Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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CONTENTS
1. Introduction
Appendix A
A.1 Wind load calculations (External Wind)
1.0 DESIGN DE
This document contains design calculations for precast boundary wall with back fill upto
proposed filling level. Since the design is safe when the inside ground level is raised to
F.L.L (Finished Landscape Level) with outside ground level being 150 mm below inside
F.L.L, calculations are presented only for stage-1 (with earth fill upto proposed filling
level).
All the dimensions are given in the Drawings submitted along with the document.
1.3 Loads
Dead Loads :
Wind Load :
1.4 Materials
Concrete Grade :
Reinforcing Steel:
1.6 References
1. CP3 : Chapter V: Part 2 Code of Basic Data for Design of Buildings Chapter V.
Loading, Part 2. Wind Load
2
Wind force (External) = 0.86 kN/m (Ref. Appendix -A)
Wind force on each footing = 0.86 x (( 4.0 - 1.5 ) x 2.35 )/2 + 1.5 )
= 6.62 kN
= 24.44 kN
L/2
dy
Segment
1000
h1
h2
Therefore, the panel has to be designed for the additional moment due to slenderness.
ORION
5.0.2 Moment due to slenderness: Since the self weigth of the panel and the corresponding
Precast
deflection of the panel varies along the height, the integration method is used.
Consider a segment of depth "dy " at a height of " y " from the bottom as given in Fig. 1
= 7.38 dy x 0.016 y2
= 0.119 y2 dy
2.60
2
Moment over the total .M'add = . 0.119 y dy
heigth (from 0 to 2.60 m) 0
2.60
= 0.119 . y2 dy
0
2.60
3
= 0.119 [ y / 3 ] dy
0
3
= 0.119 x 2.60 / 3 - 0
= 0.698 kN.m
L
L/2 L/2
h1 1000
h2
600 600
Elevation of wall panel
Fig.2
Effect of axial load can be neglected if the axial load < 0.1 fcu Ac
Since the axial loads are negligible, the section is designed for only moments.
K = Mu/(fcu x b x d2)
= 9.3 x 10 6 /( 30 x 1000 x 90
2
)
= 0.038 < 0.156
z = 86 mm X = ( d - z )/ 0.45 = 10 mm
2 2
Ast = 1470 mm > Ast.req = 272 mm Safe
Pt = 1.63 %
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.74 N/mm2 (Ref: BS: 8110: Part-1, Table 3.9)
ORION
5.1.4 Check for Shear: Precast
2
= 0.069 N/mm < 0.74 N/mm2 Safe
5.1.5 Provision for U-bars: U-bars projecting from the precast wall panel will be used for
stiching the panel with the footing. Horizontal forces due to wind
will be transferred to the footing through these U-bars.
L
L/2 L/2
h1 1000
h2
600 600
Elevation of wall panel
Fig.3
Effect of axial load can be neglected if the axial load < 0.1 fcu Ac
Since the axial loads are negligible, the section is designed for only moments.
K = Mu/(fcu x b x d2)
= 6.3 x 10 6 / ( 40 x 1000 x 60
2
)
= 0.043 < 0.156
z = 57 mm X = ( d - z )/ 0.45 = 7 mm
2 2
Ast = 1583 mm > Ast.req = 275 mm Safe
Pt = 2.64 %
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.87 N/mm2 (Ref: BS: 8110: Part-1, Table 3.9)
ORION
Precast
5.2.4 Check for Shear:
2
= 0.058 N/mm < 0.87 N/mm2 Hence Safe
ORION
5.3 Design of un-cracked wall panel Precast
5.3.1 Design for Bending Moment Considering 1 m width of wall panel for design
2
Moment Mu1 = 1.5 x w L /8
= 1.50 x 2.88 x( 3.05 )2 /8
= 5.02 kN.m
After Erection:
2
Z = 1000 x 120 / 6
= 2400000 mm 3
= 419 mm
Seepage allowed
Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding
Theory : Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever
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Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -24.190 0.333
Weight of the wall + base 16.116 0.332
Weight of soil on the base 17.250 0.695
UDL of 5.0 kPa 5.750 0.695
1.Moment Equilibrium
Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -36.285 0.333
Weight of the wall + base 24.174 0.332
Weight of soil on the base 25.875 0.695
UDL of 7.5 kPa 8.625 0.695
1.Moment Equilibrium
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Precast
APPENDIX - A
WINDLOADCALCULATIONSFORBOUNDARYWALL
(AsperASCE705SimplifiedProcedure)
Data:
HorizontalDimension(B) = 4.5 m References:
VerticalDimension(s=h) = 2 m
BasicWindSpeed(V) = 162 kmph
