Multilateral Development Programme

The Multilateral Development Educational Programme
Generalized Training vs Specialized Training
UEFA Elite Course
Develop a multilateral programme whereby you ensure that all players experience at least
4 different sports throughout their sampling stage ( 6-12 yrs )
Consider why you want to do this (rationale), identify the sports involved,
regularity of the players involvement in such sports, how you will mitigate for the expenses
involved and what type of programme they will follow and where.
Paul Bugeja
UEFA Elite Course
Develop a multilateral programme whereby you ensure that all players experience at least 4 different sports throughout their sampling stage (6-12yrs) - Paul Bugeja UEFA Elite Course
Multilateral development versus Specialization

There is a surprisingly linear progression in which the generalization of an athletic program occurs.
To simplify the findings of recent data, the amount of time spent in general or specific training can be broken down into percentages.
Figure shows that both types of training are beneficial for all athletes.
As an athlete progresses in age and skill, the training should become more defined.
This is a very good model, but believe me when I say, "No two athletes are the same."
Each athlete will require a slightly different progression of training.
There are many factors that play into the timeline of training specialization. Some of these factors include chronological age, biological age, training
age, psychological development, preferred sport and rate of adaptation.
Young athlete needs to make the most of their training time and have a plan to grow and adapt.
*Sources Cited:
Drabik, Jozef Ph.D; Children and Sports Training . 1996.
Bompa, Tudor Ph.D; Total Training for Young Champions . 2000.
Multilateral development versus Specialization

There is a wide range of benefits athletes receive from playing multiple sports and implementing multiple training methods.
Benefits can include: Better Motor Control An Increase in Neural Pathways Improved Cognitive Functions Better Overall Athleticism
Early Sport Specialization

There is a theory that states the earlier an individual starts with purposeful practice of a skill, the earlier one becomes an expert at the skill.
The 10 year-rule period of time to amass the level of knowledge to be considered an expert, has been extrapolated and observed in several
activities including sports. Utilizing this theory, it can be concluded that in order for athletes to be the best at a particular skill or sport, they need to
start early with skill development and practice very specific activities to improve their strengths and reduce their weaknesses.
Sports that require an efficient, repetitive motion appear to have the greatest likelihood of employing deliberate practice for expertise
development.
Considerations and Concerns for Specialization

In an effort to make sure a child is ready for structured practice, certain developmental components should be considered, such as sport-related
fundamental motor skill development, sport-specific knowledge, motivation, and socialization.
Motor skill development should be trained to achieve success in sport setting, including skills such as running, jumping, kicking, and throwing.
Having adequate levels of physical maturation, or developmental age, will help children to learn sport-specific skills that require strength & speed.
Growth and Injury Risk

Fewer overuse injuries. Growing bodies can become overstressed by repetition and that stress can lead to injuries.
A lack of rest and recovery time in year-round sports exacerbates the problem.
There are plenty of examples of serious, grown-up sports injuries happening to kids at younger and younger ages.
Studies show that playing multiple sports leads to better muscle, motor and skill development.
It promotes general athleticism, balance, speed and agility.
Constant changes in bodyweight, height, and muscle mass provide additional stress to joints and connective tissue.
In young athletes, growth cartilage is present at the growth plate as well as the musculotendinous insertion.
Growth cartilage is vulnerable to the stress of repeated microtraumas.
Because musculotendinous unit may develop faster than the bone to which it is attached, this area can be more susceptible to Osgood-Schlatter
disease and Severs disease.
The potential for injury increases as the intensity level and training volume increases, so adequate recovery for youth sport athletes is needed.
It is important to provide rest from the repetitive motions that continually place stress on their body.
Multilateral development versus Specialization continued

