GATE 2 0 1 6

EC : ELECTRONICS
& COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Set - 2
N o. of Qu est i on s : 65 M a xi m u m M a r k s : 100

I N ST RU CT I ON S
1. Tot al of 65 quest ions car r ying 100 mar ks, out of which 10 quest ions car r ying a t ot al of 15 mar ks ar e in
Gener al Apt it ude (GA)
2. The Engineer ing M at hemat ics will car r y ar ound 15% of t h e t ot al m ar k s, t he Gener al Apt it ude sect ion
will car r y 15% of t h e t ot al m ar k s and t he r em ai n i n g 70% of t h e t ot al m ar k s.
3. Ty p es of Qu est i on s
(a ) M u l t i p l e Ch oi ce Qu est i on s (M CQ) car r ying 1 or 2 mar ks each in all paper s and sect ions. These
questions ar e object ive in nat ur e, and each will have a choice of four options, out of which the candidate
has t o mar k t he cor r ect answer (s).
(b) N u m er i cal An sw er Qu est i on s of 1 or 2 mar ks each in all paper s and sect ions. For t hese quest ions
t he answer is a r eal number, t o be ent er ed by t he candidat e using t he vir t ual keypad. No choices will
be shown for t hese t ype of quest ions.
4. For 1-m ar k mult iple-choice quest ions, 1/3 m ar k s will be deduct ed for a wr ong answer. L ikewise, for
2-m ar k s mult iple-choice quest ions, 2/3 mar ks will be deduct ed for a wr ong answer. Ther e is no negat ive
mar king for numer ical answer t ype quest ions.

4. Given (9 inches)1/2 = (0.25 yar ds)1/2, which one of

GEN ERAL APT I T U D E (GA) t he following st at ement s is TRUE?
(Q.1 5) : Car r y On e M ar k Each (a) 3 inches = 0.5 yar ds
1. B ased on t h e gi ven st at em en t s, sel ect t h e (b) 9 inches = 1.5 yar ds
appr opr iat e opt ion wit h r espect t o gr ammar and
(c) 9 inches = 0.25 yar ds
usage.
(d) 81 inches = 0.0625 yar ds
St at em en t s :
5. S, M , E and F ar e wor king in shift s in a t eam t o
I . The height of M r. X is 6 feet .
finish a pr oject . M wor ks with t wice the efficiency
I I . The height of M r. Y is 5 feet . of ot her s but for half as many days as E wor ked.
(a) M r. X is longer t han M r. Y. S and M have 6 hour shift s in a day wher eas E
(b) M r. X is mor e elongat ed t han M r. Y and F have 12 hour s shift s. What is t he r at io of
(c) M r. X is t aller t han M r. Y cont r i but i on of M t o cont r i but i on of E i n t he
(d) M r. X is lengt hier t han M r. Y pr oject ?
2. The st udent s _____ t he t eacher on t eacher s day (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
for t went y year s of dedicat ed t eaching. (c) 1 : 4 (d) 2 : 1
(a) facilit at ed (Q.6 10) : Car r y Tw o M ar k s Each
(b) felicit at ed 6. The Venn diagr am shows t he pr efer ence of t he
(c) fant asized st udent populat ion for leisur e act ivit ies.
(d) facillit at ed Read Wat ch TV
book s
3. Aft er I ndias cr icket wor ld cup vict or y in 1985, 12
13 19
Shr otr ia who was playing bot h t ennis and cr icket 7
t ill t hen, decided t o concent r at e only on cr icket . 44 17
And t he r est is hist or y. 15
What does t he under lined phr ase mean in t his
Pl ay sport s
cont ext ?
(a) hist or y will r est in peace Fr om the data given, the number of student s who
(b) r est is r ecor ded in hist or y books like t o r ead books or play spor t s is ____.
(c) r est is well known (a) 44 (b) 51
(d) r est is ar chaic (c) 79 (d) 108
2 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

7. Social science disciplines wer e in exist ence in an
amor phous for m unt il t he colonial per iod when
t hey wer e inst it ut ionalized. I n var ying degr ees,
t h ey wer e i n t en ded t o f u r t h er t h e col on i al
i nt er est . I n t he t i me of gl obal i zat i on and t he
economic r ise of post colonial count r ies like I ndia,
conventional ways of knowledge pr oduct ion have
become obsolet e.
Which of t he following can be logically infer r ed
fr om t he above st at ement s?
I . Soci al sci en ce di sci pl i n es h av e becom e
obsolet e.
I I . Social science disciplines had a pr e-colonial
or igin.
I I I .Soci al sci ence di sci pl i nes al ways pr omot e
colonialism.
I V. Soci al sci ence must mai nt ai n di sci pl i nar y
boundar ies.
(a) I I only (b) I and I I I only
(c) I I and I V only (d) I I I and I V only
8. Two and a quar t er hour s back, when seen in a
mi r r or, t he r efl ect i on of a wal l cl ock wi t hout
number mar kings seemed t o show 1 : 30. What is
t he act ual cur r ent t ime shown by t he clock?
(a) 8:15 (b) 11:15
(c) 12:15 (d) 12:45
9. M and N st ar t fr om t he same locat ion. M t r avels
10 km East and then 10 km Nor t h-East. N tr avels
5 km Sout h and t hen 4 km Sout h-East . What is
t he shor t est dist ance (in km) bet ween M and N
at t he end of t heir t r avel?
(a) 18.60 (b) 22.50
2. Consider t he complex valued funct ion
f(z) = 2z3 + b| z| 3 wher e z is a complex var iable.
The val ue of b for whi ch t he funct i on f(z) i s
analyt ic is _____
3. As x var i es fr om 1 t o +3, whi ch one of t he
following descr ibes t he behaviour of t he funct ion
f(x) = x3 3x2 + 1?
(a) f(x) incr eases monot onically.
(b) f(x) incr eases, t hen decr eases and incr eases
again.
(c) f(x) decr eases, t hen incr eases and decr eases
again.
(d) f(x) incr eases and t hen decr eases
Then t he gi ven funct i on f(x) i ncr eases, t hen
decr eases and incr ease again.
4. How many distinct values of x satisfy the equation
sin(x) = x/2, wher e x is in r adians?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4 or mor e
5. Consider t he t ime-var ying vect or
I = x 15 cos(t ) y 5sin(t ) i n Car t esi an
coor dinat es, wher e > 0 is a const ant .
When the vector magnitude | I | is at its minimum
value, t he angle t hat I makes wit h t he x axis
(in degr ees, such t hat 0 180) is _____.
6. I n t he cir cuit shown below, V s is const ant volt age
sour ce and I L is a const ant cur r ent load.
R
+
Vs IL

(c) 20.61 (d) 25.00

10. A wir e of lengt h 340 mm is t o be cut int o t wo T h e val u e of I L t h at m axi m i zes t h e power
par ts. One of the par t s is to be made into a squar e absor bed by t he const ant cur r ent load is
and t he ot her int o a r ect angle wher e sides ar e in
t he r at io of 1:2. What is t he lengt h of t he side of Vs Vs
(a) (b)
t he squar e (in mm) such t hat t he combined ar ea 4R 2R
of t he squar e and t he r ect angle is a M I NI M UM ? Vs
(c) (d)
(a) 30 (b) 40 R
(c) 120 (d) 180 7. The swit ch has been in posit ion 1 for a long t ime
and abr upt ly changes t o posit ion 2 at t = 0.
T ECH N I CAL SECT I ON 3 1 2 4 2

