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WE3F-26

A FULL-WAVE BOUNDARY CONTOUR MODE-MATCHING METHOD (BCMM)


FOR THE RIGOROUS CAD OF SINGLE AND CASCADED
OPTIMIZED H-PLANE AND E-PLANE BENDS

Jan Michael Reiter, and Fritz Arndt

Microwave Department, University of Bremen,


PO-Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany

ABSTRACT restriction of [SI. The advantages of the BCMM method


include the fact that the key-building block discontinuity of
A new full-wave boundary contour mode-matching arbitrary contour (Fig. 1 ) can be included directly in the
(BCMM) method is presented for the efficient and rigorous higher-order mode generalized scattering matrix combina-
calculation of the modal scattering matrix of mitered tion of cascaded structures. This holds also for the
H-plane and E-plane bends in rectangular waveguides. For combination with already available key-building blocks of
the inhomogeneous wave uide re ion with general contour, the standard mode-matching technique such as T-junctions
the field is expanded in t i e compfete set of cylindrical wave
functions. At the boundary to the ports with homogeneous
waveguide sections, the mode-matching technique yields
6
or irises, cf. e.g. 91. Moreover, as the eigenmode amplitude
coefficients in t e port waveguides can completely be
expressed by each other via the cylindrical wave function
the modal scattering matrix of the corresponding key- expansion in the subregion of arbitrary shape, the modal
building block directly. The usefulness of the method is scattering rnatrix of the correspondin region is obtained
demonstrated at the design of optimum mitered H-plane directly, i.e. it is not necessary to fin8 first the expansion
and E-plane corners, a circular H-plane bend and of a coefficients in the subregion.
structure of cascaded mitered H- and &plane corners. The
theory is verified by measurements.

INTRODUCTION

Moreover, cascaded structures have accurately to be taken


into account also concerning the higher-order modes if the
overall performance of the related systems has to be
optimized.
Several techniques have already been applied for
analyzing the scattering behavior of waveguide structures of Fiv. 1:
more complicated shape. The boundary element method (31, Single key-buildin block H- or E-plane
as well as a combined finite element and boundary element discontinuity of arbitrary contour.
method [4] have been applied to compensated H-plane
waveguide bends, H-plane T-junctions, E-plane tapers,
and H-plane dieletric or ferrite posts. Several of the
stuctures of [3], [4] have also been investigated in [5] by the
finite element method. H-plane ferrite post elements in
rectangular waveguide Y-junctions have been analyzed by a THEORY
point- matching method in (61 and in [7] by a cavity field
expansion. For the single key-building block discontinuity (Fig.
l), the fields
The purpose of this paper is to extend the ver llv = 1v x v x ( P ) + V x ( P V ) ,
efficient boundary contour mode-matching BCMMj J LLJc (1)
method which has been introduced recently [8f at the EIv= AV v (Am) + v x (lie),
x x
analysis of simple H-plane discontinuities, to the more J W
general case of cascaded H-plane and E-plane discontinu- in the subregions v = I, I1 (i.e. in the homogeneous
ities of arbitrary shape (Fig. 1). This implies the full-wave waveguides) are derived from the z-components of the
expansion at the boundaries in contrast to the TEmO-mode electric (e) and magnetic (m) vector potential

1021
.oO 0 1994 IEEE
CH3389-4/94/0-1021$01 1994 IEEE MTT-S Digest
M N Rearrangin of the equations yields the modal scattering
Aev = zz 1 1Nz:sin(kG,x)sin(kL:y) matrix 07
the corresponding key-building block
discontinuity, directly. The modal scattering matrix of
m=ln=l
cascaded structures is calculated by the known generalized
S-matrix technique [8].
The convergence behavior of the BCMM method is
M N already demonstrated in [8] at the example of a rectangular
H-plane 90-bend in the waveguide Ku-band (WR 62
waveguide: 15.799 x 7.899). Good convergence
behavior may be stated already for about seven modes in
the waveguide ports and ten cavity modes in the
.
...
. inhomogeneous region. The comparison is made with the
which are expressed in terms of the correspondin wave-
guide eigenmodes; N is a normalization factor b]
with
regard to the complex power carried by each mode, to yield
c
result of the standard mode-matching method 91 including
15 eigenmodes. Similar results are obtained or E-plane
structures.
directly the corresponding modal scattering matrix at the
boundaries z;: a and b are the still unknown eigenmode
amplitude coefficients.
For the investigation of H-plane or E-plane
discontinuities, the subregion Y = I11 (i.e. the
inhomogeneous waveguide region with arbitrary contour r
may be assumed to be uniform in the corresponding
orthogonal direction (this is denoted in Fig. 1 by the
t-direction). Since, however also cascaded H-plane and
E-plane structures should be taken into account, the full set
of modes has to be considered in any case. The fields (1) are
expanded in terms of the complete set of cylindrical wave
functions, i.e. the solutions of the corresponding general
wave equation of a cylindrical waveguide with arbitrary
cross-section formed by the boundaries r, and the planes z r
of the port waveguides v = I, 11:
P Q