= 45 m/s ForceCoefficients,C f:(CaseA)
BuildingCategory = II Table11 s/h = 1
ExposureCategory = C Sec.6.5.6.3 B/s = 2.25
ImportanceFactor(I) = 1 Table61
GusteffectFactor(G) = 0.85 Sec.6.5.8 1 = 1.45
ForceCoefficient(Cf) = 1.39 Fig620 2 = 1.4
DirectionalityFactor(Kd) = 0.85
TopographicFactor(Kzt) = 1 ThenFor
Zg = 274.32 m Table62 2.25 = 1.39 Checkforothers
= 9.5 Table62
CalculationofDesignWindLoad:
VelocityPressure:
Forh<4.6m,
Kz = 2.01(15/Zg) 2/ Table63
= 1.09
qh = 1150.2 N/m
F = 12.21 KN
F h= 2 m
(h/2+0.05h)= 1.10
F.G.L
AtReturnCorner:
CornerLength Lr = 3.6 m 1 = 0.75
Lr/s = 1.80 Fig620 2 = 0.6
FromFigure620;
ReductionFactor = 0.63 ThenFor
1.80 = 0.63
F = 7.69 KN
2 2
Wind pressure p = 0.613 Vs = 0.613 x 32.9
2
= 662 N/mm
2
= 0.66 kN/m
2 2
Wind pressure p = 0.613 Vs = 0.613 x 24.75
2
= 376 N/mm
= 0.38 kN/m2
APPENDIX - B
Geotechnical Investigation For The Construction Of Boundary Wall at
Al Nakheel Paper Mill Factory, ICAD-II
The logs of boring and CPT test Results indicates general similarities and continuities in the
subsurface materials encountered.
The details of the ground materials encountered are presented in Appendix A of this Report. The
surface and subsurface conditions are described below:
1. Topography: the ground surface level as indicated by Table 1 of the ACES Report Ref. No.
S15000164 shows that the area is flat to locally irregular.
2. Rock head level and thickness of soil cover are similar throughout the investigated site and is
approximately -8.0m NADD and 10.5m respectively; which are also confirmed from the refusal
depth of Cone Penetration Tests conducted
3. The geologic description of the ground materials at the site, the approximate average depth at
which they were encountered and the field test results are presented in logs of boring in
Appendix C of the ACES Report Ref. No. S15000164. The Soil Behavior Types are also
revealed in CPT results attached in Appendix C of this report.
Accordingly, the strata encountered is composed of dense to medium dense, Silty SAND, with
interbeds of very loose, Gravelly, Very Silty SAND/Soft to firm Sandy SILT/CLAY at a depth of
2.0m to 5.0m below existing ground surface, underlain by weak to moderately weak
Crystalline GYPSUM and weak to very weak MUDSTONE bedrock.
4. The ground water level was observed to be ranging from 0.72m NADD to 1.45m NADD.
However, these water levels may be subjected to tidal and seasonal variations or induced
artificial effects; and these variations shall be taken into consideration for designing and
construction of underground structures.
7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
According to the field and laboratory investigations, subsurface conditions, engineering analysis
revealed and practical experience, it can be concluded that the boundary wall can be satisfactorily
supported by the ground at the site, provided that the following recommendations are followed:
1. Scrap the ground surface up to 0.1m depth below the existing ground surface.
2. The materials encountered at the exposed excavated levels are medium dense SANDY
materials.
3. The exposed soil sub grade at the excavated level should be proof rolled by suitable vibratory
roller; any loose pockets shall be compacted to a degree of compaction not less than 95%
relative to the Modified Proctor. Any soft or unsuitable materials should be removed and
replaced with well compacted materials. Care should be taken during compaction to minimize
the degree of disturbance using light excavation machineries
4. On top of the excavated level, provide layers (minimum 3 layers) of selected grade granular
structural fill material 200mm thick each to reach the elevated level of the foundation (0.6m
above EGS) and laterally to a minimum of 1.0xB (B: Width of Footings). The layers shall be
compacted by heavy vibratory roller to a degree of compaction not less than 95% of the
maximum dry density as obtained by modified proctor compaction test (ASTM D 1557 - 07 or
BS1377).
