Concepts

Therapeutic genetic manipulation involves the alteration, exposure or elimination of cells to achieve the change or
elimination of others. Within therapeutic genetics there are two types: somatic whose objective is the correction of a
genetic defect in a body cell that can produce in an individual certain diseases and the germinal that requires the
insertion of a gene in the reproductive cells of the patient, of Such that the anomaly in their offspring is corrected. It is
considered ethically unacceptable by the risks when modifying the human genome and the responsibility for the failures
or risks as this will be transmitted to the offspring.

Perfective genetic manipulation involves the insertion of a gene to determine the physical characteristics of a human
being. It is not about curing a disease but about improving a person's phenotype.

Eugenic genetic manipulation consists of altering or improving complex human traits, such as those encoded by a large
number of genes, eg personality, character, intelligence, etc.So far this has not been achieved.
2
Humans
These are some examples of the dilemmas or paradigms facing genetic manipulation.
3
Benefits
* Cure Disease
* Plant Resistance to Change
Climate
Disadvantages
* Create Biological Weapons
* Creation of new diseases
Ethical Aspects in Bacteria
Pros-Microorganisms genetically engineered can be used to produce human proteins for medical applications.
It is possible to obtain insulin in large quantities and at low costs, apart from that it is safer than the insulin used before
(from pork).
Cons- Probable benefit only for some, because of the economic factor that would favor only those who achieved success
with this technique and for those who can afford it.
4
Benefits
* Avoid Extinction
* Development Study
Human Diseases
Disadvantages
* Break the Balance Evolution
Abuse
Ethical Aspects in Animals
Pros- has been achieved "knock-out" mouse gene for cystic fibrosis to study the possible gene therapies.
You get meats and eggs with less cholesterol and fats.
Cons- Reduction of biodiversity through the application of techniques of improvement and selection of animals. Often
man favors certain characteristics that are not selected by nature. This brings into question the survival of living beings
and the threats of species.
5
Benefits
* Elimination of Hunger
* Nutrition
Disadvantages
* Biodiversity
* Natural Balance
* Contamination
Ethical Aspects in Plants
The use of genetic manipulation processes to create high numbers of foods with higher nutritional properties than in
their natural state could improve human health and eliminate hunger in Third World nations. But, producing this type of
food produces a high number of contaminants that damage our environment and our health.
Altered Food
Video Analysis
Science develops genetically altered foods. These crops contain seeds and pollen that are transported through the air or
through animals to other undisturbed crops by converting them into hybrids. At death these plants leave residues that
remain in the earth and over time they are transferred to the currents of groundwater. The foods produced by these
plants are given to the animals that are then consumed by us.

Not enough studies have been done to establish the effects of these foods on our system and on animals. What will
happen if they are harmful to us in the long run? Will we go back to developing other foods to correct this error? How
far will we go?
Referring to Fig.
Benefits
* Health
* Selection of genes
Disadvantages
Discrimination
Neocolonialism
* Cloning
Ethical Aspects in Human Beings
The use of somatic therapeutic genetic manipulation allows the elimination of defective genes that produce diseases in
our system. On the other hand, studies to determine these genes can be used to discriminate against individuals who
have this genetic code even if they have not developed the disease.

Through genetic manipulation perfective can be manipulated genes with other compounds as hormones to alter the
physical aspects of an individual such as eye color, stature, hair type, etc. Eugenic genetic manipulation would allow the
selection of characteristics that distinguish us as individuals, personality, character, intelligence, etc.These selections can
lead to the development of a supreme or better race that becomes neocolonial.

Cloning although may have its advantages such as cloning cells for organ creation, due to the few technological advances
and little success of it (Dolly sheep was achieved after 277 attempts) are not cloned from humans because it does not
exist No therapeutic meaning for the copies to be better than the original.
Referring to Fig.
Church vs. Genetic manipulation
They support Condition respect human dignity.
Artificial Insemination is prohibited
The church against manipulation:
The profound conviction of the Church is that the only truly human way of giving life to a child resides in an authentic
conjugal act in which the spouses donate to each other both in the truth of their flesh and in his soul. In March 1987, the
Holy See published a document titled Donum vitae on Bioethics, putting moral barriers to genetic manipulation. The
document states that a child conceived with the help of a gamete (sex cells) from a third person is properly an
adulterous child. Therefore they are prohibited "surrogates" that go against the unity of marriage, and the freezing of
embryos which exposes them to possible manipulation against the dignity of the human person. The Bible says and I
quote: When God had finished His Creation, it says, "And He saw it and saw that all was well." Which means that
because perfecting what is perfect, worth the redundancy.
The church in favor of genetic manipulation:
On December 5, 2003 - John Paul II has assured that the Church enthusiastically supports genetic engineering, provided
that the rights and dignity of the human person are respected. The Vatican supports genetic manipulation, there are
hundreds of types of genetic manipulation that led to better food, vaccines against diseases or discover their causes that
are accepted by the church.
The church stresses that everything must be done respecting the order established by God.
10