Solved Examples - Solutions, Class 12, Chemistry - EduRev

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Solved Examples - Solutions, Class 12, Chemistry
Solved Examples - Solutions, Class 12, Chemistry
Solved Example
Ex.1 The molarity of 20% (W/W) solution of sulphuric acid is 2.55 M. The density of the solution is :
(A) 1.25 g cm -3 (B) 0.125 g L -1 (C) 2.55 g cm -3 (D) unpredictable
(Ans. A)
Sol. Volume of 100 g of solution = ml
\M=
or d = = 1.249 1.25
Ex.2 The density of a solution containing 13% by mass of sulphuric acid is 1.09 g/mL. Calculate the molarity and normality of
the solution-
(A) 1.445 M (B) 14.45 M (C) 144.5 M (D) 0.1445 M
(Ans. A)
Sol. Volume of 100 gram of the solution =
= mL = litre
= litre
Number of moles of H 2SO 4 in 100 gram of the solution =
Molarity =
= = 1.445 M
Ex.3 Calculate the molarity of pure water (d = 1g/L)
(A) 555 M (B) 5.55 M (C) 55.5 M (D) None

(Ans. C)
Sol. Consider 1000 mL of water

Mass of 1000 mL of water
= 1000 1 = 1000 gram
Number of moles of water = = 55.5
Molarity =
= = 55.5 M
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Ex.4 Calculate the quantity of sodium carbonate (anhydrous) required to prepare 250 ml of
0.1 M solution-
(A) 2.65 gram (B) 4.95 gram (C) 6.25 gram (D) None
(Ans. A)
Sol. We know that

Molarity =
where;
W = Mass of Na 2CO 3 in gram
M = Molecular mass of Na 2CO 3 in grams =106
V =Volume of solution in litres = = 0.25
Molarity =
Hence , = =
or W = = 2.65 gram
Ex.5 The freezing point of a 0.08 molal aqueous solution of NaHSO 4 is _ 0.372C. The dissociation constant for the reaction
HSO 4- H SO 42_ is
(A) 4 10 -2 (B) 8 10 -2 (C) 2 10 -2 (D) 1.86 10 -2
(Ans. A)
Sol. DT f = K f m
m=
This means that total molal conc. of all particles is 0.2.

NaHSO 4 Na HSO 4-
0.08 0.08
HSO 4- H SO 42_
(0.08 _ x) x x
The net particle concentration
0.087 = (0.08 _ x) x x = 0.2

or x = 0.04
K a = = 0.04
Ex.6 Find the molality of H 2SO 4 solution whose specific gravity is 1.98 g ml -1 and 95% by volume H 2SO 4
(A) 7.412 (B) 8.412 (C) 9.412 (D) 10.412
(Ans. C)
Sol. H 2SO 4 is 95% by volume

wt. of H 2SO 4 = 95g
Vol of solution = 100ml
\ Moles of H 2SO 4 = , and weight of solution = 100 1.98 = 198 g

Weight of water = 198 _ 95 = 103 g
Molality = = 9.412
Molality = = 9.412
Hence molality of H 2SO 4 solution is 9.412
Ex.7 Calculate molality of 1 litre solution of 93% H 2SO 4 by volume. The density of solution is 1.84 gm ml -1
(A) 9.42 (B) 10.42 (C) 11.42 (D) 12.42
(Ans. B)
Sol. Given H 2SO 4 is 93% by volume
wt. of H 2SO 4 = 93g
Volume of solution = 100ml

\ weight of solution = 100 1.84 gm
= 184 gm
wt. of water = 184 _ 93 = 91 gm
Molality =
= = 10.42
Ex.8 Suppose 5gm of CH 3COOH is dissolved in one litre of Ethanol. Assume no reaction between them. Calculate molality of
resulting solution if density of Ethanol is 0.789 gm/ml.
(A) 0.0856 (B) 0.0956 (C) 0.1056 (D) 0.1156
(Ans. C)
Sol. Wt . of CH 3COOH dissolved = 5g
Eq. of CH 3COOH dissolved =
Volume of ethanol = 1 litre = 1000ml.
\ Weight of ethanol = 1000 0.789 = 789g
\ Molality of solution =
= = 0.1056
Ex.9 Calculate the molarity and normality of a solution containing 0.5 gm of NaOH dissolved in 500 ml. solution-
(A) 0.0025 M, 0.025 N (B) 0.025 M, 0.025 N
(C) 0.25 M, 0.25 N (D) 0.025 M, 0.0025 N
(Ans. B)
Sol. Wt. of NaOH dissolved = 0.5 gm
Vol. of NaOH solution = 500 ml
Calculation of molarity
0.5 g of NaOH = moles of NaOH
[Q Mol. wt of NaOH = 40]