It is recommended to keep the depth of foundation at the elevated levels above the existing
surface to keep the zone of influence of the footing at a safe distance from the soft/loose
sandy clay/silt or silty sand layer underlying the exposed subgrade.
5. Adopting the above procedure, a net allowable bearing pressure value of 0.5 kg/cm2 is
recommended to be used for the design of rigid strip footing of B=1.6m; where B is the width
of the footing. Accordingly, 0.6kg/cm3 can be used as the moduli of subgrade reaction in the
design of strip foundation.
6. Allowable bearing pressure was determined using practical experience and the results
obtained from the field standard penetration tests and cone penetration test results and
empirical equations developed as elaborated in Clause 7.1.3 which are recommended to be
used for the design of the strip/isolated foundation with width B less than or equal to 1.6m
where B the width of the foundation.
7. Foundation settlement was checked, using the allowable bearing pressure values of
0.5kg/cm2 and found to be less than the tolerable limit of 25mm for isolated footing with or
without tie beams and strip foundation. Most of this settlement will take place during the
construction period.
8. A suitable cover of engineered backfill (at least 0.3m) shall be provided above the top of the
foundation to protect the foundations ground from erosion and seasonal weather variation.
1. Scrap the ground surface up to 0.1m depth below the existing ground surface.
2. The materials encountered at the exposed excavated levels are medium dense SANDY
materials.
3. The exposed soil sub grade at the excavated level should be proof rolled by suitable vibratory
roller; any loose pockets shall be compacted to a degree of compaction not less than 95%
relative to the Modified Proctor. Any soft or unsuitable materials should be removed and
replaced with well compacted materials. Care should be taken during compaction to minimize
the degree of disturbance using light excavation machineries.
4. One layer of Geogrid reinforcement or high strength woven geotextile (Uniaxial-100kN/m)
shall be provided at the excavated level to stabilise the subgrade. Geogrid shall stabilise the
subgrade by restraining lateral shear flow.
5. On top of the excavated level, provide layers (minimum 2 layers) of selected grade granular
structural fill material 200mm thick each to reach the elevated depth of the foundation level
(0.4m above E.G.S) and laterally to a minimum of 1.0xB (B: Width of Footings). The layers
shall be compacted by heavy vibratory roller to a degree of compaction not less than 95% of
the maximum dry density as obtained by modified proctor compaction test (ASTM D 1557 - 07
or BS1377).
6. It is recommended to keep the depth of foundation at the elevated levels above the existing
surface to keep the zone of influence of the footing at a safe distance from the soft/loose
sandy clay/silt or silty sand layer.
7. Adopting the above procedure, a net allowable bearing pressure value of 0.5 kg/cm2 is
recommended to be used for the design of rigid strip footing of B=1.6m; where B is the width
of the footing. Accordingly, 0.6kg/cm3 can be used as the moduli of subgrade reaction in the
design of strip foundation.
8. Allowable bearing pressure was determined using practical experience and the results
obtained from the field standard penetration tests and cone penetration test results and
empirical equations developed as elaborated in Clause 7.1.3 which are recommended to be
used for the design of the strip/isolated foundation with width B less than or equal to 1.6m
where B the width of the foundation.
9. Foundation settlement was checked, using the allowable bearing pressure values of 0.5
kg/cm2 and found to be less than the tolerable limit of 25mm for isolated footing with or
without tie beams and strip foundation. Most of this settlement will take place during the
construction period.
10. A suitable cover of engineered backfill (at least 0.3m) shall be provided above the top of the
foundation to protect the foundations ground from erosion and seasonal weather variation.
Meyerhof (1956) proposed a correlation for the net allowable bearing pressure with the corrected
standard penetration resistance, Ncorr for a footing of least dimension B. (including a factor of
safety of 3 against shear failure). Later on Bowles (1977) incorporated the effects of depth and
allowable settlement and suggested a modified form of Meyerhof bearing pressure equation:
In sand below the water table, the effective soil pressure and the confining pressure are less than
in the sand above the water table. Thus to consider the effect of presence of water table on the net
allowable bearing capacity, a correction factor provided by Peck, Hanson and Thornburn (1974) is
Dw
applied: Cw 0.5 1
DB