Fig. 2:
VSWR curve of a linear Gplane taper as a function of the
(3) taper length c, f = 3.96 GHz. Comparison with
P Q measurements given in [3].

sin(kt s). RESULTS


cq
J is the Bessel function of the first kind, t denotes the axis Fig. 2 shows the calculated VSWR curve of a linear
P E-plane taper at f = 3.96 GHz as a function of the taper
in which direction the cavity subregion of arbitry contour is length c. Good agreement with the measurements in [3] may
considered to be constant: i.e. the y-direction (in the case of be observed.
an H-plane discontinuity, (kt is then
cq
y,b = waveguide
A mitered H-plane corner for a Ku-band waveguide
height), or the x-direction, respectively (in the case of an
(WR62: 15.799 x 7.899 2) is investigated in Fig. 3 where
E-plane discontinuity, k t is then
cq
5, a = waveguide the return loss is plotted over the waveguide band
width). k is the wavenumber in r direction which is given frequencies with the miter width as a parameter (amin =
q
by the relation k2 = k2 - kt k is the free space a/@, amax = a,,&). The optimum miter width a = 0.98a
rq cq opt
wavenumber. achieves a return loss of more than 20dB between 13 and 18
GHz.
By matching the tangential field components at the
boundaries zrI and zrI1, the still unknown expansion Fig. 4 presents the return loss curve of mitered
E-plane corners for a Ku-band waveguide (WR62: 15.799
coefficients cn, dn of (3) may be immediately expressed in 2 ). In analogy to the H-plane
terms of the eigenmode amp1 i tude expansion coefficients x 7.899 corner, the
an, bn of the waveguide regions I and 11, respectively. parameters are bmin = b/&, bmax = b@. The optimum

1022
0

I
m
-lo
-20 ................................................

-30

12.0 120 16.0 5.0

Fig. 3
f/W -
%.o 7.0 l8.0
-40
12.0 80 14.0

Fig.4
a0
f/Mz -
%.O n.0 l8.0

Return loss of a mitered H-plane corner with the miter Return loss of a mitered E-plane corner with the miter
width as a parameter. Ku-band waveguide width as a parameter. WR62: 15.799 x 7.899" 2 ,
(WR62: 15.799 x 7.899" 2 ) . amin = a/@, am, = 4. bmin = b/@, bm, = bJZ.

miter height bopt = 0.87a achieves here a return loss of IV.CONCLUSION


more than 27dB for the whole waveguide band. The rigorous full-wave boundary contour
mode-matchin (BCMM) method presented in this paper
A circular H-plane 90' bend which is often used achieves the ekcient, flexible and accurate design of single
instead a mitered corner, is shown in Fig. 5 , also at the and cascaded, arbitrarily shaped H-plane and Gplane
example of the Ku-band waveguide. For a bend radius of R discontinuities. The advantages of the BCMM method are
= 0.69a, more than 24dB return loss over the whole that the key-building block discontinuity of arbitrary
waveguide band are achieved. contour can be included directly in the higher-order mode
generalized scattering matrix combination of cascaded
Many applications require cascaded structures. An structures, and that the modal scattering matrix of the
example is the cascaded mitered H-plane and mitered corresponding re ion is obtained directly, i.e. it is not
E-plane corner for a Ku-band waveguide. Fig. 6 shows the necessary to fini first the expansion coefficients in the
overall return loss with different waveguide lengths 1 subregion.
between the H-plane and E-plane corners as a parameter.
The influence of the intermediate section on the overall
return loss is clearly demonstrated.

1023
-70
-80 !
a0 8.0
1

14.0 E
O

Fig. 5:
KO
fm - I

7.0 l6.0 12 13 14

Fiv. 6:
15 16
!/ah
17
- 18

Return 10s of a circular H-plane 90' bend. Overall return loss of a cascaded mitered H-plane and
2.
WR62: 15.799 x 7.899" 2. mitered E-plane corner. WR62: 15.799 x 7.899"
Parameter is the intermediate section waveguide length 1.

REFERENCES
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