= 0.0125 moles
Thus 500 ml of the solution contain NaOH = 0.0125 moles

Thus 500 ml of the solution contain NaOH = 0.0125 moles
\ 1000 ml of the solution contain
= 1000
= 0.025 M
Hence molarity of the solution = 0.025 M
Calculation of normality
Since NaOH is monoacidic ;
Eq. wt. of NaOH = Mol. wt. of NaOH = 40
\ 0.5 gm of NaOH = gm equivalents = 0.0125 gm equivalents
Thus 500 ml of the solution contain NaOH = 0.0125 gm equ.
\ 1000 ml of the solution contain
= 1000 = 0.025
Hence normality of the solution = 0.025 N
Ex.10 Calculate the molality and mole fraction of the solute in aqueous solution containing 3.0 gm of urea per 250 gm of water
(Mol. wt. of urea = 60).
(A) 0.2 m, 0.00357 (B) 0.4 m, 0.00357 (C) 0.5 m, 0.00357 (D) 0.7m, 0.00357
(Ans. A)
Sol. Wt. of solute (urea) dissolved = 3.0 gm
Wt. of the solvent (water) = 250 gm
Mol. wt. of the solute = 60
3.0 gm of the solute = moles = 0.05 moles
Thus 250 gm of the solvent contain = 0.05 moles of solute
\ 1000 gm of the solvent contain = = 0.2 moles
Hence molality of the solution = 0.2 m
In short,
Molality = No. of moles of solute/1000 g of solvent
\ Molality = 1000 = 0.2 m
Calculation of mole fraction
3.0 gm of solute = 3/60 moles = 0.05 moles
250 gm of water = moles = 13.94 moles
\ Mole fraction of the solute
= = = 0.00357
Ex.11 A solution has 25% of water, 25% ethanol and 50% acetic acid by mass. Calculate the mole fraction of each component.
(A) 0.50, 0.3, 0.19 (B) 0.19, 0.3, 0.50 (C) 0.3, 0.19, 0.50 (D) 0.50, 0.19, 0.3
(Ans. D)
Sol. Since 18 g of water = 1 mole
25 g of water = = 1.38 mole

25 g of water = = 1.38 mole
Similarly, 46 g of ethanol = 1 mole
25 g of ethanol = = 0.55 moles
Again, 60 g of acetic acid = 1 mole
50 g of acetic acid = = 0.83 mole
\ Mole fraction of water
= = 0.50
Similarly, Mole fraction of ethanol
= = 0.19
Mole fraction of acetic acid
= = 0.3
Ex.12 15 gram of methyl alcohol is dissolved in 35 gram of water. What is the mass percentage of methyl alcohol in solution ?
(A) 30% (B) 50% (C) 70% (D) 75%
(Ans. A)
Sol. Total mass of solution = (15 35) gram = 50 gram
mass percentage of methyl alcohol
= 100
= 100 = 30%
Ex.13 Calculate the masses of cane sugar and water required to prepare 250 gram of 25% cane sugar solution-
(A) 187.5 gram, 62.5 gram (B) 62.5 gram, 187.5 gram
(C) 162.5 gram, 87.5 gram (D) None of these
(Ans. B)
Sol. Mass percentage of sugar = 25
We know that
Mass percentage = 100
So, 25 = 100
or Mass of cane sugar =
= 62.5 gram
Mass of water = (250 _ 62.5) = 187.5 gram
Ex.14 Calculate normality of the mixture obtained by mixing 100ml of 0.1N HCl and 50ml of 0.25N NaOH solution.
(A) 0.0467 N (B) 0.0367 N (C) 0.0267 N (D) 0.0167 N
(Ans. D)
(Ans. D)
Sol. Meq. of HCl =100 0.1 = 10

Meq. of NaOH = 50 0.25 = 12.5
Q HCl and NaOH neutralize each other with equal eq.
Meq. of NaOH left = 12.5 _ 10 = 2.5

Volume of new solution = 100 50 = 150 ml.
N NaOH left = = 0.0167 N
Hence normality of the mixture obtained is 0.0167 N
Ex.15 300 ml 0.1 M HCl and 200 ml of 0.03M H 2SO 4 are mixed. Calculate the normality of the resulting mixture-
(A) 0.084 N (B) 0.84 N (C) 2.04 N (D) 2.84 N
(Ans.A)
Sol. For HCl For H 2SO 4
V 1 = 300 ml V 2 = 200 ml
N 1 = M x Basicity N 2 = M x Basicity
= 0.1 x 1 = 0.1 = 0.03 2 = 0.06
Normality of the mixture,
N=
= = 0.084 N
Ex.16 In what ratio should a 6.5 N HNO 3 be diluted with water to get 3.5 N HNO 3 ?
(A) 6 : 7 (B) 7 : 6 (C) 5 : 6 (D) 6 : 5
(Ans. B)
Sol. N 1V 1 = N 2V 2
6.5 V 1 = 3.5 (V 1 x)
6.5 V 1 = 3.5 V 1 3.5 x

3V 1 = 3.5 x
Ex.17 Calculate the amount of each in the following solutions -
(i) 150 ml of H 2SO 4 (ii) 250 ml of 0.2M NaHCO 3
(iii) 400 ml of Na 2CO 3 (iv) 1052 g of 1 m KOH.
(A) 52g, 2.12g, 4.2g, 1.05g (B) 1.05g, 4.2g, 2.12g, 52g
(C) 1.05g, 2.12g, 52g, 4.2g (D) 4.2g, 2.12g, 1.05g, 52g
(Ans. B)
Sol. (i) Eq. wt. of H 2SO 4 = = = 49
\ Amount of H 2SO 4 per litre (strength) = Normality Eq. wt. = 49 = 7 g/litre
Amount in 150 ml = = 1.05 g
(ii) Molecular wt. of

