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cos x 1
b) lim
x0 x
cos 0.001 1 cos x 1
0.0005 lim =0 (**)
0.001 x 0 x
B Derivative of sin x Ex 3. Differentiate.
a) x 3 sin x
(sin x)' = cos x (1) ( x 3 sin x)' = ( x 3 )' sin x + x 3 (sin x)' = 3 x 2 sin x + x 3 cos x
Proof:
sin( x + h) sin x ex
(sin x)' = lim b)
h 0 h sin x
'
sin x cos h + cos x sin h sin x e x e x sin x e x cos x e x (sin x cos x)
= lim
h 0 h sin x = sin 2 x
=
sin 2 x
cos h 1 sin h
= sin x lim + cos x lim
h 0 h h 0 h c) ln sin x
Use now the limits (*) and (**): (sin x)' cos x
(sin x)' = sin x(0) + cos x(1) = cos x (ln sin x)' = =
sin x sin x
C Derivative of sin f ( x) Ex 5. Differentiate.
Using (1) and chain rule: a) sin x 2
sin x 2 = (cos x 2 )( x 2 )' = 2 x cos x 2
[sin f ( x)]' = (cos f ( x)) f ' ( x ) (2)
b) sin e x
(sin e x )' = (cos e x )(e x )' = e x cos e x
1
c) sin
ln x
'
1 1 1
sin ln x = cos ln x [(ln x) ]'
1
cos
1 2 ln x
= cos (1)(ln x) (ln x)' = 2
ln x x ln x
b) cos 4 x
[cos f ( x)]' = [sin f ( x)] f ' ( x) (4) [cos(sin x)]' = [ sin(sin x)](sin x)' = (cos x) sin(sin x)
1
b) cos
x2
' '
1 1 1 2 1
cos 2 = sin 2 2 = 3 sin 2
x x x x x
2
c) cos(e x )
2 2 2 2 2
[cos(e x )]' = [sin(e x )](e x )' = [sin(e x )](e x )(2 x)
2 2
= 2 xe x sin(e x )
c) tan x 2 + 1
( x 2 + 1)' 1 2x
(tan x 2 + 1)' = =
2 2 2
cos x +1 cos x +1 2 x2 +1
2
x
=
x + 1 cos 2 x 2 + 1
2
Ex 8. Find the equation of the tangent line to the Ex 9. Find the points of inflection for f ( x) = cos 2 x over the
graph of y = f ( x) = sin x at ( / 4,1 / 2 ) . interval [0, ] .
f ' ( x) = cos x
m = cos( / 4) = 1 / 2 f ' ( x) = 2 cos x(cos x)' = 2 sin x cos x
1 1 f ' ' ( x) = 2(sin x)' cos x 2 sin x(cos x)'
y = x
2 2 4 = 2 cos 2 x + 2 sin 2 x
1 1 f ' ' ( x) = 0 sin 2 x = cos 2 x tan 2 x = 1 tan x = 1
y = x+ 1
2 2 4 3
f ' ' ( x) = 0 at ,
4 4
1 3 1
The inflection points are: , and ,
4 2 4 2
Ex 10. Find the global extrema for Ex 11. Consider the following position function:
f ( x) = x + cos x, 0 x 2 . t
s (t ) = 5 sin .
10
f ' ( x) = 1 sin x
2
f ' ( x) = 0 when sin x = 1 x = / 2 Prove that: a(t ) + s (t ) = 0 .
100
f ( / 2) = / 2
f (0) = 1 t t t
v(t ) = s ' (t ) = 5 cos ' = cos
f (2 ) = 2 + 1 10 10 2 10
The global maximum point is (2 ,2 + 1) . t t 2 t
a(t ) = v ' (t ) = (1) sin ' = sin
The global minimum point is (0,1) . 2 10 10 20 10
2 2 t
2
t
a(t ) + s (t ) = sin + (5) sin = 0
100 20 10 100 10