THE LANGUAGE SCIENCE

-
By: Maqsood Hasni
Presented by
H. E. Prof. Sufi Niamat Ali Murtazaee
Free Abuzar Barqi Kutabkhana
July 2017
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01- Preface
02- No language remains in one state
03- The common compound sounds of language
04- The identical sounds used in Urdu
05- Some compound sounds in Urdu
06- Compound sounds in Urdu (2)
07- The Idiomatic association of Urdu
and English
08- The exchange of sounds in
some vernacular languages
09- The effects of Persian on Modern Sindhi
10- The similar rules of making plurals
in indigenous and foreign languages
11- The common compounds of indigenous
and foreign languages
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12- The trend of dropping or adding sounds
13- The languages are in fact the result
of sounds
14- Urdu and Japanese sounds similarities
15- Other languages have a natural link with
Japaneses sounds

3
Preface

Money, woman and land have made man selfish and

materialist. Man has been divided socially by social
chiefs, religiously by the cacique of religions, politically
by the political pundits, linguistically by the so called
language researchers, and with respect to land by the
landlords, and this process is not new but centuries old.
Man has been being divided for centuries. In spite of
having the same nature, needs and necessities, he is not
close to other human beings. This situation exists in the
present advanced age with the old intensity. With
respect to the above mentioned facts, he is not hesitant
in shedding blood of other men.
We can not deny the scientific and industrial progress
made in the present era. This progress proved helpful in
the welfare and success of man. Despite all this
progress, if man is not brought close to other human
4
beings, every proclamation of progress will be
meaningless. Development every kind stands worthless
and purposeless. The need of time is that man should be
brought near to other man. They may understand one
and others sorrows and lend a helping hand in their hard
time; they may enjoy themselves with the happiness of
others.
It is my assertion, and I have also tested it on the anvil of
experiment, that languages and dialects are close to one
and other with respect to sounds and many other
characteristics. Men can be brought closer to one
another by searching out the similarities found in
languages.
The research data presented in the next pages has been
published in prominent periodicals and digests of Urdu in
Pakistan. It can also be sought out from different forums
on internet in Roman script. Professor Niamat Ali has
translated it into English with his best interest, love and
5
ability that can be viewed on different forums of internet
ie jalt, antimoon.com, thinkers. Talk, open2.net etc.
This work has not only been tested on experiment but a
lot of books have also been consulted before bringing it
on the media. Today the work is being presented before
you with a deep sense of mirth. I am also sure that the
linguistic researchers will play their role in propagating
this work for the best interest of unity of human being.

I would like to mention here Dr. Nassar Qurashi, Dr.

Najeeb Jamal, Dr. Hameed Yazdani, Dr. Sabir Aafaqi, Dr.
Mohammad Amin, Dr. Ghulam Shabir Rana, Prof Amjid Ali
Shakar, Prof Zahoor Ahamad Prof. Arshad Shahid and Dr.
Mohammad Abdulla Qazi who always appreciate and
encourage me for my efforts. Dr. Syed Moen-ur-Rehman
(late), Dr. Wafa Rashadi (late) and Dr. Baidil Hiderri
(late) can also be never forgotton by me. They had
expressed their love appreciation and kindness for me
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throughout their life. May Allah bless them every
moment? Prof. Niamat Ali helped me in translation. Prof.
Younis Hassan lent me a hand in searching out research
material.
On a personal level, my son, Dr. Syed Kanwar Abbas,
inspite of his severe shortage of time stood by me at
every step. My lovely daughter Irha Maqsood prayed
heart and soul for my success. Last but not the least, my
sweet heart, Razia Maqsood Hasni provided me congenial
and pleasant atmosphere throughout my research. It is
not possible for me to thank my family who made
sacrifices while I was on my table.

Maqsood Hasni

7
 NO LANGUAGE REMAIN IN ONE STATE

It is commonly said that the language has no many

structural dimensions. The determination of alphabet
with respect to writing (Composing) is not correct. The
writing that is taught abides by fixed and limited lines or
rules. But sometimes, it becomes impossible to follow
the lines or rules as a whole. For example, a soldier is
passed through the full training of military rules verbally
and practically with the With respect to the construction
and formation of alphabet, it is expectation that using
these rules he would fight against enemy and save
himself. But there is nothing as foolish as this thing is. No
doubt, all the rules learnt in the training would help in
fighting strategy but they cannot guarantee success. In
the battlefield a soldier has to do his task according to
chance and condition of the battle field.
The case of languages is not different from it. The learnt
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linguistic system and the way of writing are cooperative
in writing and speaking. While speaking, the proposed
linguistic system and the way of writing become
worthless and meaningless. Here only the regular idiom
is used and along with it, the present need is kept under
consideration. I very keenly tested and studied a lot of
hand writings written with hand, checked them according
to the suggested and fixed lines. But the letters did not
remain limited to any rule. A,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j,k,m,n,o,p,q,r,t,y
followed no system of lines. The same condition can be
seen with the languages of Sub-continent. Arabic and
Persian are also not exceptions.
In English, some letters didnt give the same sound e.g.,
but, put, university, umbrella, is, seen etc. In many other
languages the condition is the same.
In different passions and conditions, the sound of letters
change. Or they become quite different from each other.
In these passions and conditions, the instruments of
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sound and the helping instruments of sound e.g. throat,
palate, checks, nose, tongue, mouth, bronchitis, lungs
dont remain in their exact position because they ever
possess the capacity of shirking and stretching. In order
to clear the matter, it seems necessary to offer a few
situations and conditions:

A
1- In rage the sound become heavy
2- In grief the sound becomes feeble and weak
3- In anxiety the sound becomes deranged and
unbalanced
4- In illness the sound breaks
5- When there is some matter with the mind, tone
and pronunciation are changed because some passion
is related with each matter
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B
1- Usual and good mood, the sound remains balanced
2- While lying in usual and good mood, the sound
expends. While taking a turn, the sound shrinks.
Such changes can be guessed with an extreme
consideration.
3- Some people are habitual of speaking while sleeping.
Their talks are usually not understood. Its reason
is that the position of instruments of speaking is
changed. Secondly, in the absence of conscious effort,
arrangement of words, the stressing and non-stressing
of syllabi dont remain under the accepted system of
grammar.
C
1- While walking, sound makes a circle and the addition of
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N
is made to the words/sounds
2- While running the sound disperses
3- In running, leaping with rage the sound not only
depresses
but also divided into odorless pieces
4- In running and leaping with joy, the function of nostrils
increases
D
1- Distance and opposite direction make the sound
unclear
2- The change of direction disturbs the balance of the
sound and many forms of dispersion are created
4- In anger or in joy the tone and pronunciation are
changed

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5- Tone and pronunciation are also changed by speaking
briskly
E
1- The system of sounds is affected because of some
disability in the organs and helping organs of sound
2- The diseases of organs of sound or their helpers
(Asthma, Bronchitis, the berating problem, Tuberculosis,
Phenomena, goiter, nose bones abnormal etc) effect the
system
of sounds. In other words, new letters are created
3- The absence of all or at least the front 2 teeth
changes the sounds
F
The organs of speech or their helpers develop and adjust
themselves according to the physical condition or a
region, its climate, etc. In this way, languages are
deprived of many sounds of foreign languages.
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Therefore, while speaking foreign languages, their
original tone and pronunciation are not maintained.
Generally the difference of gender is also not sustained.
In short, there are a lot of things and matters that dont
let a system remain in its formal or general or learnt
discipline. There is a distance of heaven and earth
between theory and practical.
In any big culture, thousands of mini-cultures are
thriving in their circles with full independence. The
difference exists in the temperament and needs of
nations. This difference casts its effects on the original
or real things. It is in no way useful to achieve results by
ignoring the differences.

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Comments

As a studied linguist, I can only congratulate you for this

interesting piece of writing. Yes, there are some spelling
and syntax mistakes but it is all quite comprehensive and
well explained. I would like to suggest some Search
Terms for you although I am afraid not too many people
share our interest in the inner workings of language.
This could easily become a dissertation by the way. I
thought you were going to elaborate on how language
fluctuates and changes and was very pleasantly
surprised. Thank you very much for this original piece of
thinking. The Search Terms: Syntax, Variation, Meaning,
Content, Sound, Theory, Linguistics, Language, Speech,
Structure, Written Language, Spoken Language.
Reply 3 minutes ago
Susanne Seiler