NaHCO 3 = 23 1 12 48 = 84
Amount of NaHCO 3 required to produce 1000 c.c. of one molar solution = 84 g

Amount present per litre in 0.2 M solution = 84 0.2 = 16.8 g
\ Amount present in 250 c.c.
= = 4.2 g
(iii) Equivalent weight of
Na 2CO 3 =
= = 53
Amount of Na 2CO 3 = Normality Eq. wt. = 53 = 5.3 g/litre
\ Amount present in 400 c.c. = = 2.12 g
(iv) We know that 1 molal solution of a substance contains 1000 g of solvent.

\ Wt. of KOH in 1052 g of 1 m KOH solution = 1052 _ 1000 = 52 g
Ex.18 How many kilograms of wet NaOH containing 12% water are required to prepare 60 litres of 0.50 N solution ?
(A) 1.36 kg (B) 1.50 kg (C) 2.40 gm (D) 3.16 kg
(Ans. A)
Sol. One litre of 0.50 N NaOH contains = 0.50 40g = 20 g = 0.020 kg
\ 60 litres of 0.50 N NaOH contain
= 0.020 60 kg = 1.20 kg NaOH

Since the given NaOH contains 12% water, the amount of pure NaOH in 100 kg of the given NaOH = 100 _ 12 = 88 kg
Thus 88 kg of pure NaOH is present in 100 kg wet NaOH
\ 1.20 kg of pure NaOH is present in
= 1.20 = 1.36 kg wet NaOH
Ex. 19 Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution at 100 0C containing 3g of cane sugar in 33g of water. (At wt. C = 12 , H = 1 , O
= 16)
(A) 760 mm (B) 756.90 mm (C) 758.30 mm (D) None
(Ans. B)
Sol. Vapour pressure of pure water (solvent) at 100 0C, p 0 = 760 mm.
Vapour pressure of solution, p = ?
Wt. of solvent , W = 33g
Wt. of solute , w = 3g
Mol. wt. of water (H 2O), M = 18
Mol. wt. of sugar (C 12H 22O 11),
m = 12 x 12 22 x 1 11 x 16 = 342
According to Raoult's law ,
=
=
\ p = p0 _ p0
p = 760 _ 760
(\ p 0 for H 2O = 760 mm)

= 760 _ 3.19 = 756.90 mm
Ex.20 Osmotic pressure of a sugar solution at 24C is 2.5 atmospheres. Determine the concentration of the solution in gm mole
per litre.
(A) 0.0821 moles/litre (B) 1.082 moles/litre
(C) 0.1025 moles/litre (D) 0.0827moles/litre
(Ans. C)
Sol. Here it is given that

p = 2.5 atm, T = 24 273 = 297K, S = 0.0821 lit. atm. deg -1 mol -1, C = ?
We know that p = CST
or C = =
= 0.1025 moles/litre
Ex.21 Twenty grams of a substance were dissolved in 500 ml. of water and the osmotic pressure of the solution was found to be
600 mm of mercury at 15 0C. Determine the molecular weight of the substance-
(A) 1120 (B) 1198 (C) 1200 (D) None of these

w = 20 gm ; V = 500 ml .
= = 0.5 litre
p = 600 mm = atm ;
T = 15 273 = 288 0A
m=?
According to Van't Hoff equation ,
pV = nST pV = ST
\m= =
= 1198
Ex.22 Blood plasma has the following composition (milli-equivalents per litre). Calculate its osmotic pressure at 37 0C.
Na = 138 , Ca 2 = 5.2, K = 4.5, Mg 2 = 2.0 , Cl = 105, HCO 3 = 25, PO 43_ = 2.2 , SO 42_ = 0.5,
Proteins = 16, Others = 1.0
(A) 7.47 atm (B) 7.30 atm (C) 7.29 atm (D) 7.40 atm
(Ans. A)
Sol. Since for calculating osmotic pressure we require millimoles/litre therefore
Na = 138 Ca 2 = = 2.6 , K = 4.5,
Mg 2 = = 1.0 , Cl = 105 ,
7/25/2017
Mg = = 1.0 , Cl = 105 , Solved Examples - Solutions, Class 12, Chemistry | EduRev
HCO 3 = 24,PO 43_ = = 0.73,
SO 42_ = = 0.25 , Proteins = 16 ,
others = 1.0
Total = 294.18 millimoles/litre = = 0.294 moles/litre
Now since p = CST

