Lateral Capacity of Pile (FEM)

LPile
Pile Lateral Load Analysis Using Finite Difference Method
LatPile Function
Pile bending moments, forces and deflection due to lateral loads using a finite difference analysis
=LatPile(Segments, Loads, Support Stiffness, EI)
Input:
Segments 2 column range listing pile length and number of segments

Loads 3 row range listing applied loads at head of pile: Shear Force, Bending Moment, Axial Load
Soil stiffness Single column range listing soil stiffness (kN/m/m length) at each pile node
EI Single column range listing pile section stiffness (EI) at each pile node
Note: If the ranges specified for Soil-stiffness and EI have fewer rows than the number of nodes
then the last provided value is applied to nodes to the bottom of the pile
Sign Convention Assuming a vertical pile, with nodes listed from top to bottom:
Deflections and loads are positive from left to right
Positive bending moments cause compression in the right side of the pile
Output:
Output is a 4 column array, enter as an array function:
To enter an array function: Enter the function in the top left cell of the output range
Select the entire output range
Press F2
Press Ctrl-shift-enter
Column 1 Node Position from top
Column 2 Deflection
Column 3 Bending Moment
Column 4 Shear force
Example 1: 20 m pile in a uniform soil

Layers Loads
Length Subdivisions Type kN
20 20 Shear 100
Moment 100
Axial 1000
104166.66667 0.0052083333
Soil Stiffness, kN/m/m Pile EI X Deflection Moment Shear Force

2500 104166.7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Page 1
LPile

Example 2: Soil stiffness increasing with depth, pile cracking moment 60 kNm
Layers Loads
Length Subdivisions Type kN
20 40 Shear 100
Moment 100
Axial 1000
Soil Stiffness, kN/m/m Pile EI X Deflection Moment Shear Force

Page 2
LPile

Page 3
LPile
Moment, Axial Load
an the number of nodes
Bending Moment
12.00
10.00
8.00 Page 4
6.00
Bending Moment
12.00 LPile
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.000 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000
Bending Moment
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Page 5
2.00
LPile
0.00
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Page 6
LPile
Shear Force
12.00
10.00
8.00 Page 7
6.00
Shear Force
12.00 LPile
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
60.000 -60.0 -40.0 -20.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0
Shear Force
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
35.0 40.0 45.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Page 8
2.00
LPile
0.00
35.0 40.0 45.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Page 9
LPile
Deflection
0.00E+00 5.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.50E+01 2.00E+01
12.00
10.00
8.00
Page 10
y
6.00
Deflection
0.00E+00 5.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.50E+01 2.00E+01
12.00
LPile
10.00
8.00
y
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0 100.0 120.0
Deflection
0.00E+005.00E+001.00E+011.50E+012.00E+012.50E+013.00E+013.50E+014.00E+0
12.00
10.00
8.00
y
6.00
4.00
2.00
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 0.00
Page 11
2.00
LPile
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 0.00
Page 12
LPile
+01 2.00E+01 2.50E+01
Page 13
+01 2.00E+01 2.50E+01
LPile
0E+013.50E+014.00E+014.50E+01
Page 14
LPile
Page 15
Finite Difference Equations:
Row -2 Y(-2) * EI(0) / 2L^3 - Y(-1) * (EI(0) / L^3 + Ax / 2L) + Y(1) * (EI(0) / L^3 + Ax / 2L) - Y(2) * EI(0) / 2L^3 = F
Row -1 Y(-1) * EI(0) / L^2 - 2Y(0) * EI(0) / L^2 + Y(1) * EI(0) / L^2 = M
Row n Y(n-2) * EI(n-1) + Y(n-1) * (-2*EI(n-1) - 2*EI(n) + Ax / L^2) + Y(n) * (EI(n-1) + 4*EI(n) + EI(n+1)
- 2*Ax / L^2 + K(n)L^4) Y(n+1) * (-2*EI(n) -2*EI(n+1) +Ax/L^2) + Y(n+2) * EI(n+1) = 0
Row N+1 Y(N-1) - 2*Y(N) + Y(N+1) = 0
Row N + 2 Y(N-2) - Y(N-1) * (2 - Ax*L^2 / EI(N)) + Y(N+1) * (2 - Ax*L^2 / EI(N)) + Y(N+2) = 0
Where: Pile nodes are numbered from 0 to N from top to bottom

