Sabah Electricity Supply Industry Outlook 2015

Sabah Electricity
Supply Industry
Outlook 2015
Sabah Electricity
Supply Industry
Outlook 2015
The data and information contained in this yearly publication is prepared and provided for general information purposes only. While
the Energy Commission made reasonable efforts to ensure that the information contained in this publication is accurate, the Energy
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PUBLISHED BY:
SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION)
No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Precinct 2, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia.

Tel: (03) 8870 8500 Fax: (03) 8888 8637
Toll Free: 1-800-2222-78 (ST)
www.st.gov.my
ISSN : 2232-0954
No. Penerbitan ST : ST(P)07/09/2015
PRINTED IN MALAYSIA
CONTENTS
2014 REVIEW 5
2015 OUTLOOK 7
PERFORMANCE REVIEW 9
Economic Performance 10
System Performance 11
Power Plant Performance 17
Financial Performance 19
Fuel Price Movement 21
DEMAND FORECAST 23
Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and Population as Determinant of Demand Forecast 24
Technical Parameter of Sabah Grid System to Support Forecast Analysis 25
Electricity Demand Forecast for Sabah (2015-2035) 26
GENERATION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 29

Revised Generation Development Plan (2015-2025) 30
New Committed Generation Projects 32
Future Generation Mix 33
Generation Capacity Projection 35
TRANSMISSION NETWORK 37
Sabah Network 38
Transmission Development Plan 39
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES 43
Governance of Sabah Electricity Supply Industry 44
FUTURE POTENTIAL 47
Sabah Hydro Potential Development 48
Prospect for Inter/Intra State Interconnection 50
Trans-Sabah Gas Pipeline 52
Labuan Development Plan 53
CLOSURE 55
4
2014
REVIEW
T
he Government announced a tariff hike for Sabah and Labuan at an average tariff of 34.52 sen/kWh, a 5 sen/kWh
or 16.9% increase from the previous 29.52 sen/kWh average rate. The new rate, which took effect starting 1st
January 2014, was released together with the new average tariff price of 38.53 sen/kWh for Peninsular Malaysia.
Specifically for Sabah, the tariff restructure aims to narrowing the escalating gaps between the electricity generation
cost and the current tariff so as to support its state utility, Sabah Electricity Sdn. Bhd. (SESB) in providing a more reliable
electricity supply. It is expected that the tariff increase will provide avenue for SESB to improve its supply performance.
However, just after the announcement, an unfortunate event struck the electricity supply system as early as January
2014 whereby the system experienced total collapse at 11.11 am on Friday, 17th of January 2014. Sequences of events
that finally lead to the collapse were triggered by a flashover from the conductor of the 132kV transmission line to a tree.
Against this chaotic chain of effect, Sabah experienced a state-wide electricity blackout for about ten hours, affected
about 400,000 SESB customers who already saddled with earlier tariff hike announcement.
The impactful event as shown by a record System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) of 254.62 minutes/
customer/year was made worse by several high impact interruptions throughout the year, caused by plant and fuel
supply operational instability. The 350 minutes/customer/year target set for overall Sabah SAIDI for 2014 was exceeded
by 122% to 777.26 minutes/customer/year and it was 83% higher compared to 2013.
The incident has triggered a more comprehensive and closely-monitored action plans to improve existing system
infrastructure as well as operation and maintenance while addressing shortcoming identified as a result of the 17th
January incident. Apart from speeding up the progress of the long list of on-going generation and transmission projects
approved under the 10th Malaysian Plan, pressing issues identified post-17 January, for instance reliability of protection
equipment, system defence, rentice management as well as SCADA-risation were also reviewed for improvement. In
addition, a long term development plan for Labuan was commenced so as to reinforce the electricity supply to the Sabah
mainland. These efforts were put forward aggressively to meet the 4,765GWh electricity demand recorded in the year.
Shifting the focus away from the 17th January incident, the much-needed capacities of 395MW from three new power
plants were successfully installed into the state grid. With the new large capacity available in the network, the states
total dependable capacity as of year-end stood at 1,497MW, an increase of 28% from the previous year figure. However,
the non-gas capacity in the West Coast area will be reduced in stages starting year 2015. The peak demand was recorded
on 8th May 2014 at 907MW when the dependable capacity was at 1,097MW.
In terms of generation mix, natural gas and medium fuel oil/diesel fuel dominated the share with 76% and 15 respectively.
With limitation of choice of fuel source particularly coal, heavy reliance to the natural gas is expected to continue. Other
sources of energy are desperately needed to fulfil the state electricity demand. It is fortunate for Sabah as the state can
still harness its remaining hydro potential and other renewable energy (RE) resources mainly from palm oil plantation.
Starting 1st January 2014, RE developers in Sabah and Federal Territory Labuan are eligible to apply for participation
in the Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) programme. Collectively, the FiT incentives as well as enormous RE potential in Sabah are
designed to be an impetus for RE developers to contribute to the states electricity generation. In 2014, approximately
one-tenth of Sabah generation mix was from RE as large hydro generation is now defined as RE sources.
5
5
6
2015
OUTLOOK
E
lectricity demand is expected to remain relatively strong in 2015 with projected growth of 4.2%, 4.4% and 5.6%
for Peak Demand, Generation and Sales respectively. The trend is expected to follow similar pattern with 2014 as
Commercial segment continues to be the main driver followed by Residential and Industrial segments. Impacts of
RM 44.5 billion investments in the Sabah Development Corridor and construction of Pan Borneo Highway to downstream
economic activities are expected to be positive to overall electricity demand as well.
As the share of on-grid biomass and biogas power plants is expected to double from 33MW in 2013 to 64MW by the end
of year 2016, four biogas and biomass plants with total capacity of 17MW are slated for commercial operation in 2015. In
addition to Cash Horse that was commissioned on 5th November 2014, TSH Bio Gas with installed capacity of 3MW was
successfully commissioned to the grid on 22nd April 2015. Rehabilitation works in Tenom Pangi Hydroelectric Power Plant
is also expected to complete by 2016, which, in addition to enhancing plant reliability, will result in increase of capacity. To
date, works on one of the three turbines already completed with capacity increase from 22MW to 25MW.
Expansion of transmission network continues with expected completion of 275kV lines from Kimanis to Kolopis by the
end of the year. Meanwhile, works has started on the new 275kV lines connecting Kimanis with Mengalong that will
further enhance network reliability in the West Coast while providing pathway to realisation of Trans Borneo Power Grid
Interconnection. In the East Coast, network upgrading are currently undergoing for two new 132kV lines from Segaluid to
Seguntor and Sandakan-Elopura-Seguntor. These new lines are expected to complete by end 2017 prior to commissioning
of the new diesel/gas-fired power plants in Sandakan from 2017 to 2020.
Announcement of the much-required new capacity in the East Coast has further reaffirmed governments commitment
in ensuring continuous and uninterrupted supply of electricity. The 390MW new diesel/gas plants will provide enough
capacity until 2025, in which combined with improvements in other industrial needs and new Trans-Sabah Gas Pipeline, can
act as catalyst to development of high-impact industry in the East Coast region.
The importance of Labuan as the international business and financial centre requires reliable supply of electricity at all
time. In this respect, study to improve Labuan supply system is currently undergoing, which includes facets of supply
components such as life assessment studies of Patau-Patau power station and Labuan-Beaufort Interconnection and
improvement of distribution system in the island. The study which is scheduled to complete by the end of the year will
provide a comprehensive review of the state of electricity supply system in Labuan.
11th Malaysia Plan has set electrification target of 99% in 2020; an increase from 84% in 2010 and 95% in 2015. Reaching
the very last mile of population requires significant investment in terms of overall network. Therefore, the bulk of RM 2.3
billion allocation is expected to be use for strengthening existing transmission and distribution system while new lines will
be connected to the main grid. Sabah Special Project and Delivery Unit (SAPADU) under the Ministry of Energy, Green
Technology and Water is established to implement 81 electricity supply projects for a period of five years. SAPADU will
consist of officers from various government departments and SESB with source of funding from Federal Government
grants.
The principle of Incentive-Based Regulation (IBR) mechanism will be introduced in SESB starting this year, three years
after its introduction in TNB. The mechanism will generally follow the same template as in Peninsula to allow for seamless
transition from highly integrated to more transparent and accountable individual profit centres within SESB. For that
purpose, a ring-fenced Single Buyer and Grid System Operator will be formed while Service Level Agreements for SESB-
owned power plants will be put into effect starting next year.
7
7
8
PERFORMANCE
REVIEW
9
9
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
Sabahs GDP grew by 3.3% in 2013, declining from the growth rate of 4.4% from the previous year. Apart from its services
sector which took the lead at nearly 50% share in 2013, the economy was also driven by agriculture and mining sectors - each
contributed around 20%, manufacturing sector at 8% and construction sector at 3%. Major export commodities include crude
petroleum (mining), palm kernel oil (agriculture), methanol and plywood & timber (manufacturing).
For 2014, the Malaysia economy grew by 6.0% with domestic demand, through private sector spending, took command as the
main anchor of growth. As forecasted by the Central Bank of Malaysia, the countrys economy is expected to remain on a steady
growth path of 4.5 to 5.5% in 2015 - a less sanguine outlook as compared to the earlier 5 to 6% Gross Domestic Products (GDP)
growth. This is owing to the waning prospects of the global economy, relatively low commodity prices and softer domestic
demand expected for this year.
Sabah GDP is projected to grow at more than 4%1 for 2014. By type of economic activity, the states GDP is strongly dominated
by services sector particularly through tourism-related activities including accommodation and restaurants as well as wholesale
and retail trade. In 2014, the total number of visitors that came to Sabah decreased by 4.5% with a higher percentage reduction
share was from international tourists portion compared to locals, possibly due to the tragic double incident befell the airline
industry. Nevertheless, even with that course of event, the share of services sector which remained strong at more than 40%
since 2005 is expected to be resilient and continue to be the bedrock of Sabahs economy.
Sabah, which for the past ten years contributed to around 6.2 to 6.4% of the countrys GDP, is expected to maintain its percentage
share at the same level for the year 2015. Based on the strong relationship between historical GDP trends of Sabah and Malaysia,
the state GDP is projected to growth at annual average of around 4.7% within the next 10 year window.
__________________
1. Actual state GDP is not available at the time of writing and expected to be published in Quarter 3 2015.
For 2014, the Malaysia

Figure 1: Sabah GDP 2013 by type of activity
48% Services economy grew by 6.0%

21% Agriculture with domestic demand,
through private sector
spending, took command
as the main anchor of
20% Mining and
Quarrying
growth. As forecasted
by the Central Bank of
Malaysia, the countrys
economy is expected to
8% Manufacturing remain on a steady growth
3% Construction path of 4.5 to 5.5% in 2015.
10
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI)
The performance level of electricity supply can be measured through System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) - an
indicator applied to access the average rate of supply interuption experienced by each customer in a year.
Sabah expericenced a lot of supply interuption incidents but the occurance rate is decreasing especially in the past 6 years.
Statistically, SAIDI record in 2009 was at 2,867 minutes/customer/year. Through various initiatives undertaken by SESB with
the financial support from the Government, the SAIDI rate has continually reducing to 687 minutes/customer/year in 2010,
495 minutes/customer/year in 2011, 557 minutes/customer/year in year 2012 dan 424 minutes/customer/year in the year 2013.
Sabah has achieved in reducing 85% of its SAIDI level in 2013 compared to the level recorded in year 2009.
Initiatives taken to achieve the targeted SAIDI includes the following:

Ensure the successful implementation and completion of generation, transmission and distribution system improvement
projects;
Improve implementation of effective preventive maintenance regime/vegetation management;
Improving SESB staff competency;
Reviewing system stability in Sabah including transmission system and adequate generation margin for operation and
maintenance;
Reviewing of total capacity requirement in East Coast of Sabah;
Develop Distribution Code for Sabah and Labuan;
Establish regulatory accounts by business entities: generation, single buyer, system operation, transmission and distribution;
Establish entities of single buyer, grid system operator and distributor;
Operationalise of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for SESBs major power plants namely Tenom Pangi, Kubota and Patau-
patau; and
Monitoring of SESB Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) on quarterly basis.
Figure 2: SAIDI of Sabah 2008 - 2014
3,000 2,868
2,500
2,000 1,856
SAIDI
1,500
1,000
777
687
557
500 495 424
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
11
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
Generation Capacity And Energy Mix

Following the states moderate GDP growth rate, electricity generation and sales growth rates for the year 2014 stood at only 4.0%
and 2.5% respectively, lowest growth recorded since west and east interconnected in 2005. Peak demand growth of 4.7% was
significantly less than projected growth of 5.8%.
In terms of generation capacity, the amount of Dependable Capacity is being used as indicator to gauge the capacity adequacy
in the system in place of Installed Capacity. With the full commissioning of three power plants (Table 1), Dependable Capacity
connected to the grid stands at 1,497MW by the end of 2014. Out of the 1,497MW dependable capacity, 27% of the capacity is
owned by SESB with the balance by Independent Power Producers (IPPs) under power purchase agreements with SESB.
Maximum demand in Sabah as of 31st December 2014 was at 908MW as recorded in May 2014, an increase of 41MW compared to
the previous year record of 867MW in September 2013.
Table 1: Three new commissioned plants in 2014
Installed Commercial Operation Date

Plant owner
capacity (MW) (COD)
SPR Energy Sdn. Bhd. (SPR) 100 13th August 2014
Cash Horse Sdn. Bhd. 10 5th November 2014
Kimanis Power Sdn. Bhd. (KPSB) 285 7th November 2014
As of July 2015, Dependable Capacity in Sabah stood at 1,324MW, primarily fuelled by gas 74%, followed by diesel/MFO 17%,
hydro 6% and biomass/biogas 3%. Similar trend was also observed in terms of generation mix. From the total generation of
5,420GWh recorded in 2014, gas-based generation had the highest share at 76%, followed by diesel/MFO at 15%, hydro at 6%
and biomass at 3%.
Figure 3: Dependable Capacity mix by type of fuel Figure 4: Electricity generation mix by type of fuel
6% Hydro 6% Hydro
3% Biomass
/Biogas 3% Biomass
17% Diesel
/MFO 15% Diesel
/MFO
74% Gas 76% Gas
12
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
Figure 5: Daily demand and operating reserve
MW
1,700
COD KPSB Block 3
95MW and Cash Horse
COD SPR 10MW (Nov 2014) DC = 1,324MW
1,500 100MW (Aug 2014)
COD KPSB Block 2

1,300 COD KPSB Block 1 95MW (July 2014)
95MW (May 2014)
1,100
AC = 1,230MW
900 Retirement of Omega

Brilliant Sdn Bhd on
Apr 2015
700
Maximum Demand 2014 Retirement of SESB plants Maximum Demand 914MW

908MW with a total capacity of 116MW (12th May 2015)
500 (8th May 2014)
300
Maximum Demand Operating Reserve Dependable Capacity
100
Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15
Dependable capacity in Sabah stood at 1,324MW

(as of July 2015) with the maximum demand of
914MW recorded in May 2015.
Cash Horse Biomass Power Plant
13
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
Declaration of system Dependable Capacity will be made by SESB as the System Operator whenever new plant has successfully
commissioned to the system or retired from the system. As of July 2015, total Dependable apacity was revised to 1,324MW
based on latest tested capacity, plants condition, plants retirement as well as commissioning of new plants with details as
follows:
Table 2: Existing power plants in Sabah
No Plant Owner Dependable Capacity (MW) Fuel Commissioning Year
1 Tenom Pangi 2
SESB 69 Hydro 1984
2 Tawau SESB 30 Diesel 1984
3 Mini Hydro Melangkap SESB 0.8 Hydro 1990
4 Mini Hydro Sayap SESB 0.8 Hydro 1991
5 Patau-Patau SESB 104.5 Gas 1992
6 Melawa SESB 31.5 Diesel 1992
7 Mini Hydro Merotai SESB 0.8 Hydro 1992
8 Mini Hydro Bombalai SESB 0.8 Hydro 1996
9 Labuk Canopy Genset SESB 8 Diesel 2009
10 Batu Sapi GT 3
SESB 17.4 Diesel 2013
11 Kubota SESB 64 Diesel 2013
Total capacity of SESB plants (MW) 327.6
12 ARL Power (ARL)4 IPP 22.7 Diesel 1996
13 Serudong Power IPP 36 MFO 1996
14 Stratavest (Libaran)5 IPP 15 MFO 1998
15 Ranhill Powertron (RP1) IPP 190 Gas 1998
16 TSH Bioenergy IPP Figure 4: IPP &10SESBs Share of Dependable Capacity, 2015
Biomass 2004
17 Sepanggar Bay Power Corp. (SBPC) IPP 100 Gas 2006
18 Kina Biopower IPP 10 Biomass 2009
19 Seguntor Bioenergy IPP 10 Biomass 2009
20 Esajadi Sg. Kedamaian IPP 2 Hydro 2009
21 Ranhill Powertron II (RP2)6 IPP 195.4 Gas 2010
22 Esajadi Sg. Pangapuyan IPP 4.5 Hydro 2011
23 Teck Guan IPP 3 Biomass 2011
24 Kimanis Power IPP 285 Gas 2014
25 SPR Energy IPP 100 Gas 2014
26 Cash Horse IPP 10 Biomass 2014
27 TSH Biogas7 IPP 2.7 Biogas 2015
Total capacity of IPP plants (MW) 996.3
_______________________
2. Dependable capacity increased to 25MW after rehab completed on 21st April 2015 5. Based on Net Capacity Test (NCT) Test on 31st March 2015
3. Based on Tested Annual Available Capacity (TAAC) test on 22nd April 2015 6. Additional capacity of 5MW
4. Based on Net Capacity Test (NCT) on 5th June 2015 7. Started commissioning in April 2015
14
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
SESBs share of total on-grid

generation capacity was reduced
from 42% in 2013 to 27% in 2014
and further reduced to 25% as
of July 2015, with completion of
three IPP power plants.
Kimanis Power CCGT Power Plant
SESBs share of total on-grid generation capacity was Figure 6: IPP & SESBs share of Dependable Capacity, 2015
reduced from 42% in 2013 to 27% in 2014 and further reduced
to 25% as of July 2015, with completion of three IPP power
plants. The dominant position of IPP in Sabah is expected 25% SESB
to continue since SESB precarious financial position has put
limit to the companys ability to secure financial for new
power generation projects. Nevertheless, there are clauses in
the Grid Code that empowers SESB as the System Operator
and the Single Buyer in making sure that all parties adhere
to the rules and conducts as prescribed. Likewise, IPPs are
motivated by performance clauses stipulated in the PPA
as their earning is dependent upon the plants availability, 75% IPP
reliability and efficiency.
15
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
Figure7:7:Existing
Figure ExistingPower
powerPlants
plants
in in Sabah,
Sabah, 2015
2015
LEGEND
EXISTING
KUDAT
TOWN / STATE
Esajadi Sg. Pangapuyan
Mini Hydro (4.5MW) 132kV (EXISTING)
SBPC ARL MATUNGGONG
46.5 KM
CCGT Gas (100MW) MFO (22.7MW)
275kV (EXISTING)
55 KM
RPI Melawa MENGGARIS Melangkap and Sayap
CCGT Gas (190MW) Diesel (31.5MW) K.BELUD Mini Hydro (1.6MW)
Seguntor Bioenergy and Kina Biopower
Biomass (20MW)
RP2
76 KM
CCGT Gas (195.4MW)
RANAU Batu Sapi GT and Labuk Canopy Genset
K.KINABALU Diesel (25.4MW)
KOLOPIS SANDAKAN
LOK KAWI
255 KM 45 KM Stratavest (Libaran)
SPR Energy Esajadi Sg. Kedamaian SEGALIUD MFO (15MW)
CCGT Gas (100MW) Mini Hydro (2MW)
PAPAR Cash Horse
Biomass (10MW)
Kimanis Power
113 KM
CCGT Gas (285MW) KIMANIS
51 KM
BEAUFORT
DAM ROAD
68.5 KM KENINGAU 5.3 KM WARISAN
90 KM
Patau-Patau 70 KM 40 KM
CCGT/OCGT Gas 35.5 KM KUNAK TSH Bioenergy
(104.5MW) Kubota Biomass (10MW)
SIPITANG
TENOM Diesel (64MW)
TSH Biogas
Tenom Pangi HEP Biogas (2.7MW)
Hydro (69MW) Mini Hydro Merotai
Mini Hydro (0.8MW) KALUMPANG
30 KM 50 KM
SEMPORNA
Mini Hydro Bombalai TAWAU
N Mini Hydro (0.8MW) Tawau
Diesel (30MW)
Serudong Power
MFO (36MW) Teck Guan
Biomass (3MW)
16
16
15
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE

Most of IPPs in Sabah, particularly gas-based combined cycle power plants (CCGT) are relatively new and more efficient
compared to SESB-owned power plants which mostly consists of ageing diesel-fired plants, which have been in operation for
more than 20 years. As expected, thermal efficiencies for IPP power plants were generally better compared to SESB power
plants. Similarly, availabilities of power plants operated by SESB measured through equivalent availability factor (EAF) were
lower compared to power plants operated by IPPs.
However, comparing the EAF for the IPPs according to plant type reveals large gap performance between CCGT and diesel
power plants. While EAF for CCGT plants was more than 90%, diesel plants recorded much lower EAF at an average of 58%.
In addition to plants age, technical problems due to operational regime, fuel and parts obsolescence contributed to decaying
performance of these plants.
For SESB, lower EAF was recorded with CCGT and diesel plants at 74% and 63% respectively attributed to the age factor
and frequent breakdown as well as maintenance activities. Meanwhile, hydroelectric plants fared better at EAF of 87% due to
consistent water flow and good technical conditions.
Table 3: Sabahs power plant performance in 2014
Average Thermal Equivalent Availability Equivalent Unplanned

