Revisin Bibliogrfica- Seminario II

1. USE OF UNCONVENTIONAL AGGREGATES IN HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE

Viktors Haritonovs, Martins Zaumanis2, Guntis Brencis3, Juris Smirnovs4

The study investigates use of dolomite sand waste as filler or/and sand material plus BOF steel slag as fine and coarse aggregate for
design of high performance asphalt concrete. Both environmental and economic factors contribute to the growing need for the use of
these materials in asphalt concrete pavements. This is particularly important for Latvia, where local crushed dolomite and sandstone
does not fulfill the requirements for mineral aggregate in high and medium intensity asphalt pavements roads.

Annually 100 to 200 thousand tons of steel slag aggregates are produced in Latvia. However, it has not been used extensively in asphalt
pavement despite of its high performance characteristics. Dolomite sand waste, which is byproduct of crushed dolomite production, is
another widely available polydisperse by-product in Latvia. Its quantity has reached a million of tons and is rapidly increasing. This huge
quantity of technological waste needs to be recycled with maximum efficiency. Various combinations of steel slag, dolomite sand waste
and conventional aggregates were used to develop AC 11 asphalt concrete mixtures. The mix properties tests include resistance to
permanent deformations (wheel tracking test, dynamic creep test) and fatigue resistance. Laboratory test results showed that asphalt
concrete mixtures containing steel slag and local limestone in coarse portion and dolomite sand waste in sand and filler portions had high
resistance to plastic deformations and good resistance to fatigue failure.

Keywords. steel slag, dolomite sand waste, permanent deformation, creep test, fatigue.
2. EVALUATION OF RICE HUSK ASH AS FILLER IN HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE
S_ebnem Sargn a,1, Mehmet Saltan a,1, Nihat Morova b,, Sercan Serin c,2, Serdal Terzi a,
In the study, it was investigated to use the rice husk ash (RHA) in the hot mix asphalt as mineral filler. For this purpose, four different
serial asphalt concrete samples were produced using limestone (LS) in different proportions (4%, 5%, 6%, and 7%) as mineral filler. The
amount of optimum bitumen and the value of Marshall Stability (MS) were determined with MS test for the samples. Choosing the series
of asphalt having 5% filler which has given the highest stability RHA was changed with LS filler in the rate of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%.
After that MS test was conducted on the produced samples and the results were evaluated.
As a result, it has come in view that RHA can be used as mineral filler in the asphalt concrete.
3. COMPORTAMIENTO DE UNA MEZCLA DENSA DE ASFALTO ENCALIENTE MODIFICADA CON DESECHO
Hugo Alexander, Rondn Quintana - Fredy Alberto, Reyes Lizcano - Blanca Esperanza, Ojeda Martnez
En el mundo la tecnologa de los asfaltos modificados ha sido una tcnica ampliamente utilizada para mejorar las caractersticas que
presentan las mezclas asflticas convencionales cuando experimentan niveles elevados de trnsito y gradientes de temperatura. Por lo
general lo que se busca con este tipo de tecnologa es mejorar algunas de las propiedades mecnicas y reolgicas de los asfaltos y las
mezclas asflticas convencionales tales como la susceptibilidad trmica, la rigidez, y la resistencia al envejecimiento, a las
deformaciones plsticas y a la fatiga. El artculo presenta los resultados experimentales de ensayar una mezcla asfltica densa en
caliente modificada con desecho de policloruro de vinilo (el cual se denominar en el presente trabajo PVC). Para la evaluacin del
comportamiento de las mezclas asflticas convencionales y modificadas se realizaron ensayos Marshall, mdulo dinmico y deformacin
permanente. Para el cemento asfltico (CA) con y sin aditivo se realizaron ensayos de caracterizacin de asfaltos como penetracin,
punto de ablandamiento y viscosidad. La modificacin de las mezclas se realiz por va hmeda y seca. Adicionando desecho de PVC
al cemento asfltico y a las mezclas, se obtiene un material ms rgido con mayor resistencia a la penetracin y menor susceptibilidad
trmica a fluir.