(Q.1 25) : Car r y On e M ar k Each t=0

1. The value of x for which t he mat r ix 10V +
2 + 2 5A
0.1F VC

3 2 4

A= 9 7

13 has zer o as an eigen value I f t ime t is in seconds, t he capacit or volt age V C
(in volt s) for t > 0 is given by
6 4 9 x
(a) 4 (1 exp ( t/0.5) (b) 10 6 exp ( t/0.5)
is _____. (c) 4 (1 exp ( t/0.6) (d) 10 6 exp ( t/0.6)
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2) 3

8. The figur e shows an RLC cir cuit wit h a sinusoidal 13. A ssu m e t h at t h e di ode i n t h e f i gu r es h as
cur r ent sour ce. V on = 0.7 V, but is ot her wise ideal.

IR IL IC

R1
I msi n t R L C
10 F 2 k i2
10 10 mH

+
2V 6 k R2

IL
At r esonance, t he r at io , i.e., t he r at io of t he
IR The magnit ude of t he cur r ent i 2 (in mA) is equal
magnit udes of t he induct or cur r ent phasor and t o_____
t he r esist or cur r ent phasor, is_____ 14. Resist or R1 in the cir cuit below has been adjusted
9. The Z-par ameter matr ix for the two-por t networ k so t hat I 1 = 1 mA. The bipolar t r ansist or s Q1 and
shown is Q2 ar e per fect l y mat ched and have ver y hi gh
cur r ent gain, so their base cur r ents ar e negligible.
2 j j The supply voltage V CC is 6 V. The ther mal voltage
, kT/q is 26 mV.
j 3 2 j
Wher e t he ent r ies ar e in .
V CC
Suppose Zb(j) = Rb + j
R1 I2
Za Zb
1 2

Zc Q1 Q2

1 2

I1 R2
Then t he value of Rb (in ) equals _____

sin(4 t )
10. The energy of the signal x(t) = is ________.
4 t
11. The Eber s-M oll model of a BJT is valid
(a) only in a act ive mode
(b) only in act ive and sat ur at ion modes
15. Which one of t he following st at ement s is cor r ect
(c) only in act ive and cut -off modes
(d) in act ive, sat ur at ion and cut -off modes
12. A long-channel NM OS t r ansist or is biased in t he
linear r egion wit h V DS = 50 mV and is used as a
r esistance. Which one of t he following st atements
is NOT cor r ect ?
(a) I f t h e devi ce w i dt h W i s i n cr eased, t h e
r esist ance decr eases.
(b) I f t h e t h r esh ol d vol t age i s r edu ced, t h e
r esist ance decr eases.
(c) I f t h e devi ce l en gt h L i s i n cr eased, t h e
r esist ance incr ease.
(d) I f V GS is incr eased, t he r esist ance incr eases.
The val ue of R2 (i n ) for whi ch I 2 = 100 A
is __________.
about an ac-coupled commonemi t t er ampl ifier
oper at ing in t he mid-band r egion?
(a) The device par asit ic capacit ances behave like
open cir cuit s, wher eas coupling and bypass
capacit ances behave like shor t cir cuit s.
(b) The devi ce par asi t ic capacit ances, coupl ing
capacit ances and bypass capacitances behave
like open cir cuit s.
(c) The devi ce par asi t ic capacit ances, coupl ing
capacit ances and bypass capacitances behave
like shor t cir cuit s.
(d) The device par asit ic capacit ances behave like
shor t cir cuit s, wher eas coupling and bypass
capacit ances behave like open cir cuit s.
4 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

16. Tr ansist or geomet r ies in a CM OS inver t er have 18. A 4 :1 mult iplexer is t o be used for gener at ing
been adjust ed t o meet t he r equir ement for wor st t he out put car r y of a full adder. A and B ar e t he
case char ge and dischar ge times for dr iving a load bit s t o be added while Ci n is t he input car r y and
capacit or C. This design is t o be conver t ed t o that Cout is t he out put car r y. A and B ar e t o be used as
of a NOR cir cuit in t he same t echnology, so t hat t he select bit s wit h A being t he mor e significant
it s wor st case char ge and dischar ge t imes while select bit .
dr i vi ng t he same capaci t or ar e si mi l ar. The
channel lengt hs of all t r ansist or s ar e t o be kept I0
u n ch an ged. W h i ch on e of t h e f ol l ow i n g
I1
st at ement s is cor r ect ? 4:1
Cout
Mux
I2
V DD
I3 S1 S0
V DD
A B
In 2
In 1
Which one of t he following st at ement s cor r ect ly
descr ibes t he choice of signals t o be connect ed t o
In Out Out t he input s I 0, I 1, I 2 and I 3 so t hat t he out put is
Cout ?
C
(a) I 0 = 0, I 1 = Ci n, I 2 = Cin and I 3 = 1
C
(b) I 0 = 1, I 1 = Ci n, I 2 = Cin and I 3 = 1
(c) I 0 = Ci n, I 1 = 0, I 2 = 1 and I 3 = Ci n
(d) I 0 = 0, I 1 = Ci n, I 2 = 1 and I 3 = Ci n
(a) Wi dt h s of PM OS t r an si st or s sh ou l d be s 2
doubled, while widt hs of NM OS t r ansist or s 19. The r esponse of t he syst em G(s) =
(s 1)(s 3)
should be halved.
(b) Wi dt h s of PM OS t r an si st or s sh ou l d be dy
t o t he unit st ep input u(t) is y(t). The value of
doubled, while widt hs of NM OS t r ansist or s dt
at t = 0+ is ______.
should not be changed.
20. The n umber an d di r ect i on of enci r cl em ent s
(c) Widths of PMOS tr ansistor s should be halved,
ar ound t he point 1 + j0 in t he complex plane by
while widt hs of NM OS t r ansist or s should not
be changed. 1 s
t he Nyquist plot of G(s) = is
(d) Wi dt h s of PM OS t r an si st or s sh ou l d be 4 2s
unchanged, while widths of NMOS tr ansistor s (a) zer o
should be halved. (b) one, ant i-clockwise
17. Assume t hat all t he digit al gat es in t he cir cuit (c) one, clockwise
sh own i n t h e f i gu r e ar e i deal , t h e r esi st or (d) t wo, clockwise
R = 10 k and t he supply volt age is 5 V. The D
21. A discr et e memor yless sour ce has an alphabet
flip-flops D 1, D 2, D 3, D 4 and D 5 ar e init ialized wit h
{a1, a2, a3, a4} wit h cor r esponding pr obabil it ies
logic values 0, 1, 0, 1 and 0, r espectively. The clock
has a 30% dut y cycle. 1 1 1 1
, , , . The mi ni mum r equi r ed aver age
2 4 8 8
codewor d lengt h in bit s t o r epr esent t his sour ce
D Q D Q D Q D Q D Q for er r or -fr ee r econst r uct ion is________.
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 22. A speech signal is sampled at 8 kH z and encoded
int o PCM for mat using 8 bit s/sample. The PCM
R = 10 k dat a is t r ansmit t ed t hr ough a baseband channel
Cl ock
via 4-level PAM . The minimum bandwidt h (in
The aver age power dissipat ed (i n mW) i n t he kH z) r equir ed for t r ansmission is _____.
r esist or R is _____.
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2) 5

