplos Traduo
O caf cultivado no
Present Simple Coffee is grown is Brazil Brasil.
Carros esto sendo
Present Continuous Cars are being made now fabricados agora.
Schindler's List was A Lista de Schindler
directed by Steven foi dirigido por Steven
Past Simple Spielberg Spielberg
Enquanto ela estava
While she was sunbathing, tomando sol, o marido
her husband was being dela estava sendo
Past Continuous attacked by sharks. atacado por tubares.
Muitas pessoas tm
A lot of people have been sido mortas por
killed by terrorists in the terroristas nos ltimos
Present Perfect last couple of years. anos.
Ele tinha sido eleito
He had been elected presidente quando
Past Perfect president when he died. morreu.
He will be elected Ele ser eleito
Future Simple president presidente
Conditional She would be killed if... Ela seria morta se...
She would have been Ela teria sido morta
Conditional Perfect killed if... se...