(u)) + C = F(x) + C

PROBLEMAS RESUELTOS:

2x 1 u du 1 1 u3 / 2
u
2x 1 dx = = u 1/2
1) = du = +C=

2dx du 2 2 23/2

1 3/2 1 /

u + C = 2x
2
= +C
13 3 3

2x 1 u 1
2) 2x 1
x dx = =
u1
u
du u u
= 3/2 1/ 2
du =
2dx du 2 2 4

1 u 5 / 2 u 3 / 2 1 5 / 2 1 u3 / 2 + C =
= + C= u +
 Procedimientos de integracin 35
4 5 / 2 3 / 2 10 6

1
= 2x 15 / 2 + 1 2x 13 / 2 + C
10 6

sen3x u 1 1u3
3) sen 3xcos3x dx =
2
= u 2
du = +C=

3cos3x dx du 3 3 3
1 1
sen3x 3 + C
3
= u +C=
9 9

x3u du 1
4) x senx dx =
2 3
= senu = cosu + C =

3x dx du
2
3 3

=
1

cos x 3 + C
3

x u
sec2 x 2
5) x
dx = 1
dx du = 2sec u du = 2 tgu + C = 2 tg x + C

2 x

x senu
6) 1 x 2
dx = = cosu du = cos2 u du =
1 sen 2 u
dx cosu du

1 cos2u 1 1
=
du = u+ sen2u + C=
 2 2 4
1 1
= arcsenx + x 1 x2 + C
2 2
sen 2u 2 senu cosu 2 x
36 Introduccin al clculo integral
1 x2

2
x
7) Calcular: I 1 x 2 2
dx

xu dx du
x dx 1
v
dv

1 x 2 2

2 1 x2

x 1 dx x 1
I= + 2
2 1 x 2 2 1 x
=

2 1 x2
+
2
arctgx + C
 Procedimientos de integracin 37

x 2 a dx
2
8) Calcular: I=

x
2 a2 u dx du
: x
x2 a
2

dx dv xv

x2 x 2 a2 a2
x a x a
2 2 2 2

x2 a 2
I=x dx = x dx =

x2 a
2

x 2 a2 dx
x 2 a 2
=x dx a
2
=
x2 a x2 a
2 2

2 dx a
x2 a2 2 a
2
=x x dx a x a 1
=

x
x 2 a 2 I a Log x2 1 + C
2
=x
a a2

2
x x2 a 2 a x 2
I= Log x 1 +C
2 2 a a2

Mx N Mx N Mr Mr xr

x r dx = M
dx = dx +
x r x r 2
9) s
s s2
2 2 2 2

+
N Mr
2 2
dx =
M Log x r 2
s 2 + Mr N dx =

x r s 2 x r 2
s 2 1
s
dx
 =
M

Log x r 2 s 2 +
N Mr
s =
2 s x r 2
1
38 Introduccin
s al clculo integral

10)
2x 13 2x 1 dx
dx =
I1 = dx =
x

x2 x 1 x2 x 1 + 12 1 3
2

2 4

4 dx
3 2
2
= Log | x + x + 1 | + 12 2
=
1
x 1
3 3

3 2 / 3 dx =

2
= Log | x + x + 1 | + 16
2 2x 1 2
1
3
2x 1
= Log| x 2 + x + 1| + 8 3 arctg +C
3
 Integracin de funciones racionales 39

11)

2 1 8 2x 1
I= Log | x 2 | + Log| x 2 + x + 1 | + 3 arctg +C
7 7 7 3










 40 Introduccin al clculo integral

x 1 dx 5x 2
I= +2 +

x 5 x 2x 2 dx =
x2 2x 2 2

x 1 5
= + 2Log|x 5| + Log| x 2 + 2x + 2| 7 arctg(x + 1) + C
x2 2x 2 2

2dt
dx
1t 2 2 =
11) I = 2senx cosx 5
= { tg(x/2) = t } =
4t2
1t
5
1t 1 t 2
2dt 2dt dt
= 4t 1 t 2
5 5t 2
= 6t 2
4t 4
= 3t 2
2t 2
=

dt 3 dt 1 3t 1
= 1
2
5
=
5 3t 1 2
=
5
arctg
5
+C =

3t 1
3 3 5

1 3tgx / 2
5 arctg
= +C
5 5

2t 2dt

senx

12) I = dx = { tg(x/2) = t } = 1 t 22 1 t 2 =
1 cosx senx 1 t 2t 12
1 t
1 t 2
4tdt 4tdt

