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Figure 1: (a) Thermal conductivity. (b) Heat transfer scheme. (c) Specific heat.
where Q is heat transfer [W], k is thermal conductivity [W/(m K)], A is area [m2 ], T 1, T 2 are
temperatures on both sides of material [K], x is thickness [m].
The second physical approach is the calorimetry. The main principle of the calorimetry is in
heat transferring from first matter of known weight to second matter of known weight. We need
temperature steady state for reading of specific heat by this temperature. The principle of the
calorimetry is obvious from the Equation (2).
C1 m1 (T1 T )
Q1 = Q2 C1 m1 (T1 T ) = C2 m2 (T T2 ) C2 = , (2)
m2 (T T2 )
where C 1, C 2 are specific heats of both matters [kJ/(kg K)], m 1 , m 2 are weights [kg], T 1, T 2 are
initial temperatures [K], T is the final stable temperature [K]. Equation (2) could be expressed like
Equation (3) corresponds with our experiment configuration on Figure 2.
Q
CP = , (3)
m (T T2 )
where CP is specific heat capacity at constant pressure, Q is heat [W], m is weight [Kg].
Laboratory preparation is displayed in Figure 4. A vacuum within the Plexiglas box is necessary
for good insulation.
The laboratory preparation was stored in constant temperature about 18 C before the measuring
temperature of whole system was 18 C. Measuring was started at time 0 s if the crushed ice was
filled into box. Temperatures T1 , T2 and T3 were measured with thermocouples type E connected
to digital thermometer. Values were saved to the computer. Temperatures T1 , T2 and T3 were
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 12-15, 2013 1683
continuously measured as long as was the system came to steady state. The steady state was came
30 min after beginning of measuring. Temperatures of three boundaries were used for calculation
of thermal conductivity at this moment. T1 = 1.4 C, T2 = 2 C and T3 = 17.2 C. These values were
substitute to Equation (1) and the result is shown below:
T1 T2 1.4 2
|Q| = k A = 14 2.85 105 = 0.0475 J
x 0.005
Q x 0.0475 0.005 W (4)
k= = 5
= 0.55
A (T1 T2 ) 2.85 10 (17.2 2) mK
Thermal conductivity 0.55 W/(m K) at circa 15 C responds to known thermal conductivity of 1%
agar gel. Two regulated heat sources will be added on both sides of laboratory preparation in
next time research. This change allows setup the heat conductor temperature in wide temperature
range. Measurement of specific heat will be also possible then.
3. COMPUTER SIMULATION
A physical model for verification good function of laboratory preparation was created in COMSOL
multiphysics. Steady state temperatures along the whole composition are shown in Figure 5.
4. RESULTS
Real experiment with our laboratory preparation gave us thermal conductivity of 1% agar gel
sample. Obtained value 0.55 W/(m K) at circa 15 C responds to known values.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The main goal of research discrabed in this paper is temperature dependecies meeasurement of
bio-material thermal properties. This properties are very important for next computer simulation
for optimization of hypothermia. The laboratory preparation measures the thermal conductiviti
at one steady state temperature. Two added regulated heat sources will enable measure thermal
conductivity of sample in wide temperature range. This improvement will enable measurement
of specific heat also. Next part of research will be focused on simultaneously measurement of
temperature dependencies of bio-material thermal properties. Final part of this research will be
focused on cryosurgery optimization.
REFERENCES
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