(Aptitude) Time N Distance: Early and Late To Office (Shortcut Using Product Consistency Method) For SSC, IBPS, CSAT, CAT, CMAT - Mrunal

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[Aptitude] Time n Distance: Early and late to o ce (shortcut using
product consistency method) for SSC, IBPS, CSAT, CAT, CMAT
Aptitude (http://mrunal.org/category/aptitude) / 4 years Ago /
47 Comments (http://mrunal.org/2013/01/aptitude-time-n-distance-early-and-late-to-office-shortc
1. Case : Early Late
Approach #1: Product consistency
Approach #2 (STD Table)
2. Case #2: Tappus school
3. Case: Pinkus college (total time given)
4. Mock Questions
5. Answer and explanation
Before proceeding further, make sure your concept regarding product-consistency method
Is clear. If not, then go through my previous article click me
(http://mrunal.org/2013/01/aptitude-product-consistency-shortcuts-ssc-ibps-csat-cat.html)
Case : Early Late
Jethalal goes to shop at the speed 30 km/h, and he reaches six minutes early. Next day he
goes at the speed of 24 km/h, and he reaches five minutes late. Find the distance between his
home and shop.
This can be solved with any of the two approaches
1. Approach #1: Product consistency

2. Approach #2: STD table.
Let me rephrase the question:

Price of sugar is increased from 24 per kg to 30 per kg and now Jethalal is buying 11/60
kilograms sugar less (in the same budget). What was his original consumption?
Does it ring any bell with previous sums of product Consistency? Yep, thats our approach.
Prepare this table, plug in the speed values in ascending order
Slow speed Fast speed
Speed km/h 24 30
Ratio-reversed (Time)
What is the time difference between these two cases?

suppose on regular speed, Jethalal used to reach office @10 AM
on slow speed, he is 5 minutes late=10.05AM
on fast speed he is 6 minutes early=09.54 minutes
so the time difference between slow speed and fast speed = 11 minutes.
in the exam, just add the two minutes given to you (6+5)=11 and since speed is given in km/h,
weve to convert 11 minutes into hours =11/60 hours.
Speed km/h 24 30
Ratio-reversed (Time)
Now apply the product consistency method:

Take ratio of 24/30
=(6 x 4)/ (6 x 5)
=4/5
Reverse it.=5/4. Update the table
Speed km/h 24 30
Ratio-reversed (Time) 5 4
So, when speed is increased, what is the decrease in time?

5 to 4
=(5-4)/5 x 100
=20% (or just keep it in fraction form of 1/5)
Meaning new time is 20% less than time.
suppose during slow speed, he took M time.
Then in fast speed hell take M minus 20% of M time.
That means difference between two situations is 20% of m
but weve already inferred that time difference between two situations is 11/60 hours
therefore 20% of m=11/60
or in other words
1/5 x m=11/60
M=115/60
M=11/12 hours.
This is the time he takes during slow speed, to reach his destination
Now just apply STD formula
(slow) Speed x time = distance
24 x 11/12 = distance
Hence distance = 22 kms.
This technique looks odd but It is very fast once you practice.
Thought process in the exam
You dont even need to draw table. Just think in your head, speed is decreased from 24 to 30
so reverse ratio is 30/24=5/4
And hence decrease from 5 to 4 is (5-4)/5=1/5.
It means 1/5th of (slow) time =(6+5)/60
Hence time = 11x 5/60
Hence distance = just multiple time with slow speed
=11 x 5 x (24)/60
=22 km.
Now lets try solving It, using the
Case 1 Case 2
Speed 24 30
Time ? ?
Distance D D
Weve ssumed that in both cases, he has to cover same distance D kms.
Apply STD formula in column 1 (case 1)
Speed x time = distance
Therefore time = distance / speed = D/24
Similarly for case2, we get time=D/30
Update table
Case 1 Case 2
Speed 24 30
Time D/24 D/30
Distance D D
From the question, we can infer that time difference between two cases is (6+5=11 minutes
=11/60 hours)
Therefore
D/24-D/30=11/60
Simplify this equation and you get D=22 kms.
Please note: in the fractions, D/24 is >greater than> D/30
Thats why I did D/24-D/30=11/60
Lets try second question with both methods
Case #2: Tappus school
Tappu walks from home to school @5kmph and reaches 15 minutes early. After the school is
over, he walks back from school to home @3kmph and reaches 9 minutes late. Find distance
between his home and school.
The question is talking about two times: 15 minutes early and 9 minutes late.
Therefore total time difference between two situation =15+9=24 minutes=24/60 hrs.
Speed km/h 3 5
What is the percentage decrease in time?
(5-3)/5
=2/5 (=40% decrease)
Thats it. If time taken during slow speed =m
Then 2/5th of m=24/60 hours (the time difference between two cases)
Hence M=1 hour (=time taken during slow speed)
Now speed x time = distance
3 (slow speed) x1= distance
Therefore distance between Tappus school and home is 3 kms.
Speed km/h 3 5
Time ?? ??
Distance D D
Apply STD formula in each column you get

