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WATER SUPPLY
Example 2.2
If the minimum flow of stream having a 12.39 x 10 6
gallons/day. What is populations number could be supplied
continuously from the stream? Assume water usage rate is
175 gallons/capita.day.
Hazen-Williams equation
The most common pipe flow formula used in the
design and evaluation of water distribution system is
the Hazen-Williams equation.
.2.4
Where
= flow rate, gallons per minute
C = coefficient, Table 2.4
D = diameter of pipe, inches
S = hydraulic gradient, feet per foot
Prepared by Dr. Ahmed H. Birima
Table 2.4 values of coefficient C for the
Hazen-Williams formula.
Note:
Head loss in pipes with coefficient values other that 100 can be
determined By using the correction factors in Table 2.5
Solution
Figure 2.9
Prepared by Dr. Ahmed H. Birima
Single-Path Adjustment (P) Method (Hardy
cross method)
General procedure:
An initial set of flow rates that satisfy continuity at each
junction node is selected.
A flow adjustment factor is computed for each path to satisfy
the energy equation for that path. Continuity is maintained in
this process.
Step 2 is repeated, building on improved solutions until the
average correction factor is within an acceptable limit.
2.3
Elevated tank
Example 2.8
Calculate the total amount of storage required for a
residential area based on the following information:
Number of population = 8000, average use rate = 150 gpcd,
expected emergency period = 3 days, fire flow = 2750 gpm for
10 hr.
Firefighting storage :