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Cancer
Cancer is a genetic disorder caused by DNA mutations that are mostly acquired spontaneously or induced by
environmental insults. Cancer is also known as neoplasia or tumor.
Cancer frequently show epigenetic changes like focal increases in DNA methylation and alteration in histone
modifications which is caused from mutation in genes that regulate modifications which alter the expression
or function of key genes that regulate fundamental cellular processes. These genetic alteration are heritable.
Pathology of cancer Factors of
cancer
Etiology of cancer
Genetic Environmental Other
The factors of cancer may be genetic or environmental. Factors Factors Factors
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PLANTS CONTAINING TUMOR INHIBITOR
Following plant contain tumor inhibitors:
1. Linum usitatissimum
2. Glycin max
3. Solanum lycopersicum
The crude drug obtained from the first two are flax seeds and soya bean.
Flax seeds/Linseed
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: It is the dried, ripe seeds of Linum
Usitatissimum belonging to the family Linaceae.
COLLECTION: The plant is cultivated where sufficient
moisture is present. A moderate rainfall is better for the crop.
The crop is harvested in February and March before the
capsules are dried. Plants are cut close to the ground, dried in
field and then threshed to separate seeds.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Fixed oil 30-40%
Mucilage 6-10%
Linamarin (Cyanogenic glycoside)
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside
Wax
Resin
Lecithin
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is the tumor inhibitor.
OH
HO
O
HO O
OH OCH 3
OH
O O
OH
HO OH
OH
H3CO
OH
Sescoisolariciresinol diglucoside
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Soya bean
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: These are seeds
obtained from the legumes of Glycin max
belonging to the family Leguminosae.
COLLECTION: The plant is grown in summer.
The legumes are collected after 80-120 days of
planting.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Genistein
Daidzein
Lecithin
Proteins
Genistein is the main anti tumor. It is specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase and also inhibitor of DNA
topoisomerase II due to which cell cycle specific events alter, apoptosis is induced and angiogenesis is
inhibited.
HO O
OH O
OHGenistein
Tomato Lycopenes
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: It is a carotenoid principle that is obtained from fruit of Solanum lycopersicon
belonging to the family Solanaceae.
The main constituent which shows anti tumor activity is Lycopene which is a carotenoid.
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3
H3C
It has been reported to reduce incidence of prostate, GIT, pancreas, cervix, bladder and skin cancer.
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References:
1. Biren Shah, A.K Seth Textbook of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry. 1ST Edition. SAUNDERS
ELSEVIER.
2. Kumar, Abbas, Aster Robbins Basic Pathology. 9TH Edition. SAUNDERS ELSEVIER
3. Russell J Greene and Norman D Harris Pathology and Therapeutics for Pharmacists: A basis for
clinical pharmacy practice. 3RD Edition. PHARMACEUTICAL PRESS (PhP)