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SINGLE PANEL EXAMPLE

TIMBER FRAME RACKING PANEL DESIGN

In accordance with EN1995-1-1:2004+A1:2008 incorporating corrigendum June 2006 and the UK National Annex
incorporating Corrrigendum No.2 and the Published Document PD6693-1:2012 Non-Contradictory Complementary
Information to Eurocode 5.
Tedds calculation version 1.0.02
Compression force of the leeward end of the racking wall shall be checked indepently in combination with the stud buckling
design and the top rail bearing design in accordance with Eurocode 5. For a wall diaphragm with more than two studs within
the 0.1 L of its leeward end in a dwelling of less than three storeys, the compressive force at the leeward end may be
disregarded (clause 21.5.2.10 of PD6693-1).

Single storey racking wall without openings

Wall panel properties

Geometry
Wall height H = 2400 mm
Wall length L = 2950 mm
Width of stud bs = 38 mm
Depth of stud hs = 145 mm
Stud spacing ss = 600 mm
Sheathing layers 1
Timber frame material
Timber material Solid timber
Strength class C16
Characteristic density of timbers k = 310 kg/m3
Sheathing material
Sheathing
Sheathing material and grade OSB/3
Thickness of sheathing ts1 = 9 mm
Characteristic density k1 = 550 kg/m3
Fastener
Fastener wire BRT
Fastener diameter dn1 = 3.1 mm
Fastener length ln1 = 50 mm
Perimeter spacing s1 = 150 mm
Connection to substrate
Sole plate detail Open panel sole plate detail
Holding down restrain No holding down
Characteristic restrain capacity Fhd.k = 0.00 kN

Actions on the wall

Self weight qsw.k = 0.20 kN/m2
Permanent UDL qG.k = 5.15 kN/m
Uplift wind quplift.k = 0.42 kN/m
Horizontal racking load FW.k = 5.00 kN
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qG.k - quplift.k

FW.k

2950

Sole plate fixing detail

Number of shear planes Nsp = 2

Sub-connection 1 - Bottom rail to sole plate, C1

Detail of fastener BRT ring shanked nail 3.1x75 mm
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Characteristic withdrawal capacity Fsp.w.k1 = 0.19 kN

Characteristic shear capacity Fsp.v.k1 = 0.83 kN
Number of fasteners perpendicular to grain nsp1 = 1
Spacing of the fasteners parallel to grain ssp1 = 150 mm
Sub-connection 2 - Sole plate to foundations, C2
Detail of fastener Shot-fired smooth round nail 3.5x70 mm
Characteristic withdrawal capacity Fsp.w.k2 = 0.05 kN
Characteristic shear capacity Fsp.v.k2 = 1.50 kN
Number of fasteners perpendicular to grain nsp2 = 1
Spacing of the fasteners parallel to grain ssp2 = 300 mm

Partial safety factors

Service class conditions cl 2.3.1.3
Racking wall panel SC = 2
Sole plate fixing SCsp = 2
Safety factors Table NA.A1.2(A/B)
Limit state (EQU and STR)
Permanent favourable actions G.fav = 1.00
Limit state (STR/GEO)
Variable unfavourable actions Q.unfav.str = 1.50
Material factors Table NA.3
Sheathing panel M.sht1 = 1.20
Timber in frame M.frame = 1.30
Connections M.conn = 1.30
Modification factors Table 3.1
Timber in the frame kmod.frame = 1.10
Primary sheathing material kmod.sht1 = 0.90
Sheathed frame primary side kmod.wall1 = ( kmod.frame kmod.sht1) = 0.99
Sole plate shear plane 1 kmod.sp1 = 1.10
Sole plate shear plane 2 kmod.sp2 = 1.05