Plant Type Efficiency (%) Factor (%) Outage Rate (%)
SESB IPP SESB IPP SESB IPP
Combined Cycle 22 37 74 91 5 6
Diesel 30 37 63 58 34 51
Hydro - - 87 - 2 -
Figure 8: Plants efficiency (%) of Sabahs power plants Figure 9: Equivalent unplanned outage rate (%) of Sabahs
power plants
Combined Cycle Diesel
Combined Cycle 39 Diesel
39 38 37 37
40 39 35 60 Combined Cycle Diesel Hydro
39 38 37 37 51
40 35 30
27 28 25 30
50
30
27 28 25 21
22 40
30 34
20 21 22 28 29
30 24
20 21
10 20
10 10
10 7 6 6 5 6
0 2 2 2
0 SESB IPP SESB IPP SESB IPP 0
SESB 2012 IPP SESB 2013 IPP SESB 2014 IPP SESB IPP SESB IPP SESB IPP
2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014
17
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
Figure 10: Equivalent availability factor (%) of Sabahs power plants
Combined Cycle Diesel Hydro
100 94 92 91
89 87
90 86
75 77
80 73 71 74
70 61 63 63
58
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SESB IPP SESB IPP SESB IPP
2012 2013 2014
120%
120% Figure 11: Average annual availability for major power plants in Sabah
100%
100%
80%
80%
60%
60%
40%
40%
20%
20%
0%
0% Tenom ARL Patau-
Melawa Tawau Sandakan Serudong Stratavest SPC SBPC Ranhill I Ranhill II
Tenom
Pangi Power Patau-
patau
Melawa Tawau Sandakan ARL Power Serudong Stratavest SPC SBPC Ranhill I Ranhill II
2010 Pangi
95% 54% 65% 51% 47% 81% 74% 86% patau
60% 93% 92% 0%
2010
2011 95%96% 54%
65% 65%
72% 51%
50% 47%
58% 81%
87% 74%
75% 86%
85% 60%
37% 93%
97% 92%
92% 0%
97%
2011
2012 96%
86% 65%
69% 72%
73% 50%
40% 58%
68% 87%
94% 75%
62% 85%
0% 37%
73% 97%
92% 92%
94% 97%
96%
2012
2013 86%
89% 69%
71% 73%
73% 40%
46% 68%
82% 94%
78% 62%
54% 0%
0% 73%
77% 92%
96% 94%
90% 96%
91%
2013
2014 89%
87% 71%
69% 73%
73% 46%
47% 82%
47% 78%
91% 54%
36% 0%
0% 77%
74% 96%
84% 90%
95% 91%
95%
2014 87% 69% 73% 47% 47% 91% 36% 0% 74% 84% 95% 95%
18
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Financial Performance of SESB
For the Financial Year of 2014, SESBs sales of electricity grew by 14.5% to reach RM 1.57 billion compared to RM 1.37 billion in
the previous financial year. Total unit sold amounted to 4,765GWh in FY2014 compared with 4,635GWh in FY2013 (restated).
SESBs operating expenditure increased marginally from RM 1,313.9 million in FY2013 (restated) to RM 1,526.5 million. In FY2014,
SESB received substantial diesel and medium fuel subsidies of RM 683 million from the Government, the operating expenditure
amount presented being the net total subsidy.
Total profit for FY2014 stood at RM 96.7 million, while total finance costs and foreign exchange losses amounted to RM 184.7
million compared to RM 97.5 million in FY2013 (restated).
In FY2014, SESBs subsidized operating cost per unit (CPU) was at 35.68 sen/kWh and the average tariff was at 32.95 sen/kWh.
Meanwhile, the operating CPU without fuel subsidies was at 50.02 sen/kWh.
ERFORMANCE Improving SESB Financial Viability Through Tariff Revision

The tariff revision approved by the Government effective 1st January 2014 provided a 16.9% increase of SESB tariff revenue. As
of financial year end, the average selling price is 32.95 sen/kWh, compared to 29.58 sen/kWh in FY2013. This increase is timely
to meet new IPP costs as two new CCGT IPPs, namely Kimanis Power Sdn. Bhd. and SPR Energy Sdn. Bhd. have come online in
August 2014. Profit After Tax of SESB is recorded at RM 96.7 million, showing an improving positive margin.
However, given the major investments needed in improving the electricity network in Sabah, SESB is working very closely with
SB the Federal and State Governments to secure additional funding for power system improvements.
Figure 10: Comparison of SESBs Average Electricity Tariff and Subsidized Operating Cost Per
Unit (sen/kWh)
Figure 12: Comparison of SESBs average electricity tariff and subsidised operating cost per unit (sen/kWh)
SESB Average Electricity Tariff vs Operating Cost Per Unit
of electricity grew by
35.68
RM1.37 billion in the 36.00 34.68
unted to 4,765GWh in 31.00

31.45 31.86 30.43 32.95
3 (restated). 29.18
29.58
26.00
25.95
25.64
sen/kWh
increased marginally 21.00
to RM1,526.5 million.
16.00
sel and medium fuel
sian Government, the 11.00
ng the net total subsidy. 6.00
1.00
on, while total finance
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
ed to RM184.7 million -4.00
stated). Finance Costs Depreciation & Amortisation Operation & Maintenance
IPP Costs Fuel Costs Average Tariff
st per unit (CPU) was

as at 32.95 sen/kWh.
uel subsidies was at Return on Assets (ROA) 19
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
Financial Performance of IPP

Collectively, revenue for the existing operating IPPs in Sabah was at RM 616 million in 2013, reduced from RM 668 million in 2012.
Even though there is a decrease in terms of revenue, the net profit has shown a slight increase from RM 82 million in 2012 to RM
98 million in 2013.
Return on Assets (ROA) is an indicator of asset utilisation in order to generate returns. Higher ratios generally indicate better
ability in converting investment into profit. For the IPPs in Sabah, their ROA showed an upward trend, where it rose to 3.5% in
2013 from 2.1% in 2009.
Return on Equity (ROE) on the other hand measures how well a company used business equity to generate profits. A high ROE
number directly translates into strong company growth. ROE for IPPs in Sabah is increasing to 11.3% in 2013 from 4.3% in 2009.
Figure 13: Profitability of IPPs in Sabah
900
800
700
600
RM million
500
400
300
200
100
FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013

Revenue 644 648 857 668 616
Cost of sales 432 455 616 468 403
Gross Profit 212 193 241 200 213
EBITDA 183 178 250 237 242
EBIT 136 138 202 202 199
Profit before tax 66 86 87 110 117
Profit for the financial year 51 79 127 82 98
Figure 14: ROA & ROE of IPP in Sabah
15%
10%
Return on Assets (ROA)
5%
2013
0%
-5%
2009 3.5% -10%
-15%
2.1% -20%
ROA
2009
2.1%
2010
3.0%
2011
2.6%
2012
2.0%
2013
3.5%
ROE 4.3% 5.2% 1.4% -6.7% 11.3%
20
PERFORMANCE REVIEW
Fuel Price Movement

Electricity generation in Sabah is fuelled mostly by gas (76%), followed by MFO & diesel (15%), hydroelectric (6%) and biomass
wastes (3%). The piped gas price for power sector in Sabah is controlled at RM 6.40/mmBtu compared to the price for power
sector in Peninsular, which recently increased from RM 13.70/mmBtu to RM 15.20/mmBtu. Based on prevailing market price as
published by the Statistic Department, the average gas price in 2014 is RM 46.93/mmBtu as compared to subsidised price at
RM 6.40/mmBtu. It represents an indirect subsidy to the customers. The Government will continue to subsidise the MFO price
in excess of RM 0.42/litre and diesel price in excess of RM 0.495/litre. Currently the average market price for MFO and diesel in
2014 is RM 2.34/litre and RM 2.54/litre consecutively.
Figure 15: Comparison of various fuel price
100
90
80
70
60
RM/MMBtu
50
40
30
20
10
0
June 12
June 13
June 14
July 14
July 12
July 13
July 11
June 11
Dec 11
Dec 12
Dec 13
Dec 14
Nov 14
Mar11
Nov 12
Nov 13
Oct 12
Oct 13
Sep 13
Oct 11
Nov 11
Apr 12
Apr 13
Apr 14
Oct 14
Apr 11
Sep 11
Feb 14
Feb 11
Sep 12
Jan 12
Mar 12
Jan 11
Feb 12
Feb 13
Sep 14
Jan 13
Jan 14
Mac 13
Mac 14
Aug 14
Aug 11
Aug 12
Aug 13
May 14
May 11
May 12
May 13
MFO Price (Market) MFO Price (Subsidise) Gas Price to Power Sector (Market)
Gas Price to SESB (Subsidise) Diesel (Market) Diesel (Subsidise)
21
DEMAND FORECAST
22
DEMAND
FORECAST
23
23
DEMAND FORECAST
Sabah electricity demand is driven by commonly correlated factors namely state income, socio demographic, technical and
historical electricity demand trend. Analysis of historical pattern of these factors coupled with assumptions of their future trend
forms the basis of aggregated electricity forecast for the state. This forecast includes electricity demand, electricity generation
and peak demand of the SESB system in accordance to the utilitys financial year.
Figure 16: Process flow of electricity demand forecasting analysis
Time series
Input data Generation Peak demand

& assumptions Sales (GWh) (GWh) (MW)
Regression /
Econometrics Losses Annual load
factor
In principle, the magnitude of future electricity consumption by the SESB customers, referred to as Sabah electricity demand
or the SESBs sales, are projected through time series and regression analysis with income and socio demographic as its
determinant. The short term forecast of Sabahs electricity demand is derived through time series analysis which involves
trending of previous years SESB sales. The medium to longer term forecast, on the other hand, entails regression analysis and
requires a set of assumptions on future economy as well as demographic growth.
Incorporate transmission and distribution losses into the annual projected demand results in forecast of electricity generation.
This forecasted generation value is the amount of electricity required to be generated by the SESB and IPP power plants to fulfil
the expected customers demand.
Forecasted system peak demand on the other hand is derived from the earlier determined electricity generation and system
load factor. This future increment of peak demand is then translated into the capacity and plant up required by the system and
is significantly applied in the Sabah generation development plan.
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODuCTS (GDP) AND Figure 17: Share of Sabahs GDP from total Malaysia GDP (%)
POPuLATION AS DETERMINANT OF DEMAND 14%
FORECAST
12%
GDP, RM million
Sabah GDP share
10%
8%
The Malaysian economy is expected to remain on a steady
6%
growth path of 4.5 to 5.5% for the year 2015 with domestic
4%
demand through private sector spending continues to
2%
be the main anchor of growth. Sabah, which for the past
0%
ten years contributed around 6.2 to 6.4% of the countrys
Gross Domestic Products (GDP), is expected to remain its
percentage share for the year 2015 and hovering around 6%
for the next ten years.
24 900,000 60,000
800,000
illion
50,000
ion
700,000
DEMAND FORECAST
Historical trends show that there is a strong relationship between Sabahs GDP and Malaysias total GDP. Thus, deriving Sabah
GDP forecast took into account the projected Sabah GDP percentage share as well as the current declared year-a-head GDP
forecast of Malaysia. However, the interplay between Sabahs GDP and Malaysias GDP is interestingly less intact during economic
crisis in 1999 and 2009.
Figure 18: Historical trend and relationship between total Figure 19: Malaysia and Sabah population
Malaysia and Sabah GDP
Million
40
900,000 60,000
35
800,000
Sabah GDP, RM million

