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SUMARY: In the following writing will be Bluetooth is a de facto standard designed to establish
announced about the modules of interconnection with short-range wireless connections between a large
microcontrollers, whether these wires and wireless, both number of electronic, fixed and mobile devices. Bluetooth
types of expose some of their concepts and some technology works through tiny, inexpensive, low-power,
examples. low-range radio transmitters and receivers implemented
in a small silicon microchip; Which is integrated in mobile
KEY-WORDS: Modules, wired, wireless, technology. phones, personal computers and, in general, in all the
electronic devices that are wanted, directly or through
1 INTRODUCTION adapters.
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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marked "Key". Once we are in the AT command mode, Switch on the power of the module (or reset
we can configure the bluetooth module and change it preferably)
parameters such as device name, password, master / Send an AT \ r \ n command to verify that
slave mode, etc. we are in AT command mode.
Mdule Bluetooth HC-05 The following list is a compilation of commands that
With dimensions as small as a USB connector, the we consider important
Bluetooth module HC-06 is one of the most economical o AT\r\n
market pieces you can find dedicated to this type of Test command, you must respond with OK \ r \ n
connectivity. The majority of fans of the wireless data o AT+ROLE=1\r\n
links, find in this small device everything necessary to Command to place the module in Master mode
solve their wireless connections and at a cost that does o AT+ROLE=0\r\n
not reach the fifth of what has to pay for other devices of Command to place the module in Slave mode
the same characteristics (Less than 6 Euros at o AT+VERSION?\r\n
DealExtreme). During the tests performed, the module Obtain the firmware version
has shown to have only one weak point: the scarce (and o AT+UART=115200,1,2\r\n
confusing) information that exists about it on the web. Its Set the mode of operation of the serial port in
appearance (we could say its equality) in the physical "bridge mode"
aspect with the modules HC-03/04/05 cause many users o AT+PIO=10,1\r\n
to end up frustrated by not being able to use the HC-06 Place high-level general-purpose IO pin
since the connections change from one model to another
and the user ends , Many times, having experiences of APPLICATIONS
failure and the feeling of having spent money uselessly. The first Bluetooth applications are focused on
people who travel continuously for business. The
One of the main advantages of the HC-06 module, in portable devices that integrate the Bluetooth chip
addition to its small size and good transmission and nowadays allow, among others, applications of the type:
reception characteristics that give it a very wide range
(because it is a local Bluetooth system), is the low power Use a telephone three in one; Which works at
consumption it possesses Both in operation and in home as a fixed-line cordless phone, as mobile
standby, ie powered, but without connection or link to with its corresponding fee when leaving home
another device, for example a mobile with Android OS. and as walkie-talkie free of charge when it
Another interesting feature of this module is that once it enters within reach of another Bluetooth phone.
has made a link with another device it is able to Surf the Internet using personal computers or
remember it in its memory and does not request any laptops without physical connection of cables to
validation ("1234" by default), but if the 26 (KEY) Supply a telephone rosette; Thus facilitating the
voltage, this information is deleted and the HC-06 installation and reducing the necessary
module will request the link validation again. Another investment in wiring.
particular detail is that its supply voltage of 3.3Volts and Synchronize automatically and totally
its low consumption (8mA in active transmission / transparent to the user, a computer and a
reception) transform it into an ideal device to work with personal digital assistant; So that, for example,
microcontrollers of the same voltage of power, thus the personal digital assistant's day data is
obtaining portable equipment that can Be fed for many transferred to the personal desktop computer
hours by AA rechargeable or alkaline batteries, before entering the office.
demonstrating exceptional characteristics in medical Automatically transfer documents and
applications, or for recreational activities where the presentations to meeting participants without
power source should be light and portable. the need for a cable.
Navigate the Internet through a cellular network
on a laptop without any wiring between the
computer and the mobile phone.
Answer calls to the mobile phone with a hands-
free headset without the need for a cable in
combination with voice recognition technology.
Send or print a postcard instantly using a digital
camera.
Figure 2.- HC-06. Use the mobile phone as a remote control to
operate the lighting, heating and alarm systems.
Connect two or more laptops or personal
CONFIGURATION INTERFACE computers at home or in an office without
The serial port in configuration mode for the HC-05 having to do any cable laying, to transfer data,
must be configured as follows: 34800 bps, 8 data bits, to allow multiple users to play simultaneously on
No parity, No flow control. To enter the AT command the network, to share resources such as printers
mode, follow these steps: or CDROM recorders, etc.
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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APPLICATIONS
Radiofrequency modules are used in many remote
control applications such as remote control robots and
electric cars, electric doors, blind doors, windows, garage
doors.
Tabla 1.- Pin Assignment 0.1 CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS Receiver Module Parameters
The ZigBee application fields are many, all of which
require transmitting commands or collecting sensors,
etc., and it is not practical or practical to use cables.
Fields of application can be:
Agriculture: networks of low-power sensors in
the field to measure and collect different
parameters.
Home automation, automation of buildings and
homes, industrial control.
Health care: collect information from sensors Figure 8.- Receiver module
in patients, an example can be smart clothing.
