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3.2-1
The design strength for LRFD is the smaller value: t P n 85. 1 kips
[3-1]
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For fracture,
and the allowable load is F t A e 29. 02. 203 63. 89 63. 89 kips
3.2-2
For A242 steel and t in., F y 50 ksi and F u 70 ksi. For yielding of the gross
section,
A g 81/2 4 in. 2
A e A n 2. 875 in. 2
The design strength for LRFD is the smaller value: t P n 151 kips
[3-2]
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P n 201. 3 101 kips
t 2. 00
F t 0. 6F y 0. 650 30 ksi
For fracture,
F t 0. 5F u 0. 570 35 ksi
3.2-3
[3-3]
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Net: P n 449. 5 225 kips
t 2. 00
3.2-4
A g 63/8 2. 25 in. 2
A e A g 2. 25 in. 2
The design strength for LRFD is the smaller value: t P n 72. 9 kips
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and the allowable load is
For fracture,
3.2-5
Gross section:
Factored load:
Since 133 kips 130 kips, member does not have enough strength.
[3-5]
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Net: P n 195. 8 97. 9 kips
t 2. 00
Load:
P a D L 95 9 104 kips
Since 104 kips 86.2 kips, member does not have enough strength.
3.2-6
Compute the strength for one angle, then double it. For the gross section,
Net section:
A n 1. 20 1 3 1 0. 981 3 in. 2
4 4 8
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b) For the gross section, The allowable strength is
F t 0. 5F u 0. 558 29 ksi
The net setion strength controls; the allowable strength is 48. 4 kips. When the only
loads are dead load and live load, ASD load combination 2 will always control:
3.2-7
Gross section:
A n 3. 37 0. 2221. 0 2. 93 in. 2
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a. Gross: t P n 0. 90168. 5 151. 7 kips
Let P u t P n :
P 80. 9 kips
Let P a P n :
t
D L D 3D 80. 95 kips
P 81. 0 kips
3.3-1
(a) U 1 x 1 1. 47 0. 706 0
5
5
w 4 1. 25, U 0. 75 in. 2
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Ae AgU 3 4 0. 75 1. 125 in. 2 A e 1. 13 in. 2
8
(c) U 1. 0
(d) U 1. 0
(e) U 1. 0
A g 5 6 3. 750 in. 2
8
A e A n U 3. 1251. 0 3. 125in. 2
A e 3. 13 in. 2
3.3-2
Gross section:
Net section:
12
w 8 1. 5 U 0. 87
A e A g U 4. 00. 87 3. 48 in. 2
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Rupture: t P n 0. 75201. 8 151. 4 kips
3.3-3
A n A g td h 3. 88 4 1 7 1 2. 88 in. 2
4 8 8
U 1 x 1 0. 648 0. 784
3
3.3-4
Gross section:
Net section:
[3-10]
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Rupture: P n 87. 0 43. 5 kips
t 2. 00
3.3-5
U 1 x 1 1. 86 0. 793 3 0. 9
3 3 3
3.3-6
Net section:
U 1 x 1 0. 698 0. 906 9
32. 5
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A e A n U 5. 2340. 9069 4. 747 in. 2
For the net section, the allowable strength is P n 308. 6 154. 3 kips
t 2. 00
The net setion strength controls; the allowable strength is 154 kips. When the only
loads are dead load and live load, ASD load combination 2 will always control:
[3-12]
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3.3-7
Net section:
t P n 110 kips
P n / t 72. 9 kips
3.3-8
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A e A n U 4. 3530. 80 3. 482 in. 2
Let P u t P n
The allowable load is the smaller value 121. 9 kips P 122 kips
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3.4-1
5 2
w n 12 37/8 2 12. 5 in.
44
3 2
wn 12 37/8 2 11 12. 83 in.
44 9
5 2
wn 12 27/8 11 12. 99 in
44 10
3 2 5 2
wn 12 37/8 11 12. 65 in
44 44 10
3.4-2
w n 10 1. 0 9. 0 in.
3 2
w n 10 31. 0 2 8. 5 in.