= 0.294 x 0.0821 x .310 = 7.47 atm
Ex.23 0.15g of a substance dissolved in 15g of solvent boiled at a temperature higher by 0.216 0C than that of the pure solvent.
Calculate the molecular weight of the substance. Molal elevation constant for the solvent is 2.16 0C.
(A) 216 (B) 100 (C) 178 (D) None of these
(Ans. B)
w = 0.15 g, DT b = = 0.216 0C
W = 15g K b = 2.16 0C
m=?
Substituting values in the expression ,
m=
m= = 100
Ex.24 A solution of 0.450 gm of urea (mol. wt 60) in 22.5 g of water showed 0.170 0C of elevation in boiling point. Calculate the
molal elevation constant of water-
(A) 0.17C (B) 0.45C (C) 0.51C (D) 0.30C
(Ans. C)
Sol. Wt. of solute, w = 0.450 g
Wt. of solvent , W = 22.5 g

Mol. wt of solute, m = 60
Molal elevation constant K b = ?
Boiling point elevation , DT b = 0.170 0C

Substituting these values in the equation-
Kb =
= = 0.51 0C
Ex.25 Calculate the boiling point of a solution containing 0.45g of camphor (mol. wt. 152) dissolved in 35.4g of acetone (b.p.
56.3 0C); K b per 100 gm of acetone is 17.2 0C.
(A) 56.446C (B) 52.401C (C) 56.146C (D) 50.464C

w = 0.45 g , W = 35.4 , m = 152 ,
Kb = 17.2 per 100gm
Now we know that DT b =
(Note that this is expression when K b is given per 100g of the solvent)
(Note that this is expression when K b is given per 100g of the solvent)
Substituting the values in the above expression.
DT b = = 0.146 0C
Now we know that

B.P. of solution (T) - B.P. of solvent (T 0) = DT
\ B.P. of solution (T) = B.P. of solvent(T 0) DT
Hence B.P. of solution = 56.3 0.146

= 56.446 0C
Ex.26 The freezing point of 0.2 molal K 2SO 4 is _1.1C. Calculate Van't Haff factor and percentage degree of dissociation of
K 2SO 4. K f for water is 1.86
(A) 97.5 (B) 90.75 (C) 105.5 (D) 85.75
(Ans. A)
Sol. DT f = freezing point of water _ freezing point of solution = 0 C _ (_1.1 C) = 1.1
We know that,
DT f = i K f m
1.1 = i 1.86 0.2
\i= = 2.95
But we know
i = 1 (n _ 1)a
2.95 = 1 (3 _ 1) a = 1 2a
a = 0.975
Van't Haff factor (i) = 2.95
Degree of dissociation = 0.975
Percentage degree of dissociation = 97.5
Ex.27 The density of a 3M sodium thiosulphate solution (Na 2S 2O 3) is 1.25 g/mL. Calculate
(i) the percentage by mass of sodium thiosulphate, (ii) the mole fraction of sodium thiosulphate and (iii) molalities of Na and
S 2O 32_ ions -
Sol. (i) Mass of 1000 mL of Na 2S 2O 3 solution
= 1.25 1000 = 1250 g

Mass of Na 2S 2O 3 in 1000 mL of 3M solution
= 3 Mol. mass of Na 2S 2O 3
= 3 158 = 474 g
Mass percentage of Na 2S 2O 3 in solution
= 100 = 37.92
Alternatively, M =
3=
x = 37.92
(ii) No. of moles of Na 2S 2O 3 = =3
Mass of water = (1250 _ 474) = 776 g
No. of moles of water = = 43.1
Mole fraction of Na 2S 2O 3
= = = 0.065
(iii) No. of moles of Na ions

= 2 No. of moles of Na 2S 2O 3
=23=6
Molality of Na ions
= 1000
= 7.73 m
No. of moles of S 2 ions = No. of moles of Na 2S 2O 3 = 3
Molality of ions = 1000 = 3.86 m
Ex.28 A solution is perpared by dissolving 5.64 gm of glucose in 60g of water. Calculate the following.
(i) mass per cent of each of glucose and water,
(ii) molality of the solution,
(iii) mole fraction of each of glucose and water.
Sol. (i) Total mass of solution
= 5.64 60 = 65.64 g
Mass per cent of glucose = 100
= 8.59%
Mass per cent of water
= (100 _ Mass per cent of glucose)
= (100 _ 8.59) = 91.41%
(ii) No. of moles of glucose =
Mass of water in kg =
Molality = = 0.522 m
(iii) No. of moles of glucose = = 0.0313
No. of moles of water = = 3.333
Mole fraction of glucose
= = 0.0093
Mole fraction of water =
= 0.9907
Ex.29 The volume of water which must be added to a mixture of 350 cm 3 of 6 M HCl and 650 ml of
3 M HCl to get a resulting solution of 3 M concentration is [Ans. D]
(A) 75 mL (B) 150 mL (C) 100 mL (D) 350 mL
Sol. Molarity of mixture of 6 M and 3 M HCl
= = 4.05 M
= = 4.05 M
Now, apply dilution formula

