Mapas de propiedades de los

materiales:
representando el universo de
los materiales

Mike Ashby
Department of Engineering
University of Cambridge

M. F. Ashby, 2011
For reproduction guidance see back page

This lecture unit is part of a set created by Mike Ashby to help introduce students to materials, processes and rational selection.

The Teaching Resources website aims to support teaching of materials-related courses in Design, Engineering and Science.
Resources come in various formats and are aimed primarily at undergraduate education.
Some of the resources are open access and students can access them. Others are only available to educators using CES EduPack. www.grantadesign.com/education/resources
 Relaciones y comparaciones entre propiedades

Las hojas de datos= nmeros, texto No permite la comparacin entre materiales.

La alternativa Mapas de propiedades

Diagrama de 103
Aceros WC
barras Cobre
102
Mdulo de Young, GPa

CFRP

10 Aluminio Almina
Cinc
Amplio Plomo Vidrio GFRP
1
rango de PEEK
valores Maderas
10-1 PP

PTFE
10-2

Metales Polmeros Cermicas Hbridos

10-3

Escala logartmica
M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources
 Diagrama de barras creado con CES EduPack

Materiales
con alto
mdulo
Metales

Polmeros

Materiales
con bajo
mdulo Elastmeros

Metales Polmeros Cermicas Hbridos

M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources

 Mapas de propiedades: Mdulo de Young-densidad

Diagrama
Mdulo-densidad Cermicas
de burbujas
Compuestos

Materiales
naturales Metales

Amplio
rango de Las familias
valores Espumas ocupan zonas
discretas del
Polmeros mapa

Amplio rango de
Elastmeros
valores

Escalas logartmicas densidad, (Mg/m3)

M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources
 Diagrama de burbujas creado con CES EduPack

Lnea de
seleccin:
Materiales
con alto
ndice E/
Caja de
seleccin:
Materiales con
alta densidad y
mdulo

M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources

 Creacin de grficos

Barra de Browse Search Select Tools

herramientas
1. Selection data Grfico de barras

Propiedad
Edu Nivel
Choose
Choose .2 Materiales
. Eleccin:

2. Selection Stages Eje X Eje Y

Custom
Graph
Define your ownLimit
subset Tree Lista de propiedades
Edu Nivel 1
Densidad
Materiales

Lmite
Grfico de elstico
burbujas
Procesos ..

Propiedad 2

Mdulo de Young
EduHerramientas
Nivel 2 de seleccin y grficos
Materiales

etc
Materiales con durabilidad
Materiales con Ecopropiedades
Procesos ..

Propiedad 1

M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources

 Grficos con funciones de propiedades

Browse Search Select Tools

Mdulo / Densidad
1. Selection data Grfico de
barras
Edu
Edu Nivel
Nivel 2:
2: Materiales
Materiales Mdulo / Densidad

Eje X Eje Y
2. Selection Stages
Advanced
Graph Limit Tree + - / * ^ ( )

Lista de propiedades

Mdulo / Densidad
Lista de propiedades
Grfico de burbujas

Densidad
Densidad

Lmite elstico
Lmite elstico

Mdulo de Young
Mdulo de Young

etc
etc

Lmite elstico / Densidad

M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources
 Barra de herramientas para grficos
Hacer Cancelar
Zoom Zoom
Aadir texto Aadir sobres

Cancelar Grfico en blanco y

seleccin negro

Caja de Interseccin del

seleccin resultado
Eliminar resultados
Lnea de que fallan
seleccin Aadir
lnea de
diseo

M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources

 Personalizacin de subgrupos de materiales

Browse Search Select Tools

1. Selection data Custom subset

Choose
Choose .
. Universo Materiales
Selection table:

Initial subset: Edu Nivel 2

Custom
Define your own subset Selection attributes: Edu Nivel 2

Edu Nivel 1
Materiales Universo Materiales
Procesos ..
+ Cermicas y vidrios
Edu Nivel 2
+ Hbridos: compuestos
Materiales
Materiales con durabilidad + Metales y aleaciones
Materiales con Ecopropiedades
Procesos ..
+ Polmeros etc

M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources

 Creando tus propios archivos

Barra de Browse Search Select Tools

herramientas

Name Mi material Add record

Eco audit
Propiedades generales Synthesizer

Propiedades mecnicas Mn. Mx.