50,000 30
GDP, RM million
700,000
11%
2000
600,000 40,000 25
500,000 20
30,000 12%
2015
400,000
15
Since year 2000, Sabah constitutes about
300,000 20,000
10 11% of total Malaysia's population and
200,000 the share is forecasted to increase to 12%.
10,000
100,000 05
0 0 -
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
2026
2028
2030
2032
2034
Malaysia GDP Sabah GDP Malaysia Sabah (inclusive Labuan)
Sabah population is forecasted to grow at 1.6 percent per annum over the short term horizon. At this projected growth, Sabah
population is expected to stretch up to 3.6 million in 2015, nearly 12 percent of total Malaysia population.
3.6 million population

expected in Sabah in 2015, nearly 12
percent of total Malaysia population.
Figure 20: Actual and future assumed T&D losses (%)

Transmission and Distribution Losses (%) Technical Parameter of Sabah Grid
18%
System to Support Forecast Analysis
16% Transmission and distribution losses of SESB electricity
supply system stood at 15.9% in 2014. The losses are
14% anticipated to reduce about 1.6% annually for the next five
years through implementation of various initiatives planned
12%
under the 11th Malaysia Plan to strengthen the states supply
10%
system. In a longer term, the T&D losses are expected to
continue to improve and reach 10% by year 2035. In addition,
8% annual load factor for Sabah system is expected to increase
to almost 74% within a 20 years horizon from the current
2018
2019
2020
2021
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
load factor of 72%.
25
DEMAND FORECAST
Electricity Demand Forecast for Sabah (2015 2035)

Sabah electricity forecast is reviewed on a yearly basis. It is presented to the Committee for the Planning and Implementation of
Electricity Supply and Tariff, also known as JPPPET, and applied in the development of generation planting-up plan for Sabah.
Comparing the forecast presented in 2014 Outlook, the 2015 forecast is revised downwards in view of lower than expected
electricity demand recorded in year 2014 which was at only 2.5%. For year 2015, the demand is forecasted to growth at a rate
of 5.6%, compared to 7.8% as previously forecasted.
Figure 21: Comparison on electricity demand forecast between outlook 2014 and outlook 2015
GWh Sales Forecast, GWh Peak Demand Forecast, MW

MW
GWh Sales Forecast, GWh 3,000
Peak Demand Forecast, MW
18,000 MW
Average period growth rates, % pa:
18,000 Average period growth rates, % pa:
3,000
16,000
2,500
2015 - 2017 Average period growth
6.1% rates, % pa: 2015 - 2017 Average period growth
5.7% rates, % pa:
14,000 16,000
2017 - 2026 2015 - 2017 4.9% 6.1% 2017 - 2026
2,500
2015 - 2017 4.4% 5.7%
2,000
12,000 2026 - 2035 2017 - 2026
14,000 3.0% 4.9% 2026 - 2035 2017 - 2026 2.7% 4.4%
2,000
10,000 12,000 2026 - 2035 3.0% 1,500
2026 - 2035 2.7%
8,000 10,000 1,500

1,000
6,000 8,000
1,000
500
4,000 6,000
500
2,000 4,000 0
9
5
5
5
3
3
7
9
15
13
1
1
17
11
2,000
0
25 03
27 03
29 03
15 02
17 02
19 02
21 02
23 02
0
13 201
0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
2
9
5
29
35
25
33
23
27
19
15
13
31
21
17
11
9
5
7
0
35
33
31
11
0
0
20
20
20
0
9 20
20
0
29 20
0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
5 2
7 2
13 2
15 2
17 2
19 2
21 2
23 2
25 2
27 2
Outlook 2015 Outlook 2014

35
33
31
11
0
0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Outlook 2015 Outlook 2014 Outlook 2015 Outlook 2014
GWh Generation Forecast, GWh

20,000
GWh Generation Forecast, GWh In the future, an average electricity demand growth of 6.1%
18,000 20,000 per annum is forecasted for the short term period (2015
Average period growth rates, % pa:
16,000 18,000
2018) and 5% per annum for the medium term (2019
2015 - 2017 Average period growth
5.8% rates, % pa:
2024). During the same term, electricity generation is
14,000 16,0002017 - 2026 4.6%
12,000 2026 - 2035 2015 - 2017 2.7% 5.8% projected to grow at an average of 5.8% per annum and
14,000 2017 - 2026 4.6% 4.7% per annum respectively. Peak demand is also projected
10,000 2026 - 2035 2.7%
12,000
to grow strongly at the average of 5.6% per annum and
8,000
10,000 4.5% per annum for the period 2015 2018 and 2019 2024
6,000
8,000 respectively.
4,000
6,000
2,000
Table 4 shows the historical electricity demand, generation
4,000
0
and peak demand of the SESB system for financial years of
2,000
2006 to 2014 as well as those values forecasted for years
9
5
29
35
25
33
23
27
19
15
13
31
21
17
11
0
0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
0 2015 up to 2035.
9
5

29
35
25
33
23
27
19
15
13
31
21
17
11
0
0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
26
DEMAND FORECAST
Table 4: Long term demand forecast 2015 - 2035
Demand / Sales Generation Peak

Year Growth % Growth % Growth % MW increase
GWh GWh demand MW
2006 2,875 6.3% 3,549 4.6% 573 7.9% 42
2007 3,221 12.0% 3,908 10.1% 612 6.8% 39
2008 3,385 5.1% 4,131 5.7% 647 5.7% 35

HISTORICAL
2009 3,713 9.7% 4,412 6.8% 704 8.8% 57
2010 4,051 9.1% 4,726 7.1% 773 9.8% 69
2011 4,199 3.7% 4,940 4.5% 830 7.4% 57
2012 4,401 4.8% 5,147 4.2% 828 -0.2% -2
2013 4,650 5.7% 5,506 7.0% 867 4.7% 39
2014 4,765 2.5% 5,718 4.0% 908 4.7% 41
2015 5,033 5.6% 5,970 4.4% 946 4.2% 38
2016 5,315 5.6% 6,286 5.3% 995 5.2% 49
2017 5,669 6.7% 6,685 6.4% 1,057 6.2% 62
2018 6,006 5.9% 7,063 5.6% 1,115 5.5% 58
2019 6,344 5.6% 7,440 5.3% 1,173 5.2% 58
2020 6,726 6.0% 7,867 5.7% 1,238 5.6% 66
2021 7,063 5.0% 8,231 4.6% 1,294 4.5% 56
2022 7,397 4.7% 8,590 4.4% 1,348 4.2% 54
2023 7,745 4.7% 8,963 4.3% 1,405 4.2% 57
2024 8,105 4.6% 9,347 4.3% 1,463 4.1% 58

FORECAST
2025 8,480 4.6% 9,747 4.3% 1,524 4.1% 60
2026 8,739 3.1% 10,009 2.7% 1,564 2.6% 40
2027 9,033 3.4% 10,311 3.0% 1,610 2.9% 46
2028 9,340 3.4% 10,626 3.1% 1,658 3.0% 48
2029 9,641 3.2% 10,933 2.9% 1,704 2.8% 47
2030 9,952 3.2% 11,250 2.9% 1,753 2.8% 48
2031 10,188 2.4% 11,481 2.1% 1,787 2.0% 35
2032 10,459 2.7% 11,752 2.4% 1,828 2.3% 41
2033 10,768 3.0% 12,064 2.7% 1,876 2.6% 47
2034 11,099 3.1% 12,400 2.8% 1,926 2.7% 51
2035 11,437 3.0% 12,742 2.8% 1,978 2.7% 52
27
GENERATION
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
28
GENERATION
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
29
29
GENERATION
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Revised Generation Development Plan (2015 2025)
The Generation Development Plan is revised through a new set of electricity demand forecast, with medium term aim of
rejuvenating generation capacity especially in the East Coast. In the revised plan, reserve margin is set to be at minimum level
of 20% throughout planning horizon while Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) is capped at less than 1.5 day/year. In addition to
reserve margin and LOLE, the plan aimed at ensuring enough capacity at both ends with existing East-West Interconnection
performing crucial link-up function for the whole system.
With these reliability criteria, new additional capacities have been identified. East Coast dependency on energy from the West
Coast is expected to reduce, and will eventually strengthened the overall supply system. The revised Generation Development
Plan indicates a total new capacity of 388MW at the West Coast and 429MW in the East Coast will be required up till year 2025.
Most of the existing baseload plants including Sepanggar Bay Power Corporation and Kimanis Power are built at the West Coast
where the gas receiving terminals Sabah Gas Terminal (SGT) in Teluk Sepanggar and Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal (SOGT) are
located. However, the new baseload plant is planned to be located at the East Coast of Sabah and is expected to be fuelled by
Trans-Sabah Gas Pipeline which connects SGT at the west to Palm Oil Industrial Cluster (POIC) Sandakan at the East Coast of
Sabah.
The capacity requirement during short term period would be fulfilled by the commissioning of an 8MW upgrading of Tenom
Pangi and additional capacity from Renewable Energy (RE) sources such as the 10MW biomass and 10.8MW biogas plants.
These plants will help in serving the demand in years as early as 2015 and 2016. It is expected that more generation capacity will
be contributed by RE through the implementation of FiT in Sabah.
The planned commissioning of 90MW power plants in

Lahad Datu (30MW) and Sandakan (60MW) in year 2017 For this time horizon,
and 2018 respectively will contribute in meeting the states
short term demand growth, particularly in the East Coast.
electricity demand is
For the medium term requirement, new CCGT power plant projected to expand at an
with total capacity of 300MW in Sandakan is expected to
come on stream in stages during the years 2019 (200MW) average annual rate of 3%.
and 2020 (100MW). These plants are meant to cater the
medium to long term demand growth for the East Coast Thus, to prepare Sabah
and will act as an anchor plant with natural gas sources
through the Trans-Sabah Gas Pipeline. In order to diversify
for this growth as well
the generation fuel mix in Sabah, development of 180MW as to reduce the system
Upper Padas Hydroelectric Power Project (Upper Padas
HEP) is already in the pipeline for commissioning post 2023. dependency on gas fuelled
For this time horizon, electricity demand is projected to generation, the Generation
expand at an average annual rate of 3%. Thus, to prepare
Sabah for this growth as well as to reduce the system
Development Plan has
dependency on gas fuelled generation, the Generation
Development Plan has considered other sources of energy.
considered other sources
These include the state hydro potential as well as the energy of energy. These include
import from Sarawak, Brunei and Indonesia.
the state hydro potential as
Sabahs revised Generation Development Plan which
consists of committed and other approved projects for a well as the energy import
ten years planning horizon is depicted in Table 5 below:- from Sarawak, Brunei and
Indonesia.
30
GENERATION
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Table 5: Revised Generation Development Plan for Sabah
Installed Reserve LOLE