23. A unifor m and const ant magnet ic field B z B 28. Two r andom var iables X and Y ar e dist r ibut ed
exist s in t he z dir ect ion in vacuum. A par t icle of accor ding t o
mass m wit h a small char ge q is int r oduced int o
( x y) 0 x 1, 0 y 1
z zv
t his r egion wit h an init ial velocit y v xv z. f X,Y(x, y) =
0 ot her wise
Given that B, m, q, vx and vz ar e all nonzer o, which
one of t he fol l owi n g descr i bes t he event ual The pr obabilit y P(X + Y 1) is ________
t r aject or y of t he par t icle? a 0 3 7
(a) H elical mot ion in t he z dir ect ion.
2 5 1 3

29. The matr ix A = has det(A)=100 and
(b) Cir cular mot ion in t he xy plane. 0 0 2 4
(c) L inear mot ion in t he z dir ect ion.
0 0 0 b
(d) L inear mot ion in t he x dir ect ion. t r ace (A)=14. The value of | a b| is ________.
24. L et t h e el ect r i c f i el d v ect or of a pl an e 30. I n t he given cir cuit , each r esist or has a val ue
el ect r om agn et i c w av e pr opagat i n g i n a equal t o 1 .
h om ogen ou s m edi u m be ex pr essed as
a
E x E x e j (t z) , wher e the pr opagation constant
is a function of the angular fr equency . Assume
t hat () and E x ar e known and ar e r eal. Fr om
t he i nfor mat i on avai l abl e, whi ch one of t he
following CANNOT be det er mined?
(a) The t ype of polar izat ion of t he wave.
(b) The gr oup velocit y of t he wave.
(c) The phase velocit y of t he wave.
b
(d) The power flux t hr ough t he z = 0 plane.
25. L ight fr om fr ee space is incident at an angle i t o What i s t he equi val ent r esi st ance acr oss t he
t he nor mal of t he facet of a st ep-index lar ge cor e t er minals a and b?
opt i cal fi br e. The cor e and cl addi ng r efr act i ve (a) 1/6 (b) 1/3
indices ar e n 1 = 1.5 and n 2 = 1.4, r espect ively. (c) 9/20 (d) 8/15
31. I n t he cir cuit shown in t he figur e, t he magnit ude
Fr ee n 2 (claddi ng) of t he cur r ent (in amper es) t hr ough R2 is ___
space
n 1 (cor e)
i
R1 R2
L i ght
5 3
The maximum value of i (in degr ees) for which R3
+
t he incident light will be guided in t he cor e of t he +
5 Vx
60 V
fibr e is ________. 0.04V x

(Q.26 55) : Car r y Tw o M ar k s Each

26. The or dinar y differ ent ial equat ion
32. A cont inuous-t ime filt er wit h t r ansfer funct ion
dy
3 y 2, wit h y(0) = 1 2s 6
dx H(s) = is converted to a discrete time filter
s2 6s 8
is t o be solved using t he for war d Euler met hod.
The lar gest t ime st ep t hat can be used t o solve 2 z2 0.5032 z
t he equat i on wi t hout mak i ng t he numer i cal wi t h t r ansfer funct i on G(s) =
z2 0.5032 z k
solut ion unst able is ________.
so t hat t he impulse r esponse of t he cont inuous-
27. Suppose C is the closed cur ve defined as the cir cle
t ime filt er, sampled at 2 H z, is ident ical at t he
x2 + y2 = 1 wit h C or ient ed ant i clockwise. The sampling inst ant s t o t he impulse r esponse of t he
2 2 discr et e t ime filt er. The value of k is _____.
val ue of ( xy dx x y dy) over t he cur ve C

equals ________.
6 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

33. The Di scr et e Four i er Tr ansfor m (DFT) of t he
4-point sequence
x[n] = {x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3]} = {3, 2, 3, 4} is
X[k] = {X[0], X[1], X[2], X[3]} = {12, 2j, 0, 2j}.
I f X 1[k] i s t he DFT of t he 12-poi nt sequence
x1[n] = {3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0}, t he value of
X 1 [8]
X 1 [11] is ________.
37. Consider a r egion of silicon devoid of elect r ons
and hol es, wi t h an i oni zed donor densi t y of
N d 1017 cm 3 . The electr ic field at x = 0 is 0 V/cm
and t he elect r ic field at x = L is 50 kV/cm in t he
posit ive x dir ection. Assume that t he electr ic field
is zer o in t he y and z dir ect ions at all point s.

34. The swit ch S in t he cir cuit shown has been closed + 17

N d = 10 cm
3

for a long t ime. I t is opened at t ime t = 0 and

r emains open aft er t hat . Assume t hat t he diode
has zer o r ever se cur r ent and zer o for war d voltage
x=0 x=L
dr op.
Given q =1.6 10 19 coulomb,
t=0
1 0 = 8.85 10 14 F/cm, r = 11.7 for silicon, t he
S value of L in nm is _____
38. Consider a long-channel NM OS t r ansist or wit h

+
10 V 1 mH 10 F VC sour ce and body connected t ogether. Assume that
+ t he elect r on mobilit y is independent of V GS and
V DS. Given,
gm = 0.5 A/V for V DS = 50 mV and V GS = 2 V,
gd = 8 A/V for V GS = 2 V and V DS = 0 V,
The st eady st at e magni t ude of t he capaci t or
volt age VC (in volt s) is ______. I D I D
35. A volt age V G is applied acr oss a M OS capacit or wher e gm = V and gd = V
GS DS
wit h met al gat e and p-t ype silicon subst r at e at
T = 300 K . The i nver si on car r i er densi t y (i n The t hr eshold volt age (in volt s) of t he t r ansist or
number of car r ier s per unit ar ea) for V G = 0.8 V is is ________.
2 1011 cm 2. For V G = 1.3 V, t he inver sion car r ier 39. The fi gur e shows a hal f-wave r ect i fi er wit h a
densit y is 4 1011 cm 2. What is t he value of t he 475 F filt er capacitor. The load dr aws a const ant
inver sion car r ier densit y for V G = 1.8 V? cur r ent I 0 =1 A fr om t he r ect ifier. The figur e also
(a) 4.5 1011 cm 2 shows t he input volt age V i , t he out put volt age V C
(b) 6.0 1011 cm 2 and t he peak-t o-peak volt age r ipple u on V C. The
i nput vol t age V i i s a t r i angl e-wave wi t h an
(c) 7.2 1011 cm 2
amplit ude of 10 V and a per iod of 1 ms.
(d) 8.4 1011 cm 2
36. Consider avalanche br eakdown in a silicon p+n
junct ion. The n-r egion is unifor mly doped wit h a +
donor densit y N D. Assume that br eakdown occur s V i + 475 F VC I 0 = 1A

when t he magnit ude of t he elect r ic field at any
point in t he device becomes equal t o t he cr it ical
field E cr it . Assume E cr it t o be independent of N D.
+10 V V i
I f t he built -in volt age of t he p+n junct ion is much
smal l er t han t he br eak down vol t age, V BR, t he 0 t
r elat ionship bet ween V BR and N D is given by

