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Cooldt calculate the cooling duration of a multi-layers pipe in a cold environment. The duration to reach the Final fluid
temperature or cool-down time (CDT) is calculated by solving the heat equation in cylindrical coordinates with a flux
conservative formulation.
Layer 1
Warm
Layer 2
fluid
A typical plot of initial, final temperature profiles and the temperature decay at the fluid / solid interface is shown below.
Figure 2: Initial, final temperature profiles and temperature decay at the fluid / solid interface
2 Requirements
Gnu/Linux or Windows (or any operating system if you compile Cooldt from source)
Recommended: LibreOffice or Excel
Optional: Gnuplot
3 Install Cooldt
Download Gnu/Linux 64 bits or Windows 32/64 bits binaries version and extract the archive.
To install the Excel Add-in, follow instructions from the link below.
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel-help/load-or-unload-add-in-programs-HP010096834.aspx
For the 32 bits version of Excel select cooldt.xll and for the 64 bits version of Excel select cooldt-w64.xll. No administrative
privilege are required to install it.
4 Run Cooldt
The cooldt executable and the spreadsheet must be in the same folder and the decimal separator must be the point (.)
On Windows, Cooldt can not run on an UNC path (i.e. a path starting with \\). Map your UNC path, or run Cooldt from a local
drive to solve this problem
The data file is a text file with numbers separated by spaces or tabs. The file format is presented in the table below:
Several files can be processed in one command, e.g. type cooldt file-1.dat file-2.dat file-3.dat to process
three files.
5.1 Gnu/Linux
Requirements:
Windows 32 bits build: MinGW gcc and g++ http://www.mingw.org/
Windows 64 bits build: MinGW-w64 gcc and g++ http://mingw-w64.sourceforge.net/
Gnu/Linux build: gcc http://gcc.gnu.org/
Build commands:
Gnu/Linux build: make -f Makefile
Windows 32 bits build: make -f Makefile PLATFORM=WIN32
Windows 64 bits build: make -f Makefile PLATFORM=WIN64
All Cooldt 2 binary releases have been built on Gnu/Linux with gcc, i586-mingw32msvc-gcc, i586-mingw32msvc-g++,
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc and x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ version 4.6.3.
5.2 MS Windows
Requirements:
Windows 32 bits build: MinGW gcc and g++ http://www.mingw.org/
Windows 64 bits build: MinGW-w64 gcc and g++ http://mingw-w64.sourceforge.net/
I recommend:
To use the tdm installer for MinGW-w64 http://tdm-gcc.tdragon.net/
To install MinGW and/or MinGW-w64 in paths without spaces (i.e. not in C:\Program Files)
It is possible to install both MinGW and MinGW-w64 e.g. in C:\mingw32 and C:\mingw64 respectively. If so:
It is useless to install mingw32-make with MinGW-w64 (it is included with MinGW 32 bits)
Because both C:\mingw32\bin and C:\mingw64\bin are defined in %PATH%, use non ambiguous compilers names like
mingw32-gcc.exe and x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe
Build commands:
Windows 32 bits build: mingw32-make -f MakefileWindows.mak PLATFORM=WIN32
Windows 64 bits build: mingw32-make -f MakefileWindows.mak PLATFORM=WIN64
If you have Code::Blocks installed, open the project file Cooldt.cbp and select one of these targets:
Windows 32 bits build: WIN32
Windows 64 bits build: WIN64
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following
conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Benjamin DEGLO DE BESSES "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Benjamin DEGLO DE BESSES OR
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
r=0
The equation (8) can be rearranged and Si the surface of the cell i appears
Si
Ti
(r r2
)
i +1/ 2
2
i1 /2 i Cpi p+1
=i1 p+1
/ 2 i +1/ 2
(10)
t
And
0=S 0 0 Cp 0 (13)
And
2 r 1 / 2 k 1 / 2
0= (14)
r1
The equation (11) is equivalent to
0 p1
T 0 T 0p = 0 T 1p1T 0p 1 (15)
t
Consequently
B0 C0 D0
T T
[ 0 + t 0 ] t 0 +
[ t 0 ] t 1 = p p
0 (T 1 T 0 )
(16)
And
2 r i 1 / 2 k i 1/ 2
i= = i1 (19)
r i r i 1
And
2 r i1/ 2 k i1/ 2
i = (20)
r i 1r i
If
N =S N N Cp N (25)
And
2 r N 1/ 2 k N 1 /2
N = = N 1 (26)
r N r N 1
And
N =2 r N hambient (27)
[ ] [ ][ ]
B0 C 0 0 0 T0
D0
A 1 B1 C 1 0 T1
D1
0 1
Ai Bi Ci = Di
t Ti (30)
0
0 AN 1 B N 1 C N 1 D
T N 1 N 1
0 0 AN BN D
TN N
T i
t
This non-symmetric tri-diagonal diagonally-dominant system is solved with a Thomas algorithm (see [3] for details).
The virtual1 temperature at the fluid/solid interface is supposed to be the initial temperature
[ # i ] T i [ i ] T i1=[ # ] T initial with i = number of fluid cells (32)
With
2 ri k i
# = with i = number of fluid cells (33)
r i r i 1/ 2
The temperature gradient in solid layers is given by
[i ] T i1[ i i ] T i [ i ] T i1=0 for i > number of fluid cells (34)
A non-symmetric tri-diagonal system is build with (32), (34) and (35) then solved with a Thomas algorithm (see [3] for details) to
generate the initial temperature profile.
The steady state numerical solution match the analytic solution by design.
Ti
T ip1=T ip t (36)
t
10.3
10.2
9.9
9.8
9.7
5 50 500
Time step (s)
7.6 References
[1]. Bernard Eyglunent, Manuel De Thermique - Thorie Et Pratique, 2me dition, Hermes Science Publications
[2]. Suhas V, Patankar , Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow - Series in computational methods in mechanics and
thermal sciences , Hemisphere Publishing Corporation
[3]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridiagonal_matrix_algorithm
[4]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_volume_method