M 1V 1 = M 2V 2 or V 2 =
= 1350 ml
Volume of water to be added

= 1350 _ 1000 = 350 ml
Ex.30 The mole fraction of CH 3OH in an aqueous solution is 0.02 and its density is 0.994 g cm -3. Determine its molarity and
molality.
Sol. Let x mole of CH 3OH and y mole of water be present in solution.
Mole fraction of CH 3OH = = 0.02
So, = 49 or =
Molality = 1000 = = 1.13 m
Volume of solution =
= mL
= litre = litre
Molarity = 994
= = = 1.0875 M
Ex.31 Calculate the concentration of NaOH solution in g/mL which has the same normality as that of a solution of HCl of
concentration 0.04 g/mL. -
Sol. N HCl = = = 1.095
N NaOH N HCl
\ 1.095 =
w B = 0.0438 g/mL
Ex.32 How many Na ions are present in 50 mL of a 0.5 M solution of NaCl ?
Sol. Number of moles of NaCl =
= = 0.025
NaCl Na Cl
Number of moles Na = Number of moles of NaCl

= 0.025
Number of ions of Na = 0.025 6.023 10 23
= 1.505 10 22
Ex.33 250 mL of a Na 2CO 3 solution contains 2.65 g of Na 2CO 3. 10 mL of this solution is added to x mL of water to obtain 0.001 M
Na 2CO 3 solution. The value of x is :
(Molecular mass of Na 2CO 3 = 106 amu)-
(A) 1000 (B) 990 (C) 9990 (D) 90
Sol.[B] Molarity of solution
M= = = 0.1
M 1V 1 = M 2V 2
0.1 10 = 0.001 (10 x)
x = 990 mL
Ex.34 The volumes of two HCl solutions A (0.5 N) and B (0.1 N) to be mixed for preparing 2 L of 0.2 N HCl are -
(A) 0.5 L of A 1.5 L of B (B) 1.5 L of A 0.5 L of B

(C) 1 L of A 1 L of B (D) 0.75 L of A 1.25 L of B
Sol.(A) Let x L of A and (2 _ x) L of B are mixed.

M 1V 1 M 2V 2 = M R (V 1 V 2)
0.5 x 0.1 (2 _ x) = 0.2 2
(0.5 _ 0.1) x = 0.4 _ 0.2

0.4 x = 0.2
x = 0.5 L
\ 0.5 L of A and 1.5 L of B should be mixed.
Ex.35 Lowering of vapour pressure due to a solute in 1 molal aqueous solution at 100C is -
(A) 13.44 mm Hg (B) 14.12 mm Hg (C) 31.2 mm Hg (D) 35.2 mm Hg
Sol.(A) m = x B = mole fraction of solute
1= m A = molar mass of solvent

x B = 0.0176
x A = 1 _ 0.0176 = 0.9824
p = p 0x A
= 760 0.9824 = 746.62
Dp = p 0 _ p = 760 _ 746.62
= 13.4
Ex.36 The mass of a non-volatile solute (molecular mass = 40) which should be dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour
pressure to 80% will be -
(A) 20 g (B) 30 g (C) 10 g (D) 40 g
Sol.(C) If p 0 = 100, then p = 80

p = p0 xA
80 = 100 x A
x A = 0.80
xA = =
0.8 =
1 =
w B = 10 g
Ex.37 A solution of urea in water has boiling point of 100.15C. Calculate the freezing point of the same solution if K f and K b for
water are 1.87 K kg mol -1 and 0.52 K kg mol -1 respectively -
Sol. DT b = (100.15 _ 100) = 0.15C

We know that, DT b = molality K b
Molality = = = 0.2884
DT f = molality K f
= 0.2884 1.87 = 0.54C
Thus, the freezing point of the solution

= _ 0.54C.
Ex.38 Calculate the molal depression constant of a solvent which has freezing point 16.6C and latent heat of fusion 180.75 J g -1
-
Sol. K f =
R = 8.314 J K -1 mol -1,
T f = 16.6C = 273 16.6 = 289.6 K,
L f = 180.75 J g -1
Substituting the values in the above equation,
Kf = = 3.86
Ex.39 The freezing point depression of 0.001 m K x[Fe(CN) 6 ] is 7.10 10 -3 K. Determine the value of x. Given, K f = 1.86 K kg mol -1
for water -
Sol. Dx = i K f m
7.10 10 -3 = i 1.86 0.001

i = 3.817
a=
1=
x = 2.817 = 3
\ Molecular formula of the compound is
K 3 [Fe(CN) 6]
Ex.40 A certain substance `A' tetramerises in water to the extent of 80%. A solution of 2.5 g of A in 100 g of water lowers the
freezing point by 0.3C. The molar mass of A is -
(A) 122 (B) 31 (C) 244 (D) 62
Sol.(D) a =
0.8 = ; i = 0.4
DT = iK f m
0.3 = 0.4 1.86
0.3 = 0.4 1.86
m B = 62
Ex.41 van't Hoff factor of Hg 2Cl 2 in its aqueous solution will be (Hg 2Cl 2 is 80% ionized in the solution) -
(A) 1.6 (B) 2.6 (C) 3.6 (D) 4.6
Sol.(B) Hg 2Cl 2 2Cl -
n=3
a=
0.8 =
i = 2.6
Ex.42 Calculate the amount of NaCl which must be added to 100 g water so that freezing point is depressed by 2K. For water, K f
= 1.86 K kg mol -1 -
Sol. NaCl is a strong electrolyte. It is completely dissociated in solution.

