A REPORT ON

Creating an Engineering Drawing Title Block

Checker

AT

YUKEN INDIA LIMITED, BANGALORE

A Practice School I Station of

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI

(JULY 2016)
 A REPORT ON

Creating an Engineering Drawing Title Block Checker

DEVDUTT S. 2014ABPS629P B.E. MANUFACTURING

NISHANT 2014A4PS357G B.E. MECHANICAL

CHANDRASHEKHAR

VISHWESH RAVI 2014A4PS386P B.E. MECHANICAL

SHRIMALI

PREPARED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF PS1 COURSE

AT

YUKEN INDIA LIMITED, BANGALORE

A Practice School I Station of

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI

(JULY 2016)
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank the Practice School Division of BITS Pilani for providing us the

opportunity at Yuken India Limited, Bangalore. A note of thanks to our instructor Preeti NG, for

helping us at our organization and for providing valuable guidance and motivation. We would like

to thank Mr. Srinivas and Mr. Pradeep, HRD at YIL for their help in obtaining our projects and

giving an overview of the organization. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Mr.

Hemanth, HOD of R&D,

for his help during the period of our project. We would also like to mention Mr. Badiger for

showing us the processes at valve shop. Mr. Raghavendhra for patiently explaining to us all the

processes involved in the valve assembly. We might have missed a few names here, for which we

deeply apologize but our warmest regards to you too.

2 ABSTRACT SHEET

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

PILANI (RAJASTHAN)

Practice School Division

Station: Yuken India Limited, Whitefield Centre: Bangalore

Duration: 22nd May to 16th July Date of Start: 10th June 2016

Date of Submission: 07th July 2016

Title of the Project: Creating an Engineering Drawing Title Block checker.

DEVDUTT .S 2014ABPS629P B.E. MANUFACTURING

NISHANT 2014A4PS357G B.E. MECHANICAL

CHANDRASHEKHAR

VISHWESH RAVI 2014A4PS386

SHRIMALI

Name(s) and designation(s) of the expert(s):

Mr. Srinivas Head of HRM Department

Mr. Pradeep HRM

Mr. Badiger Head of Valve Shop

Mr. Basavaraj Supervisor, Valve Shop

Mr. Hemanth Head of R&D Department

Mr. Raghavendhra Assisstant Manager, Valve Assembly

Name(s) of the PS Faculty: Preeti N.G.

Project Areas:

Abstract:

This project focuses on studying about various regions of an Engineering Drawing, CAD

softwares, and creating a program (or software) to verify that all the fields in the title block of the

Engineering Drawing are filled. In case, if one or more of the fields are empty, it should show a

pop-up asking the design user to fill the field(s).

Signature of students Signature of PS Faculty

Date:
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

PILANI (RAJASTHAN)

PRACTICE SCHOOL DIVISION

3 RESPONSE OPTION SHEET

Station: Yuken India Limited, Bangalore Center: Bangalore

ID No. & Name: Devdutt S. (2014ABPS629P), Nishant Chandrashekhar (2014A4PS357G), Vishwesh Ravi

Shrimali (2014A4PS386P)

Title of the Project: Creating an Engineering Drawing Title Block checker.

Usefulness of the project to the on-campus courses of study in various disciplines. Project should

be scrutinized keeping in view the following response options. Write Course No. and Course Name

against the option under which the project comes.

CODE NO. RESPONSE OPTION COURSE NO. & NAME

1 A new course can be designed out of this project. No

2 This project can help modification of the course content of Yes;

some of the existing courses. Machine Design and Drawing

3 The project can be used directly is some of the existing No

Compulsory Discipline Courses (CDC)/Discipline Courses

 other than Compulsory (DCOC) / Emerging Area (EA), etc.

Courses

4 The project can be used in preparatory courses like Analysis No

and Application Oriented Courses (AAOC) / Engineering

Sciences (ES) / Technical Art (TA) and Core Courses.

5 This project cannot come under any of the above mentioned No

options as it relates to the professional work of the

organization.