15
 THE COMMOM COMPOUND SOUNDS OF LANGUAGES

The alphabets of languages are fixed words are formed

of deformed with respect to these alphabets. Words are
used according to the need of point of view. With the
change of point of view, the use and meanings of words
are also changed. With the change of times and
conditions, uses and meanings of words are also
changed, so much so that their forms are changed even
in their own language this matter is not limited to the
words of a language. The immigrant words also face the
same situation, they fail to sustain their original forms
and meanings Zindgi is called Jindgi in Maivat. In
Urdu, we say Tambakoo, while in Punjabi it is
Tamakoo, while in Japani, it is Tabakoo. These are
the change of forms; meanings are sustained. Countless
examples exit of the change with references to forms
and meanings. This case is not limited only to some
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languages. No language is exception to it. As the world
comes closer, the action of the changes of forms and
meanings will take place with the same proportion.
Discussion is not required here with reference to this
point. This matter will be discussed in some other article.
At present, the compound sounds of languages are the
topic of our dissuasion.
For easiness in expression, languages make use of
compound sounds. These compound sounds are, in fact,
part of their stock of sounds. Without these compound
sounds, the matter of expression remains at loss to get
extension. These compound sounds are not limited to any
one language. Along with their original sounds, these
languages make use of compound sounds with respect to
their own linguistics setup. These compound sounds,
unlike the original sounds, are not limited. Nor any
regular list can be prepared of these sounds.
If the list of compound sounds is prepared, their number
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would reach hundreds. Some compound sounds make up
the deficieney of basic sounds. Thus these compound
sounds save expression from any still condition that may
occur for luck of basic sounds. With reference to this
point, the need of preparing a list of compound sounds
cannot be ignored/neglected. I could not complete my
work in this chapter. But a humble effort has been made
(to advance) in this direction.
I have discussed the linguistic communality of languages
with refrence to sounds. I have not included Chinese in
this chapter. Chinese is the greatest language of the
world. And it is the severe need of the present times to
work on chimish with respect to the common compund
sounds of the other languages of the wold. In this article,
examples have been mentioned with reference to the 36
common compund sounds:-
At, ur, ac / ic / ik / iq, ter, che, chi, ti, di, ion, ra, rda, ee,
ba, t, ti, jin, gin, ji, ri, rdi, za, ai, sa, si, tion, ga, gi, ki, la, li,
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ng, na, ni, i/y, ya.
Urdu has more than sixty basic sounds. It is devoid of the
hundreds of compound sounds relating to the other
languages of the world. Urdu is the second greater
language of the world and a large number of nations,
group cares, sects, etc. are making it the source of
expression throughout the world. It would be a very
subtle and useful service of mankind to search out
common compound sounds of the world by using Urdu as
the base. It is my personal opinion that it would not be a
wrong opinion that it would not be a wrong action to
declare the common compound sounds the basic stock of
languages. In this regard very excellent examples of
Chinese and Japanese are before us. In other words, it
would be easy to search out the linguistic communality of
the languages with these references.
Aat/at:
Urdu: Jamadaat, Havanaat, Nabataat
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English: favourite, manuscript
Punjabi: Pat, rath, zaat, sogaat
Rajhastani: Samaat
Bangla: Bhat/bhaat (rice)
Saraiki: Part (tray), sangat,
Gojri: Kahat, (Khat), chehat (jhati), kat
Hindi: Parbhat (morning), Bharat
Arabic: Saalat, Zakaat
Ar/ir/aar:
Urdu: Raftaar, Irtaka, sarkaar, sangaar
Brahvi: Kharwar (grain), Aranah
Punjabi: Bar, mar, Bazar,
Turkey: Birdaha (beer dah ha, once more)
English: Urgent, Urban
Rajhastani: Sukhban ka Bhartar, Artical
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Daya nir mun
Arabic Rab, Rajayoon, Arfa, Rafey, Naar (fire)
German: are adeur (fragrance) der gastgeber, (host)
Saraiki: Oraib (awry), Raab, Andhayara wisarna
Pushto: Aazaridal (grieved), Aarzaidal (cheap)
Persian: Sangsaar (stone to death), Sarij (thief), Maar,
Ramz, Raaz, Her (hot),
French: ane adeur (fragrance), Janvier (January)
IC / Ik/Ac:
Urdu: Tarik, Mubarak, Samajic
Brahvi: Koonjak (water hen), phalak, (flower)
English: Organic, magic, tragic
Pushto: Chalak (clever)
Arbic Razaq, Khlaq, Malac
Tar / ter
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Urdu: Behtar, Kamter, Tars, Shatar, Shatranj
Persian: Dukhtar, Khatar, Akhtar
Punjabi: Sootar, Khatar, Chatar
English: Fighter, Master, Daughter, Salaghter
Pushto: Isteri, Mistery
Saraiki: Putter, Putri, Chitra
Gogri: Chitar,
Tarkay (by swimming)
Sindhi: Eeter
Hindi: Bhauter, Jamtar mantar
Bangali Estari
Cha:
Urud: Bagichah, Bailchah, Galeechah, chal
English: Charm, chalk
Turkey: Miinkiim, odugu Kadar cabuc mewm
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kewn ohl duo huh
Kah dahr cha book
(As soon as possible)
Punjabi: Sancha, Khancha, Pancha, ocha
Japani: Karey da oocha oonoo nadas
(He does not take tea)
Pushto Dacha
Pothohari Chanani
Saraeki Chalay
Gojri Char
Persian Chadar
Mevati Chader
Chi:
Urdu: Sandookchi, Bandookchi, Karachi
English: Patchy, tuchy
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Turkey: (chi) (my/ mine)
ci
Japani: Kun cheera (May the day pass in peace)
Hachi (eight)
Rajastani: Sanchi son lay aaj, Sanchi (true)
Choo, Chu
Urdu Choola, chuha, chuza
English Choose
Panjabi Chuwani, chucha, chunga, chuwa (rat)
Dogri Chachuwa
Pothohari Chichoo
Saraeki Choona
Gojri Choota
Persian Choob
De, Di, The
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Urdu: Baby, Shadi, Abadi, Didar
English: Peady, hardy
Turkey: Simdi (Shim dee) (now)
Punjabi: Band,(Maid-servant),Pandi,(carrier),
handi, Gawandi,sarandi
(Neighbour), Sarande, Khundi
Germany: der govdine (veil), Freude machen
(to please)
Saraiki: Choondi, (In Punjabi also use this sound)
Gojri: Thendi, Khundi, Mundi, Dandi
Io:
English: Vision, division, season
Persian: Mai, Maiah, Mijgaan, majdah
Ra:
Urdu: Piyara, Sahara, Hamara, Tumhara, Heera
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Brahvi: Juz namak or nij keh Maikarah, Kara
(Cultivate the land ave bitterly need
a piece of loaf/bread) Torah (loaf)
Punjabi: Para, Weera, Wehra, Kehra. (In Gojri also
use this sound)
Japani: Saryo Nara (Allah Hafiz, (Good-bye)
Karey kara (Those all men)
Arabic: Raas (head), Frash, Jorab (mozey)
Maivati: Rakhan (Rakhna)
Rajastani: Bhar laden ra oonth
Pushto: Raglay (come), Rasha (come), Jura (condition)
Ee/ai
Urdu: Eema, ejaad, larai, pitae
Punjabi: Gawai, Mahangai, Sikhai, qasae
Saraiki: Lagai (wife), Parai (Foreign)
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German: Das Gebiet (area). Plesen (Pilot)
English: Fry, apply
Gojri: Bahi, Sahi, Kahi
Pothohari: Charkhi, Takni, Apni
Japani: Ippai (one cup)
Ba:
Urdu: Bahar, bar, (weight), Bazar, Baja
Punjabi: Bazar, Bamni (a worm), bhaar
English: Ball, balm
Japani: Kun Ban wa (Good night)
Bain Kyoshi Takeray ba
To speak Japani is necessary),
Tabakoo
Persian: Ba (with) ba murad, ba hawala
Arabic: Misbah (lamp), Loban,
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Saraiki: Bara (air), Bankari, Bah (fire)
Maivati: Bang
Pushto: Bandey, bar (luggeage), Kharbar
Ti/Te/Ty:
Urdu: Jhati, Ghati, miti, dumbi seti
Baithic (A room to sit)
English: Duty, beauty,
Daramatic, poetic, gernetic phonetic
Beautiful, Dutiful, Teach
French: Uite
Punjabi: Khoti, Soti, roti, totti, toti
Brahvi: Roti, boti
Pothuhari Khaloti, langgoti
Gojri: Dharti, Chati

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Jin/ Gan:
Urdu: Darjin, Mazajin, Sajan
English: Hydrojen, Nitrogen
Punjabi: Sajjan
Germani: Frangen (to ask), Frangan (To start)
Hindi: Bhogan
Persian: Dargen
Japani: Kun Jun (soldier)
Urdu: Sahagan
English: begun, slogan
Punjabi: Jogan
Saraiki: Ogan, Jagan, Hagan
Ji
Urdu: Samaji, haji, paji
English: Strategy, Biology, idealogy
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Saraiki: Bhaji
Punjabi: Khoji, Poonji
Japani: Gi bi ki (dictionary)
Ri/Ry:
Urdu: Hamari, Tumhari, Pyari
English: Battery, history
Punjabi: Bhoori, Khari, Lari (bride), Mari,
Saraiki: Kawari Bhari, Choorri (cured hair)
French: Libre (free), crine
Ra:
Urdu: Pakora, Kulhara, tokra
English: Electra, spectra
Punjabi: Sara (burnt), Shora, Wehra
Saraiki: Bhara, (Toure), Phara (wooden palnk)

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Ri:
Urdu: Sari, Gari, Phalwari
English: Necessary, Compulsory
Punjabi: Mari, Tagri (strong)
Saraiki: Mari (palace), Kori (lier)
Wa
Urdu Hunawa, Wala, howa, kehwa
English Wall, warm, war
Pushto Wachooh
Punjabi Wari, warya
Saraeki Waat
Arabic Rawak
Persian Nawa
Za:
Urdu: Maza, Mirza, Riza
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Pothuhari: Pizar (Shoe)
Saraiki: Zahir (evident)
Japani: Sorey dazshi (Is that a periodicle)
English: Bonanza, Stanza
Persian: Azar, Khazan
Arabic: Zaz yakh
Pushto: Saza (punishment), Darza
Zi:
Urdu : Pozi, Ferozi
English: Nazi, fantasy
Brahvi: Gazi
Turkey: Sizi as kadazimlataiz tivaiym.
Germani: die breise (separation)
Sa:
Urdu: Sahin, Sadgi, Samaan, Samde
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English: Saw, Sance
Brahvi: Kadar Kumak, Nusha hna
(may nature protect you)
Punjabi: Sang (disguise), Sancha
Rajustani: Saga, sarey, sagey
Saraiki: Saen
Arabic: Hasa (Enening)
Persian: Sariq
French: le Samedi (week)
Maivati: Sanjh, Saro, Sath
Pushto: Aisa pasha (wait)
Chup o sa (be silent)
Gojri: Saran (all, whole)
Si: (Two sounds zay and see)
Urdu: Sunyasi, Piyasi, odasi, pardaysi
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English: Agency, policy, democracy
Brahvi: Si (thirty)
Rajastani: Many to esi hyasi
French: Une accent (tone)
Germani: de franjose (French)
Maivati: sisi (bottle)
Shun:
Urdu: Roshan
Hindi Darshan
Persian: Gulshan
English: Action, nation, promotion
Japani: Shan Dashta (Earthquake came)
Germani: die koongugation
die komission (committee)
French: Une of fection (love)
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Gay:
Urdu: Dhargay, Bhagay
English: Game, gay
Punjabi: Bugay, Thagay
Rajastani: Sagay, Lagay
Ja
Urdu Baja
English Jaw
Punjabi Jai, waja, Manja
Pothohari: Jawanh
Saraeki Waja
Gojri Sujha
Arabic Fanja
Persian Jaam
Jo
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Urdu Jolani, Jowani, jogno
English Joke
Pushto Najorah
Punjabi Joga (Same in Saraeki and Gojri)
Pothohari Jor
Arbic Jowaf
Persian Jo
Joo, Ju
Urdu Jutha, Jangjoo
English Jupiter
Pushto Rowajuna
Punjabi Juthay
Pothohar Joora
Saraeki Hunju
Gojri Jooh
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Arbic Joraab
Persian Joo
Gi:
Urdu: Saadgi, pakizgi, tazgi
English: Geaser, give
Punjabi: Changi, Sargi, Waji, Lagi
Rajastani: Mun ki lagi Bhujaey
Maivati: Jindgi (life)
Saraiki: Jogi, Rangi (coloured)
Ki:
Urdu: Barki, Silki, Harki
Punjabi Tharki
English: Stochiometry
Turki: Kiani (Keyme) (of some body)
Japani: Ogeen ki day, Datashi waga kawa eeki mas
37
(We go to school)
Brahvi: Shareeki-e-mal un bemali
Sa shray. (The combine a property
is very bad).
Germani: des Best oke (Knife, spoon)
Saraiki: Bharki (flame), Makki, sakki
Rajastani: Lay balam ki baat suni
Pothohari Miki
La:
Urdu: Laobali, Lajawaab, Lazwal, shola
Brahvi: Lari (Motor, bus)
Punjabi: Baila, thaila, maila
Saraiki: Otala (confusion), Agla, Pehla
Arabic: Laraiba, Laalaha
French: Iola
38
Persian Lala
Li:
Urdu: Pamali, Rakhwali, Sali
English: Friendly, lovely, excitedly
Punjabi: Sawali, Boli, Jhali, olli
Brahvi: Loli (lor)
Saraiki: Otali (hurry) khali, choli
Rajastani: Sooraj ke chupian pali
French: homme poli (a kind mand)
Je ne parte pas (I dont speak)
Turki: Tebrikler (Tabrecklehr)
Lo/Loo
Urdu Kuch tu bolo, Pura tolo,Tarkhalogy
Aaloo, kachaloo, bhaloo
English Biology, pithalogy
39
Punjabi Lolo, Loon Tamaloo, pataloo
Ng:
Urdu: Tang, Jang, Tarang, palang
English: Bouling, Thinking, Boating
Brahvi: Fiker utay sabak kining
Dagmatey jaderifinka
(Grief and worries destroy life)
Punjabi: Bang, Mung, tang, khang
Rajastani: Plang pe sutti jaey
Saraiki: Patang (Muth), Jaang (arm) Jang (thigh)
Persian: Gung (bumb) sang (stone)
Hindi Sangni (sathi,bivi, mahboba)
Na:
Urdu: Rona, sona, khana, nabhana, namaz
English: Banana
40
Punjabi: Namana, wanjana, lana, sarana
Saraiki: Lagana
Japani: Sayo nara (adieu)
Persian: Natawani, Nasaaz, naz
Arabic: Nar (Fire), Rabbana (Ay meray Rab)
Rajustani: Na Dhulat roey
Maivati: Mojoodnaha
Ni:
Urdu: Purani, Suhani, Mashar-dani
English: Necessary
Japani: Koni din waga a aremas
Punjabi: Madhani, Jaithani, Rani
Persian: Garani, Seeni (tray)
Saraiki: Pani (charity)

