BA2 - Cursuri 2014-2015 PDF

B.A.
II
67$5($/,0,78/7,0/$
)257,(72$5(
%LEOLRJUDILHUHFRPDQGDW
1. &RPSRUWDUHDLFDOFXOXOHOHPHQWHORUGLQEHWRQDUPDW
Radu Pascu
2. Beton Armat (Note de curs) Partea a II-a
7XGRU3RVWHOQLFXL0LKDLMunteanu
3. SR EN 1992-1-1: Eurocod 2 Proiectarea structurilor de beton
4. Reinforced Concrete Mechanics and design (4th edition)
James MacGregor LJames Wight
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
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HIOXFUULGULQJ(XJHQ/R]LQF
Catedra &RQVWUXFLLGH%HWRQArmat
B.A. II &RQVLGHUDLLLQWURGXFWLYH
3HPVXUFHIRUDWLHWRDUHFUHWHVSRUHWHL
unghiul D GLQWUHRUL]RQWDOLGLUHFLDHIRUWXULORU
principale, astfel nct n zonele de reazem
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IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
GLUHFLLOHHIRUWXULORUSULQFLSDOHGHYLQvQFOLQDWH.
Catedra &RQVWUXFLLGH%HWRQ$UPDW 2
QFRQVHFLQn zonele de reazem fisurile vor

fi de asemenea nclinateXUPULQGGLUHFLLOH
eforturilor principale de compresiune, iar
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IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
UXSHUHDYDDYHDORFGXSVHFLXQLvQFOLQDWH.
*ULQGFXVHFLXQHUHFWDQJXODUGLQWU-un PDWHULDORPRJHQLHODVWLF
W max 1.5W med
V S
Formula lui Juravski: W
bI
b h2 V
Momentul static: S W max 1,5
8 bh
0RPHQWXOGHLQHULH b h3
I
IVE
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AT
ICA
12
UN
*ULQGFXVHFLXQHUHFWDQJXODUGLQbeton armat
V
W max
b z
V S
Formula lui Juravski: W
bI
b x2
Momentul static: S ne As1d x
2 I x
d z
b x3 S 3
0RPHQWXOGHLQHULH I ne As1d x 2
3
Es
ne - FRHILFLHQWXOGHHFKLYDOHQ
Ec
V
W max
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AT
IVE ICA
UN
HIOXFUULGULQJ(XJHQ/R]LQF b z
*ULQGFXVHFLXQHUHFWDQJXODUGLQbeton armat
V
W max
b z
'HRDUHFHVXED[DQHXWUDEHWRQXOHVWHVROLFLWDWODIRUIHFDUHSXU
DFHDVWUHODLHSRDWHILHXWLOL]DWFDPVXUDHIRUWXULORUSULQFLSDOH.
7RWXLHDDUHXQFDUDFWHUFRQYHQLRQDOSHQWUXFSUHVXSXQHF
betonul fisurat poate transmite eforturi de forfecare.
QQRUPHHIRUWXOWDQJHQLDOFDOFXODWFXDFHDVWUHODLHHVWHXWLOL]DW
SHQWUXDH[SULPDQLYHOXOGHVROLFLWDUHODIRUWLHWRDUH. n plus,
pentru a simplifica calculul, se admite:
V
z#d W# - INDICE DOLQWHQVLWLLVROLFLWULLODIRUWLHWRDUH
T E A T EH N
bd
RSITA
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IVE ICA
UN
B.A. II (YDOXDUHDQLYHOXOXLGHVROLFLWDUHODIRUWLHWRDUH
6ROLFLWDUHDODIRUWLHWRDUHJHQHUHD]Rstare
ELD[LDOGHHIRUWXULNTINDERE-COMPRESIUNE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
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Pentru ca EHWRQXOVSRDWSUHOXDIRUDWLHWRDUH este necesar

VVHUHVSHFWHFRQGLLLOH
V I d f t' >V I @
d Rt'

V II d f c' >V II dR @ '
c
'DFDUH]LVWHQDODvQWLQGHUHDEHWRQXOXLHVWHGHSLW,
UHVSHFWLYGDFSULPDUHODLHQXHVWHVDWLVIFXWDtrebuie
SUHY]XWHDUPWXULWUDQVYHUVDOH.
'DFDUH]LVWHQDODFRPSUHVLXQHDEHWRQXOXLHVWHGHSLW,
UHVSHFWLYDGRXDUHODLHQXHVWHVDWLVIFXWWUHEXLHPULW
VHFLXQHDGHEHWRQ.
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
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Din cauza H[LVWHQHLXQRUHIRUWXULLQLLDOHGHvQWLQGHUHGLQ

FRQWUDFLDvPSLHGLFDWLDPRUVULLXQRUILVXULSURGXVHGH
momentul ncovoietor, VHFRQVLGHUFft'=0,5ft.
3UH]HQDVLPXOWDQDHIRUWXULORUGHvQWLQGHUHUHGXFH
VHPQLILFDWLYUH]LVWHQDEHWRQXOXLODFRPSUHVLXQHDVWIHOvQFkW
VHFRQVLGHUFfc'=4ft IDGHFFDy20)ft vQFD]XOXQHLVWUL
uniaxiale de compresiune.
Astfel, conform STAS 10107-GDF
V - DUPWXULOHGHIRUWLHWRDUHQXVXQWQHFHVDUH
0.5 f t
bd
V
0.5 f t d d 4 ft - WUHEXLHSUHY]XWHDUPWXULGHIRUWLHWRDUH
bd
V
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
! 4 ft - WUHEXLHPULWVHFLXQHDGHEHWRQ
bd
UN
B.A. II 0HFDQLVPHGHUH]LVWHQ
)RUDWLHWRDUHHVWHHJDOFXYDULDLDPRPHQWXOXL
ncovoietor n lungul grinzii. Cum, ntr-RJULQGGH
beton armat, momentul ncovoietor este produsul
GLQWUHIRUDGHvQWLQGHUHGLQDUPWXULLEUDXOGH
prghie al eforturilor interneUH]XOWF
Mecanism de Mecanism
*5,1' de ARC
'HFLIRUDWLHWRDUHSRDWHILHFKLOLEUDWILHSULQ
YDULDLDIRUHLGHvQWLQGHUHGLQDUPWXULILHSULQ
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
YDULDLDEUDXOXLGHSkUJKLHDOHIRUWXULORULQWHUQH
0HFDQLVPXOGH*5,1'
6HED]HD]SHtransmiterea eforturilor de
IRUIHFDUHvQVHFLXQLRUL]RQWDOHSULQDGHUHQ
GHODDUPWXUDvQWLQVODEHWRQXOILVXUDW LDSRL
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA SULQEHWRQFWUH]RQDFRPSULPDWDVHFLXQLL
Mecanismul de ARC
Este bazat pe WUDQVPLWHUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUH

SULQFRPSRQHQWDYHUWLFDODIRUHLGH
compresiune GLQELHODvQFOLQDWGHEHWRQ
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Mecanismul Mecanismul
de *5,1' de ARC
&HOHGRXPHFDQLVPHVHSRWGH]YROWDVLPXOWDQGDU
LPSRUWDQDILHFUXLDGHSLQGHGHULJLGLWDWHDUHODWLY
DFHORUGRXPHFDQLVPHODGHSODVULYHUWLFDOH
5DSRUWXOULJLGLWLORUGHSLQGHvQSULQFLSDOGH
raportul dimensiunilor (l/h) ale grinzii
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
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QDFHVWFDSLWROHVWHVWXGLDW
doar comportarea grinzilor lungi
Grinzi lungi (l/h > SUHGRPLQPHFDQLVPXOGHJULQG;

Grinzi-SHUHL (l/h < SUHGRPLQmecanismul de arc;
Grinzi intermediare (1.5 l/h 5): ambele mecanisme.
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
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B.A. II 0RGHOHGHFDOFXOODIRUWLHWRDUH
Modelul ODHFKLOLEUXOLPLW
XWLOL]DWvQQRUPHOHURPkQHWL67$6-90)
/DUXSHUHJULQGDHVWHPRGHODWFDGRXFRUSXULULJLGHFDUH
SRWDYHDRURWLUHUHODWLYvQMXUXOXQHLDUWLFXODLLVLWXDWvQ
]RQDFRPSULPDWDVHFLXQLL
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
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L ( / L
Modelul grinzii cu zbrele plastice
$IRVWSURSXVvQGHLQJLQHUXOHOYHLDQ5LWWHULvQ
independent, de inginerul german Mrsch
Modelul Ritter-Mrsch este utilizat n mai multe coduri de
SURLHFWDUHQDLRQDOHVLLQWHUQDLRQDOH',1&(%0RGHO
Code 1990, Eurocode 2)
*ULQGDHVWHPRGHODWFDRJULQGFX]EUHOHSODQvQFDUH
WDOSDFRPSULPDW UHSUH]LQW]RQDFRPSULPDWGHEHWRQ
(din ncovoiere)
WDOSDvQWLQVUHSUH]LQWDUPWXUDORQJLWXGLQDODvQWLQV
PRQWDQLL vQWLQL UHSUH]LQWHWULHULL
UN
IVE
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AT
ICA
diagonalele PRGHOHD]bielele comprimate din beton
formate n inima grinzii
Modelul grinzii cu zabrele plastice
Grinda lung cu armturile principale GHUH]LVWHQ

%LHO Zona
FRPSULPDW FRPSULPDW
vQFOLQDW de beton
$UPWXUDvQWLQV (WULHULvQWLQL
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Modelul de grind cu zbrele

B.A. II
MODELUL LA
(&+,/,%58/,0,7
Conform STAS 10107-0/90
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B.A. II 0RGHOXOODHFKLOLEUXOLPLW67$6-0/90)
Qb IRUDWLHWRDUHSUHOXDWGHEHWRQ
Tej, Tik IRUHOHFDUHVHGH]YROWvQDUPWXUDYHUWLFDOHWULHUXOM
UHVSHFWLYvQDUPWXUDvQFOLQDWN
zej, zik GLVWDQHOHDUPWXULORUYHUWLFDOHUHVSHFWLYvQFOLQDWHID
GHSXQFWXOGHDSOLFDLHDOUH]XOWDQWHLHIRUWXULORUGH
compresiune din beton;
si SURLHFLDSHRUL]RQWDODILVXULLvQFOLQDWH
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
B.A. II 0RGHOXOODHFKLOLEUXOLPLW67$6-0/90)
&RQGLLLOHDVRFLDWH6/8VHH[SULPSULQ
3ULPDHFXDLHHVWHYHULILFDWprintr-un calcul direct

A 3-a HFXDLHHVWHYHULILFDWvQPRGLQGLUHFWSULQPVXUL
constructive
RSITAT E A T EH N
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IVE ICA
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B.A. II 9HULILFDUHDFRQGLLHL4Qcap
)RUDWLHWRDUHSUHOXDWGHEHWRQ
QFD]XOXQXLHOHPHQWGHEHWRQDUPDWIUDUPWXULWUDQVYHUVDOH
ntr-o VHFLXQHvQFOLQDWILVXUDWIRUDWLHWRDUHHVWHSUHOXDWSULQ
Forfecare n zona comprimat Qb
RSITAT E A T EH N
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IVE ICA
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ntr-RVHFLXQHvQFOLQDWILVXUDWIRUDWLHWRDUHHVWHSUHOXDWSULQ
Efectul de dorn (dowel effectDODUPWXULORUORQJLWXGLQDOHQa
RSITAT E A T EH N
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IVE ICA
UN
ntr-RVHFLXQHvQFOLQDWILVXUDWIRUDWLHWRDUHHVWHSUHOXDWSULQ
QWUHSWUXQGHUHDLQWHUORFNQHUHJXODULWLORUEHWRQXOXLGHSH
FHOHGRXIHHDOHILVXULLWin
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Conform STAS 10107/0-90:
b OLPHDVHFLXQLLGHEHWRQ
h0 vQOLPHDXWLODVHFLXQLLGHEHWRQ
p SURFHQWXODUPWXULORUORQJLWXGLQDOH17,16(vQVHFLXQHD
UHVSHFWLYH[SULPDWvQ
Rt* UH]LVWHQDFRUHFWDWODvQWLQGHUHDEHWRQXOXLFDUH
depinde de tipul de solicitare;
si SURLHFLDSHRUL]RQWDODILVXULLFULWLFH
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Qb HVWHSURSRULRQDOFXGLPHQVLXQLOHLQLPLLVHFLXQLLbh0;

Qb HVWHSURSRULRQDOFXUH]LVWHQDODvQWLQGHUHDEHWRQXOXL5t;
Qb FUHWHFXSURFHQWXOGHDUPWXULvQWLQVHGHIDSWFUHWHUHD
FDQWLWLLGHDUPWXUvQWLQVLPSOLFRPULUHD]RQHL
comprimate de beton;
Qb FUHWHFXXQJKLXOILVXULLh0/si = tgT SHQWUXFQb = Cb tgT
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
&XFkWILVXUDHVWHPDLDEUXSWFXDWkWIRUD
WLHWRDUHSUHOXDWGHEHWRQHVWHPDLPDUH
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
)RUDWLHWRDUHSUHOXDWGHHWULHUL
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
)RUDWLHWRDUHSUHOXDWGHHWULHUL
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
)RUDWLHWRDUHSUHOXDWGHDUPWXULOHvQFOLQDWH
Aai,k Rat
Aai,k Rat sin D
Aai,k Rat
RSITAT E A T EH N
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IVE ICA
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Calculul practic
)RUHOHSUHOXDWHGHHWULHULLGHDUPWXULOHvQFOLQDWHGHSLQGGHXQJKLXO
fisurii nclinate cu axa grinzii.
)RUDWLHWRDUHSUHOXDWGHEHWRQYDULD]LHDvQIXQFLHGHvQFOLQDUHD
ILVXULLGDULQYHUVGHFkWIRUDGLQDUPWXULOHWUDQVYHUVDOH
$WkWvQFHUFULOHH[SHULPHQWDOHFkWLRVHULHGHFRQVLGHUDLLWHRUHWLFH
DUDWFXQJKLXOILVXULLYDULD]vQWUH L:
3HQWUXDJVLUH]LVWHQDPLQLPFDSDFLWDWHDODIRU
WLHWRDUHWUHEXLHFDOFXODWVXPDIRUHORUGLQDUPWXULL
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA beton pentru diverse unghiuri de nclinare a fisurii.
Calculul practic pentru grinzile doar cu ETRIERI
&XPLQb LQe VXQWIXQFLLFRQWLQXHGHVi, trebuie