Signature of Student Signature of Faculty

CONTENTS
1 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 3
2 Abstract Sheet ....................................................................................................................... 4
3 Response Option Sheet ............................................................................................................. 6
4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 9
5 Objective ................................................................................................................................. 9
6 Engineering Drawing .............................................................................................................. 10
6.1 Isometric Drawing........................................................................................................... 10
6.2 Orthographic or Multiview Drawing ................................................................................. 12
6.3 Dimensioning ................................................................................................................. 14
6.4 Sectioning ...................................................................................................................... 15
6.5 Drawing Tools ................................................................................................................ 17
6.6 "Assembly" Drawings ..................................................................................................... 18
6.7 Cross-Sectional Views ..................................................................................................... 19
6.7.1 Half-Sections ........................................................................................................... 22
6.7.2 Sectioning Objects with Holes, Ribs, Etc. ................................................................... 24
6.8 Dimensioning ................................................................................................................. 24
6.8.1 The Basics: Definitions and Dimensions .................................................................... 25
6.8.2 Where to Put Dimensions? ........................................................................................ 26
7 Software used for CAD ........................................................................................................... 32
8 Need of the project ................................................................................................................. 33
9 Project details ........................................................................................................................ 33
9.1 Program ........................................................................................................................ 34
9.2 Future work ................................................................................................................... 38
10 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 39
11 References ......................................................................................................................... 39
4 INTRODUCTION

Yuken India Limited (YIL) was established in 1976 in Technical and Financial Collaboration with

YUKEN KOGYO COMPANY LTD., Japan (YKC). The company is currently among the

worldwide leaders in Oil and Hydraulic Equipment. YIL is listed on the BSE and has a good track

record of rewarding investors. The company has been manufacturing and shipping check valves

and servo pumps for decades. Consumer satisfaction has been the prime motto of the company and

thus it strives to increase its consumer acceptance of its products.

Several times, design engineers forget to fill the minor details present in the title block. We were

given the task by RnD department to come up with a program (or software) which can check that

all the fields of the title block of the engineering drawing are filled. If not, then it should show a

pop up asking the user to fill those details.

5 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this project is to understand the preparation of engineering drawings, applications

of those drawings, various parts of the drawings. In addition to this, we need to understand the

working and various features available in CAD software used by the engineers in Yuken India Ltd.

The significance is to learn the design part of production and to understand the problems faced by

the design engineers while making these drawings and to solve them. The intentions are to acquire

valuable insights into the working culture of large scale industry and gain exposure and hands on

practical experience in the industrial environment.

6 ENGINEERING DRAWING

One of the best ways to communicate one's ideas is through some form of picture or drawing. This

is especially true for the engineer.

We will treat "sketching" and "drawing" as one. "Sketching" generally means freehand drawing.

"Drawing" usually means using drawing instruments, from compasses to computers to bring

precision to the drawings.

Figure 1 - A Machined Block

6.1 ISOMETRIC DRAWING

The representation of the object in figure 2 is called an isometric drawing. This is one of a family

of three-dimensional views called pictorial drawings. In an isometric drawing, the object's vertical
lines are drawn vertically, and the horizontal lines in the width and depth planes are shown at 30

degrees to the horizontal. When drawn under these guidelines, the lines parallel to these three axes

are at their true (scale) lengths. Lines that are not parallel to these axes will not be of their true

length.

Any engineering drawing should show everything: a complete understanding of the object should

be possible from the drawing. If the isometric drawing can show all details and all dimensions on

one drawing, it is ideal. One can pack a great deal of information into an isometric drawing.

However, if the object in figure 2 had a hole on the back side, it would not be visible using a single

isometric drawing. In order to get a more complete view of the object, an orthographic projection

may be used.

Figure 2 - An Isometric Drawing

6.2 ORTHOGRAPHIC OR MULTIVIEW DRAWING

Imagine that you have an object suspended by transparent threads inside a glass box, as in figure

3.

Figure 3 - The block suspended in a glass box

Then draw the object on each of three faces as seen from that direction. Unfold the box (figure 4)

and you have the three views. We call this an "orthographic" or "multiview" drawing.

Figure 4 - The creation of an orthographic multiview drawing

Figure 5 shows how the three views appear on a piece of paper after unfolding the box.

Figure 5 - A Multiview drawing and its explanation

Which views should one choose for a multiview drawing? The views that reveal every detail about

the object. Three views are not always necessary; we need only as many views as are required to

describe the object fully. For example, some objects need only two views, while others need four.

The circular object in figure 6 requires only two views.

Figure 6 - An object needing only two orthogonal views

6.3 DIMENSIONING

Figure 7 - An isometric view with dimensions

We have "dimensioned" the object in the isometric drawing in figure 7. As a general guideline to

dimensioning, try to think that you would make an object and dimension it in the most useful way.