Speed x time =distance
Time = distance / speed
Time = D/3 in first case and D/5 in second case update table
Speed km/h 3 5
Time D/3 D/5
Distance D D
The time difference between two situations is (15+9)=24 minutes=24/60 hours

Therefore
D/3 D/5=24/60
Solve this equation and you get D=3 kms
Meaning distance between Tappus school and home is 3 kms
Now lets try a bit complicated case
Case: Pinkus college (total time given)
Pinku goes to college @ speed of 3 kmph and returns back @2kmph.He spends total 5 hours
in walking. What is the distance between his home and college?
Slow speed , fast speed = 2 and 3 km respectively.
Speed km/h 2 3
What is the decrease % in time? (3-2)/3= 1/3 (=33.33%)

It means if Pinku take M hours during slow speed.
Hed take M minus 33.33% of M hours during fast speed.
Therefore, total time (taken to goto college and come back)
=m + m -33.33% of m
=2m-m/3 (because 33.33%=1/3)
=(6m-m)/3
=5m/3
And we know that total time is 5 hours
therefore 5m/3=5 hours
hence m=3 hours. (time taken during slow speed)
Apply STD
Speed x time = distance
2 (slow speed) x 3 (time)=distance
Hence distance=6 km
Thought process in the exam
Speed increased from 2 to 3, therefore reverse ratio is 3/2 and %decrease in time is 1/3.
Pinkus Total time is given 5 hours, therefore
M + m -(1/5)m=5 hours. Solve it and multiple with slow speed, youll get the distance.
Mock Questions
1. Gogi walks from home to school @2.5kmph and he is 6 minutes late. Next day he
increases speed by 1 kmph and reaches 6 minutes early. Find distance between home
and school?
2. Sonu walks @6kmph and late to college by 5 minutes. If she walks @5kmph, she is late by
30 minutes. Find total distance. (please note: since shes late in both cases the time
difference is 30-5=25 minutes. rest approach is same)
Answer and explanation
1. Gogi school
Question is talking about two speeds : 2.5 and (2.5+1.0)=3.5 kmphs
Speed km/h 2.5 3.5
Whats the decrease in time %

From 7 to 5,
=(7-5)/7
=2/7
Suppose during slow speed case, Gogi takes m hours to reach school.
In fast case, hell do it in less time =m 2/7 of m.
but from question, we already know that time difference between two cases =6+6=12
minutes=12/60 hrs
it means 2/7 of m=12/60 hours
therefore m=7/10 hours :This is the time taken during slow speed.
Multiply it with slow speed and youll get the distance.
Distance
= 7/10 x 2.5
= 7/4 kms.
2. Sonu college
Speed km/h 5 6
So % decrease in time
=(6-5)/6
=1/6
Therefore 1/6 of slow time (m)= 25/60 hrs.
M=25 x 6/60 hrs
Multiply it with slow speed (5) and you get distance
Distance
=speed x time
=5 x 25 x 6/60
=25/2
=12.5 km distance between home and college.
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So far 47 Comments posted