Nodes: -2, -1, N+1 and N+2 are virtual nodes to control end conditions
Y(n), EI(n), K(n), Ax(n) are Pile lateral deflection, Section stiffness, Soil stiffness, and Axial Load respectivly, a
F and M are the applied horizontal force and bending moment at the pile head
The system of simultaneous equations is solved to find the pile deflections, Y(-2) to Y(N+2). The pile actions are then given
Moment M(n) = EI(n) * (Y(n-1) - 2*Y(n) + Y(n+1))
Shear ((M(n+1) - M(n-1)) / 2L =$C22+4*$C23+$C24+$B23*
K EI Ax SL_1 n Finite Difference Matrix

1 -2 52083.333333 -1.04E+05 0 ### ### 0
6.36E-03 2500 1.04E+05 -1 0 1.04E+05 ### ### 0 0
3.20E+07 2500 1.04E+05 1000 0 1.04E+05 -4.16E+05 ### ### ### 0
2.04E+05 2500 1.04E+05 1000 1 0 1.04E+05 ### ### ### ###
1.95E+00 2500 1.04E+05 1000 2 0 0 ### ### ### ###
2500 1.04E+05 1000 3 0 0 0 ### ### ###
2500 1.04E+05 1000 4 0 0 0 0 ### ###
2500 1.04E+05 1000 5 0 0 0 0 0 ###
2500 1.04E+05 1000 6 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 11 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 12 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 13 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 14 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 16 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 17 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 18 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 19 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500 1.04E+05 1000 21 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.04E+05 22 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inverted Matrix
SL_2 1 -0.0003429 0.00015241 0 0 0 ###
SL_3 1 -0.000292381 0.00010372 0 0 0 ###
SL_4 1 -0.000228906 6.3475E-05 0 0 0 ###
-0.000165432 3.2831E-05 ### 0 1E-04 ###
-0.00010942 1.132E-05 ### ### 9E-05 ###
-6.42904E-05 -2.402E-06 ### ### 7E-05 ###
-3.07341E-05 -1.002E-05 ### ### 5E-05 ###
-7.78649E-06 -1.324E-05 ### ### 3E-05 ###
0.000006356 -1.353E-05 ### ### 2E-05 ###
1.376833E-05 -1.211E-05 ### ### 1E-05 ###
1.643762E-05 -9.875E-06 ### ### 3E-06 ###
0.000016066 -7.427E-06 ### ###-1E-06 ###
1.399044E-05 -5.147E-06 ### ###-4E-06 ###
1.117845E-05 -3.23E-06 ### ###-5E-06 ###
0.000008269 -1.746E-06 ### ###-5E-06 ###
5.633672E-06 -6.843E-07 ### ###-4E-06 ###
0.000003443 1.4904E-08 ### ###-3E-06 ###
1.727912E-06 4.291E-07 ### ###-3E-06 ###
4.323178E-07 6.3878E-07 ### ###-2E-06 ###
-5.45487E-07 7.1603E-07 ### ###-9E-07 ###
-1.3206E-06 7.1891E-07 ### ###-1E-07 ###
-0.000001997 6.8897E-07 ### ### 6E-07 ###
-2.64784E-06 6.5086E-07 ### ### 1E-06 ###
-3.29869E-06 6.1274E-07 ### ### 2E-06 ###
-3.91153E-06 5.6718E-07 ### ### 3E-06 ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###