Put in exactly as many dimensions as are necessary for the craftsperson to make it -no more, no

less. Do not put in redundant dimensions. Not only will these clutter the drawing, but if

"tolerances" or accuracy levels have been included, the redundant dimensions often lead to

conflicts when the tolerance allowances can be added in different ways.

Repeatedly measuring from one point to another will lead to inaccuracies. It is often better to

measure from one end to various points. This gives the dimensions a reference standard. It is

helpful to choose the placement of the dimension in the order in which a machinist would create

the part. This convention may take some experience.

6.4 SECTIONING

There are many times when the interior details of an object cannot be seen from the outside

(figure 8).

Figure 8 - An isometric drawing that does not show all details

We can get around this by pretending to cut the object on a plane and showing the "sectional view".

The sectional view is applicable to objects like engine blocks, where the interior details are intricate

and would be very difficult to understand through the use of "hidden" lines (hidden lines are, by

convention, dotted) on an orthographic or isometric drawing.

Imagine slicing the object in the middle (figure 9):

 Figure 9 - "Sectioning" an object

Figure 10 - Sectioning the object in figure 8

Take away the front half (figure 10) and what you have is a full section view (figure 11).
 Figure 11 - Sectioned isometric and orthogonal views

The cross-section looks like figure 11 when it is viewed from straight ahead.

6.5 DRAWING TOOLS

To prepare a drawing, one can use manual drafting instruments (figure 12) or computer-aided

drafting or design, or CAD. The basic drawing standards and conventions are the same regardless

of what design tool you use to make the drawings. In learning drafting, we will approach it from

the perspective of manual drafting. If the drawing is made without either instruments or CAD, it

is called a freehand sketch.

Figure 12 - Drawing Tools

6.6 "ASSEMBLY" DRAWINGS

An isometric view of an "assembled" pillow-block bearing system is shown in figure 13. It

corresponds closely to what you actually see when viewing the object from a particular angle. We

cannot tell what the inside of the part looks like from this view.

We can also show isometric views of the pillow-block being taken apart or "disassembled" (figure

14). This allows you to see the inner components of the bearing system. Isometric drawings can

show overall arrangement clearly, but not the details and the dimensions.

Figure 13 - Pillow-block (Freehand sketch)

Figure 14 - Disassembled Pillow-block

6.7 CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEWS

A cross-sectional view portrays a cut-away portion of the object and is another way to show hidden

components in a device.
Imagine a plane that cuts vertically through the center of the pillow block as shown in figure 15.

Then imagine removing the material from the front of this plane, as shown in figure 16.

Figure 15 - Pillow Block Figure 16 - Pillow Block

This is how the remaining rear section would look. Diagonal lines (cross-hatches) show regions

where materials have been cut by the cutting plane.

Figure 17 - Section "A-A"

This cross-sectional view (section A-A, figure 17), one that is orthogonal to the viewing direction,

shows the relationships of lengths and diameters better. These drawings are easier to make than

isometric drawings. Seasoned engineers can interpret orthogonal drawings without needing an

isometric drawing, but this takes a bit of practice.

The top "outside" view of the bearing is shown in figure 18. It is an orthogonal (perpendicular)

projection. Notice the direction of the arrows for the "A-A" cutting plane.

Figure 18 - The top "outside" view of the bearing

6.7.1 Half-Sections

A half-section is a view of an object showing one-half of the view in section, as in figure 19 and

20.

Figure 19 - Full and sectioned isometric views

Figure 20 - Front view and half section

The diagonal lines on the section drawing are used to indicate the area that has been theoretically

cut. These lines are called section lining or cross-hatching. The lines are thin and are usually drawn

at a 45-degree angle to the major outline of the object. The spacing between lines should be

uniform.

A second, rarer, use of cross-hatching is to indicate the material of the object. One form of cross-

hatching may be used for cast iron, another for bronze, and so forth. More usually, the type of

material is indicated elsewhere on the drawing, making the use of different types of cross-hatching

unnecessary.

Figure 21 - Half section without hidden lines

Usually hidden (dotted) lines are not used on the cross-section unless they are needed for

dimensioning purposes. Also, some hidden lines on the non-sectioned part of the drawings are not

needed (figure 12) since they become redundant information and may clutter the drawing.

