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Ahnaf Ahmed

ID: 17162006
DEV 300: Economics and Development
Assignment #1

Bangladesh and Human Development Index (HDI)

Bangladeshs HDI value for 2015 is 0.579 which put the country in the medium human development
categorypositioning it at 139 out of 188 countries and territories. The rank is shared with Ghana and
Zambia.
Between 1990 and 2015, Bangladeshs HDI value increased from 0.386 to 0.579, an increase of 50.0
percent. Between 1990 and 2015, Bangladeshs life expectancy at birth increased by 13.6 years, mean years
of schooling increased by 2.4 years and expected years of schooling increased by 4.5 years. Bangladeshs
GNI per capita increased by about 159.8 percent between 1990 and 2015.
Bangladeshs 2015 HDI of 0.579 is below the average of 0.631 for countries in the medium human
development group and below the average of 0.621 for countries in South Asia. From South Asia, countries
which are close to Bangladesh in 2015 HDI rank and to some extent in population size are Nepal and
Pakistan, which have HDIs ranked 144 and 147 respectively.
Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI):
Bangladeshs HDI for 2015 is 0.579. However, when the value is discounted for inequality, the HDI falls
to 0.412, a loss of 28.9 percent due to inequality in the distribution of the HDI dimension indices. Nepal
and Pakistan show losses due to inequality of 27.0 percent and 30.9 percent respectively. The average loss
due to inequality for medium HDI countries is 25.7 percent and for South Asia it is 27.7 percent. The
Human inequality coefficient for Bangladesh is equal to 28.6 percent.
It is also interesting to note that Bangladeshs inequality in life expectancy at birth (20%) and inequality in
education (37.3%) is below the South Asian average in both cases 23.9% and 39.5% respectively. But in
terms of inequality of income, it is much higher (28.3%) than that of the South Asian average (17.8%).
Gender Development Index (GDI):
The female HDI value for Bangladesh is 0.556 in contrast with 0.599 for males, resulting in a GDI value
of 0.927, which places the country into Group 3. In comparison, GDI values for Nepal and Pakistan are
0.925 and 0.742 respectively.
Gender Inequality Index (GII):
Bangladesh has a GII value of 0.520, ranking it 119 out of 159 countries in the 2015 index. In Bangladesh,
20.0 percent of parliamentary seats are held by women, and 42.0 percent of adult women have reached at
least a secondary level of education compared to 44.3 percent of their male counterparts. For every 100,000
live births, 176 women die from pregnancy related causes; and the adolescent birth rate is 83.0 births per
1,000 women of ages 15-19. Female participation in the labour market is 43.1 percent compared to 81.0 for
men. In comparison, Nepal and Pakistan are ranked at 115 and 130 respectively on this index.

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