#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###
(2) * EI(0) / 2L^3 = F
Axial Load respectivly, at Node n
ile actions are then given by:
2+4*$C23+$C24+$B23*SL_4-2*$D23*SL_2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ### ### ### ### ### 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ### 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ### 0 ### -1 0
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0.1 0.2
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0.1 0.2
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0.1 0.1
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0.1 0.1
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0.1 0.1
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0.1 0
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0.1 0
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 0
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 0
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 0
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 0
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 -1
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### -1 -1
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### -1 -1
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### -1 -1
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### -1 -1
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### -1 0
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### -1 0.4
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### -1 2
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 3
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 1 6
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 ### 3 9
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 7 12
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 11 15
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 0 0 0 16 18
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Moment Shear Difference from Lpile Output
100.0 100.0 #VALUE! #VALUE!

172.9 47.3 #VALUE! #VALUE!
194.5 5.6 #VALUE! #VALUE!
184.1 -19.0 #VALUE! #VALUE!
156.4 -31.0 #VALUE! #VALUE!
122.1 -34.2 #VALUE! #VALUE!
88.0 -32.1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
58.0 -27.1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
33.9 -21.0 #VALUE! #VALUE!
16.0 -15.0 #VALUE! #VALUE!
3.9 -9.8 #VALUE! #VALUE!
-3.5 -5.6 #VALUE! #VALUE!
-7.9 1.0 #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.0 0.2 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Deflection
0.049531
0.03961
0.029238 #VALUE!
0.019826 #VALUE!
0.012074 #VALUE!
0.006189 #VALUE!
0.002071 #VALUE!
-0.000545 #VALUE!
-0.001989 #VALUE!
-0.002588 #VALUE!
-0.002631 #VALUE!
-0.002349 #VALUE!
-0.001914 #VALUE!
-0.001441 #VALUE!
-0.001002 #VALUE!
-0.000632 #VALUE!
-0.000343 #VALUE!
-0.00013 #VALUE!
2.06E-05 #VALUE!
0.000126 #VALUE!
0.000204 #VALUE!
0.000269 #VALUE! 6.46E-05
0.00033 #VALUE! 6.13E-05
0.000391 6.13E-05
0.000448 5.67E-05
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

12
10
12
10
6 Colum
n AL
#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
0 #VALUE!
2 #VALUE!
4 6#VALUE!8 #VALUE!
10 #VALUE!
12 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Disclaimer
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
A copy of the GNU General Public License may be obtained from:

The Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
dougjenkins@interactiveds.com.au
www.interactiveds.com.au
http://newtonexcelbach.wordpress.com/
Copyright 2009, 2016 Interactive Design Services Pty Ltd. all rights reserved
Revision History
Current Version 1.01 1-Jul-16
Rev Date By Description
1.00 25-Sep-09 DAJ First release

1.01 1-Jul-16 DAJ First release corrections to stiffness matrix for segment length <> 1.0 See LatPilePY for
s reserved
ength <> 1.0 See LatPilePY for latest version

Lateral Capacity of Pile (FEM)

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Lateral Capacity of Pile (FEM)

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LPile

Pile Lateral Load Analysis Using Finite Difference Method

Segments 2 column range listing pile length and number of segments

Example 1: 20 m pile in a uniform soil

Soil Stiffness, kN/m/m Pile EI X Deflection Moment Shear Force

2500 104166.7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Soil Stiffness, kN/m/m Pile EI X Deflection Moment Shear Force

5250 104166.7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Moment, Axial Load

an the number of nodes

30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 0.00

30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 0.00

+01 2.00E+01 2.50E+01

Where: Pile nodes are numbered from 0 to N from top to bottom

K EI Ax SL_1 n Finite Difference Matrix

#VALUE! #VALUE! ### ### ### ###

Axial Load respectivly, at Node n

ile actions are then given by:

100.0 100.0 #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

A copy of the GNU General Public License may be obtained from:

Current Version 1.01 1-Jul-16

Rev Date By Description

1.00 25-Sep-09 DAJ First release

ength <> 1.0 See LatPilePY for latest version

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