Motivation and Interest
Knowledge that an individual possesses about a specific sport can increase their ability to learn sport-related skills required to play the sport as
well. The more they know about a sport, the more they will remember important points necessary for the performance of motor skills potentially.
Playing only one sport limits options.
An injury, a bad experience with a coach or a reduced role on a more competitive team can bring an abrupt end to an athletic career.
If the goal is to play as long as possible, perhaps it makes the most sense to play as many sports as possible?
Burnout
Less opportunity for emotional burn-out.
Kids who spend so much time focusing on one sport -- and whose families are similarly solely focused -- risk tiring of the sport all together.
Having a variety of experiences keeps things interesting, the monotony of a single sport goes away, and so does that pressure.
Early specialization has shown to be not only physically difficult but also mentally difficult.
Athletic burnout can be an unfortunate effect of early specialization in one sport.
It can be defined as physical and emotional exhaustion from psychological and physiological demands of the athletes sport,
Burnout can become so severe that it can cause withdrawal or dropout from the activities that were previously enjoyable to the athlete.
Sport Diversification
Exposure to different players & roles. It's an opportunity to broaden their experiences, socially and developmentally.
Football friends will be different from swimming friends, who will be different from the kids in Karate class.
Exposure to different sports allows them to share teammate experiences and make memories with a diverse group of peers.
It helps them expand their social circle and their opportunities for interaction.
It's an opportunity to become a better competitor and all-around athlete, the kind that coaches value because they are flexible, multi-dimensional,
exposed to many situations and coachable.
Sport diversification can be thought of as playing as many sports as often as possible, exposing children to a multitude of sports with a focus on
playing instead of practicing.
This method provides an environment that may nurture a genuine love for a sport so that productive, structured practice may follow.
The belief behind sport diversification is that physical and cognitive abilities may develop quicker via playing multiple sports instead of just one
because of a potential crossover effect from playing multiple sports.
A transfer in fundamental cognitive skills can occur, but it is likely dependent on the degree of perceptual and information processing similarity
between sports. The ability of a player to read the game or understand player movement and pattern configurations with proper visual cues will
likely have a higher rate of crossover if the athlete is participating in sports with similar pattern configurations.
Multilateral Development
The use of a multilateral development plan is extremely important during the early stages of an athletes development.
Multilateral development during the athletes formative years lays the groundwork for later periods of training when specialization becomes a
greater focus of the training plan.
If properly implemented, the multilateral training phase will allow the athlete to develop the physiological and psychological basis needed to
maximize performance later in his career.
If training is sequenced appropriately and begins with a strong foundation of multilateral training early in the athletes development, the athlete
will be able to achieve much higher levels of physical preparation and technical mastery and ultimately will achieve higher levels of performance.
As the athlete matures, the degree of specialization increases.
It is believed that the multilateral base serves as a foundation for future development and helps the athlete avoid overuse injuries and staleness in
training.
Multilateral Development programs encourage children to develop a variety of fundamental skills in a fun, stress-free and game oriented way.
Developing through the years a better coordination, flexibility, agility, speed, endurance, muscular endurance, strength, power and balance will
certainly open the doors to major improvements in many sports, train more confident, fun loving athletes with their bodies ready to sustain a
healthy life, keep on the path of sport high performance and acquire the right attitude towards challenging situations both in sports and life.
Playing multiple sports increases an athletes multilateral development and develops bio-motor qualities like Strength, Speed, Endurance, Flexibility
and Coordination. A strong, balanced foundation enhances sports performance.
Athletes who only play football develop with a more shallow foundation.
Between the ages of 6 12, athletes should be focused primarily on developing fundamental proficiency in as many athletic skills as possible.
Running, jumping, throwing, lateral movement, spatial orientation.
The fundamental components of ANY sport are based on movement ability Grasso.
What do children lose when they specialize early?

Four Arguments Against Early Specialization
Multilateral Development Periodization Overuse Injuries Fun
Multilateral Development continued

Periodization
Playing multiple sports creates a natural periodization.
Periodization is the process of planning ones training to peak for important games or competitions.
For young athletes, playing multiple sports breaks the year into different seasons which keep the young athlete mentally, physically and
psychologically fresh.
Overuse Injuries
The year-round football and repetitive movements lead to muscle imbalances and tightness, which decrease flexibility and performance.
Consequently, the incidence of overuse injuries has increased dramatically in the past 10 years as more athletes specialize.
The American Academy of Pediatrics, advises that youngsters should be discouraged from specializing in a single sport before adolescence to
avoid physical and psychological damage.
The risks range from overuse injuries such as stress fractures to delayed menstruation, eating disorders, emotional stress and burnout.
Athletes undergo tremendous repetitive stress on muscles, joints and ligaments unprepared for the year-round training.
Without a gradual progression from general to specific and a complimentary conditioning program to balance bio-motor training, athletes bodies
break down and the breakdown manifests as an overuse injury.
Fun
Finally, and most importantly, playing different sports is fun.
Young athletes engage in different activities with new teammates, coaches and social environments.
At its most basic level, youth sports provide a foundation for athletic participation throughout ones life.
A multilateral approach to training prepares young athletes for athletic participation in a variety of activities throughout their lifetime.
Basically, a long-term approach program for sport development should be designed as follows:
6 to 12 years of age: Multilateral Development where the focus is placed on the acquisition of general motor skills and initiation to maybe one or
two sports the child like most (this can also change with time).
This phase can be divided into two sub-phases: Initiation and Athletic Development
13 to 19 years of age: is the time of specialization where the multilateral approach must continue but doesn't constitute the major part of the
training any longer (up to 40% maybe)
20 to 30+ : is the time for high performance development in a chosen sport
Windows of Opportunity for Trainability
Component Time Frame
Flexibility In both males and females the ideal age for developing flexibility occurs between the ages of 6-10 years
Skill In males the ideal age for skill development is between 9-12 years and for females it is between 8-11 years
For both males & females there are TWO windows of opportunity for development of speed.
Speed In males these are between 79 years and 13- 16 years.
In females they are between 68 years and 1113 years
Strength is best characterised by developmental age rather than chronological age.