REPLY (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2013/01/APTITUDE-TIME-N-DISTANCE-EARLY-AND-LATE-TO-
OFFICE-SHORTCUT-USING-PRODUCT-CONSISTENCY-METHOD-FOR-SSC-IBPS-CSAT-CAT-
CMAT.HTML?REPLYTOCOM=29024#RESPOND)
sanjay
mrunal please suggest strategy for IFS(Forest) exam General studies
paper.please help me
manish
murnal sir you have been doing an edifying service to the pupils and
good thereof.moreover, i want you to tell me the name of the book
covering the portion of number system ,taking in view the SSC exam.
regards
manish
REPLY (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2013/01/APTITUDE-TIME-N-DISTANCE-EARLY-AND-LATE-
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CAT-CMAT.HTML?REPLYTOCOM=29095#RESPOND)
Mrunal (http://mrunal.org)
In SSC exams, the questions on number system / remainder
problem, are asked from very limited concepts and I aim to cover
those concepts in upcoming articles. so no need to get any special
book.
There are books like Nishth Sinhas Demystifying number system
but it goes way too deep from CAT point of view.
REPLY (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2013/01/APTITUDE-TIME-N-DISTANCE-EARLY-
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Avish
Sir,how does the ratio of speed ..gives the increase and
decrease in tym ??
Anshuman Rai
Thanks sir. I found the second method of solving it better. quickly
D/Time and equating it to time gap. Thanks for both the methods.
Pratik Kumbhani
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Himanshu Verma
(http://Himanshu.singh7216@gmail.com)
Thank you..bt i thnk ssc cgl is going to be more tougher this tym
Anuraag Singh
Hi Mrunal Good Job Dear!!
I have been following your blog since 2 years now. 2 months ago
someone told me about the Featured Articles Section of the Press
Information Bureau. I have started reading the articles on a daily basis,
apart from your articles. can you tell me if this is going to do any good??
As the Articles are written by serving Bureaucrats and Freelance writers,
they give you very important info-nuggets as well as the viewpoint of the
Government on a variety of issues related to Governmental activities.
Please Check them Out and let me know. This query is not only for
Mrunal. any advice or suggestion is welcome.
Waiting for your reply!!!
Abhimanyu
yeah definitely bro
neha
hi murnal sir
plz help me. im confused as to which book should i choose, RAJESH
VERMA or SARVESH KUMAR for quantitative aptitude of SSC CGL. im very
poor in maths.
Either book is fine. It depends on your career choice.
if it is SSC-CMAT-CAT type then go for Sarvesh Kumar
If it is SSC-IBPS-LIC type then go for Rajesh Verma.
Regarding maths, start with NCERT textbooks first and get concept
clarity, then maths wouldnt look that tough.
read this article for more:
http://mrunal.org/2013/01/studyplan-ssc-cgl-maths-quantitative-
aptitude-algebra-trigonometry-approach-booklist-sources-free-
studymaterial-combined-graduate-level-exam-tier-1-2.html#105
(http://mrunal.org/2013/01/studyplan-ssc-cgl-maths-quantitative-
aptitude-algebra-trigonometry-approach-booklist-sources-free-
studymaterial-combined-graduate-level-exam-tier-1-2.html#105)
izaz
sir,
please can you give me tricks to solve the profit and loss tuff problems
and also percentages.
it is given in the http://www.Mrunal.org/aptitude
(http://www.Mrunal.org/aptitude)
Lady Nightingale
other way to solve such question is to follow question language .like in
topmost question regarding jetalal..
let distance be x km and speed be u km/hr.
from 1st part of question-

