Undergrounding

Undergrounding is the replacement of overhead cables providing electrical

power or telecommunications, with underground cables. This is typically performed
for aesthetic purposes, but also serves the additional significant purpose of making the power lines
less susceptible to outages during high wind thunderstorms.

Undergrounding can increase the initial costs of electric power transmission and distribution but
may decrease operational costs over the lifetime of the cables.

Advantages
Less subject to damage from severe weather conditions (mainly lightning, and wind)
Reduced range of electromagnetic fields (EMF) emission, into the surrounding area. However
depending on the depth of the underground cable, greater emf may be experienced. The electric
current in the cable conductor produces a magnetic field, but the closer grouping of underground
power cables reduces the resultant external magnetic field and further magnetic shielding may
be provided. See Electromagnetic radiation and health.
Underground cables need a narrower surrounding strip of about 110 meters to install (up to 30
m for 400 kV cables during construction), whereas an overhead line requires a surrounding strip
of about 20200 meters wide to be kept permanently clear for safety, maintenance and repair.
Underground cables pose no hazard to low flying aircraft or to wildlife.
Much less subject to conductor theft, illegal connections, sabotage, and damage from armed
conflict.
Burying utility lines makes room for more large trees on sidewalks, which convey environmental
benefits and increase property values

Cable cars

cable car is a type of cable transportation used for mass transit where rail cars are hauled by a
continuously moving cable running at a constant speed. Individual cars stop and start by releasing
and gripping this cable as required. Cable cars are distinct from funiculars, where the cars are
permanently attached to the cable, and cable railways, which are similar to funiculars, but where the
rail vehicles are attached and detached manually.
Cable cars
Philippine Cities: History of Naga City
Naga City has roots from the early native settlers who were able to
establish a thriving community along two rivers. Well take a look at
the founding and early history of Naga City, one of the premiere
cities of the Philippines.
Naga City derives its name from the tough and robust narra
trees that was abundant in the area before the citys
establishment. The early local Filipino settlers established a
trading village here. The place was well known for trade and the
communitys advanced weaponry and technology at the time.
In 1573 Juan de Salcedo led the Spanish expedition to what we know
now as Naga City. Captain Salcedo and the Spanish troops were
quite surprised to find this flourishing village with such technology
of the day. The culture of the village was quite different and a bit
sophisticated and modern.
About two years later, in 1575, a new city was founded in the said
location. Captain Pedro de Chaves of Spain and commander of
the Spanish garrison in Naga named the city as C iudad de
Caceres. It is presently located on Naga Citys business
center.
The name of the city was in honor of the current governor general
who was a native of Caceres City in Spain. It held the name for
quite some time and was even mentioned at the 1595 p apal bull.
Life went on and the city and the town that the locals established
became one community. The name Nueva Caceres was used to
identify the now merged community and became a city under
Spanish law and became one of the first few Spanish cities in t he
Philippines.
In 1898 Elias Angeles and Felix Plazo led a successful revolt which
resulted in the Spanish forces retreating to Iloilo Province. This
little victory wasnt meant to last long however.
A couple of years later, American forces invaded Camari nes Sur in
1900 and entered Naga City. The revolutionary soldiers of the
Philippines in the area of Naga City were forced to surrender in 1901
due to sickness among their forces.
In 1941 Naga City was invaded by the Japanese Imperial Army. But
the Japanese occupation of Naga City didnt last long. In 1945 the
Japanese forces in Naga City was defeated by the American troops
and the local guerilla fighters. Naga City was officially declared as a
city in 1948.
Naga City today remains as a great place to visit. Naga City has
survived a lot of difficult times and will still remain a bright
monument of the early beginnings of the Philippines.
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