43
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w n 10 31. 0 7 12. 25 in
4
For fracture,
[3-16]
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3.4-3
U 1 x 1 0. 981 0. 821 6
5. 5
P n / t 169 kips
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3.4-4
3 2
or 11. 8 0. 3057/8 0. 305 7
8 43
3 2
0. 3057/8 0. 305 7 11. 19 in. 2
8 43
U 1 x 1 0. 5275 0. 918 8
3. 5 3
3.4-5
[3-18]
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A e A n 2. 114 in. 2
Factored load:
Load:
P a D L 31 31 62 kips
3.4-6
Gross section:
[3-19]
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4 2
or 5. 87 0. 3795/8 0. 379 5 5. 699 in. 2
8 45
U 1 x 1 0. 606 0. 962 1
4 4
Let P u t P n :
P 352 kips
Let P a P n :
t
D L D 3D 351. 4 kips
P 351 kips
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3.5-1
and, since there are 2.5 hole diameters in each line of bolts,
F y 50 ksi, F u 70 ksi
R n 210 kips
3.5-2
F y 36 ksi, F u 58 ksi
R n 407 kips
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3.5-3
F y 50 ksi, F u 65 ksi
R n 134 kips
3.5-4
F y 36 ksi, F u 58 ksi
[3-22]
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0. 6F y A gv U bs F u A nt 0. 6367. 5 1. 0583. 0 336. 0 kips 435 kips
R n 336 kips
3.5-5
(a)
3"
A gv 0. 2107. 52 3. 15 in. 2
F y 36 ksi, F u 58 ksi
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Check upper limit:
(b)
3"
The spacings and edge distance are the same as in Part a, but the thickness is different.
The shear areas are
F y 36 ksi, F u 58 ksi
[3-24]
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Check upper limit:
3.5-6
Find the strength of one channel and double it. A g 5. 51 in. 2 , t w 0. 487 in.
Gross section:
U 1 x 1 0. 565 0. 905 8
6
Check block shear. The gusset plate controls; its thickness is 3/8 in., whereas the
channels have a total thickness of 20. 487 0. 974 inch. Also, the gusset plate is of a
lower strength steel, and its shear length is larger.
A gv 3/892 6. 75 in. 2
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The tension area is
F y 36 ksi, F u 58 ksi
176 kips
3.6-1
Try L8 6 9/16
[3-26]
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A e A n U 6. 3440. 80 5. 075 in. 2 5. 06 in. 2 (OK) Use L8 6 169
Try L8 8 1/2
Use an L8 8
3.6-2
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A g 2. 07 2 4. 14 in. 2 3. 70 in. 2 (OK)
A n 4. 14 1. 01/4 3. 89 in. 2
2L5 3 12 14 LLBB
(b) P a D L 20 60 80 kips
Required A g P a P a 80 3. 70 in. 2
Ft 0. 6F y 0. 636
Required A e Pa 80 2. 76 in. 2
0. 5F u 0. 558
A n 4. 14 1. 01/4 3. 89 in. 2
2L5 3 12 14 LLBB
3.6-3
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Required A e Pu 267. 1 5. 48 in. 2
0. 75F u 0. 7565
Try ST10 33
Use U 0. 85
Use U 0. 85
[3-29]
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Required r min L 2012 0. 8 in.
300 300
Use U 0. 85
3.6-4
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(b) P a D L 216 25 241. 0 kips
Try S15 50
A g 14. 6 in. 2 11. 2 in. 2 (OK) r min 1. 03 in. 0.88 in. (OK)
3.6-5
(b) P a D L 10 25 35 kips
Required A g P a P a 35 1. 67 in. 2
Ft 0. 6F y 0. 635
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Required A e Pa 35 1. 17 in. 2
0. 5F u 0. 560
3.6-6
U 1 x 1 0. 606 0. 932 7
9
The next lighter shape that meets slenderness requirements is a C10 15.3 with
[3-32]
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From Equation 3.1,
U 1 x 1 0. 634 0. 929 6
9
3.7-1
3.7-2
[3-33]
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T u 1 0. 043230 48 24. 65 kips
2
From A b d , required d
2 40. 7556
0. 981 in.