s/u-s/30=6/60.eqn-1
from 2nd part of quesn

s/24-s/u=5/60..eqn-2
now from eqn-1put s/u value in eqn-2 and we get

s/24- s/30- 6/60= 5/60
s(5-4)/120= 11/60
s=11*120/60= 22kms. is the ans.
anonymous kashmiri
sir is pearsons book fr csat better than tmh?
Ther hv been sm negatv reviwz abou TMH,,,so i m n a fix wch book to
buy?
I hv ample tym leftso plz help me out
if anybdy else wnts to giv hz/hr sugstn n ds matr i wl b thankful
yogesh
STD Approach is fantastic.
Ankit SIngh
Sir,,,
plzzz also explain the questions in which speed is not given and only
told that speed is increased or decreased ,,,, also late or early time is
given and we have to find the distance .
solution Like above methods(atleast by first method).
give me a sample question.
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ankit singh
A man covered a certain distance at some speed.Had he
moved 3 kmph faster,he would have taken 40 minutes less.
If he had moved 2 kmph slower, he would have taken 40
minutes more. The distance (in Km) is :
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REPLYTOCOM=37539#RESPOND)
Sudeep
Let distance = D, speed= S, time taken = T (formula, we
know S*T=D)
Lets assume the man covered the distance twice(2D),
one D with S+3 kmph and another D with S-2 kmph
So, D + D = (S+3) (T-40) + (S-2) (T+40)
2D = ST + 3T 40S 120 + ST 2T + 40S 80

==> 2D = 2ST + T -200
But ST = D,
So T-200 = 2D-2D = 0
==> T = 200 min
Now with S+3 speed, time taken = 200-40 = 160

and with S-2 speed, time taken = 200+40 = 240 now
we have problem in our earlier format.. solve it.. You
will get D, distance = 40 km
sankar
A man covered a certain distance at some
speed.Had he moved 3 kmph faster,he would
have taken 30 minutes less. If he had moved 2
kmph slower, he would have taken 20 minutes
more. The distance (in Km) is ///now would you
solve in above method??
amit
the best simple rule
[(24*30)*(5+6)]/[(24~30)*60]=22
lily dutta
thanks 4 ur article sir,m little bit weak in English and arithmetic,plz
suggest me which book ill usefull 4 me to improve in these area,as m
preparing 4 competitive xam
G.A.suryaYour Good Name (

?)
1111=right side fist number right firstnumber.this result left
side 11 1=12 1 =121 . if 1212 you can add the last number 2 to
the left side of the number.this is surya-9705701141
deepa
sir plz upload some cubes problems also.
Raghav
Sir Pls guide me regarding SBI PO, here they are including marketing,
computer, data interpretation etc beside other usual stuff
Yagya
Assume distance = x
Time = y
Follow the question, if t min early then time = y-t

If late then = y t
Make 2 equations in form of distance=speed*time then,
We know distance will remain same,so equal both equations.

You will get ans.
santu (http://gmail.com)
sir,
plz help me with the information (necessary link) about cds ssb
interview..
sir plz reply.
smit
if we take the problem as..
appu walks from home to school @5kmph and reaches 9 minutes late.
After the school is over, he walks back from school to home @3kmph
and reaches 15 minutes late. Find distance between his home and
school.
Abubakkar Sithik
Hi Mrunal, Thank above has been given all information .This site is ever
use in my life.this site not only improving exam but also increase our
knowledge
ISSHU
A man covered a certain distance at some speed. Had he moved 3 kmph
faster, he would have taken 40 minutes less. If he had moved 2 kmph
slower, he would have taken 40 minutes more. The distance (in km) is:
Mudasir
Dear ISSUE,
Let total distance covered be D,
total time taken T and average speed be S
Now, S=D/T or
D =S*T
Ist case:
Ddistance is same,speed increased from S to (S+3) and time
decreased from Tto (T-40/60)=T-2/3=(3T-2)/3
D=(S+3)(3T-2/3)
3D=3ST-2S+9T-6
3D-3ST=-2S+9T-6
0+2S=9T-6
Bcoz, 3 speed*time=3 distance
2S=(9T-6) -i
2nd case
distance is same D,speed reduced to (S-2), time increased to
(3T+2)/3
D=(S-2)(3T+2)/3
3D=3ST+2S-6T-4
3D-3D-2S=-6T-4
(-2S=-6T-4)*-
S=(6T+4)/2 -ii
put the value of S in =n i ,we get
S=12 and T=10/3
D=12*10/3
D=40 ans
john pk
M + m -(1/5)m=5 hours. Solve it and multiple with slow speed, youll get
the distance.
sir i think there is a error it should be M + m -(1/3)m=5 hours. Solve it