JVLWPLQLPXOVXPHLIRUHORUGLQEHWRQLHWULHULn
IXQFLHGHXQJKLXOGHvQFOLQDUHT al fisurii
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Problema de VERIFICARE
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AT
IVE ICA
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Problema de DIMENSIONARE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
ne Aae Rat
Se aleg ne L Aae ae d
HIOXFUULGULQJ(XJHQ/R]LQF qe ,nec
*ULQ]LOHFX(75,(5,LBARE NCLINATE
QFD]XOFkQGH[LVWLEDUHvQFOLQDWHQXPDLHVWHSRVLELO
VDVHJVHDVFGLUHFWVROXLDVi,crLWUHEXLHIFXWHPDL
PXOWHvQFHUFULFRQVLGHUkQGGLIHULWHvQFOLQULDOHILVXULL
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
n domeniul 0,5h0 < si < 2,5 h0.
*ULQ]LOHFX(75,(5,LBARE NCLINATE
7RWXLODFRQVWUXFLLOHFLYLOHX]XDOHGDFVXQWUHVSHFWDWH
regulile constructive, pentru simplificare se poate admite
FILVXUDvQFOLQDWFHDPDLSHULFXORDVvQWkOQHWHXQ
VLQJXUSODQGHDUPWXULvQFOLQDWH.
Q Qb Qe Aai Rat sinD

Q Aai Rat sinD Qb Qe

6ROXLHDQDOLWLF(si,cr) a
IXQFLHLQeb(si)
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Elemente IUDUPWXUWUDQVYHUVDO
VXQWvQJHQHUDOSOFLOHLXQHOHJULQ]LVHFXQGDUHVODE
VROLFLWDWHODIRUWLHWRDUH
IRUDWLHWRDUHFDSDELOHVWHDVRFLDWYDORULLODFDUHVH
SURGXFHILVXUDUHDvQFOLQDW a betonului:
3HQWUXSOFLVHFRQVLGHURYDORDUHPDLPDUHDUH]LVWHQHLHIHFWLYH
ODvQWLQGHUHDEHWRQXOXLGHFkWODJULQ]LSHQWUXFVHLQHFRQWGH
posibilitatea UHGLVWULEXLULLHIRUWXULORUSHOLPHDUHD]HPXOXL,
SUHFXPLGHVODEDSUREDELOLWDWHGHDDWLQJHYDORDUHDPLQLPD
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA UH]LVWHQHLEHWRQXOXLSHWRDWOLPHDUHD]HPXOXL
B.A. II 9HULILFDUHDFRQGLLHL0Mcap

AaV a z Q x s ; Q x s M 2

M2
Va
Aa z
'DFUXSHUHDDUHORFGXSRVHFLXQHvQFOLQDWHIHFWXO
este RFUHWHUHDHIRUWXOXLGHvQWLQGHUHvQDUPWXUD
vQWLQV IDGHVLWXDLDFRUHVSXQ]kQGXQHLUXSHULvQ
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
VHFLXQHQRUPDO Va depinde de M2, nu de M1)
M r11 Aa Aai Ra z Aai Ra zi ; M r22 AaRa z
3HQWUXDHYLWDFHGDUHDHOHPHQWXOXLvQVHFLXQLvQFOLQDWH
M r11 t M r22 zi t z
'DFEDUHOHVXQWvQFOLQDWHOD DFHDVWFRQGLLHHVWH
vQGHSOLQLWGDFSXQFWXOGHULGLFDUHDODUPWXULLvQFOLQDWH
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
este decalat (translatat) cu 0,41z sau, acoperitor, h0/2.
QSUDFWLFvQORFVVHIDFYHULILFULOHSULQFDOFXOVHFRQVWUXLHWHR
GLDJUDPGHPRPHQWHGLODWDWFX0,5h LVHIDFYHULILFULOHUH]LVWHQD
ODvQFRYRLHUHOXQJLPLOHGHDQFRUDUHVHFLXQLOHGHvQWUHUXSHUHDOH
EDUHORUvQVHFLXQLQRUPDOHGDUIDGHGLDJUDPDGLODWDW
0RPHQWHFDSDELOHFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
DSRUWXOXLILHFUHLEDUH
a VHFLXQHDvQFDUHDUPWXULOHQX
mai sunt necesare din calcul;
b VHFLXQHDGLQFRORGHFDUHEDUHOH
marca 1 sunt utilizate n ntregime,
iar EDUDQXPDLHVWHQHFHVDU
din calcul, astfel nct se poate
vQFHSHULGLFDUHEDUHLGHPDUF
c - VHFLXQHDGLQFRORGHFDUHEDUD
HVWHXWLOL]DWvQvQWUHJLPHLDUEDUD
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
QXPDLHVWHQHFHVDUGLQFDOFXO
UN
d VHFLXQHDdincolo de care bara 3

HIOXFUULGULQJ(XJHQ/R]LQF HVWHXWLOL]DWvQvQWUHJLPH
B.A. II
67$5($/,0,78/7,0/$
)257,(72$5(
Conform Eurocod EN 1992-1-1
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1
Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1
(VWHGHQXPLWThe variable strut