Degree of dissociation, a = 1
NaCl Na Cl -1
(n = 2)
No. of particles after dissociation = 1 (n _ 1) a
= 1 (2 _ 1) 1 = 2
=
=2
or DT theo = 1
Let w g of NaCl be dissolved in 100 g of water.

So, DT theo.=
or w = =
= 3.145 g
Ex.43 The degree of dissociation of Ca(NO 3) 2 in a dilute solution containing 14 g of the salt per 200 g of water at 100C is 70%. If
the vapour pressure of water is 760 mm, calculate the vapour pressure of solution -
Sol. Dp theo. = Lowering in vapour pressure when there is no dissociation
= pO (given, p 0 = 760 mm, w = 14 g, W = 200 g, M = 18, m = 164)

= = 5.84 mm
Degree of dissociation = = 0.7

2 -
Ca(NO 3) 2 Ca 2NO 3
(n = 3)
= = = 2.4
So, Dp obs. = 2.4 Dp theo. = 2.4 5.84
= 14.02 mm
p 0 _ p s = Dp obs. = 14.02
p s = p 0 _ 14.02 = 760 _ 14.02 = 745.98 mm
Ex.44 Calculate the normal boiling point of a sample of sea water found to contain 3.5% of NaCl and 0.13% of MgCl 2 by mass.
Ex.44 Calculate the normal boiling point of a sample of sea water found to contain 3.5% of NaCl and 0.13% of MgCl 2 by mass.
The normal boiling point of water is 100C and K b (water) = 0.51 K kg mol -1. Assume that both the salts are completely ionised -
Sol. Mass of NaCl = 3.5 g
No. of moles of NaCl =
Number of ions furnished by one molecule of NaCl is 2.

So, actual number of moles of particles furnished by sodium chloride = 2
Similarly, actual number of moles of particles furnished by magnesium chloride = 3
Total number of moles of particles =

= 0.1238
Mass of water = (100 _ 3.5 _ 0.13) = 96.37 g = kg
Molality = 1000 = 1.2846

DT b = Molality K b
= 1.2846 0.51 = 0.655 K
Hence, boiling point of sea water = 373.655 K or 100.655C.
Ex.45 Sea water is 3.5% by mass of a salt and has a density 1.04 g cm -3 at 293 K. Assuming the salt to be sodium chloride,
calculate the osmotic pressure of sea water. Assume complete ionisation of the salt -
Sol. Mass of NaCl = 3.5 g
No. of moles =
Actual number of moles of particles of solute in solution.
Volume of solution = litre

p= 0.0821 293 = 29.93 atm.
Ex.46 Molality of a solution in aqueous medium is 0.8. Calculate its mole fraction and the percentage by mass of solute if molar
mass of solute is 60 -
Sol. We know that,

m= ...(i)
where, x B = mole fraction of solute
m A = molar mass of solvent

0.8 =
x B = 0.014
Let w B = x g, w A = 100 g
m=
0.8 =
x = 4.8%
Ex.47 A very small amount of a non-volatile solute (that does not dissociate) is dissolved in 56.8 cm 3 of benzene (density 0.889
g cm -3). At room temperature, vapour pressure of this solution is 98.8 mm Hg while that of benzene is 100 mm Hg. Find the
molality of the solution. If the freezing temperature of this solution is 0.73 degree lower than that of benzene, what is the value
of molal freezing point depression constant of benzene ?
Sol. = XA
= XA
X = 0.012
X A = 0.012
Molality = = = 0.1557
DT = K f Molality
0.73 = K f 0.1557
K f = 4.688
Ex.48 x g of a non-electrolytic compound (molar mass = 200) is dissolved in 1.0 litre of 0.05 M NaCl solution. The osmotic
pressure of this solution is found to be 4.92 atm at 27C. Calculate the value of `x'. Assume complete dissociation of NaCl and
ideal behaviour of this solution.
(A) 16.52 gm (B) 24.032 gm
(C) 19.959 gm (D) 12.35 gm
Sol.(C) (i) For NaCl : p = iCRT = 2 0.05 0.0821 300 = 2.463 atm
(ii) For unknown compound,
p = CRT = 0.0821 300 = 0.1231 x atm
Total osmotic pressure p = p 1 p 2

4.92 = 2.463 0.1231 x
x = 19.959 g
Ex.49 The freezing point of a solution containing 50 cm 3 of ethylene glycol in 50 g of water is found to be _ 34C. Assuming
ideal behaviour, calculate the density of ethylene glycol (K f for water = 1.86 K kg mol -1) -
(A) 1.13 g/cm 3 (B) 2.00 g/cm 3 (C) 1.8 g/cm 3 (D) 2.25 g/cm 3
Sol. DT = K f
34 = 1.86
w = 56.66 g
V= ,50 =
d = 1.13 g/cm 3
Ex.50 Match the boiling point with K b for x, y and z if molecular weight of x, y and z are same.
b. pt K b
x 100 0.68
y 27 0.53
z 253 0.98
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sol. Molal elevation constant may be calculated as,
= (where, T 0 = boiling point of pure solvent L v = latent heat of vaporization.)
= Lv = )
(here, DH V = molar latent heat of vaporization).
= m B = molar mass of solute.
= here, DS V = entropy of vaprization.