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Ai, ay:
Urdu: Salai, Kurhai, Patai, larae
English: Apply, try, dry
Brahvi: Kupa, Jatai, Nadey
Punjabi: Laibhujai, Kamai, Piswai
Rajastani: Dooji Terya biah la ey
French: a peine
Ya:
Urdu: Borya, Soya, boya, mitaya
English: Yam, yaueght
Punjabi: Suhaya, Paraya
Saraiki: Angya
Rajastani: Dooji Terya biah la ey
Persian: Badban, Goyya
Arabic: Ya Nabi Allah, ya Allah (In Arabic Ya is used For calling)
42
 THE IDENTICAL SOUNDS USED IN URDU

Expression is related with the system of

organic/interrelated and strong sounds of a language.
Every sound gets attention or mans attention is
transferred to it or it is to get attention. The languages
that have not some sounds get their purpose fulfilled
through alternative or compound sounds. The flexibility
of a language is directly related to the organism, gravity
and strength of the system of sounds. The linguistics
flexibility widens the circles of expression.
Foreign words are adjusted so beautifully that they dont
seem foreign. Furthermore, when foreign words are
adjusted in a language, their meanings are also change.
No Arab, can accept Aasami as singular. Pailein, jugoon,
Aadvicsain or Aadviyzain etc. will not be accepted as
English words by any English man. Jandgi, moto, mazo,
hajoor etc. will not be recognized as Urdu words by Urdu
43
speakers. The Arab accepts hooras plural. Horain,
shoroon are no words for them. Taambakoo is not
unknown to the Urdu speakers. While in Punjabi, Tamako
and in Japani Tabakoo are spoken. In other words, lose
their real/original form. In new, other then language,
meanings are also changed.
Urdu contains more than sixty sounds in its stricpt.
Thats why Urdu is the most flexible language of the
world. It has adopted countless local as well as foreign
words by making proper changes in them according to
its own set up. Furthermore, in spite of so much
flexibility, it is a very easy task to learn Urdu. A slight
exercise of a few days does not cause of disappointment.
After learning it, a link can be established with a huge
population of the world.
In the follow following, sounds of Urdu are stated. Facility
and ease, the relevant examples of the sounds are also
written. Urdu has the capacity to absorb more than
44
stated sounds in it:
Alif ab, sarmaya, karmfarma
Bae Ball, tabiyat, habab, lab
Pae Pamal, tup, Alap
Tae Tabasam, ikhtayar refat
Tae Toot, Atal, Bant
Sae Sabat, Sawab, Waris
Jeem Janab, Ajnabi, jifa
Chae Church, charcha, charkh, kharch
Hai Hukam, hasan, Ahbab, jarah
Khaay Khabar, khatar, Akhwam, charkh
Dal dil, Dag, Adwar, Tadad
Zal Zikar, Zail, Zulafqar, Zakar
Ray Rubab, Azar, Kafir
Arry Jakra, Aaru
45
Zay Noroz, Zuban, Ajza
Dal Doll, dhol, Dalna
Yae Yalah, mejgaan, meya
Seen Sarab, khasta, piyas
Sheen Sharaab, sharaap, naqsha, jumbash
Suad Subh, saf, arsa, fursat
Zuad Zaeef, raza, raiz
Toen Talak, galat, khatar
Zoen Zalim, Haz, Ghaliz
An Ishq, aeb, tayush, maloom
Gaen Galit, magfrat, pag, tagafil
Fay faraq, refah, fikar, farez
Kaf Kalm, taqaza, warq, niqaab, yaqeen
Kaf kamzoor, takabar, tazkeer,roak
Gaf Girya, pagla, sagar, rag
46
Laam lab, shola, wakeel
Meem Maihshar, umar, kadeem, kadamat
Wa Wafa, waqfa, wajahat,warm, hawa
Hay Halaq, kushta, shagufta, sada
Humza kisa-e-parina, julwa-e-gul, ja-e-pana
Ye Sadiqi, masiha, yakeen
Ye Kahey, laway, khaye,jaay
Bhay Bhool, bhaay, bhala, bhula bhutka
Phay Phool, phawar, phir, phula
Thay Thaal, thana, thum, thak
Thay Thala, thath, thakar
Jhay Jogh, jharoka, jhar, jehangar
Shay Poosh, ushal, kush, shalka
Dhay Dhool, dhamaka, dhamal, dhoka
Dhay Dhal, dhanp, dhool
47
Rh Doorha, darhi, bhuri
Khay Khula, khiaal, khana
Ghay Ghayo, ghaeal, ghe, ghata
Zabar Hal, Zalim, Sakoon, salam, lazat, khalwat
Zeir Aalim, zamana, jumbi, Sabit
Ay In the form relativity zeir gives the sound of
ye. For example:
Hal-e-dil, Nisha-e-ulfat, Ja-e-pana
Pash Ustaad, uthna, boot, suljhao, uljhao
Jazam Naksh, shab, shabab, habab
Shad Aayam, lazzat, muhabat
Mud Aazmaish, Aaya, Aaluda
Tanween Foran, jabran, Aadtan, jawaban, mazajan
Khari zabar Aadna, Aala, dawa
Khari zeir Gayanahi, nafsayhi, moshubabayhi
48
Aadgam bilgunna. The combination of noon and meem e.g.
Umber, Dumbala, dumba, tambu
In murakab-e-utfi wao creates the sound of uoo:
shab-o-rooz, jah-o-jalal, ezzat-ehtram, sabar-o-shakir
Some compound sounds produce one sound i.e. aur, Aalif
and wao have changed into an.

49
 SOME COMPOUND SOUNDS IN URDU

Languages make their native words with their own

sounds. But they use compound sounds to pronounce
some foreign words that cant be spoken in single native
sounds. Though these compounds are not basic, even
then they have a great importance, and their need cant
be ignored. These compound sounds remove the solstice
of expression of any type. We take Urdu that has more
than sixty sounds of its own. No other language enjoys
itself with so many sounds. Its some native sounds are
expressed by compound sounds by some other local and
foreign languages. For example, English uses ion for
zay-e-Farsi (ye), ch for chay, sh for shein. However the
use of parallel sounds is also very common. For example,
Arabic uses bay for pay. It is the behavior not only of
Arabic or English; other languages of the world are also
no exception behavior.
50
In addition to its basic sounds, Urdu has a lot of other
sounds. That is way a lot of words of other languages are
there in its vocabulary. Because of these sounds, an
Urdu speaking person can converse in ever
accent/intonation of the world. If there is some defect in
the implements of speaking, the compound sounds play
their role.
In this essay, compound sounds of Ursu are being
presented with their examples so that the etention and
capacity of Urdu may be realized very well:
O Olaad, lay aao, banao
Oo Oonch, oopar
A Abba, jata, aaendah
Aa Aag, aaya, aao,
E Ejaz

