1.

0 Introduction

Microorganisms such as bacteria are responsible for decomposing organic waste. When
organicmatter such as dead plants, leaves, grass clippings, manure, sewage, or even food waste is
present in awater supply, the bacteria will begin the process of breaking down this waste. When
this happens, muchof the available dissolved oxygen is consumed by aerobic bacteria, robbing
other aquatic organisms of theoxygen they need to live. Biochemical oxygen demand or BOD is
a procedure to determine the amount ofoxygen consumed by the microorganisms in the waste
water chemically. It is commonly used as theindicator to show the cleanliness of the waste water.
2.0 Objective
To measures the strength of the water sample (water, wastewater, etc.) based on the
amount of oxygen needed to stabilize the organic matter in the sample.
To assess the quality of surface waters.
To understand the characteristics of DO contained in water and wastewater.

2.0 Equipment and Material/Reagent

1. 5 units of 300 ml BOD bottles

2. Incubator, capable of maintaining 20 1C

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3. 100 ml beaker

4. 100 ml graduated cylinder

5. 2 units of 25 ml meaning pipettes

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6. DO meter

7. pH meter

8. Phosphate Buffer
Dissolve 8.5 g of2 4, 21.7 g of 2 4 , 33.4 g of 2 4and 1.7 g 4 of in
deionized water. Adjust pH to 7.2, if necessary, with either 1 N 2 4 or NaOH. Dilute
to one liter.

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9. Magnesium Sulphate
Dissolve 22.5 g 4 . 72 and dilute to one liter.

10. Calcium Chloride

Dissolve 27.5 g 2 and dilute to one liter.

11. Ferric Chloride

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 Dissolve 0.25 g 3 . 62 and dilute to one liter.

NOTE: To prepare dilution water, add 1 ml of each of the four solutions listed above to
one liter of deionized water. Saturate with DO by drawing a vacuum through the solution.

4.0 Methods and Procedure

1. 500 ml of waste water is collected from Tasik G3 using a beaker.

2. The sample water is then tested by using pH meter. It is tested to be neutral. The readings
of both pH and temperature are recorded in the Bench Sheet.

However, if the sample is not neutral, pre-treatment process has to be done to neutralize
the sample.Procedure for neutralizing samples:
a) Pour 50 mL of samples into a 100 mL beaker.
b) Measure the pH of the sample using a pH meter. If the pH is out of the range of
pH 6.0 to pH 8.0 continue with steps 3 6, otherwise perform the BOD test on the
untreated sample.

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 c) Add 1 N sulfuric acid if the sample is alkaline, or 1N sodium hydroxide if the
sample is acidic, until the pH reaches 7.0.
d) Calculate the amount of sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide needed to neutralize
1000ml of the sample.
e) Add the calculated amount of acid or base to the sample.
f) Repeat steps 1-5 until the pH test shows pH 7.0.

3. 2 ml of sample water is poured into the first, second and the third bottle. Then, all the
bottle if filled with dilution water until 300ml.Only the last bottle is filled with dilution
water and labelled as Blank 1.
4. A magnetic stirrer is then added into these two bottles respectively. The sample in the
bottle is stirred whilst the DO(Dissolved Oxygen) meter is put into the bottle to get the
DO reading. Repeat this step for the second and third bottle.
5. The readings of DO for all three bottles are recorded in the Bench Sheet as initial DO,
6. The bottles are kept in the BOD incubator and remained around 20.
7. The final DO is recorded after 5 days of the experiment.

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5.0 Results and Analysis

Volume
DO
Sample Sample Sample Dilution Initial DO Final DO BOD
Depletion
Type ID ( mL) Factor (mg/L) ( mg/L) (mg/L)
( mg/L)

Blank
BOD1

Blank
BOD2

Blank
BOD3

Average BOD
( show the calculation)
Cancelled Data/ Result: Average = . mg/L

BOD1 = ... mg/L

BOD2 = ... .mg/L

BOD3 = ... mg/L

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6.0 DATA ANALYSIS
6.1 Calculate for the average BOD?
Average =
6.2 Show all the calculation and state if any of the data needs to throw out.

DO Depletion ( mg/L) = Initial DO Final DO

DO1 = .mg/L
DO2= .mg/L
DO3 = .mg/L

BOD5 = Initial DO Final DO

P

BOD1 = .mg/L
BOD2= .mg/L
BOD3 = .mg/L

8.0 Conclusion

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