Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
CONTENTS
2 Finnish
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage
4 Grammar
6 Cultural Insight
# 11
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FINNISH
ENGLISH
2. Jussi: I don't know. Just a moment, I'll have a look at the forecast.
VOCABULARY
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sade rain noun
s weather noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
"What 's t he weat her like in "T he rain will st art in t he morning."
Helsinki?"
"T he rain is f alling on t he st reet ." "T he weat her was nice yest erday."
"Im not going out , it s raining." "I dont want any advice."
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millainen
Millainen comes from mink + lainen. Mink is the genitive form of mik, and -
lainen is the adjective-forming ending that makes also country names into
adjectives. We also have sellainen (from sen + lainen) "like it" and tuollainen (from
tuon + lainen) "like that," and tllainen/tllinen (from tmn + lainen) "like this."
For some reason, the non-vowel-harmony-compliant tllainen is the form used in
written texts, though tllinen is common in spoken Finnish.
sateenvarjo
Sateenvarjo is formed from the genitive form sateen of the noun sade "rain," and
the word varjo "shadow, shade." Literally, then, it means "shade of rain." Similarly,
we have pivnvarjo, which is a "parasol."
GRAMMAR
The word ei is actually a verb. It is not a full verb, and it only has limited
conjugation, but it is still a verb. It changes according to the person just like other
verbs. In fact, it steals the personal ending from the main verb, so that only the
stem of the main verb remains in the negative statement. Ei is inserted before the
main verb.
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sin olet sin et ole you are not
Note that the remaining main verb stem is the same, namely the one that is used
for 1st and 2nd persons in the affirmative, for all persons in the negative. Even for
verbs where the 3rd person has a different stem in the affirmative, in the negative
the stem is the same for all.
1. Jussi ei sy omenaa.
"Jussi does not eat apple."
1. En tied.
"I don't know."
2. Et tarvitse.
"No, you don't need (one)."
3. Tnn ei sada.
"It's not going to rain today."
4. En kaipaa sadetta.
"I don't want any rain."
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Not es
Finnish does not have a future tense. The present tense is used for future events,
as in the sentence Tnn ei sada: "It will not rain today."
Note that the stem consonant change for the verb tiet (hn tiet - min tiedn)
is caused by the same phenomenon that causes the change in iti - idin.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Finland has relatively warm summers and cold winters. However, since the country
extends 1000km from south to north, there are great regional differences. Winters
are longer and colder in the north and east than in the south and west. In most
winters, there is snow in all Finland at least for some time. In Southern Finland,
though, snow may be on and off on warm winters, but it is also possible to have
very snowy, cold winters with temperatures constantly below the freezing point
and dropping to around -30 degrees Celsius during the coldest periods. In the
summer, daily temperatures are usually around 20 degrees Celsius, and
occasionally rise above 25 and rarely above 30 degrees. Most of the time, the
weather is rather difficult to forecast. November is the time when most Finns wish
they could be somewhere else. The sun rises late and sets early, all the colorful
leaves have fallen and turned into wet pulp on the roadside, and it is cold and wet
with no snow to lighten up the scenery. February with the sparkling snow and
summer with the long days are something different entirely.
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