inclination method
6HED]HD]SHmodelul grinzii cu
]EUHOH5LWWHU-Mrsch)
(FXDLLOHGLQ(1-1-DXODED]
RLPSRUWDQWFRPSRQHQWHPSLULF
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Elemente FDUHQXQHFHVLWDUPWXULWUDQVYHUVDOH
SHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUH
ntr-XQHOHPHQWQHILVXUDWIRUDWLHWRDUHHVWH
SUHOXDWSULQHIRUWXULSULQFLSDOHGHFRPSUHVLXQH
LvQWLQGHUHvQEHWRQ'HSLUHDUH]LVWHQHLOD
vQWLQGHUHDEHWRQXOXLGXFHODDSDULLDILVXULORU
nclinate n inima grinzii.
)LVXULOHGHOLPLWHD]RVHULHGHGLQLGHEHWRQ
vQFDVWUDLvQ]RQDFRPSULPDW.
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
7UDQVPLWHUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUHVHIDFHvQDFHDVW
VLWXDLHSULQXUPWRDUHOHPHFDQLVPH
- )RUHGHOXQHFDUHSUHOXDWHGHbetonul din
]RQDFRPSULPDW
- )RUHGHIUHFDUHvQWUHIHHOHILVXULORU
- )RUHYHUWLFDOHJHQHUDWHGHefectul de dorn
DODUPWXULORUORQJLWXGLQDOH ntinse
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
'DFILVXULOHQXDIHFWHD]WUDQVPLWHUHDHIRUWXULORUGH
lunecare, eforturile de forfecare auSHvQOLPHD
VHFLXQLLRGLVWULEXLHFXRYDORDUHPD[LPFRQVWDQW
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
GLQD[DQHXWULSkQODDUPWXUDvQWLQV
'DFILVXULOHQXWUDQVPLWGHORFIRUIHFDUHdintele
OXFUHD]FDRFRQVRO VXEDFLXQHDIRUHLWUDQVPLVSULQ
DGHUHQGHDUPWXUDORQJLWXGLQDO
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
6LWXDLDUHDOHVWHLQWHUPHGLDUvQWUHFHOHGRXFD]XUL
extreme, iar un model analitic de calcul este dificil de
realizat.
QFRQVHFLQV-a adoptat o IRUPXOHPSLULFFDUH
FRQLQHWRLIDFWRULLLPSRUWDQLSXLvQHYLGHQGH
vQFHUFULOHH[SHULPHQWDOHUHVSHFWLY
- GLPHQVLXQLOHVHFLXQLL: bw Ld
- SURSULHWLOHPHFDQLFHDOHEHWRQXOXL: fck
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
- FRHILFLHQWXOGHDUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDOvQWLQV: Ul=As/bwd
)RUDWLHWRDUHFDSDELO
VRd ,c >C Rd ,c k 100 Ul fck 1 / 3 k1V cp @bw d t VRd
min
,c Q min k1V cp bw d
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
)RUDWLHWRDUHFDSDELO
VRd ,c >C Rd ,c k 100 Ul fck 1 / 3 k1V cp @bw d t VRd
min
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
'DFYDORDUHDGHSURLHFWDUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUH - VEd ,
UH]XOWDWGLQFHDPDLGHIDYRUDELOFRPELQDLHGH
vQFUFUL
VEd VRd ,c
18(67(1(&(6$5$5078575$169(56$/
SHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUHJHQHUDWGHvQFUFULOH
exterioare aplicate.
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
&KLDUGDFQXVXQWQHFHVDUHDUPWXULSHQWUXIRU
WLHWRDUHVHSUHYHGHRDUPWXUWUDQVYHUVDOPLQLP:
Uw
Asw
bw s
! Uw ,min 0.08
fck / fyk
2EV$FHDVWDUPWXUPLQLPVHSRDWHRPLWHODHOHPHQWHODFDUH
HVWHSRVLELOUHGLVWULEXLUHDWUDQVYHUVDODvQFUFULORUFDVSUH
H[HPSOXODSOFLSOLQHQHUYXUDWHVDXFKHVRQDWH
2EV$UPWXUDPLQLPSRDWHGHDVHPHQHDOLSVLODHOHPHQWH
secundare (ex: la buiandrugi cu deschidere < 2 m) care nu contribuie
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
GHPDQLHUVHPQLILFDWLYODUH]LVWHQDLVWDELOLWDWHDVWUXFWXULL
Elemente &$5(1(&(6,7DUPWXUL
transversale SHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUH
'DFYDORDUHDGHSURLHFWDUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUH - VEd ,
UH]XOWDWGLQFHDPDLGHIDYRUDELOFRPELQDLHGH
vQFUFUL
VEd t VRd ,c
(67(1(&(6$5 $5078575$169(56$/
SHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUHJHQHUDWGHvQFUFULOH
exterioare aplicate.
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
6HED]HD]SHPRGHOXOJULQ]LLFX]EUHOH5LWWHU-Mrsch)
*ULQGDHVWHPRGHODWFDRJULQGFX]EUHOHSODQ
WDOSDFRPSULPDW UHSUH]LQW]RQDFRPSULPDWGH
beton (din ncovoiere)
WDOSDvQWLQVUHSUH]LQWDUPWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOvQWLQV
PRQWDQLL vQWLQL UHSUH]LQWHWULHULLvQWLQL
diagonalele PRGHOHD]ELHOHOHFRPSULPDWHGLQEHWRQ
formate n inima grinzii
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Grind lung cu armturile principale GHUH]LVWHQ

%LHO Zona
FRPSULPDW FRPSULPDW
vQFOLQDW de beton
$UPWXUDvQWLQV (WULHULvQWLQL
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Modelul de grind cu zbrele

6HSUHVXSXQHFWRDWHILVXULOHvQFOLQDWHIDFDFHODLXQJKLT
cu axa grinziiDFHVWDILLQGLXQJKLXOGHvQFOLQDUHDO
GLDJRQDOHORUJULQ]LLFX]EUHOH
*URVLPHDGLDJRQDOHORUHVWHJURVLPHDPLQLPDLQLPLLbw.
6HSUHVXSXQHGHDVHPHQHDFla SLU toate elementele
JULQ]LLFX]EUHOHVXQWVROLFLWDWHvQGRPHQLXOSODVWLF,
UHVSHFWLYvQHWULHULLDUPWXULOHORQJLWXGLQDOHHIRUWXO
unitar este fywd, respectiv fydvQWDOSDFRPSULPDWHVWHHJDO
cu fcd, iar n betonul diagonalelor cu fcd2 = Qfcd (redus din
T E A T EH N
FDX]DVWULLELD[LDOHGHHIRUWXUL
RSITA
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Modelul adoptat n EC2 QXLQHVHDPDGHHIRUWXULOHGH
OXQHFDUHSUHOXDWHSULQ]RQDFRPSULPDWLSULQIUHFDUHD
ntre fetele fisurii nclinate.
9HULILFDUHDODIRUWLHWRDUHSUHVXSXQH
I. Verificarea la compresiune a bielelor de beton
(diagonalele GZ)
II. 9HULILFDUHDODvQWLQGHUHDDUPWXULLWUDQVYHUVDOH
PRQWDQLL*=
III. 9HULILFDUHDDUPWXULLORQJLWXGLQDOHODvQWLQGHUHD
VXSOLPHQWDUJHQHUDWGHIRUDWLHWRDUH
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
VEd / sin T VEd