51
Ee Eeman, eema
Ann Goreaan, kalian
Vain Aavain, javain
Aain has the same sounds
Ba Baja, baji, bahar
Bay Harbay, baynamaaz, baychai,
dhabay
Bi Gulabi, sharabi, faraybi
Bo Bolo, bonn, bojh
Boo Kushboo, baadboo
Boon Sharaboon, hajaboon
Bar Brabr, sabar, barbad
Ber Berya, berha
Pa Paband, pakhand, pamaal
Par Part, parbat, param aatma
52
Pay Darpay, mapay, seyapay
Pi Koppi, Lippi, seppi
Po poda, pon,
Poo Pooja, poonji, poora
Ta Juta, bota, khota, mota
Tar Akhtar, Fatar
Tay Jatay, aatay, khatay, sotay
Ti Jati, aati, piti, karti
Tuo Toujah, tuorano
Toon Batoon, ghatoon, ptoon
Sa Sani, saliss, saqeb
Si Warsi
Sir Sirka, kosir
Ta Sannat, gota, ghota, khota
Tay Ghatay, kharatay, sanatay
53
Tar Tamatar
Ti Ghati, roti, chati, baanti
To Tota
Toon Jatoon, ghatoon
Toein has the same sounds
Ja Jala, jaga, jadoo, Khawajah
Jar Gajar
Jo Jowaz, joya, jolaan
Joon Joota, Justajoo, joon ka toon
Ji Samaji, Baji, haji
Jay Maharajay, Bjay, khawajay
Cha Kharcha, chacha, baghicha,
nicha, oncha
Cho Chola, choola
Choo Chooha, choohan drechoon
54
Chi Bawarchi, Sandooqci, chahi
Chay Charchay, kharchay
Char Charcha, charkha, charba,
Charwaha
Ha Haji, Hakam, hajat, hajab, halat
Haan Khahaan
Har Harkat, harart
Hoo Hoor
Kha Khami, khatar
Khi Charkhi
Khay Patakhay
Kho Kushboo, Khoon
Khoo Khoob, khoogar
Khoon Shakoon
Khar Kharaab, Khach
55
Da Daad, Dada, Khoda soda
Day Eraday, Poday
Di Dadi, Barbadi, Shadi
Do Door, dugna
Doon Shahidoon, ommedoon
Dar Darbaar, darhaqeqat, darasal,
Darmeyan
Da Daci, dar, dakoo
Day Budday
Di Dadi, Chadi, buddi
Doo Dool
Doon Doong
Dar Darba, gidar
Ra Pora, hamara, tumhara
Ray Bicharay, saray, piyaray
56
Ri Sari, hamari, khari, niyari
Ro Rona, roka, rowaj, rovaeya
Roo Roop, robaroo
Roon Pokaroon, sonyaroon
Raan Doraan, bashiraan, shabiraan,
Za Taza, maza, piyaza
Zay Tazay, kharboozay, chooazy
Zi Tazi, piyazi naazi, razi
Zoo Tarazoo, bazoo
Os Ostara, ostaad
Zawaad and zoein have the same sounds
Es Essam
Sa Piyasa, saas
Say Piyasay, dalasay, khisay
Si Siyasi, piyasi, shanasi
57
So Soach, soog
Soo Sooja, soojana, sooraj
Soon Barsoon, parsoon
Saan Insaan, aasaan
Sur Soraab
Sha Tamasha, Shabash, shaker, sharm
Shay Tamashay, bitashay
Shi Khushi
Sho Shokat, shosha
Shoo Shoom
Shoon Pishoon
Shaan Parrayshaan
Shar Sharbat
Shan Roshan
Sawaad has the same sounds
58
Fa Fatar, faqa, falaj
Fay Taefay
Fi Kafi
Fo Foqeat, fooq, foaj, fowara
Foon Waqfoon
Far Kafar, lofar, farmaesh
Qa Burqa
Qay Warqay, sadkay
Qi Harki, barqi
Qar Qarza
Qur Qurq
Qoo Qoowat
Qoon Ahmaqoon
Ka Larka, karka, dhamaka
Kay Larkay
59
Ki Larki
Ko Koela
Koo Koonj
Koon Sarkoon
Kaan Khoon chakaan
Kar Karara, karaya
Ga Gajar, gana, aagha
Gay Aagay
Gi Lagi, sargi
Go Gowah, guftagu
Goo Goonja
Gaan Miygaan, charagaan
Gar Gardan, Gardaab
Gir Girya, girja
La Lala, Pala, layaeni
60
Lay Piyalay, salay
Li Piyali, Wali, sahali
Lo Lok, aalocha
Loo Loomar, looch
Loon Baloon, khiyaloon
Lar Jhalar, kalar
Ma Majad, Mali, malik
May Surmay, soormay
Mi Mami, mummi
Mo Mota
Moo Moong, moo, moonas, moonga
Moon Mamoon
Mar Maraba, markaz
Na Marna, Jina, soona, khana, pina
Nay Sarhanay, poranay, othanay
61
Ni Purani, Pani, saani
No Nokar, nobahaar
Noon Kirnoon, dewanoon, parwanoon
Nar Narm
Wa Hawa, howa, hawas
Way Jaway, khaway laway
Wi Girwi, taqwi
Won Ghahakoon
Ha Hakam, hoha, haan
Hay Kahay, gahay
Hi Rahi, sahi, tabahi
Huw Huwa, hawas
Hoo Bahoo
Hoon Bahoon
Har Bahar
62
Ya Samaya, othaya, gaya
Yo Piyo, aayo, khayo
Yoo Yoohanna, yoon
Yair Dair sawair
Yia Bhayia
Yee Bhayee
Yay layay
Yio Sanayio
Bha Bhabi
Bhi Abhi, gobhi
Bhoo Bhookay
Bhoon Bhoon
Pha Phaopha
Phi Phoophi
Phoo Phoolo
63
Tha Thali
Thay Mathay, hathay
Thi Hathi
Thoo Bathoo
Thoon Hathoon
Tha Thakar
Thay Parathay
Thi Kathi
Thar Tharak
Jha Jhalar, Jharoo
Jhay Sanjhay
Jhoo Jhoomar, jhoola
Cha Chach
Chay Achay
Choo Chookri
64
Dha Radha, Aadha,sadha
Dhay Aadhay, Kandhay
Dhi Aadhi
Dho Dhoka
Dhar Edhar, Odhar, kidhar
Dha Dhal, dhak
Dhay Budhay
Dhi Budhi
Dho Dhool

65
 COMPOUND SOUND OF URDU (2)

To learn about any language and to get mastery over it, it

is necessary to get awareness about its singular and
compound sounds. It becomes easy to express ones
thoughts about some affairs by learning some sentences
but it is not sufficient to get mastery over the language
or to become the native of that language. Apparently it is
difficult to get awareness about the sounds. It is not as
difficult as it seems. Countless sounds of a language
have resemblance with sounds of other languages.
Difference can be seen only in the structure of words.
Then the grammatical set-up is also different. In spite of
that, the importance of sounds in language exists.
Urdu has more than sixty singular sounds whereas the
compound sounds are also not less than sixty. These
compound sounds exist in a lot of languages of the world
with respect to different references. After a little
66
consideration, or after a little experience of these
languages, we get an intense sense of similarity or
virility. I am stating some compound sounds of Urdu in
this writing so that the evident difficulty and isolation/
strangeness may come to an end. It will help to learn
Urdu language:
Sound Urdu English
Ra and Ni Barahay meharbani Please
Sahara Sport
Na Dil dharkna Heart beating
Khana Food, meal
Ni Pani Water
Kho-kha Khowaish Desire
La Kala Black
Ma Mama Brother of mother
Marna to beat
67
Mi Sowami H/E
Ri Hamari Our
Ba Baba Old man
Bawafa Faithful
Ta Jata to go
Taya elder brother of father
Ka Lurka Boy
Hee Sepahee Policeman
Sa Peyasa Thirsty
Sagar Wine drinking pot
Cha chacha Little brother of father
Ki Burki Electronic
Saki Who serve wine
Ian Hurain Ladies of haven
Da Parda Vail, wall
68
Ha Chaha Wanted, desired, loved
Ra Razi Agree
Pa Dhampa Covered
Za Maza Taste
Ya Soya Slept
Derya River
Do Dost Friend
Some sentences
Urdu English Japanese
Khuda hafiz ( Da) Goodbye Sayonara
Maf kurna (Ma) Sorry Somemaseen
Khush amdeed (Khu) Welcome Irashaemasay
Kesay hain? (say) How are you? Ogain ki das ka?
Sepahee (Shee) Soldier Gunjin
Main Larka hoon (La) I am a boy Datashe waotoko des
69
Hum talib-e- elam hain. (Ta) We are student Data she
waga ko say des
Kon hay? ( Hai) Who is? Daray deska?
Main aur tum (Mai) I and you Data she to anta
Kitab aur akhbar (Ka,Ba 0 Book an newspaper Hunto shin
Bun
Ye merey katab hay (Me, Ta) This is my book Kory tashe
nohun des
Wo lumba admi hay (Mi) That is a tall man Ano
katadatakaee des
Asman neela hay (Nee) Sky is blue Sora da aee des

70
 THE IDIOMATIC ASSOCIATION OF URDU AND ENGLISH

The natives of a languages use idioms in their speaking

according to their literal and stylish needs. Or what they
write or speak is called idiomatic. But attention is not
paid in the direction that their idiom or written things do
not get importance and meaningfulness without public
acceptance. Not only this, even general popularity does
not become the lot of such idioms or written things. Such
an idioms are only the beauty of books. In fact, idiom
provided by the native Scholars of a language becomes
popular in public as it is or changed form according to
the temperament, likes and dislike, trends and common
use of the people.
It is happens too that the common use/daily use of the
natives becomes an idiom for the public. It also happens
that an idiom provided by the public flourishes among the
natives with all its literal and stylish charms. And then it
71
returns to the public with new manners or the literal
touch to become a need.
It is absolutely incorrect that something stand by the
natives is the final or nothing is correct besides or is
nothing in itself. The ability and literal dimensions of the
natives have their own importance. What they say has
the literal authenticity. But all this has not importance
unless public popularity is not achieved. Their idiom does
not get more importance than that of literal
embellishment. Though it is considered related with
rhetoric by the natives, yet it falls into the category
alienation. The word Kulfi (Kufli) though is incorrect, yet
it has its identity in masses with all is references. The
word Tabaydar meaning tabay farman is absolutely
opposite in its mean Zimada, is often heard Zumaywar.
This matter is not limited to the languages and dialects of
the Subcontinent. This behavior has not been provided by
the language Scholars. However they cannot remain
72
isolated from it. Asami, Ahwal, Aoquat, Hoor etc., are
used singulars. Hooraan, Kabraan, Votraan, Spotraan,etc
are not incorrect among the Urdu speakers. While it is
the Punjabi way of speaking. The interfusion of
indigenous sounds into foreign or migrated words or the
use of foreign or migrated words according to public
trends is a common thing.
The change of place, no doubt, affects human behavior,
temperament and trend. In spite of this fact, man has
been very close to other man with respect to
temperament in countless matters. This matter can be
judged though the link present in their language. The
most delicate matter is related with idioms. Though the
dissection of the culture of words, the association of
temperament of human beings can be easily searched.
Countless idioms have been used in languages without
any change. The similarity of idioms shows that mutuality
is found in mans a lot of affairs, trends, attitudes,
73
preferences and need of various kinds. It is incorrect to
relate the matter of human division to the apparent
distance of languages.
Chinese is the most spoken language of the world of
today. Urdu is the second great language of the world,
but with respect to its singular and compound sounds,
flexibility, its the most important and subtle language of
the world. On the contrary, English cannot be neglected
because of its present reign. Nor can we breathe a sigh
of relief without it. Some intellectuals think that
development is not possible without it. After all these
three languages are the most important languages of the
world. I am describing some common idioms of Urdu and
English so that the matter may become clear that in spite
of distance, man is very close to man:
Seyah-o-sofaid Black and white
Alif say yay tak Alpha and omega
Staroon ki gurdish (qismat ka mara) Sitar crossed
74
Ankh ka tara Pupil of ones eyes
Roze-e-roshun ki tara ayaan As a broad day light
Jahannum main jao Go to hell
Magarmuch kay Aansoo Crocodile teas
Kali beher Black sheep
Sofaid hathi a white elephant
Gadaha banana to make some one an ass
Ongliaan jala behthana to burn ones finger
Aahmokoon ki gannat a fools paradise
Barbaad hona/Bhar main jao Go to dog
War bhanday vich (bazari mahavra) Go to the pot
Ankh oghal pahar oghal Out of sight out of mind
Jo gurgtay hain woh barstay nahain Barking dogs seldom
bite