Palabras claves: desecho de policloruro de vinilo (PVC), asfalto modificado, mezcla densa en caliente.
4. EVALUATION OF STEEL SLAG COARSE AGGREGATE IN HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE
Perviz Ahmedzadea,, Burak Sengozb
This paper presents the influences of the utilization of steel slag as a coarse aggregate on the properties of hot mix asphalt. Four different
asphalt mixtures containing two types of asphalt cement (AC-5; AC-10) and coarse aggregate (limestone; steel slag) were used to prepare
Marshall specimens and to determine optimum bitumen content. Mechanical characteristics of all mixtures were evaluated by Marshall
stability, indirect tensile stiffness modulus, creep stiffness, and indirect tensile strength tests. The electrical sensitivity of the specimens
were also investigated in accordance with ASTM D257-91.
It was observed that steel slag used as a coarse aggregate improved the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. Moreover, volume
resistivity values demonstrated that the electrical conductivity of steel slag mixtures were better than that of limestone mixtures.
5. COMPORTAMIENTO MECNICO Y DINMICO DE UNA MEZCLA ASFLTICA CON ADICIN DE CENIZAS VOLANTES*
Oscar Javier Reyes Ortiz** Juan Ricardo Troncoso Rivera*** Javier Fernando Camacho Tauta****
El propsito de la investigacin de la cual se deriva este artculo consisti en determinar la incidencia de reemplazar el llenante mineral
por cenizas volantes en la deformacin permanente y las propiedades mecnicas de una mezcla asfltica con granulometra 0/10 y
asfalto CA60/70. Inicialmente se realiz la caracterizacin del material granular, cenizas volantes y asfalto. Se determin el porcentaje
ptimo de asfalto mediante el procedimiento Marshall, valor con el cual se construyeron las muestras para los ensayos mecnicos y de
ahuellamiento con reemplazo de llenante mineral por ceniza volante.
Se utilizaron diferentes porcentajes de reemplazo de llenante mineral por ceniza volante entre el 15% y el 100%. Entre los resultados
obtenidos se determin un incremento de la resistencia del 19% para un reemplazo del 20%. La deformacin permanente disminuy
10% y 38% para el reemplazo de 20% y 45%, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se evalu la rigidez Marshall y la velocidad de
deformacin y se obtuvo un porcentaje de adicin favorable de ceniza volante de 25% con respecto al peso del llenante mineral.
Palabras clave: mezcla asfltica, ceniza volante, relacin estabilidad-flujo, deformacin permanente.
6. THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF STONE MASTIC ASPHALT MIXTURES USING OIL PALM FRUIT ASH-
MODIFIED BITUMEN
Gatot Rusbintardjo1, Mohd Rosli Hainin2, Muhammad Ali Mubaraki3 4, and Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff4
This study was conducted to investigate the use of oil palm fruit ash-modified bitumen (OPFA-MB) as a binder in stone-mastic asphalt
(SMA) mixtures. The OPFA was used to take advantage of a waste by-product of the palm oil milling industry which could help to reduce
environmental pollution. Binder tests such as penetration, softening point, viscosity, storage stability, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR),
bending beam rheometer (BBR), and the direct tension test (DTT) were conducted on both unmodified and OPFA-modified bitumens. It
was found that the properties of unmodified bitumen improve when OPFA is added. In addition, several asphalt mixture tests, including
the Marshall Stability test, indirect tensile modulus resilience test, static uniaxial creep test, wheel tracking test, static-immersion and
boiling water test, and drain-down test, were also performed on SMA mixes. The presence of OPFA was observed to enhance the
stability, resilient modulus, and rut resistance of SMA mixes compared to the unmodified bitumen. This material was also found to be a
good alternative material for fiber replacement in SMA mixes.
7. PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT MIXTURES CONTAINING INCINERATOR BOTTOM
ASH
Chin-Ming Huanga, Chui-Te Chiu b,, Kung-Cheh Li a, Wan-Fa Yang b
This paper presents parts of the results from a research project sponsored by Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA),
investigating both the physical and environmental properties of asphalt mixtures using different amount of incinerator bottom ash (IBA)
as fine aggregate substitution. The Marshall mix design method was used to determine the design asphalt content and evaluate the
potential performance of these IBAasphalt mixtures. Water sensitivity and wheel track rutting were also performed on these mixtures.
Leachates, from both laboratory and outdoor leaching tests, were performed to measure the concentration of selected heavy metals and
the level of daphnia toxicity. While with adequate Marshall stability, the IBAasphalt mixtures were shown to have excessively high
Marshall flow and excessively low VMA (voids in the mineral aggregate). The results of the wheel tracking tests also indicated that the
IBAasphalt mixtures had low rutting resistance. The results of the water sensitivity test according to procedure of AASHTO T283 method
showed that the IBAasphalt mixtures had a higher tensile strength ratio (TSR) as compared with the conventional asphalt mixtures.
Considering the environmental aspects, outdoor leaching tests showed that IBA had a high level of daphnia toxicity. From an ecological
perspective, IBA could be identified as hazardous waste in Taiwan. However, after being mixed with asphalt binder, the concentration of
heavy metals and the levels of daphnia toxicity were significantly reduced. The leachates of 10-day flat plate leaching tests on Marshall
specimens containing IBA indicated that the heavy metal were undetectable and the daphnia toxicity was ineffective.
Keywords: Incinerator bottom ash; Asphalt mixture; Leachate; Heavy metal; Daphnia toxicity
8. UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATION ASH IN STONE MASTIC ASPHALT MIXTURE: PAVEMENT
PERFORMANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Yongjie Xue a,b,*, Haobo Hou a, Shujing Zhu a, Jin Zha c

The objective of this study is to the use of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash as a partial of fine aggregate or mineral filler
in stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixture. For saving natural rock and reusing solid waste, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF slag) was used
as part of coarse aggregate.
And this makes SMA mixtures contain more than 90% solid waste materials by mass. A comparative study of the performance of two
mixes designed using superior performance asphalt pavements (SUPERPAVE) and Marshall mix design procedures was carried out in
this research. Samples from both mixes were prepared at the design asphalt contents and aggregate gradations and were subjected to
a comprehensive mechanical evaluation testing. These tests included Marshall stability, water sensibility, resilient modulus, fatigue life
and rutting. In all the performed tests SUPERPAVE mixtures proved their superiority over Marshall mixtures. TCLP test for environmental
impact indicated that asphalt is an effective stabilization and solidification agent for heavy metal in MSWI ash. The heavy metal leachates
in TCLP tests have great positive correlation with their initial concentration in waste. But Ni is an exception that lower initial concentration
leaded to higher cumulative leaching rate.
9. COAL ASH UTILIZATION IN ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES
By Eleni Vassiliadou Churchill1 and Serji N. Amirkhanian,2 Member, ASCE
Dwindling supplies and rising costs of natural resources used in road construction as well as concerns over shrinking landfill spaces
prompt researchers to investigate the use of waste products, such as coal ash, as substitute materials in highway construction. This
research examines the effect of coal ash (i.e., fly and bottom ash) when used as partial replacement of fine aggregate in asphalt concrete
mixtures. Specimens were made using three aggregate sources, two ash sources, three ash percentages (0, 6, and 8%), and hydrated
lime.
Selected physical properties (e.g., tensile strength) were measured and statistically analyzed. Results indicated that partial substitution
of fine aggregates by coal ash had a moderate detrimental effect on short-term tensile strengths. However, a number of coal ash/lime
mixtures met the minimum tensile strength requirements set by the South Carolina Department of Transportation. A limited field study
was also conducted to study the environmental effects of coal ash mixtures as detected by heavy-metal concentrations in nearby soils.