Remote control of consumer electronics, such Model: MX-05V
as television remote control, lights, etc. Operating voltage: DC 5V
Standby current: 4 mA
Receiving frequency: 315Mhz
Receiver sensitivity: -105dB
Size: 30 * 14 * 7 mm
RF MODULES
This Radio Frequency equipment consists of two
modules, a wireless transmitter and receiver that operate
at 315Mhz. They can be easily used in a protoboard, Figure 9.- Transmitter module
work well with microcontrollers and create a very simple
wireless data link. Since only one of them is a Model: MX-FS-03V
transmitter, the data communication will only work in one Operating distance: 20-200 meters (with
direction, so two pairs (of different frequencies) are different voltage, different results)
required to act as a transmitter / receiver pair. Working voltage: 3.5-12V
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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Dimensions: 19 * 19 mm
Operating mode: AM
Transfer rate: 4 KB / S
Transmission power: 10 mW
Transmission Frequency: 315Mhz
Pins: (DATA, VCC, GND)
WI-FI MODULES
A Wi-Fi device has the ability to discover the wireless Figure 11.- Module connection pins.
networks it has around it.
There are several versions of the module. In the most
A wireless network uses radio waves as the physical recent it will be necessary for the pin to be set to VCC (or
level of transport and can traverse walls and floors. a digital output to 1) to make it work.
From this we deduce that it is a public means to which To test the module I have used a usb to serial
everyone can have access and that it is a network, in converter that works at 3.3V. However the module can
principle, independent of the one that we set up in the get to consume about 200mA in some moments so I
company. This sounds like the Internet. have fed it separately with a regulator, that if, always
joining the lands.
The problem is that when we connect the WI-FI
network to the network of the company we are offering GPRS / GMS MODULES
shots of our network to anyone who is within a distance Digital cellular telephony is the most widely used
of the link. That is, anyone with coverage can listen to mobile communications system. GSM technology uses
the traffic that circulates through the medium and can try time and frequency division techniques (TDMA and
a connection to it. FDMA) to optimize the carrying capacity of a wireless
network.
In principle there is a limitation of distance to be able
to connect at good speed to one of these networks. Yes, The GSM terminals can operate in at least two
the parking lot in front of your office is usually covered. frequency bands, one almost double the other, which
But the curious one who only needs to listen to the improves communication possibilities. The frequencies
network can be miles away with directional antennas and currently in use are 850MHz and 900MHz (low
public domain programs that hunt and save emails in frequencies, up to 2W of power) and 1.8GHz and
folders, look for authentication plots and save 1.9GHz in high frequencies (with up to 1W of power),
passwords, and other nice "utilities". there being no use of frequencies common to all
Countries, this poses a limitation of compatibility for bi-
WI-FI MODULE ESP8266 band or tri-band terminals, so the trend is towards quad-
band modules.
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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series of data such as the sender, time and date of Supports RTC
receipt. Consumption of 1.5 mA (suspension)
SMS uses an offline protocol, when a message is Minimum System SIM900 Simcom GSM / GPRS
transmitted, there is no direct connection between the Module
sending and receiving terminals.
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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which makes it possible to connect more than one The different parameters of the transmission are
emitter to the network, which is why it is very useful in programmable, a case is the speed that can vary
two wire local industrial networks. Currently known as between 50 and 19,200 baud.
the TIA-485-A.222 standard confirmed by the TIA
(Telecommunications Industry Association) in 2003. Mechanical characteristics
Serial communication via the RS-232 standard can
Mechanical characteristics be direct when performed on digital baseband and / or
The standard defines connections with twisted via a modem when the transmission is performed in
copper wire and RJ11 terminals, which means that there analog baseband modulating the carrier.
is greater resistance to electromagnetic interference and
higher transmission speed than with RS232. When transmitted through a modem, the standard
defines a set of 22 signals divided into data signal and
It allows the connection of up to 32 emitters with 32 control signal distributed in a 25-pin type D connector,
receivers in simultaneous double full duplex transmission however, not all control signals are essential to establish
capable of linking main communication processors the Communication between two teams, that is why in
(master) with slave processors whose operation many cases a 9-pin type D male connector is used.
(prioritized access) is defined by the same topological
arrangements of the data networks. The European version is regulated under CCITT V.24
and is specified for a maximum link distance of 15 m and
The RS-485 standard devices maintain compatibility a transmission speed of up to 20 Kbps.
with the RS-232 standard as shown in Figure 7. A high-
performance, 16-port PCI Express adapter with RS-232 The signal types of the RS-232 specification (CCITT
serial terminal links is available. V.24) are as follows:
Ground: GND for isolation of the connector
with connection to the terminal chassis; SG Signal
on which the voltage of the other signals of the
connector is established.
Main Channel: Set of data signals and
control, TxD and RxD transmission and reception
lines respectively; RTS, CTS, DSR and DCD
basic signals, DTR and RI switched signals and
Figure 14.- Interface 485. SQ, CH and CI quality signals and channels.
Synchronous transmission: DA, DD and DB
Electrical features synchronous exclusive.
In the RS-485 communication, the emitter operates Secondary channel: for some DCE models.
the logic "1" at a voltage of -1.5 to -5 Volt. The logical "0" Terminals without Fixed Allocation: to be
at the input of the receiver in the range of +0.2 to +12 used by application forming two (2) current loops
Volt and the maximum voltage applied to the output line if required.
is -7 to +12 Volt.
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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