= 1 t 1 t
2 2
1 t 2 2t = 21 t t 1=
2
 Integracin de funciones trigonomtricas 41

13)
2tdt
= t 1t 2

1

2t A Bt C

t 1t 2 1
= +
t 1 t21

14)
dt t 1 1 2
1 + arctg t + C =
I= t 1+ t 2
1
dt = Log t 1 +
2
Log t

x
= Log 1 tgx 2 +
1
Log 1 tg 2 x / 2 + + C
2 2

senxcosx cos x
2 senxcosx dx = { tgx = t } =
4

15) I =
 42 Introduccin al clculo integral
16)

t 1 1

1 t 2 1 t 2 1 t dt =
= t 1 1t2
2 2
1 t 1t 2

t

1
t 1 t 2 1
1 t 2 1 t 2 2
dt 1 t 2 2
dt

= t = 21 t t 1 t =
2 1 t 2 2 2

1t2 1 t 2

17)

1 3t 2t 5 1
I=

2 1 t 2
+ t dt
+ 2t 2
t 2
dt =
2 1t2+

2
1

1 1 dt
+3arctg t Log t 2 1 + Log 2t 2 t 2 11 2
2 2 2 2t t 2

18)

dt 8 dt
2t
dt
I1 = 2
t 2
=
1
2
15
=
15 4t 1 2
=

2t 1
2 2 8 15

2 15 4t 1
= arctg + C
15 15

 Integracin de funciones trigonomtricas 43

19)
1 1 2 1 2

1 + Log 2t t 2
+ 3 arctg t Logt
I=

2 1 t 2 2
2

4t 1
112 15 arctg +C
2 15
15

1 2tg 2 x tgx 2 11 1 4tgx

+C
21 tg 2 x
I= + Log arctg
1 tg 2 x 15 15
 44 Introduccin al clculo integral

sen 3 x
senx 1 cos 2 x
dx = senx1 cosx dx =
I = 1 cosx dx = 1 cosx

1 2
x+C

= senx dx senx cosx dx = cosx
2
sen

21)
2 Log 2 | x | dx 2 t2
I= x Log | x | x dx = { Logx = t
x
= dt } = t 1 dt =

dt t2
= t 1 dt + 3 t 1 = 2
+ t + 3Log | t 1| + C =

Log 2 | x |
= + Log |x| + 3Log Log x 1 + C
2

22)

22) senx / 2cos5x / 2

I= sen3x
dx

senAcosB sen A B senA B

1
2
1
senx 2cos5x 2 sen3x sen2x
2
sen2x 2senxcosx

sen3x sen2x x senxcos2x cosxsen2x

senxcos 2 x sen 3 x 2senxcos2 x

3senxcos 2 x sen 3 x 3senx 1 sen 2 x sen 3 x

senx 3 4sen x 2

 Integracin de funciones trigonomtricas 45

1 sen3x sen2x 1 1 sen 2x

2
dx
dx = dx
2
I = sen3x 2 sen3x

sen2x senxcosx cosx

I1 = dx = 2 senx3 4sen xdx = 2 3 4sen

2 2
x
dx =
sen3x

dt 2 dt
3 4t =
3
= { senx = t cosx dx = dt } = 2 2
= 2t
2

1
3
2t 1 du
3
= u dt du = 3
3 2 1u2

24)
1 = A + B = A1 u B1 u A 1 , B 1

1 u 2 1 u 1 u 1u2 2 2

1 1 1 |1 u |
I1 = Log|1 u| + Log|1 + u| + C = Log +C=
2 3 2 3 2 3 |1 u |

1 | 3 2t |
= Log +C
2 3 | 3 2t |

1 1 | 3 2senx |
I= x+ Log +C
2 4 3 | 3 2senx |
25)

dx
I= 1 2x

2 /3
1 2x 1 / 2

dx 3t 5

t
= 3t 5 dt = 3 2 dt

t t 1
4
t3

dt 3 2
3t 3Log t 1 +C
I = 3 t 1 dt 3
t 1 = 2 t
3
= 1 2x 1 / 3 31 2x 1 / 6
3Log 1 2x 1 / 6 1 +C
 Integracin de funciones irracionales 47
2