and multiple with slow speed, youll get the distance.
Mudasir
Another way to do it is D/2+D/3=5
D=6
Rahul
guys y complicate things use this
(x/5) + ( 15 / 60 ) = (x/3) (9/ 60) . solve for x..thats your ans for tappu
(x/30) + ( 6 / 60 ) = (x/24) (5/60) . solve for x..thats your ans for Jethalal
goes to shop
ARJUN SINGH
Sir it can be solved by different formula which goes to..S1.S2/S1-
S2.T1+T2/60.where s1,s2 r speeds,n t1,t2 time for late and early..n it
consume lots of timee during exam..
Dharamvirsinh
Sir, I tried a lot but couldnt found std table and pipe cistern article.can
u please proved me a link for that?
sib
Mrunal Ji u saved a lot of bucks of the pooru are doing a marvellous
and kind job..If there are websites like yours then surely all coaching
business will be at dawnjust take care of u as u might have made a lot
of enemies in the country
Akash
Hello Sir,
I applied STD table in Pinkus college question but not working out to be
a correct answer. Please help
hafis
hi mrunal sir,
please direct me by giving the link for pipes and cistern article.
Thanks
amrit
thanku this is very helpful mrunal sir.
Illaventhan
When Kiran drives a car at a s peed of 55 km/hr towards his office, he
reaches l ate by 20 minutes ;
but if he driv es at a s peed of 70 km/hr, he reaches earl y by 15 minutes
. Find the usual time that
he takes to reach his office exactly on time? please anyone slove this
Ajay Kumar
Sir help for this question
a man covered a certain distance at some speed. had he moved 3kmph

faster, he would have taken 40 minutes less. if he had moved 2 kmph
slower, he would have taken 40 minutes more. the distance is ?/
asha
a persong is going in a car at 30kmph reaches his ofdice t1 minutes late.
if he goes at 40kmph reaches there t2 minutes earlier. how far is the
office from his house?
gaurav
dear sir can you post ODIA literature optional subject note please .
vimal
If a train runs at 40 km/h, it reaches the destination late by 11 mins. But
if it runs at 50 km/h, it is late by 5 mins only. The correct time for the
train to complete its journey is ? use product constancy mehod
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(Aptitude) Time N Distance: Early and Late To Office (Shortcut Using Product Consistency Method) For SSC, IBPS, CSAT, CAT, CMAT - Mrunal

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Case : Early Late

1. Approach #1: Product consistency

Approach #1: Product consistency

Let me rephrase the question:

What is the time difference between these two cases?

Slow speed Fast speed

Now apply the product consistency method:

Slow speed Fast speed

So, when speed is increased, what is the decrease in time?

Thought process in the exam

Approach #2 (STD Table)

Time D/24 D/30

Case #2: Tappus school

Approach #1: Product consistency

Slow speed Fast speed

Approach #2 (STD Table)

Slow speed Fast speed

Apply STD formula in each column you get

Slow speed Fast speed

Time D/3 D/5

The time difference between two situations is (15+9)=24 minutes=24/60 hours

Slow speed Fast speed

What is the decrease % in time? (3-2)/3= 1/3 (=33.33%)

Thought process in the exam

Answer and explanation

Question is talking about two speeds : 2.5 and (2.5+1.0)=3.5 kmphs

Slow speed Fast speed

Speed km/h 2.5 3.5

Whats the decrease in time %

Slow speed Fast speed

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So far 47 Comments posted

from 1st part of question-

from 2nd part of quesn

now from eqn-1put s/u value in eqn-2 and we get

solution Like above methods(atleast by first method).

So, D + D = (S+3) (T-40) + (S-2) (T+40)

2D = ST + 3T 40S 120 + ST 2T + 40S 80

Now with S+3 speed, time taken = 200-40 = 160

G.A.suryaYour Good Name (

Follow the question, if t min early then time = y-t

We know distance will remain same,so equal both equations.

sir i think there is a error it should be M + m -(1/3)m=5 hours. Solve it

a man covered a certain distance at some speed. had he moved 3kmph

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