75
 THE EFFECTS OF PERSIAN ON MODERN SINDHI

Here, the discussion often occurs with respect to the

circle of expression and lines concerned with the
learning of a language with reference to one or two
dimensions. In this regard, my point of view is that
languages have never been limited. Learning is a
separate affair while speaking and writing are absolutely
different from it. Languages cant be kept within specific
circles. They depend upon man. Man does not depend on
them. They have to stand by the conditions and the
changing trends and behaviors of a man. In learning a
language, the system of lines has to be followed, no
doubt. While during writing and speaking, the system of
lines does not remain intact. English is especially noticed
with this respect. There is, no doubt, that I am not an
English teacher. But I strongly oppose the negative
behavior towards English with respect to my links.
76
Accidents; changing natures of affairs; variable
situations; earthly and heavenly calamities; social,
culture and economical needs dont let a present thing
stand on its own feet. It is impossible for anything to
exist in itself for ever. The structure and meanings of
things change. The Sub-continent has ever been destined
to changes of various kinds. We dont go far; since the
Partition, a lot of things have changed. Not only things
but traditions have also changed. The ways of thinking
and realizing have also changed. Even now there is the
rag of English Language. To speak English or to use
English words in conversation and writing is considered
a respected conduct and manner even today. Even the
imaginings of what the English people did with Farsi
(Persian) makes soul shudder. However it is not
unnatural nor can it be called unjust because ever
conqueror does the same and should do. Misfortune,
77
Helplessness and curses become the fate of the nations
who fall a prey to dispersion and inactivity. It is, in fact,
the justice of Time and History.
In spite of the above mentioned facts, this truth is not
devoid of truth that Farsi prevails over many languages
of the Sub-continent. Countless Farsi words are used in
the vocabulary of languages in one or the other forms.
They cannot run their business without them. Gazal has
ever kept English at arms length.
Compounds and arrangements of words are ever the
soul of poetic language. Countless compounds and
arrangements occur in the languages of the
Sub-continent according to their moods, linguistic
system and grammatical pattern. No notion of their being
foreign passes through in minds. For the support of my
point of view, I am quoting some examples from the
modern Sindhi and modern and old Farsi:

78
Mazharay sidq-o-safa tajdar hal aae tovi
(Mohammad Iqbal Jaskani)
Varaq-e-Lala-o-gul Haraf-e-gham-e-ensan shud
(Dr. Aslam Ansari)
Qarar-o-khaab zay Hafiz Tama madar ay dost
(Hafiz Shirazi)
Ommeed-o-yas-o-hasrat je sahari tu jae
(Shakar)
Jetru-o-khosh raho, raho, yaro
(Riaz Ali Mohsan)
Masal-e-mah-e-neo kardi shakaet
(Saman Aziz)
Raqs-e-bimil hama ja dar nazram jalvagar asst
(Syed Javaad Mosvi)
Aazizam dedar-e-tu darad jan balab aamda
79
(Hafiz)
Ay dil-e-zar ko ba ko khoof na aahi
(Mohammad Amin Faheem)
Jaleel aahan sada marad-e-Khoda zinda
(Jaleel Sarvari)
Chu shab-e-tab-e- jalva parvana-e-dil
(Saman Aziz)
Her taraf aavaza-e-deen-e-mobeen
(Syed Nafees Khoarzmi)
Khanda-e-jam-e-meh-o-mah-e-neo shadeedem
(Hafiz)
Shonedam nala-e-jan sooz nay ra
(Hafiz)
Reshta-e-ulfat magar mazboot, mostahkam teeo
(Noor Jahan Shaheen)
80
Kitabyaat

1- Sehmahi Loh-e-Adab Hyderabad Jan. to March 2004

2- Sehmahi Lohe-adab Hyderabad July to Dec. 2003
3- Sehmahi Loh-e-adab Hyderabad April to Sept. 2005
4- Divan-e-Hafiz Sh. Ghulam Ali & Sons 1968
5- Sehmahi Danish Islaabad Shamara No, 84-85

81
 THE EXCHANGE OF SOUNDS IN SOME VERACULAR
LANGUAGES

Sounds are the basic media of the exposure of existence

of the order and organization of universal system,
separate distinction and identity, and the things and
beings existing in the universe. Natural combination of
sounds produces beauty, while unnatural causes
ugliness. While listening to sounds, we are trying to
understand the natural science of the universe. If it is
asserted that while listening to sounds, the element of
consciousness is extinct, it is absolutely wrong. If it is so,
we don't get awareness of the matter or intentionally
don't want to do so.
Words are composed under the influence of the nature
of sounds, according to situation and occasion,
according to need, etc., and become the media of
expression under the linguistic discipline of languages.
82
Every expression is linked with some or the other
consciousness. In this regard, it's not incorrect to
assert that to have interest in the science of sounds and
to make an individual effort to understand them is in fact,
strife to understand the universe. And that the
awareness of the science of sounds would help to realize
the mutual links existing among the things and beings
found in the universe.
Languages are adjusted to each other under natural
integrity. Some or the other link certainly exists among
them at some or the other level. This link or relation is
an argument of their being secular. In this regard,
human beings live very close to one another with respect
to their nature. The spectacular enmity, jealousy, hatred,
malice and greed among human beings are the result of
some unnatural order and organization, or the balance of
individual combination has gone awry.
Foreigners enter a state with their language and culture.
83
These two elements affect the linguistic system of that
state and they are also affected. Effects, in fact, mean to
accept the linguistic discipline and getting popularity
among all and sundry, they cannot get the status of
social acceptance.
If an English man is asked the meanings of tarublaat,
advasain, tenshanain, mumkanality, voteraan, sportraan
he will refuse to accept thesewords as English. An Arab
would never accept Hoor, Ahwal, Okaat, Asami etc, as
singular. He would not allow reading Zimma as Zumma.
The matter does not end here. The meanings and
linguistic structure of the immigrant words do not exist
in their original form. In other words, there is
coordination among sounds but their order and form
change according to earthly facts and needs. Change,
according to the new set up, becomes unavoidable even
though languages have the sound of the foreign words.
For the authenticity of my stand point, I write down the
84
foreign words in indigenous tongues with present
changes.
The question arises whether these words have lost their
scriptural and literal identity. It will be said only when
they cease to exist in any reference. A word and the
sounds related with it are connected with circle of
influence, circle of expression and new meanings. Their
original scriptural form exists but their meanings and
the manner of use are changed or their intonation
changes. It also so happens that they come with their
original sounds but their identity comes forth through
local reference after mixing with local words.
At present, this discussion is not required. Only a short
discussion is made with respect to the alternative
sounds of some of the native and immigrant words in
some vernaculars. In this context some words from
Punjabi, Pothuhari, Pushto, Brahvy, Rajustani, Saraiki,
Sindhi, and Maivati have been made the subject of
85
discussion.
In Brahvi, the substitute sound of Kaf is Khey:
Mulkalmot to Mulkhoot
Brahvi, Pushto and Gojri, Khey is used for Kaf:
Waqat to Wakhat
In Punjabi and Gojri Khey is used for Kaf
Bhuk to Bhuke.
Pay is also in routine use:
Bhuk is converted in to pukh.
The use of Pay for bay is also made:
Tube/toob to tup/toop, tob is also spoken.
In Maivati, Punjabi and Gujri pay is used for bay
Bhukh to Puhk.
Instead of sawad seen is used
Sahib to saab.
86
Seen for sawad ie
Khas for kass, honslo for hosla. Saaf say saap
There is a same situation in the Rajistani. Bhay is used
for bay:
Sabh for Sab.
The substitute sound for jeen is bay:
Balna for jalna
In Punjabi ray is converted into laam:
Professor is spoken professal.
In Gojri Punjabi Pothohari, and Dogri dhokha is spoken
thokha
Some more examples from Punjabi:
1- Jilad to jilat
2- Zima to zoma
3- Loha to loya, lonya
87
4- Amrood to amroot
5- Qudrat to Quzrat (also in saraeki)
6- Khedmat to khezmat (also in saraeki)
7- Paste to paysat
8- Koshesh to koshet
9- Gost to goshat
10- Pankha to punkha
11- Jaraab to Jalaab
12- Hajamat to hayamat

88
 THE SIMILAR RULES OF MAKING PLURALS IN INDIGIOUS
AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Aan:
Urdu
Galiaan kha kay baymaza na howa (Gali+aan) Ghalib
Pushto
Sata tarburan de (Tarbor+aan)
Punjabi
Jit tan lagi, so ee tan janay hoor gallaan karan sokhaliaan
(Gal+aan) Shah Hussain
Pothohari
Putraan naal mavaan na maan (Putar+aan) Shorash
Malik

89
Ragistani
Kaay koonjaan doo marwaay (Koonj+aan) Taj Qaemkhani
Saraeki
Darsen bin akhaan tarass reaan (Akh+aan, Re+aan)
Khaja Ghulam Fareed
Gojri
Ghamaan dardaan ko kahatay yae meray kool
(Gham+aan)
Sabar Aafaqi
Mivati
Mehkmaan main aap nay Ghana den nookari kari nakari
Punjabi Arabi
Mazloom+aan, zalam+aan
Farsi
Farzand+an, Charagh+aan
90
Punjabi Angrayzi
Tension+aan, advisaan, votraan, sportraan
Woon/oon
Urdu
Is balandi kay nisiboon main hai pasti eak den
(Neseeb+oon) Ghalib
Punjabi
Jay tok ranjha darass dekhaway, taan heer azaboon
chotay (Azaab+oon)
Shah Hssain
Woon Say kay maenoon main bhi aur shedat kay
maenoon main bhi
Pothohari
Ratein tareaan ni chaanwaan wich sonda lag kay dherti
91
naal (Chaan+waan)
Ragistani
Kah raatoon kalat (Raat+oon)
Saraeki
Rawaan kool mulh paanday paanday umraan laneaan
(Rah+oon)
SaleemAhsan
Mevati
Dil kay gonahoon say bachati noaj (Gonah+oon)
Urduaee Angrayzi Advise+oon, Tension+oon
Urduae Arabi
Kafar+oon, Zalem+oon
Ain, ein
Urdu
Qudrat-e-Haq say yahhi hoorain agar waam ho gaein
92
(Hoor+ain) Ghalib
Urduaee Angrayzi
Tensin+ain, hoorain, advasain
Saraeki
Akhain wich aaoon (Mahavra) Akh+ain
Pothohari
Mehraj bago bagein aaya (Bag+ein)
Arabic
Sabayq+ein, Shat+ein, Zalim+ein
Mevati
Jamatain
Yay
Urdu
Banain gay aur sitaray ab aasmaan kay liay (Sitrah+yay)
Ghalib
93
Punjabi
Meer, malik, padshah, shahzaday, jhalday nayzay wajday
wajay
(Shahzadah+yay) Shah Hussain
Pothohari
Sada dukh son kay chanaan roonday pathar paharaan
nay
Saraeki
Chitay kapray dekh malahoon kadaein nay kita paar
Gojri
Minna sat kay nikal jaay kO painday
Sabar Aafaqi