26)
2
I= 2 x dx

t


2

2t dt = 2 t dt = 2 t 4t 2 4 dt =
2
I=
2 4
2 2
4
4

t 16t 4 16 8t 6 8t 4 32t 2 dt =
8
=2

= 2 t 8t 6 24t 4 32t 2 16dt =

8

2 16
= 2 x
9/ 2
2 x 7 / 2 + 48 2 x 5 / 2 64 2 x 3 / 2 +
9 7 5 3
+ 322 x + C
1/ 2

27)
2 3x
I= 6
x 3 x x 1
dx

x = t 6 dx 6t 5 dt

2t2 6t 5 dt = 6 t 7 2t 5 dt
I= t t 2
t 3 1 t 3
t 2 t 1

2t t 1
t t 3 2t 2 2t 1dt + 6

4
I=6 dt
t 1 t 2
1
 1 2
28) , BC

1 dt 1 t 1

dt
2 t 2 1
I1 = + =
2 t1

1 1 1
= Log t 1 + Log t 2 1 + arctgt + C
2 4 2

t 4 + 12 3 12 t 2 + 6t 3Log t 1 + Logt2 1+
6 6 3
I= t5
5 4 3 t
2 2

6 3 x 2 / 3 + 4x 1/ 2 6x1 / 3 + 6x 1 / 6
+3arctg t+ C = x5 / 6
5 2

3Log x1 / 6 1 +
3

Log x1 / 3 1 + 3arctg x 1 / 6 +C
2
 Integracin de funciones irracionales 49

1 x 3 x2
28) I = 1 3 x dx
x = t 6 dx 6t 5 dt

1t3t4 t9t8t5
5

6t dt = 6
dt
I= 1t 2 1t2

t t 6 t 5 t 4 t 2 1dt + 6
dt
t
7
I= 6 =
2
1
6 t 8 + 6 t 7 + 6 t 6 6 t 5 + 6 3
= t 6t + 6arctg t + C =
8 7 6 5 3

3 6 6
= x 4 / 3 + x 7 / 6 + x x 5 / 6 + 2x 1/ 2 6x1 / 6 + 6arctg x1 / 6 + C
4 7 5

x
29) I = x 1 dx

t2 t3
I= t 1 2t dt = 2 t 1 dt
dt =
= 2 t t 1dt 2
2 2
2
= t 3
t 2 + 2t 2Log t 1 + C =

t 1 3 2
2 3/2
= x x + 2x1/ 2 2Log x 1 + C
3
 x
30) I = x 4
x dx

t 4 4t 3 t6
I= t t dt = 4 t 1 dt =
2

= 4 t t t t t 1dt + 4
dt
t 1=
5 4 3 2

4 4 4 4 4
= t 6 t 5+ t 4 t 3+ t 2 4t + 4Log t 1 + C =

6 5 4 3 2
2 3/2 4 5/4 4 3/4 1/ 2 1/ 4 1/4

= x x + x x + 2x 4x + 4Log x 1+C
3 5 3

2 2x
31) I = 2 x 2x
dx

2x
=u3
2x

2u 3 2
x=
1 u3
2
dx 12u du

1 u 3 2

1 12u 2 du =
I=2 u
1 u
2 2u 2
3 2 3 2

1 u3

24
u
4
= 24 u3
2
du = 3
du = 3 u + C =

4 1 u 3
3 2 16 2 4
 = +C
1 u 8

x
2 funciones
4
3 de
Integracin irracionales 51
: 2 x

I1 =
dt = dt = dt =
a cost a
b 2 b sen t
2 2

t 1 ax
= +C= arcsen + C
a a b

b2 b 2 1 cos2t
2 b
2

I 2 = a 2
b 2
sen t cost dt = t dt = dt =

2
b a cos
a

b 2 arcsen
ax
b2 sen2t + +C
t +C=
= x 2 a 2 x2
2a 2 2a b 2 b

sen 2t 2sent cost 2ax

2 a x
2 2
b
b



33)

dx
I= 8 5x 2
={ x= sent 5 dx = 8 cost dt } =

8 cost 1 1 5
= 8cost
dt = t +C= arcsen x+C
8
5 5 5
 52 Introduccin al clculo integral

34) I= 9 5 x dx = { 5 x 3sent dx 3cost dt }=

9
9 9sen 2t 3cost dt = 9 cos 2t dt = 1 cos2t dt =
2
=

9 9
= t sen2t + C
2 4

5x1
2 9 5 x 2

3 3
9 5 x 9 5 x 2

I = arcsen 2 9 5 +C=
2 3 4 9 x
 Integracin de funciones irracionales 111

dx
35) I = 7 9 x 16

4 4cost
79 x = 7 dx dt
sent sen 2 t

4 1 dt
cost sen 2t
I= 7
dt =
7 sent

du
cost u sent 1 u dt 1 u 2
2
,

1 du
I= 7 1 u 2

36)

I=
1
12
7 1u
du du =
1 12
7 1 u

1 1
= Log1 u Log 1 u C =
2 7 2 7

1 1u 1
= Log C = Log
1 cost
C=
2 7 1u 2 7 1 cost
 112 Introduccin al clculo integral