Results showed that 3 months after placement metal concentrations in soils were not substantially altered.
10. USE OF SURFACE FREE ENERGY METHOD TO EVALUATE EFFECT OF HYDRATE LIME ON MOISTURE DAMAGE IN
HOT-MIX ASPHALT
F. Moghadas Nejad1; Gh. H. Hamedi2; and A. R. Azarhoosh3
One of the convenient approaches to decreasing moisture sensitivity in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is coating the aggregate surface with a
suitable agent. Hydrate lime (HL) is the most common antistrip additive used to treat aggregate properties in hot-mix asphalt. In this
study, the effect of HL-treated aggregate on moisture sensitivity of HMAwas evaluated by applying thermodynamic concepts and surface
free energy (SFE) method. The SFE components of aggregates and asphalt binders were evaluated by using a universal sorption device
(USD) and dynamic Wilhelmy plate method (DWPM), respectively. The results showed that the use of HL reduced the acid SFE and
increased the base SFE of the two types of aggregates used in this study. These changes promote adhesion between asphalt binder
and aggregate with and without water, particularly in the mixtures containing acidic aggregates prone to moisture damage. Covering the
aggregate with HL decreased the total SFE of aggregate, leading to the increase in wetability of asphalt binder over the aggregate.
Moreover, HL decreased the difference between surface free energies of asphalt-aggregate and water-aggregate, decreasing the
detachment tendency of asphalt binder over the aggregates. Finally, the treatment of aggregate surface with HL reduced the difference
between the free energy of adhesion of aggregate- asphalt binder in dry and wet conditions, decreasing the rate of moisture damage.
11. EVALUACIN MECNICA DE MEZCLAS ASFLTICAS FRAS FABRICADAS CON REEMPLAZO DE LLENANTE
MINERAL
Oscar J. Reyes-Ortiz(1), Allex E. lvarez(2) y Gonzalo A. Valds-Vidal(3)
Se ha evaluado la posibilidad de mejorar la respuesta mecnica de mezclas asflticas fras (MAF), especificadas por dos agencias viales
de Colombia, a travs del reemplazo de llenante mineral natural (i.e., polvo de roca) por cemento Portland (o cemento). En el estudio se
fabricaron probetas Marshall (con el contenido ptimo de emulsin asfltica determinado a travs del mtodo Marshall modificado de
Illinois) con y sin reemplazo de llenante mineral natural por cemento. Estas probetas fueron sometidas a ensayos de resistencia a
traccin indirecta, mdulo resiliente y resistencia al desgaste empleando la mquina de los ngeles. Como resultado del estudio se
determin que las MAF fabricadas con llenante mineral natural muestran un comportamiento mecnico pobre en comparacin con el de
mezclas asflticas fabricadas en caliente. Sin embargo, al remplazar llenante mineral natural por cemento, la respuesta mecnica se
increment a niveles similares a los de las mezclas fabricadas en caliente, sustentando la viabilidad tcnica del uso de MAF para vas
de trficos bajo y medio. Estos resultados brindan la posibilidad de profundizar su potencial uso en el diseo y evaluacin de MAF, ms
aun dada su simplicidad y rapidez.
12. RECYCLING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR ASH IN HOT-MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE
Hossam F. Hassan *
This research investigated the use of incinerator ash as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in hot-mix asphalt concrete. Municipal
solid waste (MSW) Incinerator ash was obtained from an incinerator facility at Sultan Qaboos University. Physical tests were performed
on the incinerator ash to determine its gradation and specific gravity, as well as chemical composition of the leachate from the ash. MSW
ash was used in the mixture of hot-mix asphalt with a percentage of up to 40% by total aggregate weight.
Optimum mixtures were evaluated for moisture susceptibility and raveling potential. The results indicate the potential use of the MSW
ash in asphalt concrete mixtures for surface and base course mixtures with percentages of 15 and 20 ash substitution, respectively.
Keywords: Recycling; Incinerator ash; Asphalt concrete mixture.
13. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT AND ITS MIXTURES MODIFIED WITH FLAME
RETARDANT
Peiliang Cong *, Jianying Yu, Shaopeng Wu, Xiaofeng Luo
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of asphalt and its mixtures modified with Decarbomodiphenyl ether (EBPED),
Antimony trioxide and zinc borate (ZB). Thermal analysis and Infrared spectroscopy (IR) were used to asses the effects of the flame
retardants on physical and chemical properties of asphalt binders. The pavement performances of flame retardant modified asphalt
mixture were estimated by Marshall stability, Marshall stability loss, flow value, indirect tensile strength (ITS), ITS loss and dynamic
stability. To investigate the flame retardancy of asphalt mixture, the limited oxygen index (LOI) test sample of asphalt mixture was
prepared by the substitution of mineral powder for aggregate in mixture. Experimental results indicated that the addition of flame retardant
did drastically change the thermal degradation behavior of asphalt binder, but the distribution of functional group and structure of asphalt
binders did not appear to alter radically upon flame retardant. Flame retardant modified asphalt mixtures have better flame retardancy
and pavement performances. Therefore, flame retardant modified asphalt mixture is a novel road functional material to meet demands
as flame retardant materials and road materials at the same time.
Keywords: Asphalt; Flame retardancy; Thermal analysis; Marshall stability; Indirect tensile strength; Limited oxygen index (LOI)
14. DETERMINACIN DE LA ENERGA SUPERFICIAL LIBRE DE CEMENTOS ASFLTICOS COLOMBIANOS
Allex E. Alvarez-Lugo1 y Silvia Caro-Spinel2
La energa superficial libre (ESL) de un material se define como la energa necesaria para crear una nueva unidad de superficie en
condiciones de vaco. Dicha propiedad est directamente relacionada con la resistencia a la fractura y recuperacin (i.e., healing) de un
material y con la capacidad de crear fuertes adhesiones con otros materiales. Adicionalmente, la calidad de la adhesin entre un cemento
asfltico y un agregado se puede evaluar mediante la cuantificacin del trabajo de adhesin entre estos materiales. Este valor se puede
emplear como un parmetro complementario para la seleccin y combinacin ptima de materiales para mezclas asflticas, as como
en la modelacin micromecnica de procesos de fractura y recuperacin de dichas mezclas. Este documento describe una tcnica de
medicin de la ESL de cementos asflticos basada en el uso de la placa de Wilhelmy y reporta las primeras mediciones de ESL
disponibles para los cementos asflticos producidos en las refineras colombianas de Barrancabermeja y Apiay. Los resultados
correspondientes y la ESL de diversos agregados fueron usados para analizar las diferencias en el trabajo de adhesin de varias
combinaciones de cemento asfltico y agregado en condicin seca. Dentro de los materiales analizados, el mayor trabajo de adhesin
fue el producido por el cemento asfltico de Barrancabermeja. Los resultados sugieren adems que el efecto de un llenante mineral
especfico sobre la ESL del cemento asfltico es particular para cada ligante asfltico. Dicho efecto no necesariamente conlleva al
incremento de la ESL del sistema cemento asfltico-llenante mineral.
Palabras clave: cemento asfltico, energa superficial libre, trabajo de adhesin, mtodo de placa de Wilhelmy, mezclas asflticas,
pavimentos.
15. ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF MINERAL FILLER ON ASPHALTAGGREGATE INTERFACES BASED ON
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
Allex E. Alvarez a,, Evelyn Ovalles a, Silvia Caro b
The material properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) are modified by the amount and properties of the mineral filler (or filler) incorporated in
the HMA. This paper focuses on the analysis of the filler effect on asphaltaggregate interfaces of HMA based on thermodynamic
properties (i.e., measurements of surface free energy, SFE, performed on asphalts, mastics (asphaltfiller combinations), and
aggregates). Seven asphalts, three different mineral fillers added at different proportions, and six aggregates were assessed.