94
 THE COMMON COMPOUNDS OF THE INDIGIOUS AND
FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Marakbaat-e-Tosefe
Urdu
Roseya: Meh say gharaz-e-nashaat hai kis roseya ko
Ghalib
Thanda Makan: Aaway na kayoon pasand kah thanda
makan hai Ghalib
English
Sweat world, Kind deeds, kind heart, Good look and
Dream girl
Pushto
Bai'karvala

95
Punjabi
Sohni surat: Sohni surat dilbar wali, rae akhaan wich gal
Shah Hussain
Pothohari
Raat cheta: Raat cheta reshmi dopatta pae tanne Baqi
Sadiqi
Suchay moti, Jhutha maal
Suchay moti kisay na puchay vikya Jhutha maal Baqi
Sadqi
Japani
Naankae (Which destination),
Karay da hon tuni e tu das (Really he is a good man)
Rajistani
Barango taal, Moto sar

96
Saraeki
Kali raat: Tayday kajray de kali raat bhaway Sleem Ahsan
Mevati
Acho musalman, Bharo bhai, Ghana khayti bari
Marakbaat-e-Atfi
Urdu
Aur Who Faraaq aur woh vesaal kahaan Ghalib
Mein ghareeb aur tu ghareeb nawaz Ghalib
English
And Cow and goat, Vales and hills
Pushto
Oo Angrayzae oo hesaab
Daray lafafa oo saloor u sakatona
Punjabi
Tay Mein tay mera mahi, Ghora tay bakri, Kala tay cheta
97
Gojri
Tay Yah hi haqeqat sab toon bad kay dharti tay Ashman
maan hai
Sabar Aafaqi
Japani
Tu Datashi tu anta, Hon tu rash bun
Urdu
Kay Nashay Kay parday main hai
mahv-e-Tamasha-e-damagh Ghalib
Qaes tasveer kay parday main bhi uryaan nikla Ghalib
Punjabi
Day Babal day ghar daaj vehoni darbar poni kat
Shah Hussain
Pothohari
Day Par akhaan day nairay vass mahya Sadiq Naseem
98
Sindhi
Jo Omedon khaak, dil nalaan e dil jo gulestan weran,
Shakar Sumroo
Hie munjhi azam-e-ulfat jo assar aahi wagarna dost,
Shakar Sumroo
Saraeki
Day Ghar day deway vesam gay saray Haider Gardaizi
Akh day manzar mok vehnday hun Mumtaz Haider
Gojri
Kay Aggo pecho vekh kay chal Sabar Aafaqi
Tera tihan kay bagher, tera khial kay bagher
Sabar Aafaqi
Mevati
Ko (Ka) Chamray ko bazaar, Dasvein ko emtihan

99
Urdu
Ki Darad ki dawa pae darad-e-baydawa paya Ghalib
Baghal main gher ki aaj aap soay hain kahain warna
Ghalib
Punjabi
De Kar sahib de bandgi, reh jagrat raeay Shah Hussain
Saanwal de main baandi barde, saanwal mehnda saein
Shah Hussain
Pothohari
Ne Dil ne ag wich main pae balaan Anwar Ferooz
Challaan pae mar ne jowani ne tarang ne Karam Haideri
Japani
Nikoya (Meat Shop), komayya (Rice shop)
Seentakoya (Washing shop)

100
Gojri
Ki Os ki dil kay andar dil ko kam ay lamma rehno Sabar
Aafaqi
Meri akh ki doolan oproon duhlan aalo Tepu Sabar Aafaqi
Mevati
Aur Aasman aur jamein, Ghaltein aur kamein,
Bhi aur resta daran
Urdu
Pher Pehlay Josaf pher maekal, Pehlay daam pher kaam
Karta hoon jama pher jigar-e-lakht lakhi ko
Arsa howa hai dawat-e-mejgaan kiay howay Ghalib
English
Then First you then Petar, First meal then work
Urdu
Wao Ashq-o-Mazdoori-e-ishrat gaha-e-Kusro kiya khoob
101
Ghalib
Yah hum jo hijr main dar-o-dewar ko dekhtay hain Ghalib
Sindhi
Wao Moti-o-gulab nisrio, afsoss ho na aayo Ghulam Ali
Sooz
Urdu
Ka Ashq say tabiat nay zeast ka maza paya Ghalib
Chaman ka jalwa baes hai meri rangeen nawae ka Ghalib
Punjabi
Da Sabh vaysay shesay da mandar, wich Shah Hussain
namana
Kachrak balain mein aqal da dewa, birhoon andheri
wagde
Shah Hussain

102
Japani
Ne Gheo ne KO, (Shop of meat), Bo ta ne ko (Meat of
bear),
Tori ne KO (Meat of hen)
Rajistani
Ka Sakhyan ka bhartar
Saraeki
Seroon pand hijar da talay Khaja Ghulam Fareed
Ah dawae bimari da toor aae (Jumla)
Gojri
Ka Khuda ka aashqaan ki zindgi naan Sabar Afaqi
French
In Ahamed in evl, (House of Ahmed)
Kumas in rengi (color of cloth)

103
Mevati
Ka Dunyaan ka malik, kitaban ka tarjama, deen ka almaein
English
Of Words of love, drop of water, grains of san
Mevati
Ki Noh ki dohae, karorun ki tadaat
Rajistani
Ki Birha ki chalri, mun ki lagi Taj Qaemkhani
Urdu
Ko Hum KO setam aziz, setamgar KO hum aziz Ghalib
Punjabi
Noon Mein pachi noon maraam lat ne Shah Hussain
Pothohari
Koon Paray koon taropa kar giday Fada-e-Athar
Gojri
104
Ko Os ki yaad kay andar dil ko kam ay kamtaan rehno
Sabar Aafaqi
Rajistani
Ko Raja KO bhag, dhool KO kaal, dayas ko bass
Urdu
Main Paishay main aeab nahain rakheay na Farhaad ko
naam
Ghalib
Punjabi
Wich Galaan wich pherain latkainde, ah gal nae bhali
Shah Hussain
English
In(to) Put it into the jar
Gojri
Maan Jayro dil maan barchi mar gio Sabar Aafaqi
105
Pothohari
Vich bagaan nay vich pakhroon bolay Sadiq Naswwm
Saraeki
Wich Aapay sabh de Surat wich toon mikoon ajgoess
Mumtaz Dar
Rajistani
Main Sagar main jal
Takrar-e-Lafzi
Urdu
Aamad aamad, aatay aatay, jatay jatay
Punjabi
Jiyoon jiyoon, tiyoon tiyoon
Pushto
Zar zar, chirta chirta
Gojri
106
Parbat parbat nagri nagri
(Not a new thing in Urdu)
Pothohari
Ochay ochay, bit, Nimi nimi (Chaanne)
(It is also used in Pujabi)
English again (and) again
Hummartaba Alfaz
Urdu
Edhar other, gidhar kidhar, aagay pechy,
Oopar nichay
Punjabi
Seda padra, ulta seda
Rajistani
Dukh sok

107
Marakab Azafi
Urdu
Makta-e-gham, kakal-e-sarkash
Barahvi
Dagh-e-jodae, gham-e-furqat
Humza say bannay walay marakbaat
Urdu
Kanaay majnoon, mojaay raftar, oqdaay mushqal
Sindhi
Qatraay shabnum

108
Comments

Againk Sir this is very interesting but full of mistakes.

While I am in admiration of your knowledge of Indian and
Asian languages, you would do better to leave German
and French (and English to some extent) alone! German
smell = Geruch; and "der Gastgeber" is capitalized as all
nouns are; in French, it is "une odeur", English "touchy"
and not "tuchy"; what is Peady, maybe ready? der
Schleier = German Veil; The land bitterly needs
cultivation - is a correct English sentence; it's called
Japanese and not Japani in English. Good bye is sayonara
in one word, all those men, der Pilot (German for pilot); It
is necessary to speak Japanese; genetic; hydrogen,
German to ask = fragen, to begin = anfangen; began;
ideology, French le crime; electrical, spectral, Nazi and
fantasy don't fall under the same category of sounds = zi
and si; die Bresche = the divide; stance not the same
109
phonetic family; French samedi = Saturday (week = la
semaine); un accent (m.), der Franzose; die Kommission;
geezer pej. US American for man; je ne parle pas = I
don't speak in F. and I give up!
Susanne Seiler