6.7.2 Sectioning Objects with Holes, Ribs, Etc.

The cross-section on the right of figure 22 is technically correct. However, the convention in a

drawing is to show the view on the left as the preferred method for sectioning this type of object.

Figure 22 - Cross section

6.8 DIMENSIONING

The purpose of dimensioning is to provide a clear and complete description of an object. A

complete set of dimensions will permit only one interpretation needed to construct the part.

Dimensioning should follow these guidelines.

1. Accuracy: correct values must be given.

 2. Clearness: dimensions must be placed in appropriate positions.

3. Completeness: nothing must be left out, and nothing duplicated.

4. Readability: the appropriate line quality must be used for legibility.

6.8.1 The Basics: Definitions and Dimensions

The dimension line is a thin line, broken in the middle to allow the placement of the dimension

value, with arrowheads at each end (figure 23).

Figure 23 - Dimensioned Drawing

An arrowhead is approximately 3 mm long and 1 mm wide. That is, the length is roughly three

times the width. An extension line extends a line on the object to the dimension line. The first

dimension line should be approximately 12 mm (0.6 in) from the object. Extension lines begin 1.5

mm from the object and extend 3 mm from the last dimension line.

A leader is a thin line used to connect a dimension with a particular area (figure 24).

Figure 24 - Example drawing with a leader

A leader may also be used to indicate a note or comment about a specific area. When there is

limited space, a heavy black dot may be substituted for the arrows, as in figure 23. Also in this

drawing, two holes are identical, allowing the "2x" notation to be used and the dimension to point

to only one of the circles.

6.8.2 Where to Put Dimensions?

The dimensions should be placed on the face that describes the feature most clearly. Examples of

appropriate and inappropriate placing of dimensions are shown in figure 25.

 Figure 25 - Example of appropriate and inappropriate dimensioning

In order to get the feel of what dimensioning is all about, we can start with a simple rectangular

block. With this simple object, only three dimensions are needed to describe it completely (figure

26). There is little choice on where to put its dimensions.

Figure 26 - Simple Object

We have to make some choices when we dimension a block with a notch or cutout (figure 27). It

is usually best to dimension from a common line or surface. This can be called the datum line of
surface. This eliminates the addition of measurement or machining inaccuracies that would come

from "chain" or "series" dimensioning. Notice how the dimensions originate on the datum surfaces.

We chose one datum surface in figure 27, and another in figure 28. As long as we are consistent,

it makes no difference. (We are just showing the top view).

Figure 27 - Surface datum example

Figure 28 - Surface datum example

In figure 29 we have shown a hole that we have chosen to dimension on the left side of the object.

The stands for "diameter".

Figure 29 - Example of a dimensioned hole

When the left side of the block is "radiuses" as in figure 30, we break our rule that we should not

duplicate dimensions. The total length is known because the radius of the curve on the left side is

given. Then, for clarity, we add the overall length of 60 and we note that it is a reference (REF)

dimension. This means that it is not really required.

Figure 30 - Example of a directly dimensioned hole

Somewhere on the paper, usually the bottom, there should be placed information on what

measuring system is being used (e.g. inches and millimeters) and also the scale of the drawing.

Figure 31 - Example of a directly dimensioned hole

This drawing is symmetric about the horizontal centerline. Centerlines (chain-dotted) are used for

symmetric objects, and also for the center of circles and holes. We can dimension directly to the

centerline, as in figure 31. In some cases this method can be clearer than just dimensioning between

surfaces.

7 SOFTWARE USED FOR CAD

For accurate and easy designing and drawing, CAD softwares are used by design engineers all

around the globe. The most commonly used ones are SolidWorks by Dassault Systems and

AutoCAD by Autodesk.

Figure 32: SolidWorks

Figure 33: AutoCAD by Autodesk

8 NEED OF THE PROJECT

Many-a-times, the design engineers forget to fill the title block of a design consisting of

information like scale of the drawing, drawing part name, etc. Even though this does not bring a

major effect to the drawing, but still it is a necessary part. Thus, we decided to create a program

which will check whether this information is filled or not; and if not, then it will show a pop-up

reminding the user to fill the information.

9 PROJECT DETAILS

As seen in the flowchart, first the user is asked to filled a VBA form which then sends the

information to an excel sheet which is linked to the CAD software. The software then opens up a
drawing with the information pre-filled. This ensures that the user has filled all the required

information before starting to work on the drawing.