By considering DS V as almost constant, K b T 0.
\ K b(x) = 0.68 ; K b (y) = 0.53 and K b (z) = 0.98.
Ex.51 1.22 g C 6H 5COOH is added into two solvents and data of DT b and K b are given as -
(A) ln 100 g CH 3COCH 3; DT b= 0.17; K b = 1.7 kg kelvin/mol

(B) ln 100 g benzene; DT b = 0.13; K b = 2.6 kg kelvin/mol
Find out the molecular weight of C 6H 5COOH in both cases and inerpret the result.
Sol. (a) DT = K b
0.17 = 1.7
m B = 122
(b) DT =
0.13 =
mB = 244
(Abnormally double molecular mass of benzoic acid, it shows association of benzoic acid in benzene).
Ex.52 How much C 2H 5OH should be added to 1 litre H 2O so that it will not freeze at _ 20C ?
K f = 1.86C/m
Sol. Mass of 1 litre water = 1000 g
Q DT = K f
20 = 1.86
w B = 494.6 g
Ex.53 Calculate the molarity of each of the ions in solution when 3.0 litre of 4.0 M NaCl and 4.0 litre of 2.0 M CoCl 2 are mixed
and diluted to 10 litre -
Sol. Molarity Na = 1.2 M
Molarity Co 2 = 0.8 M
Molarity Cl - = 2.8 M
Total Cl - ions = 28 mole.
Ex.54 Calculate the molarity of each ion in solution after 2.0 litre of 3.0 M AgNO 3 is mixed with 3.0 litre of 1.0 M BaCl 2.
Sol.
BaCl 2 2AgNO 3 2AgCl Ba(NO 3) 2
Initial 3 6 _ _
mole
Final _ _ 6 (ppt) 3
mole
= = .
Ex.55 1.2 kg ethylene glycol was added in a car radiator containing 9 litre water. The freezing of water was just prevented
when car was running in the Himalayan valley at temperature _ 4C. Sudden thunderstorm in the valley lowered the temperature
to _6C. Calculate the amount of ice separated.
to _6C. Calculate the amount of ice separated.
Sol. DT = K f A Solute; B Solvent

6 = 1.86
w B = 6000 g
I weight of ice = Total weight of H 2O _ wt. of H 2O at _6C = 9000 _ 6000 = 3000 g = 3 kg
Ex.56 The vapour pressure of a solvent decreased by 10 mm of mercury when a non-volatile solute was added to the solvent.
The mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.2. What should be the mole fraction of the solvent, if the decrease in the
vapour pressure is to be 20 mm of mercury -
(A) 0.8 (B) 0.6 (C) 0.4 (D) 0.2
Sol. [B] Mole fraction of solute =
Comparing under the two conditions,

=
or mole fraction of solute = 0.4
mole fraction of solvent = (1 _ 0.4) = 0.6
Ex.57 Three solutions of HCl having normality 12 N, 6 N and 2 N are mixed to obtain a solutions of 4 N normality. Which among
the following volume ratio is correct for the above three components ?
(A) 1 : 1 : 5 (B) 1 : 2 : 6 (C) 2 : 1 : 9 (D) 1 : 2 : 4
Sol. [B] Use Hit & Trial Method.

N 1V 1 N 2V 2 N 3V 3 = N R(V 1 V 2 V 3)
12 1 6 2 2 6 = N R(9)
NR = 4
Ex.58 Two solutions of H 2SO 4 of molarities x and y are mixed in the ratio of V 1 mL : V 2 mL to form a solution of molarity M 1. If
they are mixed in the ratio of V 2mL : V 1mL, they form a solution of molarity M 2. Given V 1. Given V 1/V 2 => 1 and = , then x : y
is -
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 4 : 1 (C) 1 : 2 (D) 3 : 1
Sol. Molarity of the mixture can be calculated as.
M 1V 1 M 2V 2 = M R(V 1 V 2)
where, M R = resultant solution

V 1 x V 2 y = M 1(V 1 V 2)
V 2 x V 1 y = M 2(V 1 V 2)
Dividing equation (i) by equation (ii), we get

=
Substituting = and = we can calculate x : y.
Ex.59 Isuling (C 2H 10O 5) n is dissolved in a suitable solvent and the osmotic pressure (p) of solutions of various concentrations
(g/cc) C is measured at 20c. The slope of the plot of p against `C' is found to be 4.65 10 -3. The molecular weight of insulin is -
(A) 4.8 10 5 (B) 9 10 5 (C) 3 10 5 (D) 5.17 10 6
Sol. [D] pV = RT
p=
p=C 1000 ...(i)
where C = concentration in g/cc,

