ZOOM

Technologies

BGP Neighbor ZOOM

Technologies

1.81 1.94
S0 A S1

1.82 AS 110
1.93
S1 S0
IBGP
In router B B In router C
Router BGP 110 C Router BGP 110
1.85 1.90
neighbor 1.93 ? 1.86 1.89 neighbor 1.82 ?
or S0 S1 or
neighbor 1.90 ? S1 S0 neighbor 1.85 ?

D
BGP Neighbor ZOOM
Technologies

1.81 1.94
S0 A S1

1.82 AS 110
1.93
S1 S0
IBGP
B C
1.85 1.90
In router B 1.86 1.89
Interface loopback 12
S0 S1 In router C
S1 S0 Interface loopback 1
IP add 10.10.0.1/24
Router BGP 110 IP add 10.20.0.1/24
neighbor 10.20.0.1 Router BGP 110
D neighbor 10.10.0.1

Loopback interface should be used for forming neighbor

relationship.
BGP messages
Destination IP = Neighbor IP
Source IP = Primary IP of Outgoing Interface
BGP check source IP in its neighbor command, if no match Message will be
discarded.

BGP Neighbor ZOOM

Technologies

1.81 1.94
S0 A S1

1.82 AS 110
1.93
S1 S0
IBGP
B C
1.85 1.90
In router B 1.86 1.89
Interface loopback 12 S0
S1 S0 S1 In router C
IP add 10.10.0.1/24 Interface loopback 1
Router BGP 110 IP add 10.20.0.1/24
neighbor 10.20.0.1 Router BGP 110
D neighbor 10.10.0.1

On Router B
B(config)#router BGP 110
B(config-router)#neighbor 10.20.0.1 remote-as 110
B(config-router)#neighbor 10.20.0.1 update-source loopback 12
B(config)#int loopback 12
B(config-if)#ip add 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.0
EBGP Neighbor ZOOM
Technologies

10.0.1.1/30 10.0.1.2/30
S0 S0
A S1 S1 B
10.0.2.1/30 10.0.2.2/30

AS 278 AS 523

On Router A
A(config)#router BGP 278
A(config-router)#neighbor 10.20.0.1 remote-as 523
A(config-router)#neighbor 10.20.0.1 update-source loopback 12
A(config-router)#neighbor 10.20.0.1 ebgp-multihop 2

A(config)#int loopback 12
A(config-if)#ip add 10.10. 0.1 255.255.255.0
A(config)#ip route 10.20. 0.0 255.255.255.0 s 0
A(config)#ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.255.0 s 1

Next Hop in BGP ZOOM

Technologies

OSPF
AS 5252
AS 110 NH 192.168.1.1
B 11.0.0.0/8 S2
S2
2.1 IBGP
S0 S0 S1
1.2
B 2.2
C 3.1
S1 3.2
1.1 EBGP S0
EBGP

F E
11.0.0.0/8 AS 2121
AS 5252

BGP is an AS-by-AS routing protocol, not a router-by-

router routing protocol.
next hop next router,
the Next-hop IP address used to reach the next AS.
Next Hop in BGP ZOOM
Technologies

OSPF AS 5252
AS 110 AS 5252,NH 1.1
NH 192.168.2.1
B 11.0.0.0/8 S2
B 11.0.0.0/8
S2
2.1 IBGP
S0 S0 S1
1.2
B 2.2
C 3.1
S1 3.2
1.1 EBGP S0
EBGP

F E
11.0.0.0/8 AS 2121
AS 5252

If Router C doesn't know how to reach 1.1 it cannot

reach 11.0.0.0 network.
B(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.2.2 next-hop-self

BGP Troubleshooting ZOOM

Technologies

Clearing BGP neighbor relationship

On modification or implementation of new policy, BGP takes time to show
results. For instant implementation of policies, resetting BGP peers is
required.

R#clear ip bgp *| <neighbor IP>

BGP resets connection and starts from Idle State.

R#clear ip bgp *| <neighbor IP> soft out|in

Clear only BGP updates, TCP connection will not be reset.

If BGP State is Idle or Active for long time.

Check for neighbor command in both route.
Check for route exist in routing table to reach neighbor.
BGP Summarization ZOOM
Technologies

BGP Supports auto and manual

summary.
Manual summary can be done at any
point in network.
Summary can carry network belonging
to multiple A.S.
R(config-Router)#aggregate-address <network> <mask>
[summary-only]

BGP Metric ZOOM

Technologies

BGP metric is called as Attributes or Rich Metric.