110
 THE TREND OF DROPPING OR ADDING SOUNDS

The cry of pain that comes out of the pathetic heart on

the division of man is not an unnatural thing. Whereever
man lives, he is one in his origin and nature. The seasons
of his weals and woes are the same. Their natural needs
and demands are common. Wherever he lives, he desires
for peace, prosperity and complacence. He is full of
impatience for awareness. He wishes that his life is
secure and nobody snatches away his property. Not only
his achievement be recognised but material resources
should also be provided for his better performance
When he fails to get all this, response of some kind from
him is not a meaningless or unjust thing. There may be
some other reasons of man's negative behaviour. The
world religions have bassically taught three affairs.
(i) Justic should not be ignored at any stage.
(ii) Man should love other man and distribute love among
111
them.
(iii) Truth should never become obscure. The religious
authorities themselves have been breaking these
principles for their own personal interests and material
needs. And they have never been penitent in this regard.
When principles and rules are slaughteud, the cases of
division and chaos cannot be called meaningless and
causeless. Every response, in the next step, develops
into an ideological unity. This seices of division and
subtraction goes on increasing. Every group makes
efforts to achive the requirements of life according to its
own ideals and principles. And the seet regards it as the
service of truth and God. The particular group strives
furthur to expend these things.
There is the collsion of ideas in the battlefield of
struggle. As a result, hatred, jealousy, malice and the
trend to snatch away things flourishes. So much so that
the human blood no more remains sacred and respected.
112
The human culture, unfortunalely, suffers from this
division of man. The germs of being inferior and wore
are sucking the blood of humanity. At this stage the
matter of personal survival arises. The efforts linked
with these regarded as human service and truth.The
heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders of the present
age intellectuals and schoars that they should work for
man. They must use every reference/resource to bring
man close to the other man. If these negative references
that remove man away from other man are not done
away with it, will require a task to overcome this
difficulty in the coming times. Material resoures will
remain where they are Man shall lose his confidence in
the charms of life. In the present aircumstances, without
keeping an eye on material gains, effort must go on.
I have already stated in some writing that to search out
links among languages is not a worthless task.
Languages belong to man more than to nations and
113
countries. They belong to him who speaks them. Some
vices are born because of misunderstanding languages.
Man cannot express himself in exactly any second
language or he feels some difficulty in saying something
in that language. The possiblity exists that his statement
may be misunderstood.
In this connection, it would be agreed that the
understood meanings are the last ones. In this context,
no meanings are the last ones. The meanings are, in the
last ones. The meanings are, in one orthe other stage, to
be changed.
Most of the tongues of the sub-contiment are & similar.
Some of their linguistic rules are almost the same. A lot
of prefixes and suffixes, that are the back bone of
languages, are almost the same. Some sounds increase
or fall down thechange in intonation. The scholars should
work on the fall or addition. In this worthless essay,
some examples are presented to make my point of new
114
prominent. Keeping these examples in view, the people
who work on languages can find a way. It would be the
most important service of humanity to work on
languages in this perspective. And the circle of research
must extend to the universal limits. There is a common
trend of dropping some sounds in Urdu, Punjabi,
Pothhari, Saraiki and Gojri.
There is the tradition of dropping the central 'alf':
1-
(a) Shah to sheh
(b) Gah to geh
2-
(a) Naach to nach
(b) Nachna to nchna
(c) Chaand to Chn (Chun is also under use)
(d) Saas to sus
115
(e) Bazar to Bzar. (Punjabi)
f) Hath the hth (hth is also used in Gojri)
(g) Harna to Hrna or hrya
(h) Kajal to Kjal
(i) Bahar to Bhr
(j) Haat to hat (hati/hti is also used)
3-
Some time the mad of beginning is dropped but the sound
of Alf is sustained:
(a) Aawara to awara
(b) Aazad to azad
(c) Aabad to abad
(d) Aabadi to abadi
(e) Aam to amb
4- In some words mud and Alif both are dropped:
116
Aawaz to waz (waaj is also used)
5- If bay occus after meen and before"alf", it will be
dropped. However, the sound
of meem may be doubled:
Lumba to Lamma
(6) The sound of Tay before noon dropped.
(a) Jitna to Jinna
(b) Kitna to Kinna
(Here the sound of noon is double)
(7) In saraiki, the suffix (dha) is dropped:
Chundha to Choona
(8) The sound of 'An' occurping in the centre is not used:
(a) Inaam to Inam
(b) Jamaat to Jamt
(c) Taalaq to Talq
117
(d) Maasoom to Msoom
(9) The Central 'laam' is also dropped:
Machli to Machi
(10) In some words, the sound of 'noon' in the centre is
also expelled:
(a) Moonch to moch
(b) Pankha to Pakha
(c)Phoonk to Phook
(11) The sound of 'wao' in the centre also dropped:
(a) Bhool to Bhol
(b) Phool to Phol
(c) Doobna to Dubna
(d) Dooja to Duja
(e) Pochna to puchna
(In Pothohari Duwa is also in used) In Saraiki and Pujabi
118
duwa mean two
(12) The trend of dropping hay is also found:
Chooha to Chua (Wao is giving to double sound)
(13) In Saraeki tayra instead of tayrha
Punjabi tayda
Potohari and Gojri taida
Saraeki Doup instead of dhoop
Punjabi Thop
Gojri Thop
(14) The tradition of dropping hay is also common:
(a) Darhi to dari
(b) Darh to dar
(15) The central yay is dropped:
(a) Seedha to sidha
(b) Peecha to picha
119
(c) Neecha to nicha (Gojri)
(d) Neecha to niwaan (Punjabi)
(d) Baykar to bkar (Saraeki)
In Mavati also, sounds are dropped:
(a) Shuroo to suru
(b) Mashhoor to mashoor
(c) Shabeer to saber
There is the tradition of dropping two sounds in Punjabi,
Pothohari and Saraeki:
Ooncha to ocha
Pushto also have tradition of dropping souns:
(a) Dhal to dal
(b) Dheel to deel
Saraeki, the trend of changing sounds is also seen:
Haraan to haryan
120
Sounds are interchange in Pushto also:
Sandooq To soondaq
The trend of increasing sounds:
(1) In Urdu Machli while in Bangala maachli
(2) In Urdu sach while in Rajistani sanch, sachi to saachi
(3) In Urdu bohat, while in Rajistani, Dakni, Haryani and
Mevati Bohoot
(4) In Urdu the word lagna is changed into laagna in
Rajistani
Some other exmples of increasing sounds in Saraeki:
1- Gal is changed galh
2- Sab is changed sabh
3- Toota is changed tona
In Pothohari and Gojri hashvi noon is a comman thing;
Hasna to hansana
121
Urdu and Punjabi also make the hashvi use of noon:
Saikroon to sainkroon
This tradition is also found in Pushto:
1- Olti to Oltai
2- Phaki to phakai
3- Charkhi to charkhai
4- Josh to joshi
5- Jarab to jarabay
6- Khorak to khoraka
7- Khajoor to khajooray
8- Mandi to mandhi
In mevati see this trend:
!- Rang to rango
2- Pakha to pakho
122
3- Nicha to nicho
4- Ghar to gharay
5- Sab to saban
6- Din to dinan
In saraeki umb is spoken as umbo. In Punjabi umbi is
used for a small and unripe umb.
Hadi is changed Hud in Punjabi and Saraeki.
Mana is changed as mania in Saraeki
For Aap aapa is also in use
Punch, pank, pakhro, pakhairoon etc are well known
words of local languages and they all are the extended
forms of the original word par (Wing)
In Punjabi, there is common trend of increasing sounds:
!- Pachtana to pachothana, pachtawana
2-Martabah to marataba
123
This trend is also found in the Persian:
1- Shah to sheh
2- Seyah to seyh
3- Awal to ahwal
4- Sami to asami

124
 LANGUAGES ARE IN FACT THE RESULT OF SOUNDS

It gives pleasure to discuss intellectual and literal

matters with serious. It helps in the solution to problems
and matters. Not only this, a lot of references, links and
connections become evident.
How for Yaan pal Sarter is correct. His life was linked
with particular conditions and his ideas have come forth
with respect to this fact. Nobody forms his existence nor
is it possible that a man makes himself as he wishes. In
this formation of a persons existence, the whole
universe consciously, in some affairs, and unconsciously,
in some other ones, is involved. Its reason is that he is a
unit of the universe. Every body in itself is not complete
even after its completion. He is a part of some great
unity. Even while maintaining his identical/
characteristic, he is revolving around some great unity.
Being a unit of the whole universe, he connected with a
125
lot units. He affects them and is affected by them. And all
this is imposed in a peculiar balance and arrangement.
He is responsible not only of himself but all the units
existing in the unity. The survival of other units is, in fact,
its own strength.
I have already mentioned that a decaying society gets
itself linked with some other strong and active society so
that it may further live fifty or hundred years more. Thus
the survival of another unity is not worthless for it. Each
unit of a building, in spite of being separate, cannot get
isolation from other units. In this regard, it is not
correct to say some unit unimportant. There is no
justification of its separation from other units. The
importance of cement is compulsory for or each other.
The rich for the poor and the poor for the rich. Grief for
man and man for grief are not unimportant. They are to
move parallel to each other at a time. In this case life can
exit. Stasis and stillness are death for each of them.
126
Languages are in fact the result of sounds. With this
reference they revolve around sounds. So long as
sounds exit, the existence of languages is unchallenged.
Nature has granted man with some organs as create
sounds themselves or sounds come out of them. And
these sounds are the same as are present in the
universe. In other word, this procedure of give and take
is connected with the existence of languages.
Viewed at any level, the combination of countless isolated
and compound sounds is present all the languages with
small changes. It is true that the grammatical adjustment
is occurred according to the linguistic set up of the
languages.
All human being are the issue of the same man and the
families of this man are composed with the passage of
time. Linguistics, therefore, divided languages into
different families.

127
Gojri, Punjabi, Pothohari, Sasaiki, Urdu, Arabic, Persian,
Bravi, Pashto, Bangali, Sindhi etc, have many common
words. Along with English, other western languages have
the association of sounds. Rather a large number of their
words are the same and some time their use is also at
some places parallel. Hence to say that languages die, is
absolutely wrong and baseless. At a time, they are
related with:
Man and his families
Different groups
Needs and material necessities
Universe
Everything of the universe
Other languages
While single, groups, combinations and compound sounds
is the source of link among them. Every sound has its
own mood, behavior, trend and culture. It adopts the
128
form of word accordingly. While with the individual
identity, social culture also involves. And it also keeps
the nature of sounds with them. When a word enters a
society, it also brings with it its culture and these words
unconsciously and sometimes consciously plays its role.
This adjustment is nature of sounds. If these universal
nature links dont exit, the mater of adjustment cannot
be solved. This link of sounds indicates the link of man
with man and with the universe. I have described the link
of sounds in writing. I present some examples from
Japanese sends (Hira Gana)to show
With respect to the association of other language, if this
piece of work is appreciated, I shall show the link of the
remaining sounds of Hira Gana as well as three sounds
of Kana Kata. With reference to these sounds, the search
of the link between man and universal will become easy.
Not only this, it will also help us understand the link of
man and universe.
129
O
English Orange
Urdu Okat
Pashto Obaie
Punjabi Ohlay
Pothohari Oha
Saraki Othain
Gojri Ozar
Arabic Olad
Persian Aab-o-dana
A
English Apple
Urdu Arada
Pashto Aalan
130
Punjabi Haey
Pothohari Aeha
Gojri Koey
Arabic Jo-e-kazib
Persian Zerb-e-Shadeed
Oo(ou)
English Column
Urdu Oncha
Pashto Ohkh
Punjabi Ochcha
Pothohari Ochcha
Saraki Okhoon
Gojri Outhain
Persian Ouja

131
E
English Elephant
Urdu Eman
Pashto Eman
Punjabi Soee
Pothahari Deekhe
Saraki Ethain
Gojri Eman
Arabic Eman
Persian Eman
Aa
English Author
Urdu Aana
Pashto Aaloo
Punjabi Aaeo
132
Puthohari Aas
Saraki Aapey
Gojri Aalo
Arabic Aaein
Persian Aab
Ko
English Cooperation
Urdu Kohat
Pashto Kotek
Punjabi Kookain
Pothohari Korey
Saraeki Koon
Gojri Sakoo
Arabic Kofeh
Persian Kochek
133
Kay
English Keynes
Urdu Dhamakey
Pashto Saskay
Punjabi Ginkay
Pothohari Tukkey
Saraki Phekay
Gojri Nekay
Ku (koo)
English Cocker
Urdu Kucha
Pashto Kuchay
Punjabi Kora
Pothohari Kook
Saraki Mekoon
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Gojri Koay
Arabic Hatubkaud
Persian Chakoo
Key (kee)
English Key
Urdu Tarakey, harki
Pushto Mirchaki
Punjabi Keey
Pothohari Tukkey
Saraki Salamaleki
Gojri Keey
Arabic Makene
Persian Chalaki
Ka