V cw d fcd 2
bw z cos T bw z sin T cos T
ERSITAT E A T EH N
AT
U NIV ICA
3HQWUXDLQHFRQWGHVWDUHDELD[LDOGHHIRUWXULvQWLQGHUH-
compresiune), UH]LVWHQDODFRPSUHVLXQHDEHWRQXOXLVH
FRUHFWHD]astfel:
fcd 2 Q 1fcd
unde:
fck
Q 1 0.61 - factor de reducere FHLQHFRQW
250
GHVWDUHDELD[LDOGHHIRUWXUL
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
VEd
V cw d fcd 2
bw z sin T cos T
z | 0.9d
Cum:
sin T cos T 1 / cot T tan T 0.5 sin 2T
9DORDUHDPD[LPDIRUHLWLHWRDUHDVRFLDW]GURELULL
betonului din diagonalele comprimate este:
VRd ,max bw z fcd 2 sin T cos T
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
0.9bw d Q 1fcd 0.5 sin 2T

IVE ICA
UN
VRd ,max
3HQWUXDLQHFRQWGHUH]XOWDWHOHvQFHUFULORUH[SHULPHQWDOH
Eurocodul EN 1992-1-OLPLWHD]vQFOLQDUHDELHOHORU la:
21.8q d T d 45q 2.5 t cot T t 1
22q 45q
V Rd ,max
0.31 bw d Q 1 fcd V Rd ,max
0.45 bw d Q 1 fcd
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
'DF VEd ! VRd45,qmax T ! 45q bielele comprimate nclinate de

EHWRQQXUH]LVWDVWIHOvQFkWHVWHQHFHVDUPULUHD
VHFLXQLLVDXDFODVHLGHEHWRQ.
22q
'DF VEd VRd ,max
T 22q VHOLPLWHD]XQJKLXOILVXULORU
nclinate la T 22q , respectiv cot T 2.5 .
22q 45q
'DF V Rd ,max
VEd V Rd ,max VHFDOFXOHD]:
2VEd
22q T 0.5 arcsin 45q
bw z Q 1fcd
ERSITAT E A T EH N
AT
U NIV ICA
Asw DULDWRWDODVHFLXQLORU
EUDHORUYHUWLFDOHale unui plan
de etrieri;
VEd ]G
T AswVsw
s GLVWDQDpasul) dintre etrieri
nw= zcot T/ s QXPUXOSODQXULORU

GHHWULHULLQWHUVHFWDLGHILVXU
VEd VEd
V sw d fywd
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
nw Asw z cot T
Asw
HIOXFUULGULQJ(XJHQ/R]LQF s 22
Catedra &RQVWUXFLLGH%HWRQ$UPDW
VEd Asw VEd

Din V sw d fywd t
z cot T s fywd z cot T
Asw
s
Cum: z | 0.9d
Asw VEd
t
T E A T EH N
s fywd 0.9d cot T
RSITA
AT
IVE ICA
UN
'HFLGXSGHWHUPLQDUHDDOHJHUHDXQJKLXOXLTFRQGLLD

GHUH]LVWHQLPSXQHFDIRUDWLHWRDUHJHQHUDWGH
vQFUFULVEd VILHLQIHULRDUIRUHLWLHWRDUHFDSDELOH
VRd,s DVRFLDWHLQWUULLvQFXUJHUHDHWULHULORULQWHUVHFWDLGH
fisura cu nclinarea T:
0.9d cot T
VEd d VRd ,s Asw fywk
s
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
3HQWUXDUHVSHFWDFRQGLLDGHQRQ-fragilitate, respectiv
SHQWUXDHYLWDUXSHUHDEUXVFDHWULHULORUvQPRPHQWXO
ILVXUULLEHWRQXOXLWUHEXLHSUHY]XWRDUPDUH
WUDQVYHUVDOPLQLP
min
Asw Asw fck
t 0.08bw
s s fywk

Asw fck
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
Uw t U wmin 0.08
bw s fywk
MEd
Ftd
VEdcot T
(FXDLDGHPRPHQWvQ2
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
VEd z cos T
IDGHVHFLXQHD<-Y: Ftd z
IVE ICA
UN
MEd
HIOXFUULGULQJ(XJHQ/R]LQF sin T 2 26
Catedra &RQVWUXFLLGH%HWRQ$UPDW
MEd
Ftd 0.5 VEd cot T 'Ftd 0.5 VEd cot T
z
&RPSRQHQWDRUL]RQWDODIRUHORUGHFRPSUHVLXQHGLQ
bielele nclinate de beton conduce la PDMRUDUHDIRUHLGH
vQWLQGHUHGLQDUPWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOIDGHYDORDUHD
JHQHUDWGHPRPHQWXOvQFRYRLHWRU
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
La proiectare trebuie VVHLQFRQWGHDFHVWVXSOLPHQW

att la VWDELOLUHDSXQFWHORUGHULGLFDUHLvQWUHUXSHUH a
DUPWXULORUORQJLWXGLQDOHFkWLODancorarea
DUPWXULORU n zona de reazem.
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
'Ftd 0.5 VEd cot T
UN
lbd
lbd
/DUHD]HPHOHPDUJLQDOHVLPSOXUH]HPDWHFKLDUGDFMEd=0,
HIRUWXOvQDUPDWXUODIDDUHD]HPXOXLQXHVWHQXOQFRQVHFLQ
SHUHD]HPDUPWXUDWUHEXLHDQFRUDWODIRUD'Ftd .
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
'DFUHSUH]HQWPJUDILFPRGXOGHYDULDLHDOIXQFLLORU
Asw VEd Asw Asw 1

fywd z cot T
/ 45q
s s s cot T
'Ftd 0.5 VEd cot T 'Ftd / 'Ftd 45q cot T
bw z fcd 2 VRd ,max 2

VRd ,max
cot T tan T VRd ,max 45q cot T tan T
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
2.0
1.8
'Ftd / 'Ftd 45q
Asw Asw
/ 45q
1.6 s s
Asw Asw 1.4

/ 45q
s s
1.2
'Ftd / 'Ftd 45q 1.0
0.8 VRd ,max

VRd ,max VRd ,max 45q
VRd ,max 45q 0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
T q
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
3HPVXUFHVFDGHvQFOLQDUHDT a diagonalelor:
VHUHGXFHFDQWLWDWHDQHFHVDUGHDUPWXU
WUDQVYHUVDOvQV
FUHWHIRUDVXSOLPHQWDUGHvQWLQGHUHGLQ
DUPWXUDORQJLWXGLQDO
9DORDUHDPD[LPDIRUHLGHFRPSUHVLXQHGLQELHOHOH
nclinate de beton corespunde unghiului T = 45q
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Calculul practic pentru grinzile cu ETRIERI VERTICALI
Problema de VERIFICARE (Caz I)
Se cunosc: b, h, As1, Asw, s, fcd, fywd LVEd

Se cere: SVHYHULILFHGDFVRd VEd
2VEd
Pas 1 'DFVHFXQRDWHVEd T 0.5 sin 1
bw zfcd 2
'DF T 22q 'DF 22q T 45q 'DF T ! 45q