Metric Characteristics.
Well Known
Recognized by all the vendors.
Optional
May not be recognized by every vendor
Mandatory
Must be present in updates.
Discretionary
May be present in updates
Transitive
Send to other neighbors.
Non transitive
Only for that router should not be pass to neighbors.
Partial
Proprietary
BGP Attributes ZOOM
Technologies

BGP Attributes contain following

AS Path
Next hop
Origin
Local preference
Multi Exit Discriminator
Weight

AS Path ZOOM
Technologies

List of AS through which updates has

traversed.
Path with shortest AS path list is
more desirable.
AS Path is Well known, mandatory
and transitive attribute.
AS path : 2007
11.0.0.0/8
12.0.0.0/8
AS 2007
AS200
11.0.0.0/8 AS2003
12.0.0.0/8
Next Hop ZOOM
Technologies

BGP is AS by AS routing Protocol

Next hop next router
Next hop = IP to reach next AS
Next hop well known, mandatory and
transitive attribute.
AS 110
AS 123 AS 123
NH 192.168.1.1 NH 192.168.1.1
AS 123 B 11.0.0.0/8 B 11.0.0.0/8
S2
S1 2.1 IBGP
S0 S0
11.0.0.0/8 1.1
1.2 B 2.2 C
F

Origin ZOOM
Technologies

Origin inform all AS in Internetwork how network

got introduced into BGP.

IGP (i)
network command
EGP (e)
Redistributed from EGP
Incomplete (?)
Redistributed from IGP or static

The origin attribute is well-known, mandatory, and

transitive.
I is better then e and e is better then ?
Local Preference ZOOM
Technologies

Local preference define how data traffic should

exit from an AS.
Path with highest preference value is more
desirable.
It is advertised only to IBGP neighbor within an
AS.
Default value is 100
Local preference is Well known, discretionary and
transitive only to IBGP neighbor.

Local Preference ZOOM

Technologies

A
C AS 21117
My
AS 123

AS 1220 AS 125 AS 179

11.0.0.0/8
Local Preference ZOOM
Technologies

A 11.0.0.1 LP 100
C AS 21117
My
AS 123

B
LP 250

AS 1220 AS 125 AS 179

11.0.0.0/8

Multi Exit Discriminator ZOOM

Technologies

My
AS 123
192.15.2.0/24 C
AS 12200

B
Multi Exit Discriminator ZOOM
Technologies

My
AS 123 192.15.2.1
192.15.2.0/24 C
AS 12200

Multi Exit Discriminator ZOOM

Technologies

MED define how the data traffic

should enter an AS.
MED is used to advertised to EBGP
neighbor only.
Path with less MED is more desirable.
Default is value 0.
MED is optional and non transitive.
Weight ZOOM
Technologies

11.0.0.1 Weight 300

My A
AS 123 Weight 500 C AS 21117

AS 1220 AS 179
11.0.0.0/8

Weight ZOOM
Technologies

Weight is Ciscos attribute.

Path with the highest weight is more
desirable.
Default weight is 32768 for local
network and 0 for other.
Weight is configured locally to each
router, it is not advertised to any
neighbor.
Weight is partial attribute.
BGP Path Selection Processes ZOOM
Technologies

BGP Consider only (synchronized), no AS loops and a

valid next hop route for path selection processes:
Prefer highest weight (local to router)
Prefer highest local preference (global within AS)
Prefer route originated by the local router (next hop =
0.0.0.0)
Prefer shortest AS path
Prefer lowest origin code (IGP < EGP < incomplete)
Prefer lowest MED (from other AS)
Prefer a path from EBGP neighbor over IBGP neighbor
Prefer the path through the closest IGP neighbor
Prefer oldest route for EBGP neighbor
Prefer the path with the lowest neighbor BGP router
ID

Route Map for BGP policy ZOOM

Technologies

13.0.0.1
11.0.0.1
12.0.0.1
14.0.0.1

A LP 100
C AS 21117
My
12.0.0.0/8
AS 123

B
LP 250

AS 1220 AS 125 AS 179

11.0.0.0/8
14.0.0.0/8 13.0.0.0/8
Route Map for BGP policy ZOOM
Technologies

A LP 100
C AS 21117
My
AS 123

B
Route-map BGP
Match IP add 11.0.0.0
Set Local preference 250

AS 1220 AS 125 AS 179

11.0.0.0/8

Multi-homing AS ZOOM
Technologies

Global
ISP X
ISP A
112.0.0.0/8
C
My
A AS 123

ISP B
B 61.0.0.0/8 Global
ISP Y