37)

16
1 1
1
= Log C =
2 7 16
1 1

1 7 9 x 79 x2 16
= Log C
2 7 7 9 x 79 x 2 16

79 x 7 9 x 16
Log
1 C=
I=
2 7 16

1
= Log 7 9 x C
7
 Integracin de funciones irracionales 113

dx 1 dx 1 dx
38) I = 2x2 4x 5
=
2 2x
5 = 2 x 1
3=
2
x 2 2

1 2 dx 1 dx
= 2 3 x 1 = 3
2
1 x 1 1
3 / 2 3

1 dt 1 1 tg 2u 1 du
I= = 1 tg u
du cosu
t2 1
2 2 2 2

39)

C 1 Log 1 1 cos u C
2
1 1 senu
I= Log

2 2 1 senu 2 2 1 1 cos2 u
t
1 1 1 1 1 t C 12
1
1t2
C=
= Log Log
1 1 1 t t
2
2 2 1 2 2 1
1t2

Log 1 t t C 1 Log
1 2
= tC =
2 2 1 t 2 t 2 1 t 2

1 2
= Log 2 x 1 1 x 1 C
2 3 3

1 = og
= Log
22
1
L
 2 C2
x 1 1
3 = 4x 5
2x
3
114 Introduccin al clculo integral
x 1 2
2x
C 2 4x 5

40)
dx 1 dx 1 dx
I= 2x2 x 1
= = =
9 x 1
2 2
x2 x 1
2 2 16 4

1 4 dx 1 4x 1
arcsen C
=
23 =
2
4x 1
1
3

x2 2x 3 x 1 2

27 18x 9x dx 3 dx = 3
2
I= dx =

x 1
= 3 2
2
1 dx

x 1
t dx 2
2

42)

1 dt = 6 1 tg 2 u 1 tg u du 6 3
du
t
2
I=6 2
cos u

1
t
3
t
3
3senu C Log 1t 2
1t
2
C=
1 senu
3 t
I = Log 1
2 1 senu 1 senu2 2 1t2 t
2

1
1 t 2

2
 3
= Log 3t 1 t 2 C = 3Log 1 t 2 t 3t 1 t 2 C =
2

x 1
x 1 1 2
x 1 3 C =
= 3Log
1 2 x 1

2 2

= 3Log x 1 x 2 2x 3 3 x 1 x 2 2x 3 C
2

x 2 3x 7

43) dx
I=
2x2 4x 5

x 2 3x 7
2x2 4x 5

= ax b 2x 2 4x 5 + m
2x2 4x 5
=

t2
d at b + m
=
t 2 3t 1 dt t 2 3t 1
t 2 3t 1

t2 ax b2x 2 m
a t 2 3t 1
t 2 3t 1 2x2 4x 5 2x2 4x 5
2t 3 m

=a 2x 2 4x 5
Integracin de funciones irracionales 123
45)

0

lim 2
0 0 1 2

dx lim x 2
x
2 x2
dx
x 2
x

t
t -
t 2 t - Log 2

1 t 2
1
lim 2

t -

2Log2 2Log2 2Log 2

t 1 x
2
t

dx lim x 2 x dx lim 2
2 2

x 2
x

t
0 0 2 t Log 2 0
t 2

2 1 1
lim
t

2Log2 2Log2 2Log2

1 1 0.
2Log 2Lo
46)
I 2 g2

dx 2
lim lim 0 4x dx lim 1
0
dx 0
0

4 x 2
t -
4 x 2
t -
t - 4 x
t t t

1
1 lim 1

4 t - 4t 4
dx 2
lim 4 x dx lim 1
4
dx lim t
t

4 x 2
t 4
4 x 2 t 4
t 4 4 x
0 0 0

0
1 1
lim
1


 t 4 4 t 4 4

118 Introduccin al clculo integral

1
Logx
dx
1x
47) I
0

12
1
Logx Logx 1 Logx
dx
1 x dx 1 x dx
0 0 12

 Integrales impropias 119

dx
Logx u Logx du
dx x
1x
dv 1 x 1 2 dx v 2 1 x

1 x
2Logx 1 x
2 dx
x

48)
1 x t2

dx 1 x t2 dx 2t dt 2 dt
x 1t 2

1 t 2 1 dt 2t Log 1 t
C =
=2 1t 2
dt 2t 21 t 2 1t

1 1 x
2 1 x Log C
1 1 x

1 x
= 2 1 x Log C
x

= 2 1 x 2Log 1 1 x Logx C