The analysis was conducted in terms of energy parameters computed by using the SFE components of the materials evaluated.
Corresponding results suggest that the inclusion of filler in the asphalt led to changes in the resistance to both fracture and moisture
damage of the masticaggregate systems, and the wettability of the mastic over the aggregate as evaluated in terms of the energy
parameters. Since these particular effects are not comprehensively captured based on conventional tests currently used for filler
characterizationwhich mainly evaluate particle size, presence of harmful fines, and morphological properties, the HMA mix design can
benefit from characterization of fillers and mastics in terms of the SFE and subsequent computation of the energy parameters included
in this study.
16. EVALUACIN DE LA SUSCEPTIBILIDAD AL DAO POR HUMEDAD DE MEZCLAS ASFLTICAS EMPLEANDO
PROPIEDADES TERMODINMICAS
Silvia Caro-Spinel1*, Allex Eduardo Alvarez-Lugo2
Este artculo presenta una evaluacin comparativa de la susceptibilidad al dao por humedad de diferentes combinaciones de cementos
asflticos producidos en Colombia y agregados ptreos. La metodologa empleada se centra en establecer el ndice de Dao por
Humedad (IDH) de diferentes sistemas cemento asfltico-agregado. Este ndice se calcula con base en propiedades termodinmicas
intrnsecas (i.e., energa superficial libre) de los materiales involucrados. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio sugieren: (i) que el
tipo de agregado empleado en mezclas asflticas tiene mayor influencia en la resistencia de la mezcla al ataque del agua que la influencia
que tiene el cemento asfltico y (ii) que los procesos de modificacin empleados para producir los diferentes tipos de cemento asfltico
modificado conllevan a sistemas cemento asfltico-agregado con una variada resistencia al dao por humedad. Finalmente, los
resultados de este estudio demuestran que la caracterizacin termodinmica de los materiales de pavimentacin puede ser
eficientemente empleada en la seleccin de materiales durante la etapa inicial del diseo de mezclas asflticas.
Palabras clave: Dao por humedad, cemento asfltico, energa superficial libre, trabajo de adhesin, ndice de dao por humedad,
pavimentos.
17. EVALUATION OF MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ASPHALT MIXES CONTAINING RAP AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF
AGGREGATES AND ASPHALT BINDERS USING THE SURFACE FREE ENERGY METHOD
Rouzbeh Ghabchi a,, Dharamveer Singh b,1, Musharraf Zaman
The surface free energy (SFE) measurement of asphalt binder and aggregate is considered a reliable mechanistic framework for
evaluating the moisture-induced damage potential of asphalt mixes. In the present study, the SFE method was used to evaluate the
effects of asphalt binder type, Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and its amount, and aggregate type on the moisture-induced damage
potential of asphalt mixes. The SFE components (non-polar, acid and base) of a PG 64-22 and a PG 76-28 (polymer-modified) asphalt
binders, blended with different amounts of RAP binder (0%, 10%, 25% and 40%) were measured in the laboratory using a Dynamic
Contact Angle (DCA) analyzer. Also, the SFE components of six types of aggregates, namely limestone, rhyolite, sandstone, granite,
gravel, and basalt were used in this study.
The SFE components of limestone and rhyolite aggregates were measured using a Universal Sorption Device (USD), while those of the
sandstone, granite, gravel, and basalt aggregates were obtained from the literature. The energy ratio parameters estimated based on
the spreading coefficient, the work of adhesion, and the work of debonding were used to assess the moisture-induced damage potential
of different combinations of asphalt binders and different RAP binder contents and aggregates. The SFE test results indicated that the
acid SFE component of PG 64-22 and PG 76-28 asphalt binders increase with the addition of RAP binder, while the base SFE component
remains almost unchanged. Also, the wettability and the work of adhesion of both PG 64-22 and PG 76-28 asphalt binders over different
types of aggregates increased with an increase in RAP content (by 25% and more). Based on the energy ratio parameters, it was found
that the resistance to moisture-induced damage increased with an increase in RAP content for both PG 64-22 and PG 76-28 asphalt
binders and all types of aggregates, specifically when higher RAP contents were used. Moreover, it was found that the higher the total
SFE of the aggregates, the lower the energy ratio parameter values. Therefore, a high total SFE component of aggregate may result in
a high moisture-induced damage potential of the mix. The results presented herein are expected to be helpful in mechanistically assessing
the moisture-induced damage potential of asphalt mixes, produced with polymer-modified and non-polymer-modified asphalt binders,
containing RAP.