Comparing eqs. (i) and (ii), ...(ii)
Slope = 1000
mB = 1000
= 5.17 10 6 J
Ex.60 Compound PdCl 4.6H 2O is a hydrated complex; 1 molal aqueous solution of it has freezing point 269.28 K. Assuming 100%
ionization of complex, calculate the molecular formula of the complex (K f for water = 1.86 K kg mol -1) -
(A) [Pd(H 2O) 6]Cl 4 (B) [Pd(H 2O) 4Cl 2]Cl 2.2H 2O
(C) [Pd(H 2O) 3Cl 3]Cl.3H 2O (D) [Pd(H 2O) 2Cl 4].4H 2O
Sol. [C] DT = i K f m
(273 _ 269.28) = i 1.86 1
3.72 = i 1.86
i=2
a=
1= or n = 2.
Thus, the complex should give two ions in the solution, i.e., the complex will be [Pd(H 2O) 3Cl 3]Cl.3H 2O]
Ex.61 pH of 0.1 M monobasic acid is measured to be 2. Its osmotic pressure at a given temperature T K is -
(A) 0.1 RT (B) 0.11 RT (C) 1.1 RT (D) 0.01 RT
Sol. [B] HA H A-
t=0C00
t eq C _ Ca Ca Ca
[H ] = Ca, [H ] = 10 -pH
\ Ca = 10 -2
0.1 a = 10 -2
a = 0.1
a= ; 0.1 =
i = 1.1
\ p = iCRT
= 1.1 0.1 RT = 0.11 RT
Ex.62 Lowering of vapour pressure in 1 molal aqueous solution at 100C is -

(A) 13.44 mm Hg (B) 14.12 mm Hg (C) 31.2 mm Hg (D) 35.2 mm Hg
Sol. [A] Molality and mole fraction are related as follows :
m= m=1
1= x B = mole fraction of solute

x B = 0.0176, x A = 0.9824
p = p 0x A
p = 760 0.9824 = 746.624
Dp = p 0 _ p = 760 _ 746.624 = 13.4 mm Hg.
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Solved Examples - Solutions, Class 12, Chemistry

Solved Examples - Solutions, Class 12, Chemistry

(A) 1.25 g cm -3 (B) 0.125 g L -1 (C) 2.55 g cm -3 (D) unpredictable

Sol. Volume of 100 g of solution = ml

Sol. Volume of 100 gram of the solution =

Number of moles of H 2SO 4 in 100 gram of the solution =

Ex.3 Calculate the molarity of pure water (d = 1g/L)

(A) 555 M (B) 5.55 M (C) 55.5 M (D) None

Sol. Consider 1000 mL of water

= 1000 1 = 1000 gram

Number of moles of water = = 55.5

Sol. We know that

M = Molecular mass of Na 2CO 3 in grams =106

V =Volume of solution in litres = = 0.25

This means that total molal conc. of all particles is 0.2.

0.087 = (0.08 _ x) x x = 0.2

Sol. H 2SO 4 is 95% by volume

\ Moles of H 2SO 4 = , and weight of solution = 100 1.98 = 198 g

Hence molality of H 2SO 4 solution is 9.412

Volume of solution = 100ml

wt. of water = 184 _ 93 = 91 gm

Sol. Wt . of CH 3COOH dissolved = 5g

Eq. of CH 3COOH dissolved =

Volume of ethanol = 1 litre = 1000ml.

\ Weight of ethanol = 1000 0.789 = 789g

(C) 0.25 M, 0.25 N (D) 0.025 M, 0.0025 N

Sol. Wt. of NaOH dissolved = 0.5 gm

Vol. of NaOH solution = 500 ml

0.5 g of NaOH = moles of NaOH

[Q Mol. wt of NaOH = 40]

Thus 500 ml of the solution contain NaOH = 0.0125 moles

\ 1000 ml of the solution contain

Hence molarity of the solution = 0.025 M

Eq. wt. of NaOH = Mol. wt. of NaOH = 40

\ 0.5 gm of NaOH = gm equivalents = 0.0125 gm equivalents

Thus 500 ml of the solution contain NaOH = 0.0125 gm equ.

\ 1000 ml of the solution contain

Hence normality of the solution = 0.025 N

Sol. Wt. of solute (urea) dissolved = 3.0 gm

Wt. of the solvent (water) = 250 gm

Mol. wt. of the solute = 60

3.0 gm of the solute = moles = 0.05 moles

Thus 250 gm of the solvent contain = 0.05 moles of solute

\ 1000 gm of the solvent contain = = 0.2 moles

Hence molality of the solution = 0.2 m

\ Molality = 1000 = 0.2 m

Calculation of mole fraction

3.0 gm of solute = 3/60 moles = 0.05 moles

250 gm of water = moles = 13.94 moles

\ Mole fraction of the solute

Sol. Since 18 g of water = 1 mole

25 g of water = = 1.38 mole

Similarly, 46 g of ethanol = 1 mole

25 g of ethanol = = 0.55 moles

Again, 60 g of acetic acid = 1 mole

50 g of acetic acid = = 0.83 mole

\ Mole fraction of water

Similarly, Mole fraction of ethanol

Mole fraction of acetic acid

(A) 30% (B) 50% (C) 70% (D) 75%

Sol. Total mass of solution = (15 35) gram = 50 gram