(a) VBR N D = const ant 10 V

VC
u
(b) N D VBR = const ant
0 t
(c) N D V BR = const ant
(d) N D /V BR = const ant The value of t he r ipple u (in volt s) is ______
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2) 7

40. I n t he opamp cir cuit shown, t he Zener di odes con v er t ed t o di gi t al f or m at ) h as a sou r ce

Z1 and Z2 clamp t he out put volt age V 0 t o + 5 V or r esistance of 75 as shown in the cir cuit diagr am
5 V. The switch S is initially closed and is opened bel ow an d t h e i n pu t capaci t an ce of each
at t ime t = 0. compar at or is 8 pF.
+10 V
The input must set t le t o an accur acy of 1/2 L SB
even for a ful l scal e i nput change for pr oper
S
100 F conver sion. Assume t hat t he t ime t aken by t he
t=0 +10 V
470
t her momet er t o binar y encoder is negligible.

V0
+
10 V Z1 V r ef255
10 k +
4 k
1 k Z2
10 V
0V 0V Ther mometer
code to Digi t al
The t ime t = t 1 (in seconds) at which V 0 changes bi nar y Out put
V r ef2
st at e is ________ + conver si on

41. An opamp has a finit e open loop volt age gain of

100. I t s input offset volt age V ios (= + 5 mV) is Vin
model ed as shown i n t he ci r cui t bel ow. The +
+
V ref1
amplifier is ideal in all ot her r espect s. V input is
25 mV.
I f t he flash ADC has 8 bit r esolut ion, which one
1 k 15 k
of t he fol l owi ng al t er nat i ves i s cl osest t o t he
maximum sampling r at e ?
(a) 1 mega samples per second
A 0 = 100 (b) 6 mega samples per second
+ (c) 64 mega samples per second
V i os = 5 mV

+
(d) 256 mega samples per second
V i nput
44. The st at e t r ansit ion diagr am for a fi nit e st at e
machine with states A, B and C, and binar y inputs
X, Y and Z, is shown in t he figur e.
The out put volt age (in millivolt s) is ________
Which one of t he following st at ement s is cor r ect ?
42. An 8 K byt e ROM wit h an act ive low Chip Select
i n pu t (CS) i s t o be u sed i n an 8085 Y=1
micr opr ocessor based syst em. The ROM should X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0
A B Y=1
occupy t he addr ess r ange 1000 H t o 2 FFFH . The Y = 0, Z = 0

addr ess lines ar e designat ed as A 15 t o A 0, wher e X = 1, Y = 1,

Z = 1, Z = 1
A 15 is t he most significant addr ess bit . X = 0, Z = 1
Which one of t he following logic expr essions will
gener at e t he cor r ect CS signal for t his ROM ? X = 1, Y = 0 Y = 0, Z = 1
C
(a) A 15 A 14 (A 13 . A 12 A 13 . A 12 )
Z=0
(b) A 15 . A 14 . (A 13 A 12 )
(a) Tr ansi t i ons fr om St at e A ar e ambi guousl y
(c) A 15 . A 14 . (A 13 A 14 A 13 . A 12 ) defined.
(b) Tr ansi t i ons fr om St at e B ar e ambiguousl y
(d) A 15 A 14 A 13 . A 12 defined.
43. I n an N bit flash ADC, t he analog volt age is fed (c) Tr ansi t i ons fr om St at e C ar e ambiguousl y
simult aneously t o 2N 1 compar at or s. The output defined.
of t he compar at or s is t hen encoded t o a binar y (d) A l l of t h e st at e t r an si t i on s ar e def i n ed
for mat using digi t al ci r cuit s. Assume t hat t he unambiguously.
analog volt age sour ce V in (whose out put is being
8 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

45. I n t h e f eedback sy st em sh ow n bel ow

1
1 I f t her e is a null at f = in t he power spect r al
G(s) = 2 . 3T
(s 2s)
densit y of X(t), t hen k is ________
The st ep r esponse of t he cl osed-l oop syst em
49. An ideal band-pass channel 500 H z- 2000 H z is
should have minimum set t ling t ime and have no
depl oy ed f or com m u n i cat i on . A m odem i s
over shoot .
designed to tr ansmit bits at the r ate of 4800 bit s/s
+
r K G(s) y using 16-QAM . The r oll-off fact or of a pulse wit h

a r aised cosine spect r um t hat ut ilizes t he ent ir e
fr equency band is ________
50. Consider a r andom pr ocess X(t) = 3V(t) 8, wher e
The r equi r ed val ue of gai n k t o achi eve t hi s V(t ) is a zer o mean st at ionar y r andom pr ocess
is ________. wit h aut ocor r elat ion Rv() = 4e 5| | . t he power in
46. I n t h e f eedback sy st em sh ow n bel ow X(t)is ________
1 51. A binar y communicat ion syst em makes use of t he
G(s) = symbol s zer o and one . Ther e ar e channel
(s 1)(s 2)(s 3)
er r or s. Consider t he following event s:
+
r K G(s) y x0 : a zer o is t r ansmit t ed
x1 : a one is t r ansmit t ed
y0 : a zer o is r eceived
The posit ive value of k for which t he gain mar gin y1 : a one is r eceived
of t he loop is exact ly 0 dB and t he phase mar gin The following pr obabilit ies ar e given:
of t he loop is exact ly zer o degr ee is ________
1 3
47. The asympt ot ic Bode phase plot of P(x0) = , P(y0| x0) = ,
2 4
k
G(s) = (s 0.1)(s 10)(s p ) , wit h k and p1 bot h 1
1 and P(y0| x0) = .
2
posit ive, is shown below.
The infor mation in bits t hat you obtain when you
lear n which symbol has been r eceived (while you
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0 k n ow t h at a zer o h as been t r an sm i t t ed)
r ad/s
45 is ________.
52. The par allel-plat e capacit or shown in t he figur e
135 has movable plat es. The capacit or is char ged so
t hat t he ener gy st or ed in it is E when t he plat e
separ at i on i s d. The capaci t or is t hen i solat ed
225
elect r ically and t he plat es ar e moved such t hat
270
t he plat e separ at ion becomes 2d.
The value of p1 is ________
48. A n i n f or m at i on sou r ce gen er at es a bi n ar y d
sequence {n}. n can t ake one of t he t wo possible
values 1 and +1 wit h equal pr obabilit y and ar e
st at i st i cal l y i n depen den t an d i den t i cal l y
dist r ibut ed. This sequence is pr ecoded t o obt ain
anot her sequence { n}, as n = n + kn 3. The
sequence { n} is used t o modulat e a pulse g(t) t o
gener at e t he baseband signal
At t his new plat e separ at ion, what is t he ener gy

st or ed i n t h e capaci t or, negl ect i n g fr i n gi ng
X(t) = n g( t n T),
n
effect s?
(a) 2E (b) 2E
1, 0 t T
wher e g(t) = (c) E (d) E/2
0, ot her wise
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2) 9