*ULQGDFHGHD]OD
cot T 2.5 ; z | 0.9d z | 0.9d IRUWLHWRDUHSULQ
Pas 2
zdrobirea diagonalei
d d cot T comprimate de beton
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA VRd 2.25 Asw fywd VRd 0 .9 Asw fywd
s s
Problema de VERIFICARE (Caz II)
Se cunosc: b, h, As1, Asw, s, fcd, fywd

Se cere: &DSDFLWDWHDODIRUWLHWRDUHVRd
Pas 1 n acest caz, unghiul T VHGHWHUPLQDVWIHOvQFkWVVHUHDOL]H]H

HFKLOLEUXOGHIRUHvQQRGXULOH*=UHVSHFWLYSXQkQGFRQGLLD VRd ,max VRd ,s

bw zfcd 2 Asw 1
cot T tan T s
fywd z cot T T arctan
1 fcd 2 1
Uw fywd

Pas 2 Identic cu cel asociat problemei de verificare (Caz I)
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Se cunosc: b, h, As1, fcd, fywd , VEd

Se cere: $UPWXUDWUDQVYHUVDOQHFHVDUAsw, s)
Pas 1 6HFDOFXOHD]FDSDFLWDWHDODIRUWLHWRDUHDEHWRQXOXLVLPSOXQHDUPDW
VRd ,c >C
Rd ,c k 100 Ul fck 1 / 3 k1V cp @bw d t VRd
min
'DFVEd < VRd,c QXHVWHQHFHVDU 'DFVEd > VRd,c (67(1(&(6$5

DUPWXUWUDQVYHUVDO$FHDVWDVH DUPWXUWUDQVYHUVDOSHQWUX
dispune pe criterii constructive. SUHOXDUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUH
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Se cunosc: b, h, As1, fcd, fywd , VEd

Se cere: $UPWXUDWUDQVYHUVDOQHFHVDUAsw, s)
2VEd
Pas 2 6HGHWHUPLQ T 0.5 sin 1
bw zfcd 2
'DF T 22q 'DF 22q T 45q 'DF T ! 45q
cot T 2.5 ; z | 0.9d z | 0.9d

Pas 3 Se impune PULUHD

LQLPLLVHFLXQLLde
Asw VEd Asw VEd
t t beton
2.25 d fywd 0.9d fywd cot T
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE
s s
ICA
UN
Grinzi cu (75,(5,1&/,1$,
7DOSDFRPSULPDW Biele 7DOSDvQWLQV (WULHULvQFOLQDL
cot T cot D
VRd ,max bw zfcd 2 (1)
2
1 cot T
Asw
VRd ,s fywd zcot T cot D sin D (2)
s
T E A T EH N
'Ftd 0.5VEd cot T cot D (3)
RSITA
AT
IVE ICA
UN
Grinzi cu (75,(5,1&/,1$,
7DOSDFRPSULPDW Biele 7DOSDvQWLQV (WULHULvQFOLQDL
Din (1) GLVSXQHUHDHWULHULORUvQFOLQDLUHGXFHIRUD

GHFRPSUHVLXQHvQELHODGLDJRQDOLPUHWHDVWIHO
IRUDWLHWRDUHFDUHSRDWHILSUHOXDWGHEHWRQ
Din (3) GLVSXQHUHDHWULHULORUvQFOLQDLreduce fora
UN
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
ICA
de ntindere din armatura longitudinal.
Grinzi cu DUPWXULORQJLWXGLQDOHvQFOLQDWH
Lungimea de
ancorare
Asw,i Asw,i
Vwd ,i Asw ,i fyd sin D
EC2 impune o GLVWDQPD[LPvQWUHSXQFWHOHGH

ridicare a barelor nclinate:
s d 0.6d 1 cot D
IVE
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
EC2 impune ca FHOSXLQGLQIRUDWLHWRDUHV
ILHSUHOXDWFXDUPWXUVXEIRUPGHHWULHUL.
ICA
UN
&RQGLLDGHHYLWDUHDFHGULLFDVDQWH(fragile)
3HQWUXDHYLWDDSDULLDXQHLFHGULFDVDQWHSULQ]GURELUHDGLDJRQDOHL
comprimate de beton HVWHQHFHVDUFDIRUDWLHWRDUHFHSURGXFHLQWUDUHD
vQFXUJHUHDHWULHULORUVILHLQIHULRDUIRUHLWLHWRDUHODFDUHVH]GUREHWH
diagonala de beton'HRDUHFHYDORDUHDPD[LPDIRUHLGHFRPSUHVLXQH
din diagonala de beton corespunde unui unghi T=45qGLQFRQGLLD
T 45q
VRd ,S d VRd ,max
VHRELQHFDQWLWDWHDPD[LPDGPLV
GHDUPWXUWUDQVYHUVDO:

Asw f Asw b f
0.5 bw cd 2 0.5 w cd 2
s max fywd s max sin D fywd
RSITAT E A T EH N
AT
IVE ICA
Grinzi cu etrieri verticali Grinzi cu HWULHULvQFOLQDL

UN
B.A. II
67$5($/,0,78/7,0/$
)257,(72$5(
9HULILFDUHDDUPWXULLORQJLWXGLQDOHOD
vQWLQGHUHDVXSOLPHQWDUJHQHUDWGHIRUD
WLHWRDUH
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
&DWHGUD&RQVWUXFLLGH%HWRQ$UPDW
B.A. II 0HWRGDGHFDOFXOGLQ(1
'HWHUPLQDUHDVHFLXQLORUGHvQWUHUXSHUHD
DUPWXULORUORQJLWXGLQDOHvQWLQVH
'LQFDX]DIRUHLWLHWRDUHUHVSHFWLYGDWRULW FRPSRQHQWHLRUL]RQWDOHD
IRUHLGHFRPSUHVLXQHGLQGLDJRQDODGHEHWRQHIRUWXOGHvQWLQGHUHGLQ
DUPWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOFUHWH IDGHYDORDUHDSURGXVGHDFLXQHD
PRPHQWXOXLvQFRYRLHWRUFX
'Ftd . VEd cot T cot D

MEd M
Ftd 'Ftd d Ed ,max
z z
$UPWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOWUHEXLHYHULILFDWODRIRUGH
81
,9(
56,7$7($ 7(+1,

&$
vQWLQGHUHPDLPDUHGHFkWFHDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHvQFRYRLHULL
/DVWDELOLUHDVHFLXQLORUGHvQWUHUXSHUHLHYHQWXDOGHULGLFDUH
DDUPWXULORUORQJLWXGLQDOHWUHEXLHFRQVLGHUDWVSRUXOGHHIRUW
GDWRUDWDFLXQLLIRUHLWLHWRDUH
3HQWUXVWDELOLUHDVHFLXQLORUGHvQWUHUXSHUHVHFRQVLGHUF
2 EDUGHDUPWXUSUHLDRIRUGHvQWLQGHUHHJDOFX
]HURvQSXQFWXOGHvQWUHUXSHUHL RIRUHJDOFX
FDSDFLWDWHDDFHVWHLDODGLVWDQDlbd GHFDSWXOHLLDUvQWUH
81
,9(
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
&$
DFHVWHGRXSXQFWHHIRUWXOGLQEDUYDULD]OLQLDU