Year West Coast East Coast Capacity (MW) Margin (%) (day/year)
TSH Biogas (3MW)

2015 Tenom Pangi Upgrade (8MW) 1,324 40 0.12
QL (2MW)
Melawa GTM Relocation

(18MW)
Ranhill Powertron II additional
2016 Cahaya Bumijasa (3.8MW) 1,307 31 0.48
capacity until July 2016 (5MW) IOI Bio Energy (10MW)
Our Energy Group (2MW)
New Lahad Datu (30MW)

2017 - 1,314 24 1.03
New Sandakan (30MW)
2018 - New Sandakan (30MW) 1,374 23 1.30
2019 - CCGT (200MW) 1,538 31 0.43
2020 - CCGT (100MW) 1,571 71 0.26
2021 CCGT (100MW) - 1,661 28 0.14
2022 - - 1,661 23 0.43
2023 Upper Padas HEP (180MW) - 1,841 31 0.05
2024 - - 1,777 21 0.35
2025 Sabah Hydro (100MW) - 1,857 22 0.28
Total 388MW 429MW
Most of the diesel plants located at the Sabahs West Coast already retired in 2014, of which the gap was filled with commissioning
of Kimanis Power and SPR Energy CCGT plants. For the East Coast, existing diesel-fired / MFO plants are expected to be retired
after the commissioning of new 300MW CCGT plant in year 2019 and 2020. The scheduled retirement will involve cumulative
capacity reduction of 299.6MW as shown in Table 6 below:
Table 6: Retirement plan up to 2025
Year Plants Capacity (MW)
2015 Libaran (45MW) Based on latest DC declared by SO, SESB in July 2015 45
2016 Melawa (13.5MW), Tawau (13MW), Labuk (8MW) 34.5
2017 ARL (22.7MW) 22.7
2018 - -
2019 Serudong (36MW) 36
2020 Batu Sapi (17.4MW), Melawa GTM (18MW), Tawau GT2 (17MW), Libaran (15MW) 67.4
2021 TSH (10MW) 10
2022 - -
2023 - -
2024 Kubota (64MW) 64
2025 Kinabio (10MW), Seguntor (10MW) 20
Total Retirement Capacity (MW) 299.6
31
GENERATION
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
New Committed Generation Projects
Renewable energy is making a very significant stride in Sabah as more projects are being committed for commissioning in
2015/2016 period. In view of complexities of project implementation and to ensure enough capacity made available in the
system, some of the following projects were not considered in the revised Generation Development Plan. Nevertheless, these
projects still remain as components in the overall power generation planning.
The cumulative additional committed renewable capacity amount to 283.9MW with hydro contributes the most at 215.5MW
followed by geothermal 30MW, biomass 27.6MW and biogas 10.8MW. Upon successful completion of these projects, renewable
capacity will increase from 127MW in 2015 to 398MW in 2025.
Apart from committed new generation projects in Table 7, rejuvenation of generation continue with the development of 90MW
new dual-fired plant followed by 300MW CCGT power plant for commissioning in 2017, 2018 and 2019 at the back of impending
retirement of diesel and MFO power plants during that period.
Table 7: List of committed renewable energy projects
No Project Location Fuel SCOD Capacity (MW)

1 TSH Bio Gas Tawau Biogas Apr 2015 3
2 QL Tawau Biogas Nov 2015 2
3 Mistral Engineering Sandakan Biogas Nov 2015 3.8
4 Tenom Pangi Upgrade Tenom Pangi Hydro Dec 2015 8
5 Cahaya Bumijasa Tawau Biogas Jan 2016 3.8
6 IOI Bio Energy Sandakan Biomass Apr 2016 10
7 Our Energy Group Telupid Biogas July 2016 2
8 SD Resources Lahad Datu Biomass Aug 2016 7.6
9 Bell Tech Lahad Datu Biomass Nov 2016 10
10 One River Kota Marudu Hydro Dec 2016 27.5
11 Tawau Green Energy Tawau Geothermal Dec 2017 30
12 Upper Padas HEP Tenom Hydro 2023 180
Total Capacity (MW) 287.7
Upper Padas Hydroelectric Power Project

The idea of developing Upper Padas Hydroelectric Power Project (Upper Padas HEP) was long mooted as the government seeks
a more balanced approach to the fuel mix quandary faced by lack of realistic alternative to gas. Upper Padas HEP, planned as
storage-type dam with installed capacity of 180MW, is expected to act as an intermediate and peaking plant for the system.
In addition, the presence of large water-storage capacity can assist in flood control in Tenom and Beaufort due to overflow of
Sungai Padas.
Study on Upper Padas HEP is now at the engineering stage by SESB. Subject to appointment of project developer and EPC
contractor, Upper Padas HEP can be commissioned as early as 2024.
32
GENERATION
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Future Generation Mix
Future generation fuel mix for Sabah which is derived from the revised plan is as described in Figure 22 :
Figure 22: Generation fuel mix projection
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Diesel 1% 1% 2% 3% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
MFO 3% 2% 3% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Other RE 3% 5% 5% 5% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2%
Hydro 7% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 14% 14% 14%
Gas 86% 85% 83% 82% 89% 91% 92% 92% 83% 83% 85%
HHI 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.69 0.80 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.72 0.72 0.73
Current dependency of gas in the generation mix is expected to continue throughout the ten (10) years planning horizon
even after expected operationalisation of 180MW Upper Padas HEP beginning 2024 However, during gas supply curtailment,
diesel as the back-up fuel for all CCGTs will be use. In this regards, it is important for all plant operators to maintain adequate
diesel supply in addition to regular fuel changeover exercise. For prolonged outages, fuel supply system adequacy needs to be
assessed from time to time by all relevant stakeholders including off-taker and major fuel suppliers.
Nevertheless, together with output from Upper Padas HEP, hydro contribution in overall generation mix is projected to increase
from 7% in 2015 to 14% in 2025. Indeed, the role of hydroelectric is very crucial from supply security perspective throughout the
planning horizon with limited options available at present.
Approximately one-tenth of current generation mix is from renewable energy (RE). This considerably high generation mix took
into consideration the new definition of RE which includes large hydro as RE. The 32th ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting
(AMEM) held on 23rd September 2014 in Vientiane Lao PDR has agreed to the new definition of renewable energy which
includes all on-grid and off-grid hydro-based capacity and excludes traditional biomass. Thus, based on this new definition, large
hydro generation is considered as renewable energy sources under the generation mix.
After one year of implementation, FiT mechanism proved to be well received in Sabah. RE share towards the total generation
mix surges to up to 5% during the short to medium term window, significantly contributed by successful commissioning of
new biomass and biogas plants. While output is expected to be consistent, RE share in the generation mix will be reduce as
the output will be overly dependent on the palm oil wastes source from surrounding areas. Share of gas-based generation will
pick up after commencing operation of the East Coast CCGT plants in 2019. While the share is getting smaller, RE generation is
one of the key components to the fuel diversification effort in the system. Efforts then must be intensify to ensure security and
sustainability of feedstock.
33
GENERATION
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Current dependency of gas in the generation mix is expected
to continue throughout the ten (10) years planning horizon
even after expected operationalisation of 180MW Upper
Padas HEP beginning 2024.
Tenom Pangi Hydroelectric Power Plant
MFO plant contributes about 4% of the overall mix during the early planning horizon but phases out in stages starting in the year
2016. Meanwhile, diesel generation contributes around 1% to 2% upon commissioning of the new 90MW diesel plant. However,
the share will be markedly drops towards the end of the planning horizon after gas is made available in the East Coast through
the Trans-Sabah Gas Pipeline. The 60MW capacity in Sandakan will be then operated on gas while the 30MW capacity in Lahad
Datu will continue to operate on diesel.
Upon expiry of existing plants, MFO will cease from the generation mix as most of the output will be drawn from gas, hydro and
renewables. Diesel however, due to supply accessibility, will continue to perform complementary role in the main grid Sabah
and main fuel for rural, off-grid application. The reality, however, is that among the pre-requisites of a secure, robust electricity
supply system is the ability for power generation component to react to sudden fuel supply constraint.
Moving forward, other energy options such as coal-fired generation, indigneous hydro potential and power transfer via
interconnection with Sarawak are also important and can be considered to be part of a longer term development. At the
same time, possible interconnection with neighbouring countries such as Brunei, Indonesia and Philippines are currently being
explored and these cross border interconnection potential is deliberated further in the next chapter.
34
GENERATION
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Generation Capacity Projection
The system is projected to experience growth of between 4.5% to - 6% in the next 10 year period. Demand will be catered through
a combination of new and existing generation capacity. As mentioned in the previous chapter, key generation components
during this period will be the new 390MW diesel/gas plants in Lahad Datu and POIC Sandakan and 180MW Upper Padas HEP. In
addition, development of renewable energy under the FiT scheme will be intensified with the increase of surcharge on electricity
bill from 1.0% to 1.6%. It is expected that capacity from biomass and biogas will almost double from 33MW in 2013 to 64MW by
the end of 2016.
Generation capacity will increase by more than 500MW to 1,863MW by 2025 from 1,335MW in 2015. By 2020, it is expected that
MFO-based capacity will be retired from the grid system after full commissioning of the new CCGT in POIC Sandakan. As for the
hydroelectric potential, development of new plants will be crucial in order to reduce dependency to gas. In that respect, Upper
Padas HEP can be the catalyst to downstream potential development in Padas basin. With longer lead time compared to thermal
projects, hydroelectric potential will be develop in stages, thus ensuring proper resources management in terms of financing,
manpower and technology know-how.
Figure 23: Generation capacity mix projection
2020 2025
TOTAL CAPACITY=1,567MW TOTAL CAPACITY=1,863MW
2015 5% 4%
2%
TOTAL CAPACITY=1,335MW
6% 19%
4%
6% 2%
9%
8% 85% 77%
73%
GAS OTHER RE HYDRO DIESEL MFO
35
TRANSMISSION NETWORK
36
TRANSMISSION
NETWORK
37
37
SABAH NETWORK
West Coast and East Coast have been fully connected since 28th July 2007. As of first half of the year 2015, the highest
recorded maximum demand stood at 914MW on 12th May 2015 whilst the demand is being supported by 1,324MW of dependable
generation capacity distributed in the Sabah Grid. Currently, there are about 493 circuit-km of 275kV lines, 1,829 circuit-km of
132kV lines, and 118 circuit-km of 66kV transmission networks connecting all major townships in Sabah. Single line diagram for
the existing network is shown as follows:-
SESB TRANSMISSION NETWORK Figure 24: SESB transmission network
2x30MVA
Unggun Kudat
2x60MVA
OH OH Matunggong
2X308MVA 2X154MVA
Kadamaian 2x15MVA
Kundasang Mengaris
OH
2X154MVA 2x45MVA
OH
2X308MVA
2x30MVA
2x20MVA 3x15MVA 1x15MVA
Kota Belud
Sepangar Bay Tuaran
2x60MVA OH 2x45MVA
OH 2X59MVA
2X58MVA OH
2X154MVA
Alam UG
Mesra KKIP 2x15MVA
Melawa Kayumadang
2x35MVA 2x46MVA
UG
2X300MVA UG
2X300MVA
UMS2 Karambunai
OH
2x90MVA 2X58MVA
UG Teluk UG
2X150MVA UG 2x20MVA 2X300MVA
Salut
1X89MVA UMS6
Inanam 66kV UG
OH 2X300MVA
UG 2X140MVA
1X89MVA 3x50MVA
UG
1X89MVA Inanam Gayang
132kV
2x30MVA Tg.Lipat
OH
Rugading
OH
3x20MVA 2X58MVA 2X308MVA
Northern Town
Sutera OH
Minintod
2X140MVA Sandakan
UG 2x60MVA
Main Intake UG
2X300MVA UG UG OH
1X89MVA 3x30MVA 2X154MVA
Kepayan Tg Aru Karamunsing 2x30MVA
2x15MVA OH
LEGEND
Kota Kinabalu UG 2X154MVA
2x45MVA 2x20MVA 1X89MVA
Busbar
Kolopis Segaliud
2x30MVA OH 2x240MVA
2X59MVA 2x240MVA
UG 2x30MVA 2x30MVA
Lines
2X150MVA OH
2X641MVA
Nipah
Penampang Outgoing Load
3x20MVA 5x24MVA OH 2x60MVA
UG Kimanis 2X308MVA
2X300MVA OH Warisan Transformer
2X308MVA 2x240MVA Damroad
OH
KPSB OH 2X154MVA Generator
2X154MVA
OH
Papar
1X154MVA
Lok Kawi OH
Lahad Datu 275kV
2x60MVA 2X308MVA 3x30MVA Main Intake
Kunak
2x45MVA 132kV
Kalumpang UG
2x30MVA OH
OH
1X154MVA
OH
2x15MVA 2X92MVA Lahad 66kV
OH 2X308MVA OH Semporna
2X154MVA OH Datu P/S
1X154MVA
2X154MVA
Beaufort 33kV
ABC 2x30MVA
TSH
2x30MVA
11kV
Tawau UG
2x48.2MVA Main Intake 3x45MVA
OH Overhead Line
2x15MVA Semporna
Ranca-Ranca P/S
OH
2X154MVA OH
1X154MVA
SJ Kubota UG Underground Cable
2x77MVA UG
Tenom Pangi Lansat SUB Submarine Cable

