COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUTRAJAYA CAMPUS
FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER 2 2015 / 2016

PROGRAMME : Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering (Honours)

SUBJECT CODE : MEHB 332

SUBJECT : Mechanics of Fluids II

DATE : February 2016

TIME : 2 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. This paper contains FOUR (4) questions in EIGHT (8) pages.

2. Answer ALL questions.

3. Write all answers in the answer booklet provided. Attach chart on page 6 to
your answer script.

4. Write answer to each question on a new page.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 8 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING

THIS COVER PAGE.

Page 1 of 11
 MEHB332, Semester II 2015/2016
Question 1 [25 marks]

A 1:6 scale model of an F1 car developed by a team of engineers from Tatil Engineering Company is
tested in a wind tunnel to analyze its aerodynamic drag performance. The modeling process is carried
out based on the actual F1 car with a top speed of 373 km/hr with air density of 1.2 kg/m 3 and viscosity
of 1.8 x 10-5 Ns/m2. Based on their studies, the aerodynamic drag can be represented as:

F = (L, V, , )

Where, F is the aerodynamic drag force, L is the length of the car, V is the velocity, is density, and
is viscosity.

(a) Determine the dimensionless groups. [11 marks]

(b) Calculate the velocity of air in the wind tunnel if the density and viscosity is assumed to be 4.7
kg/m3 and 1.7 x 10-5 Ns/m2 respectively. [7 marks]

(c) The drag force resulted from the modeling is found to be 1300 N. Calculate the corresponding
drag force for the full sized car. [7 marks]

Page 2 of 11
 MEHB332, Semester II 2015/2016

Question 2 [25 marks]

A model helium (k = 1.66, R = 2.077 kJ/kg.K) rocket cart is to be propelled by a converging nozzle.
The nozzle is supplied by a reservoir with helium at 130 kPa (abs) and 28 oC, as shown in Figure 1.
Nozzle exit area is 12 cm2. Helium flow is assumed to be steady and isentropic in the converging
nozzle. Express answer with at least 3 significant figures.

1
L a r g e ta n k

H eliu m P a tm = 1 0 0 k P a (a b s)
P re ssu re = 1 3 0 k P a (a b s)
T em p = 2 8 oC fl o w d i r e c ti o n

N o zzle E x it

Figure 1
Determine:

(a) The Mach Number at the exit. [9 marks]

(b) The velocity at the exit. [4 marks]

(c) The mass flow rate. [4 marks]

(d) The area at Section 1, where the mach number is 80% of exit mach number.
[5 marks]
Page 3 of 11
 MEHB332, Semester II 2015/2016

(e) The thrust force generated by the nozzle. [3 marks]

Question 3 [20 marks]

It is reported that the fuel consumption of a sedan car is lower than the hatchback version (Figure 2).
Both cars have the same frontal area, A = 2.61 m 2 and drag coefficients for the sedan and hatchback are
0.26 and 0.28, respectively. Both cars are travelling at an average speed of 110 km/hr against a
headwind of 8 km/hr in standard atmospheric conditions with air density = 1.23 kg/m 3. Calculate the
cost reduction per year using the assumptions listed below.

[20 marks]
Car mileage : 24,000 km/year
Car engine efficiency : 85 %
Petrol density : 750 kg/m3
Petrol price : RM 2.05/liter
Petrol heating value : 45.7 MJ/kg
Assumptions:

(a) Sedan, CD = 0.26

(b) Hatchback, CD = 0.28

Figure 2

Page 4 of 11
 MEHB332, Semester II 2015/2016
Question 4 [30 marks]

Page 5 of 11
 MEHB332, Semester II 2015/2016

Water ( = 9.810 kN/m3, vapor pressure = 1.6909 kPa (abs)) flows in the series
pipeline system as shown in Figure 3. Assume Patm = 101.3 kPa(abs).

C lo s e d ta n k , P = 3 0 k P a (g a g e )

K K 6 K 7
5

N o te : D i m e n s i o n s a r e N O T to s c a l e .

F lo w
30 m

K 2 K 3
Pum p
K 1
K 4

L e n g th , m D ia m e te r , c m fr ic t io n fa c to r , f K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K 7

S u c tio n P ip e 30 20 0 .0 1 6 4 0 .5 0 0 .1 5
D is c h a r g e P ip e 80 15 0 .0 1 5 0 2 .1 0 0 .3 0 0 .3 0 1 0 .0 0 1 .0 0

Figure 3

(a) Obtain the system curve equation in the form: hp = A + KQ2, where Q is the
flow rate in L/s. Include major and minor losses. [12 marks]

(b) Plot the system curve (from Part (a)) onto the performance chart given. Please
attach the chart with your answer script. [2 marks]

(c) From the system curve, determine the pump impeller size that gives an
optimum flow rate within efficiency 70% ~ 75%. What is the optimum flow
rate? [4 marks]

(d) From this operating point, estimate the value of NPSHR and calculate the
maximum value of Y in order to prevent cavitation. [12 marks]

Page 6 of 11
 MEHB332, Semester II 2015/2016
Question 4. Attach this chart with your answer script.

Page 7 of 11
 MEHB332, Semester II 2015/2016

Page 8 of 11
 MEHB332, Semester II 2015/2016
Table of Equation 1:
Compressible Flow

Z
V

[ ]
Ma= k1 2
1+ Ma
kRT A
=
1 2
, where Z=
(
A Ma k 1 2
1+
2
P= RT , Po =o RT o

To
T [
= 1+
k1
2
Ma 2 ]
k
Po
P
= 1+[k 1 2
2
Ma ] (k 1)
To
T
= [ ]
k +1
2

1 k
o Po

= 1+[k 1 2
2
Ma ] ( k1)
P
=
k+1
2 [ ] ( k1)

1 1
k 2 k1 2 x o
(k+1) k+1
[ ]

m=AMaPo
( )(RT o
1+
2 )
Ma , where x=
2(k1)
=
2
( k1 )

k1

k
1
2 y
( k+1) 1+ Ma 2
( )( )

m=A P o 2 , where y= T 2
=
RT o k+1 2(k1) T k +1
2

Page 9 of 11
 MEHB332, Semester II 2015/2016
1

[ ]
k1 2 ( k 1)
1+ Ma
2
=
k +1
2

Page 10 of 11
Table of Equation 2:

VD
Re=

1
D=C D U 2 A
2
1
L=C L U 2 A
2

p s V 2s p v
NPSH= +
2g

P1 V 21 P2 V 22
+ + z 1 + hP = + + z 2 +hT + h L + hL Minor
2g 2g Major

L V2 V2
hL =f h L =K
Major D 2g , Minor 2g

Pump Power Output,

PO=hQ

-END OF QUESTION PAPER-