Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ENGINEERING
BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BEC303 / CIVE3807
STRUCTURE, HYDRAULIC AND
TRAFFIC LABORATORY
GIVEN DATE
SUBMISSION
DATE
LECTURERS Haslina Mohamed
NAME
1. Noor Affendi Bin Dikkir 152015122
Marks
Table of Contents
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1.1 Introduction
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1.2 Theory
In this experiment, we are trying to find the buckling load for pinned
ended strut by applying load at acceptable interval within range. After
results are recorded, we produce a graph to show relationship between
Deflection, mm versus Deflection/Load (mm/N).
1.4 Objective
To determine the buckling load for a pinned ended strut
To find the relationship between Deflection, mm versus
Deflection/Load (mm/N)
1.5 Apparatus
Specimen holder
Deformation measurement
Lateral load device with weight
1.6 Procedure
1. The digital indicator is switched on and warmed up for 10 minutes
2. The specimen is chose and the length is measured. The width and thickness
are 3mm and 25mm.
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3. The theoretical buckling load is calculated for a strut with pinned end
condition
4. The grooved support is placed into the slot of the attachment for the end
conditions and the side screws is tightened.
5. The top platen upwards and downwards is moved to bring the distance
between the supports closer to the length of the strut.
6. The tare button on the digital indicator is pressed to set the reading to zero.
7. The specimen is placed in the groove of the top support.
8. The specimen is hold, the jack is adjusted so that the lower end of the
specimen just rest in the groove of the bottom support. (If the distance
between the two support is slightly less than the length of the strut, turn the
screw jack handle counter clockwise. If the distance between the two
support is slightly greater than the length of the strut, turn the screw jack
handle counter anti-clockwise)
9. The reading on the digital indicator is noted. If the load is greater than 10 N
turn the jack handle counter clockwise to bring it to less than 10 N.
10. The position of the dial gauge is checked to ensure that it is at the mid-
length of the specimen. The dial gauge reading is set to zero.
11. The tare button is pressed to set the load indicator to zero.
12. The specimen in small increments is loaded by turning the screw jack
handle slowly in the clockwise direction.
13. The increment load for each load is recorded and the corresponding mid-
span deflection.
14. The specimen is unload by turning the jack handle in the counter clockwise
direction.
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Table 1
Load , P Mid- Span Deflection, d d/p
N div mm mm/N
9 9 0.09 0.01
18 18 0.18 0.01
41 23 0.23 0.01
58 28 0.28 0.01
67 31 0.31 0.01
80 36 0.36 0.01
108 53 0.53 0.01
1.9 Discussion
1.10 Conclusion
To prevent buckling of column there can be many ways:
1. You tie the columns at half their length and so you will increase their
strength 4 times.
2. You reduce their tributary areas or increase the number of columns.
3. You can vary the profile of the column with least area at ends and
maximum at center. Like a bulged column.
4. You can use the concept of BRBF frames which totally prevents
buckling but it would be a costly idea.
5. You can change the type of end connection that a particular column has.
As the buckling of column depends on the type of end connections.
1.11 References
1. https://mutsimba.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/euler-buckling-lab-2.pdf
2. https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-systems-used-to-prevent-buckling-of-
columns-of-heights-over-15m
3. http://www.academia.edu/18641591/Buckling_test_report
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1.12 Appendices