Maha George Zia

Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
 BJT ACModels
The r-parameters and h-parameters
Common Emitter (CE) Amplifier
 1- r-Parameters

The r-parameters for a BJT is

listed in the table

Relation of transistor symbol

tor-parameter model
 To calculate the approximate value of re which is also
temperature dependent and is based on an ambient
temperature of 20C

The difference between ac and DC is illustrated below

2- The h- parameters

Relationship of h- parameters and r- parameters

 CE amplifiers exhibit high voltage gain and high current gain
The ac equivalent is obtained by:
1. Setting all dc sources to zero and replacing them by a short-circuit equivalent
2. Replacing all capacitors by a short-circuit equivalent
At the beginning of analysis we will not take the effect of RL

Fig1 . CE Amplifier

C1,C3 are called

coupling capacitors

C2 is called bypass
capacitor
 Theveninizing the bias circuit and applying Kirchhoffs voltage law to
the base-emitter circuit,

DC equivalent circuit of
Fig.1
 AC equivalent circuit for the amplifier in Fig.1 AC equivalent of the base circuit

If Rs << Rin(tot) then Vb=Vin , where Vb is the input voltage, Vin is the
input to the amplifier :
 The input resistance looking in at the base is:

The base voltage is:

Since Ic Ie

Then substituting for vb and Ib:

Cancelling Ie :
Q1. Determine the signal voltage at the base of the transistor in Fig.1,
with a 10 mV rms, 300 signal source. IE was previously found to be
3.80 mA.
The equivalent circuit is shown below
 The output resistance is:
The voltage gain of CE amplifier is show in Fig. below

but

Then

The overall voltage gain of the amplifier is:

 The current gain of CE Amp. is:

The emitter bypass capacitor, which is C2 in Fig.1, provides an

effective short to the ac signal around the emitter resistor, thus keeping
the emitter at ac ground, where;

The voltage gain without a bypass capacitor is:

 Effect of a Load on the Voltage Gain is:

Replace RC by Rc :

Q2. For the circuit show below, select a minimum value for the emitter
bypass capacitor, C2, if the amplifier must operate over a frequency range
from 200 Hz to 10 kHz.
Calculate the base-to-collector voltage gain of the amplifier both without and
with an emitter bypass capacitor if there is no load resistor.
The value of re = 6.58 , for the
amplifier of fig1. . Without C2, the
voltage gain is:

With C2, becomes:

 H.W For the amplifier shown below:
(a) Determine the dc collector voltage.
(b) Determine the ac collector voltage.
(c) Draw the total collector voltage waveform and the total
output voltage waveform