Strength
In males it is around 12-18months after PHV and in females it is at PHV
For both males and females the optimal time period is at PHV.
Endurance Caution is recommended in that aerobic power training should not be introduced until after PHV and then
progressively. Prior to this the focus would be on aerobic capacity training
The following table will compare the results of both the training philosophies of early specialization and multilateral development:
Training Philosophy
Early Specialization Multilateral Development
Slower performance improvement

Quick performance improvement Athletes usually get best performance at 18 years and older
Best performances achieved at 15-16 years towards the age of physiological and psychological
because of quick physiological and neuro-muscular maturation
adaptation Consistency of performances in competitions
Inconsistency in performance in competition Much longer athletic life
High % of burn out by age 17-18, athletes may Far fewer injuries as a result of a stronger anatomical
completely quit sport adaptation and strength development giving the athletes
Prone to injury because of muscular unbalance and stronger muscle fibers, tendons and ligaments
forced adaptation
Tudor O. Bompa and G. Gregory Haff
We easily dismiss a young athletes fatigue and callously assume that this generation is soft.
However, physical, psychological and physiological burnout happens more often than we believe.
Placing young kids in a pre-professional environment adversely affects young athletes and these effects are not fully understood
because previous generations developed differently. from Total Training for Young Champions - book by Tudor Bompa
what was most significant was that many players who had been superior to the eventual elite while in the 12-14 age group had
dropped out-been burned out-of the sport. from Sports & Recreation- book by Alan G. Launder
MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME THROUGH FOOTBALL

The Multilateral Development Educational Programme is designed to effectively create opportunities of learning, developing, implementing
procedures and decisions, all needed attributes while playing football.
The programming will be as flexible as possible in order to instill an important educational value, according to the needs of our players.
Targets in general can be summarized as follows:
Start the Multilateral Development Educational Programme project : multipurpose and multilateral activities for the young ones;
development of coordination skills: orientation, reaction, balance, motor movements;
the development of conditional capacity: strength, endurance, speed, joint mobility;
development of technical skills: the ball domain, drive, kick, header;
development of individual tactics on the ball: attack, defense and coverage, dribbling, shot on goal;
development of individual tactics when without possession of the ball: stance, interception, contrast.
start the football game;
The Multilateral Development Educational Programme exposes the children to experience a series of 4 different sports to help improve their
motor skills, so to help building and achieving their full potential over the coming years.
It is appropriate to give priority to a path that favors the learning curve and growth stages of the child's personality, rather than seek an early
specialization of football. Target is to make the players understand the moments of game encounter-confrontation, not relying on any type of
results while being exposed to different points of view and with different aims while having fun.
It is essential to show the children what is required, correcting them with the repetition of the gesture through practical demonstrations.
At this stage of the growth, it is important to leave the players to express their creativity, something born directly from the imagination of the
children themselves. It is important to try to extend this type of teaching into the football field, where in practice the children will find new ideas
for the execution of a gesture, using precisely their knowledge and imagination.
Note that introduction to other sports will be also considered in the future .
THE MULTILATERAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME THROUGH FOOTBALL
Educational objectives:
learn to deal with the group in respect of simple rules (listen, speak in turn, follow the rules, respect ..etc.);
participate actively in each individual activity with commitment and self-control;
live sports as fun;
know the basic rules of each individual activity.
Motor objectives:
the organization of basic motor patterns, to walk, run, jump, throw, catch, roll and crawl;
the development of the general coordination skills, such as motor learning, the ability to learn new movements with continuous exercises;
the ability of management and control, that is, the ability to control the movement during the execution of a movement; adaptability,
the ability to adapt a move to a situation without compromising the expected result.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME
Months : July & August "POOL SESSIONS "

