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Abstract -The phenomenon of direct current (DC) magnetic sheets were researched fustly. Then single-valued curves were
bias is main cause of the increased noise and vibration of the adopted to model magnetostriction and used in calculating the
transformer core and the magnetostriction is main cause of noise vibration of transformer. As a result, the distribution of
and vibration. This paper studies the magnetostriction vibration displacement of core, the vibration waveform in time
characteristics of grain-oriented (GO) electrical silicon steel
domain, and vibration spectrum were obtained from the
sheets. Especially the anisotropic magnetostriction along the
simulation. Finally, the vibration and noise of a 160KVA
rolling direction (RD) and transversal direction (TD) deviating
transformer at no load were measured under different DC bias.
from RD 90 was measured based on a standard single sheet
measurement system, and the single-valued curves of The effect on DC magnetic bias on vibration and noise were
magnetostriction were obtained to applied in the calculation of studied through the results of simulation and experiment.
finite element (FEM). The vibration and noise of a 160KVA
transformer caused by magnetostriction was calculated at no II. MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETOSTRICTI0N
load under DC magnetic bias, are studied in detail. CHARACTERISTICS
600
/
V-
1 .5r----_+----hl_+---f
I
Or--,-r--
0:1
_0.81------\\'---'+'-1------+
-,4,
:r:
-30 I- ---....q;f------ --.j 200
/ .-:
/
0.5r----o/r-----r--_+---f
-1.6 '--------"-'-<--------< _60L-------'--.l
o 3.14 6.28 o 3.14 6.28 o
..----r'
T (rad) o 0.5 1.5 2
T (rad) 0.5 1 1 .5
B (T) B eT)
(a) B waveform (b) H waveform
Fig.2 Magnetization under sinusoidal voltage at SO Hz along RD (a) RD (b) TO
Fig.S Single-valued magnetostrictive curves
800 ------,---,--=
E 600-4,---+---------;
E
c:
01-------"1
L---------
_200
o 3.14 6.28
T (rad)
Fig.6 Magnetostrictive waveforms
this figure, the contraction of magnetostriction ..1.- at TD is not magnetostriction and magnetization waveforms were obtained,
seen clearly due to relatively big ..1.+ in this direction. This the A. waveforms are biased in this way that the two peak
measurement data show the sample of 30ZHl20 GO steel has values of A. waveforms in one time-period are not equal any
highly strong anisotropy of magnetostriction, and especially, more, and even one of two peak values is negative before
..1.+ at TD is far greater than at RD.These data are useful for magnetic saturation. As a result, the butterfly loops under DC
investigating the vibration at the lapped seam of transformer bias have not a symmetric wing which is quite different from
core. The magnetostriction is nonlinear phenomena that that without DC bias in Fig. 2. When the magnetization
becomes saturated deeply, the peak-peak value may restore to
be identical.
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III. FEA CALCULATIONS OF VIBRATION OF TRANSFORMER
l
and the measured single-valued magnetostrictive curves along 2
.
RD and TD used to calculate the vibrations caused by
magnetostriction in simulation, in addition, the vibrations
.
sV
.AA A
caused by magnetic forces was calculated. 1.76 1.77 1.78 --.
1 79 100 200 300 400 500 60,
Time Frequency(HzI
Fig.7 shows the vibration displacement of the transformer (a) Vibration versus time (b) Vibration spectrum
Fig. 8 Vibration laws of a point on transformer
core for DC current at 1.9A. The red region represents a
maximum displacement of 0.3248/lm, and the blue region
represents a minimum displacement of O/lm, which is
consistent with the constraints of fixed bottom in simulation.
The maximum displacement increases by 9.66% from the
value of 0.2962/lm to 0.3248/lm when there is DC magnetic
bias flux in the core. The DC bias causes the increscent of
vibration of transformer core It also verifies the DC bias does
Fig.9 Transformer model and testing points
cause the increscent of vibration of transformer core.
The simulated vibration displacement waveform of a point 0.8 ,------- 0.5
--Idc=OA---Idc=lA
on transformer in time-domain from 1.76 seconds to 1.80 07
.
-- Idc=2A -Idc=3A
--Idc=OA -- Idc=lA
0.6 04
.
seconds is shown in Fig.8 (a), and under DC magnetic bias the '20.5 1------iI-I'r+--j E'0.3 I---------jf--
Idc2A I3A
on others frequencies that may be caused by the model did not voltage source (15V, 5A) was connected in the circuit of
be meshed fine enough in the simulation calculation. primary coils to produce different DC magnetic bias when
adjust DC from OA t05A.
The structure of transformers and the distribution of
IV. EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF VIBRATION AND
magnetic flux density are symmetric, and the experimental
NOISE UNDER DIFFERENT DC MAGNETIC BIAS
transformers were fixed on the bottoms, so half transformer is
A. Experiment Design chosen as measured subject. Fig.9 shows the vibration testing
The vibration and noise experiments were carried out under points No. 1-16 on transformer. The testing points No. 1-6 are
different DC bias conditions when the transformer model located in the upper yoke, No. 7-10 located in the clamp, and
operated at no-load. The vibrations were measured by a data testing points No. 11-16 are located in side yoke.
acquisition & signal analyzer, which acquires vibration signal
including displacement, velocity and acceleration in time
B. Experiment results
domain and conducts Fourier spectrum analysis simultaneous
The root mean square (RMS) values of vibration velocity (v)
in dual-channels. The noise measurement device used in this
and displacement(S) on 16 testing points were obtained for
experiment has a test range of 20dB-140dB.
DC current of OA, lA, 2A, 3A, as shown in fig.l0. It shows
The two experimental transformers have the same
the vibration on testing points No. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15,
parameters and capacity as which were simulated, as shown in
and 16 increases monotonically when DC current increases,
Fig.9.In order to generate DC magnetic bias flux in
and the vibration on testing points No. 3, 4, and 11 is
transformers, the experiment circuit was designed where the
magnified in non-monotonic law, however, the vibration on
secondary coils of the two transformers were connected in
testing points No. 1 and 2 decreases under DC bias. The
parallel and applied rated 400V, 50Hz AC voltage by
strongest vibration located in side yoke on the testing points
regulator, and the primary coils were connected in opposite
No. 11 and 12, because there are no clamps or other structural
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parts to constram It. The vibration on testing points No.12 for Idc=IA Idc=3A
Idc=OA
DC current of 2A increases obviously, that maybe caused by
resonance on some natural frequencies.
The effect of DC bias on vibration spectrum was studied
quantitatively and qualitatively taking testing point No. 7 as
example. The spectrum contents for DC currents of OA, lA,
and 3A are shown in Fig.ll. On the one hand the frequency
multiplications (FM) of 100Hz accounts for less and decrease
50Hz 100Hz 150Hz 200Hz 250Hz 300Hz 350Hz 400Hz
from 82.46% to 47.07% and 45.68%, as given in line 2 of .450Hz .500Hz .550Hz .600Hz .650Hz .700Hz .750Hz 800Hz
Tab.l. On the other hand the odd harmonics increase greatly .850Hz .900Hz 950Hz 1000Hz 1050Hz 1100Hz
Fig.11 Vibration spectrum of test NO. 7
in the spectrum contents. The percentages of main harmonics
of 50Hz, 150Hz, 250Hz, and 350Hz are listed in Tab.l, and
0.12 rr-------------------,
the DC bias does increase them a lot.
-=.::.:.,:
.cO A..:....::.
..,: l A..:...-
...:.:. --1
0.10 It- _______ __
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