2x60MVA
2x30MVA 3x7.5MVA
Patau-Patau UG Tawau ABC Aerial Bundle Cable
P/S
OH Tenom Town SPR
2X154MVA
3x10MVA
Serudong
Source: SESB
Drawn by: JPO
Keningau 2x15MVA Updated on : 12.01.2015
Legend: Busbar Transformer 132 kV 11 kV SUB Submarine Cable
38 Lines
Outgoing Load
Generator
275 kV
66 kV
33 kV
OH
UG
Overhead Line
Underground Cable
ABC Aerial Bundle Cable
Sabah
Due totransmission
Sabah geographical
transmission system is divided
reason,
system intotransmission
Sabah Westinto
is divided CoastWest
(WCG) andcan
system
CoastEast Coast
be
Grid (ECG) where
generally
(WCG) the bulk
divided
and East into of generation
two;
Coast capacity
West(ECG)
Grid Coast Gridand
where(WCG)
the and
bulkEast Coast Grid
of generation
demand
(ECG).
capacity is in
Dueand the WCG
to gas due to
resource
demand its economic
is inand
theeconomic
WCG dueactivities and
activitiesgas resource availability.
concentration,
to its economic the bulk
activities and of generation
gas resource capacity and demand is in the WCG.
availability.
25: Current
Figure 25:
Figure transmissionsystem
Current transmission systemininSabah
Sabah
LEGEND
POWER STATION
KUDAT
SUBSTATION
132kV
Sepanggar Bay
Power Corp. (SBPC) 275kV
KOTA
MARUDU
275kV (under construction)
Ranhill Powertron ll (RP2)
KOTA
BELUD
Ranhill Powertron (RP1)
KOTA
KINABALU
SANDAKAN
SPR Energy PENAMPANG RANAU
PAPAR
Kimanis Power
EAST COAST GRID
CAPACITY : 217.7 MW
Patau-Patau BEAUFORT
DEMAND : 296.3 MW
KENINGAU
TENOM KUNAK
Tenom Pangi HEP
WEST COAST GRID

CAPACITY : 1,106.2 MW
DEMAND : 617.3 MW SEMPORNA
N
TAWAU
Kubota
Transmission D
TRANSMISSION Development
EVELOPMENT Plan
PLAN
TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT
The 10-year transmission development PLANdemand forecast by TNB-SESB Planning Working Group
plan was based on electricity
The 10-year transmission development plan was based on electricity demand forecast by TNB-SESB planning working group
(TSPWG). Among others, the TSPWG was also tasked to appraise the transmission development projects. The works that have
(TSPWG). Among others, the TSPWG was also tasked to appraise the transmission development projects. The works that have
been carried out includes identification of transmission system requirements associated with load growth and security of the
Among
been others,
carried the TSPWG
out includes was alsooftasked
identification to appraise
transmission systemthe transmission
requirements development
associated with loadprojects.
growth The works that
and security have been carried out
of the
system. Resulting from the study, preliminary work such as acquisition of future substation land and survey for new transmission
system. Resulting from the study, preliminary work such as acquisition of future substation land and survey for new transmissio n
route will then carried out by SESB.
route will then
the study, carried outwork
preliminary by SESB.
such as acquisition of future substation land and survey for new transmission route will then carried out
TheSESB.
by 10-year plan was established by merging the existing transmission system modeled in base year with latest inputs that
The 10-yearnew
includes plan load
was established
forecast, by merging the
generation existing transmission
development systemretirement,
plan, plants modeled in base year with latest inputs
ongoing/committed that
transmission projects, and
includes new load forecast, generation development plan, plants retirement, ongoing/committed transmission projects, andthat the transmission
The 10-yearload-related
identified plan was established
substationby merging
projects. theThe
existing transmission
planning criterionsystem modeled
of (N-1) in base
is adhered toyear
at allwith
timeslatest
to inputs
ensure that includes new load
identified load-related
development plan substation projects. with
is in compliance The planning criterion
the License of (N-1) is adhered
Condition, Sabah to at all
and times toGrid
Labuan ensure that and
Code the transmission
Transmission System Reliability
development
Standards. plan is in compliance
Compliance with withperformance
the the License Condition,
criteria Sabah
and and
limitsLabuan
as Grid Code and
stipulated in Transmission
the Grid Code System
also Reliability
require
projects. The
Standards. planningwith
Compliance criterion
the of (N-1) is adhered
performance criteria tolimits
and at all as
times to ensure
stipulated in that
the Gridthe
Codetransmission
also require development
system plan is system
reinforcement
reinforcement
in compliance with the
projects to resolve the fault level issue in the identified areas.
License Condition, Sabah and Labuan Grid Code and
projects to resolve the fault level issue in the identified areas.Transmission System Reliability Standards. Compliance with the performance criteria and
39
39
37
There
Thereare are1111ongoing
ongoing transmission projects
transmission currently
projects being carried
currently beingoutcarried
by SESB,out
which
by isSESB,
based which
on the is
findings
basedbyon TSPWG
the findings by TSPWG
are
are necessary
necessary to cater for load
to cater for growth and system
load growth andsecurity.
systemThe projects The
security. are financed
projectsthrough grant or through
are financed soft loan from theor soft loan from the
grant
implementation
government.
government. ForFor ofimplementation
the proposed
implementation new
of the projects
proposed
of which
new
the proposed willwhich
projects
new be in will
stages,
projects inproject
bewhich
stages, reassessment
willproject stages, will
be in reassessment be
willconducted
project be prior will
conducted
reassessment to execution.
be conducted
prior to execution.
prior to execution.
Upgrading works particularly on the 66kV network will alleviate the possibility of high fault level in the event of fault occurrence. Interim
Upgrading
operational
Upgrading works particularly
measure
works suchon asthe
particularly 66kV
thenetwork
66kVofwill
introduction
on o alleviate
network theisalleviate
will possibility
already theof high fault level
implemented
possibility ofinhigh
and the event
should oflevel
fault in
faultreduce occur
the
theamount
event ofof fault level, rence.
fault occurrence.
hence
Interim
reducingoperational measure such
the risk of equipment
Interim operational measure suchas introduction
failure
asthough of off-point(s) is
at the expense
introduction already implemented
of reliability
of off-point(s) and should
and security
is already reduce the
of the network.
implemented amount of fault
and should reduce the amount of fault
level,
level,hence
hencereducing the risk
reducing theofrisk
equipment failure though
of equipment failureatthough
the expense of reliability
at the expenseand ofsecurity of the
reliability andnetwork.
security of the network.
Securing access for new transmission and distribution lines remains a huge challenge to SESB. Delays in project implementation, more
Securing
Securing access for new transmission and distribution lines remains a huge challenge to SESB. Delays into
project implementation,
often thanaccess for new
not, were transmission
attributed and in
to the delay distribution
getting thelines remains
wayleave a huge
or access challenge
to SESB. Delays
the site. Consequently, theinplanned
projectlines
implementation,
were not able
more
moreoften than
often not,not,
than werewere
attributed to the delay
attributed in getting
to the delay in thegetting
wayleave or access
the to theorsite.
wayleave Consequently,
access the planned
to the site. line
Consequently, the planned liness
to be completed on time and put more constraints to the System Operator, which then had to resort to the less than optimal operational
were
werenot
notable to be
able to completed
be completedon timeonand putand
time moreputconstraints to the SystemtoOperator,
more constraints the SystemwhichOperator,
then had towhich
resort to the less
then had to resort to the less
regime.
than
thanoptimal
optimaloperational regime.
operational regime.
Figure26:25:
Figure
Figure Transmissionprojects
26: Transmission
Transmission Projects
projectsAssociated
associated with
with
associated System
system
with Development
development
system development
LEGEND
132kV
KUDAT
275kV
132kV (future)
MATUNGGONG 275kV (future)
KOTA KINABALU
1. KK Outer Ring Phase 2 (2015) KOTA MENGGARIS
2. PMU Tuaran 132/33kV (2015) BELUD
3. PMU Kolombong 132/33kV (2015) SANDAKAN
RANAU SAPI NANGOH
1. PMU Seguntor 132/33kV (2015)
1. PMU 132/33kV (2015) 1. PMU 132/33kV (2015)
2. PMU Elopura 132/33kV (2015)
KOTA
KINABALU RANAU SANDAKAN
SEGALIUD
PAPAR
BEAUFORT
1. PMU ATC 1x30MVA KENINGAU
Beaufort (2010) 1. PMU ITC Keningau (2015)
KOTA
KINABATANGAN
KENINGAU
DAM ROAD
WARISAN
BEAUFORT
KUNAK
TENOM 1. PMU ITC 2x30MVA Kunak
PANGI KUNAK
NABAWAN (2014) (Completed)
1. PMU 132/33kV (2015) KALUMPANG
SIPITANG
1. PMU Mengalong
275/132/33kV (2015) SEMPORNA
N
TAWAU
TAWAU
1. PMU Apas132/33/11kV (2016)
40
40
38
Figure 26: Future Network until Year 2025
Figure 27: Future transmission system in Sabah
Figure 27: Future transmission system in Sabah
N LEGEND
KUDAT Transmission PMU (existing)