Determination of design fastener capacities

Sole plate fixing fasteners
Shear plane 1
Design withdrawal capacity fsp.w.d1 = Fsp.w.k1 kmod.sp1 nsp1 / (ssp1 M.conn) = 1.08 kN/m
Design lateral load capacity fsp.v.d1 = Fsp.v.k1 kmod.sp1 nsp1 / (ssp1 M.conn) = 4.70 kN/m
Shear plane 2
Design withdrawal capacity fsp.w.d2 = Fsp.w.k2 kmod.sp2 nsp2 / (ssp2 M.conn) = 0.13 kN/m
Design lateral load capacity fsp.v.d2 = Fsp.v.k2 kmod.sp2 nsp2 / (ssp2 M.conn) = 4.05 kN/m
Minimum design withdrawal capacity fsp.w.d = 0.13 kN/m
Minimum design lateral load capacity fsp.v.d = 4.05 kN/m
Primary sheathing to frame nail
Nail diameter dn1 = 3.1 mm
Nail head diameter hn1 = 6.970 mm
Nail length ln1 = 50 mm
Nail Profile Smooth round nail
Headside penetration ts1 = 9 mm
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Pointside penetration
Pointside penetration factor, cl 8.3.2(7)
Embedment strength in panel, cl. 8.3.1.3(3)
Embedment strength in timber, cl. 8.3.1.1(5)
Ratio between embedment strength of members
Characteristic withdrawal in panel, cl. 8.3.2(4)
Characteristic withdrawal in timber, cl. 8.3.2(6)
Characteristic pull-through in panel, cl. 8.3.2(6)
Characteristic withdrawal capacity
Characteristic nail yield moment
Load-carrying capacity of connection
Failure modes for panel to timber connections:
Maximum rope effect contribution - cl. 8.2.2(2)
Failure mode (a)
Failure mode (b)
Failure mode (c)
Failure mode (d)
Failure mode (e)
Failure mode (f)
Characteristic lateral nail shear resistance
Fastener spacing
Design lateral carrying capacity
Design shear for unit length
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tpen1 = ln1 - ts1 = 41 mm
Dps1 = 1
fh.k.hs1 = 65 N/mm2 (ts1 / 1mm)0.1 (dn1 / 1mm)-0.7 = 36.68 N/mm2
fh.k.ps1 = 0.082 N/mm2 k/1kg/m3 (dn1/1mm )-0.3=18.10 N/mm2
1 = fh.k.ps1 / fh.k.hs1 = 0.49
fax.k.hs1 = 20 N/mm2 (k1 / 1kg/m3)2 10-6 = 6.05 N/mm2
fax.k.ps1 = Dps1 20 N/mm2 (k / 1kg/m3)2 10-6 = 1.92 N/mm2
fhead.k1 = 70 N/mm2 (k1 / 1kg/m3)2 10-6 =21.18 N/mm2
Fax.Rk1 = min(fax.k.ps1 dn1 tpen1, (fax.k.hs1 dn1 ts1) + (fhead.k1 hn12)) =
244 N
My.Rk1 = 0.30 Nmm fu1 / 1N/mm2 (dn1 / 1mm)2.6 = 3410 Nmm
NailProfile1 1 = 15 %
failure.mode.a1 = fh.k.hs1 ts1 dn1 = 1.02 kN
failure.mode.b1 = fh.k.ps1 tpen1 dn1 = 2.30 kN
failure.mode.c1 = min((failure.mode.a1 / (1 + 1) [[1 + (2 12 [1
+ ( tpen1 / ts1) + (tpen1 / ts1)2]) + (13 ( tpen1 / ts1)2)] - 1 (1 + (tpen1 / ts1))]
+ (Fax.Rk1 / 4)), (failure.mode.a1 /(1 + 1) [[1 + (2 12 [1 + ( tpen1 /
ts1) + (tpen1 / ts1)2]) + (13 ( tpen1 / ts1)2)] - 1 (1 + (tpen1 / ts1))]
(NailProfile1))) = 0.91 kN
failure.mode.d1 = min((1.05 failure.mode.a1 / (2 + 1) [[(2 1 (1
+ 1)) + (4 1 (2 + 1) My.Rk1 / (failure.mode.a1 ts1))] - 1]) +
(Fax.Rk1 / 4), (1.05 failure.mode.a1 / (2 + 1) [[(2 1 (1 + 1)) + (4
1 (2 + 1) My.Rk1 /(failure.mode.a1 ts1))] - 1]) (NailProfile1)) =
0.63 kN
failure.mode.e1 = min((1.05 fh.k.hs1 tpen1 dn1 / (1 + (2 1)) [[(2
12 (1 + 1)) + (4 1 (1 + (2 1)) My.Rk1 / (fh.k.hs1 tpen12
dn1))] - 1] + (Fax.Rk1 / 4)), (1.05 fh.k.hs1 tpen1 dn1 /(1 + (2 1))
[[(2 12 (1 + 1)) + (4 1 (1 + (2 1)) My.Rk1 / (fh.k.hs1 tpen12
dn1))] - 1] (NailProfile1))) = 1.05 kN
failure.mode.f1 = min((((1.15) ((2 1 / (1 + 1))) ((2 My.Rk1
fh.k.hs1 dn1))) + (Fax.Rk1 / 4)), (1.15) ((2 1 / (1 + 1))) ((2 My.Rk1
fh.k.hs1 dn1)) NailProfile1) = 0.88 kN
Failure mode (d)
Fv.Rk1 = 0.63 kN
s1 = 150 mm
Fv.Rd1 = Fv.Rk1 kmod.wall1 / M.conn = 0.48 kN
fp.d1 = Fv.Rd1 (1.15 m + s1) / (s1 1 m) = 4.18 kN/m
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Total design shear capacity of perimeter fasteners fp.d.t = fp.d1 = 4.18 kN/m

