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q under Basic
Conditions
Basic
B i conditions
diti means that
th t you have
h more OH- andd very
little H+ in your solution. In fact, you have so little H+ that
it cant appear in the equation because it doesnt exist!
Reactions:
NO2-(aq) = NH3(g) Al(s) = AlO2-(aq)
Balancing:
NO2-(aq) = NH3(g) + 2H2O
7H+ + NO2-(aq) = NH3(g) + 2H2O
6e- + 7H+ + NO2-((aq)
q) = NH3(g) + 2H2O
Multiplying
l l the
h secondd equation by
b 2 so we have
h 6 electrons:
l
4H2O + 2 Al(s) = 2 AlO2-(aq) + 8H+ + 6e-
NO2-(aq)
( ) + Al(s) ( ) + AlO2-(aq)
Al( ) = NH3(g) ( )
The trick is that on the side with the H+, the H+ and the OH- can
be combined to make H2O,, so the H+ disappears
pp from the
equation! (Next page)
NO2-(aq)
( ) + Al(s) ( ) + AlO2-(aq)
Al( ) = NH3(g) ( )
NO2-((aq) ( ) = NH3(g) + 2 AlO2-((aq)
q) +2 H2O +2 Al(s) q) + 1 H+
+ OH- + OH-
Rewriting:
g
NO2-(aq) +2 H2O +2Al(s) + OH- =
NH3(g) +2AlO2-(aq) +1 H++ OH-
Balancing:
4 H2O + Al(s) = Al(OH)4-(aq)
4 H2O + Al(s) = Al(OH)4-(aq) + 4H+
4 H2O + Al( ( ) + 4H+ + 3e
Al(s)) = Al(OH)4-(aq) 3 -
MnO
M O4-(aq)
( ) = MnO
M O2(s)
( ) + 2 H2 O
4H+ +MnO4-(aq) = MnO2(s) + 2 H2O
3e- + 4H+ +MnO4-(aq) = MnO2(s) + 2 H2O
Al(s) M O4-(aq)
Al( ) + MnO ( ) = MnO ( ) + Al(OH)4-(aq)
M O2(s) ( )
Both equations
q have the same # off electrons,
so we dont have to multiply anything!
If you didnt get these answers, look over my notes on the next
few pages, otherwise you can exit from this tutorial now.
CN-(aq)
( ) + MnO ( ) = CNO-(aq)
M O4-(aq) ( ) + MnO
M O2(s)
()
Reactions:
CN-(aq) = CNO-(aq)
MnO4-(aq) = MnO2(s)
Balancing:
H2O + CN-((aq)
q) = CNO-((aq)
q)
H2O + CN-(aq) = CNO-(aq) + 2H+
H2O + CN-(aq) = CNO-(aq) + 2H+ +2e-
So we have:
3 H2O + 3 CN-(aq) = 3 CNO-(aq) + 6H+ + 6 e-
6e- + 8 H+ + 2 MnO4-(aq) = 2 MnO2(s) + 4 H2O
CN-(aq)
( ) + MnO ( ) = CNO-(aq)
M O4-(aq) ( ) + MnO
M O2(s)
()
Adding together:
3 H2O + 3 CN-(aq) = 3 CNO-(aq) + 6H+ + 6 e-
+ 6e- + 8 H+ + 2 MnO4-(aq) = 2 MnO2(s) + 4 H2O
We get:
3 H2O + 3 CN-(aq) + 6e- + 8 H+ + 2 MnO4-(aq) =
3 CNO-(aq) + 6H+ + 6 e- +2 MnO2(s) + 4 H2O
Last equation:
3 CN-(aq) + 2 MnO4-(aq) + 2H2O =
3 CNO-(aq) +2 MnO2(s) + 1 H2O + 2OH-
Putting
P i ini the
h physical
h i l forms
f to get our final
fi l equation:
i
3 CN-(aq) + 2 MnO4-(aq) + 1 H2O(l) =
3 CNO-((aq)
q) + 2 MnO2((s)) + 2 OH- ((aq)
q)
( ) = Cl-(aq)
Cl2(g) ( ) + OCl-(aq)
( )
Reactions:
Cl2(g) = Cl-((aq)
q)
Cl2(g) = OCl-(aq)
Cl2(g) = 2 OCl-(aq)
2 H2O + Cl2(g) = 2 OCl-(aq)
2 H2O + Cl2(g) = 2 OCl-(aq) + 4 H+
2 H2O + Cl2(g) = 2 OCl-(aq) + 4 H+ + 2 e-
Removing
R i common terms andd combing
bi Cl2:
2 Cl2(g) + 2 H2O = 2 Cl-(aq) + 2 OCl-(aq) + 4H+
Adding 4OH-
Addi 4OH to both
b h sides
id off the
h equation:
i
2Cl2(g) + 2H2O + 4OH- = 2 Cl-(aq) +2OCl-(aq) + 4H+ + 4OH-
Checkingg balance:
2 Cl2(g) + 4OH- = 2 Cl-(aq) + 2 OCl-(aq) + 2 H2O
Cl 2(2) = 2 2
O 4(1) = 2(1) 2(1)
H 4(1) = 2(2)
Charge 4(-1) = 2(-1) 2(-1)