18. USING THE SURFACE FREE ENERGY METHOD TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF LIQUID ANTISTRIP ADDITIVES ON
MOISTURE SENSITIVITY IN HOT MIX ASPHALT
Mahyar Arabani* and Gholam Hossein Hamedi1
The objectives of this research are to evaluate the susceptibility of aggregates and asphalt binder with and without liquid antistrip (LAA)
additives to moisture damage based on the properties that affect the adhesion bond between the aggregate and asphalt binder and the
cohesion strength of the asphalt binder using the surface free energy (SFE) concept and laboratory testing. The percentage of the
aggregate surface area that was exposed to water (P) due to each cycle was used as a screening parameter for evaluating the
compatibility of the asphalt binder and aggregates in terms of the resistance to moisture damage. The results show that adding LAA
causes the total SFE of the asphalt binder to increase, which results in a decrease in stripping between the aggregate and asphalt binder
in the presence of water. Similar results were obtained from a dynamic modulus test. From the data obtained, we conclude that LAA
caused a reduction of the magnitude of P that improves its resistance to moisture damage.
Keywords: hot mix asphalt; moisture damage; liquid anti strip additives; surface free energy; dynamic modulus.
19. USE OF SURFACE FREE ENERGY METHOD TO EVALUATE THE MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SULFUR EXTENDED
ASPHALTS MODIFIED WITH ANTISTRIPPING AGENTS
G.H. Shafabakhsh a, M. Faramarzi b,, M. Sadeghnejad c
Aggregateasphalt binder adhesion bond is a vital factor that affects the resistance of asphalt mixtures against moisture damages. Since,
moisture damages are the main defects of sulfur extended asphalts (SEAs), this study aims to improve it by reinforcing the adhesion
between asphalt binder and aggregate.
An antistripping additive named nanotechnology Zycotherm (NZ) was used to achieve this goal. Surface Free Energy (SFE) method was
applied to examine the effectiveness of NZ additive in improving the moisture susceptibility of SEA. The research team utilized two
common mechanical tests (indirect tensile strength, and dynamic modulus) to evaluate the validation of SFE method. All samples were
constructed with two different aggregates, limestone and granite. In the SFE method, the measured surface energy components of
constitutive materials were used to calculate the bond strength between them in dry and wet conditions. The findings showed that adding
NZ was a successful technique to compensate the deteriorated adhesion due to using sulfur. Also it was demonstrated that SFE test
results were so compatible with the common mechanical tests in predicting moisture damages.
20. RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS BETWEEN SURFACE FREE ENERGY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ASPHALT
BINDER
Jianming Wei , Fuqiang Dong, Yanan Li, Yuzhen Zhang
The statistical methods of a single regression and multiple regression analysis were applied to correlate the relationships between
chemical composition and surface free energy of asphalt binders. The experimental sampleswere twenty-three asphalt binders used in
a Strategic Highway Research Program(SHRP). The results of single regression showed that the concentrations of saturates,
aromatics,wax or asphaltenes played the roles of lowering the value of the surface free energy of the asphalt binder. On the contrary, the
resins, ratio of resins/ asphaltenes, and the colloid index played the roles of increasing the value of the surface free energy. The
correlations of elemental content of C%, N%, and S%with the surface free energy of the asphalt fitted fairlywell into the quadratic curves.
The multiple regression analysis implied that the four proposed regression models yield satisfactory results. More asphalt binders are
strongly suggested to validate the findings of this study.