132kV (current)
46.5KM 275kV (current)
MATUNGGONG 132kV (future)
55KM 275kV (future)

MENGGARIS
KOTA BELUD
76KM
RANAU
KOTA SAPI NANGOH
KINABALU SANDAKAN
KOLOPIS 45KM
LOK KAWI
31.5KM
255KM SEGALIUD
PAPAR
118KM
KIMANIS 51KM
68.5KM DAM ROAD 5.3KM
LABUAN KENINGAU LAHAD DATU
BEAUFORT WARISAN
70KM
SIPITANG 40KM
35.5KM 90KM
TENOM SSU KUNAK
TENOM PANGI NABAWAN
40KM TENOM
KALUMPANG
UPPER PADAS 50KM SEMPORNA

LAWAS 800KM 33KM
TAWAU
SOUTHERN LINK 275KV

TRANSMISSION PROJECT
41
41
39
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
42
GOVERNMENT
INITIATIVES
43
43
GOvERNANCE OF SABAh ELECTRICITY SuPPLY INDuSTRY

With the addition of generation capacity from several new power plants in the West and East Coast of Sabah, existing dependable
capacity increased to 1,324MW. The peak load is expected to reach 946MW in year 2015, an indication of relatively comfortable
reserve margin though still vulnerable to disturbance in the event of large units multiple tripping.
Government recognizes that there is a need to increase the quality of power industry in Sabah and to ensure a more reliable
electricity supply is delivered as electricity industry is the major catalyst for Sabahs development and industrialisation activities
especially in the East Coast area. The Government is also aware of the electricity supply system in Sabah and Labuan which
requires further improvement due to the limited robustness of the existing transmission and distribution network. This issue
coupled with occurrence of theft of electricity contributes to the incidence of frequent power disruptions in Sabah.
In view of this situation and in line with the Governments efforts to ensure and improve the efficiency of the electricity supply
industry in Sabah, the Ministry of Energy, Green technology and Water together with the MyPOWER Corporations has conducted
a study on the Strategy Development and Implementation Plan for Sabah Electricity Supply Industry (SESI). This study covers
improvement strategies of Sabah electricity supply system including initiatives to improve the quality of services by Sabah
Electricity Sdn. Bhd. (SESB), as the utility and the sole holder of the license of electricity supply in Sabah and Labuan. In addition,
the Government through Suruhanjaya Tenaga is monitoring the situation of electricity supply and has drawn up a development
plan of the electricity supply industry in Sabah.
SESI covers improvement strategies of Sabah electricity

supply system including initiatives to improve the quality of
services by Sabah Electricity Sdn. Bhd. (SESB), as the utility
and the sole holder of the license of electricity supply in
Sabah and Labuan.
SPR Energy CCGT Power Plant
44
Among the initiatives that have been identified to improve the governance in the electricity supply industry of Sabah, is as
follows: -
Table 8: Initiatives to enhance governance in Sabah electricity supply industry
No Initiatives
1 Establishment of Grid System Operator (GSO), Grid Owner (GO) and Single Buyer (SB) within SESB
2 SESB Counter Review of new Sabah & Labuan Grid Code
Operationalise of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for SESBs Major power plants (Tenom Pangi,
3
Kubota and Patau-Patau)
4 Establishment of Divisional Accounting for each division in SESB
5 Establishment of Sabah Grid System Reliability Standard (SGSRS)
6 Setting of SESB KPIs and monitoring performance on quarterly basis
7 Development of Distribution Code for Sabah and Labuan
In the meantime, the Ministry, Suruhanjaya Tenaga and SESB have also identified several mitigations for short-term, medium
and long term to overcome the weakness of the electricity supply system in Sabah and Labuan within the next 5 years period
(2015 to 2020). In addition, the Government has also established a Special Project Team for Sabah known as SAPADU which will
implement and regulate the electricity supply projects in Sabah and Labuan.
45
46
FUTURE
POTENTIAL
47
47
FUTURE POTENTIAL
Federal Government through the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water since year 2009 has allocated grants
amounting to RM 795 million and more than RM 2,656 million of soft loan to SESB in order to implement various generation,
transmission and distribution projects. Under the 11th Malaysia Plan, the Government has allocated another of RM2.295 billion to
strengthen Sabah electricity supply system within the next 5 years (2015 2020). The Government also established a dedicated
project team namely SAPADU to undertake and monitor project implementation identified under this new allocation.
Apart from all initiatives and assistance which have been planned by government together with the utility company, there are
also a few options that can be adopted and studied further to improve the electricity supply industry in Sabah.
Sabah Hydro Potential Development

Harnessing the states remaining hydroelectric potentials remains one of most viable options for Sabah so as to get continuous
sustainable supply of energy at affordable prices. For the 10-year revised Generation Development Plan, two large hydroelectric
plants have been identified as possible candidates. The 180MW Upper Padas HEP is targeted for commissioning in the year
2024.
SESB is currently undertaking a study on Sabah Hydro Potential Development to assess further hydro potential and identified
sites for its hydro mapping. Based on the latest development, 8 out of 12 sites identified earlier have been proposed for feasibility
study under the 11th Malaysia Plan.
Table 9: List of Sabah hydro potential
No Site River Capacity Feasibility Study Period
1 LW.06 Liwagu 57 2015 2017
2 PD.01 Padas 114 2015 2017
3 WC.05 Tuaran 41 2016 2018
4 PD.08 Padas 120 2016 2018
5 PD.14 Padas 59 2016 2018
6 PD.03 Padas 48 2016 2018
7 LW.05 Liwagu 45 2017 2019
8 PD.09 Padas 67 2017 2019
Total Capacity (MW) 551
48
FUTURE POTENTIAL
Figure
Figure36:
Figure 27: Future Hydropower
28: Future hydropowerIn in
Sabah
Sabah
LEGEND
KUDAT TOWN / STATE
OTHER HYDRO SITES
UPPER PADAS HEP

KOTA MARUDU
K.BELUD
Gunung
Kinabalu Turtle
TUARAN WC05
RANAU LW06
K.KINABALU
LW05 SANDAKAN
PENAMPANG
PAPAR
Kota
Binsuluk
Kinabatangan
BEAUFORT T
Menumbok PD01 KENINGAU Reserve
Fo r
W.P PD03
TENOM Valley
ATU
SIPITANG PD14 Conservation
Area KUNAK
PD09 Tawau
PD08 Conservation
Area
SEMPORNA
TAWAU
N
47
49
FUTURE POTENTIAL
Prospect for Inter/Intra State Interconnection

The potential of electricity supply through interconnections with Sarawak and neighbouring countries is explored to further
optimize Sabah grid system. Initial steps have been undertaken by SESB with various parties so as to consult the needs and
barriers of having the electricity interconnections. These interconnections are also parts of the ASEAN Power Grid (APG).
For Malaysia, it will be guided by guidelines on cross border interconnection established by the Ministry of Energy, Green
Technology and Water. Some of the guidelines highlighted are as follows:
Table 10: Guidelines for cross border electricity exchange and trading policy framework
No Guidelines
1 Ability to fulfill and supply forecasted peak demand
2 Ability to fulfill and supply forecasted electricity demand
3 Ability to fulfill and maintain system requirement and reliability
4 Transaction to be conducted in accordance to market based pricing
5 Ability to fulfill comfortable reserve margin requirement
6 Consideration towards Government target to reduce carbon emission
Besides emergency conditions, Utility have to prove that the energy import is less expensive than cost of electricity
7
production in the country
Sabah-Sarawak-Brunei Interconnection
The proposed establishment of a fully integrated 275kV backbone system in Sabah enables further enhancement of the system
grid reliability and provide flexibility for cross border interconnection. Part of the 275kV system includes PMU Mengalong,
Sipitang (275/132/33kV) at the West Coast and PMU Kalumpang, Tawau (275/132/33 kV) at the East coast of Sabah. By having
these upgrading systems, more interconnection projects under the ASEAN Power Grid (APG) namely; Sabah-Sarawak-Brunei
Interconnection and Kalimantan Interconnection could be implemented and materialised.
The ASEAN Interconnection Master Plan Study (AIMS) has earlier recommended an interconnection project connecting
Sarawak-Sabah-Brunei systems with a maximum capacity of 300MW to be commissioned by the year 2019. The project has
been assessed in detail recently under the Trans-Borneo Power Grid Interconnection Implementation Study funded by EC-
ASEAN Energy Facility.
At utility level, Head of Agreement (HOA) for the feasibility study of Sabah-Sarawak Interconnection has been signed in 2013
between SESB and SEB. A more optimise solution requires interconnection with Brunei system as the infrastructure development
can then be better allocated and utilised. Initial findings of the study indicated that Interconnection can be conducted in 2
phases. For Phase 1, interconnection can be done through 33kV lines connecting PMU Megalong to Lawas in which two-ways
power transfer is envisaged due to different peak periods. For Phase 2, interconnection at transmission level (132kV or 275kV)
is required to enable higher power transfer.
Sabah-North Kalimantan Interconnection

The discussion on Sabah-North Kalimantan Interconnection started during the years 2011 - 2012, leading to signing of Non-
Disclosure Agreement (NDA) for feasibility study purposes. To facilitate the interconnection study, a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) between SESB and PLN of Indonesia was signed in 2014 with the objective to explore the feasibility
of Sabah-North Kalimantan interconnection. Subsequently, discussion centred around the interconnection options - either on
economic exchange, economic exchange with minimum off take or on energy purchase.
50
FUTURE POTENTIAL
Figure 26: Potential of Sabah Interconnection between neighboring countries
Figure 29: Potential of Sabah Interconnection between neighboring countries
LEGEND
TOWN / STATE
Palawan, Philippines
Identied S/S : PMU
Menggaris, K.Marudu
Distance to border : 90km
KOTA
KINABALU
SANDAKAN
PAPAR
Mindanao, Philippines
LAHADDATU Identied S/S : PMU Dam Road,
W.P.LABUAN Lahad Datu
Sarawak & Brunei