Responsible: the swimming coaches at Razzett tal-Hbiberija
The structure of multilateral educational program is developed in collaboration with the swimming coaches at Razzett tal-Hbiberija,
allows us to propose basic movement patterns (walking, running, jumping, falling) in the water, where the lower gravity and the greater resistance,
allow a general improvement of the childerns motor skills.
During these two months, once weekly for a total of 8 lessons lasting about 50 minutes each, the children will be offered a range of playing
activities of an increased difficulty, which will contribute to an overall motor skill improvement and an increase in their self-esteem.
Most of the exercises use the ball in order to make the exercises more engaging and to increase the coordinative value.
It is not a swimming course, but rather of an activity in which the motor skills are improved.
The various learining activities will take place mostly in the shallow part of the pool.
forward stroke;
back strokes;
relay races;
hopping on one and two feet;
breathing exercises;
diving from the edge;
ball launches with his hands;
shooting the ball;
waterpolo games.
Other more specific activities will use a deeper part of the pool.
Children will be provided with a life jacket each, thus avoiding any discrimination between the most skilled and the less skilled, and possibly avoid
hazardous situations.
various exercises will be:
basic movements with or without the ball, with ball in hand;
moving forward only with the head or back with ball between the thighs;
launching and recovering the ball on the fly while swimming backstroke;
relay and speed races
STRUCTURE OF THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME continued
Months: September & October "KARATE "

Responsible: Sensei Chris Cassar at Red Dragon Dojo
Duration two months, once weekly for a total of 8 lessons lasting about 90 minutes each.
Despite the small physical contact, children will learn mutual respect, to control and regulate themselves and their aggressiveness,
because karate is not synonymous with violence.
Complexity of the moves involved in karate and its application in each situation, enables the development of the motor & coordination skills
Combining football with Karate for 3 reasons:

1. the educational philosophy of karate,
2. the wide range of motor components within karate
3. we are lucky to have qualified instructors who have been practicing karate for several years.
Characterisation & Practice of karate:

humility, allowing each individual to have a simple approach stripped of any presumption;
sincerity, each individual to be able to look inside himself and learn to know each other;
respect for others, refusing any rivalry, hatred, discrimination, dislike and envy;
confidence in themselves, in others and especially in their teacher.
As regards motor skills applied to football, the use of the body through karate allows:
an improvement in balance;
development in acrobatic-coordinative aspect;
children will master the skill of falling, allowing prevention of accidental falls;
to conceive differently the space around;
more respect of rules
Months: November & December "MINIBASKET"

Instructor: Oliver Sammut - Siggiewi BC
Football and basketball - two different but complementary sports, both fundamental to enrich motor skills of the children.
Similarities are many, but minibasket has unique properties that may serve to improve and further integrate the work done on the football field.
Minibasket also allows developing the concepts of multilateralism and versatility.
Multilateralism comes from the choice of different sports and various exercises:
a variety of motor skills & patterns become activated and transferred due to the different movements in the specific sport.
Versatility lies in the stimulation of the motorskill patterns, integrating them with other areas of personality
(cognitive, affective-emotional and socio-relational)
Running, for example, can have different purposes: running to cover a space, running to escape, run to prepare for a jump, etc.
Among the many we want to highlight:

the use of the hands;
the trajectories of the ball;
the reduced field;
players encouraged to mark & unmark themselves from an opponent;
transitions (fast breaks).
These aspects can certainly help the players in:

improve hand-eye coordination;
increase the capacity assessment of the flight paths, essential for headers and ball control;
enrich the individual tactical skills (marking/unmarking)
transitions - from attack to defense and vice versa
Months: January & February "FUTSAL "

Instructor: JeanBert Gatt Futsal School
What are the main benefits of futsal?
Futsal is a tool for increasing skill in each individual player.
The size of the court, smaller sized goals, a weighted size 4 ball, a solid & flat indoor surface and the number of players makes futsal so attractive
and beneficial.
Physical components become less effective and technical mastery of passing, receiving and dribbling is achieved.
Futsal gives players less space, less time on ball, have a tactical fluidity and flexibility to manipulate the ball and increases decisions per unit of time.
This increased training efficiency can lead to accelerated development of players.
The benefits of futsal include:

improves players decision making skills, fast foot and ball manipulation
provides players with more touches on the ball
increased touches on the ball
the heavier ball increases the power of players
it develops the confidence in players to go 1v1 against their opponent
it allows players to be creative in getting around their opposition - creativity & improvisation
it improves reaction time & quick decision making
it improves both transitions
indoors (protected from adverse conditions and providing football all year around)
Futsal can and should be used as a tool for player development

