Building Design

1. Design Philosophy
Limit state design method has been followed for the design of structure. In the method of design
based on limit state concept, the structure shall be designed to withstand safely all loads liable
to act on it throughout its life; it shall also satisfy the serviceability requirements, such as
limitations on deflection and cracking. The acceptable limit for the safety and serviceability
requirements before failure occurs is called a 'limit state. The aim of design is to achieve
acceptable probabilities that the structure will not become unfit for the use for which it is
intended, that is, that it will not reached limit state. All relevant limit states shall be considered
in design to ensure an adequate degree of safety and serviceability. In general, the structure
shall be designed on the basis of the most critical limit state and shall be checked for other limit
states.

2. Codes to be followed in the design:

I) IS 456:2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice.
II) IS875-1987(part I) for dead loads
III) IS875-1987 (part II) for live loads
IV) IS1893-2002

3. Loading.
3.1 Dead Load:
A constant load in a building structure that is due to the weight of the members, the
supported structure, and permanent attachments or accessories. This analysis deals
withato be assumed in the design of buildings and same is given in the-
form of unit weight ofmaterials. The unit weight of other materials that are likely to be
stored in a building should be also included for the purpose of load calculations due to
stored materials. These loads are calculated as specified in IS875-1987(part I)
3.2 Live Load:
The load assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building, including
the weight of movable partitions, distributed, concentrated loads, load due to impact and
vibration, and dust load but excluding wind, seismic, snow and other loads due to
temperature changes, creep, shrinkage, differential settlement, etc. This analysis covers
imposed loads*(live loads) to be assumed in the design of buildings. The imposed loads,
used in this building analysis, are minimum loads which should be taken into consideration
for the purpose of structural safety of buildings.
These loads are calculated as specified in IS875-1987 (part II)
3.3 Seismic Load:
The force on a structure caused by acceleration induced on its mass by an
earthquake. This load is included in design to determine the extent of seismic reinforcing.
The seismic loads on the structure during an earthquake result from inertia forces which
were created by ground accelerations. The magnitude of these loads is a function of the
following factors: mass of the building, the dynamic properties of the building, the
intensity, duration, and frequency content of the ground motion, and soil-structure
interaction. The analysis method and earthquake loads are calculated as specified in
IS1893-2002

4. Design Methodology
The project provided to us is completed performing each section works in contents below:
4.1 Load Calculation
Load calculation is done using the IS 1893:2002 and NBC105: 1994 as code of standards.
The exact value of unit weights of the materials from the code is used in the calculation.
The thickness of the material is taken as per the design requirement.
4.2 Preliminary Design
Load calculation is done using the IS 1893:2002 and NBC105: 1994 as code of standards.
The exact value of unit weights of the materials from the code is used in the calculation.
The thickness of the material is taken as per the design requirement.
The tentative size of structural elements are determined through the preliminary design so
that after analysis the pre assumed dimensions might not deviate considerably , thus
making the final design both safe and economical . Tentative sizes of various elements
have been determined as follows:
4.2.1 Slab
For slab, preliminary design is done according to deflection criteria span /effective depth
=26*modification factor. (IS456-2000 Art 23.2.1)

4.2.2 Beam
Thumb rule of d=L/12 to L/15 basis is adopted to consider the preliminary design of
the beam
Section b/D=1/2

4.2.3 Column
Preliminary design of column is done consideration and interior column. For the load acting
column, live load is decreased according to IS456-2000 & SP 16.

ETABS 2016 software will be used for the building design and analysis and Excel
spreadsheet will be developed for the design of staircase.
Design of Overhead Water Tank
1. Layout of Overhead Water tank

Generally the shape and size of elevated concrete tanks for economical design depends
upon the functional requirements such as:
a) Maximum depth for water;
b) Height of staging;
c) Allowable bearing capacity of foundation strata and type of foundation suitable;
d) Capacity of tank; and
e) Other site condition

2. Classification and Layout of Elevated Tanks

Based on the capacities of the tank, the possible classification for types of elevated tanks
may be as followed as given in a. to c. for general guidance.
a) For tank up to 50 m3 capacity may be square or circular in shape and supported on
staging three or four columns.
b) Tanks of capacity above 50 m3 and up to 200 m3 may be square or circular in plan and
supported on minimum four columns.
c) For capacity above 200 m3 and up to 800 m3 the tank may be square, rectangular,
circular or intze type tank. The number of columns to be adopted shall be decided based on
the column spacing which normally lies between 3.6 and 4.5 m. For circular, intze or
conical tanks, a shaft supporting structures may be provided.
In the case of this project as the water capacity estimated is 50 m3 so rectangular shape
overhead tank is proposed.

3. Load combination
As per IS 11682:1985 loading combination may be considered as given in IS 456:1978
and IS 875-1964.Both conditions of tank full and tank empty shall be considered.

4. Design of Overhead Tank

Excel spread sheet will be developed based on IS 11682:1985(Criteria for Design of RCC
Staging for Overhead water tanks) for the design of water tank.
Design of Boundary Wall

Retaining wall has been proposed as the boundary wall .The height of retaining wall varies
from 3-8m.There will be brick wall above the retaining wall and the top would be protected
with wire mesh fence with intermediate posts in between.
Following conditions must be satisfied for stability of wall (IS: 456-2000).
It should not overturn
It should not slide
It should not subside, i.e. Max. Pressure at the toe should not exceed the safe bearing
capacity of the soil under working condition
Check against overturning
Factor of safety against overturning = M R / M O 1.55 (=1.4/0.9)
Where, M R =Stabilizing moment or restoring moment
M O =overturning moment
Check against overturning
FOS against sliding = Resisting force to sliding/ Horizontal force causing sliding = W/Pa
1.55 (=1.4/0.9)

Design of StuffingDe stuffing Shed

There are two sizes of stuffing Destuffing shades. Two of 800m2 (32mx25m) in EXIM and
three units of 400m2 (25mx16m) in Domestic has been used. Stuffing destuffing will be simple
structure which consists of raised platform as floor. Truss shed would be provided supported
on columns. It will be a through structure with no infill walls. IS code SP: 38(S&T)-1987 has
been referred for design of truss. Modified Tie runner truss has been used (Configuration of A-
type steel roof trusses).