9.1 PROGRAM

Private Sub commandbutton1_Click()

Dim emprow As Integer

emprow = Sheets("sheet1").Cells(Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row + 1

If (OptionButton1.Value = False And OptionButton2.Value = False) Or ComboBox1.Value = ""

Or ComboBox2.Value = "" Or (OptionButton3.Value = False And OptionButton4.Value = False)

Or ComboBox3.Value = "" Or (OptionButton5.Value = False And OptionButton6.Value = False)

Then

MsgBox ("Enter all feilds")

Else
 If OptionButton1.Value = True Then

Sheets("sheet1").Cells(emprow, 1).Value = "Development"

ElseIf OptionButton2.Value = True Then

Sheets("sheet1").Cells(emprow, 1).Value = "In Production"

End If

Sheets("sheet1").Cells(emprow, 2).Value = ComboBox1.Value

Sheets("sheet1").Cells(emprow, 3).Value = ComboBox2.Value

If OptionButton3.Value = True Then

Sheets("sheet1").Cells(emprow, 4).Value = "Japan(Yuken Kogyo)"

ElseIf OptionButton4.Value = True Then

Sheets("sheet1").Cells(emprow, 4).Value = "Hindustan(Yuken India)"

End If

Sheets("sheet1").Cells(emprow, 5).Value = ComboBox3.Value

If OptionButton5.Value = True Then

Sheets("sheet1").Cells(emprow, 7).Value = "0 - 9"

ElseIf OptionButton6.Value = True Then

Sheets("sheet1").Cells(emprow, 7).Value = "9A - 9Z"

End If

MsgBox ("Details Entered!")

Unload UserForm1

UserForm1.Show

End If

End Sub
Private Sub UserForm_Initialize()

'Clear ComboBox1 Items

'Add Items to ComboBox1 in Sheet1 while opening workbook

With UserForm1.ComboBox1

.AddItem "V:Valve"

.AddItem "P:Pump"

.AddItem "M:Motor"

.AddItem "C:Cylinder"

End With

With UserForm1.ComboBox2

.AddItem "K:Component"

.AddItem "N:BOM"

.AddItem "A:Assembly"

.AddItem "B:Assembly(For cylinders)"

End With

With UserForm1.ComboBox3

.AddItem "0:A0"

.AddItem "1:A1"

.AddItem "2:A2"

.AddItem "3:A3"
.AddItem "4:A4"

End With

End Sub

Private Sub UserForm_Terminate()

ThisWorkbook.Close

End Sub

Private Sub Workbook_Open()

ThisWorkbook.Sheets("sheet1").Cells(1, 1).Value = "DRAWING STATUS"

ThisWorkbook.Sheets("sheet1").Cells(1, 2).Value = "PRODUCT TYPE"

ThisWorkbook.Sheets("sheet1").Cells(1, 3).Value = "DRAWING TYPE"

ThisWorkbook.Sheets("sheet1").Cells(1, 4).Value = "ORIGIN"

ThisWorkbook.Sheets("sheet1").Cells(1, 5).Value = "DRAWING SHEET SIZE"

ThisWorkbook.Sheets("sheet1").Cells(1, 6).Value = "REGISTERED SERIAL NUMBER"

ThisWorkbook.Sheets("sheet1").Cells(1, 7).Value = "ISSUE NO."

UserForm1.Show

End Sub
9.2 FUTURE WORK

Even though we were able to create the form and the program behind it, we were unable to combine

it with the CAD softwares because of insufficient time and information.

10 CONCLUSION

1. Detailed study was done about engineering designing and drawing techniques.

2. Form was made and the back end program was completed.

3. We were unable to link the program to the CAD softwares.

11 REFERENCES

1. Revision of Engineering Drawings and Associated Documents: ASME Y14.35m-1997

(Revision of ASME Y14.35m-1992)

2. Dimensioning and tolerancing: engineering drawings and related documentation practices

: an international standard; American Society of Mechanical Engineers

3. Griffiths, Brian; Engineering Drawing for Manufacture (Manufacturing Engineering

Modular Series)

4. Drake, Paul; Dimensioning and tolerancing handbook

5. Billo; E. Joseph; Excel for Scientists and Engineers || Fundamentals of Programming with

VBA