Options

Mdulo de Young 230 280 GPa

Lmite elstico 1000 1200 MPa
Dureza Vickers

Tenacidad a fractura MPa.m1/2

Propiedades trmicas Mn. Mx.

Temp. Mx servicio C

Conductividad trmica 30 33 W/m.K

etc
M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources
 Guardar proyectos y reproducir informes

Pegar
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Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) - (CH2-CH-C6H4)n

General Properties Electrical Properties

Density 1.05 - 1.07 Mg/m^3 Conductor or insulator? Good insulator
Price 2.1 - 2.3 US $/kg
Optical Properties
Open project Cut Mechanical Properties
Transparent or opaque? Opaque

A Young's Modulus 1.1 - 2.9 GPa

Save project Copy Clip- Word

Elastic Limit
Tensile Strength
18
27
-
-
50
55
MPa
MPa
Eco Properties
Energy content 91 - 110 MJ/kg
CO2 per kg 3.2 - 3.6 kg/kg
Elongation 6 - 8 %
board Hardness - Vickers
Endurance Limit
6
11
-
-
15
22
HV
MPa Corrosion and Wear Resistance
Print . Paste. Fracture Toughness 1.2 - 4.2 MPa.m 1/2 Flammability
Fresh W ater
Average
Good
Pegado especialMapa de bits independientes
Thermal Properties
Organic Solvents Average

A Adobe Max Service Temp 350 - 370 K

Sea Water
UV
Good
Good
Thermal Expansion 70 - 75 10 -6/K
Photoshop Specific Heat 1500 - 1510 J/kg.K
Wear
etc
Poor

Thermal Conductivity 0.17 - 0.24 W /m.K

What is it? ABS (Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ) is tough, resilient, and easily

molded. It is usually opaque, although some grades can now be transparent, and it
can be given vivid colors. ABS-PVC alloys are tougher than standard ABS and, in
self-extinguishing grades, are used for the casings of power tools.
Design guidelines. ABS has the highest impact resistance of all polymers. It
takes color well. Integral metallics are possible (as in GE Plastics' M agix.) ABS is UV
resistant for outdoor application if stabilizers are added. It is hygroscopic (m ay need
to be oven dried before thermoforming) and can be dam aged by petroleum-based
machining oils.
ABS can be extruded, compression moulded or formed to sheet that is then vacuum
thermo-formed. It can be joined by ultrasonic or hot-plate welding, or bonded with
polyester, epoxy, isocyanate or nitrile-phenolic adhesives.

Technical notes. ABS is a terpolymer - one made by copolym erising 3 monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene and syrene. The
acrylonitrile gives therm al and chemical resistance, rubber-like butadiene gives ductility and strength, the styrene gives a
glossy surface, ease of machining and a lower cost. In ASA, the butadiene component (which gives poor UV resistance) is
replaced by an acrylic ester. Without the addition of butyl, ABS becomes, SAN - a similar material with lower impact
resistance or toughness. It is the stiffest of the thermoplastics and has excellent resistance to acids, alkalis, salts and many
solvents.
Typical Uses. Safety helmets; cam per tops; automotive instrument panels and other interior com ponents; pipe fittings;
home-security devices and housings for small appliances; communications equipment; business machines; plumbing
Metals
hardware; autom obile grilles; wheel covers;Polymers Ceramics
m irror housings; refrigerator liners; Hybrids
luggage shells; tote trays; mower shrouds; boat
hulls; large com ponents for recreational vehicles; weather seals; glass beading; refrigerator breaker strips; conduit; pipe for
drain-waste-vent (DWV) systems.
The environment. The acrylonitrile monomer is nasty stuff, almost as poisonous as cyanide. Once polymerized with
styrene it becomes harmless. ABS is FDA compliant, can be recycled, and can be incinerated to recover the energy it
contains.

M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources

 Resumen

Los mapas de propiedades dan una representacin visual de la informacin

Los libros contienen muchos grficos que se pueden copiar con fines
docentes
CES EduPack permite representar cualquier propiedad o funcin de
propiedades
Se puede personalizar cualquier base de datos, o aadir archivos propios

Se pueden obtener informes de los resultados obtenidos en CES EduPack

Datos Informacin
(entendiendo los datos)

M. F. Ashby, 2011 www.grantadesign.com/education/resources