53. A lossless micr ost r ip t r ansmission line consist s

of a tr ace of width w. I t is dr awn over a pr actically

| (r eflect ion coefficient |

1
i nfi ni t e gr ound pl ane and i s separ at ed by a
0.8
di el ect r i c sl ab of t h i ck n ess t an d r el at i v e
0.6
per mitt ivity r > 1. The inductance per unit length
0.4
and t he char act er ist ic impedance of t his line ar e
0.2
L and Z0, r espect ively.
= 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 f(i n GH z)
W
The lengt h L (in met er s) of T 2 is ________
55. A posit ive char ge q is placed at x = 0 bet ween t wo
= 0r ; r > 1
t i nfi ni t e met al pl at es pl aced at x = d and at
x = +d r espect ively. The met al plat es lie in t he yz
plane.
Which one of t he following inequalit ies is always
sat isfied?
Lt Lt +q
(a) Z0 (b) Z0

at x = + d
at x = d
0 r w 0 r w
x =0
Lw Lw
(c) Z0 0 r t (d) Z0 0 r t
54. A m i cr ow av e ci r cu i t con si st i n g of l ossl ess
t r ansmi ssi on l i nes T 1 and T 2 i s shown i n t he The char ge is at r est at t = 0, when a volt age +V
figur e. The plot shows the magnit ude of t he input is applied t o t he plat e at d and volt age V is
reflection coefficient as a function of frequency f. applied t o t he plat e at x = +d. Assume t hat t he
T h e ph ase v el oci t y of t h e si gn al i n t h e quant it y of t he char ge q is small enough t hat it
t r ansmission does not per t ur b t he field set up by t he met al
plat es. The t ime t hat t he char ge q t akes t o r each
I nput
T 1 L engt h = 1 m T 2 L engt h = L t he r ight plat e is pr opor t ional t o
Z0 = 50 Z 0 = 50
Open (a) d/V (b) d /V
50

(c) d / V (d) d /V

AN SWERS
GEN ERAL APT I T U D E

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b)

T ECH N I CAL SECT I ON

1. (1) 2. (0) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (90) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (0.316)

9. (3) 10. (0.25) 11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (0.25) 14. (598.67) 15. (a) 16. (b)

17. (1.5) 18. (a) 19. (1) 20. (a) 21. (1.75) 22. (16) 23. (a) 24. (d)

25. (32.58) 26. (0.66) 27. (0) 28. (0.33) 29. (3) 30. (d) 31. (5) 32. (0.049)

33. (6) 34. (100) 35. (b) 36. (c) 37. (32.36) 38. (1.2) 39. (2.105) 40. (0.7985)

41. (413.8) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (1) 46. (60) 47. (1) 48. ( 1)

49. (0.25) 50. (100) 51. (0.405) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (0.1) 55. (c)
10 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

EXPL AN AT I ON S
GEN ERAL APT I T U D E 9. M

1. H ei ght km 5 2 km
(St ar t ing point ) 10
H ei ght

O 10 km
6 Feet 5 2 km

5 km
5 Feet 5 km
2 2 km

X Y 4k 2 2 km
(St atement I ) (St atement I I ) m
N O
H ence fr om t he given figur e M r. X is t aller t han Fr om t he given figur e
M r. Y by 1 foot .
4. (9 inches)1/2 = (0.25 yar ds)1/2, MN = (OM)2 (ON)2
Solving we get 9 inch = 0.25 yar ds OM = 5 2 5 2 2 5 7 2
(since 1 inch = 0.028 yar d)
5. M is t wice as efficient as E but wor ked for half as ON = 10 5 2 2 2 10 3 2
many days. So in this case they will do equal wor k
if t heir shift s had same t imings. But M s shift is MN = (5 7 2)2 (10 3 2)2
for 6 hour s, while Es shift for 12 hour s. H ence, E
will do t wice t he wor k as M . = 25 98 70 2 100 18 60 2)
Rat io of cont r ibut ion of M : E in wor k is 1 : 2.
20.61 km
6. Given Venn diagr am is

Read Wat ch TV T ECH N I CAL SECT I ON

book s
13 12 1. Fr om t he given quest ion,
7
44
A has an eigen value is zer o
17
| A| = 0
15
3 2 4
Pl ay sport s
9 7 13
= 0
The number of st udent s who like t o r ead books 6 4 9 x
or play spor t s
= 13 + 12 + 44 + 7 + 15 + 17 3( 63 + 7x + 52) 2( 81 + 9x + 78) + 4( 36 + 42) = 0
= 108 3(7x 11) 2(9x 3) + 4(6) = 0
7. Social science disciplines had a pr e-colonial or igin. 21x 33 18x + 6 + 24 = 0
3x 3 = 0
12 x= 1
8. 11 1
2. Fr om the quest ion, the complex var iable funct ion
10 2
is:
f(z) = 2z3 + b1| z| 3
Given f(z) is analyt ic.
which is possible only when b = 0
since | z3| is differ ent iable at t he or igin but not
analyt ic.
2z3 is analyt ic ever ywher e
M ir r or image of 1 : 20 is 10 : 30
f(z) = 2z3 + b | z3| is analyt ic
10 : 30 was t he t ime t wo and quar t er hour back
so t ime now will be 12 : 45 only when b = 0
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2) 11

3. Given f(x) = x3 3x2 + 1

Vs
f (x) = 3x2 6x IL R = (fr om t he given figur e)
2
f (x) = 0
Vs
IL =
2R
1
7. At t = 0 , Swit ch is at posit ion-1
3
1 0 1 2 3 +
1
2 + V C(0 )

10V 2
3

3x 6x = 0
2

3x(x 2) = 0 10 2
wher e, V c(0 ) = =4V ...(1)
x = 0, 2 23
f (x) = 6x 6 V c (0 ) = V c (0+) = 4 V
At x=0 f (0) = 6 maxima At t =
x=2 f (2) = 6 minima 4 2

Then t he gi ven funct i on f(x) i ncr eases, t hen

decr eases and incr ease again. +
V C() 2 5A
4. H er e t he given equat ion is
x
sin(x) = (wher e x is in r adians)
2
y V c () = 5 2 = 10 V ...(2)
The t ime const ant of t he cir cuit is
y = x/2 4 2
y = si n x

x
2

H ence t her e ar e 3 dist inct values. = Req Ceq

5. H er e t he given t ime-var ying vect or = (4 + 2) 0.1
I = x 15 cos t y 5sin t = 6 0.1 = 0.6 sec
Ther efor e V c(t) = V c() + [V c(0+) V c()]e t/
| I| = (15cos t )2 (5sin t )2 = 10 + (4 10)e t/0.6
V c(t) = (10 6e t /0.6) V
= 225 cos2 t 25sin 2 t
8. At r esonance (for par allel RL C cir cuit )
IR = I
= 225cos2 t 25(1 cos2 t )
I L = QI 90
= 25 200 cos2 t I C = QI 90
For par allel RL C cir cuit
| I | is minimum when cos2t = 0
cos2 t = cos 90 IL IQ C
Q R
or = t = 90 IR = I L
So, t he value of is 90
6. I n maximum power t r ansfor mat ion, half of t he 10 1016
volt age dr op acr oss sour ce r esist ance, r emaining = 10 3
10 10 3
10 10
half acr oss t he load.
Volt age acr oss sour ce (R) = 0.316
12 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

