1.

1 Introduction to Evolution:
EQ: How do organisms evolve?
First half of lecture is background history - not note necessary
Natural Selection: What it is, how it works
Fitness: What it means
Who evolves? How?
What does it mean to adapt? How does this happen?
Examples of natural selection
Selective pressures
Common ancestry (and how natural selection relates)
Difference between natural selection and artificial selection (similarities too!)

1.2: Evolutionary Forces:

EQ: Why does evolution of organisms occur and how does evolution affect a population over time?
Understand the definition of evolution - be able to read the graphs/images on the lecture
Understand the four ways evolution can occur. Explain their similarities and differences
Natural selection, Genetic Drift, Gene Flow and Sexual Selection
Be able to read all images and graph on the lecture
Know this vocab:
Coevolution
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Natural Selection
Bottleneck effect
Founder effect
Sexual selection
Sexual dimorphism
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Directional selection

1.3: Evidence for Evolution:

EQ: How does evidence from various scientific disciplines support the theory of evolution (and refute criticisms of the
theory)?
Understand each type of evidence and how it supports the theory:
Fossils (know transitional fossils and their significance)
Comparative anatomy (know homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial organs and
embryology)
Molecular record
Biogeography
Observed evolution (know examples - industrial melanism, antibiotic resistance)
Understand evolution is not goal oriented - what dictates evolution?

1.4: Measuring Evolution

EQ: How do we know evolution is happening? How can we measure (quantitatively) that evolution is occurring?
Know the difference between individuals and populations when discussing evolution.
Understand why variation is needed (and how it comes about).
Know the vocab:
Allele
Gene
Dominant
Recessive
Homozygous
 Heterozygous
Population
Review the ways evolution occurs (gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection [i.e. mutation])
Need to know the hardy-weinberg equation.
Need to know the variables
Need to know how to solve it
Need to know why we use it (practical application)

1.5: Classification
EQ: How do we determine evolutionary relationships?
Know the three domains
Understand nomenclature (genus and species)
Understand the domains are least specific, while species is the most specific
Know what a phylogeny is
What is a molecular clock? How is it used?
What is a cladogram? How do we make it?
Understand monophyletic, paraphyletic, polyphyletic

1.6: Speciation
EQ: What is a species and how does evolutionary change lead to the development of a new species?
Understand that speciation = reproductive isolation (what does this mean?)
Understand the ways that speciation can occur:
Allopatric
Sympatric
Know what a hybrid zone is and why it is important
Understand barriers that exist between species (that lead them to be reproductively isolated)
Prezygotic
Habitat
Temporal
Behavioral
Mechanical
Gametic
Postzygotic:
Reduced hybrid viability
Reduced hybrid fertility
Hybrid breakdown
Know some of the examples at the end of the lecture - important to be able to pull examples at all times

1.7: Origin of Life

EQ: How did life begin and evolve thereafter?
Know the four steps of life beginning:
Formation of biological molecules (know the Stanley Miller experiment)
Proto-cells
Information molecule (know the RNA world hypothesis)
Reproduction
Understand that the first organisms were photosynthetic (need to know the basic equation of photosynthesis) =
cyanobacteria
This lead to an oxygen boom!
Oxygenation of Earth led to organisms respiring (need to know the basic equation of cellular respiration)
Understand the evolution of eukaryotes through endosymbiosis (relate this to selective pressures)
Know the significance of chloroplasts and mitochondria