QSUDFWLFDGHSURLHFWDUHVHFLXQLOHGHvQWUHUXSHUHULGLFDUH
DDUPWXULORUORQJLWXGLQDOHVHGHWHUPLQJUDILFDVWIHO
6HGHWHUPLQGLDJUDPDvQIXUWRDUHGHPRPHQWHvQFRYRLHWRDUH
'LDJUDPDvQIXUWRDUHUHSUH]LQWORFXOJHRPHWULFDOYDORULORUPD[LPHSR]LWLYHL
QHJDWLYH vQILHFDUHVHFLXQHGLQOXQJXOHOHPHQWXOXL
&RQVLGHUkQGFRQVWDQWEUDXOGHSkUJKLHz=ct.VHUHSUH]LQW
GLDJUDPDIRUHLGLQDUPWXUDvQWLQVRELQXWvPSULQGGLDJUDPD
GHPRPHQWHODEUDXOGHSkUJKLHFs = MEd /z
3HQWUXUHSUH]HQWDUHVHDGRSWRVFDUFRQYHQDELOSHQWUXOXQJLPL([
81
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56,7$7($ 7(+1,

&$ LRVFDUSHQWUXIRUH([N1 FP
6HGLODWGLDJUDPDGHIRUHGHvQWLQGHUHSHQWUXDOXDvQFRQVLGHUDUH
VSRUXOGHPRPHQWSURGXVGHDFLXQHDIRUHLWLHWRDUH'LDJUDPDVH
GLODWFX
al . z cot T cot D
GHRDUHFHVEd UHSUH]LQWSDQWDGLDJUDPHLGHPRPHQWHDVWIHOvQFkWVEd /z

UHSUH]LQWSDQWDGLDJUDPHLFtd
QFD]XOHOHPHQWHORUODFDUHDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOQXHVWHQHFHVDU
GLDJUDPDGHIRUHWUHEXLHGLODWDWFX al d
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
6HVWDELOHWHDUPWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOHIHFWLYLVHPDUFKHD]FXOLQLL
RUL]RQWDOHFDSDFLWDWHDILHFUHLEDUHGHDUPWXU
6HVWDELOHVFSXQFWHOHGHvQWUHUXSHUHDDUPWXULORUORQJLWXGLQDOH
DVWIHOvQFkWvQILHFDUHVHFLXQHGLQOXQJXOJULQ]LLIRUDFDSDELOD
DUPWXULORUDFWLYHVILHPDLPDUHGHFkWIRUDGHvQWLQGHUHDVRFLDW
GLDJUDPHLGLODWDWH
$FHVWSDVLPSOLFWUDVDUHDGLDJUDPHLGHIRUFDSDELODVWIHOvQFkWDFHDVWDVQXILH
81
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56,7$7($ 7(+1,

&$
LQWHUVHFWDWGHGLDJUDPDGLODWDW GHIRUGLQDUPWXUDvQWLQV
([HPSOX $UPDUHDORQJLWXGLQDODXQHLJULQ]LSULQFLSDOH
'HSR]LWvQJURSDWDYkQGVWUXFWXUDvQFDGUHGHEHWRQDUPDW
3ODQHXOHVWHXWLOL]DWFDSODWIRUPH[WHULRDUGHGHSR]LWDUH
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
3DV 'LDJUDPDvQIXUWRDUH GHPRPHQWvQFRYRLHWRU
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
3DV 'LDJUDPDIRUHLGLQDUPWXUDLQIHULRDUz = ct
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
3DV 'LODWDUHDGLDJUDPHL FX al . z cot T
0(G] DO
DO
')WG
E
DO DO
3DQWD 'Ftd .VEd cot T
tgE
GLDJUDPHL al al
al . z cot T
d Ftd
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
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81
d MEd VEd

tgE
&DWHGUD&RQVWUXFLLGH%HWRQ$UPDW dx dx z z
3DV 6HPDUFKHD]FDSDFLWDWHDILHFUHLEDUHGHDUPWXU
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
3DV 6HVWDELOHVFSXQFWHOHGHvQWUHUXSHUHDDUPWXULORU
'LDJUDPDGHIRU
FDSDELOQXWUHEXLH
VILHLQWHUVHFWDWGH
GLDJUDPDGLODWDW
bd bd
bd bd
bd bd
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
6HUHSHWDFHHDLSDLLSHQWUXDUPWXULOHVXSHULRDUH
EG EG EG
EG EG EG
EG
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
$UPDUHDORQJLWXGLQDODJULQ]LLSULQFLSDOH
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
B.A. II
)25)(&$5($175(,1,0$
,7$/3$*5,1=,/257
&RQIRUP(XURFRG(1
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
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81
)RUIHFDUHDvQWUHLQLPDLWDOSDJULQ]LORU7
/D JULQ]LOH 7 IRUHOH GH FRPSUHVLXQH VDX GH

vQWLQGHUH GLQ WDOS VXQW WUDQVIHUDWH FWUH LQLPD
JULQ]LL SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO HIRUWXULORU GH IRUIHFDUH
FH VH GH]YROW OD LQWHUIDD LQLPWDOS
&RQIRUP (1 PHFDQLVPXO GH WUDQVIHU DO
DFHVWRU IRUH GLQ WDOS VH PRGHOHD] SULQ
LQWHUPHGLXO XQXL VLVWHP GH ELHOH FRPSULPDWH GH
EHWRQ L WLUDQL DUPWXULOH vQWLQVH Asf
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
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81
QEd
(IRUWXOGHIRUIHFDUHORQJLWXGLQDOvEd GH]YROWDWODLQWHUIDDvQWUHRDULSD
WOSLLLLQLPHVWHJHQHUDWGHYDULDLDIRUHLD[LDOHGLQDULSDFRQVLGHUDW
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
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81
QEd
'Fd
Q Ed
hf 'x
'Fd YDULDLDIRUHLD[LDOHvQDULSDWOSLLSHOXQJLPHD'x
hf JURVLPHDSOFLLODLQWHUIDDFXLQLPD
81
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56,7$7($ 7(+1,

&$
'x OXQJLPHDFRQVLGHUDWFDUHFRQIRUPSUHYHGHULORUGLQ(&VH
FDOFXOHD]DVWIHO
DQFD]XOvQFUFULORUXQLIRUPGLVWULEXLWH
'x FHOPXOWMXPWDWHGLQGLVWDQD
GLQWUHSXQFWXOGHPRPHQWQXO
LFHOGHPRPHQWPD[LP
EQFD]XOIRUHORUFRQFHQWUDWH
'x FHOPXOWGLVWDQDGLQWUH
IRUHOHFRQFHQWUDWH
56,7$7($ 7(+1,
,9( &$
81
9DULDLDIRUHLD[LDOHvQDULSDWOSLL 'Fd
D'DFWDOSDHVWHvQ]RQDFRPSULPDWDVHFLXQLL
EHII &XPYDULDLDIRUHLGHFRPSUHVLXQHGLQ
EHIIEZ 'MEd / z z | d hf /
EHWRQHVWHLDU
LFRQVLGHUkQGRGLVWULEXLHFRQVWDQWD
KI HIRUWXOXLGHFRPSUHVLXQHSHOLPHDWOSLL
'MEd b bw
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B.A.