9. For T - net wor k 1

12. H er e r ds =
1 Za Zb 2 W
n COX (VGS VT )
L
Zc r ds = channel r esist ance
W r A cor r ect
1 2 V T r B cor r ect
Z11 = Za + Zc L r C cor r ect
Z22 = Zb + Zc V GS r
and Z12 = Z21 = Zc D Wr ong st at ement
So, st at ement (d) is not cor r ect .
2 j j
Given [Z] = 13. H er e V on = 0.7 V (assume t he diode in t he figur e)
j 3 2 j
id
Ther efor e Z12 = j
and Z22 = 3 + 2j i1
VA
= 3 + j + j
2K i2
= Zb + Zc
= Rb + j + Zc +
2V 6K
Rb = 3
H ence t he value of Rb is 3.
10. Given t he ener gy of t he signal
L et diode : ON
si n(4 t ) V A = 2 0.7 = 1.3 V
x(t) =
4 t
1.3
X( ) i2 = ;
6K
1
sin at
0.7
t i1 =
a a
2K

sin 4 t 1 sin 4 t id = i2 i1
=
1.3 0.7
4 t 4 t mA mA
=
X( ) 6 2
1
4 1.3 2.1 0.8
= = ve
6 6
Which is not possible
4 4
When diode is OFF
1 2
Ener gy, E x(t) = X() d
2
2
1 1
4
2K
=
2 d
4 4
i2

+
2V 6K
1 1 4
= 4

2 16
1 1
= 8
2 16 2V
i2 = = 0.25 mA
1 2K 6K
= = 0.25 J
4 H ene t he magnit ude of cur r ent i 2 is 0.25 mA.
11. Eber s-M oll model of a BJT is valid for all t he
r egion of oper at ion.
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2) 13

14. Fr om t he given figur e

dy
Now L = (sY(s) y(0))
VT I 1 dt
R2 = I ln I
2 2
1 s 2
Y(s) = G(s)
s s(s 1)(s 3)
26 103 1 103
=
100 106 100 10 6 y(0) = sLt sY(s)
= 598.67 (Applying init ial value t heor em)
17.
s 2
CL K Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Y = Q3 + Q5 = sLt
(s 1)(s 3)
0 0 1 0 1 0 0
2
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 s

2 1 0 0 1 0 0 = 1 3
3 0 1 0 0 1 1 s 1 1
s s
4 1 0 1 0 0 1 y(0) = 0
5 0 1 0 1 0 0
The wavefor m of t he gat e out put dy s (s 2)
L = sY(s)
Y = Q3 + Q5 dt s(s 1)(s 3)

s 2
=
(s 1)(s 3)
0 T 2T 3T 4T 5T
dy dy
T 1 = 5T = L t sL
dt t 0 s dt
Aver age power dissipat ed
s (s 2)
V 2 TON = sLt
P= (s 1)(s 3)
R T
52 3T 2
= s s 1
10 5T s
= 1.5 mW = 1 3
s 1 s 1
18. I n case of a full adder, s s
Cout (A, B, Ci n) = (3, 5, 6, 7)
Appl ied at Appl ied at 10
sel ect i nput dat a input = 1
(1 0)(1 0)
of M U X of M U X
I0 I1 I2 I3 20. H er e t he Nyquist plot is
Ci n 0 2 4 6 1 s
Ci n 1 3 5 7 G(s) =
4 2s
0 Ci n Ci n 1

I0 = 0 and G(s)| = t an 1 t an 1
2
I 1 = Ci n
I 2 = Ci n 10 1
I3 = 1 at s = 0, G(s) = 0.25
40 4
19. Given t he r esponse of t he syst em
0
s 2 and G(s)= 0 = t an 1 0 t an 1 = 0
G(s) = 2
(s 1)(s 3)
14 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

23. Baz magnet ic field (magnet ic field exist s in t he z

1 1 dir ect ion in vacuum).
s 1 1
s s vxax + vzaz velocit y
at s = , G(s) = 4 4
s 2 2 F = Q (v B) by L or ent s law
s s
= Q (vxax + vzaz) Baz
F y = Q vx . B ( ay)
(0 1) 1
= 0.5 This r esult s in a cir cular pat h in t he XY plane
(0 2) 2
wit h vzaz component causing a linear pat h.
and G(s)= = t an 1 180 t an 1 90= 180 Bot h r esult in a helical pat h in Z axis.
Nyquist plot is
24. vp = / can be calculat ed. Polar izat ion can be
Im
identified.
r and r cannot be found, due t o which power
flux cannot be calculat ed as power flux
Re
1 0.5 0.25 2
1 E r
P= , wher e = 120
2 r

Hence the number of encir clements of ( 1 + j0) = 0 H ence, t he power flux t hr ough t he z = 0 plane.
21. The minimum r equir ed aver age codewor d lengt h
25. sin max = sin i n12 n22 1.52 1.4 2
in bit s for er r or fr ee r econst r uct ion
L min = H (Ent r opy) (H er e i be t he incident angle)
1 1 max = sin i = sin 1 (0.5385) = 32.58
H= log 2 2 log 2 4
2 4 i = 32.58
1 1 H ence, t he maximum value of i is 32.58.
log 2 8 log 2 8
8 8 26. Given differ ent ial equat ions
1 1 2 1 3
= log 2 2 log 2 2 log 2 2 dy
2 4 8 = 3y + 2, y(0) = 1
dx
1
l og 2 23 I f 1 3h < 1, then solution of differ ential equation
8
is st able.
1 1 1
= log 2 2 2 log 2 2 3 log 2 2 1 < 1 3h < 1
2 4 8
2 < 3h < 0
1
3 log 2 2 0 < h < 2/3
8
2
1 1 3 3 h max =
= 0.66
= = 1.75 3
2 2 8 8
H ence, t he lar gest t ime st ep t hat can be used t o
L min = 1.75 bit s/wor d
solve t he equat ion is 0.66.
H ence t he minimum r equir ed aver age codewor d
27. By Gr eens t heor em
lengt h is 1.75 bit s/wor d.
22. Fr om t he given dat a xy2 dx x2 y dy (wher e C = Closed cur ve)
f s = 8 kH z (speech signal)
C=
n = 8 bit s/sample ; M = 4
d 2 d
The minimum band widt h = dx ( x y) ( xy2 ) dxdy
dy
R
Rb Rb fs n
BW min = 2 log M 2 log 4
2 2 2 log 2 22
fs n fs n 8 8
= (2 xy 2xy) = 0
R
= 4 log 2 4 4 = 16 kH z
2
So, t he value of closed cur ve C is 0.
H ence t he minimum band widt h is 16 kH z.
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2) 15

28. The pr obabilit y P(X + Y 1) a

1 (1 x) 1 1

f xy ( x, y) dx dy
= 1/3
x 0 y0

1 x 1
1 (1 x) 1 1/3 1
y2

( x y) dx dy xy

3
=

1/
2
x 0 y0 x 0 0 1 1
1
(1 x)2 b
x(1 x) dx a
= 2
x 0
1

4/
1 1 2
(1 x)