4
(b) Maximum force in rod occurs when live load is at A or D. The entire live load is
taken by one rod.
0. 043230
Tu 48 48. 65 kips
2
3.7-3
Let d 0. 7145,
2
d 0. 954 in.
4
(b) Maximum force in rod occurs when live load is a A or D. Entire live load is taken
by one rod.
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0. 03630
Ta 30 30. 54 kips
2
Let d 1. 404 ,
2
d 1. 34 in.
4
3.7-4
All members are pin-connected, and all loads are applied at the joints; therefore, all
members are two-force members (either tension members or compression members).
Load combination 4 controls.
1. 0W 1. 010 10 kips
Equilibrium at joint C:
Let d 0. 3531,
2
d 0. 670 in.
4
3.7-5
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M C 4815 T u sin30. 9615 0 T u 93. 31 kips
Let d 2. 86,
2
d 1. 91 in.
4
Let d 2. 681,
2
d 1. 85 in. Required d 1. 85 in. Use 1 7 / 8 in.
4
3.7-6
7. 98 2 /4
Water weight 62. 4 21. 67 lb/ft
144
Load at each support 50. 2712 603. 2 lb, Load on rod 603. 2 301. 6 lb
2
[3-36]
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T T
Fy 2T 603.2 0
T 301.6 lb
603.2 lb
(a) LRFD
Let d 0. 01294,
2 40. 01294
d 0. 128 in.
4
(b) ASD
T a 301. 6 kips
Let d 0. 01387,
2
d 0. 133 in.
4
3.8-1
30.15
3
30
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Snow: 201015 3000 lb
(The assumption that the truss weight is distributed equally to the joints is approximate
but is consistent with the approximate nature of the estimate of total truss weight.)
Exterior joint load. Use half of the above loads except for the purlin weight, which is
the same:
R Bx 113. 6 kips
Equilibrium of joint B:
L 10 30. 15 10. 05 ft
30
Try WT5 11
U 1 x 1 1. 07 0. 910 8
12
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A e A g U 3. 240. 9027 2. 92 in. 2 2. 34 in. 2 (OK)
U 1 x 1 1. 28 0. 893 3
12
Try WT4 9
U 1 x 1 0. 834 0. 930 5
12
Exterior joint load: use half of the above loads except for the purlin weight, which is
the same:
R Bx 79. 69 kips
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Required r min L 10. 05 12 0. 402 in.
300 300
U 1 x 1 1. 28 0. 893 3
12
3.8-2
The diagonal web members are the tension members, and member AL has the largest
force.
Using the method of sections and considering the force in member AL to act at L,
F AL 33. 94 kips
L 9 2 9 2 12. 73 ft
Try L3 12 3 1
4
A n A g 1. 58 in. 2
Use L3 12 3 1
4
for member AL
[3-40]
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This shape can be used for all of the web tension members. Although each member
could be a different size, this would not usually be practical.
3.8-3
3.8-4
Bottom chord: Member FE (member adjacent to the support) has the largest tension
force.
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Use a free body of joint E (at right support):
Required A e
Required A n 7. 393 9. 24 in. 2
U 0. 80
Try 2L 6 6 7
16
Use 2L 6 6 7
16
for bottom chord
Web members: Design for the maximum tensile force, which occurs in member AH,
and use one shape for all tension web members (the diagonal web members). Using the
method of sections (see figure), consider the force in member AH to act at H.
[3-42]
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Required A e
Required A n 1. 353 1. 69 in. 2
U 0. 80
Try 2L 3 2 3
16
r x 0. 869 in., r y 0. 577 in., r min 0. 577 in. 0.512 in. (OK)
Use 2L 3 2 3
16
for web members
3.8-5
(a) Since the design is for dead load only, use load combination 1:
P u 1. 4D 1. 4360. 1 504. 1 lb
Let d 0. 01545,
2 40. 01545
d 0. 140 in.
4
(b) P a 360. 1 lb
[3-43]
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Required A b P a 0. 3601 0. 01656 in. 2
Ft 21. 75
Let d 0. 01656,
2
d 0. 145 in.
4
[3-44]
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