QFRQVHFLQn zonele de reazem fisurile vor

W max 1.5W med

Pentru ca EHWRQXOVSRDWSUHOXDIRUDWLHWRDUH este necesar

Din cauza H[LVWHQHLXQRUHIRUWXULLQLLDOHGHvQWLQGHUHGLQ

Este bazat pe WUDQVPLWHUHDIRUHLWLHWRDUH

Grinzi lungi (l/h >  SUHGRPLQPHFDQLVPXOGHJULQG;

Modelul grinzii cu zbrele plastice

Modelul grinzii cu zabrele plastice

Grinda lung cu armturile principale GHUH]LVWHQ

Modelul de grind cu zbrele

Conform STAS 10107-0/90

B.A. II 0RGHOXOODHFKLOLEUXOLPLW 67$6-0/90)

3ULPDHFXDLHHVWHYHULILFDWprintr-un calcul direct

Conform STAS 10107/0-90:

Conform STAS 10107/0-90:

Qb HVWHSURSRULRQDOFXGLPHQVLXQLOH LQLPLL VHFLXQLLbh0;

Conform STAS 10107/0-90:

Calculul practic pentru grinzile doar cu ETRIERI

&XPLQb LQe VXQWIXQFLLFRQWLQXHGHVi, trebuie

Calculul practic pentru grinzile doar cu ETRIERI

Calculul practic pentru grinzile doar cu ETRIERI

Calculul practic pentru grinzile doar cu ETRIERI

Calculul practic pentru grinzile doar cu ETRIERI

Q Qb  Qe  Aai Rat sin D

M r11 Aa  Aai Ra z  Aai Ra zi ; M r22 AaRa z

d VHFLXQHDdincolo de care bara 3

Conform Eurocod EN 1992-1-1

Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

(VWHGHQXPLWThe variable strut

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

Grind lung cu armturile principale GHUH]LVWHQ

Modelul de grind cu zbrele

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

VEd / sin T VEd

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

0.9bw d Q 1fcd 0.5 sin 2T

21.8q d T d 45q 2.5 t cot T t 1

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

'DF VEd ! VRd45,qmax T ! 45q bielele comprimate nclinate de

nw= zcot T/ s QXPUXOSODQXULORU

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

VEd Asw VEd

'HFLGXSGHWHUPLQDUHD DOHJHUHD XQJKLXOXLTFRQGLLD

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

La proiectare trebuie VVHLQFRQWGHDFHVWVXSOLPHQW

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

Asw VEd Asw Asw 1

'Ftd 0.5 VEd cot T 'Ftd / 'Ftd 45q cot T

bw z fcd 2 VRd ,max 2

B.A. II Metoda de calcul din EN 1992-1-1

Asw Asw 1.4

'Ftd / 'Ftd 45q 1.0

0.8 VRd ,max

QFRQVHFLQn zonele de reazem fisurile vor

Grinzi lungi (l/h > SUHGRPLQPHFDQLVPXOGHJULQG;

B.A. II 0RGHOXOODHFKLOLEUXOLPLW67$6-0/90)

Qb HVWHSURSRULRQDOFXGLPHQVLXQLOHLQLPLLVHFLXQLLbh0;

Q Qb Qe Aai Rat sinD

M r11 Aa Aai Ra z Aai Ra zi ; M r22 AaRa z

'HFLGXSGHWHUPLQDUHDDOHJHUHDXQJKLXOXLTFRQGLLD

'DF T 22q 'DF 22q T 45q 'DF T ! 45q

Pas 1 6HFDOFXOHD]FDSDFLWDWHDODIRUWLHWRDUHDEHWRQXOXLVLPSOXQHDUPDW

'DF T 22q 'DF 22q T 45q 'DF T ! 45q

'Ftd . VEd cot T cot D

GHRDUHFHVEd UHSUH]LQWSDQWDGLDJUDPHLGHPRPHQWHDVWIHOvQFkWVEd /z

c , P FRHILFLHQL FDUHGHSLQGGHUXJR]LWDWHDLQWHUIHHL GHFRQWDFW

c , P FRHILFLHQL FDUHGHSLQGGHUXJR]LWDWHDLQWHUIHHL GHFRQWDFW

7HQGLQD GH D GLVORFD SDUWHD LQIHULRDU D LQLPLL JULQ]LL SULQFLSDOH

FEd d Asw fywd Asw fyd sin D

&RQIRUP (1 R SDUWH GLQ HWULHULL GH VXVSHQGDUH SRW IL

JULQGSULQFLSDOSXUWWRDUHGHvQOLPHh1

DHWULHULGHVFKLLFDSUHVDXvQFKLL

HLQHGHJXMRDQHFXFDS IJXMRDQHFXGXEOXFDS JVHFLXQLGHSURILOGXEOX7

CRd,c . / J c .

fywd,ef .d d fywd UH]LVWHQDHIHFWLYGHFDOFXODDUPWXULORUGHVWUSXQJHUH >03D@

S I b d S

'HFL Q Ed . MPa d Q Rd ,max

CRd,c . ; Ul .

Q Ed ,u . MPa ! Q Rd ,c . MPa

sr d .d mm Aleg sr mm

fck sr st

/HJHDFRQVWLWXWLYUHODLDT-Tt

'LVWDQDSDVXOvQWUHHWULHULLGHWRUVLXQHWUHEXLHVQXILHPDL

6HFXQRVFb, h, Asl , Asw (per perete seciune), s, fcd, fywd LTEd

3DV 6HVWDELOHWHVHFLXQHDWXEXODUHFKLYDOHQWtef, Ak, uk

'DF T q 'DF q T q 'DF T ! q

cot T . ; z | .d z | .d

6HFXQRVFb, h, fcd, fywd TEd

3DV 6HVWDELOHWHVHFLXQHDWXEXODUHFKLYDOHQWtef, Ak, uk

'DF T q 'DF q T q 'DF T ! q

TRd ,max PRPHQWXOGHWRUVLXQHPD[LP TRd ,max Ak t ef Q fcd sin T cos T

6HFXQRVFb, h, fcd, fywd As1 GLQMEdVEd TEd

6HFDOFXOHD] VRd ,c >CRd ,c k Ul fck / @bw d

6HFDOFXOHD] TRd ,c Ak tef fctd

6HFXQRVFb, h, fcd, fywd As1 GLQMEdVEd TEd