CONSTRUCTION OF

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

Dr. Amitava Biswas

Assistant Professor
Department of Applied Physics
Electrical Engineering Section
University of Calcutta
92, APC Road, Kolkata 9

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 A rotating machines that rotate at a speed
fixed by the supply frequency and the number of
poles are called synchronous machines.
A synchronous machine is one, in which a perfect
constant relationship exists between the speed,
frequency and the number of poles.
A synchronous machine rotates at a constant
speed called synchronous speed.
The alternator is called a synchronous
generator.
A synchronous generator is an electrical machine
producing alternating emf of constant frequency.
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Different parts of synchronous machines 5
 Type of Synchronous machines

According to the arrangement of

armature and field winding, the
synchronous machines are classified as

1. Rotating armature type and

2. Rotating field type

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 Advantages of Rotating Field System

1. Armature voltage
2. Field voltage
3. Size of slip ring
4. Number of slip rings
5. Mechanical vibrations
6. Operation of slip rings
7. Size of the machine
8. Cooling

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 Type of Synchronous machines

Based on the type of the prime movers

1. Hydrogenerators : The generators which are driven
by hydraulic turbines are called hydrogenerators.
These are run at lower speeds less than 1000 rpm.

2. Turbogenerators: These are the generators driven

by steam turbines. These generators are run at
very high speed of 1500rpm or above.

3. Engine driven Generators: These are driven by IC

engines. These are run at a speed less than 1500
rpm.

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 Type of Synchronous machines

According to the operation and rotor construction

1. Cylindrical-rotor or Round rotor machines
2. Salient-pole machines

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Stator frame 13
Stator core 14
Stator lamination 15
Stator segment of a lamination

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Stator core and stator windings placed in stator slots 18
Stator windings placed in stator slots 19
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Stator windings of a salient pole alternator 21
Rotor core of a large cylindrical-rotor alternator22
Rotor with conductor placed in the slots 23
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Rotor of a salient pole alternator 25
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Pole body Pole with field coils

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