Identied S/S :
PMU Mengalong, Sipitang
Tarakan/Nunukan,
Distance to border : 13km Indonesia
SIPITANG
TAWAU
N Identied S/S : PMU
Kalumpang, Tawau
Sabah-Philippines (Mindanao and/or Palawan) Interconnection

The interconnection of Sabah-Philippines through Palawan was identified under the AIMS II with the earliest scheduled commercial
date of operation by the year 2020. The Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) meeting
in Davao, Philippines between senior officials from the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia agreed on commencing a pre-
feasibility assessment of further integration of power systems among the three countries.
Pre-feasibility assessment of the Borneo-Mindanao power interconnection (ADB TA-8040 REG: Master plan on ASEAN
Connectivity Implementation) was conducted by Asian Development Bank in 2014. Subsequent to the preliminary study, a
more detailed power system interconnection study is required so that most feasible options can then be drawn for further
consideration.
51
FUTURE POTENTIAL
Trans-Sabah
TRANS-SABAHGas Pipeline
GASPIPELINE
TheLNG
The LNG regasification
regasification terminal
terminal (RGT) in(RGT)
Lahadin Lahad
Datu Datu was
was initially initially
planned planned as
as replacement to replacement to the cancelled
the cancelled coal-fired power coal-fired power
plantproject.
plant project. However,
However, due
due to to security
security concern concern and higher
and relatively relatively higher
gas price thatgas pricebeyond
remains that remains beyond
the level that the level that can be
can be
afforded
afforded byby
thethe
system, the RGT
system, theproject was thenwas
RGT project deemed
then todeemed
be not viable.
to be not viable.
In
Inplace
placeofof
thethe
RGT, a new
RGT, gas pipeline
a new known known
gas pipeline as the Trans-Sabah Gas Pipeline Gas
as the Trans-Sabah is now being planned
Pipeline is nowto be develop
being in order
planned todeveloped in order to
to be
transport
transport natural gas gas
natural fromfrom
Kota Kinabalu to Sandakan.
Kota Kinabalu PrerequisitePrerequisite
to Sandakan. to development to of CCGT plants, implementation
development of CCGT plants, of the gas
implementation of the gas
pipeline
pipelineproject
projectwillwill
alsoalso
allowallow
other industrial consumers
other industrial along the pipeline
consumers vicinity
along the an opportunity
pipeline vicinity to
anutilise gas unliketo
opportunity beutilise gas unlike before.
fore.
Details
Detailsofof
thethe
proposal
proposalare unknown, however
are unknown, the project
however theis project
now being
is seriously
now being considered at policy-decision
seriously considered at level. Subject
policy-decision level. Subject
to
toapproval,
approval, pipeline alignment
pipeline and land
alignment andacquisition exercises are
land acquisition expectedare
exercises to be conducted
expected towith close cooperation
be conducted with by statecooperation by state
close
agencies.
agencies.
Figure 27: Trans-Sabah Figure

Gas30:Pipeline
Trans-Sabah Gas Pipeline
Figure 30: Trans-Sabah Gas Pipeline
LEGEND
CITY GATE STATION

KUDAT
TOWN / STATE
PITAS PIPELINE ROUTE
KOTA
MARUDU
KOTA
BELUD
Northern Onshore
TUARAN Pipeline
Tuaran - Sandakan
SANDAKAN
(360km)
W.P.LABUAN
LAHADDATU
TAWAU
N
52
52
FUTURE POTENTIAL
LABuAN DEvELOPMENT PLAN

Labuan is connected to the mainland grid through Labuan-
Beaufort Interconnection (LBI) 132kV submarine cables
Labuan is served by 1 main intake
since 1990. The project that includes construction of 14.5km
submarine cables, two substations in Labuan and Beaufort substation in Rancha-Rancha, 7
and 70km overhead lines was built through privatisation distribution substations and more
exercise and operated by LBI Sdn. Bhd. for 15 years prior to than 55km-length of
handing over to SESB. Throughout 25 years of operation, the 33kv/11kv underground
LBI has proved to be one of the important elements in the
Sabah power system as cost-effective electricity generated
and overhead lines.
from SJ Patau-Patau is supplied to consumers through the
installation.
SJ Patau-Patau has been in operation since 1983 with initial

80% of the
consumers are in domestic category
capacity of 73MW, consists of two gas turbines and one
steam turbine. In 1995, additional gas turbine of 31MW was followed by industrial, public and
installed to bring the total capacity to 104MW. Considering commercial categories.
the age of the plant, it is timely that life assessment study to
be carried out to determine the plant remaining economic
life before any decision to upgrade or redevelop being
made.
In terms of distribution network, Labuan is served by 1

main intake substation in Rancha-Rancha, 7 distribution
substations and more than 55km-length of 33kV/11kV
underground and overhead lines. Currently, close to 80% of the consumers are in domestic category followed by industrial, public
and commercial categories. With peak demand in excess of 55MW compared to total capacity of 290MVA, the distribution
network is expected to be able to serve consumers in the short to medium term.
As the international business and financial centre, Labuan requires reliable supply of electricity at all time. In this respect, SESB
has commenced the study to improve Labuan supply system that is schedule to complete by the end of the year.
The project that includes construction of 14.5km submarine

cables, two substations in Labuan and Beaufort and 70km
overhead lines was built through privatisation exercise and
operated by LBI Sdn. Bhd. for 15 years prior to handing over
to SESB.
PMU Beaufort
53
FUTURE POTENTIAL
54
CLOSURE
A
dequate and reliable generation capacity, robust transmission and distribution network and operational sustainability
are some of the hallmarks of a performing electricity supply system, which the elements are still not found in the
case of Sabah electricity supply industry. Total system collapse in January 2014 has called for a thorough review
that triggered action plans set to be accomplished during the 10th and 11th Malaysia planning period. With proper execution
of new infrastructure development or system upgrades, identified critical weaknesses will be corrected that will result in
improved performance of overall system.
One must also look beyond the infrastructure aspect as improvement in operation and maintenance culture needs to be
speeded up in order to bring the best out of the investment. Introduction of various initiatives such as IBR, ring-fencing of
Single Buyer and Grid System Operator as well as SLAs for SESB-owned power plants are being carried out to institutionalise
operational discipline and accountability within the organisation.
SESB as the utility, while assisted by significant government grant and fuel subsidies, is also saddled with huge debts that
limits the ability to finance new projects. In this respect, establishment of SAPADU will ensure that all the projects are to be
implemented as planned. RM 2.295 billion has been allocated to strengthen Sabah electricity supply system within the next
5 years under the 11th Malaysia Plan.
The development of new diesel/gas capacity of 390MW in the East Coast area and 180MW Upper Padas HEP project in
the West Coast will address the medium and long term requirement of the system. In addition, study will be carried out
to determine the feasibility of remaining hydro potential. While gas continues to dominate the landscape, development of
renewable energy for power in the form of hydroelectric, palm oil wastes, geothermal and solar is essential for security of
supply.
Interconnection with neighbouring systems must be further explored to capitalise on each member advantages. As such,
regional cooperation framework or arrangement that will mutually benefits all participants must be pursued.
In general, the work-in-progress status of the electricity supply industry in Sabah requires concerted efforts from all the
relevant agencies. SAPADU in particular will help to further improve deliverable of projects that are critical to the system
reliability. It is our hope that significant development and improvement of overall system performance can then be reported
in the next edition to provide milestones to this long journey of bringing the Sabah electricity supply industry up to the
stakeholders expectation.
55
55
NOTE
56
NOTE
57
NOTE
58
SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION)
No 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Precinct 2, 62100 Putrajaya
Toll Free: 1 800 22 2278 Telephone: (03) 8870 8500 Fax: (03) 8888 8637
www.st.gov.my

Sabah Electricity Supply Industry Outlook 2015

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Sabah Electricity

No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Precinct 2, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia.

GENERATION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 29

For 2014, the Malaysia

48% Services economy grew by 6.0%

Initiatives taken to achieve the targeted SAIDI includes the following:

Figure 2: SAIDI of Sabah 2008 - 2014

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Generation Capacity And Energy Mix

Table 1: Three new commissioned plants in 2014

Installed Commercial Operation Date

SPR Energy Sdn. Bhd. (SPR) 100 13th August 2014

Cash Horse Sdn. Bhd. 10 5th November 2014

Kimanis Power Sdn. Bhd. (KPSB) 285 7th November 2014

74% Gas 76% Gas

COD KPSB Block 2

900 Retirement of Omega

Maximum Demand 2014 Retirement of SESB plants Maximum Demand 914MW

Dependable capacity in Sabah stood at 1,324MW

No Plant Owner Dependable Capacity (MW) Fuel Commissioning Year

2 Tawau SESB 30 Diesel 1984

3 Mini Hydro Melangkap SESB 0.8 Hydro 1990

4 Mini Hydro Sayap SESB 0.8 Hydro 1991

5 Patau-Patau SESB 104.5 Gas 1992

6 Melawa SESB 31.5 Diesel 1992

7 Mini Hydro Merotai SESB 0.8 Hydro 1992

8 Mini Hydro Bombalai SESB 0.8 Hydro 1996

9 Labuk Canopy Genset SESB 8 Diesel 2009

11 Kubota SESB 64 Diesel 2013

Total capacity of SESB plants (MW) 327.6

12 ARL Power (ARL)4 IPP 22.7 Diesel 1996

13 Serudong Power IPP 36 MFO 1996

14 Stratavest (Libaran)5 IPP 15 MFO 1998

15 Ranhill Powertron (RP1) IPP 190 Gas 1998

17 Sepanggar Bay Power Corp. (SBPC) IPP 100 Gas 2006

18 Kina Biopower IPP 10 Biomass 2009

19 Seguntor Bioenergy IPP 10 Biomass 2009

20 Esajadi Sg. Kedamaian IPP 2 Hydro 2009

21 Ranhill Powertron II (RP2)6 IPP 195.4 Gas 2010

22 Esajadi Sg. Pangapuyan IPP 4.5 Hydro 2011

23 Teck Guan IPP 3 Biomass 2011

24 Kimanis Power IPP 285 Gas 2014

25 SPR Energy IPP 100 Gas 2014

26 Cash Horse IPP 10 Biomass 2014

27 TSH Biogas7 IPP 2.7 Biogas 2015

Total capacity of IPP plants (MW) 996.3

SESBs share of total on-grid

Kimanis Power CCGT Power Plant

POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE

Table 3: Sabahs power plant performance in 2014

Average Thermal Equivalent Availability Equivalent Unplanned

SESB IPP SESB IPP SESB IPP

Combined Cycle Diesel Hydro

ERFORMANCE Improving SESB Financial Viability Through Tariff Revision

unted to 4,765GWh in 31.00

increased marginally 21.00

ng the net total subsidy. 6.00

stated). Finance Costs Depreciation & Amortisation Operation & Maintenance

IPP Costs Fuel Costs Average Tariff

st per unit (CPU) was

Financial Performance of IPP

Figure 13: Profitability of IPPs in Sabah

FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013

Cost of sales 432 455 616 468 403