3
( x x2 ) dx

dx
= 2 4/3
x0 x 0 1
1 1
1 x2 x x3
= dx

2 2

2 6 0
1

3
4/
x0
b
1 1 1 Again by st ar t o delt a conver sion
= 0.33
2 6 3 a
29. Tr ace of A = 14
1
a + 5 + 2 + b = 14
(Taking t he diagonal element and t hen adding) 4
a+b=7 ...(i ) 1 4
4
det (A) = 100

a 3 7 1

5 0 2 4 = 100 b
R . R2
0 0 b Rab = {4 1) + (4 1)} {1 4)} 1
R1 R 2
5 2 a b = 100 4 4 4 8
10 ab = 100 = =
5 5 5 15
ab = 10 ... (i i ) So, the equivalent r esistance acr oss the t er minals
Fr om equat ion (i ) and (i i ) 8
a and b is .
eit her a = 5, b = 2 15
or a=2b=5 31. Fr om t he given figur e
| a b| = | 5 2| = 3 Vx
R1 R2
5
0.16V x 5 3
30. Req a
+
+
60 V 0.4 V x 5 Vx
1 1

1 Using KVL (kirchhoffs voltage law) in the outer loop

1
1 1 60 5(0.16 V x) Vx =0
3 Vx
1 5
1
b
or V x = 25 V
The cur r ent flowing t hr ough
By using delt a t o st ar conver sion V x 25
R2 =
=5A
5 5
So, t he magnit ude of t he cur r ent is 5 A.
16 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

32. Gi ven a cont i nuous-t i me fi l t er wi t h t r ansfer 10 103

funct ion I (s) =
106
103 s
2s 6 1 1 10 s
H (s) = 2

s 6s 8 s 2 s 4 106
V c(s) = I (s)
h(t) = e 2t u(t) + e 4t u(t) 10 s
Given sampling fr equency (f s) = 2 H z 106
For discr et e t ime, V c(s) =
s2 108
n Taking inver se L aplace t r ansfor m, we get
t = nT s =
2 V c(t) = 100 sin104t V ( V c(t) = V 0 sin t)
h[n] = (e n + e 2n) u[n] St eady st at e m agn i t u de v ol t age acr oss
1 1 capacit or is 100 V.
H (z) =
35. I n a M OS - Capacit or
1 e1 Z 1 1 e2 Z 1
Z Z (V G V T ) Q
= 1
Wh er e V G = v ol t age appl i ed acr oss a M OS
Ze Z e2
capacit or wit h met al gat e and p-t ype silicon
2Z2 0.5032Z Q = I nver sion car r ier densit y
= 2
Z 0.5032 Z 0.049 (VG1 VT ) Q1
k = 0.049
(VG2 VT ) = Q2

H ence t he value of k is 0.049.
0.8 VT 2 1011
33. Discr et e Four ier Tr ansfor m (DFT) of t he 4-point =
sequence is 1.3 VT 4 1011
On solving, we get V T = 0.3 V
n
x1[n] = x VG2 VT Q2
3 Now Consider V V = Q
G3 T 3
X 1[K ] = {12, 2j, 0, 2j, 12, 2j, 0, 2j, 12, 2j, 0, 2j}
1.3 0.3 4 1011
X 1[8] = 12; X 1(11) = 2j =
1.8 0.3 Q3
X 1 [8] 12 I nver sion car r ier densit y wit h V G = 1.8 V
X 1 [11] = 2 j = 6 Q3 = 6 1011/cm 2
34. At t = 0 H ence, t he value of inver sion car r ier densit y is
6 1011/cm 2
1
36. I n any t ype of PN junct ion
1
+ 10 V BR
10 V i L (0 )
1
10 A Doping Concent rat ion
1 E 2
i.e. V BR N (or ) V BR =
D 2 qN D
10
i L (0 ) = = 10 A (Here VBR = break down voltage, N D = donor density)
1
V BR N D is a const ant
for t > 0 (using L aplace t r ansfor m)
q
37. | | = NDXN
0
3 +
10 10 1.6 1019
I (s) 10 6
V C(s) 50 103 = 1017 X N
10 s
8.85 10 14 11.7
3
10 s +
(Since = 0 r )
On solving X N = 3.2356 10 cm 6

= 3.236 10 8 m
X N = L = 32.36 nm
H ence, t he value of L is 32.36 nm.
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2) 17

38. Since V GS > V DS, M OSFET is in linear oper at ion V 0 changes fr om 5 V t o 5 V

I D = K N [V GS V T ] V DS V B = Vf + (V i V f )e t/
= 10 + [10 1 10]e t/RC
dI D
(Since = RC)
d VGS = K N V DS
At t = T 1 VB = 1
gm = K N V DS 1 V = 10 + 20e T 1/RC
0.5 10 6 = K N [50 10 3]
20
K N = 10 5 T 1 = RC ln
9
ID = K N [V GS V T ] V DS = 10 103 100 10 6 0.798
dI D = 0.798 sec
d Vd S = K N [V GS V T ] H ence, t he r equir ed t ime at which V 0 changes
st at e is 0.798 s.
gd = K N [V GS V T ]
41. Over all input = V ios + V input
8 10 6 = 10 5 [2 V T ]
(H er e V ios = input offset volt age)
8 10 6 = 5 mV + 25 mV = 30 mV
= 2 VT
105
RF
8 10 1 = 2 V T 1
R1
0.8 = 2 V T V0 = Overall input
1 RF
V T = 1.2 V 1+ 1
A OL R1
Hence thr eshold voltage of the tr ansistor is 1.2 V.

I DC .T
39. V r ipple = 15K
C 1
1K 30 10 3
H er e T = Time per iod = 1 15K
1+ 1
C = Filt er capacit or 100 1K
1 1 103
V r ipple = 16K
475 10 6
= 2.105 Volt s 1K 30 10 3
= 1 16K
40. I nit ially swit ch is closed and V B = 10 V 1+ 1
100 K
V 01 = 10 V
V0 = V2 = 5 V
16
= 30 10 3 100
V0 5 116
VA = 1K K = 1 V
4K 1K 5K
48000
10 V = 10 3 V
116
100 F
= 413.79 mV
V 01
VB
+
V0 H ence, t he out put V 0 is 413.79 mV.
10K 470 k
VA 4K 42. H er e 8 kbyt e ROM is given
10 V
2n = 8 kB = 23(210) = 213 (am an = am+n)
1K

A0 CS RD
At t = 0; 8 kB
The swit ch is opened and as t , V B appr oaches
ROM
10 V. A 12
L et at t = T 1,
D7 D0
V B exceeds V A ( 1 V) so that V01 changes from 10 V
t o 10 V
18 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