Design loads acting on shear wall

Design permanent udl qG.d = qG.k G.fav = 5.15 kN/m
Self-weight of the wall panel qsw.d = qsw.k H G.fav = 0.47 kN/m
Design wind uplift udl quplift.d = quplift.k Q.unfav.str = 0.63 kN/m
Design horizontal wind load FW.d = FW.k Q.unfav.str = 7.50 kN
Design tension from holding down restrain Fhd.d = Fhd.k kmod.wall1 / M.conn = 0.00 kN
Stabilising moments
Design destabilising moments
Distance to top sheathing hdst.top = bs = 38 mm
Distance to base sheathing hdst.base = H = 2400 mm
Destabilising moment at base Md.dst.base = FW.d hdst.base = 18.00 kNm
Design stabilising moments
Design stabilising vertical load fstb.d = qG.d + qsw.d - quplift.d = 4.99 kN/m
Total vertical load Fstb.d = fstb.d L = 14.73 kN
Stabilising moment Md.stb = 0.5 fstb.d L2 = 21.72 kNm
Net stabilising moment at the base Mn.base = Md.stb - Md.dst.base = 3.72 kNm
Factor of Utilisation Md.dst.base / Md.stb = 0.829
PASS - Design stabilising moment exceeds design destabilising moment at base of the shear wall
Design for sliding stability
Coefficient of friction fr = 0.4
Frictional resistance Ffriction = fr Fstb.d = 5.89 kN
Sole plate shear resistance Fsp.v.d = fsp.v.d L = 11.94 kN
Design horizontal wind load FW.d = 7.50 kN
Sliding resistance Fsliding = Ffriction + Fsp.v.d = 17.83 kN
Factor of Utilisation FW.d / Fsliding = 0.421
PASS - Design sliding resistance exceeds horizontal design wind load

Design racking strength

Opening factor cl 21.2.6
Percentage of opening area over full wall p = At / (H L) = 0.00
Opening factor Kopening = 1 (1.9 p) = 1.00
Panel shape factor cl 21.5.2.5
Ratio of shear capacities = min [1, (fsp.w.d / fp.d.t)] = 0.03
Shape factor Kw = min (1.0,
[1 + (H / ( L))2 + (2 Mn.top / ( fp.d.t L2))]0.5 (H / ( L))) = 0.74
Design racking strength cl 21.5.2
Shear strength of sole plate Fsp.v.d = 11.94 kN
Shear strength of panel Fwall.v.d = Kopening Kw fp.d.t L = 9.16 kN
Design racking strength Fv.d = Fwall.v.d = 9.16 kN
Factor of Utilisation FW.d / Fv.d = 0.819
PASS - Design racking strength exceeds racking load due to wind
Serviceability validation check cl 21.5.2.3
Design load limit for serviceability validation FSLS.lim = 8 kN/m L / H = 9.83 kN/m
Modified load for serviceability validation FSLS.mod = Kw fp.d.t = 3.10 kN/m
Factor of Utilisation FSLS.mod / FSLS.lim = 0.316
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PASS - The condition 21.5.2.3 of PD 6693-1 is met