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Tags:
unit weight
derivation of formula
bulk unit weight
buoyant unit weight
dry unit weight
moist unit weight
saturated unit weight
buoyant density
density
dry density
moist density
relative density
saturated density
From , S = 100%
Densities of Soil
The terms density and unit weight are used interchangeably in soil mechanics. Though not critical, it is
important that we know it. To find the formula for density, divide the formula of unit weight by gravitational
constant g (acceleration due to gravity). But instead of having g in the formula, use the density of water
replacing the unit weight of water.
Where
m = mass of soil
V = volume of soil
W = weight of soil
= density of soil
d = dry density of soil
sat = saturated density of soil
' = buoyant density of soil
w = density of water
G = specific gravity of soil solids
S = degree of saturation of the soil
e = void ratio
w = water content or moisture content
Density of water and gravitational constant
w = 1000 kg/m3
w = 1 g/cc
w = 62.4 lb/ft3
g = 9.81 m/s2
g = 32.2 ft/sec2
Relative Density
Relative density is an index that quantifies the state of compactness between the loosest and densest possible
state of coarse-grained soils.
where:
Dr = relative density
e = current void ratio of the soil in-situ
emax = void ratio of the soil at its loosest condition
emin = void ratio of the soil at its densest condition
d = current dry unit weight of soil in-situ
(d)min = dry unit weight of the soil at its loosest condition
(d)max = dry unit weight of the soil at its densest condition
Dr (%) Description
0 - 20 Very loose
20 - 40 Loose
40 - 70 Medium dense
70 - 85 Dense
85 - 100 Very dense