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English College
Urdu Kamran
Pashto Zamka
Punjabi Kaee
Pothohari Ochuckka
Saraki Lokain
Gojri Thaka
Persian Rakab
Arabic Mutkabalas
So
English So, sow
Urdu Socha
Pashto So
Punjabi Soee
Pothohari Sonda
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Saraki Soka
Gojri Sohno
Arabi Soaad
Persian Sood
Say (SA)
English Sample
Urdu Piyasay
Pashto Namesay
Punjabi Hasay
Pothohari Vassay
Saraki Pasay
Gojri Dessay
Soo (su)
English Sue
Urdu Suna
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Pashto Tosu
Punabi Sunjan
Pothohari Sota
Saraki Sool
Persian Chaharsoo
Shee/shi
English She
Urdu Khushi
Pashto Munshee
Punjabi Shereni
Saraki Khushee

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 URDU AND JAPNESE SOUNDs SIMILIRITIES'

There is no alphabet in Japanese. Shapes, traces and

signs are fixed for sounds. These sounds are divided into
two parts:
Hiragana
Katakana.
Every sound has five shapes i.e. Uo, O, KO, Koo, Hu, Ho,
Mo.
Ka and Ki are read Kha and Khe.
Sound Ta is read Tha.
Where Noon and Bay, Noon and Py, Noon and meem, are
associated, there meem sound will be appeared i.e.
Shinbun will be converted into Shimbun, Noanmae will be
altered in Namamae.
During talk some sounds are not appeared. For example
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Dyso will be read Dus.
Except Chinese and Japanese, all languages have
alphabet. Words are constructed through their
alphabets, while symbols make style, way and trend of
speaking. I.e. in Urdu Khuda Hafiz, in English Good Bye
and in Japanese Sayonara.
All Japanese sounds are available in Urdu. In Urdu,
Japanese sounds can be easily used. During talk,
speaker feels comfortable. In Urdu, every change in
sounds can be made easily i.e. in writing Chondha but in
speaking Chuna, in writing Unber but in speaking Umber,
in writing Tunbu but in speaking Tumbu.
Every language has many substitutes and combined
groups of sounds. However thousands of sounds are
found in the universe. Some have discovered and are in
use, but some are still to be discovered or waiting for
there uses.

140
How sounds associated and various compounds are
appearing in speaking or writings? It is not a matter of
writing but it is related to speaking i.e. in writing Ka/Ki
but in speaking Kha/ Khe. Like this, in Urdu, in writing
Khavish but in speaking khaash. Substitution of sounds is
not a strange thing in the Japanese language. This thing
is also common in the other languages.
The change of sounds or use of substitute sounds is not
a serious matter. However, this matter is related to the
way of talking or style of talking in a language. For
example:
Zindgi is spoken Gingi in Mivati and Ragistani.
Hazoor is converted into Hagoor in Punjabi, Saraiki and
Huryani.
Maza is spoken Mazo in Mivati and Gojri.
For Za-e Persian compound sound ion is used in English.
For Py, in Arabic, By is used (i.e. Pakistan is spoken there
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Bakistsan.)
Japanese speak Tabako but it is in Urdu Tumbako, in
Punjabi Tamako.
In Urdu it is Daan but in English Pan (i.e. Urdu Pandaan,
English Fry-pan). P is a substitute sound for D but there
is no difference in the meanings.
These are same words with the change of sounds. I think,
for the best understanding, we should have to do a lot of
work to know the sounds and their public uses. It is also
a matter of the day to discover the usually used
substitutes and similarities in sounds.
I have tried to find out the similarities of sounds in Urdu
and Japanese languages with the possible examples. In
this way, Urdu speaker can understand the Japanese
language. It is true that it demands deep interest and
hard work.
Su Charsu Shi Khushi
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Sa Peyasa To Tosa
Tay Bhertay Chi Elachi Ta Marta No Nokar
Nian Surhanain Noo Noor Ni Porani Na Jhurna
Hoo Bahoo Hay kahay
Foo Shurfoo Hi Tabahi
Ha Karaha Mo Mohubbut
May Hungamay Mu Muncsh
Mi Aasami Ma Mahi
Ro Rokna Ra SitarThereuo
Yo Sanayo Ya Saya
Oo Ooncha Go Bagola
Gy Dhagy Gu Guftagu
Gi Sadgi Ga Dhaga
Zu Bazu Zay Tazay
Zu Zood Gi Hagi
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Za Durwaza Do Dusra
Sy Sady Zu Zulfqar
Ge Gena Da Dildada
Bo Bona Bay Bykar
Bu Khusvbu Bi Gulabi
Ba Baqi Pu Punja
Pi Gopi Pu Pura
Pi Papi Pa Pass
Qu Qunkar Q Qauood
Ya Angya Sho Shosha
Shu Shukar Sha Shatar
Jo Jorab Ju Jungju
Ja Baja Cho Chola
Chu Chuha Cha Chakar
Huo Rahihuo Heu Heute
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Hea Dehean Beu Unkbeut
Beo Beonut Biya Biyaban
Meo Meor Miu Miuwati
Mia Mian Neo Neota
Niu Reniu Nia Niaz
Reu Rewand, Raywar Ru Otaru
Reya Reyakar

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 OTHER LANGUAGES HAVE NATURAL LINK WITH JAPANESE
SOUNDS

Every sound has its own mood, behavior, trend and

culture. It adopts the form of word accordingly. While
with the individual identity, social culture also involves.
And it also keeps the nature of sounds with them. When a
word enters a society, it also brings with it its culture
and these words unconsciously and sometimes
consciously plays its role. This adjustment is nature of
sounds. If these universal nature links dont exit, the
mater of adjustment cannot be solved. This link of sounds
indicates the link of man with man and with the universe.
I have described the link of sounds in a writing. I present
some examples from Japanese sends(Hira Gana)to show
their link with sounds of other languages. If this piece of
work is appreciated, I shall show the link of the
remaining sounds of Hira Gana as well as three sounds
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of Kana Kata. With reference to these sounds, the search
of the link between man and universal will become easy.
Not only this, it will also help us understand the link of
man and universe:
O English Orange
Urdu Okat
Pashto Obaie
Punjabi Ohlay
Pothohari Oha
Saraki Othain
Gojri Ozar
Arabic Olad
Persian Aab-o-dana
A English Apple
Urdu Arada
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Pashto Aalan
Punjabi Haey
Pothohari Aeha
Gojri Koey
Arabic Jo-e-kazib
Persian Zerb-e-Shadeed
Oo(ou)English Column
Urdu Oncha
Pashto Ohkh
Punjabi Ochcha
Pothohari Ochcha
Saraki Okhoon
Gojri Outhain
Persian Ouja

148
E English Elephant
Urdu Eman
Pashto Eman
Punjabi Soee
Pothahari Deekhe
Saraki Ethain
Gojri Eman
Arabic Eman
Persian Eman
Aa (au)English Author
Urdu Aana
Pashto Aaloo
Punjabi Aaeo
Puthohari Aas
Saraki Aapey
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Gojri Aalo
Arabic Aaein
Persian Aab
Ko English Cooperation
Urdu Kohat
Pashto Kotek
Punjabi Kookain
Pothohari Korey
Saraeki Koon
Gojri Sakoo
Arabic Kofeh
Persian Kochek
Kay English Keynes
Urdu Dhamakey
Pashto Saskay
150
Punjabi Ginkay
Pothohari Tukkey
Saraki Phekay
Gojri Nekay
Ku (koo) English Cocker
Urdu Kucha
Pashto Kuchay
Punjabi Kora
Pothohari Kook
Saraki Mekoon
Gojri Koay
Arabic Hatubkaud
Persian Chakoo
Key (kee) English Key
Urdu Tarakey
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Pushto Mirchaki
Punjabi Keey
Pothohari Tukkey
Saraki Salamaleki
Gojri Keey
Arabic Makene
Persian Chalaki
Ka English College
Urdu Kamran
Pashto Zamka
Punjabi Kaee
Pothohari Ochuckka
Saraki Lokain
Gojri Thaka
Persian Rakab
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Arabic Mutkabalas
So English So, sow
Urdu Socha
Pashto So
Punjabi Soee
Pothohari Sonda
Saraki Soka
Gojri Sohno
Arabi Soaad
Persian Sood
Say (sa)English Sample
Urdu Payasay
Pashto Namesay
Punjabi Hasay
Pothohari Vassay
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Saraki Pasay
Gojri Dessay
Soo(su)English Sue
Urdu Suna
Pashto Tosu
Punabi Sunjan
Pothohari Sota
Saraki Sool
Persian Chaharsoo
Shee English She
Urdu Khushee
Pashto Munshee
Punjabi Shereni
Saraki Khushee

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ENGLISH
Sa English Saw
To English Today
Ch I (chee) English Cheek
No English Knoty
Noo (nu) English Nook
Nee (ni) English Marconi
Na English Banana
Hoo (hu) English Who
Hay English Hay
Foo (fo) English Follower
He (hee) English He
Moo English Moment
Mee English Meeting, Army

155
Ma English Mother
Ro English Row
Ray English Race
Ru English Rue, Ruth
Re English Reaction
Ra English Raw
Yo English York
Yu (Yoo) English Universe
Ya English York
Noon English Carton
Go English Gown
Gu (goo) English Goose
Gee English Refugee
Ga English Game

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Zoo English Zoo
Zay English Zebra
Do English Though, Do
Day English Today
Du(doo)English Dual
Da English Dadaism
Bo English Bow
Bay English Bay
Bu (boo) English Boor, Book
Bee English Begin
Ba English Balm
Po English Pope
Pu English Pupae, Pure
Pee English Pigeon
Pa English Paw
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Qu English Queue
Qee English Queen
Sho English Show
Shoe English Shoe
Sha English Bradshaw
Jo English Joke
Ju (joo) English Jupiter
Ja English Jaw
Cho English Chose
Chu English Choose
Cha English Chat
Hu English Huge
Bayo English Abeyant
Beue (bew) English Beautiful

158
Baya English Mayo
Mew (meu) English Municipal
New (Neue) English News
Rayo (raue) English Review
Raya, in Urdu Punjabi, Pothohari, Arabic and Persian:
Raya Urdu Rayakar
Punjabi Bheraya
Pothohari Uperaya
Arabic Riaz
Persian Riya
Three very important sounds of Kata Kana:
Wa/va English Vagabond
Urdu Wala, Humnava
Paue Urdu Pevest
Punjabi Paue
Saraiki paue
Pew English Pew
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 THE LANGUAGE SCIENCE

-
By: Maqsood Hasni
Presented by
H. E. Prof. Sufi Niamat Ali Murtazaee
Free Abuzar Barqi Kutabkhana
July 2017
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