Futsal may just be the answer to creating our first special player on a global scale.
Futsal keeps the keeper and outfield players more alert.
Futsal encourages the development of technique and quicker decision making in both defending and attacking with faster transitions making
players focus as they are constantly involved.
The ball encourages mastery, the time and side line restrictions reward the player with better control, decision making and team engagement.
Fitness and decision making requirements are increased.
THE TIMETABLE FOR THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME
July & August "POOL SESSIONS Responsible: the swimming coaches at Razzett tal-Hbiberija
September & October "KARATE " Responsible: Sensei Chris Cassar at Red Dragon Dojo
November & December "MINIBASKET" Instructor: Oliver Sammut - Siggiewi BC
January & February "FUTSAL " Instructor: JeanBert Gatt Futsal School
From March till May FOOTBALL SESSIONS Coach : Joseph Borg Ghaxaq FC
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
Pool Karate Mini-Basket Futsal

Razzett tal-Hbiberija Red Dragon Dojo Siggiewi Basketball Club Futsal School
u6 & u8 u6 & u8 u6 & u8 u6 & u8

Mondays 5.30pm Mondays 6pm Mondays 5pm Mondays 5.30pm
u10 & u12 u10 & u12 u10 & u12 u10 & u12
Tuesdays 5.30pm Tuesdays 6.15pm Tuesdays 5.30pm Tuesdays 6.30pm
Typical football session week
u6 & u8 - 2 sessions /week

u10 & u12 - 3 sessions /week
Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
u6 u10 u10 u6 u10
u8 u12 u12 u8 u12
Expenses involved
Pitch allocation Monday for u6 & u8 - Tuesday for u10 & u12 from July to Feb will be rented to generate some funds.
We need to sell that the Multilateral Development Educational Programme is also an opportunity & a promotion for the other sports involved.
A collaboration agreement with the Multilateral Development Educational Program partners, sponsorship logos will be displayed on the clubs kit ,
as advertising boards in our football pitch & on the clubs internet page in-order to promote all sports involved while generating advertising funds.
An agreement with the clubs sponsors could be reached in order to sponsor these activities,
An agreement for 5-6 years should be reached. More sports disciplines means a wider range of people involved good for the sponsors involved.
Note that introduction of other sports and sponsor collaboration will be also considered in the future .
Conclusion
Early involvement in sports provides opportunities to develop gross motor skills that include, but are not limited to, hand-eye coordination,
jumping, throwing, hopping, balancing, and running. Adolescent bodies are not prepared to be treated like an adults body.
Diversification in sports at an early age has the potential to provide stimuli so that a childs body can adapt and develop multiple motor skills that
may crossover between sports.
However, only once the mental, physical, and social aspects of a child are fully developed can specialization can be considered.
Parents and coaches have to keep this in mind when choosing the level of competition that is appropriate for the athlete.
If the level of competition is not appropriate for one or all of these aspects, the child may have a negative experience.
Perhaps the most beneficial method is to allow the children to choose the sports they are passionate about, this way they are less likely to
experience burnout or overuse injuries while setting themselves up for a better chance of becoming a well-rounded elite athlete

Multilateral Development Programme

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The Multilateral Development Educational Programme

Generalized Training vs Specialized Training

UEFA Elite Course

Multilateral development versus Specialization

Multilateral development versus Specialization

Early Sport Specialization

Considerations and Concerns for Specialization

Growth and Injury Risk

Multilateral development versus Specialization continued

What do children lose when they specialize early?

Multilateral Development continued

Windows of Opportunity for Trainability

Component Time Frame

Strength is best characterised by developmental age rather than chronological age.

Slower performance improvement

MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME THROUGH FOOTBALL

THE MULTILATERAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME THROUGH FOOTBALL

THE STRUCTURE OF THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME

Months : July & August "POOL SESSIONS "

STRUCTURE OF THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME continued

Months: September & October "KARATE "

Combining football with Karate for 3 reasons:

Characterisation & Practice of karate:

STRUCTURE OF THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME continued

Months: November & December "MINIBASKET"

Among the many we want to highlight:

These aspects can certainly help the players in:

STRUCTURE OF THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME continued

Months: January & February "FUTSAL "

The benefits of futsal include:

Futsal can and should be used as a tool for player development

THE TIMETABLE FOR THE MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb

Pool Karate Mini-Basket Futsal

u6 & u8 u6 & u8 u6 & u8 u6 & u8

Typical football session week

u6 & u8 - 2 sessions /week

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun

u6 u10 u10 u6 u10

u8 u12 u12 u8 u12

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