Nanotechnology

Definition:-
it is hard to imagine how small nanotechnology is
, one nanometer is billionth of a meter or 10:9 of
a meter
Application:-
Application of nanotechnology in textile finishing
are high performance
-The functional water repellent , ptotectionuv ,
absorption , color fastness ,function hygiene and
antimicrobial .
-warp nano sheet makes fabric strong in durable
it improves color fastness crease retention and
static resistance .
-ZNO nano particles can improveuv shielding in
fabric , reduce static electricity of nanofabric
-Tio2,Mgo have photo catalytic activity
-break the toxic
-harmful chemicals
-Flame the antimony pent oxide nano particle
with halogenated increase flame retardant
Nanotechnology of antibacterial
the material used in nanotechnology of
antibacterial :-
1- nanosilver
2-nanoparticals of gold
3-tio2 dioxide
4-zno oxide

-Nanosliver when contacting with bacteria , it

wil effect on metabolism inhibit cell growth .
it inhibit's growth of bacteria which cause in
fiction odour , so nano silver applied to socks

Nano sliver :- 1 at low concentration inhibited

yeast and E-coli
2- at mild concentration inhibited
staphylococcus

Nano gold particles :- when gold particles attack

bacteria and fungi leakage of DNA of bacteria
and break the cell membrane of bacteria

Tio2 nano particles :- Have unique properties

such as :- long lasting , higher stability
Titanium dioxide irradiation by light with more energy
compared to its band gaps generates
electron hole pairs that induce redox reactions at the
surface of the titanium dioxide.
Consequently, electrons in TiO2 jump from the valence
band to the conduction band, and
the electron (e ) and electric hole (h+) pairs are formed
on the surface of the photocatalyst.
The created negative electrons and oxygen will combine
into O2 , the positive
electric holes and water will generate hydroxyl radicals.
Ultimately, various highly active
oxygen species can oxidize organic compounds of cell to
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water
(H2O). Thus, titanium dioxide can decompose common
organic matters in the air such as
odor molecules, bacteria and viruses.

Zinc oxide:- Determined to be bactericidal not

bacteriostatic
to give the bacterial mechanisms used reactive
oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxides
, in hanced membrane prermeability
- scanning electron microscopy examination
revealed that the majorty of cells transformed
from spiral shapes into acoccid forms after 16
h
- these acoccid cells were found by ethidium
monazide _guantitative PCR to have a certain
level of membrane leakage

Nanotechnology of UV protection
Nano materials
Tio2 and ZNO are used in care products to
improve protection against (UVA) and (UVB)
They are usually surface coated to minimize
photo-catalytic activity
Why sunscreens made with tio2 and zno?
they provided strong sun protection with few
health concerns
they dont break down in the sun
zinc oxide offers good protection from UVA
rays but titanium oxide less
Why use sunscreen :-
too much unprotected sun exposure lead to
1- premature skin aging
2- sun burns
3- skin cancer
Penetration of different wave length of light:-
very high energy radiation ( UVC) is currently
blocking by the ozone layer
High energy radiation (UVB) does the most
immediate damage
Lower energy radiation (UVA) can penetrate
deeper into the skin leading to long term
damage

The difference between titanium dioxide and zinc

oxide :-

Titanium dioxide Zinc oxide

Sunscreen Much safe and less safe and

more effective more effective
UV absorption Not as broad broad spectrum
spectrum in UVA in UVA and UVB
and UVB as is zinc
Absorb Is a worth absorb Is a great absorb
wavelength
Create free Creates more Creates less free
radicals free radicals radicals
Is just another Is a critical
toxic heavy metal mineral nutrient
in our bodies
Vitamins You wont find it You certainly will
find it