13 Addr ess lines ar e r equir ed for memor y chip. Pr esen t St at e C

But t he addr ess r ange given as 1000 H - 2FFF H Binary input
Present State Next State
A 15 A 14 A 13 A 12 A 11 A 10 A 9 A 8 A 7 A 6 A 5 A 4 A 3 A 2 A 1 A 0 X Y Z
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C C
0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 C C
I n or der t o get CS as low, t he condit ion is 0 1 0 C C
A 15 = A 14 = 0 and A 13 = 0/1, A 12 = 1/0. 0 1 1 C B
43. The total capacitance = (2N 1) C = (28 1) 8 pF 1 0 0 C C
= 2.04 nF (H er e t he input capacit ance of each 1 0 1 C A
compar at or = 8 pF)
1 1 0 C C
75
1 1 1 C AB
I n state C when XYZ = 111; the ambiguity occur s.
~ 2.04 nF Because fr om st at e C
When, X = 1, Z = 1 Next st at e = A
When, Y = 1, Z = 1 Next st at e = B
The t ime const ant = = RC = 153 ns So, t r ansi t i ons fr om st at e C ar e ambi guous
Set t ling t ime (T s) = 5 = 5 RC = 765 ns defined.
1 1
Sampling r at e = Set t ling t i me (T ) 45. G(s) = 2
s
s 2s
K
1 M samples/sec
Y(s)
s2 2s K
H en ce, t h e m ax i m u m sam pl i n g r at e i s =
R(s) K 2
s 2s K
1 mega samples per second. 1 2
s 2s
44. F or St at e A
M inimum set t ling t ime and no over shoot implies
Binary input =1
Present State Next State
X Y Z
n = K
0 0 0 A B
2 n = 2
0 0 1 A A
n = 1
0 1 0 A A
0 1 1 A A K = 1 or K = 1
1 0 0 A C H ence, t he r equir ed value of gain K t o achieve
t his is 1.
1 0 1 A C
1 1 0 A A K
46. 1 + G(s)H (s) = 1 0
1 1 1 A A (s 1)(s 2)(s 3)
Pr esen t St at e B (s + 1)(s2 + 5s + 6) + K = 0
Binary input s3 + 5s2 + 6s + s2 + 5s + 6 + K = 0
Present State Next State
X Y Z s3 + 6s2 + 11s + 6 + K = 0
0 0 0 B A Gain mar gin = 0 dB and phase mar gin = 0
0 0 1 B C I t implies mar ginal st able syst em
0 1 0 B B By Rout h Ar r ay
0 1 1 B B s3 1 11
1 0 0 B A 2
s 6 (6 K )
1 0 1 B B 66 6 K
1 1 0 B B s 0
6
1 1 1 B B s0 6K
SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2) 19

For mar ginal st able syst em, 1

60 K = 0 At f=
3T
K = 60 sb(f) = 1 + k 2 + 2k cos(2) = 0
H ence, t he posit ive value of K is 60. 1 + k 2 + 2k = 0
(k + 1)2 = 0
K
47. G(s) = (s 0.1)(s 10)(s p ) k=1
1
H ence t he value of k is 1.
1 1 1 49. H er e t h e r an ge of Ch an n el spect r u m
G(s) = t an 0.1 t an 10 t an p
1 500 H z 2000 H z (Her e Rb = r ate of tr ansmission)
1 1 1 1 1 1
H ence Bandwidt h (BW) = 1500 H z
G(s)=1 = t an 0.1 t an 10 t an p
1 Rb
= 135 BW = log M (1 )
2
1
t an 1 10 t an 1 0.1 t an 1 p = 135 Rb
1
1500 = log 16 (1 )
1 2
84.28 5.72 t an 1 p = 135
1
4800
1 1 1500 = log 16 (1 )
t an 2
p1 = 135 + 90
1500 = 1200 (1 + )
1 1
t an = 0.25
p1 = 45
H ence, t he r oll-off fact or of a-pulse is 0.25.
1 50. Given r andom pr ocess
p1 = 1 p1 = 1 X(t) = 3V(t) 8 and E[V(t)] = 0
H ence, t he value of p1 is 1. Rv() = 4e 5| |
48. Power spect r al densit y of X(t) = SX(f) Power of X(t ) = E[X 2(t)]
2 = E [9V 2 (t)] + 64 48 E [V(t)]
G( f )
j 2 fn = 9E [V 2 (t)] + 64 48 E [V(t )]
SX(f) =
T R b () e ,
n E [V 2 (t)] = Rv(0) = 4
Rb() = E[n n ] Power of X(t) = ((9 4) + 64)
= E[(n + kn 3)(n + k n 3)] = 100
= E[nn ] + kE[n 3 n ] + kE[nn 3] H ence t he power in X(t) is 100.
+ k 2E[n 3 n 3] 3/4
51. x0 y0
= E[nn ] + kE[n 3 n 3+3] + kE[nn 3]
1/4
+ k 2E[n 3 n 3]
= R() + kR( 3) + kR( + 3) + k 2R() 1/2
= (1 + k 2)R() + kR(+ 3) + kR( 3) x1 y1
1/2
Hence aut ocor r elation function can be defined as:
1 1
P(x0) = ; P(x1) =
1 k 2
0 2 2

Rb() = k 3 y y
0 ot her wise P 0 = 3 ; P 0 = 1
x0 4 x1 2
Power spect r al densit y [P (x, y)] = [P(x)] d [P(y| x)]
sb(f) = 1 + k 2 + 2k cos(2f3T)
1/2 0 3/4 1/4
1 =
Null will occur at f= 0 1/2 1/2 1/2
3T
20 SOLVED PAPER 2016 (SET-2)

3/8 1/8
[P(x, y)] = 54. At fr equency of 1 GH z t he line behaves as
1/4 1/4 2
lengt h t her e by giving open cir cuit at t he input
1
y of T 2 line. (Fr om figur e)
P(y| x0) = P( x , y ) log
0 k 2 P k Wit h 50 t er minat ion at T 1 t he load is mat ched
k 0 x0
and | | = 0 as seen in t he gr aph.
= {P(x0, y0)log2 P(y0| x0) H er e | | = input r eflect ion coefficient
+ P(x0, y1)log2 P(y1| x0)} T 1 T 2 = lossless t r ansmission line
3 3 1 1 f = 1 GH z
= log 2 log 2
8 4 8 4
2 1010
= 0.405 = 20 cm
1 109
52. L et E = E 1,

Q12 Now L= = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Ener gy E 1 = 2
2C1
H ence, t he lengt h (L ) of T 2 is 0.1 m.
(H er e Q = char ge acr oss capacit or ) 55. For velocit y being fr ee,
For elect r ically isolat ed
1
Q2 = Q1 Since K .E. = mV 2
2
d 2 = 2d 1
E
C1 V=
C2 = (Her e d 1 = d 2 = plat e separ ation) q
2
E = Ener gy
Q22 Q2 Q2
E2 = 1 2 1 V = Applied volt age
2C2 2C1 2C
1 q = elect r ic char ge of a met al plat e
2
= 2E 1 = 2E 1
mV 2 = qV
H ence t he ener gy st or ed in t he capacit or is 2E. 2
d 2 qV
L v=
53. Z0 = t m
C
d 2 qV
H er e Z0 = Char act er ist ics impedance =
t m
L = I nduct ance per unit lengt h
d
Lt t=
2 qV
Z0 = eff W m
as eff < 0r d
t
V
Lt
Z0 > 0 r W